ùֱɳĸ֮ߣè
İ
˺ͳ忪սĵһһʮꡣ
ͬɧŵ֣಻ԵӵƫԶûо㡣
ζû뵽ԼϳӵϮû뵽Ϊ⣬ʧȥָĳĸ걾ںϡ
ӾҵʹѺޱȾֵط֣ԼѾԱٵʵСȡ˳
ллأΪںϵĳĸ걾ֻһֻȫûз׳棬Щײе۳沢δ
ڣֻҪص⡣
һԼݡ
ڶڷĳȺУԼͬʱһֻĸʵ
===========================
Ķָϡ
嶯޸㱼ǰû취ȷĲ֪
1V1 NP ǰΪ趨Եʻ˶ܵļͷֻԹذͷ
еȻֱаСëȻûȷڳ˼۶಻ͬ϶Ҳ
Ϊĸϡѧĸϳĸϳĸϣظ飡
ΪתΪ˳ĸ϶һЩ컯ؼ뿪
Ըκдָ
ĲʺκμKKۿ
ϲ޷г׵㣬Ծ׵߲ʺĶ
ֻ߲ڱ̫ƽ̨ģۣҡ
===============================================================
湥Xѱ޵ùֱУǣȻ΢
ݱǩ ռ ֲ ϲԩ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ڳĸ
⣺֮Ȼֹϣܶԣѣˡ


1 
˵ʷһ죬Ӧͨӡ
糿ߵ룬Զ˵ĺ˯ǰһյA-15ͳͨúϳʳռ档ڷǰ׽Źѵζĺϳʳʱֵ໨Ǯ¸¶߼һʳٲôѳԡ
ԼĹԲҿԼĴͷѸٵʧˡȻⲢ˵ֺʵĴһ¶ԺȫƾԼŬʽоԱ˵Ѿ൱
ֻǰǮ˵һλ
˳˴棬ĻлԼͨѶϣͨѶǸ˵idǻɫģȻʱߡ
ϻͣԷһͨѶ
AraneaeҪȥԷˡ
С֣183ô˻û𣿡
AraneaeѾԹˣֶˡ
AraneaeԲ㲻ҳԵúܶɣ
С֣183ô᣿Ҳ˵İĹĺܴ󣬳Եö಻𣿶һԵŮ̫ҾϲԵöġ
Araneaeá
С֣183ҲܿɰԷȥɣˡ
С֣183ˣѾʤǰϵĴƱҺڴļ档

Է֮ûٻػֿζԻʱ߻ǲظֳһĨǳǳЦ⡣ͨѶ˽ȣӦĳƫԶŮһĳϻթƭվܺߣҲթƭĸһֱ˶ʮ˰ȹڡ
ַǳϲȡ
Ϊ̫ƫԶԵʣָγӵϢĻһ֪ǻڶԻʾһرĺ뾪档е˻¹̫Ȼ˵ȼֱ¡
ɰҪ
ѾԼʵм棬Ϊ˴ƱҿʼԼǮƻȽȻԼؼڵоϾõĽԴҪȡְʸҪ2ϵĹȨ޺ٶʮõ㡭
뵽һ£егʵеء
֪ԼϲĶҵʱͲΪεԭѡƫƧĵ37оְˡѾûоǴǮ̧ȼܼѡ˵Ҳ֪ͰȵĺӵӦýʲôأкͽС

ڶδϸ滮У׼ʱŰ߳ţŲ֪ûбȥʱҪɢܵԶԼϰص㡣
37о޴ĽνԶʱʮֻˣֻҪͿԿӴĽ͸T-112ϵԶͨϵͳһҲѾö˿ˡ
޶õ߹ķȣȻ⼣߰ߵİϵͳˢԼĸϢ
DоԱְλȨ޵ȼ S
ͬΪϾɶԵر׾˹ؿڵ
ϺãоԱ֡
˵
Ϻá
֪о˹ûװط˼άģ飬ֻǳźĵشһк
ϾԴӽо󣬸֡Ĳͬ£
оԱ֣Ĺǰ¸Ŀ****ݲɼȨѾʱΪ S Ȩʱ 4Сʱ
˹ûκ
ԼĹ̲סüͷȻĿΪȼⱻˣһǼǺţȻ֪Ǿָʲô
оҲֻСôߵļ
ݹӦλͬµŶԡ
ѯһ£֪ΨһĻ˲ͬ½˼ٺҲûж롣˰칫ңַ°ݲɼ豸оײȥн
һֱһ̣Ϊһƽһ졣
ߵ·ʱֺȻһƵĺ
ȻԼǰȿʼĵƹһ˲˴۵ĺɫ
о˹ϵͳһֱü󣬲ź̶֪С
棬棬棬⵽Ϯ
β̶ 234560
гԱǰ㡣
гԱ롣
볷롣

壿
Ϯ
ζû뵽ԼϳϮ
֮սѾһٶ꣬ʱţ˫֮Ѵһ໯ΪĶΪ˽ֺͶš
һѧʱÿѧڶҪϹڳĿγ̣ʵȴûô壬Ҫ˵Ϯ
ʵ̫ͻȻûʲôʵڸСȻϵͳеľҲû飬ƨͿʼų񱼶ȥ
ǣʮߺоϵͳģģʵ̫ˡ
Ϯϵͳʮ֡ܡж˸¥֮Զֽͨ쵽˸SĿռݵĹȨޱʱߣܾͳ׵ױоײ¥㲻ܳȥˡ
Ҳڴˡòһ·ˢŸȨ޸ϵʱӭģֻпյĿոۡ
ִ͵վԭأЩɵۡ
ô˵أˣе⡣ΪĳЩԭررϲעĿĳɼ֮ԻܵôƫԶճоѶղоΪ˼һóԵƽƽͨ㡣
Ȼ˵ʮߺоҲܳƵ5AܾоȻôóߵʽԱͳˣµĶЩûκνȡֻ϶յС
ҶģҲû̫ע⵽ĬԣӰһDоԱټֽеĲͬŽҲ˼٣ȳʱоﾪʧоԱȻҲ벻
ĵȻһƬѪĹвظ
жĿͻƺԻٳѾʱʼ300299298
ԭشһ˲˷˱롣
һ໰˷һ롣
ţʼתȾܡ
ֺΪ˱֤ϲзȡ򵥵ķоȺһͬը졣
ְѵʱֻ˯Ҳûͬھķʲô⡣
ʱҲû뵽ʱԼȻֱӱ°
ֵʱ䲢ࡣ
ܵʱӶǿհ׵ġʵԼ»ĿԲʱҲֻͶ·µν
ڼǰִŻһɴ͵صɡڣһˡ
˵ȥ
ǮȥһССķӡ
Ǹ׾ŮԶ

Ժֻһǿҵͷ
ʶʱŷԼȻȨ޿һ·̵ƣ񱼵Ĺص㡣
һѾʽܶﴢҡ
*
=
˵øַʽõĳʬĵط
֮ǰĹǸ¼Щʬ걾Ĳ
ĺģġ
Щûκı걾Уһ걾ںܶǰҪ˵ڵоΪоŽġ
һֻδȫĳ塣
ʵҩҺ֮мʮ꣬׳֫岿Ѿ˰͸ĲҰɫţû۾ûг͵Ĵ֫ȥĳֱŴ̥Ǵеġ塱
һμʱֻ˺ܾãŰ¼ϵġĸϵ
ǵģⲻͨĳ塣
һֻĸ
*
ĸǳС
˵ľסϣÿһ༶ϵʦõ̵Լѧ
ֵ˵ǳΪСĸ壬ûʳᣬûлףϸ˵ǼûκԱǵ𣬵۳Լڶ嶼Ὣĸضι̵ıСǣһĸҲĵˣΪһ죬ͻҹԼյΪߵȼĸ塣ֻҪסһ㣻ûгĸͲиߵȳ壬Ҳ˵ǵģû֪ġɺ֮԰֡ԼѪᡯǱȷϵġսʱڣֻ͸ӽ˰ٷְʮϵʧ
Ҫһǣûгĸľ񰲸ĸߵȳ彫ܿΪɹɳߴҲΪȱĸʩӵӿʼҷϾ໥ɣ໥ǳԡôչǵıչֻһֵ͵ȱŰܹ֮ߵ죬ıǳĸǵϢѹơ
Ҫ׵ĻȺŻߣֻҪҵǵĳĸڼɡȻһѵսۣӽһֱŬ

ֶ߷·˶ǰʦĻʱڽµѹûгһգԼƫԶְһо
Ҳûưܲоľ˵ʵƷ
ʮǰͨĳֲΪֶ֪Σܵõһöĸĳѡ
ʱսеݱʱĿѧƫԶԶǽ˽䱸ɭϵоרоĸĳѡ
ĳһж˳лԣһݶڱȷʵһֻδȫĳĸ
Ȼþһа취ǿдĸ̥󣬳ĸûκηӦ
һһ꣬ѧһа취ĸʼֻһŲȱȫƮӪҺе⡣
󣬵ҰĲ䱨ԺоԱǲòسϣǵĳԳʧˡ֮ԿӵֻĸΪʼֻǲȱƷ
ѹͲܷɹҲܳΪĳĸ
ȻĻЩΪ˳ĸĿɲ۳ǣͲõ
Ǳ峹ʧƷ
ųսޱĽֽ׶ΣоöʧƷҲʷĳС
ֱʱ˿̡
*
ֲ֪ΪʲôݷѾõĳȻƫԶ
Ҳ֪Լʲôܻȥ
ûʱȥЩ̧ͷ򴢲עĿⴢʱԺƮȴĳͬʱ
ǲ֪ͷж⣬ģͿⴢĲϣɲͨĸϲϣK-22ͺϽҲǵһӵָӹٻõֲϰɣⶫ΢ͺ˵ըˣͷҲܰȻ
ϵͬºϲţ
˵ĻҲ֮һɡ
ֺһ㣬Լûʲôѡ
ĽѾ𽥱ƽվڻ谵ĴҲԸܵһϵбը𶯡
*
ֻ²ſܴ򿪡
ĵؿʼлλٵͬ£лʱ
Ȩĺܸߣ²ԱȻȨֱӴ˿塣һݻϾɵϲϹ඼ǻɫģ޷á
ȥЩɫԶ򣬵һڳһֱеɫʱҲûֱӰȷϼ
¡
֪ѾδĴϸǻشˣֳŴ񱼹ȥͷһ۾ͿƯճҺǾ߲Ұ׵ʬƽʱֻռʱŻãֻһ˸ߵľ޴ĸкֻǲеһ񺮡
ȡ
Ĭ֣Ȼһҧ˴
ڿռ䲢ԣ
ȥʱֿظоĸ䣬ʪʬԼĸٴκϣֲ֪ʲôֻܸоһ͸ڲһ룬һֻ޴ģε̽˹
̡
ָоԼ˳ĸкʬ֮Сһȸ˳߽λӿȻǾҵʹ
ҪС
ʹ
̫ʹˡ
ʲô
оԱԺһƬãȻͿ־壬Һ־ʹ;岢ûг̫ãΪһ룬ž޴ıը۵ĹߣҲĺڰ֮С


2 
Сʱ
ĵT-122ı򡣾糿뿪ʱⱾһƽõĹգȻʱֻ֮ʣһƬɫķ档
ʮߺо֮ǰ̶̼Сʱﱻ׵شƫԶĨȥˣԭΰĽνֻʣɰʯڡߡʽȫӦǡͥжСӡĹ£ʮǰ໨õ5AоʩһкҲһȭͷ
ķϵͳѾ״̬ʱ˿ƬֻгĴڡòĳʿǲŻмϲɨ裬Ȼ򣬶ųʿЧĹܿʮߺоо򶼱Ѱϡ
泤٣A1329Ѿ׼ϣδĿꡣ
泤٣Bȫ̽ϣδĿۼ
泤٣CѾ̽ϡ
ڳʿƵϣƵ̽ϸһܣԽԽĳ׼ϣȺ׾ٱأ׵оĹǿȥ𽥱ý
ΪڳȺΧ֮£ĳھġˡڲɢѹԵʡ
ٳһʵòǸУԳƵ쳣Ӣ
ò˫뷢ɫڵģΨһ಻ͬһ㣬ֻ˿Լ¶ֻϸǡվڳȺ֮У޳οȥʵ̫ߴȻûκһֻ嵨ʱǵϾǸ˿ǡ
Ŷ˹㿴ȥÿҪˣ
ջǰԣҲг嶼
һֻѤðƵĳȻأ׶ߵӴһµͬʱʼãתΪ̬
㻹ǵǵڼαһλˣ𣿲һκرأһλֻ˼Ϣֱ̤أ²¿ҪȺ鳤ೳټܣ
߳źڷ۵٬˵͸һɲݺӵĳ
˹̧䵭ͬžװԼǸһ
ϣӳӦרעԼһλ鲢Χ֮ڡ
ûʲôԼͬ˵
֮Ϊϣĳ߼ʼĵػӦĺܸлٹҵĹеѾˡ
ţ𣿡
˹Ȼϣ
Ȼչ˳ȻųһʿֱӶȥ
ûκ˿γֵģ˹»عνڵʱǼʿѾ˵ϣҲΪ֮ǰ͵͵ʯеĳҲչǰ
һöѾرεĺϽ𴢴
˹Ĵһ£ֽʯš˳
ǲ
䵭ؿϣָ˵ճƶȣսʱռʶӦϱߣȻʿֻҪ˽ԼսƷ
ڴ̡
ϣɫ΢䣬ǶʿĿ䡣
ȺʿϣĳԱһ塰ڴ̡ڴ̡ǲ֮ǰŹ˳Ұ壬ǱĶ֮ǰϣҲûȺӾȻɢ̰Ҫ޴
˹̫ϣʱŨɱ⣬ԭֻǲϣ͡һλҪѣö֧ǿ֧ŵĴıˡ
ǣ
˹̧֡
ֵڵϮ¶δѵĴָȴǱˮֽһΪм
һŰɫһģԴֱӵ˳
ڿǾʲô󣬿˹һ
һֻ׳棿
*
ÿһֻһжᾭü׶Σѣ룬壬棬ɳ桭ڴڼǵҲкܴı䡣
У̬ε̬ǿĳα̬
̬£ԸͨøºͶ侲ҲסԼ޷Ķԡڱ̬£ͱŰõͷţ֮ԵԿļǵĵ
һ˵Խǿĳ壬̬ԽСĳ̬ͨԼĳڳУжһǿ󣬺ܶʱҪϢѹֻҪһαһ׳ʱȴ
Ϊÿһֻ׳׶ΣȥΪΡ
ⲢΪǿ󣬶Ϊǵ򣬻ף˵붼ûа취
Ȼ׶ڳһзǳǳݣΪ׳ĻۣǽתΪĳЩ֪е壬پڵɱƿԼ忪ʼ̬л
˹ĴƵʱñ֮ǰһЩ
ŵһֻ壬ΪûгԿڣȻѾ̫ͣʱ䡣ڳӵȳ
̫޷תɳΡ
ҩˮԵʣڿ˹żǰȥϢҲЩŹ֡
ȻȷȷʵǳϢɢϢȴЩˡ̵ζ׳ѪϢУȥĪÿ˹еЩ̫
֮ǰ̽鵽鱨оһֱŷǷĹǾڲǰոսһһΪƷ̶̫ͣȲֱȥӵȳ塣
һλ֮ǰһֱ󵼿˹ǣΪһλδǱӵȥ
˹Ҳ˲ðն򷢶˹
ڿһλȻˢһΣϢȷʵġ
˹Сսʱ˲ٱоԱĳƷΪЩ屻ڳʱֻʣһЩĲ
ֻ׳濴ȥǲ
˹䵭ع۲ֻ׳棬ٻš
Ȼݿ˹жϣֻ׳ҲûжԶˣܵʵ̫ˡ
һֻӵȳ岢ûм˹̫עһƳ֮󣬿˹ĮȻת뿪û뵽Ҳһ̣оʲôһ¡
ֻ׳֡
ţס˿˹Ľ
һֱܾԺ󣬿˹ҲףһΪʲôһͣ½Ųתͷ࿴һۡ
ء
һƳĿ
ѪģϢٵ겢ûͬ˹Ϊѹ˵ղŵǸֻʶľٶǵ˹ͷʱյ˫ȴһѪᡣ꿴ȥ޷ݵġ

˹˿Ĵһεؿʼ˻ζ
лҪ˵
ʱе֣ذȡ顭


3 
һΡ
εʼһжáεԼǰķɴ˰ȣһͬһĴӶŮȻԷ˻顭ȻοʼŹ֡
ĸʼʹͣ߸𣬵ǰҽԺͼ⵽ôʱģҽȴޱƽ˵
ϲܿҪкˡ
еֱܵظе˲ԾξĹɣ޴ӷجοʼչεԼķ䡣
ѡ
ЩģɫԲֱǰƿǣɱ䣬Ϊһֻһֻ˶Żĳ塣Щų򣬸ĳĸƬһ˸Ű쵵΢⣬תͷ֣ûзȻظܵǵֿз
ҡȾҡ
ǵԼз˼ܵ̽ԼӰȡȻȴڴʱתͷҲһģģ·ڻһ۾ȴЩһ˷ĸۡ
ԣҪ㡣
˰ȵᣬᣬȻ
ͬһʱ̣ġӡǣЩ컨Ƶɳɳضڵذϣٵسӿ˹
ڼȻ˹

ȿȿȡ
Ȼ㱻ԼĳճҺǺˡʱʶģޱȣΪˮĿ¸ܷ
֮е۴һĤн˳
ֿ˺ü²̧ͷ
ò̧ͷͼ⵽ôʱЩΪԼȻǸµ֮С
ԼһɫͿռУĹߺɸֵĸоȴĳڵص׵ĶѨֵ״Щ򼸺Ƿյģ͸͸ıĤԼԿаĳЩι״Ӱ
ʵϣԼҲһö򣬲ͬıѾѿˡ
һЩʪյճҺ˳Ȼ·״֯Ѹ˸ɾָе޷ȻֻǰޱİĻдЩ֮Щ塣
ǶһЩĳ塣
ΪСĳ忴ȥҲ׸ߣܶϵĻմճҺ⣬Ǵ׳ֻ׾ٵضذ壬ǿ׾ٵ컨ǽжٶȷǳѸ٣Ǹ߸ϰǵǰ֫ѾˣȻԿúǰ֫ıԵøࡣ
ѧУϿô꣬Ҳû壬ǰЩ嵹Ǹ̿ϴ
Ȼֲĸоǽ̿ϼ򱶰ɡ
ʱֱȻۣһ˵ʹʹᡣϾֻҪܸоʹζԼš
ȻָΪԼеˣԼΧЩ壬ֱιȥ
Ȼιȥ֮ǰмֻͽСĳ巢
˻˻
˼ϸ΢ĵ
ȫӲؿ⼸ֻ彫Լקֱϳ͵Ĳҡ
뿪˲ֵ֮嶶ԽԽ
֮⣬һ򳡴Сľ޴ռ䣬ɫĽ￴ȥޱѹֻ֡˶ĳʿǵĶӯѸٶ£ڶ࣬жȴϢֻĦʱɳɳ
ɫһƬҰס
ͨŻᾪȻͼܰɣǵĿĳ֣֮ԼѾȫʧȥжױŵȫ̱ˡ
ʱһӰǰ
һֻɫڵɫ壬Ű߲Ƶĳʿͬûһ˿ɫƽı淺ƽĹ
ĪģȥͨĳӺˡ
ֻӯֱӽŵȫǰ
Ȼ󣬵ֵ棬ɫеޱȿ־ʧˣȡ֮һθߴòĮˡ

ˣ
ǰĳޱĮ˵

ִؿ
ĸȺģ
ٵڵ֣ͫ˿£ʻޱӲ
촽һȴ޷һΪھֶȫʧһ桭Ϊû㶮ǰʻ
ΪʲôһֻҪһ⣿ʲôСĸȺ䡱
ԡ
Ӧ˼ǣΪʲôԼܹǰԣִʱѾʶˣǰĳ˵Ӧǳԡ
ȴȫ
شң
񾪿ȴʼղ˹Щ͵üͷ֪ΪʲôòֵĻش侲öЩԼĽꡣ
ҪѯʱԱߴЩɵ
ʲôʵģ̬Ѿôˣȴһֻ򶼻û׳棬ûκȺӡҲûбǡ
һֻ塪ɫֹȴ˿ڴʱȻ¡
ʳԿĹͷ­˹ɺ۾֡
ΪȼԱȺ˰ɣ
Ŀд˴ЦȴޱĿ˹Ҫöࡣ
ţֿһֻҲתΡ
ϣ
˹ڷһ޵ľ档
ϣûںԹԵ̧֣סֵ°͡
ʱŵһɺܵܵϢǰֻ϶ȫһµϢĪģ˲ʶǾǴеġǡ
ѹֻᱻץߵʵء治֪˹Сȳڰ㻹Ǻ㡣ĺܺÿҪҪɴ൱ҵ۳棿ǰӦûܱӻһʱء
ˡ
˹üԼͬš
һֱ̫ϲϣĶϰԡ
ڵ۹ٷ֮ʮŵŵĳ˵ԶҲĸܽӴĸصκϢǶڳĸĿӡڳײ֮еġԶʱĹﵽӵԼġ۹νеĿĽȴʼ޷
ƫƫǰ׳棬۳ġĸϻһ˿ϸ΢ơЩ۳棬Ϊ磽Լıܣֱʱڵ׳䵱xߡ
ڳڲֹСֻܳĳ壬иͳһĳƺ۳档
ڹȥ۳沢ʲôʵΪȻ⼸۳棬رǾеĸ߼澫״̬񻯣۹ίԱغĳЩ۳С
ϾڸߵȼȺ׳ǲ䵥䵽Ϊ۳³ᱻЩ˷ľǹƻģҲֻЩλ£Ϧӵȳ塣

оȻֻ׳ӵȺĸ壬˹ȻϣչնԷ
ʵԶǲпġ
˹ĿĮ˿ĴȴڲԾطϵζ
԰׵ɢ׳Ϣرǿɱĵȼô죬ҲΣգɶԷϵζȴû̫ı䡣
ôС
ôѬˡ
ôһֻ׳壬ȺȻģȥʵҲֵͬ顣
ϾǶ˵Ҫл
ʵϿ˹벻ԼΪʲôӵ׳
ָ˶ԷһöңڸղŻе޴طѯʣϣǰֻС˵֮ǰڵȺ䡪ĻڷɴǰԼװʲôûвȺԱӻһ¶Է
˹Ҳֹڴˡ
磬ϵ硣
ӵƷǾԲᱻڲ֮ڵģǿ˹ϣڳ˵ߴ壬⣬ǿ˹ǰӵȸᱻ
û㲻ܵõӻ
ǶԷԸԼ廻ȡϣĸ˱ӻȻĻ³²оá
*
ʲô֣ߣ
˹ϣЦ׷ֻ׳档
ա֡
ĮĳУֻ׳ޱȱ׾ɬػش
׳ֱǵһο˵һ㣬Եޱϸ
޿ɷϵǣһ൱
ϣȻҲ˹ͬ뷨
վڿ˹ĽǶȣԿϣһĺʵ΢΢ſڻ֮µ¶һˣɫʼޡ
ϣܵ֡
˹Ŀֻϣĳһ㣬תߡ
ðɣûֻ۳뿴һֻ۳ĳ
˹Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôվȻֻΪֵ׳ϣָɪɪ
ܺ¡
˹Ըܵһ㣬ֵǣеһ΢İĽꡣ
һֻ̣׳һ
˹


4 
˹ൽԼ
ñĮϣ˵
ζ̫ˡ
˹ָϣɢϢ
ϣԿ˹˻˻һ
Ȼǳֻζ൱˵׳档
ιСһΣĲߣ
תͷЦЦؿ֡
ǿѯʣȴԼͷƤˡҲ֪ԼôģȷʵϣϸеϢϢгŸߵȼԳ׷ֵĿ̰

ϣǰ԰׵촽ʮּسҡҡͷ

Լ⡣
ϣѾܾöûôĵزˡ
Ϊֻ֪ô׳ܾʱ˹һԿŰɡ
ϣ֮㲻Ҫڡ
ϣñ֮ǰ䵭ࡣ
ֲΪĵֶһ£Ҳʱùŷ֣ǰḡľһߣȥȿ˹ҪԵɭ䡣
뿪ˡ
ʱ˹Ȼڡ
Ʋǰһֺϣ֮䡣
ڴȺĳڻҵ㣬ϣ֮ǰ޹ŰںڴȺԱ͡
˹һһһۡ
ע⵽˹Сϣɫ
û˸߹㣬˹̬ģĺܶġ
뿪ǰϣȻֿǣſ˹Ц˵
*
ĿǰԱڷɴصǰӳԱǲ˺Աġʱ䣬㽫Աܵң˹԰ֵʱӻ
ϣ뿪֮󣬿˹׳滹Ƕú
ϸֻÿ׳棬ڶݵĳĬ󣬸ʷǰŴ
ֻϧֻ׳ȻϣŻˡµõ˶ͣȥȻޱȿ־塣
˹üͷһθе˷ꡣ
ɲ֪Ϊʲô
*
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
˹뿪ǰƵİţһֱԱϸ۲ʶԼ֮ǰĵطȻǳҽҡȻڳսϲҵõһģһĴ
ڷһֱּȲضʪգžرĵ֮УѾ֪ˣʵϾǳҽƲգȻóĳƺСҡ
һֱҪܾԺֲŻ֪豸걸ĴսϣִﹹɵһƷʹȨҲ൱ģ˹ȷʵ̶ܸ߳ȵŴ
ʱ˿̵Ȼû˼ȥ̽İ߼ٵ⾿Ӻζ
ȫպϺ͵³һȻȱһ㼱ٵغ
Щ˾ȻԼδȫ׳棿
⵽ô£
ƴػ֮ǰ£أһ
ǰԼְµĳƺƺСںϡ
еĵεӿֵԺˣЩʱ¼ϣȷʵعоֻĸ̥кĸֳԡ
һƺǽĸеں顣Ȼ쿪õĽεʧܡ
̫Цˣô׾ͿԸĸںһ𣬳֮սӦҲͽˡ
ɹġ
ǸӦɾ˲Ŷԡ
ﲻϵذԼ˫ȴ̽Լ塣
𽥿ʼֻŵУԼıǳǳİݡ
ָ⴫Ĵֵĺޱȳءĸ̥Ĳкݡ
ĸУԳͼ׿Ƕ˻
ǳڵĳȴȻ
ôԳĸ׳коϿԶ϶ĸһųĸĳ𻯣תΪ٣ڲߵȳ֭
ǳĸе١
Ϊ֮⣬ǧ壬ûκһֻӵзıܡ
ҲΪʲôֻгĸſܴĸ߼Եʡ
ͨĳֻҪѲ£֮Ȼ뿪Ѩ
ĳ壬ֻܹԼƿ֮ԼֵܣȻǿģ׳һȻԻȻõĸ֭ͬΪȴᷢȫͬɱ䣬ǽΪĴڡǽµȷ޼᲻ݵĳ徫Ӣǿġ
Ȼǽóĸ࣬ͬࡣ
*
ⲻܡ
ڲѡ
ԼҪˡջǲòʵǵģо˼ʮں飬Ϊ֪ԭɹˡ
ڵ֡һֻ˰档
Уӵһ֣ǳĸ
*
֪׺ݡ
ڼʮǰսڣе²󶼻Ϊ˳泲аʵĿɲк
κһڡ
֪ͬǣĸǳе
Ϊ˱ȺеĻάȺȶkڲϵؽܸ۳ھ
ԼڳೣʶѧЩ֪ʶ˾޴Ŀֻ֮С
Ŷˣ֮ǰǲᵽΪĳЩԵʡԲŸⲻϲעĿģ
Ҳ˱ʱˡ
֮ԻԼĴڸУΪѾܹ˵׷󣬻˵ɧš
ʲôѧ޷͵Ļô־ԼǱʲô˸ˡ
ͬԵİĽ
յЩɧżУ˳ƪ빵˿ң٣֭Żĵ֡
ΪǷͬʱŴĿ룬ּҪλ̬ʲôϵ۵ġ
ֻϧȷʵʲôСģֻһӲģͬ׷󱶸ŵֱС
ǵģܿȥ̫񣬵ȷʵһͷβֱС
ôǿһ㣬Ǹȴǲϵظһһͷʹѵͬԡֶ֮ͬİûκӣȷʵܲǶֶš
Σֹ뵽Ҫ;úëθ
߾ְоֻᱣְⵥλΪԼڰֱѹˡүȴһѪڳĸ
ֻᱻߵȼ۳ֱӽص֮챻ѹʣµġȣѻ
һڳҧء
һ벻Ϊһ183౻ײеĳж˿ֱ̳븹ÿֲǱ˷ֲ

ʧʳ¯ĻѪĸԼҪܳһʱܽʵȻȴûǸ
ΪûãҾͱ˱˺ˡ
鷢ʱֻ˯
ڰΰУճҺֱӴҼеʹòûг̧ͷʱȴ֮ǰչǼֻС壬ǼǰĳӰ
ǼֻԵľ档
ҿʼΪֻҥԣû뵽⾹ȻģǹΰĿ˹ӳȻٹ˽ҵָôһֻӵƷ
ֺһֻ巢˴̶Ц
ֿǣڻع֮ǰѾԾرˡ
ĻŻǰЩﶼǡ塱Ѱɡ
ڵȴԼѾطֱĲͬ
ǰ⼸ֻȻȼۺʵȴôԶ翨˹ϣȲϡֻᵽζѣͷȴޱسֵԺ
ֵжûд
ǿг⼸ֻ壬ڡڴ̡Ϊ¼۹Ⱥ䣬ڴ԰ֵĹϵ൱ӡԵʿ֪˹һӵƷһöʱ˲ԼҵƵĻᡣ
ȺʵûκιϵⲢûֹĵù
ڴ̾ĳʿȤζؿ
һֻͦƯ׳桭ϾȻûп˹ǼһıǣǼһﻹôòȻء
ϴûбҲҪɱһ˹ô죿ǻװһΥ档
ɱǲеϧôƯ׳棬Ҫһ£滵ٰʬӸǸαӺˣ


ȻֵĺڴǸûϵĶ⡣ַǳʶʱرųĬͰһǵǰȺ塣СȥȻȴֻǼֻˡԵı־ǣǼֻʿֵ潥תһԭʼ̬
Ϊϴֻӵ˫ת˴зݣͻ֫
ɺĸ۹תţ׼֡
֣ô
ôȻͲرԭʼ̬
ϴЩֵֹһ䡣
Сһȷʵͦġ
˻˻һ
أסԼͬţԼֻС׳ǰ档
Ҳ޷סԼĿ־壬ʼؿΧͼԼһ·
Ȼһ˫ЦЦ۾
ϣ
֪ʲôʱѾּˣһֱڿֱڴ̱Ƶ·˵Ŀ

ม
ڷԼҽƲſڵ˫ֻأһ٬Ŀ
ϣӳ
֮ǰںзɷ緶ĺڴһϣȻ˳֫ȥޱȽӲ
ңֻǡ
һΪСĺڴ̳ͼͣĻȴϣɴشˡ
ûϵ
˵
ͱӵƷҲûʲô˻⣬𣿡
ֿԸоϣĿԼϡǸˣûдǼһеáϣĶԱ£񲢲ڳĿ˹ֱʹ
ֵĿʼϵ³ȥ
ȻΪ֮ǰܾϣǶĵġӻһǴԹˡ
*
٣Сʲô֣
õϣĬĺڴϴ˲ࡣӴμҪ˶¡
˻˻ֿĿðԵ쳣а䡣
Ҳ֪ʲôʱǿ׾ҧְĿпʼεδµճҺ
ͨ˵ֻ۳涥ǲ˵㣬ɶ֮ǰֻڽ̿Ͽ˵⻭ίʵڳˡ
һ

Ǳա
Ǹ⡣
ù괹ޱȼ尾
֮ǰʱȻǴԼıˣ߳棩ѹġɿƣҪĸǰĳӲӲпСˡ
ʵҪʵڲС͡
Ȼּѡһ̣һθܵϣעӡ
ʶ̧ͷֶ˸߼ٵߡ
˵ŸԼûϵĶӳ壬źڴ̶ٰȣȴſ뿪
֣
ͷ΢
*
һ룬ֱ۾źڴϴ󷢳һߺ

ȻȻźڴ̳Ǽޱȵͻ֫˹ȥ
Сĳ壬ڴ̳綾ļ̴еĻ̾ͻȥɡ
ǿµĻ沢ûг֣Ϊָ˸ӣζûµһ˲㱻ĳ˿Ӳؿڡ
ϣɹʱֱƷǼֻڴ̾棬׾ͰĳֻͶ·С׳
Ȼȹȣ̬ȴܲá

ϣ࣬ŭسֺ
ϣӳԼײҹġ
Ǽֻڴ̵ϴĵشԶֻǰ֫Ĵ̶۶ˣ۵ֱ£ʱæڡ
ڻãһڣֱײ̨ڡ
ϣԼ֪ԼΪʲô˱꣬ȻҲںֱӱǼֳɵɳϷй˳
Щԣzhengcaoĺڴֻ̳ߵȼ˺Ƭ
ȵǱͷĶӺֿıϣѾ΢΢۾̬״̬£ڼĳ᲻й¶ڳıϣ
Ӣȴų۾е¡
׳ֻմڴ̣Ҳ˲䱻ʴһŧˮϲ
ѾǼֻڴϷйŭˣʱϣֻ
ֻҧ촽ܾöû˵
ҽֻʣϣƵĶʱ
ֹ˺һϣǰֻ׳ؿ૵
ⲻ뿴𣿡
ֵͷŬϣԼ
ʲôʱˣ
ϣŭ
Щˡ۳ߵxŪ˵
ֻشúܿ졣
еľͳôϣһʱһ̣ϣЦӦ
ֻǱ˴߾;ˣӵȳ棬ֲ˶бӻǲ̫ˣǣòΪӲʹԲű֮ǰĲϳ
ϣһ˵һ٬ֵ°͡
ĺֻ׳ͷģ
ֻǣִʱʱػͿ˺
Ұ׵С׳ʪģų亹ûɵҺ
ֻߡ
ᡣ
֪ҺСǲܿƵġΨһܿƵֻԼ־塣ϣߣͫһƬţķԼΪ˵ߣôҾʲôûˡ
Ҳ
˵
ϣ
ϣһ񶾿̱ĳʱȴȫ˺һʶðˡ
֮ϣǿһԼ
ͣô£ˣ
ʡ
Ť˶Ǳġ
ûС۽Ѿʪˣȴô׾ӶӲػش
ʪˡ
ϣֵʶʱ򣬲ŷԼѾֱӿˡ
۵ġ
һһ䣬Ųӻش
˹Ҳ˵ɣԱ
Ŷ
ϣӦһ䡣
Ȼһֱ̣⧲УֱӱǰֻӰ໰ĳһ·ţ形Ӵ۸ӵڲͨ뵽һ俴ȥΪ߼ͷС
ţﻹһöȥͬ߼ҡ
ϣֱӰֶöҡУֻһֱ֡
Ҹ㣬ҪΪЩ׾ӵֶλʲôã㲻һֻӵ׳棬ǳҪǿ˹Ǽһ̫£ҹǱȥ߻ǱԵ
ȫҧ촽û
ֱ߼ǰգϣӰȫ⡣
ùȻȱһ㿪ʼֱӴ
ְԼؿڣԸоԼüֱܴؿضԼΪ֮ǰĹȽԾؿʼ
оȻԳҲã
һ߻ղŷһУһ߿Ʋסӯлһү
͸ղϣ˵ʲôҪʹֶΡʱΪֻѾϷˡ
ϾһϷͽţһžð亹񶼽Ӳ
Ǹ֮ǰһŪȥˡ
ллأϲɺء


5 
ڹ¶Ժġ
սô꣬ϵ˵ĸ䣬Ĺ¶ȱȽǡĲǲǸȴҲûˡ
˵ֲӵȨ޹еײ㡣
Ȼȴɹȡ˵һѧǣͬѧʱĵϰͬ£һ㹻ѹݵλ
ֻһͨˣӦû൱˵رסЩȨĴȣŬͷأȡΪˡǣȴǸģԶ鷳ʡ
ֵѧ˶൱ѡ
ʼǼ
ʼղ֪ΪʲôԼôòľܾԼѧͬѧ򹤵̵ϰ廹ͬ¡ô
ںüβ㱻˷Ƿ󣬵ʱʮдѧҧԼһѧڵĴǮһⲹϰࡣ
ֻȥֲ֮ŷϰͬѧﶼΪѧϰι󣬶Ҫȴǵصͬ׷󡣷һҵ˲ϰȥޱȷḻʦԼر󣨵ȻʱʦѧѣֵʦģΣȴޱͶζĿ⡣
Ŷԭ·ʦ˵ĻȻЦЦִһϡ
ѧϰһЩһ¾仰ɡ
õϺֱΪԼǱƭˡ
ôһԭȻѵεڶͱȡˣලС黹թƭ˵ϸϢ֮ˡ
һԭյЩϿȥʵûͷûԣ֪ơ
Щ֣νľ¼Ҳûκ߼ԣЩơҺֻѶѡ֪֪ЩġΪ֮εġˣѾŬˣʼղҡĪĻ
ʵһ㶼Щ̲Ļá
ƫƫʱһμͷʹ׷Ͷ·ھޱȱ׾Щ

Ȼϻؼңϵթƭʦ˺ܾãڼܹÿģҸ֡
жթƭʦ
*
ֿЩϣǿ˳ضȹڵһʣǼꡣ
û뵽ԭЩԳҲá
ʱֽ˸߼Уһ߻֣̿һڲ֪б۾
߼ҵЧȷʵ֮ǰͨҺֿ̫̫࣬ԸоԼ񱻽ˮ֮У޷ݵųнȥʼȡ

֪˶ãһ۾
ˣ
ϣǰһͷص
ԭסֵĸ߼ңһŸɱƤ˺ɢΧЩʪճҺҲӰ
ĵһAҡ
ϣûصԵɵɵ꣬еиЩ
˵ǼٵģҪ֪һضϣһ·ͳӹöңҲʹ˰ٷ֮ʮҵĻԡһΣȴֱõһöң
ʱϣ͵ı֮£һĨ˵ҡ
ϣִΪȼ̫̫أԲĵһöAҡôصƣǸ⣬ǿаֶöƾҽЩ۵ңһٴʱܴͷľֻ׳ݵ͵ʬˡ
Һá
Һûд⡣
Һһжü
Բ𡣡
ֲûвϣʱ΢顣
ɻ֪̿֡ܹһ߼¶ô۵ı飬Ҳµõһε൱
̾ͿʼǸ
Ҳǹġ
ʾеͷʪĺڷס˫
ϣĽǶȣֻܿԷ°ͣûʲôѪɫ촽
Ѿôãֻ׳濴ȥҲûԵø׳һЩǸһʱѵģ
û˸߹㣬ӵȳĵǸʵһĲֵ
ϣ˵еһꡣ
ҪҪǸĻ͸֪Ҫô
ߴĳĿֱض֣Ȼʶȥ
ʵʱҲûʲô뷨Ҳֻ׳촽һ࣬úߴ϶һɫôһСȴֵǱһ㣬ȻһȻΪֱӵ˵ϡ
ء
һʹĵֵĴ䲻ܿƵ˳
Լû뵽ǲСײ˱ѣΪʲôʹײ˶Ҳôʹɣ
ۿֻ׳浹ڵϣ˶ʹòԭҪƢϣ˽ִֻװֿʼ
Ǹʲôֲǳ򣬲һ±۳ɡ
ʱֵһӿס
ָֹоԼһԭԼϵĿɲŷϣָȻ顣
ı¶档
ǡ
ȻϣԼʹþˣȻΪʲôãϣȻЦ
ӺַԼûþΪϣȷʵۿɼ˵˶ޱȵ
ٸһλᣬĲõҵıӻ嶢֣Ŀȡ
ʲʲô
㿴Ϊҵġ۳桯㽫ԵõAҡϣûзĿѾȫȫճֵıϡ
ֻһöAҶѣƺ󡭡ĳѾʼˡ
һ¶׳棬ϣ촽Щơ
·С
ڽʽǰ׳ᾭһλ򳤻̵ġɱ䡱ǻ̬೯ųԭʼģʼı䣬ڼΪȺĲͬƤ֫ͻȹ̡
ΪĴžǳĳ֣һηĳͨûκʵԹܣǱΪᡱĳҪ۴ܶ࣬Ȼ׳𽥳죬䣬Ȼʽ𻯺תΪһֻĳ
Ȼ˵ھ¶ûκʵãٻЩڵģһֻǿϴĳ̬Ͼܿ
ǿʵɫ޵ĳԤʾ׳𻯺󽫳ΪΪ׺ĳɳ档
ճб׼ֵԳȻôʵ̫˱̫ˣֱ͸һȥޱȴ
ϣɣܹŵ𻯳ɳᣬ󵽵ܲķ
ǣΪʲôԤʾСӵȵһԳȴôƯأ
ڽ֮ǰϣζû뵽Լгһջһֻ۳ĳ
ô˱͸ڹ·ɫССȴɰϣҪǺڿеֳ嶯
Ȼûôֻ֣ظһ׳ĳ
ָ⴫ϣеޱ⣬˵ǸоͺˡΪɶײײǶ⻹Ҫˡ
ΪĳҲа
ֻǱֻӳһ¶ѣȴúиϸͨ˵磬ֱӴͷƤ鵽˺Ÿ
˶ɵˡ
òײԼ˰£ͱ֪ԼȻˡӵĳ򣿣
ȵȣĸӦó
ɫøͣľκˣҡҡ׹
ıϣУȻһζ
һȻҿԱ֤ҿṩ㹻ҡ
˵ȻԼرƭζ
Ȼֱӱɴ𣿣
ϣ룬ֻǲĵ׷ؼС
šҪ
*
ǲܵġ
ⱲӶܵġ
ֺԥնضϣҡͷ

ھܾʱװ
ϣ͵Цޱнʧ
ǰֻ׳棬ǳ
ϣ롣
ĺ֪ܲô֪𣿡
Ӳؿ֣˵
ֿʼ˶ȻһΣϣԼκ
ܾңΪʲôΪ˹
ϣԺиֳ֮ǰ뿨˹ദʱΣȻӦ˹Ҳ־ܾΪģǱֻʵĳӳ׹ƻˡ
룬ֱȫ
ϣĦԼĿѡôʣɭɭص
ϣ
ӦýҴˡϣӵƷûʸֱҵ֡
˵䣬ϣ֮ľԽԽ
Ȼ󡭡
ڸʲô
һ
ȻתͷȻ󣬱㿴Ϥ
˹վͷſڣڵͫУӳѾҪһˡ


6 
˹ɫ൱⡣
⵽˾еµĳ̶ȡ
ֻڶǿϱŷļɱ⣬ҵȫ½Ѫ嶼С
ֲȫӲҶһǣϣʱȴ˽Ȼ෴ķӦ
˹û˸߹㣬Ϊð𣿡
Զָһ۾Ϳ˿˹ʱŭŷԵɣǰֻ̬αٲȻΪϣΥԸֱӽߴҽ߲ڷͼǿȿ׳档
Ц
ϣĵ״Цſ˹ֿɱĶռ
һúԼʲôϵƵء뵽ϣûжڵκγ壬ԳЦţظӺסֵӰ
ҵνһԹֻۣСŻúܺء
ϣͷ뿨˹ţȻ˵
˹ͫϣ֮ǰѾתΪ˳еĴڸۡ
Ȼָ̧֣ѾΪԭʼ̬ļצӡ
һжúܿ죬ٶ˵ֻϣ˵ЩԵĻһ룬ѹϵĸߴͱƷ˳ȥ
˹ĶüֱһӰÿһιޱȾȷ
ǣϣսҲ
ʼһȷʵ·磬ǵֵ汻ĵĿ˹ôһ¡һѸٵؼֻԭƢʮֱĸߵȼ۳Ŀŭ
̬Ȼ˱ãһֻ׶ߣ̬÷Ŵ˼򱶵룬֩룬ԼجŻֵĳЩ֫ʻϳĻѪǰ
ϣ뿨˹ײһһ޳ǰ֫ȥʱ˴˵ͷ­
ǳ濰جΡ
ȻܹΪϣϼ˹սȷʵӹɵơ
һޱնսȻһ̶̬Ŀ˹סϣĲӣֱѹ˵ϡ
ϣﱬһ໰ڱĺɫ֮֫»ػָ̬ˣ˹Ȼ˵ϣá
ԭķѾһƬǽ壬ĳֻ׳վһС򡣳ĳ΢ĬڸղŵĴУ˹ϣܿ֡
һĳĬݵס˴ʱˡ
ٺˣҪȥǲеˣ
ֿǽϷɽѪͷֻ۳ϰ߲˺ۣĵ׾
ѾǵһСΪԼܣٴȻԼΡ
֡
Ȼ˿˹
˴ʱɤȥ֮ǰ΢ͳһЩ

˵
ʵڶ֮ǰ˹ѾϣĻԡ
ϵζܸɾûȾκϢ˵ϣѹʲôû
֪˹ǾֵǸоĶҲСˣյ඼ʼ
˹޷ּϣߡ
˹Ҫʶسķ
ҡ
ɾôѣԭѾϣȴ˲һαĳĴšַģԼȷʵϣĳԵڽгϸĺۼ
ĳùද˲͡
һĭ޴ضԭ

׳ϴһͰ͵޴Ϣ
˹Ĵ΢׽ſֵζ͸֮ǰһߵϢػĸ߼ķҡ
ô˵ڲִʱĽź󣬶ѾЩŭĿ˹侲
죬ϣ
˵ܷꡣ
ίѾ˹ֽѪ飬ӣǵǰ𣿡
ѪʱϣĶһ͡
ǰһﶯͦ졣
һȼ쳣ɭϵ磬ƶ˵ÿһֻӡ硱ĳ嶼ҪΪܵļ顣
ǰίᣬȫΪӦǡͥȫίԱᡱȺȴһȺ߼嶼ҪرܵĴڡЩֱĳ弸ÿһֻǳͷβĹó׷ףëã̿Լһ顣ǣΪ壬еʱ㲻ЩӾΪʲôᷢ裬ַںȻѪ˵ĳֻץлʣǽʱĳλȨصĳ彫ֱӻС
£㲻µġ
˹һתͷ㿴ɫҰ׵վԭأ۾úܴһܾŵӡ
ǱίͷŻ˰ɡ
˹룬е
ûµģѪֻһѣ㲻ú¡
˹˵ƽ
ûƭ֣ϾίٷҲֵȼͣüֱ׳Ϸ衣Ȼܲпᣬʵڳֵȼӵ׳棬鷳ļֵûС
˹˵̧֣ԭֻҪļ簲οһǰͰ͵꣬Ÿ̧֣Ϳʶһ㡣
ԱߵϣĿõһĻѪϸֳһĨ˸߲ҵЦ⡣
٣ŵ㣬١ȻббƳһ֣ҵСɰڷڣĳǺܽģղҲ΢һ£ȫˡ
ڳһ൱൱Ϊ
ֻǲһ£ϣȻֵڿ˹ǰǿһ¡
Ȼõؿ˿˹
һ˲䣬ϣñ˹׼̴Ǽ˿ڶûôˡ
û취ʵҲû뵽С־ȻԽ뷢ڣȵȣ֮һ㡭Ϊ֮ǰʹõĺܵӰɡ
˹û̫顣
öA֮ҵϻ㡣
˵
ȻϣǰȵǱҾȻģֻҪҴϣô㴦ҵļ¡Һܸл㿶ṩһö߼ңϣҪȥίˡ
˵꣬˹֡
߰ɣ֡
Ŀֱĳͣһ˲ȻѸٵת۾
ףֵļͷ
ȷĳڻЩܣҪñ˵ң֮ĳɳӰ졣
֡
*
뿪ϣĲңǰҵ·ϣ˹ֶܳĬ
ʵһֱ˹һ̫໰ˣֳĬӦģʱ˿̵ȴǸоЩЩ
֮ǰǸڵĻĶȻŴǿʴԵĶ֭һ˹ԼԺڱʲôš
׳ԵúܲԸ뿪ϣʱ˹ʶˡ
ͷɥ԰׵뿪ϣʱʲôû˵˹ȴ˫γ۾ƺ⡣
ΪöAңǱʲô̶һҹ֮䣬ԭ׽Լ׳棬ȴֻḡĳӲôŨС
һ뵽ֲĸо͸ˡ
ҲṩܶAҡ
˹
ôͬʱע⵽ֵĽŲԽԽԽԽ
Ĵѹѹ
ȷʵϣദĻѪϺһ㵽
˹޿̵ؿڵ
˵ʱʶԼ䣬Ӳ
ֱǸոиİɪǿʯһܰѻ׶Ѫ֡


7 
ʶ˹֮ǰڴһƬհ׵״̬С
ϸ˵״̬ӽڡѾҳһɶ벻
ӿ˹Ѫˡ͡ίᡱ⼸ʿʼ־Ѿˡ֪ܲѪͰίζʲôΪʮߺооԱֺպ֪ú
ѾǼʮǰˡȻͳսǳ屾ȴ൱õġƷԾڳ۹֮ɫش˽˶׬ǳ͵ȼԣζ˽ܹ㵽ġǳȫÿơ
ܳһʱǵⶼúܲ
ֱ֮սս׶Σһֻļ۸۵˾˵ĳ̶ȣɻԴȴԽԽѸ㵽
Ⱥ֪˵ǹ޴˵ŵ˽һ˵ĵӡֶΣֱֲһֻм彫Ȼ취屻ԼͬӪ˻ȥ
˽ϣܹΪڳġӡ
ƻӦ޷죬Ͼ˴Ժʶ࣬塱۴ĸ˵ǳͷβĳ塣
Ȼڻȥĵһ죬һϢ
ҪѪˡ
һֱڻɫش÷ˮԷΪ»ʵ۵˽õһġͥȫίԱ崫ݹİΪһDоԱʵҲûȨȫ֪ίʶݵôˣֻܿţţڽ¶ܾ࣬ΪǻЩ¡
ί˶ǹӣħ
־Ҫˡ
ɲԼֻɹ豸ĪںһǶ壬ܹ尲ίѪ顣
뵽Լ³Ŀǰľ֮УȻʶ˿˹ĲԾҪΪʲôֻı˵ˣô̶һСʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ĳùֱвϵΣķĿɲҲֻп˹ǿĶ
ѡȶ㣬ŷǳḻľ顣
ɲǣؼʱ̣Ψһ԰ȫϵȡƺ˲
ղſ˹˵ʲôš
ֶ˶˹ղ˵ҪԼͻظϣ顣
ʱһ¡
벻Ҫ˹ˣҺϣ֮䲢ֹϵȫƾܵؽһϣ˷ΪܵϮϣ·ʱҡ
սսذ췢鸴һ顣
˹ޱϻ̳ϿֵĽͣȭͷȴڲԾܽΪжĸˣ˹ھϵĹ൱أĳҲΪһӵȳܵϮ˹һֱʱ֪ҽ﷢һС
һǿҵŭȻ𣬶Ժڴ̵ÿ˹й¶ԭʼ̬һֻ̣ѷɴȺ޴ĺڴȫԸɾ
ʱֿй¶һСϸڣÿ˹סǹȵɱ¾
ϣˣôƺ
˹ɤƣȻʵ
̧ͷãȻؿǰЩ΢ĳ壬ΪʲôԷȻʳôûͷûԵĻ
ţǵģϣ˵ӵȳûʸֱ֡
Ŷ˹Ĵһ£ͣƬ̺µؿ˿ڣ˵Щƨ㻹ûȫ𻯣Ŀǰ˵жľƷ
ֿһ¡
ţֱӳƺΪ˹üӡˡ
ͷЩɫѱʮ͡
ǰ۳ֳϸֱӰ쵽𻯳ɳĵȼ֮ǰȺӦҲѹ£۳ֳϸӵϢ̫ǿңҲ̫ԣԭΪ߷ܵĳɹʣ׳Ӵֶ֮׽۳ϢؽڽԼڡֵ͡˵ûôǿ׳ɱʱ䡣
˹ЩӲؽ͵ȻҲνĽͲΪ֮ǰޱб⡣
ȷʵֱܵϣְ೹׻ٵ
ʵҲ˵ԭ͵͵ȼ׳һΪ˶ʱıӻԼΪĽ𻯺䣬ֻǵȼøȻֱ𻯺
ֻϧ۳֮ǰδơ⡱ΪǶλ˵üֱǱмĸ롣
ȻǺӲû¶ȵ
ȴû̫⡣
Լصľ޴ΣΨһܱġȡӲһͲʲô⡣
Ҫǡ

԰ףϸ׳ŲԽԽԽԽɴﴹͷͣ
˹
ԵĲ
˹Ϊ׳еļ¿ֻŶü
ôˣ̲סʵ
Բ𡣡

˹ԲʲôԲ˵㻹뵱ϣǼһ۳棿
˵ͬʱڵ˫һ˿ɱ⡣
ҡͷϣ޹أֻǡ˵Ҵû˵ЩΪҸûжȺļ䡣
ҧ촽Ǿ
Ҳ֪ҴҲ֪ҵĸȺ䣬Ҹͨ顣Ⱦһ˿ǻ㲻õҵ𻯣ҿܣ͵Ȳһ졣ԲӦ̹һģ̫ˡ
Ȼָû˵ʵ˵Լʱǰٷ֮ĵġ
ѾҪˣԾװװһУΪһ183ˣҲ׵׻ȥˡĳλùѾ۲쵽˹ڳеλͣһһܿſ˹㿪ǸѪ飿
һѪܾƨˣôô£˹Թһ취ɣ

ǣһСγĬֻ֮˹ȻʧЦ
ֻ
սսص˵ͷ
ߴĳ̲סֱ̧֣һ
Լף˹ȴԼ·Ҳ׳Ƕϸĳᡣ
ĳȷʵУѾѶŵôˣ˹ȴǸоĶһ¡˹ԼĶΪĲ
ԼǷõĳϴԡ
һסЩ궯ģ˹ǰŵ׳͵
һȺ鳤̫ˣǵ͵ȳ嶼׾·šǵĲӡȺ˻Ĩļ䡣㲻õĻ˶޷ͨѪ顣
˹һһ˵
Ѫ飬ֻʵѪֻҪûоͲκ⡣
ߴľ΢΢ǰ׳ɢ
Һܿ϶ϵϢܴûвκαӵϸ
˹ȷ
ۿֻģһŻֵ̿ģ˹ʾ֭ذο˶Է㿴˺󣬰ίỹѪĸȺ䣬ûмҲûйϵ㻹ǿ֪㾿
ǣǣ̫ˡ
ޱȸɬ˵
ܺãҲȷˣ˹Ҳû취ܹӱѪˡ
һһŽţɫҰ׵ظſ˹Űί߹ȥһ·ѾԼһÿֶҵޡ
̿еûע⵽ĸߴʣµһС·ϣʵһֱع۲
ƺѾһֻ꣬ж̶̼롣
ǵĿĵصˡ
λڷɴ֮ǰĲұĻԵɭɲǽں͵ذ嶼һɫʣȥĳǣ滹ܿЩ
ǶŻɬѶ£ĵӡŰίȫơ
ȻڳǸäȫһ֣Լgetֵ˼ԣдķǡͷ̨
µҲ׷˵ֿ
ͷҲһͷҲһ糬ֿŴžʹͷߣһ̣ͱ˹סˡ
֡
˹ؿֻСҪĴ壬۽üҶдŨŨľ⣬ɫǰ׵úһҪƵġ
ôСûϢģϵĳӦ˸еŶԣɿ˹֣ȴԼгӯĳּԳƵ顣
ʧˡ
ȻͺȻ
촽ֵľһ

ŲƺһԼƺʲôشˣһϸܵ͡ʲô֮ǰ˹Ѿֱ塣
ԼĿ·ƺʲôϸһĶٿȻ˿ǻ
ܱǸ㿴ȥ̫ˡҲίĶġ
˹֮ǰҪɳһЩΪһʹԼλڿǻ·ǸԵʡJʱ۳ͨǸܿԼǵĶעϢҺҺһ̶ȵѣͻãЧذ۳סԼĶ
ڹȥļʮĳδйµĳ۴ûù
ֱ졣
һ㣬ţһϢء͵һСûнСµ£עڵϢҺܿͻᱻл档ӦҲ㹻ˣЩڼʱ򣬲ҵϢŻΪҵġ۳桯ǲΪġ
ǰίҲļһֻ͵ȼ׳档
ֻ׳滹һֻߵȼ֡۳棬Ǿ͸Ӳˡ
˹ǵһֺŪί飬ΪŻ˻ҡ


8 
ֲ֪עϢҺһֻ˵ʲôֻ֪עϢҺһСƤȺģȻҲʼеΡ
лл
ּѵسǣǰĳл
ȻԼӵһ㡰԰֡ϢֻܹųӹίƲãô˵ȷʵǰϼȡ⡣
һˣ˹
૵˵ȻŲӣ߽ǼҡǿҲȥĵط
ڷǳǳ
ίĹδڻ˵ָκһż¡ҲϢҺ£־;鶼ЩңԶȻִŻ취Щɲķӵ֮ǰѡ˶ϡϾսپܱĿĥ̫ˡ
ִԼһǧһţ˹Ŀ
ĺú¡
һ̣ù࣬Ȼܵһǿҵϡ
ʶתͷߵķȥŷ֣֪ʲôʱ򣬼ҵһˣһ޳Ӱ
ίļ٣Ϣصˡ
־ʧע£һһİӰ˳ͷֱŵÿιȥˣڿϤʱȴһ
ѧ
ʶغ
ܿͷӦ˹ԣⲻʶǸˡ
ΪеǸǳ壬ɫĳɫǳ۾
ֵûһ˿顣
͸еĸ߼һ״̬µͬһƯ˹ϣüҪöࡣֱ˪ѩܶɵˣ˫ɫ۾ʱֱͯ߾ܽ˷ⶳõѩ
Ȼʵڸ֪Ǹ̫ˣֿʱȫƲסԼ

ɭ
ܶܶǰڻң󣬼ֱǴһǿʳı߾ǸУֵĻ
ʱֺòײŵõ˱߾еѧȻѧУŷ֣̬ҪƴԴܻȥĹ¶Ժ̫ࡣûκпĹ¶Ժֻ꣬ҪһСģͽΪʳײ㡣ֵȻԼڹ¶ԺļٸһЩǻۣ֪ɭ˵ʱ֪̾⽫뱧ϵġȡ
ѧУɭĵ
ǿͬģҲ쳣Į
ܹڱ߾˶ٶЩıܣ޴ĴͷڶϺɭ˫ʱҲ᲻ز
ܾһСľͻᱻɱ
ڲ֣ЩԼҫС˵
ԣšʱᱻɱֳźɭ˹ȥϾ˵ܵõɭıӻڸе²õȥ
ʵ뿴ֺúɭķʽҲܱ׾޷Ǿôô˼һ򹷡
ʱɭߵҲû־ϸڣκЩ˶ûֺƤ˵ΨֶźɭӲ꣺Ѫ꣬Ϊ˺ɭˮǹ
ţĵǹ
ܰ˴ǹ
ʱѾеѧ꣬ѧĩڣУʵؿԷڴѧѧռȲ͡
ƤظźɭμͬһУʵ
ðɣóϵǣֵʱȷʵеĲʱѾԼԼоɭݲͣУʱ򶼶ϹϾģںɭǺúˢˢøжȣһûָҪװĺѧԼһѡ
ԵöӵʱֱӾ˹ȥںɭǰˡ
Ϊʵϰõװε˭֪ǾȻģ
öӵؿںһԼ˿ѪʱֲȻӦԭǺɭλߵˣһ鷳ǲǸ֮ССְ
˿ԽԽʹ
ѪҲԽԽࡣ
忪ʼϱ䣬ʱΪԼһˡΪǸʱǸԶ˪꣬ȴɫҵֶڶ

ˡ
Խǿɭľʧ룬ԽǾԼ군ȻǸ۾ҲôĿ⡣
֮Ҳƣֵʱκģźɭ˵˺öеûġ
ʲôúɭҪÿһϰ׾Ͳ߲ݲԷθá
ʲôƽʱҲҪЦһЦȻ֪ĵˣϢôĮ˶ԺôŮѡ
ʲôԲԼ˽úɭ˵˵ѾһˣֻܾЩѸ׷ߣû뵽ɭҲ˻ˡ

ֶ֪Լ˵Щʲô
һգһ
ʱͷԼȻûǵĳ˽ҽԺĳ߼
öӵѾȡˣҲ֪ɭ׶ĸ߼豸֮ؿǸλεĴ󶴣ȴֻʣһǳǳĺӡ
ϸҲϴʱˮһ壬¶һĨɫ
Ϊһֵɭ˼ԼλСǶôĹԺ󣬶ָɫ
ȻͬΪһε¹ʣַѹ
еĴܱ
еĴȱȥһСɨ̨β㲻û
ɭʣںһȡ
ֵϣ·
үƺҲֵľһĴѧѧԣֺͺɭֵ˲ͬĿ
ֱǰɭ˵ȿڱ߾Ƕ
ƺϲ
괹йԣ˵
ѧڼ䣬ס
ƳһۺɭĹԣ߾ѧĲ
ĬһŸɰͰЦ˵̫ôֿԼһˣ
ȻȿԳɼϢɿظѧѡȥ˵һǴѧ
ѹûڱ߾ǡ
鵱ȻǷǳصģҲͺɭֵ÷ǳ졣
׼ȷ˵Ƿǳҡ
׼ǴǰһʱֱɭֱӶ˵Ǵ
ԷϽһֻ̣ΪԼᱻɭֱӸɵϾǸ˷۾ĿôֲԼŵһѪζʱּҪΪԼ˵Ѿʲôذͱֻûоѡ
ҺãҺá
󣬺ɭˡ
Ҫٿ㣬֡
Ȼеı飬ֵĿ⣬·ڿһʬ塣
ûκŵɪɪ˵
ȻǸкɭˣҲûгֵ
ֱ죬ȴڳľϣŸɭһģһ
Ҳ֪ΪԷǰίԱΪֻ߽УĪַǳǳԤС
÷ɪ˹ˡ
ʱ򣬼ƷɫĮİίԱҲ˼ҡǶ޶ãȴޱȹسšɭ
Ϣ׼ˡ
˵һԱƳһ֡
ǽܿ촦ճϣûдŵϢ
ľȻȴ˿־塣
Ϊίĸ߼٣÷ɪ˹ѹͲӦóѵǵĹʲô©λ˵ע⣿˵
ѪҵǺþûдֻˡ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹Į
ôˣɡ
˵
ʵ̫ƽͬΪί壬Ҳ޷ֱ棬侲ĴֻҪҵ´򷢵ʱ䣬ǷʲôҪٷ֧
ԭ÷ɪ˹һڣǾͲκ顣


9 
Ӻһ±Ƶر

ΪѪˡƽʱҽԺһڼԱЩ̽ͷɨһɨ
ʵϵѪˡ󣬽в϶˱Ľװõ¶ڰգǰվһɫĮϢ˵ĸ߼١ߵɫʱĳùǻһԼʱᱻǰʵĿ´
־Լģֱĳֱ걾ͱ˵ﾭֺ걾֮ȫ׸
װù̶ڰգĵطûУ޴ֻɫҰ׾ʧؿ÷ɪ˹һһԼ
ֵע£÷ɪ˹̧֣ĶֵأϸָһתΪԭʼ̬е⡣
֫ļֵϡǳļךȵƤʱȴֽƵıС޴ѹҪּгǿϵöȴеǻ
ֻܴȵغȻ󣬿־ر۾
һ룬ֵؿһ

ַһƺߣȾ֮£۽ǲᡣ
ˡ
˻ţԼĶ
ǡ
һƬУƺһܵЦ
ȵȣǺʹ
һ־ϲ۾Ϊˣ⧲÷ɪ˹ߵɫ۾
ͫɫþǼı͸ż⣬֮⣬֮ƺ̺һЩӸӣԻС
ٲûֱ˺ֵͳʲôĿһУֻǵָ⽫˹ĳֻ׳Ǽˡ
Ȼʧȥһ㼦Ƥ񣬼ڽ²Ծ΢΢ȱյµĲ԰ƤϽһΪ亹ʪ
źһκ˳ֵ°͵ֵϣȻ겻䣬󻬹Եؿڡ
÷ɪ˹۽ޣĿֵֻؿͣһ˲
¼ƽضĳ˵δȺӡǡԵεĽޡ
ͣһ£
̽鵽۳ϢϢԴϢҺԲ԰Ⱥ䡣
¼ĳͷĴѹúܵͣһǳ¶Ľš
¼ݵĶȴѸ١
ŽֵװֹĻ÷ɪ˹һӵݺϢ̫ԼԸоǸԼйصġ
Ѫ
÷ɪ˹ĮȻ̬뿰Ȼһļ鷽ʽԭڲ֪зɾѪ˽˶ѵʱ÷ɪ˹ȴȻصǰվ
˵һתΪ˳֫һ룬һʹϮ֡
ԭۿٿȻ£÷ɪ˹ֱϡߴĮĳȴǺָѾֵؿڣʲô˳˿ֵƤ²㡣
ֿԸоԼؿƺ΢΢ȣ޷ͷȻҲ޷֪ԼϾʲôһȷӦ¼ĳ壬ڿؿʱԵ쳣ȡ
÷ɪ˹ˣǡ
¼ѪٻȷϸøѪдиȺǡ÷ɪ˹ƽؿؿڻֳ·ͫ΢΢ϸСһ㣬ñǿ֤ȺΪ¶ΪѪᡯͳȺ䡣
Ⱥ䣿
¶
͡ʹӣ

ʲôʲô
÷ɪ˹ĻãĺܵԼȻҲޱȹ÷ɪ˹ĻȻЩʵܶϳһӣΪոճΪ࣬ͷԡֻԼоƺе㲻̫Ϊ÷ɪ˹Ļ֮󣬼ƺе̬΢
ҪܾԺֲĹŹ־Ӻζ
÷ɪ˹ڡѪᡱǽĸߵȼȺ䣬ǿȺ֮£дĸȺ䡣νĸȺ䡭˵ǸСȺΪ˵õߵȼıӻԸΪǵū͡
磬ǴſԳ֮Ϊū
˳磬ǱͳΪͳ桱
Ȼڳ۹ͳ桱ȺʤϾһٲп᲻磬ԼǿȥĻֻܲķ
Ȼеġͳ桱УһȺȴ൱⣬Ǿǡ¶
Լ۳䵱ߵȼȺڻͳ治һ¶ڻҺͿʸûС¶ǿ׳ĳɳ壬ǰòһСһ˷ǳرʽǻڳһҺ壬һ֭Ķι塣ھ˵ǵ֭ɿڣҲ֭ΪȡıӻҲǵȺ䡰¶ʵϣЩ彻ӻСĳƺ۳桱ԭҲרǵġ
¶ˣǶʢߵȼġѪᡱ
¶ʼֹڼѡڼʮǰսУϮѾ
ڣ˹УȻִоķһһֻŵġ¶
г˲䰲
÷ɪ˹ĿǰпܵõλõѪᣬĳ̶ֳ˵ֻǷǳպõؼԼĶȻûѣûʸ顣
ǣֻ¶ǿ˹ġ
ƺֻ÷ɪ˹һκϵı仯
֪ͨ˹԰֡ӽ׳ȨתƵ
仰Ǽ¼֮һЩŵػζŴǣҲЩ
÷ɪ˹ˣֻ׳зǳԵĲ԰ֵϢǿ˹˵۳棬ҪûȨĻ»ԷĿ顣ǵڸ԰Ѱ¡ҲԺ飿
˵ɬ
ڿؿöڡѪᡱӡǺ֪ú⣺ǹڲ԰ֵϢʵ̫ŨˣŨ˶ŵóϢ˶ֻ۳ӵжôǿҵĶռ÷ɪ˹ҪȨΪȻǶȡһֻǿ۳۳棬Ǻ׼Ⱥ֮Ħġ
Ŷ𣿡
ĳ嵭ȻشԼ
ȣֻ׳沢ǿ˹۳档˵÷ɪ˹űϺȻֳһ˿Цȥ֮ǰҪԵÿֲֻ࣬עϢҺܵõһֻ۳Ļ
˵䣬÷ɪ˹Ȼĵתͷ
ϳߵһ˲䣬ֲֹͣ

ĺܲ
ԸоʲôǳƺҪˡ
ŵüҪ޳ѸٵصԼı顣
۾׾ͿȾһʪ⡣沿⣬Ҫ۵ףԵÿ޹Щ׽
־÷ɪ˹ȻԷһֻ壬ȷʵĺɭ̫ˡʱʵҲ벻ֻ̫࣬ϰԵõɭķʽΪ÷ɪ˹ĳ塣
ʼ֮ԿԿǸ˪꣬ľÿڶԷЩʱ¶һɵȫȻ޺Ȼ֪ԭ򣬿ÿһζЧǵģֻŶԷѣɭĪԼŭ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹󣬳Ķƺ˶١
ͷʱһɡ
˫峺۾ܶǰĺɭصһ
Ĵ
ôһ˲䣬ԼֿɭЩĵ
֡
롣
֪ԼԭǵúѧʱıѾôˡ

ȻڴʱΪԼСһЧһ̣÷ɪ˹ȴٿȻ̧֡ߴļ٣Բ̫һĴ³ʽһץסͷʹֻ׳¶ǸϸĲ
Ȼĸ߼۳ͷһҧֵľ䴦
Ѫӿ˳
ֵҲͣ
ԳʱӦʹС
ʹ
ĺʹ
ֻԼĶѾǰֻĵĳҧˡĶֱֿظоԷĿֱӴ̴˺Ѫġ˵֮ǰֳĿЩĳɷֵĻʱȥĺܿˡ
һѣƯ΢΢Ťʪˮ⣬亹Լᡣ
Ѫ־˿ð嶼Ѫ졣
ԼҪιȥ꣬÷ɪ˹ɫȴ쳣ƽȥ֮ǰҪԵࡣ
ҲĻҲҵ۳ˡ
һǿҵģڡѪᡱ÷ɪ˹ϢϢڼǹϢŨң˵׾پͿԽ˹СڵϢѹȥڼڵֻ壬ڸߵȼǴǿҹԵϢ£Ʋסؿʼս롣
ٶЩ忴ȥ൱Ǳû취ԴѪǸ޷ֿ÷ɪ˹ĸߵȼ塣
÷ɪ˹Ը⣬ֱӰѼеĳ嶼Լ֡
ллأ÷ɪ˹ƺ
ֹܿͣ˶Լǵĥ
ڣǿȥ֪ͨ˹԰ˡ
ĳޱ·ָ


10 
÷ɪ˹ǰκһֻλ˵ķԸ
װϵֱεģʱҲֻǿ񱣳ѡССЩȥʮָߴ͵ĳΨΨŵŵƨ·뿪˼ҡ
ûڴµĵͼ塣
ϾҶǳ壬÷ɪ˹ֻ¶ϵϢѾ˵̫ࡣǿҵĿͶռʲôġȿȣ÷ɪ˹ֻµֵ׳ʲôлٶ˵²⡣ҲʮʶȤ˳أ»ŵֻδѪġȤ
ܿ죬տɭİίֻʣ۵ֱĵù࣬Լ÷ɪ˹
һƬ
εѹϡ
÷ɪ˹˹ػص˼װǰֿ˺ܾá
ֻöԷĿʵʣϵʱ򣬴ʹƵĴʼеԼղûнʹôιȥˣϾʱ÷ɪ˹ӵĿ⣬ļвĳ̶ȡ
ܾһԼҪˡ
쳣ظܵһɱ⡣
ҲΪ÷ɪ˹ڿã̧һ˲䣬ʶر۾
Ŀ״̬
ϵǣһϵģȴǳû˿ķԸ÷ɪ˹ﴥԴӰ͸зԶе۲࣬ͬװһƹܣķԶֿȥʵڱĻе۶̫ˣǶ붼ɫģһ鲼ϸС̣һ࿴ȥȴ⻬ˮ
ֱЩʪĴִװȡϵȦȡʱ͵ؿһͿʼڴڵش˴ŵʹһںôֱϢ
ʱǼдڸеͶ˹
̧ͷ÷ɪ˹ɫ۾
һûסɪһ£ʵǸղ÷ɪ˹ҧһ̫ˣ۵ֶӰˡ
÷ɪ˹û
ֻλߵֻվڿ֣ǵĮؿڷ˵ڶָ
ִСѪᡯȺ˽ԶЭ顪ֻ¶ذί𣬰õصΪҵ˽˲ң趨ΪAתȨڼ䣬κγ֮ĳ忿
֮÷ɪ˹ת
⿴ı֣ľֻһݱѪᲿ»յѰʲڴ깫º÷ɪ˹ʧȥ˶Ȥ뿪
ȻŸߴĮıӰȴȻӷֵİΧ
ҴϣӦ÷ɪ˹Ǹˣʱȴޱȼеسų׷˹ȥ
ȵȡ
΢غǰɻû÷ɪ˹Ϊʹʧȥƽ⣬һֱֱŵϵȥ
ȻײӲĻ
÷ɪ˹֣һ
ѧ
̧ͷűȼлҪߴˣૺ
̣Ρ
ⲻϴϴݶ÷ɪ˹塣
ҪסһߵȼԳϢҺͱȻҪעŨǿϢأŨȵϢҺ룬øһưѣͻ״̬
÷ɪ˹Ȼ״̬֮С
Ѿ־ˣȻĻҲôֵΪ
Ͼĳ÷ɪ˹붢ţȷŵüУֱӹ
Ҫ֪÷ɪ˹һѪᣬѪԶʱڣһֱΪʳ塣
Щ꣬ȺѾ½½˺üѪʧصĸ塣ΪƲסеʳϮ塭ЩʧظȻˣǱЩѪɵĳȴΪֵ
ƫƫֵϢ˵
úһ̵
÷ɪ˹ͫԽԽϸĿҲԽԽ׺
ֻôһ޴ģΪ˱ƽ⣬˫ֱץͦʵƷǰ󡪡ǺܶǰÿС䵽ɭʱʶ
ĺɭȻޱ飬ȴǻȵعסֵ
ɴʱĳ÷ɪ˹ֻͷ֣ĮȻ
ѧҴˣҲܺòá
㱵˵Եôš
÷ɪ˹쳣ɭȻش֡
һҲ֪㾿ʲô
˵
ڶӦԼݡҵͳ棬Ψһĳƺǡˡ

÷ɪ˹̧֣סֵ°͡
˹һףûκáⱲģ֡ӣѪɦŪ˵Ķ׾ӵֶΣҪҡ˵֡
˵䣬÷ɪ˹ǿ¶ԼЩԭʼ̬
ò˵Ư̬γԱȣ÷ɪ˹ԭʼȷʵ൱ֲ
رΪʲô¶ˡ
£÷ɪ˹ָ˪ؿ֣ƺڵȴ¶Ŀ־ɫ
ȻֵɫҲעԽԽס
Ȼ󡭡
ˡ
ϸģǿֺζ΢΢ϵĴ
Ϊ߳ܣβһ˿
÷ɪ˹ͫȻ
һ˲Ľ̾ͱ֪ˣֵԼ߳ģֺһ
֪ˣˡ
˵꣬ģæҵش÷ɪ˹Ļ˳ȥ
ž˿ڣҡҡ׹˺ü
ûСûй˭Ҹղž˿ڱһûվȣġ
ΪϵѪ쳣԰׵ɫĳλڿȥĺܿ
ԼӣԵø
÷ɪ˹ֿһţȫͷٸСĳӹͨһ㣬ֱ̧֣ӰƸǼ֡
ˡ
ĳԸ
ţҲû֣һת뿪˼ҡ
Ǽְ˼Ͻлơ
÷ɪ˹ҧ˿ʼľʹѾתΪһľ͡
Ҳ֪ǲΪͬʱӵ۳ϢҺ÷ɪ˹һӦеѣãһֱڲſʼá
ֵҰЩģ첽ȥıӰһĭ
ӦáӦûʲô̫˰ɡ
ĵƴذԼ
÷ɪ˹зӦһĳ塣
Ҳûгϡѧƺ
ȻּȻܶŸߵȼ˵ϢȥȻֱӵ˼һģеġ
ţ÷ɪ˹Ӧþѧ
ĳ岻֪飬ȴޱԼѹνġ¶
ͬģҲţΪܹôĸߵȼίԱ÷ɪ˹ǵûԼǳǶ塣
ȷʵĪͱһ˵ġͳ桱ҪӲͷƤˡˡʲôǺ߳ܣ΢һ¾֪ȫǸֱõġ
ϾһΪѪᡱƷҲоȺ䣬гʲô۳桭
Ȼ֪ټʱԷѾ˳ͷβĳ壬ǣȵֶΣѧһģһݣô룬÷ɪ˹Ǻɭ
ԷѧĻ٣ԼʱӦǲᱻɵġɣ
ӿѣŬ֯˼·
ͺɭֿʱȷʵֵúѿղԼˤʱԷҲûֲܡҲô⣿
ֻҪ̬ٷŵһ㣬˵ûѧӦûǻԭԼġ
ĻӦǿ취ġ
ѧڳҲȵԭԼˣͰѧԼɡ
õĻ˵Ըϵϸȵļء
ٺ٣ȡ
š

ȷ÷ɪ˹Ǻɭ󣬱ΪԼ˵֣ڳ׵طȻر۾һƬĻ֮С
лҪ˵
С֣Ϊ˻˵ˣеУ
С֣ʱƣ졣
С÷


11 
Ҳͬ⡣
ᣬ׳ڳȻԼ˪˵
÷ɪ˹ѪᣬֱҹϽΧ֮µ׳壬Υġ
˹쳣Ӳ˵ʱβȾ˻˻ĳĳ˵״ԳƵʧ̬ˡ
˹ˣ
ȿȣ˹ˣ侲һ㣬ֻһֻӵ׳ѡ
ǰֻ׳滹һֻ¶ѪȺ佫ջȥ˵һ£
ҪŪô˹ˣ̫ˣ

彫Ŀ˿˹ϣٶΪ˹˼ҵķӦе˲졣ǿЦŴԲȻº͵ĺɫȴûȰ˵侲
Ա˹΢ЩԵķŭ÷ɪ˹ȥȴ൱ƽ
̧֣÷ɪ˹˸ơ
Ϳ˹Уġ
˵
ȻĺܵѪͲ԰֮ĪĶ廹ǲڿг˻ҩζϢأֻǵ˳˷䣬Ҷ˿˹÷ɪ˹
÷ɪ˹ڷ˿䣬΢΢ëһشǻζһ¡
ˡֱԣ˹УķӦЩڼˣҺΪʲôΪһֻ۳桭ҵ˼ǣһֻƽ׳˳ԡ
ûжԣֻǡ
˵һ룬˹ɫ΢ס촽
ðɣȷʵͳѪѾҵ£ҲӦþǿд
˹Ӳ˵
Ȼ˵ģûзֵġ۳桱ݣָͲ۳档
ڿ˹µһ̣ԭһĮȻͫһ΢⡣˹ֱߵƺһ˲÷ǳ⡣
Ц÷ɪ˹̬Ȼñ䣬ûһ˿ε䳰ȷϢҺע׳αװ۳ݡ˹УʲôʱҲʼ˷ЦСˡ
ɫͫڳϣ÷ɪ˹ſ˹񣬼ֱǽвǰ顣
׾ӡ
÷ɪ˹ɴظۡ
ԼʹõС˹ĵЩ졣
ҡȷʵҵ۳档ǣȻҵΡ˹˵
÷ɪ˹üͷɫӡ
Ŷô֪԰ôһ˵Ⱥ֮ദҲûжðɣȻ
ɭȻ˵
ҵΡҴȳģĵȼҼҲȺ鳤ϴˣʲôܳΪϸġͳ桯
ʺΣ˹Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼһ¾
ʱֿȥŵÿˣԼȴôĵŵ˵ѪѹͲκ⣬ܿ־ͻصߡ
ʳˡ
ӦѾ֪һȺūǸ꣬ҲǳֻŰɡһ뵽˹;ؿƵģµ÷ǳܡ
ѪᲿͲȱͳ棬ҽһֻ¶ҲڷܳȺ˶񣬿˹ǿѹŭ÷ɪ˹˵ң˹԰֣ԸİϢϣ㻻ȡֵС
Ҿܾ
÷ɪ˹ûеȵ˹ѻ˵ꡣ
˵Ļÿ˹ϢرǿӲ䡣
¶ķ˲Ҫģ˹Уʲôʸ˵أҵϢûдĻһλֵѾ˱ԵҲ˵µ֮ѡϾҪʼˡ
÷ɪ˹ָû棬
ôΣյ״̬£Ϊֻܺĵؽ㣬Ҫ˷ʱˡ취
㡪
Լǿһ飬¶βȺ伸Ѫū档
÷ɪ˹ʩʩȻת뿪ǰƫͷƳһɫȻ԰׵Ŀ˹
ҵġ
ĳһһ˵

ꡪꡪ
֫ھȵĵذϣ˲
˹һһڻԼָҵ·ϣɫȴΪˡðɣӦ˵ڿȥǳˡ
ҵġ
÷ɪ˹ĵκδǣ˹ȴԼһֱȶľȻΪǾ仰һ㲻ȵļ־Ĳȶάֲס̬Ϊ˰˰ģ
ʮ˹ѾܾöûôǱˡ
һжΪ
ȻԸϣǣ˹ȷʵ÷ɪ˹ᵽ˷ǳʵϢֻҪŹһΣҲܴϵζ˿˿ģ˾۶֭ģֵϢ
ÿ˹еŭǣֵζѾ÷ɪ˹еϢػһ
ϵϢѱ÷ɪ˹ǿ̰ζȫĨȥ
˹ǳѪﵽʲôŻ÷ɪ˹ôһ׳ϢҡС
ƫƫѪȺȷʵӵж¶Ȩ
ԣ־¶Ҳ÷ɪ˹ȷʵֱӵͼĻ˵
Ŷ˹ˣڵ״̬ȥҲ̫˵㡣
һ˫ֻؿȹսǴǽϣתͷϿ˹ʱЦ˵
۾ȴһЦⶼûС
ϣ
˹Ųһ١
ϣüֱضſ˹
˵ˣ
¶¶һֱѪͳ桭
ΪʲôûаֻСѾûõ̶ֳ𣿡
ϣ쳣̱
˹һһ취ģֻܻķһʱ䣬õĻǻǿֻġ
ϣЦһ
ÿһ㡣
˵
֪ΪʲôѪͳô࣬ȴֻ¶
ϣһйҪ¡
ΪȺѪ¶س񫣬ȺӵĻȱݣ޷ֿǸۡϣԹԵ˵ȥ
ǲֻ֪򶼲Ÿճӵȳ÷ɪ˹Ǹ»أֻףһ㱻ɰɡ
ϣԳЦţָؿ˿˹һۣȻȻ뿪
Ըоõ˹λ¶ʧˡ
ʵϣϣԼľҲܲȶ
ĺ֡
ϣ롣
һֻƼˮӵȳѡ
˷һö߼Ҷѡ

ӦΪֻС뿪κġʵȴǣϣ÷ǳˬ
ˬҪըˡ
һߣ˹վԭغܾú󣬲б飬һ·ɢص˰칫ҡ
ڰ칫һһ
¶һͳȺ䣬ǵ۶ⱲӶĸͨ˵Ҳ൱ջܶ˶ΪӽڳĸȺ䣬Ͼǵ̬Ͳ۵Ĺܣĸʮơ
Ѫ¶Щ¶ĥһϢĴţ˹Ҳǵһ֮ǰһЦ֮⴫ŶѪȺ⣬ܿȺѪȺġ
һΣϣЩ󣬿˹ȴԼڵⶼǳǳĲ
δ˶ĹѪȺ䡣

˹ͷԼüġ
䣬Ҳ֪Ǹǰ÷ɪ˹ѪᣬĵԼ
գޱؿ˽ȨޣͨһѶͨ
Ļһͷܿͳһİ᫵Ӱӡ
¡
˹΢΢ʮֹԷһ
Ŷ˹Ѿ˵˺ܶˣǰ㲻
Ļͷ˷ǳº͵ɿ˹ȻԭеƣҶĽӲѡ񣬴һֲָѪıܡ
ѾܾöûùƵϵˣңʲô˹
ΪĳʵԳƵƽ⣬Ķˡ
˹ʹͷ­оһκˮ˳Ŷǣ䡣
Ҫ÷ɪ˹Ѫһֻȼܵ͵¶׳Ҫ
ڷƣϹϾ˵
¶ѪͳȺ䡭ֻѰˡ
ֻ
˹󣬰ԵЩԻ
ǵģֻ
˹С˵
ֻ׳¹ŵҪʵԼŵԡЩҵؽ͵
ðɣװĿ˹ôһȻ㡣
˵
Ϊۡ
ҽ׳ҵ
˹Ӧ
ĻϵĺӰζһ£ȥϡһҡͷĶ
Ŷô࣬˹ֻһֻСС¶ѡɣһһҪӦ׷ɱʱǵڵһιʱ΢ҷŷˮͺ
£
˹ޱȲطʵ
Ӧñκ˶ϣ԰ζ׷ɱġ
Ȼһ룬˹Ц
ֻǿЦġ˹һģġ
Ͼϲͳ氡


12 
žΪڻǰѧӦý÷ɪ˹ҧһںݵģܵô̼̫ڻ֮ҲûеõϢֱӾε˶ǰڱ߾ʱɭϦദǶӡ
ʲô
ᣬĮ꿴̨ϼ£ȻֲŸոãɭֱִֵײ˷ۺɫŷ⡣

۾źɭָŷ⣬ɫЩӲΪĸŷ糱գֹϵֶڱ߾ƧҲȻɭȥȴĲ֪ʲôƵģ΢΢üĿضŷ⡣

ص
ŷϸŵʵͦġ
ֹһȻΪɭܳСܣҲܳԷԼϴжϡ
ǺǣǰҲúó
ɰͰ͵Ӧ͵
֪㶪ˣɰп࣬˵ʼյ˵ĸ׻¶ԺеܳĻôһϵеɧţѾ֮ˡ
յʱٵģκεʱպϿûҵᣬ¿κּææҺɭˢøУʱѾɭˡ
ǣɭ˵ŷȥеĸȤֻûüֹͿԷֱ˺ŷ⣬ֽ
ѧûʲôÿģͷһЩĵġ
ӲͷƤ뿪ڽջŷﴫ˵ĴƵʹŷġֽõһһȫϢӰŷ֮ȻͷݳĲѾϤĸ׻Ǹֱ֪׵ı
ĵһҾ֪ˮһܶ࡭
ҰɾòãһһΣȫɾ

Էû¶Լ¶ĺ͸¶Ķ¶˳˵ЩԻʱǺܻظԼĳһд
ֿ൱Ļ棬΢΢һ
Щ̫ΪʲôȻﶼôСˣԷҪĳϾдҲܿʵС
תһ룬ԷҲ֪һԹû¶
ۡ
ȻûסЦ˳
һϣȻһαȾ۾ͶĻкɭ
ԲҲû뵽
Ľ
ðɣóΪϴĺɭ˾ǸװѸ㣬һ棬ദ֮־úɭĳЩʵ൱൱ࣿ
Ҳ֪ԼСͷѧУ֪ŻᱻЦ֣ȻҪάɭִڵġࡱ
ǵֺɭҲǸ̬ġšе㲻
ȷԼ޷ǾɽʳҰ˳ԸܵʳﶼӦõġǺɭĲ̫һ˾͸ǷھﱻСĿ˵ĴʯƯҫӦմһǰࡣ
Ĳúɭ߸ϵĴڿۻֶĵĶ
뵽æҾӺɭûǷţ̶˲䣬ġֽѾںɭ֮仯Ϊ촷ۡ
Ǹ¶̬ӰȻʧΪĲȣֽʱֱˤ˺ɭ
ʶק˺ɭ½һȻҲɭһȻļ⡣
ġ
ȻԼϴĵ

ǰɬ¶Ϊɭ֣ؿ΢ؽһ˲
֣ڲҰױĲȻ۾

壬һֻʶظһԼľࡣ
֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ҧ۵ľѾƽ࣬Ȼѱ޸ϣֻв΢΢ù࣬и߼۳ϢҺĴڡ
־ػԼΧĻһͷǽں͵ذõȻǽĳӲϣ͸͸ı㣬Կ·ŤѵĻ·Ҳ֪ǲǴ䷿ֵĸоرűĪ͸һֺѧڳҲǺܺõĸо
ǽϻֲżöɫԲαĤȥӦͨġšֲû̫ȥв̽
ԼĵطһȻַԼϺͽ϶һ㶫
һЩȦ
ϸ˵ЩȦͦÿģ׺ϸСָʾƿȥǲͬɫıʯԲ𣬱಻ȥˣôô
ֿԼϽϵɫе⡣
е㲻̫
롣
ǹŵ飬ҲֱӸɣ
ڤ˼룬ԼǰźѧҲû˵ررץɣԼܺƤԷˡˣҲûʲôطر氡
е㲻
Ȼ˱Ķ
æתͷö˽뷿Ǹ˵ɫ۾
ѧˣ
ֲѿڶһ䡰ѧҺùؼʱ˶Է֮ǰæ˳ƺֻԼλطġȡ˳һԼܺùһ㡣
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһɴġˡ÷ɪ˹ֱۿɼˡ
֡"Լ֣ǣ֣ڿ˹Ҳôɵ𣿡
÷ɪ˹һһ˷м׳棬ŶԷȻʵ
ӦãҲûаɡ
Ͼ˹Ҳû˽Լˡã̬ȳӵϣҲСˡΨһζصҲֻǰ㰡
һĭɰͰ͵ػӦ
ȻҲֻ˵һ˵
겻ѾһѧǸѸ˰
ʮֿɬ
ڱϣԵɡ
ˣҡ
ֺһˡ
ĵĻû˵꣬ͱ÷ɪ˹ֱӴϡ
ȻѾҡˡˣ㲻֪Ϊһͳ棬Ӧʲô𣿡

֣ԲĲ֪

ַǳǳŬάԼı飬Ȼǰ̶ȶԱȹȥʮѧʼƴӡ
ӺԼڷΨһԳ֮ΪļҾϡ
վ
ƾԼ￴ĳ幷Ѫ͢磨עԱͱȫࣩ۵һ֪ʶ̽Եأ÷ɪ˹ķ
÷ɪ˹û˵ʲô
Ŭһ¶ǰԼɭСܵľ飬ΡΡ̧֣̽Եأ÷ɪ˹졣
ߵȼĳֻȼӵ׳Ե÷ǳǳС
ң⿪÷ɪ˹ӵĶҲԵøⱿ׾кܶΣ÷ɪ˹ԸоõֵָλؿڣƭݼŵĹѸֵġ
ɫΪֿƱ׾Ķúǳ
ͫʴʱһ
һθܵŭ

ԭֻ÷ɪ˹׵ھһ֮󣬷ǳǳСĵ̧֣÷ɪ˹ı
һ죬㡭ӦҲ˰ɣҪҸ㰴һ¼米𣿡
ֱ׾ʵ
ȻĻ䣬;ǰһƬת
ʶʱ򣬲ŷԼȻ÷ɪ˹ֱӰ˵ϡ
ĳϣסĲӡ
㣬ֻҪеôʲôԸء
˵䣬÷ɪ˹Ƥ𽥸ֳ˳ۼס
лҪ˵
СգһЩֺá
С÷һֹ


13 

ʹʹʹʹˣ
ʹ÷һʡ
Ǹͨ࣬ڵӻûʲôϾǸطǱ˴һƹȻšϲϽݴҲʲô̫顣ڹ¶Ժֻܻ꣬һó˵ģһóġȻǺߡС˴򵽴ֻԼƤͲ÷ɪ˹Сֱ
ɵߴĳ尴ڵϣʶʱͬա
ѾԭǸ֣ںǸĳĸ򣬻óһԹ֡
֮ǰ˵ȷĳеĿԵĳⲿλ÷ɪ˹Ķֱײ˵ϣĳ򱻺ݺݵļѹ˲ʹϮֻû໼ˡ
԰׵˵ϣ޿ɱԵᣬǿƲסھʹɪɪ
÷ɪ˹΢΢һ١
Ҳ˲䣬ֺ̧塣
ȻЩѾھǴСḻİһ˲¶ʵĿϿҵ̨ʣȻڶ÷ɪ˹Ŀһ˲䣬ȴԼһĶȻһأǦһθȥ

롣
ǲǺѧ۾
˵ǸԱholdסĺѧ۾ֵļУɭȻĮ߰һѸ㣬ȴ൱γٲֻǸӵ㺡
һ˫Զͬ¹ɾĮȻ۾
䣬ȴֺܰġ
Ȼڣ÷ɪ˹ͬӰǳɫͫȴֱ֮ǿСΪһֱУĺܲóһԵ񣬵һôıܾͻȻؿʼ
һƵ񣬻ǱĳºͿɰʮԡѡϽСʱλӦѾ˼̵ˣͶеֵ֫
ްģҼܺõġ㲻оʹ֮Ҳܺúܺá㿴УͲٿ˲˶ãҲᱻƭתҲᵣҶȥˡ
ֻǵǸʵĵ
ʱ;Ǹ˴ǱʿҵĳױƷ˲Żô̬÷ɪ˹񣬾ȻǸ񾭲ȫصһ
ִ˸飬ѸٵʶԼصһ˲
ǿҵ˲ޱȴ󵨡
ѧ
ʮּᶨǸˡĳƺøһģһ˺ѧ֡
һֱ˵Բ𡣡
ºظоԼ֫һЩеһϸ΢Ĵʹ΢΢
ĳЩȺĶ˳ľһҲԼֹҲˡ
Ͼǳ֫ǵõġ
û٣΢ؼһ䡣
ѧܹ̫ˡ
죬ҸͲʲôѧҾ㲻Ҫôң÷ɪ˹ɫ쳣׺ݵسµ
ͺףܱ䣬ܿµӡ
ǴʱΣ־Լܵ±ס÷ɪ˹Ĵģֻϧڵȴֻһӯӯֱͬѧ
ؼʱ̵ˡ
Լ˵ȻŬ۾񴫵Լʱ˿쳣ֿĸ顣
ǣǺѧ
ӲͷƤظ
֪ŻҵȷʵҶԲȣôһֱںڡǸʱܹúø˵һԲܾͲôֳһ£ƴѡŴǡ
ôįˡ
˽̲ʦն͵ʡ
˵Щϸ۲÷ɪ˹ı飬ΪۣѾӯۿȴգ۶ҡ
թƭʦ˵Ҫ˵һʱ򣬾ԲƿĿ⡣ΪĿƫƣԵ˺飬ܲϡ
Ҫ顣
ϾĻû뿪߾Ǻöûɭˡ
֪ѧҲղЩ顣ѧҲĻҸҿǡ
ϵزһ䡣
÷ɪ˹
Ĭ˺ܾá
õֶѾʼ﷢Լǲϴˡ
ҪɴĿڣٺˡü
һ˲䣬÷ɪ˹һƵĻӦ
˵Բ㲻̫𣿡
أ
ܹ󻯵Ļ־ãıӦ̻͵
Ȼˣ÷ɪ˹ʱ̬Ȼ൱ӣȴѾ˲١
е̧֣ȻظԼ࣬ԼǸ忨ϵĳ֫
ǰϿҵ̬ȱڵñ֮ǰҪԵýһЩ
ѧܲȷſһ£ұҲ̫ˣղײôһ򶼿
ʼָĻ÷ɪ˹Ӳ·ĳֽĳךֵıԹǰ֫תֵ̬Ƚʵ첲
ĳᣡ
÷ɪ˹ɫ΢䣬Ѹٵؽִӵϱ
ü֮ǰѾɵ˺·
֮ǰѪоѾϵĳ򣬵÷ɪ˹֮ǰȷʵû뵽ϵĳ򡪡һڣԼǣƵĶ̫ڸٹ̵ذһֻΪĿǰݣѾܶ궼û㣬Ĵˡ
Ƕ˱Ϊ˵ʹѩ׵ı֮ϡ
÷ɪ˹ֵĳ⡣
˻ѧòĺ
֮ǰֵĳֻǱϣһ£Լ񾭿ʱ÷ɪ˹ϸϸ飬ùĵˡ
˼̱Ļͷųȷڻһ㡣
Ŀֵĳͣһ˲ȻޱɿǶõĳᡣ
ûˡ
÷ɪ˹ЩӲظжϡ
ڳһִָһ·
ֲǻǱӵܣ÷ɪ˹ķԸ֮Ǻԥش÷ɪ˹忴׳˵ڿĳһ£ȴû˵ʲô
ĬԼｫֽع
һԺһĬ
Щ̫ڵ£һںڣôǾԼıƬĲλЩǵģٻղԼղѧʧ̬֣־е΢Ĳ̫ڡ
ллѧ
죬Լ˿̵顣
Ϊٻ׷һ£Ϊʲôڵǳ塣
÷ɪ˹䵭ؿ˵
֣
ʵǺܺģһúõͻȻ֮˸ߵȼĳ壬ȥλͣⱳһǣʲô޴ıı֪˺ԸɴɶʱȽϺء
СŵĵùԺƮһ²ۡ
ڱϣֻ۽ǣ÷ɪ˹¶һĨ϶ȵ΢Ц
ǲҪֻ֪ѧԶҵѧ͹ˡ
лҪ˵
թƭʦղסĶǧҪ˵ǲǺܿ顱ǲǺġǲǺѹƽʱԵúĮǿĶʱЩΪʲôΪ˶ǿиɵģһ˵Щ߳ŭԼѹ
ʱӦ˵ǲǺܼį
㿴ⲻ
ҲܷԼįį
ԣȫ֪ôʱüįˡ

С֣183е
ת
֣ѧЩǲǺܼį
С÷ϾͲįˡ


14 
ֵĻش÷ɪ˹ۿɼشһ¡
ֶʱͷһ
ΪԼشԵø˵æֲ㿴ѧҲûΪʲôӡ
÷ɪ˹ͫ΢΢СɫڴֹŹֵɫתǳ峺ĵɫ
רעؿ֡
 Sĳ壬ȫ÷ɪ˹Ѫᣬί߼٣ҲһѪĺѡˡ÷ɪ˹Ȼڵ׳ڣȻӵʮڽλСǼʻӵǰ£رʵݣȻаٷ֮ʮϵļʣϵͳҵ׷ǵЩ۹ǲǱִ񡣡
ллأ÷ɪ˹ǲûпֽԼִܵ
ָķһ㡣
Ȼɵǿûȫ÷ɪ˹Ȼת䡣
ĺܺ棬ΪʲôģǱ۹ѵ֪СĴڣһ֣ûκεֿӳгɹļʣٷ֮һûС
һ뵽ԼѪʱ̽鵽Щݣ÷ɪ˹Ѿõжʱַ˲ֺ඼ҪմļȵķŭУž޴ĿֻԼ¡
Ϊ߼٣÷ɪ˹ͲҪپѪֵͼˡϢҵʱԼһޣϸֱȴʧٵŹʹظϵһҡ
Ȼ￴֡
ʱԼǡóѪ˵ǰίκһͨԱ
ĴڣѾ˰ίµһࡣ
ԼͲ֪Щ顣ֻбһصС±Ҳһ뱻
ֻߵĵطɺϢʬ顣
ֻһǸ棬÷ɪ˹ԼƺҺ֮Уôɱսκζݵĳ壬ȴڴ˿̸еһߵĴʹ
ҲΪּµĺ£÷ɪ˹ûа취ǰ侲
ڸղţӦþɱˡ÷ɪ˹ֱضǰ꣬ʶʱĻѾѿڶ
ñȽɡ
ȻҾͿ԰һһڣֱ̳븹
ĻҴžڿԳ׵ӵˡ

ֽëһ¡
֪ǰĵĸ˼֪Լֻһ㣬ͱ˳͡
ֻʶؾԼеëҲĪʼ
ңʵҲ
ֹЩ˵
ͬʱʼŵͷԷ籩
֪÷ɪ˹ʱǷѾȷһֳԴ֮ǰѪʱѧǿһѸӷݣǲгĸҲ侲ѧڵķӦӦûûʶһ㡣֮ŬڶԷ׷ʺŪȥ
ѡֿһԸⱻ֪ԼгĸĲ֡
ǶǰġȡɭҲһ
澭ֱܵҪסܡ
үҲǿȷʵ̫ùˣһĵվߡ
־ɲ֪Ӧ÷ɪ˹ʱĳԼжϡ
Ѧң𣿡
Ǹʱ÷ɪ˹ǻм໥Ħһ£طڳһ㶾ҺἰԼ޵Ķʱĳܡ
İɣǣˣ棬ѵΪǲ鲻

һ¡
㾹ȻҲŪԼ÷ɪ˹̧֣סֵ°ͣɫɭȻҸ˵ĺѧ˵̫ˣ
ȵȡ
գգۣΪ˼еΡ
ѦңʲôϵԣΪʲô÷ɪ˹֪ѦңڣҪ֪ѦڿǴѧĵʦ
Ȼ֮ǰ֪ΪϵͳоĵһˣѦһֱΪжд̡÷ɪ˹ô֪СϺܹΪѦڵѧ
Ե׶ô͸һǴѧѦңڵʵˣ
 ϾҲֻǸӻɥĲ飬˵ƭ޴ѧɰ˰ĹΪִһαȻʵݡ
÷ɪ˹ûвһ˲±ƣֻü
һ˲䣬ֻص˶ǰ
ִһʱǱпӭ泯Ǹꡣ
ֱʱֳһЩòҲԵˡֻ΢Цˣȴһģһı飬ջĸߴˡ
Уʮǲ۲۵ţƽ˳ͨʽĸչָˣЩ鳤ʶԭҲ̼ҲǿԱɱʣо
ڳУŷͺͽȨ޵İɱ
ڵ۹İɱϣѦңǰ塣
÷ɪ˹ǳϸоѦңıϣͨѦңʲôǾԵ飬Ϊʵݲֶεķӡ
ѪƵĳӻеӷ񣬸ûԡ
ǣһεУȴѦңڣһûͷûԵ⡣
ŬǳŬ
Ѧңһһ˿
ҿó㲢ϲЩоôƴΪʲô
ֿȥƺЩȣԼĵʦȻῪѧȫ޹ص顣
ڶݵֱԼĵʦ貣ʢм
ȥһ
С˵Ϊܲ˼߳һϸܵĺ顣
Ŀȴôרע档
һʦڵǸ硣

ʵʱڿޱרעᶨıʱ÷ɪ˹ڽһоѾԤС
ûʲô˻ָˣôѦңƽʱԼɰ˰ʵ壬Ҳϧ
ѦȣҾãӦҲû뵽ɣ
÷ɪ˹Ѿѻ˵ˣҲֻжǸЦ˵һǸȻɾذеĹ۵յʦͷϡ
İ½ʮߺоȻһЩСʵҾͷԼһû嵱ԵʲôģֻоѡǺо幥ƣҲ׳汻ңûҪǱأģһжֻ⡣
ǿ˺üԼûд㵱ԼԵ޺ֿ
ûס̽һ䡣
Һںϵĳ¶Ϊѧͳ棬Ӧǰȫģ𣿡
÷ɪ˹ţüͷ΢塣
Ѧң
ʲô
ֽŵ۾
Ƭ̺÷ɪ˹һЦ
ûи㣬ںϵ𣿡
¶𣿡
ɫȻҰףȥܴ÷ɪ˹ؿԷ۵׵ľʧ룬һ͸¶΢ϸһЩ
ѦңϵӦԼ˸ĳ򡪡κһ֪ĳ塣Ȼȷһͷʻ¶ǸβĻ򡣲ȻĻ㲻ȥ
ȥˣۣ˳С
÷ɪ˹Ȼͣ»ͷ
ֻҪ֪ûпǹİΣͿˡ
ЩӲ˵
ϵ㣬Ҳֵ̽״ѦңϵһԭֵϢʵ̫ˣ۳涼ЩƲסԼ֮ǰּʱ÷ɪ˹þԼȫŲͬҰް㸩ȥ׳ĳᡣ
Ѧң÷ɪ˹벻κһˣԶԳϢֲ̬ĸ
Ψһǣ벻ѦңôΪʲô
ǣڸô죿
÷ɪ˹Ļָҡ
÷ɪ˹޴
ѧ֪ģûʲôԵ׵ġݣǲǺΣգѧɲһȥ硭
ֽŻͷ˳µѧ˿
һж˳Ŀǰôõġ
÷ɪ˹ĻһۣΪͫ׽ṹ಻̫һԵʣڷƹ£ôһ˲䣬ѧͫɫԵøǳϸͫףȥȻôһ¡
һ취ġ
Ǿһ룬÷ɪ˹
Ļȥǳƽ͸ܶǰɭĮ˵鷳ʱ˵Ŀɿ
ͷһɡ
Ҫһۡ
÷ɪ˹˵ű轩꣬ӿŵĺڰһһ
ۣѧʲô
ֻŻŵš
÷ɪ˹̧֣أһ¹ڿ졣
Цġ
˵
㰲ͺãһ취ġ

Ƭ̺÷ɪ˹ַýһöAԱ֮ǰᱻײܵ⡣
˹ĳ帺ܴСһ㡣
ô˵ġ
ַǳֵؽϴʪҼ뽫ԼȫذסƵµĻ˯֮ǰ󿴵ģǰ͸ұ֮⣬÷ɪ˹ģӰӡ
ѧڿң
ͷԺݼš
ܿͰĵ˯ˡ
ȻҿԿʱ˿̣վ÷ɪ˹ʱĻžͺôĶˡ
ȥαװĳɫ൱ˡ
ĳЩ룬÷ɪ˹Ʋסأڷڳչ¶Լԭʼ̬
һֻ޴ɲĹű鲼ȫļӲƬۿɼļиצԼµĶ̡
ͨʺ죬ճҵѪŻеʺ졣
Ȼɫû쵽÷ɪ˹ĳϣܶѪ˵ǵĳӦȫɫŨأ貵Ĳλ
÷ɪ˹ĳǻɫġ
Ϊǲǳĳ򣬶Ǻ°װȥĻеᣬȻֻ۹۲ҲԿ÷ɪ˹Ľ˴ȽһԿɾ޴Ȼɫӳɺ壬Եôҳª
÷ɪ˹Aǰ޼ɵسչԼĳ
ۡ
૵
Զߡ
лҪ˵
ѦңΪʲôôŬң
С֣183Ϊ˽ѧϴʵҽѧడ


15 
ϵ˵һ
3о
ңԶǿĳùֱڼ۸񰺹A˯ȥͬһʱ䣬ڵһľܻΪ⡱ĿرжСרʵڣʧʵ̨ǰ˷ѯʡ
ѦңڣҪһȷĴ𸴡ʮߺоȫûԤ׵ܵǷΪѾӵгĸкƬ
仰Ӧ˵øһģ˵˱˵ҲԲõļһʵϣ˵ش߶³͵ġȻΪһĻ죬ֿȵĹʣȴڲԶµĿԱǰԵøơ
ܶ˰֮ΪѦңʵ̫ͨ˶ԿԱĿ̰֪
ſעûһεİۣǾϿѵֳĸߴʵȻԵøĿ
òǿеЩż޵ݵĳ̶ȡ
˵֪ݣٷ֮ʮŵڿĵһʱ䣬ֻΪĸ˸ߵȼ칤̶Ķģ
ֻ䵱õķˡ
˵һĿԱӦº͵ģôѦңһĬϸ׵׵ķ档
ܺڣҲԶĮֽӽ޻ֻ˵ĳѪ۾ֱӿʲôʱǻԷ޴ѹ
¶ԷݷͬѰ߼Ҳˡ
ʼеʻѦңޱҡҡͷ
ʮߺоһӵеֻǿ¡Ƭѡ
ش
ÿֵƵһģһģȥȻ˻Ҫǻˡ
ĮĻӦȻûа취̫ġ
ʲ˲̲ס׷ʵǱϾǳĸϵĴڣֻǿ¡塪
Ļû˵꣬ѦңȴѾתͷȥԼĹС
ʶʱɫһ䡣
һԵۿԣæǰһЦԼ˾͵»ûȫĽϣЩõ鱨Ѿȷϣʮߺоĳĸкʵ൱࣬һֱڴĳĸ¡塣δȫȷôԭ򣬵ǿԿ϶ǣ˵ȱݵֻ˵Ƚķ϶ѡ
Ǹݲγ״ݻʮߺоͥӣ˵ʲô⡣˵ɫ㲣аա
Լֱ̫ˣ죬սѾôˣΪʲôƫƫֵһ̨ʱ˳ֱ߽硣
ͳҪ֪һε¼ǷԤʾҪս
һŵͳ칫ң쳣ɬʵ
ûвڲظʮߺоĲҾʱһֱͬ˰㾫׼ѦңϵĲһССʧ
ӳʬȡľ綾Һʵ̨ϣ˲港ʴ߲Բۼ
ѦңͷһСȦʴۣȻһߡ
ֻ߶ѣԺλͼڹǰˢøе֣ɫ˲ͽӲˡ
˶֪һѾ㹻ˡ
ۿλʧĹȻɵѦңѯҲ˲Ͻ˸ڽϳʵҡ
Уɲļ𡰱ŭǽ˶Եľ޴ѡ

ȵֺò״λ޴ĹʣųһųصĲӻصʵ⡣ȻűĽţȴĪ̾ͻȥ
ʦʦ֡
̨ϳ̵ʱʵһʦش˹
ʲôûʵ
ǸûоãϴԽԽֲˡǴʮߺǼ´֮ġ
ʦܰǳʵ
šֺػӦһ䣬ûзҲûгϣҲһȷˡ
ʦüͷԻ
µطûκβְɡ
ֵһ̻ңƳԼʦһۣĬһɰͰ͵Ӧ˭֪أ
˵仰ͬʱֵԺȴֳ˼֮ǰǿƹƬһĻ
ʵѾʮߺоϢĵ죬죬Ѧңһ߲ݵعֲû̫࣬ΪֻΪѦң뵽ʲôĿԲҪϽȶѡȻڼȷͷûԼС˺Ǹ䣬ѦңڣȴȻ̧ͷֱؿ
ҪһˣҸô
ʵ˵ʱԼѪϴ󱻳ֱӵˡ
ģ˶ˡ
Ͼôš족翵أ
Ϊ̫𾪣ûӦȫʶػһ䡣
һ˵ĹǰһЩԷϲĶɣ
ģⱲΨһһοѦңƬ̡
ȻѦң૵ûĹ
ôһ˲䣬Լ˫ԶͬͷĮ˫Уһ˿Գ֮Ϊʹࡱ㺡
ǣļǰŵǰϲĶͺ˰ɣ˹ȥҲǾ⡣
ֻǵԼô˵ġ

̾һ»صʵҡ
·Ѧңʵ̨ʱĿЩ΢ƳһԼϴİ칫Լڰ칫ϣһʯͷǰС⡣
һʵոС⣬ˮʣ⿴ǾͶ֪۸񲻷ơ
ңÿһѾ˺ܶˣۿɼܶ졣
*
⡣
Կ⣬Կ⣬ơơ
˻
ίķɴϡ
һԺзĿơƣһɫҵ˱ŹѵζӪ
ʱҪһڿ⣬ֻ۵ĺϳɵ˹ϣӦöܸж޳ɣ
֮ǰ֪Լһ˵⣬ⲢܹʵΪ÷ɪ˹շѬʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰûǹ̵ζɵִѧṩĸ߼󣬲֪ôģܾѧһϢ
ӲѪѧ˽ﾹȻϲ޹
ĺһ÷ɪ˹ڻع·̣ǣı΢Цһ仰û˵
ǹζ治ţ˵һֺܸ߼΢㣬ֻҪ׷ѰʧȻһɾƫӰΡ
ǣֻһĨ·Է΢΢ĸ
Ȼ־ͱζѬͷˡ
һ˿⣬ǺöǰڴѧʱѦңڵĴʱ
˵ҲһĵĹȥʱΪɧŵԵʣѾüûа취ȥ򹤡û򹤾û룬벻£Ψһֻп˿ԼĻʳѣȻͺܶģֱʵε˽ڵĻ
Ǹ˴·һ鵰⡣ֵʱòס⣬Ķͷ˾ѧԴơǿĥĥĲͷˣɴԼǿ鵰ݵߡ
ôãǱ˵еġιʳֳԵȻ쳣ǱУָιʳĿѦң촽մѩ͵ָѦңǿǡ֣һʶ£ԭֲûǰιȥһΡǣԸоõѦң˫޻ʰ۾һֱض
ָоͺǣѦңĻеʽʱһ룬룬롭
ܺãʮ롣
˷ˡбһӣʱˡ

ֶѾŵó͵ζˣ׽Ҿ׽ȫǴڴֱӰĵ̽ɵʱΪԵ̫С˺üѦңָ⡣
ȻںǸɣϸ룬Ϊµʱجεѧÿ
ֿ֮Ѹײڶ֮ưһ鵰ֱӿȥûҭˡ
˵Ѧңĸ֮ǰ㶨˵⣬ҵǣܻɾǵʱ̫̻ʣŻǸԻ·ǻеƴɵĽڲֵĴ
ϲ⣿
ģûѯʡ
ֵʱﻹͣҷϣֻζʧòæͷ
Żǿǿͣᶼҭˡ
ллڣϲԵˡ
ޱȹȵسԼĽѧṩ߷л
š
Ѧңޱһ˹վȻϸϸذԼָøɾ
ûж࿴һۡ
ȻǵԼò׹ĳ·ֻǵٴεȣѦңڽһѧڣڸִ⣬ǶʱֻҪ߽ʵң־;Լ̵ζ׵عסˡ
ƫƫҲԡ
ʼãԵÿֶԵ۷⣬оϻҪԵرġ
ǶǿջЦԵⲢƴлʦѰҲѧУζҲ취Եۺһ±Űζ
ССԸڳȴһ
һȥֿԼǰӪҺҡ
ǿмӪҺѵζʵػճֳԼԼܷһζǲϸ룬ԽԽĵζ
ԽԽ̡
ǳѵûһʳ𣿡
ڱɿܣ˾ıԹ
÷ɪ˹Ƴһۡ
С
˵
ʱΪʳ
ֲ㵱ѿΪʲô
Լ˶΢ɼһ٣˵ڵĻȴƽ̹Ȼ
ӪҺĳ塪һǱ۹˳Ƕ塣÷ɪ˹عʱ˫ɫ˫һƬ̹Ȼߵȼĸ֪ǿܻᵽϵζԣ뾡ܱ鷳
ίĴϣֻһߵȼ塣
÷ɪ˹Ľͺֶʱ
֮ǰԹ꣬ȴڵЩӪҺ
룬ٱȵڹ¶ԺĻʳá
ĵֹ۵
һ¹ȥ־ȻÿҺȥҲôˡ
ţл¶Ժʳһηء
ƺΪֵϣ÷ɪ˹ϵĿޱֲ̧͡ͷѧרעĿ⣬һȻգգ۾һس¶˹ȶֺõЦݡ
֮ҪǱסѧȡĵиطţѧͻȥѦңڰԼϸĳĸ
һ֮һҪݳ޵ȥտ̯һȻտ
أ
뵽ֵЦݣҲøˡ
лҪ˵
ѦңĺϲԵ⣨
Ȼ˿Լָ
Ѧң죨κα飩.jpg


16 
˹ɵغӪҺ÷ɪ˹ͫ
ǳ˳ֵؽӹеĿհװùϸһ㣬ĴŻ֣ᷢԼõӪҺװûκεıʶ
Ȼ˿̵ֿҲڲЩصС£Ϊʱ÷ɪ˹Ѿ̽ı
ѧѧȵһ£
֮ǰڳϵĴ̼֮־ٳٶۣҲԼжһ֪֪÷ɪ˹Լ޶⣬ɵԷҪǶֵֹĳʱֻʶŤ壬÷ɪ˹
ֻϧı׼ǳı׼ֶƲǿ׳ݡ
ᣬͰ͵С࣬׾ٵؾͱߴֱӰϡ
Ҷ÷ɪ˹˵ҵ֮Ҫһĳ򡣡
ֲĳ壬ҾðɣоУûоûУʵûô
ʮֿܵس÷ɪ˹ֹ
ΪֻǶ壬ԲŸҪ飬ĳᵼ³һΪĻϲпҵĳֶΡ
÷ɪ˹˵ǳԴûзõĳİ취ǰѳֱӰ³˲һʼؿŤʮִη
Ǿ鷳ѧؼһҵĳ򣡵ȵȣ鷳˼Ҷְ·ԼУ
ֹͣȻһᣬֱӾ͵÷ɪ˹棬һһŽ⿪ϰ׳Ŀӡ
÷ɪ˹ĳ˵ԭʮֿɣ껹ûн⿪ȫĿӣİɫ˲굥ļͷ䡣
Ŀ˲ֵؿڡ
Ǹ
ԼŸе¹ڲ״ΪֱеָеЩڡ
ִһս漴ת
ѧҿô
һ˵ţһԼ̽ĦţԼĳ⣬ѧܹؿԼȫò
÷ɪ˹ûеһʱ
ҿǸС
еϲ
еڱһļ飬ԼСƸûɶоȻҲͬһ³־ԼǶģԼǾԼϺȻһе٣ֹ֣ĸоȴô޷мˡ
ȻԼϳĳӳȥǹֵֹģֿԿ϶ɱñöˡ
ҾڴѧԼˣҲûٶһ¡
ְһ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹ߣȴʼֵͣı
ΪѾòһĿרעЩЩͷƤ顣
ûκʵʵȴԼԲõߵġС
ƤЩȡ
ĸΪȵ߶顣
ʱһ̣ƺʲôصǿˣֻж̶̵ļӣȴ÷ɪ˹ŵʱҪϢˡ
˺þãֲ÷ɪ˹
ܺá
ײеսҲܱһĮİί߼٣ʱȴѰİơ
ûпųⷴӦķҲûܵ챻ֱײӰ졣ٴ״
̫ˡ
ֳһ
ϣصǰһֱ״̬ǧҪֵųⷴӦҲҪӷ淢չһԳҲ͹˱ľͲˣ
ĵ׷һ
ȷѧļѾ֮Ѹٵؽ·¼ϣȻɿؿԼȫĿӡ
Ըоõѧڵӡָǳķǳ⡣
Ҳǳԣ
˵ʵڵģԼʵе˲̧
ʵ÷ɪ˹֮ǰѾмԼ״
ϾһAϲһԳӳһһΣòֳʲôӦóĶɣ
ڴĿǰȻάĻ̬
Ϣǣĳ򳤵ƺˡ
ԭ͸ģ˱ĳһһ㵭⣬ȥҲͣȻҲУ
ĸĳӦǼĲŶԣĳȴǿΪںʲô죬ʲôԭҪȻľ͸÷ɪ˹²ʮߺоղصĳĸ걾ľʲôĸ죿
ֲ̫ϸ룬Լϸ̬֮
ʲô
ߴ÷ɪ˹ѯʣִ˸飬˲Լĺ˼лع
ûʲôǡǾѧڱñ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ֵȻ÷ɪ˹ǰ˵ʵ
˸ؿ˵
թƭʦѧСһֱܺãҪرĳ˵׷ʱõİ취¿һⲢҰѻͷ׸Է
Ȼϸ˵ҲѣͷˣһڳطѧȻʼеҰɣɾ±֮ѧ̬ȱ𵱳˲ٵġ
㿴֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ʰ;أǵڸʱ붼Ĵ
᣿÷ɪ˹Ŀ˸һ£ЩŹֵؿһ֣ƺЩԻۡ
ֿѧѵõĴģ̲סЦ
һ£ʵЦ
ǰѧĺᣬڸеʱӵĻºܶ˶ϲ㡪
Ҳڵɭһȴڱ߾е¹ϳ档
Ļû˵꣬÷ɪ˹ǳƽһѯʡ
ϲ𣿡
֣
ܺãˡ


17 
ע⵽һ˲÷ɪ˹ǰֲ࣬һ䣺ϲǡᡯң
֣ʵءǡ
ູ¡
شϲζִʱԼΨһľǰʾáȡڱ߾Ƕᡣ
ش𡰲ϲζѧʱ˿޺׵״̬С
ţôش񶼺군ء
գգ۾÷ɪ˹˫ԺȻֳթƭʦЩԵĿγ̡
թƭʦҪİ˵ôѡܼŭԷ⣬Ӧôشء
ڸʱѧҪǸһôã߸ҵλ˰ɣǿûѧĻҸܻɡ
ǻ˹ȥִߵЦºͶ
ڣ㶼ѾǳˣȴȻԶôáרעػ÷ɪ˹һһ˵
ǵѧڵѧҶϲ
թƭʦʵһ㶼ѣ׼ʲôأǳ򵥣ֻҪشʲôģҡϲͿˣ
ȫ֪ΪɶǸթƭʦʾôһû⣬ҲûбʲôӦԵķֻ«ưϸտαشˡ
º÷ɪ˹öûзŪһϰµĽŵúˡ
ƺҲû̫˼ԼС׷һСγĬ̧ȡһöоƬݸ֡
ʾֽоƬԼϵĽ
ǵģдֻʵûʲô⣬÷ɪ˹Ҳѹûиֳ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹Ľ˵Щǿҽ֮ĽֻȴܹڷɴڲɰȫҪƾϾֵȼô׳ǳټȻڽ䱸ɭϵİίɴڣûūݵıĻ¸ͲҪ߼ֱ֣Ӿͻᱻɴ䱸Զϵͳӵʳֱ
ԭӶǺ÷ɪ˹Ⱝ۵ȥģԷޱĽ֮˲ͷ
ֻѿѿõĶĻҲǲġ
ҲѧоƬֲ֪֮ԭֻбô
ְоƬֻ֮÷ɪ˹˻ֱ֣㿴Լǰһ͸ĹĻʾ֣òֵڷɴϵλõϢֵעȴֱӷ˹ĻϷʾڵĹ
-Ѫ
Ⱥ䣺¶
ְλͼԱ
еã
ͼԱ
*
ȺûзڳȺ֮УͱҪӵԼĹΪȺȻĻȴЩóˣֻб𣬱ֻǡá
˵Ļԭ¶ȺѪļ¼УݾǲϲԹѪеϼ御á
ֲ֪÷ɪ˹ԭļƻУݸоƬһö
öоƬĹ÷ɪ˹רԴ
÷ɪ˹кܶ˵ֽݡ
ģ׳档
ӵȵ¶
ȴԳΪ߼ֵԴȪ

ǣ׼оƬĹУĳ÷ɪ˹ԼҲ޴飬ӹҳһֿʤεġ
ͼԱ
ڽɸߵڰٷ֮ʮŵʱûһ
ǵģ㹻ǿ뺧˵ս㹻ȥ磬ǱŰʱ޿̶ͼɺͽԼͬȺĳͬࡣ
̫æҲɱûʱ䣬ûбҪȥ조֡ͨʲôӡǡ
ֱʮǰԭ֮ĸĳָı˳ˣȺײеĳӵԼĵ۹У嶼Ըս鱾͡
ô˵ڰίķɴȷȷʵʵһС͵ͼݣϾΪ۹İȫĳѾܹǳеĻ档
ðɣίϵͼȻ˼
˵ܰȫҲ㹻ɣһ൱ġ
ɶ÷ɪ˹˵ʧȥȴֿɵõĻ䣬Լ˳ģǰĶռá
Ӧú׾ȷѡ񡣿ɾ㳹Լʱȴ˵һ
ȫ֪ԼֻһͱĳֻĽ
æű̾һ£Լ֮ǰʵλһƬ棬ΪĳЩԭ˰˰һڳأȻ޷ѡϰࡱˡ
֣
֣ллѧ
ǿջЦ.jpg
*
Ҳǿǵľȷʵ൱÷ɪ˹ǳԽ˳ͼݡ
һ·ҲһЩ壬һģǶŰίͦĺɫƷҶ÷ɪ˹ĳֱʾ㹻ĹȻԸоõԽЩ峯ȥʱЩƼѱĳ壬һֱһֱڿ
ֺë
߶ô𣿼ЩĿϸ˵ֻǿ̽⣬ȻԼʱᱻЩ˵Ȼ˺Ĵ
òϢ̫ˣҴϵߵȼĲԾ
ԽԽţ÷ɪ˹࿿˿
ѧ
ĵײӿ
Ӧýҡˡ÷ɪ˹Ŀбӵ˵
Ҳû̫ĿڵðɣˡЩе㲻ԾɣǲѾᵽϵζˣ
֪ϺӪҺʱͲôˣѺҲö༸סԼζŶԡ
Ϊɫһ˿԰ף÷ɪ˹ֻͫг׵׵ͺ÷ɪ˹һ
ǡ
÷ɪ˹̧֣֣ʮȻشֵļͷ
ǡ
Ȼ壬ֹס㷲ѯʡ
˵Ϣֵľࡣ
ʱġӵȳ塱Сͳ桱ʽװһֽģȫȫסƷֿԸо÷ɪ˹ָסԼ΢΢΢Ϣľ࣬һ㼦Ƥ
ҵ
÷ɪ˹ֻ˼룬ߴֵڲƽ˵

ȵӪҺᾡܻԭ¶ζ⣬÷ɪ˹͵ˣϢѪ˵кǿջ
ɰίĳԱУľǡѪᡱ
÷ɪ˹ȥ۵׵İ
ȫûϵ㻹һֻ׳棬Լר¶ϢȻȻܹЩ¼Ѫ궯
⡣
÷ɪ˹ԸоԼзӿѹƵѪҪ֮ǰȻЩֵ̽ĸȫ˺Ƭ
ֿǿЩƲסԼ̬
ǣô죿
ֵ˲ҡҡ׹ǡ
Ϊһ޸֮˳ҲÿٽŵĵùֱУԼϵϢȻtmdܹ壬ֻŵһƥ
÷ɪ˹źۼһ
õģֻһС⡣΢Ƶ˵һעһЩϢҺѾ֪ڸʲô𣿡
ĳֻעһֻǿ۳ϢҺǰմߵϢ
ԭֻҪ÷ɪ˹עϢҺȻѪΪһֻ۳棬һһֱѾѡеģӵǿ˵۳档
մҵζ¶ϢͲôˡ

Ȼ֪÷ɪ˹˼ʵƵҲɹһ˱Ҳûʲôǣ֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ڼҸһʵ̫ʹˣŪһе㶶
ǣѧ㣿
ͷСĵ˵
÷ɪ˹ؿһۣ˵ͷԼס
ֲûз÷ɪ˹ĳЩСá֮ǰϢʱûô
ʱ˿̣ӶֻҰοҲҪôһڵģ糬
ֱв±С
ɣˡ
һƫͷһۣԼѿڵ
һξ鶼Ѿ׼ӭӾʹȻ
ֲ촽
˹Ϣעȫһ÷ɪ˹עϢҺĿ쳣Ӳ˹עϢҺʱָû̫оȻ÷ɪ˹עȴ쳣ǿҵĴڸС
ֿԸоһĿһƤҲԸо΢µϢҺγɹɵĽѪҺǿҵĸָеһѣǡۡ
÷ɪ˹ֵĿһΣȷʵǳᣬ˵Щ̫ˡ
ڻעϢҺ͸ֵÿһƤ⣬̴Ĳλһ顣ĪԺ뵽ĳЩƺǻͨע񾭶䶯ãȻǿڶصһڻ֭󱻲õ˱
ôݵһ˲䣬־Լһֻģ֭Сӡ
Ҫڻˡ
ֲòק÷ɪ˹ڣýסԼ塣
ҲʱԼҲᵽ÷ɪ˹ζ
ͨζǡǡ塱Ӧø֪ζ
ǾƣĳŨҵĻԼһЩѪҺζ
ζĪķңĳֹŹֵģȵԲ̴˿ΪĲڲɢ
֮ģϤģΪϢصĲö΢øС
κģ޷ֱ÷ɪ˹ʲôʱɿ˿뿪ġ
һѣвûά̫ã÷ɪ˹Ļ΢һ˹
ԼԸоõԼƺһζ
ţ֣֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ᵽģεζ
ʶظһԼĲӡ
÷ɪ˹ҧסĸо̫ǿˣΪԷµ˿ڻʵϿĿӲûôء
ȥʱԸС
࡭л
ֵл
ĳоɻ֮ȥڽ·ԵЩĬ
÷ɪ˹һĮƽ
ЩǱؽǼ估˼ͼݣֻСװ˽˻˷֡ҽǰͼſں÷ɪ˹תͷȥ
û߶ãͣ˽Ų
˹԰֡תͷϴȹսǴһһ߳Ӱ۵һƬȻѾ˶ԷĴڡ
ӦڻҵȺ򣬿ʲôأ
÷ɪ˹ƽʵ
лҪ˵
թƭʦ￴blabla
С֣183ѧѧˣһţ
թƭʦͲͷ
===================================================
С÷ллʦ


18 
һ˶ĵ
˹÷ɪ˹
ʵ鱾Ӧġ˹԰ִµͣҲԼӦáΪһȼӵ׳ֵ˲졣
¶÷ɪ˹ӵǺġ
֮Իе˲죬Ϊ÷ɪ˹ôӸµ̬֣еĲߺ޶ֻ赼µġ
ֱ÷ɪ˹ߺ󣬿˹һֱô˵Լġ
ǣίμӻ飬Ȼ俴ϤӰǱʲôֳ׿һ㣬˹ȥ
ᵽŨŨģһߵȼ۳Ϣء
Ǹ÷ɪ˹ƴӵģ
˶ԷϺͽЩͳݵֻ

˹ԼΪʲôе˷ŭ
÷ɪ˹ˡ
˹ĿϸСġડһ԰˵ɲʲôѺõı֡˵ÿ˹ѹסĵ÷ɪ˹
ֻǡþٵˣˡֻǳ͸͸
ĮػӦ
⵱ȻһԣҲȷ÷ɪ˹ܹʶһ㡣Դ˵ıЦЦؿ˿˹һۡ
ҵͳ浨ӺСҲңұڳʱǰص㣬Ѿǰ֪ͨ޸˻ʱ䡣÷ɪ˹ƽ˵æš͸ûע⵽ɣ
ϲû̫飬ɴʱ÷ɪ˹ڿ˹ȴԵø־  
ôһ˲䣬˹벻ܲ˵سȥԼצӰֻĵѪ˺Ƭܿ侲
Ͼȷ÷ɪ˹ҲΥԸ
ֻ˱ҵ׳棬ǻصġ˹ԼԲ÷ɪ˹ȲǿΪͳ桱
*
硪
ڷɴͼصشһ硣
ǳͼأҺöࡣ
Ϊһ±ϸڵͼԱֵϰԲôߣԼ¹Ҳû̫ڴֵ߽ͼʱǱͷҵľŵˡֻɴӷɴ𣬴žûг뵽
һҲͽṹͰ͸ƳɵǽڣͼĪָʵ˥ܵաббڷŵ͸ͬʮֻЩܸòǳսϼɣܱȥѾˣڷŵٵÿ
ܣԼ֮ǰĲ²ģȻѽΪʲô尲ίͼõľȻ鼮Ǽ￴ơ찡ôΪҴˡСһҹĻʵ۶Һ֮ۡĿ±⡣
ÿֶͨƴԺȴԴѣЧ
ȻռЩ鼮ʱǲ׽ˡ"ؼʣΪͷǵ֪ԲŰЩҲ
һ
ȷӦʱþͷԼѾض֡
ʼЩĿ鼮Ҳ֪վԣͼڽӭ֮·ÿͣǷǳŬذЩ˿һ۾Ϳʼ۵ĳС˵ܵ
ΪļԳ׫д飬Ѿذ㡣
ڳ鼮ܺñϣ鱾ᱡС˵ͨǳأƤڣȥóɻǱ׼ӹɵһ㣬ĨȥżʪĴ
־ǱһһǱʪͬһƤʱܵɿ֡
Ǳͷʱˤ˵ϡ
ȥǱʱĿⲻǱչҳϡ
鼮һ㲻ͬôĲͼм¼¡
ڵ˵һ£ϾȻΪĸںϵԵʶӵֱóڳֶȴһϲͨ
ȻɵؿⱾ鵽ڽЩʲôԭ֮ĸԼk͵k۳ǵĹ¡
һŰײУԼǿ塣
ԭ֮ĸ֮ǰһ壬Ὺɱģʽ
ֿµϰԣȴǵķܷʽйءһȻڵķֳڿʱгȺ䶼ۼһжֻǿײеȺ䣬ʸųԼڷܵ۳ĸ
ǽĸĥһֳȻžܶĳ뿪Щĸ֭ݹĳѽԭͬǿ󣬸ƻһǾͽȺһȨȷȻǽȺһֳڶȺһֵĶ
Ҳ˵ƽʱȺ䴦ԽɾڷֳھԽпܽĸҲζȺԷܳǿĺ
ģҲóޱʱʼնֻǵ͵ȼײǡ塱
ֱԭ֮ĸĳ֡
ֻĳĸͬһͬʱֻڲͬȺ۳Լĳ泲ֳڽЩ۳ӵޱƣʪĳĸ뿪
ҲǳʷϵһΣͬȺۼһȴûпʼɱ

ֲ֪رⱾ鿴
Ȿһֱڽԭ֮ĸĹ£ڲͼϵkȴʼû¶ݡֻ۳ģȴ൱ϸֶŲͼЩι״ԭʼ̬壬̲סզࡣ
ֿۣ֡ʽĳ壬ԭ֮ĸȻһֻ
ǳֱĵһ˵Ǿֵĸζͼ󷭿ĸ͵k߸С˵Ĺʱ۽ǺȻƳһĨӰ
תͷһ
ۡ
ַһ̴ٵľУǾֵ飬ǵӰʵòѸٵת˾̾
һŮ
ʵŮ㲻ʲôŮʵϣʱڳ忴ĿǱŮòֻܳƵ㡣
Ȼ
Ůȫȫֵϡ
Ϊĺ崿ᣬ档ɫľ˫ɵģû˯һĻɫ۾ѩ׵ļô޺ֱֿǳСãг¶С׻
Ȼʱʵ֪ǰĲĸһԶͶӰչֳģҲѹǶԷʵ̬
ԭɣϾֻһ޴ֱСʱ˿̵ֻؿŶԷ֪ܹϢڰίɴϵˣô붼ǳ壬һ˲䣬ؿסһͷ˾ڱĵϵС¹
㣬㣬Ǹã
ֽͰ͵ؿڵŮһк
ŮԼǰ꣬죬Ǻܲ˼Ƶһ
Ǹûŵɣ֡
ǳ͵˵
֪ҵ֣
һ
˹ᵽ㡣Ůشգգ۾΢죬˵֮ǰһֱ磿Ҿˡ

һЩ飬Ҫ㡣
Ů˵


19 
սĵһٶ, в˱˴еġɡ
ǶԳ˺棬̽, Լһ̶ȵĺøУ뷨跨˽ϢռսϲĳʵƬ
ԴƣųҲνġѺɡɣĻվǰλŮʾһࡣ
ͨ죬޵ؿŮ, 㱼ԼѾȵӣҾһ̲˹ðŷۺݵճ
ĴһƬհס
֪Է֡
֪

ͷĵҴܶ, 浽Ҫʱ, ȴøľګͱ׾
ʣʲô
ɰͰ͵ؿڵ, ȻͷǱƵģһĻΨϵȶڲͣǡ
뱿׾˼ȣӶһе㺦ߵĳŮԵȻࡣ
, ̫ˡ
һЦ
кܶܶء
Ůǳ˺ܶܶ⣺ƽʱʲô, ʲôι, δʱ䡭
Ҳͨһϵеʻ, Լܲµĳ, ƽʱõĹϢ, ȻͼЩ, Ŀ˳ѧԼ˳ż硣
ҲΪ, ЩʻУżҲһЩԶԵľʡ
ֳڵĳʵ㹻ֳϸءҪԼİ³᲻úʧ
֣
ңʵǳԭʼ̬ʱ򣬡١ͨдĵ̺״״̬࡮١Ļʵǻ˵ءԭʼ̬࡮١ĻǴŻɣ
֣
ѧֻŮͽѧ𣿰ôô죬ǳһһοԷٵöء
֣ȵȣ

ִ͵ؿǰŮЩ׵ѯȴѯʶԷЩ֪Ǵıдġеġ
Ͼô룬п׵˳ϵѧһΪϲóԼڲѻϲԭʼ̬١ɣ
Ǹ˵Ĳġ
֪ʹѹֱеĹȻң˵ʱǽͰ͵ģȻӲͷƤǳСؿھŮĳЩ뷨
ȻУֻҪһŮ˫ɫ۾ǻеڸĻңÿһ仰˵ÿĿİͰ͵ġ
ԼԼʱ̲Ǻܸߵӡ
ɼľګֱ׾ŮȻԵøĺͿݡ
ֽӵĺ̹ϸУĪָеЩϤ
ĳģͷһ˲ϸ̽
ŮΪʲôôɰ־ԼĶҪˡ
ò׵ɰͰ͵ֳʶصǿһ£ʵԳԭ playڲʲôĸͲȤڹǳѵرһʻ
㡭
ʲô֣
ֱʶԷֵģһ϶Է峺ߣ˲ֿˡ
㣬ϲࡣ
ʳڵĻĪ䡣
Ůһ
ϲ𣿡
üͷ΢΢𣬷·ʲôƵġ
ãǺȻͨƵģչһЦ
ҲϲȺء
Ȼô˵ʱŮȻС׻Ƶ崿С
ȻȴŮ仰Īش˸ս
ǡʲô˼
ֲ
Ůһһֵķ߹
֮ǰΪͻŮһֱܲҶŮ֮ľŮΨһһ㲻˱׼ĵط
Ůηǳĸ
ȥֻҪԿһ㣬ֱʶŮѾ183Լ
ͷ͵شǰӵȳ塣
ꡭ
ȫûʶԼߴѹȸУŮһָں촽ǰ¶һ۵Цݡ
һСܰɡ˵ƬУϲֻһǾҵˡ
ֻһ²ʶŮ˵ʲô۾
ȵȣԷ˵ǡ
Һϲҵˣ˵жһ޶Ĵڣһ˵ŮһḧԼؿڡҺ֮ҪģҲҪ˽ڵ硣
ҪĻԸΪһСء
գգ۾ͫĳŮע⵽˴˿ǰӵ׳꽩Ӳı顣
òҪŶ
Ůգգۣ͡
ֻҲŮǸࡱ˵ǿҰ
ֻϧȴֵ˲
ŮѾˣֿԽˣѹ֮ǰô෱ֳѽӣʲôڲѵص⡣
һֶ̣֪ԼӦΪ֮´ڱеȣΪԼݵİȻΪжеʹˡ
߽У
Ĵ˿̣Ů۵׵ȴɢȥ
Ҳ֪ʲô˫һͫȾ
ĺѶ
Ů̾һڸ˵
С͸¶ҵһСëʱ˵ǸͲСëϲ
ԼԸоõŮʱ仯
ǴŮĵ䣬ƺЩģ
̲ס۾ۻ˰ɣڸղŷǳݵһ˲䣬񿴵ʲôֵĶŤ޴ʲô
ӰӲʱʵ̫ˣ̵һգ۵ĹѾʧҰеȻ崿˵ĳŮ
ŮĿ֮С
ǴһԺҲûгҵǰ֣ϲΪʲôأʵԸİȴҪ˵ûϵȱҲϲҡ֪ĻҾʲô˵ˡ
⼸Լļ尾ӿİ޴ʹࡣ
Ůɫ˲쳣ӡ
ŮֻƬֺƴճˡ
һȫСط˸ҵ࣬ƯһƭƯӸࡣ
ţ˺ģƶ˵ˡ
ȻͨŮֻҪһ۾ҪüͷĴڣȴԶµ崿峹ˡ
˵ûм棿
ֲŵʵ
Ҳ֪֪ĵַ֪κʵϢȻ㻹飿
Ů޹֡
İİ˵ҿԸоõϲҵġ
֣
Ůֺʵֵܱˣƭҵġ


20 
ʹļס
ȵ, ˵
ŬȰ˵ǰŮҪƭɾʱͼҵĴȻ˴򿪡
֣
ɫӰһӶ, ١
÷ɪ˹
ѧˣ
ֲؿͻȻѧ
ڿͼ֮, ǵӰʱ÷ɪ˹ϳһ˿ѷ졣
һ, ǳٶֶԸܵõ÷ɪ˹ϵϢøͼɵ
ʥߵ¡֪ѽ, ίʧԶӭ¡
ûַӦ, ÷ɪ˹Ѿ΢΢Ůͷһ
ϣҵͳδʧ, ÷ɪ˹, մоȳ, δܹκѵ, ¼¡
ԭ, ÷ɪ˹İί԰Ⱥ֮Ļеû˳ʵһ£Ͼ, λĵ۹ʵ, մʥߵ˥, ̨ıѾüޡ
µ̨Ŀǰƿ, ʥ߽Ψһļλߡ
Ȼ, ڹȥ, ˶еѡʱ, Ϊѡ, ȴڳ˼ҵ顣
Ϊŷǳǳصȱݡ
ĸֵԶǿ󣬿ľ״̬ȴⲻȶ
еĳ嶼ͳһĹʶǷӡ
ĳ⣬ǰĴڱӦǱģӰ쵽Ⱥİ
ļ˥Լһλ뿪Ҳû˱ѡ
һǣڹȥļʮίΪѺˣһֱ԰ļλʾǿҷԡ
ǲ԰֣ںܾ֮ǰѾϵС˵˹԰ΪάϵȺ밬֮ϵԸΪ˺ߵġͳ桱
ǵһ㣬ί԰֮κϿǰίıӪͶϵҪ
Ȼһнչ˳ʱ÷ɪ˹ȻյǿҵľźţͼµԶԼͼݵԶ̶˿ڣĳڣֱӴʶͼˡ
ǿҵĲԤ÷ɪ˹ȻֱͼҶ
ʵڵ֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ѾУȻۿʥ߾ݵվǰʱ÷ɪ˹ǸеһԵĿ־塣
ԸԼֻҲϣɵվڶԷǰ
ڰǰʵ̫СˣСֻҪ΢СһйľֱӰӽһ̲
ǣûκܹµֻӵ뷨Ҳ޷Ԥκξٶ

÷ɪ˹ļɵʵ̫ԣֿ壬ڲԷĽ֮ĳֱΪɫøٶ۵Σ״Ҳָһ㹦ܡ
һĭ΢һ㷢ɡ
ѧôµ˲ôֻʣ¡
֣
÷ɪ˹ٻ֡
ֵϾҪ÷ɪ˹ķߣɽŲһ㱻סˡ
ᣬġŮЦһ¡
Ȼתͷ塣
÷ɪ˹ˡ
λλѡºͶ۵һƬ档
ͳ̫ɰˣҺϲҰɡ
һúġ
ֺһͣŵؿԷ
˿ɰŮ÷ɪ˹ҪʱȴҪʲôֵǮС̹Ȼ
ԡ
ʵЩߵȼ۾ӵȳԭǲֵǮС
־̵÷ɪ˹δʶԼǿʳĳΨһ̾ѧ
Ҳֻѧ
*
Ҫֵһ˲䣬÷ɪ˹ڶԷǰֳԼԭʼΡĻ൱ֱֻ汸ѡˡ
Һͷ÷ɪ˹ҧǿѹԼӿĺڰ档
ˡ
÷ɪ˹ţͷ͸ЩƵĳеϸ΢Ħ
ĳʹͷԼı顣
ĵȼǳ£֮ǰһֱо䵱ʵ⣬Գһ֪޷ʤͳְ
ûͳ氡
ЩԻ˵
¶ɣҵԴ÷ɪ˹ˡ
ѡЩάֲס̬壬ǳ޹ʵ
ܱǸ£Ҳܽ͸
÷ɪ˹˻˻˵
˵ǳҪ
÷ɪ˹ֱ壬۾˿̾Ǳһ㣬ͬʱĴǺͿʼ¶
ͼڵġŮƫƫͷ
ֻƷӵ¶ĶռȻǿ

ѪἫѹƵĵǿ簬ĳǰʵ̫ˡ̽ſѪеǹɽϢңԶ˶˵ĳ泲ʵ̲ס䶯һ¡
Ȼеˡ
ͼצѪᣬݵԥһ¡
ƽʱϰߣʱӦþֱӳԵʳʳ=ͼΥ־orɴֻǲɳǰĳ壩ȻȤڳ泲ˡ
ǽֵĽ̸֪һ£Ǿͨ˵ϣԼİ̫֡
ԼӴʵ壬˳Ĭ
ðɡ
÷ɪ˹Ѿ׼ӭӰĹʱȴǰĹѡʧ̾Ϣ
ġ
ǳѹ˵
Ůؿһ֮ǰԼµꡣ
֮ǰῴ࣬޴ˣֻʣսͿ־塣׾Ҵĳ塰Ůؿ˶һ˿ǳģĪĵ䡣
ֹѹðȻɺ
ĺϲء
־ؿ촽϶ûѪɫˡ
лллĺ񰮣ɣҡƴԺѹŴȻթƭʦĸ߶˿γҲûᵽӦԡ
ˣˡ
ɫҵ֣Ĭһ֮Ӳ˵
ȻͿǵõʲôĬһֱԽֱѪȺֻмСĸ˹ȥ

Ȼǳ塣
ĵƺиô԰˵
Ըûϵֵֻ׳ôɰ˵׻ǱȲС֡
ϾСֵĻѾֵôˣһοĵġ
*
ʥߵ뿪ĵһ
÷ɪ˹ŴһĹսս̽ͷʱǸ崿Ůʧ
ʲôʱߵģ
ܾ֮ȻиеЩôֱӹڵϡ
÷ɪ˹Ҳ֮ǰڵķλɫ쳣ɭ
㿴ֻǰͶӰʵ廹Լĳ泲֮ڡ˵Уǲǡǡ

еıͶ˲䶳ᡣ
ȵȣǡǡ˼ǡ
ǰʥߣҲһε档
˵۳棿ôƯӣǣеģܱǵ棿
ֱּ֪ԼΪһ顣
ĵͼٴθ÷ɪ˹ȷʱȴתȻһѽѹԼĻ
ѧ
ֱڳӲĻ֮У÷ɪ˹ʵ̫ˣһִ·ǰѧһҪǶԼһ㡣
еʹѧڸʲô
ʶس÷ɪ˹ְǰ빷ȵıԹ̧ͷ÷ɪ˹ʱʱδ˵Ļȴ˺
÷ɪ˹ʱı飬ָеЩ¡
ҲһӦð㡭
һǳɳƵĺ
ʹϸ÷ɪ˹ȴս촽ٿ
ѧúܽ
ֿԸоһ㣬ʵڱ߾ʱ־ͷѧӲˣط꣬ɳѧǼ⻹ţԵðӲ
ʱ÷ɪ˹ﶯõֻޱزѧڵֽ֮ǰȫһϸ˵ĻڵֱǡǱŻһ
ͷԺʱԼûĵЦ
Ͼô룬ɭҲã÷ɪ˹ҲãŻˡʶ
ĵ׳ЦԼĺ˼룬ɾͬһʱ̣־Լ־һ̧ȷӦʱֲŷԼȻޱȷػرס÷ɪ˹
ܵظųӲı
ûˣѧذǰˣ㿴Ҳǻ𣿱ҺѾƵġ


21 
ָеο÷ɪ˹ʧ̬ûг̫á
ڵù߹ıն֮ǰ, ڷſ
´ˣһ취ܿ
÷ɪ˹˵
ҲԤС
ǲָ鷳ˣ
ֵ̿ʵ
÷ɪ˹ǰΪ־ɫ԰׵, һ뵽Ǹֱ׳ԼҪʱ, һ˶ֻ򲹵ǿ⡣
֮ͬʱͿģжԼСķߺޡ
Լܹǿһ㡣
Լӵиֻһǿʵ

Ͳٵֱ˶ˡ
ûϵ
һ, Ӧ
ֻǷǳɵǸӶѡҵ
ȫԶͶӰְίɴ
ţ÷ɪ˹΢һ°ķ̶, ǳ򵥵ؾԭŵҪֱøɪɪղźڲ֪ڹŹһȦ
ղ÷ɪ˹΢ûסԼ͸ǸĵŮװ̬ԼܸûӦֱӱɱ˰ɣ
Ǻܹ÷ɪ˹Ŀ˲С
ѧľΨһľݰɣ
˵֮ǰֱȵľҵ̶ֻһٵĻ, ôһصΣֶڵ÷ɪ˹µг̶Ѿ١
ôѧ, ղѧѾ˰ɡؿ, ˶, ǳϵؿ÷ɪ˹, Улл㱣, ѧܹ㡭ĺˡ
԰ϴ´ҲҪСҰȻĻ
вϵ÷ɪ˹
, һġ
÷ɪ˹ֿһˡ, ɫ΢, Ƭ̺֣µضԼĳŵ
*
Сʱ󡪡
ڰίɴġ
ֹ԰̸ֵУȺǣ, ѡػǨԾʽء
÷ɪ˹ޱسſĴԱԼָ
ʵ̫ͻȻ, ޱȾη÷ɪ˹ĵͼ, ҲɷԻѯʡ
÷ɪ˹ˣô£ǲ԰ֽǢ𣿿֮ǰǵĻһжġ
һȻؿʵ
ǰ¼̨ǸƸһλµˡ
һδԼ¿ָ֣ϵɫ
ûн͡
ִ
ǿһ飬ɫ˫ͫɨָ·ڶ塣Ƕע£Ҳûκһֻ嵨ҷһɡ
֮ǰȿڵֻƲסط˶
ôء
⼸ϢԶ֮ǰºͲ٣ʼն÷ɪ˹Ѫᡣ
ǸѪĹ̹١
Ѫѹڿг÷ɪ˹ԸʼȻж԰ֽӵϵǿ˳岿形֮ǣ
һȻľٶò԰ַ治ϴѯϢ÷ɪ˹ȴֱж˫֮ͨѶٶһֱ۲ã
÷ɪ˹ԼȻΪض԰Ż˹ϵֹ
ֱֻΣա
Ͼίڹȥʮһֱǿҷ԰ʥ߿ɲǵԷѣǵķǻڶ԰ĵ֮ϡ
ֻΪĹԶֻзͻ
˭֪ʲôΪʲô
ҲΪʮ˽Էôƽɾشͼ뿪÷ɪ˹ĸͲǷɣǸĽ䱸
ԤУֻｫٴε
һΡ
*

ңԶǿ
۹ĵصס
ڣʪĳ泲֮ڣʥߺȻص˦˦Լβ͡
ֻΪļȻһƬӳ΢ĻɫĹ⡣
֪Ȼͨһ¡
ҪֶֻѡֻѪɱȻֻҪҾͲ᳤˰
ڰУԼ쳣Ӵ壬涼ˡ
ΰĳ泲ΪСҲ˶Щ޴ʯȴûж԰κ˺ЩصĻҾͬɰһɨī鲼ëĺʵƤ봥ţȻĶΪѹΪ촷ۡ
Ƭ̺ΪضݵʯУȻðżƤ֡
һ̽죬ܿռƬ
鲼ںɫʱɫ˺嫵ǿա
ֲԡ
ڲǰ¶ļʵĳԼһ־ʹֱڳصԭʼ壬һƬİʡˮĸӯسǿڿնȥ
*
𿿽
ͬһʱ̣ίɴǿ뽢ǿãý÷ɪ˹ڵȻѡ
ܾԼƺһجΡ
Ӧһ൱µجˣʱԼ˶ʪˣҺԼ˶ģر
Ȼ˿ֲΣѵһ˲㻯еһǻ룬ҲֻһЩڰĻɫ㣬һŲ䶯塣
ˣϸ룬ԽͷԽΣһеġ
ַŶͷһʹ롤һŴӴһ·ײײ˲ڵϴҡ
ԭĴǳԼģ˯ֲ֮е㲻̫Ծ
֪ԼجԳ˺ܶ亹˭Ϊʲô亹ڲϵУΪʲôһֵɫôأ
ֶ˯¿һᣬ΢šһ·õһ΢ճ֭Һ
סСһڡܵ㣬ϸ΢ζĳڻĸ
ţ֣ǴԼðĻ÷ǳǳζҺ塣
ɡ
˲ʶʲôֵתȻЩҺƺǴԼĳ͸ġ
ҵù˶ݵ̬֮С
ȷʵ֪ĸĳһ˻ڳۣ֪ΪʲôڣǳȴȻһֿʼת
ںò׼ԼеŮֶԷǸŮװ̬ӣûƴԭ֣һ183еģվԡ﷢Լʼˡ

һһ߾ʧؽ·ˮˮϳˢǼ͸֭·Ѿһš
ԼѾʷʫˣүƺô롣
үãٲһ㡣
ԾæͼϴɾǼ·ԼʱԡȴԤ׵رˡ
֣
÷ɪ˹ԡſڣԡڵĿԡ
ѧ
ִؿ壬ȫӲ
뵵ˮЮǹҪڸǵ㣬˲סſڵĸߴ塣
÷ɪ˹Ϣһ˲Ĳȡ


22 
뵵ˮ֮, ߴЩģ壬ǣ˫ɫʱȴȻúǳǳ, ö¹ҡ
ҲΪʪǱʲôԵʣʱַԼĸ֪һӱᵽѧζ, ֶڳζ, ǳۺ, ǳдڸ, ڲԸߵȼϢ, ԼûзǶ˱ĳʼԾ΢΢񶯡
еӿճŨ
Լ, ΪԼǱȻֵ÷ɪ˹ŵˣϾһŻһܾžͺ亹ʲôɡ
֮ǰͬʱ˲͸оԼ, ڳ˸֭ЩճҺĳ, ȻһһΣʼ˳ıȥ
ѧ, ѧôˡ
ֿԡſڵ÷ɪ˹ʵ
ֻ⵽졣
÷ɪ˹ش
Ϊ֮ǰ飬ǿ˶ֵļӡֵֵ˳ֵ˲, ÷ɪ˹̸ϵ˶Էߡ
ֻ, ǰί߼ҲûԤϵԼĻĳ档
ʪˮУѾ𽥳ųתֵ̿ؿֻдڴ, ˳, ǵε, ʵġ
¶ĳۡ
ֻ𡭡ˣڲ˵ѧã
е˼Լ۵ĳϣԼΨһľ
Ҫ˵ȫ֪ΪʲôԼȻǼٵġ
֪Լĸ϶ΪһʱﵹҲĹһ㣬Ͼĸڳߵȼ˵ʵںֵϸϸо
ϸ˵ֵʱû̫ǡ
ںһĳĸкֻһֻȫûз׳档
֪ĸֻ泲ѡԼ֮ŻῪʼۡ
ϾҲֻڵõ㹻ֳϸԴѵ£kҪȥҽѾõĳתΪڷ
ʵϣҲҲͬĵŮԿ϶ҲڻԺŻ˷ʼ鲸
ĸҲһ
۵ĿʵĺС
ֱݻι̵ĿһС
ֵʱôοԼġ
ȻܷȴϷˣ̶̼֮ڣĸپûʱʼתѾԳɹ֭ˡ
ҲΪʲôֻ˻ҡ
رǾڲǰͼҵһ⣬ʱҪʲôһ㳯÷ɪ˹ҪǸٶֿ̹ĵᵽŪʳײ㡪ںϵֻһֻƽȼӵ¶ѧŻܹž껤
ǣһֻģǰx˵ĳĸأ
ֻǰ˰Ļ壬ЩĻ뿪۹صȥ
ѧΪȥԿ
ֿɲô档
ҲܱȥЩҺȫֵĿƣͲء
ôΪ֮Ҳֻпܲܽ¶ͬҲܷ֭Ūȥ
˳㻹һѧΪ߼ѧܲܽ޴
˲ͨйֳ֮׶˱һԷԼ۵ܸ߳Уޱȼеֱ÷ɪ˹ǰתúܹؿԼʪı
ԼڲϷ֭ĳҡ
ţӦ˵ˡ
ұ⣬ҵ˼ǣҵĳĪͿʼ۰ûо𣿡
رżѯ÷ɪ˹
ָǡ𣿡
ߴƺĬһ˲ȻøⰵƵʵ
ԣ԰
һĭŻŵ˵
ȵ¶ȷʵҲĸһ֭İɡ
ĳùĻУ÷ɪ˹ĬţһһҲ߽ԡҡ
һָʵ壬÷ɪ˹ѪѾǰίĸ߼٣ڰίɴϵĲҲѸͬԱĲշ㲻ݻͬģԡҲʵڳƲϿ
һԡȴһ183ĳһ߼壬Щơ
ҲΪ÷ɪ˹ֵĳʱּҪԼ˶ҪǶ÷ɪ˹ĻȥˡָеһЩ̫ȻܿʶΪʲô÷ɪ˹Ҫôֻ֣ʳִָָ˿̵ĳһֱֱˤȥ
Һ÷ɪ˹ֱסˡ
˻ѧ̫ء
÷ɪ˹ôһ˶֨ҽ
ںϡ
˼Ӻ÷ɪ˹ǳƽ˴𰸡
ںϣʲô˼
÷ɪ˹仰ϥǲһѧﵹȥ
ųĻ򣬵ǳĻҪǿܶࡣǿȾֵĻҽɳ塣÷ɪ˹˵ɫ΢΢ֻ̰޴׳ɢ㡣
ںϡ
˵
ֵ˲ðġ
һоȡҵ˼ǣںϹûпתֵɫ˲òҰף˵ʼЩ״Ρ
ѧ֪ģҾԲȫںϳɳģҲܳΪӣôȼһ֪ܵͣڳֵطǻȥģѧҲҪһӴ׸ɡ
¡
÷ɪ˹ǰ˵
ȻһֻЩƣȴû̫
ɱԶ֪ʱֵĿֶôȡ
ȵļֻ̬ƵѪ¶Ŀǲϸ̵ƬֻһףֻһͿԳ׵׵ĸģ޷ļȻڴڷ˱˵֭
ǺܶǰѪϿԼλȨصĸǶЩ¶
˱
ɡ
ʡ
ֱЩ̵ģ;ǳ䵱ԴСΪȡ֭޺鴤Ϣ̱Ѫɺľ޴֮¡
Щ÷ɪ˹ʹеĵļ䣬ڴʱȴһõɫĹΡĳڻеʶԼȷʵŸԼͬһӶµѪ
ֱ֭Ҫ衣
Ȼ
ѧҵģ԰ɣ
ֵ·쳣ңԶĵطȴ÷ɪ˹ҡҡ׹˲
Ȼ÷ɪ˹һһسԼſĿӦԼֻһֻδȫ׳棬ʵ̫ۣڳ۵ζʵ嵭ҲΪѪջڵ÷ɪ˹ʧصĳ̶ȡ
÷ɪ˹
£һġ
Լƽȵߵضǰ˵
ţллѧ
ֱű÷ɪ˹ƣ˸м
ڷͬʱȴʼСƳԱˮڸǶԵðɵľӡ
һֱǸʵӰӴӸղſŤ̬һعӦеֵĲŲΡΡԭء
ѽˡ
־ԼһƬʪ󣬶֪ΪԡˮȾΪղűų亹
ѧղŵǴ㡭
˲Ҫ벻Ҫ͵ʲô֪
һĭתʱ۵һƬ峺
ͺδ÷ɪ˹ŵһ
*
Ӻ󡪡
϶ˮԡϴ衣
÷ɪ˹ȳ׳ϴϲ֭Ϊ֮׼
ֳϴ϶֭ͬʱĳ⣬ޱؿԼָ⡣
ãҲ޷סԴѪĿ
ǳϸԼָϲһ˿ϸϸ𡭡ǸղᴥʱΨһõһ֭

崹̾
һθۣⱲƷģϵζ


23 
Ƭִ̺ԡ˳
÷ɪ˹ᵽϳʪˮԼһĨƲȥ, ֮ǰǹɹǵϢˮĳˢȷʵࡣ÷ɪ˹ȴһ̱֮ǰѰΪѾֵ֪ĳ۾жôζ
ǳֹѹ޷ѹסܵĿĺ˶е˴ʹ
÷ɪ˹Զͣ˽Ų
ѧѧ
һ, Ŀɿɨ÷ɪ˹ʱɫǳɫ˫
۾޻ʸ, ͸ĿԼú󾱷
, һ֮ǰھ￴ǸʵӰӡ
ǿѹסĲһĵӡ
ϣһðɡжԼ˵
*
ǰթƭγ, λʦĿκ󸨵, ʱȥºֵֵ°ϸ۲һ
֮ʲôѸӲʱ, ͿһСһҲ취, Σ̫, ȷʵʺáΣͷͿǸӲ磬ȻԼһֻԲůر˹ˡ
ֵʱ±ơ
֪Լϲʱܻᱻ, ̫ҪˣԹȱ߿ȥ˹
ŶԷͺá, ǧҪ˵
ּǵõʱԼر
һΪʲôҪԼ˹
ȻҪϸѯʦʱԷȴ˵
һҪǮġ
֣ˡ
Ҳȷʵ˺üΣͶ·ֻ֮ѡʦķ
޷ǾԼȻű
ԾֲǮ
ֵʱôġ
ȻӳʦǮǮѵʱ, , ʦѾ˼ˡ
ǺΪֹҲΪɶһԼôá
*
ھԼڳʼʧȥơ
, ֵ˱ʹһеΣʱ˰
̾
ϴˣô죿
ѧѯʣ΢͸ŵ
÷ɪ˹Ŀʪġ
һֻͰ͵ģĶֻҪŵСС˹
÷ɪ˹Ĭ˺һ
ȻſʾֵԼķԸ£ֽһȥƵĺɫƤݵֱߡ
ѪȺһֱ¶ڵĳųѰԳϲѪᶼл¶ΪԴĴͳ¶˵ⲢʲôѪѪиٹ̵ǿҶռǼڲóʱҲҪʱʱ̿ƿ¶һУǶԷڳЩ֭ǰ嵹ǲѪΪ¶۶񣬿Щ۶˵ȻǼµζ
Ѫרŵߣһֿס¶ٵĽ
ֽɺɫľԼӾɡһȫƹʹߵؿȻڶԷıϷֲзǳϸС˴̣Ƥ˲䣬ǻ¶٣Ȼ󲻼ϵͷųٵϢأϢģѪϳۺϢ
ڽܵϢ¶Զֹͣڳۡ
ҪһǣЩ͵ظ¶ϷҲζţֻ¶ֳκγ嶼ܴ¶ȡһ˿㡣
÷ɪ˹еĺɫɫ΢Щӡ
ǵģʵΪԤõĶ
ЩڰͷȫռʱȷʵСƭȫԼĽԴǸƻӴҲ޷ƿء
Ҫ֪ЩƵ˴̿ͷŵĿɲֻǵ޺ϢأǱĶ
ǺֱֳֿĵǸȴ÷ɪ˹Ǹ뷨
ΪԼѾõּζĵߡ
ɴĿǰȴòóˡ
ĳ̶ԶԶ÷ɪ˹ԤڡΪҪǵִ÷ɪ˹һƿصطΧڲŻῪʼںϣȴѾʼڳˡ
ӿ͹۽Ƕ˵ίɴϻѪԱϵɢȥ»൱̶ȵĻҡ
˽˽ǶϿΪĶռ÷ɪ˹Ҳκһֻ֮ĳ壬һ˿һĻ᳢ֵ㡣
ȵȣѧ˵ⶫҪҪͷͷŻѧϢأⶫ᲻ʲôð
÷ɪ˹̵ĽܣȻûи֪ڳĽζʲôеš
ǲ÷ɪ˹ʵΪ˿еġôô֣׾뵽ĳЩxpصȺ
Ǹ絼˱¹ʾ֣ΪֹǶʲôɫƤȦɶĳӰ
ѵ·֡
µò׵ȥһЩƺֱŨһЩ÷ɪ˹ǿѹԼ屩Ṵ̋ıԣ쳣Ӳسǰ֪˵
ллأҲǸ֪÷ɪ˹˿̵ĲԾ˼˳ӵ˳ķԸ
һ·һνԼı̻¶ҰΧ
ĳ굥ıϣΪһٷЩס÷ɪ˹˵һСʱԭѾϴҲɾΧַʪˮ⡣
ַһЩ֭
Ƕڳĸ˵Ƕ¶˵۵ķʱ䶼ǲ̫ġеĸзڹٵ⣬еĸΪڹʣ״
Ȼںߡ
÷ɪ˹ֱضֳ۳֭һȻԸָڲЩ۵ë
ȻʼҪִϵĽ
ɫƤǵʱʢŭеΪѡɫܶǰԷʱ÷ɪ˹;ãֺʺϺɫ
һΪЩڹ¶ԺԲôȱյµѪɫһԵʣʵͨҪܶࡣ΢̫ģ·΢΢͸ɫһİף׵ƤԿɫѪ򡣵ĺɭܿƵ־ľݼʹǸʱһֱΪؿڻ֮ȥĹŹֿǳʳ
ķǳʺϱȫڵ֮¡
Ȼ˿÷ɪ˹ȴʼЩԼѡʺֵɫ
Լָ⣬ԼڷָѾ˼ɺ֫ˣڼ˿ܵڱ֡
÷ɪ˹ԸоԼڷֱ
ʱ˿̵Ĵڣֻ׾ɱĸߵȼ壬ֻһֻӵȵģû˿˳Ƕ塭
Ȼ֮ңɢȶȣǹ·˿һƶ÷ɪ˹
ͺ÷ɪ˹ִֻе
Ȼ󣬾ڷֽëݵ÷ɪ˹ʱ΢΢һѧ
Ǹѧ
ԥһ£ȻЩεЦЦ
Ѫǲͦϲ¶һڵģ㿴ǰɣҲ˵ˮޣҵ˵ʲôǴҶֵܣҵ˼ǣϴպ֡ѪᣬѪָպϲۡ
ԭɣ˵ҲղԡҲֻϴ裬˼
Ȼ˼ģ÷ɪ˹ʧ̬
Ѫ¶ر񫣬֪ġԸղѧֻǲܲ˰ɡ
ôš
ݹ飬ЩʵǲܱŵģԽŵԽʧȥǡ
µģ÷ɪ˹ʧȥǡϾѧľΨһ̣һʧأĿ϶÷ɪ˹ǽߵԼ
ҶеģԳֲʹֲܱһѧ˵ĸۻܶѧеôء
ֱˮͷ嵽ţԿԽԽȣȻ¶˾ĸѧ˵˵¡
һжúܺãⴿһ˫Ӯķ
÷ɪ˹Ŀ£Լ֪ΪʲôĪʼ
Ҫѧһ¡ҵۣ


24 
ָо÷ɪ˹Ϣͣһ˲
һ, ȻеһתͷԼѾ˼ֱֱѹ˴ϡ
ѧ
־ֵ۾ܵҪ÷ɪ˹ʵ̫ǿ, ֱӰס, ׾ٵؾͿסж
ҴӴ˿ֱϸ΢ĴʹĴ, ԣϵѾǳ̬, Ѿ滯һ֫塣
Щĳֱ֫ϻ˺üϸϸѪۡ
ִʱɹ˲עԼϸ΢ʹ
Ϊ÷ɪ˹
˵û̫, ɶǰദľ黹̺̾ʢŭ
ҳۣ, ֣˼𣿡
һ÷ɪ˹˲ֲԤС
, ûб˼ҾǾãѪȻϲ¶ĳ, ôҲ˷ˡ
ֻҵΪԼɻû˵꣬ĳЦŴ
ǰ
÷ɪ˹ֵı˵
Ѫ, , Ѫ¶ĳۼտǹǵĳ۽֮ơ, ֣֪֪ΪʲôѪҪ¶۳Ϊơ𣿡
ûֻش, Ѿлش
ΪֳۿǾһѪ۶Ѫ񾭴̼, һȡͻѪȫƲסԼڹȥ, Ѫ˺ܶܶ¶, ֻҪһ, Ϳܶࡣ
Ѫʢʬ֣Щʬ壬ܶ඼ֻʣһյƤˣи࣬ʬ嶼
÷ɪ˹𽥱ñƽȣڽʲôһ˵Щ¶Ѫ顣
ֶȴΪֶӲ
ĺζ̫ζˣôԲ
÷ɪ˹ڼ
ֵı󣬼֫ĳȥ
÷ɪ˹һԼͬذװ֣֫һ
£ֻҪԲͷͿԶѪԭʼżɲ
һֻךģһĳ塣
Ǹȫͬࡣ
÷ɪ˹ó۾֡
ʱлᷢϸСĦ
ԵѪᰴ಻סȻĿԣȻôº˱Բۣô͸ɴһСҲ˺ɡЩ¶ھʹпʼУޣΪʲôվĻǵ˻˲бǻƴġûã۶ôѪڳ۵¶ɡ
մ֭ѪҺҲԺȣҲԳȥ¶ĹͷǴģ֪𣬾˵ѹͷ飬Ժȵͬ۵Ĺ衭
÷ɪ˹ĵмҪ޳
ɣǣѧ
ҲѪᡣ
÷ɪ˹˵
ûֻҪ΢ʧһ㡪ͻҵһѣȻʬ塭
˵÷ɪ˹Ȼͣס
ڼµķŭУȻȥĻ档
ҽֵԼЩɫңϢ¶ʬصһ
÷ɪ˹ȻкɫĻȼգֱҪǰСƭӡ
ôҡôô׾پ˵Ļ
ڳ£޴ɪز
ֺ˷ϾһֻҪֺúͿźܺõЧȻһΣȻ÷ɪ˹ǱҪ׼ŭˡ
ּԵҪԼ塣һִ屾ܡϾĳɳڼ䣬ģʽһֱǹ̶ģҪô뷨跨ֺˣҰһӸǿҰ޿ֵһڳԵģҪôڲСǵˣڱ߾ӵĹ¶ԺѲǵˣСҲһȻ󱻺ݺݵһ١
һ÷ɪ˹ŭѾԤе֮Լܵʹ
ѧҴˣ֪ˣԺ󲻸ˡ
ָ֪Լˡǰչ黹թƭʦĽ̳̣ӦŶԡ
ʧȥѪɫ˫Ҳﲻκκ˵Ļ
ֻڱܵ׾Ļ÷ɪ˹ġ
ңԺҲˡ
ޱȳʹ˵
Ϊ˱ʾԼʶԼ˼ϵǳ֪ϵ棬ּѵ֣ץһԷֵݹë־ҪԼǸµĳ۸ɾ
һͱס
ǣڵ֪ˡ
÷ɪ˹ɭɭ˵
Ѿˡ
֣
һ̣Ȼ
̴ֶٵؼһһ촽ȴ÷ɪ˹ĳֱ֫Ӷס
Ĵ̼촽ϴ̳Ѫ顣
ִŻǿϸСʹ࣬ɴʱļĴ̼ȴȫܿƵģݺһҧǿ׾˺ĳ֫ˡ
ֵҵǣ˵Լ֮ǰĳֻʱı˾ֲ̬֫
˫ĳ֫˱޳Եָ
ȻҲȻû÷ɪ˹һ˿ݺۡ
෴ȴ÷ɪ˹ѹƵøʵ

Ѫͨȡ֭ϸСʪˮڰί߼ٵĲշϸϸ
ֽ֮ȾһĨѹֲסĺʡ
ͨɺĳ屳¡ԭһֱڱ֮µĽڲ֪нչظ˴ֻȡʳСڵϡ

ȵ÷ɪ˹ڽѾһš
ùİ˰棬αװɵġ¶һֱ˿̲ʶһֻƷԼ֭ʲô
˺üˣȻȫ޷ȴһֱ˿̻ڲ΢΢Ųϸǽ˺ˮᡣ
أѧ
Ժ󡭡ġҲˡ
ͨʵʶԼ֮ǰж׳գһεĳŵԶ֮ǰ÷Էθ
ԸıһҲ˵ʲôֵˬˬִˡ
յǲˣҲڲκһζҺ壬۾Ƭľ֮С
Ҫ˵֮ǰ
ⱲӾԲҪԵڶĿ¾
̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ԼҪˡ
κһֱж޷ܵľһجΡ
ѹѧ֮ǰôޱʹĵ
ҲһСʱǰǸɵԼȡ
ֱеŷǳԵĻҰϢ
֮󣬶ԷԵñ֮ǰӴˡǶԱĳЩͰ͵ģ굥ı֮ϣżԿЩûȫɾ֭
÷ɪ˹ͣ˺һ
ŶԷϲĳۿ˺һżѵƿߡ
ߵȼλͷľ޴ۣȫȫɫ״ĴȻͷÿһСƬ۽ڸ֪Ȼδز׽ſ۵
÷ɪ˹Ѫɫñ֮ǰκʱҪޣ޵ʺɫŨþǸոոʱ罦Ѫ
һԼѪӲļךִʱ״̬ܹ΢һĻŻƴƨ÷ɪ˹׺ϵȸѪ죬Žʯò
Ǵʱֻ÷ɪ˹صشĵĻ֮С
ǵ˼ʵ̫ڷˣȫûע⵽÷ɪ˹ڳֲ˳֮ϵСС仯
÷ɪ˹Щǿشӳԭʼָ̬̬ԭ׾پͿɵתȴԤʱ䡣
⿴ʱ侲ı飬ǺѲʲô
㡭𣿡
һҲ֣ܶһ֮Ӳʵ
УҵȻУû£Ҫһ
÷ɪ˹ҪʱĶãȴһвУжʱһɾǿ֮籡̾ҧѧ¶˸ǿЦݡ
ţȻʵϣֻ嶼ѾȫȫͿˡ
Ϊ˱ⱻѧԼ飬Ŀ΢ܿҵ˿תƻĻͷ
ѧ
Ŀ÷ɪ˹ı
ĳȻǽɫ𣿺ر𰡰ҵԳȥˡ
ģСһ㡣
ΪȻʶһ£ǾһֻѪ壬Բʲôɫĳᡣ
÷ɪ˹ĳ򣬲ġ
ģһԴֲ÷ɪ˹ϵĽᡣ


25 
ڳ˵, ӵо޽е塣
ָѦ콱ѧʱѪͬһĽڶЩܲˣԳϰԷĳ
Ȼֵ˵ѹ, һ漰Լĳ, Ⱥֱ͸޴Բ¡Լĳ̶ȣںԼ֮Ƕ⡣
ĳ̶ֳԳӵпԭ, Ͼڳ˵൱Ҫ٣żսžصá
ðɣһ˵, ٻǱԵĳЩٸһЩ
ڳ˵Ҫоʱжض׼Լ״Ҫݳ״
˵, ӵɫĳͨζŸĵλϸߡ
ɫǳǱӵȳҪ
Ȼʱֿ÷ɪ˹Ľ, ֻϣԼ˽ڳ˵жҪͺˡ
Ļ, ٻ취ҳơǸҲ˽塱ĽڣѴ˿εĳܹȥǵģ÷ɪ˹ʱûκα, ֻʶԼȷʵ˲˵
÷ɪ˹ؿһۡ
, պͽš
ʶı, ÷ɪ˹еһ㱡
ֻص˶ǰԼڷɴĵǻڽסһ, ʱԷڷʲôڶ޷ԲʱҲӻ顣
֪ΪΣһ÷ɪ˹˫·ִʹǣǶֲĽϣûκθоϸ
ֻߵȼһֱԸ񣬼ڿ֮£ҲὫԼ֪ˡ
ȻҲǵһȡվӰ쵽񾭡ʹģ˿̵÷ɪ˹ܿƵؿ˿ڡ
ѪᲿУ˶˰̡֮

뿪أȥⱻΪȺ䣬ѵ۹
ɫӲ÷ɪ˹ʱ΢Լ̬ȣֲԼϵ
ȻҪţ÷ɪ˹ΪĴôµ̷ʵѡ
ϣô˿Ϊ翵ĸôͲ
ԣӦøԼûйϵġ
ţһԼУ͸˹ûʲôҵʱԼѹûѧκο׳ŵѧôǿĴڣͲΪҰһȻȳ̰֮ܰɡ
ֿһﲻϰԼ
ȻôɸеѰ
һεرܿ÷ɪ˹Ŀ⡣
ǣ𣿺ÿ°
귢˿Ƶģʵûκĸп
仰ɫδ䣬Ȼ˫ͫУһĨĹâڴ˿һϨˡ
һж⣬ֶԴµĻرԼװɵ
ĳһεĸо˴ʹһβڸõʹĳЩ
ΪԼղ͸¶һ仰е߳ܡ
ðɣڳ˵Ҳһ൱С
÷ɪ˹ܿͻָ侲ƽĮȻһ֮ǰǰ㣬иɻ
ҵĳûйϵҲҪˣͳ̽˹һΪΪ·ϣ뱻ͽĻʵһ㣬ҪʣҪ
÷ɪ˹˵
ԭԼԭ֮ĺгһȻɢ
շǳ⣬Լָ˳ӡ
ֿԸܵһ㡣
թƭʦĽ̳̣ʱȷʵһЩӦԷġ
˵ʲôᣬķʶԷΪʲôȻô᣿˵ʹӣקѧƴ߿࣬˵ԼҲô׶ôʹ࡭
ǣ֪ôõӦԣȴƲסΪ
ǿȻȻקס÷ɪ˹ĳ
ǳȷʵǽģֱ䣬ֻҪ΢һСģ˱ĵƬһġ
ʹʹ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôῪڡ
÷ɪ˹Ȼתͷ
ԲӦöҵĴɣ
૵˵
թƭʦڷԵɻʲôǾϴ
թƭʦסһϴˣǾûʲô̸еأϾԼˣĴǻʲôԷأԼװװʹ࣬һһܳĴ󡣡
Ȼˡ
קԼԵ޴ֻţһǸԵ쳣׾
÷ɪ˹˶еӷꡣ
ҶѾ˵ˣһ޹ء
һ˵
ͼֵаԼĳ򳶳Ȼƽʱ÷ɪ˹һԸһֻȴ޷ԼĳСг
֡
ݺ˵
šʶ˵һɫһ䣬˲䷢ԼʧԣæȵҾ룬ֲҵ˼ǡԲĶԲ𡣡
ûʦָ룬Լ֪Լ˵ʲô
÷ɪ˹δоԼǱ
֣ȴѹ֪ѡϾֻҪ΢Ҷһ£ǶԳпֱӸֵ˫֡
Һþڴʱ˽ͨѶ
ɴǨԾ·ϳ˲ԴǿռζǰίѾѡػǨԾ·ߣȻжڿǣңȻί޷ɨԷȺʶ޷жԷݡ
Ѿξ棬Ȼڿˡ
޴롣
ս׼
÷ɪ˹ƽػӦ
ҽӺִ｢ţӹָӡ
ºֿһ֣ѾǳԾɿ
Ƿʲô𣿡
÷ɪ˹ʱѿɫָоЩ
ﲻҪܡ
÷ɪ˹˵
ܸٵĴϢǿЩȻĲûа취жݡ÷ɪ˹ȴԼ·Ѿ֪˶Է˭
ûκɣҲûκ֤ݣǼھһ˲䣬Ժб㸡ֳĳλѡªŻĻɫԼͬȺɽһ޴ӷ׵Ŀɲ塣
һ뵽ǸͶӰģǰ˵ô໰Ȼôֱ׳ԼҪʱ÷ɪ˹üΪӡ
뿪ǰһ룬ȻסŲת
һѳԼĽΣȻض֡
ֻΪԷһ
һ±Ƶ꣬ƽ˵
ǿҵ˽˷ܳף·ͼΣĻҵķ
ȵȣѧأ
־ʵ
÷ɪ˹һЦ
÷ɪ˹ѪᣬҴָӹ٣ĳ̶ȣһս
ֹһ룬÷ɪ˹Ȼţ˳ǣһ̣ϵı顭·΢Ц
¶ֿ޵˵ҵķֱǱӻĺûأѧܡ
־ԼʵֻǱŵˣԲûзӦѡ
Լѹûޣȴͷ÷ɪ˹һ̾Ϣ
Сʱûۡ
ܶǰΪԶִа֮ʱ۳ȴûио̫ʹ
ʱӶֻԼꡣ
ֻҪ뵽ǸˣһҲֻۣ

ѧ
ֻҪٿڣһ÷ɪ˹ûٻӦ
ĳֱ뿪˲շ
һˡ
ŶԷıӰʧֺһûعҲʱŷ֣ԭɭôãԼȻٿԷıӰ
žΪûֱԷֱӶµľԼŻеĻҰɣ
úܿ죬飬һ뵽Լ״Ҳֻ㷲ذ÷ɪ˹طԸڲշ
еǳ
ǰ˵ѾộмΪѧϰ࣬ճĿҲʱڹ¶ԺԲ챻򣬳̫ͬɧšϸ˵ѹûսĲпᡣ
ǴʮߺоԼ䱻سأ־ͷԼӾҲزƽһֱľսġ
硣
ִûôȥ
ڽ˫ֱͷĵƴսܿƽϢ
ȻԸΥǶڷȻԸоõսļңԼίڱ⡣
ѪζúŨˣһֻſ־壬ϢظѪһζ
ͬʱָԼԼһĨİϢϢֻ̽鵽һ㶼Ʋסȫսؿ΢΢еŻ
ÿֲ
ÿ¡
ڲϵϢ
֨
֨֨
һЩֵȥʲôھ׽޴Ŀ־ֲ߬÷ɪ˹ǰԼĽΡ
ε൱׾ӣӲı߽ǿۡ
㱼䣬־öʵе죬£Ҳ˲϶롣
ҲǹȿֻŰɡ
ǰ÷ɪ˹˵Ǿ仰Ȼ쳣ϵԺ졣
ǰ˵۹ĺûᡣ
ί߼ٵɲֻ˱̫ƯǿԽж̾ǨԾĸ߼ƷֻҪܹӵ۹ı߾ͿԻȥˡ
ѧԼҲô˵
ôģֵȴȫΥ־һҲƶҶѾҡҡ׹ʱᱬըĳ̶ȡ
־Ǳһȫûͼ
ֱ۽ǵⲻСƳ˴⡣
ԭΪⲻ˸ŵ΢ƹâǷɴϮıըȻǲһƳȴֵȻ
ǸͲǱըĹâǶһһ˸Ĺ˶顣
Щ޴Ļɫ۾һֱڷɴĴߣŲɪɪСڡ


26 
Щɫ۾һ˲, ־Լִ˴־۷塣
ͷһѩİ׹⣬ȻһжΪ־±ģ㱡ǵԼûмУҲǵԼʲô, ʶ΢ָʱԼѾڲбķɴĿؿˡ
ɴܻ谵, ƹ·ѱضϣȡ֮һֹ, Ž̬İɫ΢, ȿȥʲôڵ۳, ʱ㽫ֳɡ
ãȻţ֪ԼҪȥӵȥ, ֪, ܴѧĲܴЩɫĿ֮¡
̡
ꡭꡭ

̶Ľ˺ΧͬʱĻʪӴ֮䶯ʱʪĦ
ͬʱ˽Ǽھ޴ѹ·ĦԼССıը
ίķɴһֻĻô˿̷ڵһ, Щ˺, ԼЩ˵޿ɱ
־ԼѾҪˡ
֮·ôѵĿɲֻЩԴе, һЩ֪Ķһһ׳ģڴֵĶ
Щ鲼۵״, ȥ, ȴ˺ƱˮʪӲֽƬһ׾ٵشưίɴĲձڡ
кüΣǸɴǲԼĽżͺֱӴЩӲޱȵķɴװġ
ǱϵĶҺڻɽҺ̬, ֮, Ǵڰеĳʬ, ЩίĳԱȫĳ֩˿İ͸ϸ߹ڰ֮УÿһֻѪԱȥɫ帡סѾڻ֭Һ˳ǵĿڱԼα׺͸֮ķ϶εδڵϡ
ЩʬΧԵЩɣ֪ҪЩʲô
֮ǰǿһⳡ棬ִŶĵС
Ǵ˿̵ȴûԣо־壬ҰѾһƬģ
ÿһξɴϴֶԸܵߡڷɴ֮⣬Щʸڷɴľ޴ߡ
Щ۾ȤضŴڷӴܵ֡
־ԼҪˡ
ͷһԼĵĽΡǶм΢͹˸εĹâ
ƴСʾֱͨɴ·ͼֻ˿űӦ˵·ͼϣھ󲿷ֶѾɫˡЩɫζЩͨѾٻ޷ͨСֵģֻʣһƣ۵С·
·һö˸ʾԱһС֡
ΪǵֵʹãϱʾֿԿͨġ
ԭʼγѴų
߶Σա
ɿ
ȻʱȴѡҪͱȻҪͨǼνԭʼ̬ѴųѹͲȥ룬ܹѧĸ߼ٶڹرΣաĵطʲô
ҲûʱȥЩ
ΪһֵģOO@@
޴󣬳ʪĶ䶯ھ׽
Կ϶һǣ𽥳
*
ʱ˿̣ڷɴһˡ
ԭ䱸ɭϣȻĽһƬǽ壬Ĵĳʬ塣
ѪѪȾ˰߲ɺ졣
ƬѪ֮Уֻһ˻վš
£ɲרء
ĳһ˺еѪ˫棬ǿס塣
ѪҺ˿ڲ⣬ԭɫ˫Ⱦʺ졣
һ̣µõһɺѪᡣ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹ԸоԼѪʧʧҪˣһ㡣
Ҳ֪Ҫٳһ
ŵܹʻŷӳ㹻Զľ롭ȻſԳͶĻ
뵽ԼǰǸ÷ɪ˹΢Щɢ۵һ˿ҡ
޹СƭӵѪ飬ɴʱֵԸ񣬴ǰŸߣžѾһץܳҵѸ˰ɡ
á
÷ɪ˹
ĻֲǰӵС
뵽ȥɫõȻ
÷ɪ˹߰ͶӰȥҸİŮԵøʹŤ
ˣ÷ɪ˹ҽ챾ǲġ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôֽԼרġ
ڹȥѾܹǳطԼͶӰʵ壬ĳ˵ҪʶЭͬ룬ɽԤȴԼһ÷ǳܿơӦðеʶص㶼ڽߵģϾҪĶ÷ɪ˹ѪᡣֻûгȴȻһһϸ߼λõĳ壬鷳Ĵʡ
ɴ˿̣ȴԼ󲿷ֵʶڲܿƵ׷𴬲ڲΪֵСӡ
ͶӰжж½㼸ٷֵ㡣
÷ɪ˹Ѫ˶һֱڡ
ֻĳӻڰͶӰ˺ü˿ڡ
ֱð絶֪˶оϲòǰͶӰ
ΪԼɰСֶͶӰ壡
Լɼǣͷľ޴˿ڣۿˡ
Ҹıˡ
۾ʱŮ𽥿ʼɢ
һ޴ӰӴǾ˳
*
ʹ
һεͺһˤˡ
ɴڲԭͱĸ࣬Ҫ˵Ŷľ޴Ϯ£ɴڲѾرΡ
ֵ·;ѣкüֻܴѾбʮȵߵֱӹȥΪ˼·ڡ
Ϊò˦Щֵ׷󣬱ӦվڷſǰȴվһһͲ̫Ծĸߴǰ
޴Ľ״ģдŹֵĳ֣ǴΧǽھǷ䳲һ㣬ֳ״޻ʵĽűſΧܲǰƺʲôйɵš
ǰʱһƬѡ״ǽڿȥǱɫһ㣬ʵֻϸڸܵ忿һӿѨʱµĴ
ǽڱһֹʺɫ
ǳѨ̽ͷЩ⿴ȥеǺ֫˹⻬Բ󣬿̫Σա
ֻǸоһǿҵĲ
ԸܵɴЩɫעӣվǰʱҲһָо
Լ·ڱʲôš
ִŴƣߵֵͷֿһġ΢͹ԵѾ˴ĿĺɫǾ档
ܺãھվڹһֱѼΣյģνġԭʼγѴųǰ
һ̾ʹ뿪ȻŸո̧ţʾϿͨͨľͷ
̡
ѪζӺڰӿ
ֻһģӰӣֻޱز˶ԷʱĿŭߺޡ
һһ˻˽ŵǰ
ò԰ס


27 
ܹȹǽЩӵĳֵĻ, ᷢЩִ˼ʱϵľͬһ˼
ɿ
Σա
ò˵ǣȷʵ̫ܣǵ˵̫ͳ, ҲΪЩʵûرʵΣճ̶ȡ
ʵΣյĲֻаڽźĳѡ
šԼΧЩڡ
ԭʼγѴųǷǳĴ֮ĹеõԶ
ίѲ߶ĹԵ񵽵Ĵʯ, ǲ֪Ѿ˶ļЩѾһһͷƤʱбޱȼӲı, ֻЩİ͹·Գǵʵݡ
ѡ
һޱȹϵ, ԭʼγѡ
Դ, ݰίڲרҵо, ԭʼγѴųеÿһѵĵȼǳߡ
ǵʯǴѳΪĹƮģרΪ󵨵, Щԭ֮ĸµ, δüá
ȻЩѾʧȥ˻, Ȼ˸ߵȼĳѶڵĳ˵ȻƵǺЧԴ
õ, Ĳ
ǳ˵ĻԭʼγѽΪί԰̸гɹĳ뽻Ⱥ䡣
Ȼ, ÷ɪ˹ͻȻж̸еľ, ȴΣյԭʼγѰų˷ɴĴյײȷʵųڲĳѶѾȻԭ֮ĸʱڱһֱֲڰųڴѪȴȻӵȵĻԡЩѽ綨ǳ廹ֲΪµرϵͳ, Ǳκһ˹ϵͳҪɿĶࡣǰ, Ѫûκεǻۿ, ǿȫƾĸ֪ë, ΢Ϣ, 𿿽ȴŵ˵ݡ
óĸϸġԿסǱ˳ˣֱӹĳ塣
ǣĳùûЯԿ׵ˣȴƫƫǡѪνչֳΪ׺̵һ棬ǽֱӴӳѨӿ鸲ڶԷϣ¶ԷųӲļךǲڽ֮УѪοԷǳɵؽ߳ɸɾ
ǲһϸëѪξôһǻѶԷһѪⶼԼ֣Ȼ󣬿ЩǽݷڳѨ֮жȹƶ
Ȼʱ˿̣Σ֣ԼЩ䳲ڲСΣһ֪
Žţͽ޹ͼһ㣬һ㡣
ڰУ飬СһĻɫߡ
ڿ֡
־ԼѾҪŷˡ
ա֡˻˻ա
ȻЩŻƺľ޴ںڰ˻˻ЦţֹŹֶֹĺ
ڼȵľָ֪ԼʲôԼƺǱǽʲôһ¡
ֻΪܶˣѪ۵ָպþͰſϢ˿ϡ
һ룬ֵľУǽϢػ
־⧲ֱˤ˱Ӧ䱸ɭϣκڵԭʼγѰųС

һαպˡ
ǳʪ
ߺܰǳ
ºܵ͡
ôһӣֱּԼֱˤʲôڲˮĵܶһ
ڵϣ˲ͱֺճཬһ͸ʪ
һʪյζǶƲȥ·ֱӻΪʵʵֱ˵ıǻ֮С
ֲûŻ
Ǹлڹ¶ԺܵЩѵɣùԾ˵ٶȴӳʪճĵڿԼڵĵطǿסûֱ¡
һͷУڳɴշͬǣڵĵطǰδеڳڲ
ǽڣ컨ȫǰ͸ʣԿŤľ͹ָǽ֮ϣֽ£ǺģɫճҺ
ȻһжҲǶģٸ֮ǰڷɴ￴ҲǲԽܡ
ָеģǾճҺ֮ϵЩѡ
֮ǰҲûмѣţڽ̿˺ܶࡣ
ɴûʲôܹЩôֲ޴
ͷÿһѶпһ˸ߣ㸲ߺģ͸ıǡ
߻谵ȻԼڲЩι״Ӱӡ
ƤҰף͵һ಩￴Щѩɽľ
ǣľûмךⷭĿԼģǰĵβ
ԭʼγ
־ʧ
ﲻӦδĳ𣿿Щ⣬³ž͸ʬһȻ廹ҪԵøߴҿ¡
Ī˵磬Ѧңоʱ˽˵Ļ
Ѧң˵ȥĳ۹ʵھǰδеΣ
ӻ
Ľޱؿűеĳʬ壬䵭˵
Ȼ޷̽ԭ򣬿ǳӻӹɵġǵģ֪Ҫ˵ʲôеЩ죬ǣЩߵȼȷʵڲϽǵľȶ̶ҲԽԽء
ͨ塭Ψһֳֻѡǻ۳̶½ǻ̶ԽԽء
壬Ƕôţǿ߰尡ȴСŻĶˡ 
ֵʱѦң࣬ڵĵ˿Ѧңֿ˿ײǾ߲ôŹ۵ĳʬ壬һԣ𺳡
ʱĲѦңԡСĶ塣
ֱԺĴ˿̡
ּѵشŹϳдУ
˵֮ǰĳѷģƵĻڴ򽻵ЩĺСɡ
пֵ
ллأЩһͺֲܿͱ˸ʬˣϵĳѳʼ׶ൽСһ׸ߵľͳѡеԵҡ
ĸס
ǵġĸס
ִһսȻתࡣ
ʬȻǸʬ
κζ
ִһ̫ˣǻ
Ȼû̫ãôһ˲䣬һ޴ĺ
񶯡
־תͷһ۾ͿԭѾպϵģȹ̵Ľϳۿɼľ޴͹ۡ
ôصĴҲڸǲסԼҵ𶯣ֱŵһڴսһֵıȻס
Ժиֳ֮ǰЩµĴ׾˺ղձڵĳ
ðɣڱൣˣԼİɡ
ͽ޹ؿһ۹ԣͼöԷٸԼһ·ȻеѾΪӿֳΣվѪһƬȫʧȥá
ޱعر΢͹ԣȻСؽѧԼĽι˲䣬ŵ·ͷ
侲ⲻ
Լ˵
˶ڲ㱻ץȥٿҲûʱ£
ȱš

¡
ԭͳѰųĽţֱӺ俪һ޴Ķڡ
΢Դ붴ѨڲһӷӴ˺üڰɫճҺȻһһ䶯ţ䳱ʪķڡ
Ѫʬѹ·ߴߴ
鲼氬жʱһֱڵĴ۲š
ա֡
غԼСӡ
ȴʼղõκλӦ
ھЩ֮ǰƵֳʱĶ΢һ£գǿסעŻصϡ
ܰ
ȥĳһֻڰӴǵʱЩµʬ΢΢ζһ¡
ܣȻֿ졣
ҵˡ
һȻֱֱ̽س˰óԵ֮С
ȡȿȡ
ӵȵĳ屻קס˲ִõαװֱֱ˳


28 
ǿŶĽʱ, ҲûָԼܶãû뵽ԼȻᱻֵô졣
ϳʱг˾
Լش, Ͼ֮ǰĿùĴ׾˺ƴ, νǿѪɹ컨ϵġɳϵ, ЩޱȶҳªĴ, ڶԴʱȴԵʮᡣ
ȻⲢʱĸж겱ԼĴʸӲȥͿ̥һ, ·ѾҲ޷Щ
ſң
ۿŴ־ôקߣҲ޷ԼĿ־, زҽƺе, ǰһһĻƹ⡣Щ˶Ļɫֱض壬һֻӷӴι״, ˾ֵҰ𽥱
Ҳʱ, ֲŷ֣ڰίķɴ, Ҳȫң޵ֵġ
к̵ܶ˿, ȥüĵƬֱиġڵƤȻ, ¶ճĽ״Ѫ, ʱ˿, ˿ڲŵɫҺ塣Ȼ, ֻѪǰɫġȻ
˿⣬Ͻ͸ɺѪ
Ҳһ̣ᵽ˿һĨϤϢ
Ũһ㣬Լζ÷ɪ˹ζ
Ȼ۾ŵؿǰɲĹʱ˿̣ԺĲʵ̫ڿ£
ѧ
Լһ΢ĵ
֡
Ϊʲôȥ˿־
ֹҪʲô
ôȻŶ˿µĹ﷢ʡ
롣
ȴȫʹ
ԼڼС
ѧôˣ

ܵζ
ԼУֻҵȼӵ۳ϣɢȿ־Ϣ
ðɣϢϰΪ
еǣһȻΪֻС۳ųԼоЩ̫ڲ֮ǰͼУֻΪΪֵ׳ĹһʱǸɢζɲġ
ҲԣԼڵģʺϳǰ
͸Ǹ˵һԼʵȷʵ̫ڳªˡ
պҪҹ䣬ĳªӰ쵽λĸܣġ֪ҿǻ˶ٹɹΪѡġ 
߷·ĳƽ
˶Աزһ£ֿһ֪ʶԼЩ޴롣
֮ǰ̫ܲЩϸ֦ĩڣҶɢĳһֱӳԵѺõĳ塭ðɣûκһֻʾѺá
Ǹ

ͼ΢һ֣Ͼֻ׳ڿȥ״̬ĺ⣬Ϊ˺ܳʱԼ壬ͼԼͶӰתƵ˴
൱ɶһȴЩѡ
ڲ֮ǰŸѪıѡί߼٣÷ɪ˹Ѫһս
ùǣǳսðء
֮ǰѾ÷ɪ˹꾡ʵսУȴ÷ɪ˹սԶԶԤơ
˶൱صˡ
ǲ̫ںˡڱְί˵ͶӰд󲿷ָ߼˼άԼĴͶӰƤ
ͶӰ𣬰ԸоԼԼڱ˼άٻж׾
˶еЩꡣ
ֽĺԭʼͳѰųεĲշڣֿһԼ˼ά޷Ҳ޷ܵŤ֮
ǰǷڵһ㣬๾ðݡ
ɫպ֮һϸ죬ʱԭλȴһŤ١
Ȼķ϶빵̽İɫ롣
ʼЩǺһڰлػζţܿ죬Ǿֵǰһһϸѩ׵ĸ첲
Ӻڰ̽ɫֱ۾ֱֱָ̽֡
־ԼҪˡ
޴Ŀ־廯Ϊ˱ĵܹ񾭡
ڴԱһƬհ׵ͬʱ־Լһʲô
衭
ΪԼڻǺܿʶѹͲκһ֪ԣһƬʵģҵ˵ƺ֣ȷʵҲκһַʽܹȷе˿֪Ķ
һַǳԭʼĻıʽС
̺Żһȵֿľ
ĳֲͬͬһڲ
衭
ǵ衭
ʲôںԼ
롣
ͬʱһƬҵ˼֮⣬ʵеҲͬʱһЩϸСĶ

ԼǰĹƺһɻߡЩɫֱ˻ȥ˶ͷ­̧ڰζš
ӿʼĴתǺƵĿΧ
һֺ̣ȷԼĳɳɳģֻ֫ڲץӵ
ֿ־ãͫеӳΧӰ
ԭŵԭʼͳУЩӦȥĳߣȻڲ
Ű͸ıԼĤ壬ѾȥѿѾȹµĳߣϢںڰ۾ת޻Ƶ˫ͫˢˢ˳еİǸǵĸףǵĸ׸е־ٻĴڡ
ǵˡ
ꡭ
ꡭ
ԭʼͳѱıѣ¡ϸ֫ͬذһѾɱֽмĳѣݶϸĳ֫漴̽˺ңȻԼŤ壬һһؼ˳
ⳡʵֲֻ̫ܾʧؿǰһС
ΧеĳЩģľһĳ塣һж̫ھгѾ֪Լλǡʵȥ
Ժвϻĺͷʹѡ
֪ԭĴʲôʱɿġԼģȻʶ̧ĨһֱϵʪһֱʱʶԼȻѪ
ȡ
ָоһʹ
꼱ٵشϢţȻƫͷ
һֻʪĳ֫ļͷ
Ҳһ̣־ԼӦķ
һֻһ׶೤ոշĽ֫׳档
ޱǶֵı
衣
ʵֻⷭĿð˳
ΧĻı졣
Щðľߴֱ˳ǻȳȺһ㸲ڹª֮ϡ

ֻ﷢˱ŭļ
ľؿЩʬĳֻս
ڴֵĻ£ֻǱһı㻯Ϊ촷ۡ
ʱҼӪֻʣϡ
Щ׳ԱֻոճԱѡ˵ȷʵҪСࡣ
Ȼĸ׵ֿȴȫҡ
ԽԽĳ˳
¡һ¡
ĳȺ֮£һ־źüֱֻƿ˰ó·Ľذ塣
ĽмͬӵɢɽһƬֶ
ȻԷɿԼϮǵӰӣȴãֻľؿһĻΪҵʹ˿հס
־ԼһҪǿʱ򣬴ԺȻһֻɱ׳浲ǰ
ĳûмѪ
ʬֻʱ־ԼСıסһҶ
衭衭
ֻªĳֻ鴤һ£޴ڸĽע֡
﷢˼ɵҲûж
־ԼͷԽԽʹ
ⲿͷ­еģ˼Щĺʶ
ڣֲظطһʹʡ
Ҳ޷ԺвϺĺ˹ȥ
ǰһ룬Լ俴ֻ׳ǲϵĹ£ٶ۵ػûһģֻܱͷڵϵꡣ
־öԷȥЩ죬Ȼʵ̫ʹˣһ˿ֻάϵ˺ܶһʱ䣬ʧ˻ԴĺڰС


29 
ǰ
߾Ǹ, Ϊ˵ĹϾڴɨԵóʪĸй
ǸҶͬѧ, ûҪɣʲôǿİ, ˵, һжֻء
ڵӪ, ԵñͬҪ԰΢Ư˼ȴЦݡ
ȷʵһǳƯ꣬˽ӲЦ, , Ȼݵ
֣˺޲øͿ, ΪԼٶЦЦ
ȻЦȴʧȥӦеЧ, ѾƴˣɱǰȺ, һһرƵĽ
μߴǰ, ڱ߾ƧȻҾףţܹǮעҩȨӵܡ
ڻ, ˸ߴʵ¡ļȥĿ޽Ƕʿ
һ, ֵܵ֡
, СǿȥҲǳ׳
, ۾ΪȿܶѪ졣
, ʲô᣿ô, ܹɭ˯Ͳܸ˯Ȳܸģܸ˫ô䵭ȴһֱأҺ޲ùˣȴ⸱ģҲȥˣ֣ҽҪ֪˭İ㡭
ҸɭͲǡ
ҪͣȻ뵽Լ֮ǰܸߵЩ֮ʣĬĬذѽ˻ȥ
ɻ
ֺڵҪ
Ϊ־壬Ķǲ˺ˮǲ΢΢Ȼƴؼ΢Ц
ΪѣҶûǷ˼
ѣѻ.ң
һŭһȭֱǽϡ
ûйκˣģϲŮôܹһС
顱һ£һȭ
һĭɫš
ҲףΪʲôԼԽǿڣԼպѿȥԽǿꡣ
군ˡ
롣
ʵϣֵҲû˵ʲôڵľȷʵ⡣
ഺʢĺɶȱ꣬׵ȨƴŴ֪ʲôԼ
ѹûͽ޹ĿܣֱԼļСఴס֡
ţҪô͹ԹҸҿ϶һȺɭǸһࡣҪôͱҲˡ
³ɤƤ⿪죬Ѫɫʱȥ
Զһ㣬Ͳºɭ鷳
Ƶغ
ȻͷֶԷ۾ˡ
ɭǣһûʱˣҿⰲ˺ܶ˺úáźءʱԼܶڱᣬ㣿
Ļ־ر۾
أĶ㲻ˡ
Ȼôһ̣ϵĳ壬ȴһ̶ĲҽС
һᡣ
ȭͷʱص졣ʼΪţϷϮǸȴʼûκλӦ
Щͱ˾ʧġ
໥Ź򣬳űֲܿƵ˱ܿ־֮С
һţֱסԼͷֱԺҲɿ֡
ֱһһǰ
㻹ʲô
Į仰º뵽Ƿ֮˽ִӲصıҾ˳
ҲΪĮһӷ
ָоԼĻޱȻػصսս̧ͷ˶Է
ưܰ࣬ƹǻƻǡȻǵںɭʱ򣬶Էȴɿ߹Ȼ
ͬ˼
ѧ
ֲ˺þãűһ䱿׾ĺ
ɭԵò̫ͷ
֪Сѧˣ˴ǰȴ֪ȣ
ɭ˫ֻأüͷ΢ض֣˵
ַǽĵվ
ɭĿֱһƬǽϣ񣬽

ʵʲôģ˵ѾǼҳ㷹ˣ·˶ѣ㲻˲顣
ƽûʲô˵飬˺ɭǰͲԾˡ
־;ãԼĪò
Сĥߴѹֺɭ˲ͷ
һ
̧ͷʱѾ֮ǰеĿ־Ͳѹ
ںɭǰǸֺƤСܡ
֮ǰΪû£û鷳ҼѧָЦźɭգգ۾лѧǾˮ˴ҼֱΪ
ý컬Цسźɭ˵
㵹Ҳ֪Ϊ
ɭ˵
ԺҪֶĵĶ
ֻһĵӣɭüͷһֱס֣档
ɭֵҲȥ
ôȵĺôȣ
ڳ׷ɣҲԣԼ߰·һ¡
ʱԼڴһӲС

֮ǰĳԶڳ˾رЧĿʯ
ֿʯεģӵǳֻ֮Ҫϣ׳зǳõıЧ
ڲҪֻҪͿԴؼҡԸΪǵĴ̵ĻֻҪû
ֻ֮Ҫܹȥ׬һѧڵѡ
ȻʣѱԼᴲѻɽʯͷ
ЦһŶûȥ

Ȼ֪ҲûʲôãЩʯͷʵͦÿġ
ԶǿȷʵԶǿ
εʯͷﺬдֻҪһ⣬ʯͷͻԵøƯ
ǻ뵽ǳƯʯͷ
ֵڹ¶Ժʱϲ飬ڱ亮С͸͸ҹĻЩңԶǡֻҪЩǣеʹ뼢һԶȥˡ
ڴһţԼ֪ʲôʱַŽİɡ
롣
һ̣ҲΪܵԺԻûȫѪֻߣֻʶҪԼúÿĶԷ
һȣͰѿڴʯͷȡ˳˺ɭ΢ġ
ҵıѧ
˵ֻ˵֮һЩ
ֲֵǮĶ
ɭŻøȻ˳ֶɡ
군ˣֺöԷĴƨ
ǰա
Ȼȫû뵽ǣ䵭ĮɭĴڣȻõöʯͷ֮󣬶ԭأʯͷ˺ܾá
ʲô
ɭʵ
Ҳ˼߶ԷԼһαƭֻǿмһĨ΢ЦÿЦǿŴ˸
⣬ҵŶ
˵
ɭĬ˺ܾá
õϵЦЩϰƴҼԼΪʲô˵
Ȼ־ͿǱΪᱻ˳ֶĶɭŽԼĿڴ
ܲ㡣
Զָߴ귢Щĵ
Ȼס֣һһĳȥ
ȥĶ
ҽңûԼײǵġ
ˣѧǼһûйϵɣ
ܺԼͺá
ǡ
졣

ǰ貵ޱߵů£ӰнԶģ壬·ڻ˹â֮С

ԭˡ
ǿʯͷɵѹ״ء
Ժ˵ξУ㱵
ȻڻճҺ۾
ΧܰҰ
ֱ̧ۣһ˺˸ԼĤҺк괭Ŵ˳
ȿȡ
ǺȳҺִһ̧ͷ
ڷɴ֮ϡ
͵ķɴԼɴǽϣȥ尲ίķɴ࣬װȴίȫһ
ҴڲǴ׵ģ߷ǳۡ
ǵþˣ
ַʮѣͷЩԺ
һ룬˽ŲһӰ첽˽Ȼ֡
ˣ
˫ڣɫ԰׵ĸߴǰ
˹
ò˵ټϤˣӿһĺϲá
˹Ż֮ˣɫȴԵЩӡ
ҡ˹㻹ǵ÷ʲô𣿡
ǱϮˣһֻǳǳĵĹ˶ˣȻ󡭡
һ˵һŬŻǰĳ
ȻļȴһƬģ
ǵ÷ɪ˹ȥ
ǵԼֵ̿롣
ǵԼεĴš
Ȼ󡭡
ҵͷʹַһƺߡ
ԺŤĹѪԼЩӳĸʬޱȻ㱡
ѾжǾԼļ䣬ڼȿֲ֮롣
ɴˣס˿˹ֱۡ
Һ񡭡ܻңܶ鶼ǲˡһǵ÷ɪ˹˵ȥӦˣǵþˣǲ˵ֻﱻˣ÷ɪ˹𣿡
ʵ
ôµ֮ǰδеҪص÷ɪ˹ȥ


30 
ֲ֪˿, ʱȥǶôز԰׶
һѾܷ˪ڷеĴС
˹԰ֵһ˿ӵ˵ǲ, ͬ, ǽꡭʲôЩһ˲㱻˹ĵס
ߴĳְֵ̧ļͷ, Ƶظһ¡˹ĸ߼ҪοĳҲΪ, ְԵĶʱԵø衣
ûϵ㲻̫, ֻԭʼ̬ĳѰó, Щ֮ĹȻҲиǿȵȾᵼֵȼĳ뾫֮Уþֻʧ䶼Ǻ顣
˹˵ŶԷ
ȻһС, Ļ, ֵıĳ罻ǣ˹Ӧ̷ſֲŶ, Ȼһ˲䣬ű˹ֱܵĳװõ͹
˶΢١
ûд, ȺṴ̋ѪǿнЩ۳ⰲ¶ϵĽ
ʶǾʲô֮, ڷĳɫһ, 漴΢΢ü
㻹Ѿһ漣, Ⱦĸú, ҲЩȾ㻹ֻþҲͷʹҪú
˹˵
÷ɪ˹ڷɴҵһЩкѾȷᵽѪʱ˹ԼδɫЩ䵭ΪûԵɵж̸Уŵ°ίɴǨԾȥ·˳ȺϮǵѾͥ벿峷˶Ĵ
ܣ
ֻûеȿ˹˵˶Է
ſ˹ȻĿȴԵʮֿն
ǡôһˣô˵ˡ
¶ûһ˿Ѫɫ촽ǲġ
Ȼķһ΢
˹ɫӵŻе꣬ߵ۾˸žԼĿ־塣
˹ûм񡪡ЩȫԼ廻ȡӻԸ䵱۳С壬һʧȥԼ̣ͨҲôôҵġ
֮ǰ˹ЩСõĴڣֻһƬĮЩСչֳĴᷳ
Ψ֣ôңô֣Ȼÿ˹ӿһԳ֮Ϊϧ㺡
¡
԰˵δгһԱ˵
÷ɪ˹ѾˣȨѾתصҵϡҲЩ顣ңҲܰȫ㿴ͥ˾˽˷ɴϣҵıӻ£鷳ڵִ԰ֵغһصȺ䣬ңһúõذġ
˵꣬˹ûסֿ˿ֲϵĿȦԼӸղһֱĽ
ɫȦӳ԰׵ľ
˹Ȼ˲ǰԼΪ˰ǰԷڲעϢҺʱĸܡ
ڣԷĲȴ˾жռζȦ
˹üͷøˡ
úܲˣ޷ֲ˾Ӻζ
ϻ֡ĶȻ÷ɪ˹Ѿˣ¿ܳҲʧˣòĻҿԽǰȡ£Ըõ塣
һ˵ţһ̧֣Ҫȡ𪲱ϸעĿĺɫȦ
һӣȦõķ̺ݺݵش˿˹
ͬʱҲʶһ˺ڷָ⡣
Ҫ
˹һ١
֮һЩѿļž
Ƭ̺󣬿˹ͷĿɨԼָ˿ڣΪ̵Եʣ˿Ѿ΢΢ڡ
Ѿˣ÷ɪ˹Ϣȴ˵رŰÿ˹أһε֮ǰΰؽִԼߴߵġ
˹һ˲
Ȼ˵ܹʱסϵ֭ڣֶҲãҪ֪ȡȴ̼ٵٿܣ֭ʢ
ѪŻԼ¶ֺϵߡ
˹ƽ͵ؿڣͼ˵֡
Ȼ̧ʱȴĬĬȥ˫ֻԼꡣ
ֻžǿ߰Ը¶Ȼڶ̶̼ʱͱ÷ɪ˹׵Ť־񶼳׳١
ǿɱģ
ⲢǶԷĴ
Ͼߵ÷ɪ˹ǸԲм֮һһϰίλĿ´ڡͨߵȼǸҲŲ˶ãοС¶ӵ׳أ
Ҳǿġ
˹
˵ԼߴϻǲܿƵйЩϢ
ֿĿ˹䱸
ҲҪȡ
ָɬ˵
ֶʵ㣬ҲֻҪ㡣
˹˵
Ȼǰ¶ٲȻѾ÷ɪ˹аĵ£ʮֲɾҩ
÷ɪ˹ҵΨһ
һһӦ
ʵֻΪ˱鷳ѣһȡ£֪ܴȥҿɿ豸סԼӿ֭
ԣζװһѧصģʱȰǰѹضɹȥ

Ȼô룬ȴ֪ԭԼݼԺõ̶ֳȣõ˵ʱȻȻشϿǻ
ֱͺԼҪһ
ıҲʱŪסǰº͵ĳ彫졣
˹Ŀؿֺһ
ðɣڿܻڻУ⡣
˹˵
Ҫ֪һ㣬÷ɪ˹ЩʵǲԵģֻҪѡ
ϾһʼҰоȳġ
֮˹һϸĳȣ˺ְܶĻע˭Ըоõڿ˹֮ʵ˵Ǣ
Ըܵ˹ɢʧ
˹԰뿪˲շ󣬷ָ˰ӦÿµҶԼƵ֣ȴֻԭһ
ܻ㱡
ԼϷһжûʵУǿ˹ԼǸϢ
ѧѾˡ
˹ϮС
̫˼ˣѧôǿˡ
־Լֳ룬һѾ׵˻Һͻ֮̿Уһ⣬ϸ
ʵһлûʱԼѾ˲ԤϮɴֻ˿ֲŻѧĳҲʧֱɱ
ϾҪԵĿǹǶǰЩȨΪΪͨи
ѧһʮ׾ٵشķг뿪ȴͬɵڹϮ±Լ
Ϊʲô÷ɪ˹һôΣգ侲ĮȻͬһǿ󵽼᲻ɴأ
̫ɵˡ
ֶԼ˵
ĿȨȻֻص˿˹ϡ
ղͲӦôӲضԴԷӦúúõشŬ´ȲŶԡһֱԼô𣿲ȻĻҲڡ
Ѿ޷ӻԼġ
˹Ը͵λôʣӦúúõȥֺǸ˲Ŷԡ
־ԼѾеһжúˡ
֪ΪʲôԼʱؿ˵ơ
Ƶ޷

һڷ﷢㶵ʱٿȻɨʲô
е㱵̧ͷǸȻȻ۾
ʲô
ŵؿ컨壬ԲϣĳŷһĿ׵ڣʱȻ̽һֻצӡ
ֻצ쳣ؼ񣬵ͬʱҲ쳣ؿݣѾɹɵĳӡ
ɫ
̬ȴɳª


31 
ż֫ǽĦʱϸСɳɳ, ľһֱָ񣬸ɿݵúֻʣ³һĳԾ˵Դͨܵ˳
ҲڵԿΡ
λ֮ͿȥһڵϵЫӸ֩Ļ壬һ, ˼̵βͣǸ߸βŵǸɱ, Լϸĸ֫
ǳǳݡ
Ĺ쳣ԡ
һ˫˶ɺ츴ۣ۾·, һ۾ͿԿʳʵĿ¿
ֻһ׶೤ڲշԲ״񷶥ϡ·ע⵽ֵ, Ȼתͷ, ۾ֱضס֡
Ȼβһ
ޱȾֵؿ˿ȻһĸƵ
衭
ֻԺкţȻԾ˵ٶȳ˹
һ˲䣬ּΪԼֲ˻þ, ǿ˹˵, ʲô䣬ײþ
ȻôڰίķɴԼΪȾֶС
ǻþĻֻΪʲôȥ˵ر棬˵˿־壿
Ժ֧ĻȻôһ˲ƴˡ
ڷɴιȥ֮ǰһ̣Ż˷ĹǰָɱӵϮµ˵ϡȻ, ǵصľѶ, ˹, ̰ŶԷѪ⡣
ǰ, ľ, ǰ֡
̶һ˲, ֻɱӼѾյֵĽűߣŵѪԿŶĿӣԼ΢΢ζĴ̵β͡
Ҳһ̣ھԼ־ˡ
ظܵʲô־塣
𿿽Ұ
ȻȥȴΪȾŶˤ˵ϡ
ȻţýŵŵƴȥͼֻӵĿ
ļУȻͣ˽Ųͷɺĸȴʼն֡
˻˻
ּĽ
衭衭
ԼһǷˡ
롣
Ȼôظоֻӵġ
ãֻһһֻ뿿Լ
һֻͼСŻĻŭţǳõؽĿ
ʱǰĿɲС
һֻŻĿ³ӡ
һ׶೤̺Ϳ֡
ָ޷סѪֶԴͳӵĿ־塣
ڴһƬհУֻܺץԼֱһпץסĶƴسֻӶȥ
ʵ俨˹ΪֿٳͷûʲôԴʱ˿̣ܹȥĴҲֻ֮ǰҲǡ
ʹõģȥ͸࣬ɵɱ޽ӽ㡣
ִʱ͹˲̫ࡣ
ѾµÿҪ³ˡ
ɳɳ
Ǵ
ԼǽڲĹܵָɱжʱɳɳ
ֹ
׻ж٣
Ϊʲôǻҷɴ
־ԼʱܱЩӻԵʱЩⶪľϵҲкȻչֳЧ
ɫҺľ濴ȥƮƮɰͰ͵ĲҰϡ
ֻɪһ£ͣ˽Ų
˻˻ͽԵ
ֳһ£Ȼ̧֣̽Եֻ϶һҲк

һһЩ
ȻΪȵؽȥҲòС
ֻ֣ĥĥ˼
Ȼ̧ͷֿ֡
βһǴġ
һͨܵϸβ΢΢һ˦ʧ˹ܵֻɫҰףɲ̱ڷҵشϢš
ЩԼƺΪ衱ĸɳӣĵʲô
ЩʵڵĻôԼԭʼ̬ѰóпһĻĻǻþ
ǰĳӿĹӡ
ɵĶ档
ԼԼǰ󿴵ġǸꡭ
ЩĻǼٵģ

־ʧڲշ￪ʼ˰ίɴϷһУͬһʱ̣ڳ˾˽˷ɴһˣҲѯǳ԰ίɴϮ
Ƿɴĺ򣬿ռܴ󣬸ߴĹװŷĻϵĳ֡
ڷװд鱦Ľ̨
һ곤ĳһ߲鿴ǰؾ޴ʯ壬һسż̨·˵
̫ˣ
˾ʥ٣͸͵ĳһ°Ѿԭʼ̬ϰάε̬
̬ʮӣ۽ǺǶһЩۿɼ·
ֻĻȥѧ߷緶ѧڵʣȻֻҪԹ۲ϸһ㣬ʶ˾Ըûòȥôº͡
ҪϮίĻӦѡһõʱѡһ÷ɪ˹Ѫڵʱ򡣿ڵӡ
ͷƳһ۰
ѡʵȻڳ泲·ͶӰĳ˵ҲҪһ֣Ҳ˵ͶӰ״ֱ̬ӷӳʵ״̬
ڣͶӰֵ꣬£ԼСȣѾʧ
ݵӰӿȥ԰ס
ȻǱ״£ȴû̫飬·˸û̫ϵһ㡣
һϰǸںӣõҲԾȾЩŭ
ֱʧķ֮һ壬㵽׸Щʲô
Ǹ
·ûеʣЩĲɡ
õͶӰӽ̬ȻǰĿ̬ɹĻͶӰеǳʵ̫ˣȻΪС־Ĵȴ٣޷ʹá
ڰĶصԼȥ޸Լİǡ
ڴ˾ʣղʲôš
Ҳ֪
̵ػش
ܵ˴˾Ϣнֵŭѡʮֹɵز͵˹˵Щԭʼ̬׳ϮʱӶˣԱԹԺһ͸ұʧˣĲ֪
㡭
û뵽ίɴϵԭʼ̬ѰóȱԤҪߵö࣬ҵʱΪûϵء˹ĵ鱨Ҳ˵ͷĳΪóȸԱһЩԡЩԭʼ̬棬ҵϢ֮ͱˡȻһСģҵǲͱԹ
ر޹ؿڵ
˾һѹֲס
ԭʼֵͼԣÿζƲסĸֲָѪеıܣԭʼΪԡĵͼһȺ᲻ݣͼɺԷ
ͬȼǿ壬ɱ¾Ծֵ
ǵģԭʼȷʵǿȻֿƲסԼĶǿҲһȺ޴ĵͼѡ
ƫƫĴڡ
˾Ŀ˰ôǳ޴ٶ۵ϡ
ȻˣϣԺҪǳƵ鷳һΣǲֶĵ嵹ڱԹǰЩӶɾˣֽҲÿһζеġ˭֪ίỹʲôɱﵡѾҪǰѪ״̬֮ǰõ״̬
˶٣ᰲ
Ѿ˷̫ľҷѾǧŰɲҪǸӵǰ͵ġ
Ŷ
صͷ
ţ뵽ʲôһ㣬ȻֱŴ˾˺ܾá
ʲô£
ᰲ΢΢Щ̫Ȼʵ
ղ仰ڵ𣿡
Ȼʵ
ᰲʶطһЦ
ؿ˰һۡ
Ȼʳô޴⡣Ѿ覴ƷˣͲҪʳôʧˣȥԺϣ޸ӡ
õġ
Ŵ˾һιɵص˵ͷ


32 
Ϊһֻرѡ, ǵԼһ˾ʱԷ˵ĵһ仰
ǸԶԶվڷ̨֮£ڿ֮, ˷˼ʧͰյ
Żһֻ覴Ʒ𣿡
Ϊڰ֮󣬴˾ҲûҵһžлԵĿɷԭʼ̬ѣܳΪѡ
пܵˣǳΪһֻߵȼ, ִ˾ڴģĸߵȼϡ
Ͼô˵һŵġ
ǳǿ
ǿ, ζӵи
ǷǳõӪƷ
ʼݻġ
覴Ʒ϶ѡ
*
ڶԺĴ˿̣ϰǳƽؽ˴˾ѯȻԼͶӰ뿪˴˾ļ̨
ܴ˾ڸղһѯ԰ʾ˷ǳǿҵӣֻѡȴûΪᰲķӦ̫
ϾᰲĹϵƲܡ
ΪʲôͻȻʳ֪ЦĻ
Ϊ, ڱ˾ٻ֮ǰǴȥ̽һֵġ, ûüֻӵ׳ղ, ͱ˹סˡ
ǳϲ˹Ϊ˹ǺܰʶȤһΣ˹ΪȴЩԻ
£ҿʱҪȥ֡
̲סſ˹һӡп˹ǻΪС¶ˡ
Ϊʲô
ѡ̲סʵ
Ըоõ, ʱ˿̿˹ɢϢƺһӱİˡһְ޴ζ
˹ɢϢð뵽ιʵ, ֹʵǳĳһСȺеʳ, ζһɢͷεɬζ
Ҹͨ÷ɪ˹ѪϢ
˹ƽ˵
ϵϢŹ֣ƽʱûʲô
Ϊ÷ɪ˹Ѫͳ棬ڵȶڷǳػҺͱˣȷʵҪһʱԼ顣
Ųֵķ
ÿ˹ƭԼҲȷʵΪֵķӦеɻ
ΪʲôҪأֱʵ÷ɪ˹ôСҿɱ÷ɪ˹ǿ̫ˡȨѾع㣬ôζţҲͬʱܵҵıӻǳǿĴڡӦøе˲Ŷ𣿡
˶٣ֽز
˵ˣӦ֪һܺõġҺϲ
˹Ĭһ
һ̣԰ֵ˼ñκʱҪҡ
뵽Լڷ￴һĻֱڵĽϵȦԷ÷ɪ˹ֳԼȻͼǴǿζʱǼǿҵĿܡ

üͷÿ˹ϵζιʵζˡ
һɬóӿĦֲĹӡ
ã˹ͳĻӦ
ôѹΪ÷ɪ˹뷽跨ţ֮䲻ͳ˵ĹϵѪ᲻ϲһ𡭡
Լ۳ؾԼԼ˵¶ĳۻΪߵİøۡ
ǲ̫ǵÿ˹ֽЩʲôˣΪʱеע÷ɪ˹֮Ĺϵϡ
еǳ֡
Ҫ֪÷ɪ˹ֲҲ˸ͨͳ֮Ĺϵ
Ϊʲô÷ɪ˹ԺֻԵ˵ѹ
һԼΨһһˣ˾Ǵ˾˵ĻӦûƽŶԡ
ǣҲǺ֡
ôԼҲֵ˵ĻǲǾζţֵʱҲ˿÷ɪ˹һǣԼ
ΪԼģңǿĴڱӻҲȻԼ
뵽ȻԼؿڱеġ
ǡڴʲôһ
ô֮ǰ顣
ڻعʱԼ֪Ȼֻصֵǰ
˹֮ǰ˵Ҫһʱ䣬Ѿȥһʱˡһ£Ȼֱ׳˽ȥ
յĲշֿȥֻССһֻ
˽Ȼ
˹С
ǽŵġ
ǣתͷ˲ǿ˹һֶȵĲмɫȻޱȲҰס
ѽ֡
ǲΪ⣬΢Цųִһк
ƫƫֿǿ˹ħֻߣǹ
ֹ˺ܾãԼǰޱȸɬһ䡣
㡭
ϳ𣿡
Щϲ۾
õͶӰͼȫһôֱѽ
ôҲ뵽־ȻܹϳҲһ˲䣬ڰֺøӿɰˣڵ״ۿɼ⡣
׵飬иǳ˿־塣
ǵģǿ־塣
ֿԸоԼÿһ񾭴ʱѾ˼ޡ
˹ȷʵ൱غãִӰίķɴоȳ֮͸߼ֶΡ߼ҵƺڳһһεõ˷ҲΪڰŵ˷ǳŨҵģ÷ɪ˹ζ
Ѫζһ˲伤Ļ䡣
ЩԼΪǻƬȻޱ
ֻϳԼĿֲֻֻɫ۾մȾѧѪҺľ޴档
ֻ浱ʱЩϮ󣬵˵ϡ
ԼǰһӣۿԷһꡣ
ʱ˿վǰһģһ
ҸݶԷ˵һȻͼαװŮĶ۳氬
ŰɫͫһµĲ²ⴳԺ
²˵־壬ҲֻǸ²԰һжϵ
һָ̣еҼˣҲˡ
ֱҪгҪȥקǸʶԷΪʲôҪֹϮίķɴΪʲôҪɱѧ
ȻʵУĳĬֻ֮ǽеĿ־ɻһһ飬˺ȥվ
յУϸӵ¶Ű¶һĨЩЦݡ
۾ǳر𡣡
ǿԼһգգŰǶԿɲĻɫͫ
һ۾ϳˡ
ǿס屾ܵĲ۵ڵ⡣
Ȼһһ䣬һ۵ԼµǻŰ˵

ͬһʱ̡
ı˶ˡ
һȺ˳Цų뱻ǿв䴬
һڳ涴ԵǷﲶ̵Ŷӵ䴬ڳУŶи֣С
ǸɵĶʱĻдССڶֻҪ㵨ӹͿԴӺڶõһУӺ޼ֵ֮ⲻСıڶȻľ
˳ʱ䶢Ѿ˺ܾˡպһ涴ڡڡæ˺ܳһʱ䣬ýָͷҲõȺһõʲôرõĶȻǸ˷ôʱ䡣
Ⱥ˳һڳԺڡ
˳ܿƷȺУû˷Ѷʱ䣬һȷʵջǵ˳忴ȺоȻĸ㵽˰ܽķɴ޲ϲ۾
׬ˡ
ǿںǮĺû
٣ϴ㲻µȺһ㵽ʲô
˳컹ΪǰķɴкеϲֵʱԼڼȿЩ˹ȥÿԼǽеıտ⿪
ǣڱտﰲŵĿɲʲôɴĺĿ࣬ҲƬһббȥʮķˮռ䡣
Ȼܹ֣ضԴģԲͨķˮռ䡣
ʵصˮѱȺǰ⿪ͷ߽ȥʱһ۱Կˮڲ䱦
±Ӳóˣǡ
˳ͷһ
ǵͫУӳǰ֮Ӱ
һö޴ɺӼ


33 
ȺԵɱ, ޶˳壬ƽʱҲǼٺûˡǼ䱦ļֵ¶ȲʱǰöӼ
Ϊ, һöߵȼĳӼ
һ̵ĳӼڷˮУҲȻ޷ڸļߵȼӼѪ渲Ų̸ڵѪܣöӼȥһöŴ౶ӡª·ڷ˳˵ȴĻơЩδɱѪḻѪζųӼӼڡ׶ΣӼеĳܽ״̬֪޾, ˳ҲԷĴ󵨵ؽӽõĳƼ, Ȼǳ䵱𻯺һζ͡
öӼӼڣҲȻɢŵѹ
˳ԸоԼвӿĲɪĳ嶯, ǵ͵ȼĳԼλ߱ܵĳη塣
ʱǰվŵһֻ, ֻһֻ׳, ֻ˳嶼ԥѸٵܣԼΪߵȼʳ
Ȼ, ٸߵȼӼ, վҲֻӼѡ
ӼгⱲʱ򣬲Ӽ֮ڵĳ, Ǹߵȼǵ͵ȼжôʵļ׿ǻ߶ôĶ̣ڳӼ֮ڣͿ׶ΪСǿȻ±ֽܻ, ŨӪ𤽬
𤽬г, , Լ֮ǰ, һӪĽҩ
ԵڻӼеĳ塪ǵ͵ȼĸ壬Ҳܿں϶ԷĻ򣬴Ӷɱɸߵȼǿĳ塣
ǿʳʤ̭ĳ磬Ͻ͡
ɱЩУҪöӼϢй¶ȥ
˳ͷֱؿǰĳӼԸ
Ļ£ܿɴǼĲҽСưܵĿϵͳųĿҲȾʬըɢȳϢ
ϴǲǿԳ׽ϴˡöӼֱܷʲôֺɫȼܸ߰ɡ
ͷĸִѪ첽ص˱տǰޱȿضųӼֻöӼܴһУоڿϲ
Ҳ֪оųӼڸֵ£ҲֳЩ
öӼէһǳйѪļ˵ĳֻѪܹӵɫ
ǣ΢侲һ֮ϸò̫Ծ
ĳӼ͸һһ£ӼĴСֱжϵȼı־
Ͼֻǿ߲ŸԼĳӼþ޴ĿζǿĲԱǲӼڱ߳䵱ȺĽҩ
ֻСһЩ壬ᾡԼĳӼƽӹСԱע⡣
ȻǿȺѪᣬҲӵ˾޴Ӽǡ
ĴڸмֱѾ޴޷ӵĳ̶ȡ
ҪǣѪĳӼҲ滷дôá
˳΢΢ü֮ǰдҵЩкöӼ֮ǰڵľǱ嶨Ʋҽ壬ȻͶڳ涴֮еġ
첢е֣Ͼϲǲıʬ𼣡
еֵǣöӼȻһõķˮ䣬Ϳ˳涴ļѹʹ󡪡ûҿȥûܵ˿Ӱ졣
Ȼܹӵǿ
⾿һֻĴڣ
ип
ܹɵԷֽöôǿ󣿣
뵽һεؼҲپöӼȺֻ̰թ˳峹ɥʧ˾裬ڳӼɻѱ˳ͷԺ
ȥ
˳ͷԭԼ¶ְѳӼӿյķˮаܿ͸ı⣬ԼɱԼĸԼ¡ƾɵķɴװˡ
Ȼ˳Լϰ˷ˮ䣬֫öӼôһӣԼԼԼƺŵһ޵ζӷˮɢһڿˮȻҪ
ѹ֮Լ̲סô벻ͣعβŷˮڡ
ֻϧʲôҲûеõ
ʲôҲѾ֮֫µĳӼմˣ˳ע⵽˷ˮЩӵĻʵδȫήСѪܣնӵɺӼı֮ϡ
һĪĽζһԼĴ롣
ųӼȻֱذöӼȡԼҲδص֮Լ˱ߵȼĽҺʱܹһЩζͱ˵ˮйζ
ܵ˵Ļֻ˳彫ں̵ܶʱڰѳӼ͵ԼķɴϣŶص֮ǰ׼ܻȥ뷽跨شƸߵȼӼӲǣɵֻùĸߵȼ塣
ǣһ⡱ǰ֣ʹǻ
ڿϲ϶ԼΪǿڵ˳죬öӼǰԼɴ·ϣȻЩɵͣԼĽŲ
Ǵ
ɲػζԼĴ롣
ΪʲôñӦüȻĳӼУʲôضһ£

kӦôƳų˯֮С
ǣӦڴ֮еġkȴڴʱһΡ
kһҴ׵ķɴһĿյĲԼһϸκòꡣ

˾ķɴڣѡվԭء
ҵ۾رʲô˼
ǰ֣Щ㱵ظһԷղ˵Ǿ仰
ղű˾ᰲ賰а㲨ľʱȴ΢һ˿
ʹõͶӰܳ󣬸ûкúõԹҧҧԼ촽ôһ˲Ҫ̧סԼ˫̧첲Լȱȫ֫ˣԼһֻѾԵˡ
󣬰ֻЩŤؽȱȫ֫屳Լ
ʵҲûʲôرİɡ
ɰͰ͵˵
ǰ˵ڵͶӰûоԣıԵЩĮ۾ȥҲӽࡣ
˵Ǿ仰ʱıЩľȻɫıһԵø䡣
Ȼʵϣѡġ
ȻλңԶ֮س泲·Ǿ߿ɲӴ壬ҲڴʱΪֵ仰겻䶯ͣ
ŰĶڵĳ泲ಿֿʼͬģǲչĴ֫ĻζҲˡ
ֻϧΪһֱУִʱĥ͸ǰֹŹֶ΢ķӦ
ڶԷӲ˵ԼҲûʲôرĻֻԼġ⡱һ³ȥ
˶Է
뵽ܣ־ͽŵüֱ³Ժһθֳ˰ڰίɴڱ¶ģֲª˼
ֻҪ˵һ仰Լпܾͻᱻֱֻɱ
ֱκ˶һ㡣
ǵЩίԱЩޱǿѪᣬαɱǰҺ컨ϵġ
ڰĴ˵ѪỹûвְŨѡ
ǣڶݵľֻӲͷƤǿż˿ڡ
Ϊʲôôأʵӵһۿʱ򣬾;رˡ۾ǳƯ
仰һЩʵС
ϾǸʱ֣ľŮŽò
ڴʱУ۰αװģʼǶԷڰǻŤľ޴塣
÷ɪ˹뿪ʱıӰ
һİģʹڻ棬ֵġ
ֿԸо޷ݵʹ࣬ҲΪԼ˵˵ţǿסĿ־徹Ȼɢࡣ
û˸˵۾ɫرͷ۵ġ
СӵȳУð˰δĻ
ԷᣬᵽðеԼ
΢΢ͷĿֵϣ֮Щԥؿʵ
ꡭۣʲô
ֳŰ΢Ц
ۣһַǳʳģһƯĽɫ󡣶˵ͨõĻҸС
أһ鱦ŹĽɫ͵ΣʱеĽᾧʱⱾ۾ͷ۵ɫҾúرҲƯ
Ŷ
һĬ󣬰գգۣӦһ



ֻԼ֪ѡʵڲͬһ޴е˶࣬ʱỶУʼȻ졣

ͬһʱ̣һˣѪ۵ƾ˳ɴڲ
ͻ˳棬Ӽ֮ڵġkŨ֮ڣȻһɶеࡣ
УkܵξУǱ޵Ǹǿҵļ¶
صĿϲһ͸ˡk־
ͷ·𣬡kǸһ
ͬʱλڳӼеȻķŭ뼵ޡ
Ҹʲô
ңԶʵƬΣξ
ʲô
ξг֧Ļ档
k̨һĮ꣬Ǹ޵Ŀ̽޿תͷֱӿ˶Է
ǸһƵ۾Ƭ̺󣬲ŷǳСӦ
ңûʲôҾǡǾѧ۾Ưѡ

µıһȻ䵫ɫƯĺܡܺÿ
Сȥ
·ҲʶԼ޻ܿ˶Էߡ
ںʲôҾ㣬Ҫ㶢˿
kԼ˵
ĮĻ֮£ؿȴֵá
ҲûкﰡǵģҲǶѧŸô˵һҶ۾Ҳῴֲѧ㡭

˵ˡ
ֻҡ
ֵ˼ӿʡ
΢ģ˼ת˲Ƶķŭ뼵ʡ

ꡪ
ʵУ˳峹׵ؽסˡ
ֵصͷϵľ޴Ӽȥ֮ǰûʲô
ǣȷʵجһ
ǳӼƤѵʱŻᷢ


34 
ⲻܣ
˳ΪԼڷ, ʵУķǱһһƺ߶
ΪһȺͽ, ڼҰѪ, иСĵԸ, ȻҲܻڡڰöӼ֮ǰѾȷϹ, Ӽڲĸߵȼ޵Ļ֮У
ѾȷϹˣ
ɴ˿öӼȷʵ˹ɺıƤĳһ, ¶ģͬϸѿڡ
ʲôԾ, ĺܲԾ
Բ𻯵ʱ򣬳ӼӦеӡΪ֮ͽ, Ѹٵɿ, ֻ뿪öӼ, ܿͷ֣ԼȻ޷
һ£쳹׵ػˡ
ƤȺ, ͬĳƺһ, һȺ嶼ԼʵӲļ׿ڹȥ쿿Լһ, һֱӻļʵ׿ȴʧЧˡ
첻ŵصͷ, ؿԼ塣
ʲôʱʼģ徹ȻѾϸɺĴֱӴ̴ˡ
ϷڳĶ峹״̬, һֱ˿ŷһ㡣
ᵽһֲϢ, ϵػζԼ˫ȣ֫ץзɴϺʵĽǽڡ
ԵЩͻ
ȱԵȻɢ֮ǰɱеʬ壬Ⱥªĳƽͷ­Ĵɢţмͷպö죬ҰɫѾֱض죬·ڳЦʲôһ
𽥸о˱䣬ı䡣ԸоԼڲܻùᴩЩɺ촥֣ԴԴϵ˱֭ҺҴ䵽Ӽڲ
ڱɳӼֻŹֵĳɱ֡
ŵһ̣Ѿȫ޷ˣֻ۾ŽߵöªӼƤԵѷ졣
ѷһһſ¶ͷ˶ޱȵ۾
ǶôŻ鰡޴Ƕһ㱡Ĥ֮ϣ͸ıĤ֮£δȫŨѪ⽬ҺȫûзʵʺͲ̬һ𣬹ֻͬŻ塣
ȻҲòϣ˫۾ɫǳޡ
һ˫ɫ۾ͫĻɫۣꡣ
ӹʱھһֱϲĸ֭ɫ
Ҳ֮ǰһֱ浽ڵʯɫ

ϲɫĻ
ڳױ֮ǰƺһ󺬺ĵöĳӼڲ૴
*
Ȼ֪Լһ仰ĳλǿ̰թƵ˳죬Цķʽʧȥ
񾭼Ƚ״̬УΪǰİѾĬ˺ܾúܾá
£
ֲź˶Էһ
ɰûзӦ
ֻѡȥһ㡣
ǵģ֪ӦֵĿޡ
ѹֿ֪еķ۰갡ʲôȻֵĻǸоԼңԶ˷ǾƺһЩ춯
ʵЩʧأҲʼߣָİȥò˸ѹסԼĹŹַӦ˵ͣ˦βͺͻζʲôġ
˺ð죬ŽԼ˼شªĵͶӰС
궨֣Ŀ΢΢
˵Щ𣿾ǣҵ۾ôƯĻл㱵˵Щ״Σ˵Ưֻôã˶ôðãҲϲ۾ɫ𣿡
Ǿѯʣ΢΢һ
ȻͻȻˣǰ֮ǰͼ߹Ǹܡ
ϲһƶ˵ƶԡ
ǸһʵڳƲʲôõ°ֵҸȻزǸ˵ĸֲ׵
ʱʵΪеĹ
ڣ뵽аֵЩӡĺǰªѪֻεļһȻҲᱻһƭ׾ӵƭƭת
ôһ˲̫ȷǲô޴ֳֻԣֻԻԼֶΣ

֪֪࣬ʵݰ
ֶ˶̽ʵ
ʵݣ
ҵ˼֪ǳ桭Եĳ𣿡
ʮСĵԼԼĻȥĸеһ
˵֮ϢصȴŰĻӦԼֲȵĸ׵㡣
ʵû뵽ʺͲ˼ػش
ΪʲôҪ֪
գգ۾ֵؿ֣ͺһǳ޴һ㡣
ǡһֱƭ𣿡
ܵ˰Ŀ⣬ϥǶڶˣӲͷƤʵ
ѵ𣿡
ʮָɴࡣ
ҳôαװƯŮԣôɰ࣬ͲϲҰɣ

֮ҲúģֻҪ֪ҵʵݣҺͶõҸĻΪʲôһҪأ
ֽŲȱȥδͶӰ˵ú̹Ȼ
Ψһž˵ʱЩ΢شֵߡ
һֱڿǽڣ·ֻĲںиɻ
ֲûע⵽Сϸڡ
⣬
ֵʵڹֱ׳ôһ˲䣬ȫ֪ηԷ
ð˵úҲһ
ϾΪѡǿĴڵ磬ֻҪҪʲôҲ޷֡
㷢˴Ҳװʲô֪ɡ
ִһƭӵ飬аƲһ¡
ΪֻԼļƻӦû˳ŰĻͷͷǣȻѸٱ졣
վǲò˿ڡ
İûа취֮ϵģԼʵݶԸ߶Էôܵõ氮أ
ĥŰ˼̽˵
˵һֱСĹ۲ϵı顣
ڣֵĻ֮󣬶ԷԵľȻٶ۵ϣظֳŵɫ
氮
ĥʲôһظ
Ƭ̺գգ˫ɫ۾
ǣұͲܵõ氮ѽԻ˵ֻһ覴ƷѣΪʲôҪȥ׷ֲʵʵĶ

ĥõĻ˲ֿ˺
ϵ۵ķϣΪʲôΪʲôķӦ֮ǰթƭʦѧĿγȫһ
ԭļƻǴ氮Ϊһƭַġ
ΪֻðʧĻᡣ
ҲֻеõĳΣпܡΪѧ
ԭ;ѡ
ϾΪһֱУȫ֪顣
ڻ˰Ի·ִڡ
ѵֻܿԼˣ
о
վǱԼ˿ڡ
ϾԸоʱƺһЩϸ΢Ĳֲһķ򿪵ı֣ץᡣ
ġ
ҧҧȥˡ
ǰһȻһ
ܿ죬־˰ǰ
ǿס屾ܵɪ̧ͷ˰ߡ
ôľ£ԿͫӳԼССӰ
ܻ˰ġ
һһ԰˵
ΪȽţ˵úȥΪֻԵøᶨ档
ֻ覴Ʒ
ؿ֣ΪһֻѡӦκԼ
Ȼ֮ǰҲԲκγ嵨ô
žΪֿʱ򣬰ֱɵסһ
ϲ覴ƷģԸͲҪ˷ʱȥ顣
ʣŻӦ
Ȼײֵ֮ͫС
ǸӵȳͷֿŰ
˵Ͳ㿴Ҿͺϲ㰡
ô˵


35 
˻ɫ˫, ͵ؿ֡
ΪͶӰ˲԰⸱ʱ򣬿ȥȻǲ֪Ƶġ
Ȼ, ĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵ֪롣Լʶ֮ǰ, Ѿ̧ȱֻ֣ܿƵһֵ촽

ȡ
̬Ӧе״̬
û̽鵽κξŤװûյ١
֡
૵
ֻԼġ
ΪһֻڷָԼʶĳ壬ԭͲ̫ó˼ӵ, ƫƫ˿ٵ, Ѿȫȫسܹķ롣
ôϲ覴Ʒأ
ȻǿַѯѡĿȴԵЩն˵ڸֶԻ, ˵
ûлش
Ϊ룬Ǳŵ˵
ĳֻͶӰʵһǿռʵʿ, Եʵĸʱ, ǹһ㣬һĻı䡣
ÿ¡
Ǵ˿̵ԺΨһܹ뵽ĵʡ
ǰİȥ꣬, ڶԷԼʱ, ڻиоԼһ˫ڵ۾Լ·𿴼˰ͶӰ֮µʵ壬λңԶ֮, ӡ˼ɵĿֲ֮
Щ޴
䶯ֳľ޴档
һʵĺӰ
ֻΪͶӰӴʶЩõӰ, ȻΪĴŵùǺ
ҺãΪȾʧ̬֮ǰ, Լ쳣
ĺ֡
ϵ, üͷ, Ե÷ǳ
ȻȻжԼͶӰ
ɫ԰Ĳмֱ꣬ʧˡ
һ˲ָ˿յ
ȷѾȥ֮ǿŵһȻɢһ˳׵ع˵ϡ
ԼؿڣڴڵشʱüֱҪؿڣ亹ı
ղԼ׿ʲô
Щ޷⡣
ʵϣԴӰίɴϮ֮־;ԼһŲȽج֮СʵʼߣַԼ˳ĸֲ֮û̫ʵУԷû̫ھšȵʶԼ࣬Ѿصʱѧֳˡ
ѧıӻ£ٶӣֶδȻżֹ۵ڴ
ֱʵڷɴ֮ڡ
ָоԼԭеϣˡ
ѧˣǺɭ÷ɪ˹ѾʧˡȻ־ͷ֣ԼȻҪһֵֹĳ壬Լֻĵɲʵ
һΣѧѾٱˡ
һǱ
ָ̧Լľ䡣
һθѧֱʱ÷ɪ˹öΣһֱڲϡ
ѧ
ţս֮ͺͿԴǱϼȡһ˿΢
ʱǰȻֳһΪսʱּĳ
ţһ֡
Ƿ
ȷ/ϡ
СС⣬ִӿ־ʹȻع
Ȼؿϵַͫ΢
ȵȣ仰˼ѵǡ
̽Եذȷϼһ룬ԭ뱳ĺɫȻɣϵ
տ˹ṩϢеѪԼ¶Ų̬Ķռ
ԣѪὫ۳ϽĿȨԼϡҲΪʲôڸ֪÷ɪ˹Ϣ󣬿˹Ҫȡ½
Լ¼Զܰѽ
Ȼֵǲ÷ɪ˹Լʲô̬ĶռҲȫû뵽⿪ЩװþȻ÷ɪ˹ֱӵݵԼС
һ˲䣬ӭ˾ΥɸУ֮ģȴôҲû뵽巴Ӧ
һ
·ʲôһ˲ˣǹӿ񾭺Ѫвӣ־Լÿһ鼡⣬ÿһƤڻķۡ
ȫȻ
Ļһ㣬ǣԸоԼڲ֭
Щиõģһȡ£пܻ̼ٹȷڡ
ڼҪ־ʹʹȥ֮УԺ˲֮ǰ˹˵Щ
ɲ֪νĸܹص̶ֳȡ
㻹ûҵӹ۲ԼıҲ֪Լڵ״һ൱⡣
ԸоЩҺڲ˳Լĳµ䡣
Ϳ֤һ㣬ǶеҲÿ·͸֭Եʪ
æңǼ÷ָë
ǵëݵʱȴ˲ϲԼ֭æоЩͼЩȫװȥӿ֭Ѿıһֱ䵽СȣȻǽ˵ϡָоʵּˣֵȫ޷Լ˿̵塣
־ʧ뵽˼㡣
Ȼ󣬾ʱһϤġɳɳ컨ϴ
ᣬ׾ֳĸ彩ԭء
Ƭ֮Ŵһ־У̧ͷķ
컨ϿЩϤĸɱӡ

֮ǰ
ڴ˾˽˷ɴ۸ӵڲ֮ܵС
ǰѾĵ˼ֻ֣ʣһ˿ܺͼڵС壬ںڰ֮УȴĽ١
ԭȺǿǣûκβ䣬⿿ǰڲӪά£ֵҲѾˡٲ֣ǸûлȥĿܣοڲ֮ǰǻܵ˳ĸ
ǻ¶֪עҪȥʧƷ
ȻʱһεظܵڳĸĿ־塣
ڰ˲΢ϸСâЩѾɿݵľ׳ѵ̧Լĳ֫ѹեһ˿ʼųĸ˹ȥ
㱻𣬱񣬵ǸֲѪıȴǲġ
Ҫ
衣
ȻжԶ֮ǰ׳ȺվһΪ֮ǰĸֻܱȲڷɴ䣬ǸϵĿĵصʱ򣬳ĸϢȴĸı䡣
ٻǵĿ־ʧȡ֮ģ˳ͨܵһһӹ
κһֻ巢ζѾΪ˥ߣ־׳Ǹ޷Լıܡ
Ͼֻһ£ĸŻ˳֭ܵ
ǾǵkҪԼĺǵʱ
£ĸڳ۵ʱ򣬵kһضĲ
ǾѡһǱܵǿ塣
ǳĸѡһЩѡ˵׳ҲͬʱϢαǳĸֻ׳棬ЩȻձܣɢǿϢأ岢ȥľǡ
һΣĸϵϢɾkûκǿ׳ıǣҲζţΨһϲıڳųĸȺСӡ
貢ûǡ
衭Ҫǡ

ѾҪ÷˵ľͨܵڲӿ
һֻֻֻ
ִ͵ؿųԼǰֻ塣
һֻӦǵġ족Ҳ֮ǰһֻ֮ǰֻξ޴جеĴڡ
Ȼٿֻͬ壬ȴ֡족ѾΨһˡ
׳ζСһȦǸǰֱּ߲͸Щĳǿǽӽɵࡣ֪Ⱥֻʣ³ǵĳӵôڵġ
ѹʼֻֻԼǰΪֻſжɡ

Ҳ֪Եʣ֮ǰһſ˱ʲôܣһԺĺ
ǲԣһֱָӶʶ
һΣЩӵʶвжԡ衱ļȾһǿҵĿ
ʳ
־ɲضЩӡ
ûз裬ܵЩʶĴڵĻôζţǰ⼸ֻӣѾÿҪˡ
Ȼһֱŷ·궼ҪѹɾļȼЩȴʼСڷĽ䡣
ǵ쳣ªȴ˸ĳֽӽŷƵ⡣
˿̣þ޴ĸۣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ֡ǳªģΪ۵ջһֱڲʼղҶһ¡
ȺʶУȺȻǵ֮ǰΪ족ĳªǳⲢһĻ
ڵȴֵ
ǿ֡˱ڳĸ֭

ľؿǼֻӡ
ΪԼᱻŵιȥϾ֮ǰֻһֻӵʱѾŵÿˡ
Ȼ˿̵ӵӵֻ֣֮Լû̫
ãЩӿȥͦġ


36 

ΪԼ˿ӿֳİ, ؾɲΪʲôһȺªСӿأѵҲʲôʹõļ
ʱʦᵽĳЩߵȼĳͨľŤ֪ͱ˵ǰսУĳλĴսʿڳ彫ľ񹥻, ΪԼ˶Էڹؼսз˵ֿ, һ߳˻ûȺ
˵ʷǿսʿ, 󱻳Եֻʣ°ͼָͷ

ֺЩ١
ȺСӡ
ĺܳ
Ⱥɱľһ£ɪشԼβ͡
û̫һ㣬ֻǺȷԼԳòϵ֪ûбŤ
ǡ
衣

ǿ䡭Ư
ӵ˼һδݵֵʶСһ, ƴͺ֮⣬ͷЩеûġ
Ȼ, Ļһ衱
⵽ʲô񹥻˵ԼǸĳĸԻȺΣյĹ
־, ԥغȺĹŹֳӽʱ, ĲȴͻȻ֮׼
, , ҿԽ𣿡
¼壬ڳĵطѹûν˽ȨȨ
ڽĲ֮ǰòĸ壬Ҳֻп˹еˡҪ֪, ϸ˵, ڵֻǿ˹˽
ѹͲҪֵκ, ôˡ
˵÷ɪ˹֮⣬˹ѾΪƵĳˡǶĿǰ˵, ۿ˹Ƕôò, , ڷ塣
Ϊڿ˹ֵһ˲䣬ޱȾֵؿǰȺѾðʱƨĸɱӣˢˢת
ǵβ͸߸ߵսǰ׼ơ
ľǿɲΣһСȺ忴ȥΪɲȻֿԸоȺСӴʱѾǿ֮ĩʱпΪȵʹȥ
ȵȣͣͣ¡
ԼȺСӷָ
ǶѾ⸱˻Ŵܣ𣿹뿪
ŵس˵
ǲ֪ΪʲôСȴû
ǵʶǿش˹
衭
ö

ǴͲǴ
СǴݹʶһЩɢģˡ
ϣȺڵ״͵ͬڼж־ˡ
ʱˣΪʲôɵűԼ
֣
ͬһʱ̣ͨѶ￨˹Ѿü
ôˣ
Ǹ˹벻Ҫһ㲻㣬Եһ¡
ӲͷƤͨѶĿ˹۽ǲڷ䡣
Ⱥֳִһϴĳ塣
ȺԼĲԼûа취ͣЩԭʼ̬׳Ϊʲô
ֶԼ˵
һжֻΪ˱øӸӸ鷳ѡ
Ұοͬʱæңһѳ֮ǰ͵ԼֱߵëҵزԼıʱ˳ۡ
ûеëͱЩ֭׽͸
ֽΪ֭óëֱֱӶȺľ档

ִܵص
ëǰȺΪ׵һֻҲֻּ׳Ѹٵǰһ̽ޱԼǰ֫ס˽͸˳۵ë
ֱΪԳȺļ̶ȣǴŻ᲻ܲ̿ʼʳ
ȻֻСֻСë޴ĸֱض֡
衭
㡭
ǵ˼ЩңȵļѾߵ֭ߵΣ
ӵЩ׵ĳЩ޴롣
ҲǵʱͻȻʶȺľԼ˵ʲô
ҲԣϾǴӼǰĻʯĹŶ棬ӲʹҲģȻҲְ˰Ĵڴϳ衣
ڸǷι˻ڵԼΪʳ޷ĸס
һȺӣֱͷʹѡͷöǣ˹ͨѶ
֣
˵ȥȻЩš
׷ʲôû𣿡
ȵȣ˹һС״ѡ
ϳۣ뿪

Ҫ˷֡
ַ꿨˹ʶعʱŷԼȻûпڣֱԼԺȺָ
һСԶ׼ˡ
ǣ衭
ҲҪǱ
ֲòּһָ
Լ
ֵָ£ֳָɱСޱϧشʪëѸٵ컨ͨܵ뿪˲ҡ
ֿ뿪ıӰֻԼǷˡ
ԼȻڵǡ
ڳȺ뿪һ룬ĲžԶˣߴĳ첽س˷䡣
֡

ڲǰ˹˴Ϊ׼ƲҡǵӰίɴкдΨһڣ԰һֱǳСģҪܵر֡
Ȼܵı򼸺һ˲ͱ߽⣬ҷɴϣһĴ޼
˹ɫؿʼԼĹԣֽȨ޵ľȻǰʱеһİģԳ֮Ϊŵ
û˱ȥԵɵɣһ޺İʵķӡ
԰ʱȻе񾭡
ǴĹ
֪Լʲô˺޿ص𺦣ǰֻĹҲκε
û˻Լʱϡ
Ĵڡ
˵СĴڣϡ
˹ԼǴεģԼһǷ˲Żðֵ֪Ĵڡ
ڸֵĲʱ˹ѾĴ㡣
Ŀֻţ־þòŵʱִ߷塣
գ˹ֵӣֱȲš
ûԤϵŴ򿪺ĲѪе׳棬ǡһͷĲ԰ꡣ
ȥһ˲䣬ŵʵʣ˲ס˹ǿĬĺڷ塣һ̣·𳹵׾ֹ˹԰֣ں׼£ȵ۽ɵĳʪ
ͻȻԶȥʶ˲ģ˹ΨһܹܵģֻŨ
Ƕô̲סٵԴԴϵأԶǸʧĲ԰ɢ
һֻ¶
˹һֱ˿̣Լ壬еʶһ㡣
֮ǰʵ˹һֱ޷⣬ΪʲôǿѪȺ䣬¶͵ȼĳô̬
Ȼ˿̵Ŀ˹ȻԼ·ЩѪᡣ
¶Ҳͬһ㣬ôĺгܹջ
Ҫ֪԰ֿûѪĻȱݣǲֲܵܿƵջ
Ȼ˹Ȼ˺ܳһʱŽԼɢƴջԭԼ塣
ѹ󣬿˹ʶΪʲô硪ֵĲЩ
Щ¶ϵĽ䡣
ӵСĳȥܾţ
֮ǰΪ˲óۣʮֱִسԼ·´ʱЩ
ǿ˹֪һ㣬ֻ֪֮ǰֵķ
ϵʱ򣬿ıǱ֡
ֻζһ¡
ǿ𣿡


37 
˹ǳѹ, άԼƽȴ֪˿̵ɫжѿ
ʵ
Щҵؿ, ˵ʱЩǰԲ
Ҳûʲôġ
ĳλֳĸƴԼŲһֱͨܵʵĻ, ԸоЩСӲûԶ룬һֱھҲԶĵط
˵׳һֱĸĻΪʲôֵʱôһﲻʹС
죬ǿɲҪͻȻɲϣʱ˹ʬ塭, ЩҲҪ
вϵţȴҪͣӦ˹ǹڵǵѯʡ
ֻ˳Ҷѡ
˵˵ţ˼Ҳע⵽˿˹쳣ǿҵ, ʶס˲԰ŵǸλԼĲӡ
ûʲôĻĽ
Ľôܻ򿪣
·ôң
㵱ʱǴô, ֻª, аĴ޼ɵȡ֭
Ҳ
ҲһСĴ˿ȡ˽ѡ
ָ뿪ڽ, ʱ򲻾ض˿˹
ڷӢǶ԰ļɵԼһֵģЩġǡ֮ǰЩֿ಻Ե׷ߣû¶Ƶı顣ֵ˶, һ뷨ٿȻԺ
Ǹӵͷֵθ΢΢˶Ծս˲÷ɪ˹Ρ
ѾԽˡ
·и߱
ͬһʱ̴΢ؿ˿ڡ
ҲǡСĴ˽ѡһжֻ⡣
˵
ûκιϵ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ֲû˵ѣ, ԼС̵, ЩȥӵнȻͬ˼
ڹ¶Ժʱ, ǻŹǺѻġֺѧˣһССʵԵõЩһϡȥĽգܱסԼӪݶôΪʲôأ
ֱΪԼڳ֮Ǹˣ¶ԺıӼܿѪҺ˹Ļ֮󣬱鷴øѿ
ôԼ
ֻѣȴ˿˹ĻһֱͷԱܿԷߣҲټˣ𣿾͵ҿ㡣
ֵȾһ˿
º˹Ҫ׷仰ֱֿ׳ؽһС򿪽Ϊ뵽÷ɪ˹ӵзǳɲ˵ȥ
ϾֻһֻС۳ѡ
˹ס촽δ˺ڹԼ֮ǰǸ
ҺܱǸķǳǸ£һ취ðҪ١Ҫ顣
˹ɳƵ˵
̧֣ʶҪ֣ȴڰ;Ȼͣ¶
һͼԼ侲ܿʶԼһľٶڵӿİȶȡԸоԼĺͷ쳣ɿʡ
ǺȻʮִѪıȴԡ
뽫һнҴҷ鲻ٷ
ߴĳ˵ȴһ˿̵Ǳ
󣬾Ҳ޷һ㣬ȷֲ޴֮󣬿˹ѸתҪ뿪ʱȴںס
˹
˹޷Ƶͣ˽Ų
תͷ֡
ûµġ
˵
*
թƭʦ㷢ĿһЩ飬ô죿ץסԷĴţȻûԼ̵㹻ĺôҪôʹش
թƭʦԷ£㲻ģѹӦøˣΪõĻᰡͬѧǣǧҪ˷ƢҪôҵĸһҪŴһ㣬һҪ߿ɳչ·ߡ
*
ڲ֮ǰ裬ɿ˹óһֱŬǰĵĿ־ʹ
ǿԼ¶һҰ׵΢Ц
ֵϴű۸ڵӲ
̫ˣ췢һУûйϵ
ǣȻʱ˻Ŭ˹
ʼһֱڱңһֱ֪ңֻΪ
ֵһЩȡ
Ϊ۷ʲôһ
*
թƭʦԷˣҪ˺ôԷͻԼѾֲһйʱţ˵͹ȥˣһ룬ģһЩϸںãȵȣҵҲûʲôɣֻҪôһ룬ˣǾ͸㲻ʲôĺô˶Բԣ
թƭʦҪ̣ҪҪװһرΪģ
*
һ߻ĳλʦ˵Щ̵һڡ
Ϊ˵ݼֳĬ˺һ
Լﲻʺָɴ˵Ȼڿ˹ת͸ǿѹס¶飬ƴαװԼľǿˡ
ʵҽе㱻ŵ˶ѣеʱ򣬺֡
Сƺʲôɪһ¡
ʵ֮ǰͼҾͼˣǸʱ÷ɪ˹ܿ͡Ȼֹ˹ûдԷ۵һ˿ǿʹ
ÿ˹ؿơ
ûµģ˹֪һб鵢ˡ
*
թƭʦһҪǵãԶҪץͣκ͸УȻǾͿԽһ㣬ȥ顣
*
ܹңѾܿˡ
ԺвϵػĳλʦĽѧ
ʵУס۵΢΢⣬ϸ΢سſ˹
ֵĻٿģһĲԼҵ½󣬿˹˲ԼʲôԼһֱڼصĶȻѿһϸСѷ졣
оڶаĶѷһѹȥϸǾʲô
ȷһǣ¶ֺޱ̣ټϿ˹֮飬ò԰ԭֳԵģڸָеĴ߻£ת쳣ǿҵı
һᴦһУһᡭһᱣ㡣
˹һһ䣬귢֣صԡ
ؿһһ룬ɫ԰׵С壬¶˲õķЦݡ
ţ㡣
浽޴ļΡ
ɿ˹ȴԼЩмܲסвײģǽǶϱܵūһ㣬ǱǼֵĲҡ
˹԰Զ֪뿪󣬼ǰԵó޴С¶˲¶һֱ顣
Ⱑ
ֿűպϵĲţɫӵ૵
ԼѾˣҪÿ˹ȥԿʲôģǺȻֱҲûбϣϾԼʵʵ̫ˣ˹ָ߼壬ܹ£һѾ£һѣܹһһ㡭
Ȼһֱô˵Լģһ뵽֮ǰչֳʵԼٳıƻ־ǳ֮С
ܹɱ
Լ
ȻԽ룬ԽǱۡ
̲סظһ²ϵĵ׹
ѧᰡ
ε̾
ǸܹԼһͺˡڼʱ͸ɴԼ۸ԼԼ֮ǰЩһͺˡ
ĵ׿ɬš
Ļɷһвͨıƻ
ĵ͵͵߶ȥѧʱĳϤģͶ
תͷ׼ȷض컨Ǽ˫ĳ帴ۡ
ڿ˹ߺ⼸ֻ̾ˢˢشͨܵ̽ͷרעض֡
Ļġ
ͷε̾һ
˹ǱָϵĻѲɣҪЩӣ
΢΢һ


38 
ʼܵؾŵ֮޿κ, ԼҲûʶ£ѾʵϽȺĴڡ
侲Ժһͷβۡ
ܹЩڰίɴײԭʼ̬Ѱó, ЩܶǰڵĻʯΪԵ, ȷʵǷ׳档
Щ׳Եʱڴɱİ˹°Ҳ˺ܴ˺Լ˹ϴ˾ķɴ֮, һЩСҲ֪ظҷɴ
ΪʲôҪ, ΪʲôʼԼ, ԭˡ
ֿЦ̧, ظһԼļιǡûнĳһֱڶ⻺֭
÷ɪ˹֮ǰᵽڳĻֻڻӵȥõĳĸкĻ, ǿ̶ȳġһڱڵĳĸͬɡ
ڳĳת
ڵ˵˵һ, Ҳ˵Ǿ޴
ϵЩ֪ʶûг̫Ļ, ôĸѨеһ׳, ǳĸΪҳϵߡ
Զʱ, 廹ֻһȺֻбܵĵͼʱ, ϾһֻĳĸԶ, kµĵһһ˵ҲΪǿΪ׺, ΪҳϵĴڡ
Ͼ, ĸҪ춨µ, ٲЩkٽ, 泲չ˵k
ţ˵ʼ߳ҪǲòҳϣĸԼҲ군
һµһԶ԰ġ
Ƴһ۲Զĸɳǣǵڴ˲תΪʧ
ĸĵһܸȻҲûɶϵ
һӲģллأûеӵһ
ڶȺ۴ĸ˵ǿ󡱳ϹϵϾһȺӻʯ׳棬ӪŪôܻ࣬ҲһһϢʱĴƤģ
ҡ
衣
衭

ҺӻǺܺãҲ
ŸɳǿаȴôҲβסļ˼ûס̾һ
ɵСǾ˰ĹﵱĸףҪԣͷʹ
ԼЩС˵ʲôĸ裿
ĳĸֺȺӻԼ
Ҳôһ룬֪ȺСӸӦʲôһ־;ԼＷСǳҪǿ˼
ϲ裡
ϲ裡
ϲ

֪֪Ǳˡ
εֹţȻ̧ͷ컨ȺݰͰ͵ĸɳӡ
һ̽Եغһǡ
Ǹ
ЩӲغ
磬ݴҰèкȻСȴֱӳ˹
ò˵ֻĳβͱֱӳ˵ĳ滹ֲ̫ˡ
ֺһͣͷƤˡ
ҺãɳƺҲԼλĸסʵ൱ܵţңҲرϲǡ
ԣһԾ컨ֱǰʱʮֹɵд
׳Ǳ׾ذԼĳ֫£βֱֱԼֻβͼǴβ̣ΪĶƲסζš
֮ǰöԶȴ֪㣬ʱˡ
۾ǰĳӣƬ̺Ȼûĵһ䡣
ĶȺӻǴһ̶ȵļɵֻûסСĵسŸɳͷֻ֡
ɳɳ
ֻӼ֫˲շĽϣйɵϸСĦ
ܿͲ䵽ֵϥǰȻзִͣ
ֶһ˫ʯ㣬΢΢˸޻׹ĸ۵ע£ָ΢ʮСĵؽ̽˳ӵĶͷ
Ӳġ
Сӵȥʵ̫Ǽ׿ǵĴУȥʵϸӽĳϽ𣬱䣬⻬Ӳ
β̻ζķһЩ
ԼͬྐྵȻ衱ָˣԭؾأһֱгػڡ족ĳȺɧ
ֻӰ಻סĵĿҲش˹
ֵĶ˶ɶס
ֻ̾Ͳ
ϰȶβȴȻ˦һ־˵ٿȻԼͬ˦Զ
£Щͼ׳ǽһ㱻˦ǽϣǵβ̴֮ȴпٵسֵࡣ
ȻһСĵرܿˡϴβ͵ķΧֻøֱضͷϵ֡
ġ
ĿɿڴؿŸղŷһС
ûӦô֮ǰԵùɵġӡȻôײˡ
һͿż֮ǰԵ׺ѪСֱѹ壬ʮָɴǰ¶Լĸ
ڳ԰׳ԡĸס־ٶΪһֳ
ǣҲΪĳ
ϾӪǣûȫϾбļ׿ǡ
Ŀǰ״õġϴҲˣĸֻһ͸ͬϰıףԼԼ΢΢ζࡣ
ֱֱּǰƤϵĳӡ
ϾƤϵĳʵǡ
ΣǾúЦ
ɲò˵ֻӱܵľٶĵԭʮִǵ㾯ͼɵɢˡ
ˣ϶԰ڲǻиԱСè𡣡
ĵװԼ
ŬԼ֮ǰЩܰţȻʱŵʱҲû뵽гһջԼ뵽ĻèĸǸɫϡ
ӡЩײеԱڳ󣬶Իèĸɱž˵˳ɡ
Ӧò
ֶԼ˵
ʵڲԼͶιһۣõ֮£ЩܸöԼһ̶ȵɣ
ôȺӵĿ⣬Ҳ֪
ôȡְɡ
ĳλתĸҲ˲ЩܲΪǵĵһȡֻҪȡġ
㣬һš
Լϥǰĳֻô˵
ţţĺš
ְСӲţеૣȺȡ֡
ʵΪûкģȡ൱򵥴ֱûˮƽ
ǣҲ֪ǲԼĴܾãڸȡֺȺӿȥȻҲüĿࡣ
ĳǿҵĻϵشֵԺС
Ȼڿ֮еģһǿҵ󡪡
裬

Ѿ˳溢ǵĴڣΪһֱУֻǲֱ̫˱Լ֭
ǣ̫ܽóǸſԼֵۡȷʵҲǱ÷ɪ˹ʵжúõؽһݵģٴҲó
ԣɳһδ˼˼ʱֻ̾÷ֵһë
Լʮְµ·΢΢΢ЩŤؽë֮ϡ
ںרעĿ£ÿһͷ¸첲Ȼ󽫽͸֭ëšɡ
εδĳ۲ڵϡ
˵С̴̰˳ۡ
Ǽ̧֣ëԼ֭
ܣŨĳ·ĿȾɫַëԼĳʱûзԼȺɫһתΪӨ
ͬʱеĿҲԴԴϵرͨϵͳȡѭܵȥеĿװýĻϴúܸɾȻ
ڷɴڣһֻߵȼСָӹٺȻֱ壬ԸоԼĴǸ߸𣬷·ѰʲôȻعʱȴ֪Լղһ˲ڴ뻶Ӻζ
ڷɴĩˣֻѲ߳һ˲Ļ㱣ԭ̬ɢ¶˾޴ֲԭʼ̬ԭڼȿܵ²Żʧ̬
յĹۼеӹزȺܵͼֻǿұܵĵͼг˾ҵļ
Ӧҩߵѣڿʲôһ˼˻


ͬһʱ̣ĳλѡʧǵڷɴﻺεš
Ȼͣ˽Ų˰Լĸһ૵
֡ΪʲôȻö


39 
˳Ӫء
, һ޴죬·екƴһĴɭ򻺻ĬǰС
˳ľۼͬʱҲǳ۹Ϊܵĵ, ȴ˺֮СûĳȺ, ûʰߺдͣСͷͧ, ûǼʺŤֲķǷս
ͨѶﶼһƬž
ⰲجεǿУһҲ۵ǳɫͧ¹ܵ, ȻַǷ˳ۼء
ͨǷֱӴں󣬷ͧɭڲĿոۡ
һȻӷͧ˳
ݣǿȥ൱ɣ̬ϣ۽Щǳǳϸƣ֤Ͳᡣ
ɫȴ׳ûûΡ
߳ͧһΧ, ˡŶһ
ַǷĿո˸ͺŷĲкԼͬȺʬ
ϵͳѾ, ֱһƬʬɽѪ
еĳ忴ȥΪ˴ĺеﻹ߬ؿں͸¶ͷҺеĿȥҪҶˣǵʬ忴ȥײʲôաһһѪ飬濴ȥ
Щι״֫ԼɫѪҺ㼯һƯŵĺ, ָÿͼפڲȥ
ʣյĶͽѱ⸱ģĴ˿ûԼٵĴ㡣˫ֲڿ㶵һߺŸһɵƹӵʬ壬ɾͿԿλߵǰ·׼ĺԼӶһλǰʵڴ, һʬ鶼ûС
˼ĺĿʱ, һųͷ­Ư˹
һ൱ĳͷ­, ϸܵ۾Ķͷϣֻʣͷ­ʬ࿴ȥսթʱı鵹ûĲһߵĿ¶ʱܵľ޴־
ǧ߿ϴۣɣôң
ǿͷ­ԭɵ˿ȥ΢ôһ㡣
˲ϲϴóϣΪ˳幫ϵ죬ڰĵߣǧ߿ϴȷʵǸ⵫㹻ֵСӡǴ˸ղŹ۲쵽ĺۼǿϴҲûλߵǰ̫á
鷳˰
Ӻףòƿһص̾һȻû˿ԥֱ˳Ѫ˿ġ
ţûüǰԭԵֿĽžͺȻ£˾޴ײ
ˣ
ѾĳȺѪȾĻɫżʵʵѪһƬǽ壬һֻεĴýռе޻ﶼһ顣
˷⶯һĳУһֻθߴɫĮȻĳ壬תͷ
ˣǸ
֣С˵
ҽһ°ҵֻֽǸպǷһǮյȺ󲻵òѡĲǹŵġ
Ϊûüѻ˵꣬Ȼһɿӵ˴һߡ
ꡪ
֮ǰڵĵطѱһɺβֱӴ̴
ۣλСѣƢȥ̫ð
һԼؿڡ
ûܰȵ˵仰Ϊ˵ͬʱѾһڴͷ˺üȦ
ȵȵȣлú˵ծʵûܰ
ȥǱʼղϸ紥ְĶβУҲȫûа취ͣ£ֻһһߴ¸ͣ
Ѫϴ˳ӪصĮ壬һֱʱȻŹֵرԼ̬¶ϸĶβ
ͬʱȴʼָͣĵĵϡ
ĬеϢӢ˸е־ûһ˿顣Ҳǳ壬ǸµһĮȻþһǡ
ֱߵȻһ˲תΣϮ
ȻתչһɺᣬסǶ˵һ
ףѪ᣿
һ˲ѿڶĵ
ȵȣ԰βԭʼ塭˻ϵζô£
ڲ֪ѾչֳЩΡ
üĳ֫˸߸ߵ񷶥֮ϣƬƻľ޴ȻչȻֱѸٵ˻ȥ
ƵĹȻͣ˶Ĺ
̧ͷ۾
֪˭
૵˵ķʽ൱׾ոѧ˵һ㣬޿ɷϵǣЩӲҲ൱дԺ
һԷ˵̲סһս
û뵽йνԼķ
˵֪ܲɱ𣿰Уϸ첲ȣƴꡭָճĳӡ
Ƴһ۵ϵˣϸֳһĨЦ
ȻʱֻϰԺ˵˵û뵽ǣһ룬һӰεĶβȻ˿ˡ
𾪣ʵҲ֪˭
µһ˲䣬ϤΣٴϮͷ󾱵ĸӦȫֱһαĶβ׼ˡ
ͣͣͣҰѻ˵òã
Ѹġ
Ҳ֪㾿˭֪һЩģ
ĵп࣬ڵ桪ԣֻӼ塪ĺƢҲ̫һ㡣
ᰲǸɵƵǴı̬ѣȻôһֻǷ𣿣
֮ǰǴһöʱ˵ͷȻûȡѵȻŪǰֳͷβɱ¾
ĵ׷ĳλ˾ͬʱ񽥽
ҲµûĳָĳλλȨصĳйءļһᰲ𣿡
ǹЦ˵
ǣԶᰲ֮һĮȻ
Ŷ군
Χ𽥳صԼԽԽԵΣԤǵЦЩӲ
һȻɴһ˵ǼһǸ̬̬ӲʹҰȴܴ󡣱ǳ˾ÿԭ֮ĸľͬڣʵһֱ˽Ƿԭʼ̬ѡȵȣ֪ʲôɣǴ֮ĹѨƮЩ⡣֮ЩѶ֪˶ãܵȾǿ϶ģһǻһЩֵֹ⡣ᰲɵƾͺĪ֪ˣӡһء
ۿĮɫԽԽ䣬۵׸һƬţ
ȻᰲʵղҾͷˣϢرԣͲʱĸ壬ԭʼ壬ʡڵУҲֻķǷ鳡ܵĳԭʼˡңϻһرԵı־


40 
Ƴһĳ, ѪɫŨ÷·Ѫ㼯ɵĳᣬĻ, ԵΧһɫࡣ
˲Щ΢ϲ÷ĳ顣ԭʼ, ȴֲһЩȺĳ򡣹⿴֪㣬ᰲʵҳӵʵ塣
Ʋסֿ˿ǶԳ򣬶ᰲֶ˼Ի벻ͨΪʲôᰲֵ顪˵ĸֵѾ˶, ȥбһ, ƵϡһֱᰲΪűӳϣɵĸ˵, ĳһֻ塣
, ᰲȴظ, һûõѪᡣ
ðɺð, ѪĳȷʵƵǿĹ٣ǽͨ˵ġ
ݸղ˵Ķݽ, ڱǶԳѹûжʵ, þΪɫޣԺʺżɡ
ͺ
˵ˡ

ԷŹ˰ɣ
˳Ĭ˺ܾá
ҡǴᰲʵġ
Ȼ˫Ľɫ˫ġ
ȥ

ˡ
ΪʲôҪôǳӵʵ壬ɱȥָΣյǲܡ
Ȼֹ, Ϊɺβ, ֻһ㣬ǴҺβ̱ᴩֱӽҺע䵽ȥ
ҪǮġ
ϵ˵
, ĵز˼䣺Ȼһֱ˵ᰲǼһɵ, ɵƵݿǳ˾, һǲȥġҲǸӼĸɣʱڣʵڲ͵ȸʮ꣬ȳ׳ȥҲ
ȥᰲ
ѪĳʮִԲ
ʼץͷ
Ϊʲôͼʲô
ѯʣ˱ɫжһ˿ãҲ֪

ϸ룬ԼԺжνķǷ鰮ߡ˾ᰲû˿ӡ
ӳӼ۾ԵΧг¶شŷɴвϴ֪Լ˭֪ԼԼԼģһģ뷨
֪ԼҪȥ
Ҫȥһˡ
Ǹˣڵ
ȻŬҪǸ˵òݵʱԺȴֻһؿڸǻӿɬͽСǣġ
һֻ㱵ģԼҲ޷ġ
·иĵ
ɣҵǸ˸Ͳ
Ͳ㡣
Ȼͬһʱ̣ıȴȻڲϽţʹȥѰǸ޷Ĵڡ
ѧ
ѧҺ㣬Ȼһȥġ
ѧԺ󶼻ᱣ𡭡ǿ̫ˡ
ʲôԺһҵȻǺܿĵģϾǸѧһ

ԲѧĶԲһˣ䲻㡣
ѧ㣬ŹҺòã
ѾһеˣȴԼԼģȴǿҵĵġ
Ǹ˷ǳСΪԷǳױ۸
ûԼǰĻţΪ־壬ίԼƴȥֺ˰ɣ

ǰļһ˵ĵĻԼνĴ˾ᰲķǷôǸ˵ҲȻ

ڴʱֻĳ忪ڶ˵
ҪζȥǴĻҪҪף
ϸع۲ǰֻʵ壬ȻЦ
ҵǸպ֪ᰲǴķɴķ·ߣ˵Ŀ취ǱȥΪףҪһССæ
һﲻض
գգ۾ֻҪɱһֻضѣֽа
˵˿ΧЦ㿴䶼˳ɱô壬ҿҪܴܴȥᰲ˵İʽĺܺ㡣
мġ
㿴һӼĳ壬زģһͷ˶˷ʱ䰡Һһλ˫˷ʱ;áңʵڲ㻹ɱҲǻع֮ǰ״ֶ̬Ϊ԰ɣ
˵ҲЩ顣
Ϊѻ˵ˣǰֻһĳȴʼûлӦ
̲ס˶ԼֽţĻʱ򣬶Ѹһ㡣ҲΪСһֱϵϵһٿȻڡ

˫ͫʶҪץ˱졣
ĬԣϢɭȻʵͷĿֱضס׹
һöοʯڳҰ׵ҫϸСĹԡ


41 
ҡ
ϵһγĽš
˵, һȻӵǰͼԼĿʯʧˡ
ͬһĮĹĹ, ˫ֽգץסöʯ
Ҫ
˵
°ڱԷĶβֱӶĳ, 仰ɫʱʮѿ
ⶫ˵ûκ塣
˵
һûκμֵμƷѡ
ǰġƷ, ʲôʽ̽мֵĵط˺ÿ֮ȷʵûκر֮
ȻôһֱԼ䡣
ΪÿԼѾ˾, Ҫ׷ʱ򣬶뵽Ǹʯ͸Լꡣ
Ǿһ˳ķ׷䵽ı߾
ǿ˵Ϊҵһʱ䣬ˣΨһܹҲǿάԼ̬ʵϣʱֻǴո߰Լڴڳһ㾫ά̬
ʱû̫־
Ȼ, Ǹȴˡ
ǵʱѾ˴ԼҲɱ, ʱȴôγᡣ
ѹʱ, Ϳɡ
͵·ֱڶĶߡ
ǰҲҪԼʱĺѹ԰ɣÿҾʱҾͻ̧ͷǿաԹΪߵĻ, ҵЩʹƺһӾͱúСˡ

ǸСԶ뵽, һöССĿʯ, õʱѾ뵽˶ϵĳͷͨ, Ŭڡ
öССĿʯ뵽Ĳǳ, Ǹ걾
ԣôҲΪǸԼһţһټġ
ֻϧڵƺȷʵҪʧȥöССˡ
ҪǰĹ壬ᰲǿֻޱضظһ飬Ϊףҿ԰ɱҪɵĳ塣
һĿ˵ġ
Ϊʲôôִʯͷ
ҧгݵʵ
˳Ĭһ£ɫ˫ͫһ˿ã̧֣ؿ
ûиǰǿѹʵŭĳ壬ڿöʯͷ˲䣬ؿӿʹ
ָо̫ˡ
ԣڿʯͷһ˲䣬˱˾ҪԼС

˺ܾãõǰججʵԭʼ嶼Ѿ׼ҪɱˣȻڷöʯȨ
ðɡ
ޱͬ˵顣
*
ʲô֣
ֻ뿪Ѿ˾޴Ĺ˳Ӫʱѯ˶Է֡

ԷĬ˺ܾá
ᰲûüȡ֣
һ˿صĶ⣬ڵ
Ŀɨ˸ʻϸߴؿڹŵĶڲ֮ǰοʯ֣µعؿڡ
Ҳǵˡڣ˿ڵƺҲĿӣȻ̧֣ǿʯͷСطŵؿڻ׵ڲ
Ҿˡʼ磬Ƴһ۳Ʒһȥ˳ףǴǱŪ˽澹ȻԼַͨ
ŵϣ˳˵ͽˡ
ֻոӼĳܹʶص䣺ͻŵϣ޵УһŻᱻһų˺Ƭ
ǳڴŵϣʬƬһ졣
Ϊŵϣĳʵ崹ûκο顣
*
ѧ֪ŵϣްɡ
⻹˰飬㲻˾Զ˾ûоˣǿֺ̫ˡ
ôȻǸպÿ˰û̸ôܻ˿Ҿǵиж
˵˵ѣû˼ѧѧˣȵȣľһᰡѧ


42 
һߡ
˾˽˷ɴڲ
, ûˣûˣһζûˡ
ԼĲ, Լǰ۾ֻ˺ӷ޿̵ĵͺ
ʼ񵽳溢ʱǵϡĴȰ֮ģھ˳ʱĲ顪, ι֮Ĵ
֮ܶ־Ǻڣܺڡ
֮ǰʱ֪ʼʱܱû뵽ԭ̾ȻҲôѸ㡣
ȻǵǲֻƬ˯ĺι
ڼ񵽺֮ǰһ뵽ԼԴԴð۵پͷ, ǵȵĿʼι׳֮, ֲŷԼô, ƺҲûа취ڳ㹻ĳۡ
ֲ֪ĳĸôһټǧֻ׳滹ܺúðѳ溢ģֻ˹ĸǶ԰õ, ڶûļ, ֪ĳ峣ʶ, ĸٱӦɳڳĸڵĳתĲŶԡĳùҲ֪ǲΪԭٺܿ򵥴ֱëȡ֭ʼ, һøС
֮ǰõë, ֻҪԲ, պˢˢһ, ۵ֱð
ֺ, ʱҪһı, ֱƾоճԷָơ
൱Ȼ֪ĳĸѨĸظԼ׳˶ĳۡ׳Ӽʱʮ˵شչԼĹеõһˮĳֻۡһڣҲ㹻Щ˵׳ֱ֮ɱǿ׺ĸߵȳ塣
ҪһǣԲκһֱضԴĸ١Ϊ˰ȡóߣkİǻǳСĵʿ³ĸ٣ڼȡ֭ͬʱǻ᲻ϵӪƷȳĸ壬Բϵk֭ġ
һиصΪžԵ뻶䡣
һ鳣ëһСȻģ壬ѾתΪĸһ֡壬ʮָɴط˿顣
ĸ׻ᱻذѳִԣ˲ֵ֮൱ҹϵֹͣԼιΪй໴Сϡ
ˣʱȺһұˣ
뽫Լֺϻͨܵ
ԼȥɡҡĺҪϢһ¡
ţԭֻܺǣȻ˵һ룬ѾСƽȵĺ
ƣߵ˯ˡ
ĺҲִʱƣǱ쳣ɣܶԳĸŲӣǻǻζԼβͣ뿪˲ҡ
ָӦеƽϵͳܿͽвŨɾ
壬˫۽գ˯ţ۵׵΢֤ʱϢ
ļƣ£ֱΪԼأȻˡ
ƺֻص˺ܶǰı߾ǣǸʱÿҲѧУܹźɭٻȹһƽʱ⣬һ뿪ѧУҪԵޱȱ
߾ǹܶңĹ¶Ӧеû˻Ͼʧ
ɰֵ䣬һĹλᱻ
ֻƴںҺڵ㹤űĹȥõֻʮ֮һ΢͡
Ҳһˡ
ֱΪǸѾˡ
ڰĽɶѳɶѵһʲôʱȥԷƶǰһһģһļѧӶ
һȺʧߣһȺˣûͬݳ޵Ķ
Ӧ÷ǸȥŶԡ
ȻǸһ˫۾еǺɭ۾ڰʱֳɫ
Ȼֻһ񣬲Īģ˺һˣֲ뵽ѧ
Ȼ뷨൱޻һĮ߹ǿѧζǵ̶ֳȡ־޷ԼԼ뷨Լܲϲһ۾ˣֻزҰèһ︯÷
Լվûס·ԷʱޱڶԷֱ߷һӪȻ۾θۣûڱƵιȥ
ӪһЩĶеʱһݼªҩеʱǿǿ·СָɴܷܵǸһʯͷ
Ҳ֪ӪҩԵʣ֮ںЩ鼦ɡ
ô˵Ǹԭˣ۾･˹⡣
ǻټģ𣿡
һμǸˣڼǰһѧǰ졣
ֵʱûϳǸӢаȵ˾ԼͶιġҰè
ֻǿŶԷòһƷҲܲ³ԷԼͲһ·ˣνġ֮ټ桱ž͸Ժпپۡһնα¡
ǲô˵ֻΪǸ˵еĵģԣʵسŶԷЦ
ѽһŶ´ټʱҪҳԷģ
˵
ǣʱԭܰξȻֵŤ䡣
ֿǸЦݽʧһ
ƭˡ
ɭس˵
һ˲䣬ĵĹ㳡ȻһƬѪĴգʬɢһء

һ˲ξоѹ
Ȼһ۾ͶԼǰĲ԰ꡣ
£
ֲûŵļ
ҿѾںϣҲõĳ̶ֳȵߣûֱιȥھֹϳԼеĲ֮͡
衭ʵǸʲô
һŬƽԼ飬Ȼһһ䣬ޱȼѵؿڵ
ֻϧĳλѡȻ֪Լ֮ǰľţֱضֿ˺һ㿡ֻн¶ãȻ
ң֪
˵
һ˵һ߲Ծذ˰Լĸ
ճ˵ӦúܳŲŶԡڸղţȻޱȼּǿңڵѹʱǰڷɴպͶͶӰһѾԾ
Ȼͳ˲ٲӦóԵĳ桭ʳ
˾Ӧû
ĵ
ǸһֱԼʧأǰȴѾ˲ЩˡӯֻһֿµĿУǵģԶ٣޷ַ·ðļʡ
ѾܱˣɻǺܶ
зֳʵ忪ʼͣĴӴܶУϵͳҲҺʴ
һж˻ңɰȴ·úңԶģ
¶УӵʶһֵĲǰ
ƽһ֪ʲôìܺ;ᡣ
һֲдǷǳִĺϲֻ۳棬ϾΨһһڿÿĴڡ
ȻȴܿƣǳǳֵĲҡ
ǳѹʱԼпΪ̫ԲҪԵ֡˵¶ǳζȻЩѪҲСĳ˳ԡ
˵ʳ˵󶼻ᷴҪʳ
Լ϶Ҳ
ҺãĽֵķŷԼԵֻ֡롭ֻʲôأ
ԼҲ֪ȥôɿڣ̼ʿ飬񲢲ĳԵ֡
ֺ
ǣԵĻΪʲôֻѶԷأ
ڰã޴ʱˡ


43 
ؿ֡
ѵɫȻܺÿ, ӵȳ۵εķƣκһֻĸܣҲҪ壬ϾеĳڰĴ˵࣬Ψһǡܳԡܳ͡ԡ
ƺǲһġ
˿ɫ, ĪǷǳ
ԼӦ˵ʲô, ٲɵվǰǵô˾ܾ֮ǰޱȱĵض˵
һ, Եܴ
ϣǰ
Ǹ, ʵҾ졣
ѡЩɵؿ˿ڡ
óһģĳֱҲûи֣ڲ֮ǰҪֻӵȳڿ顣
, ѡʾ֭ҲֻɰͰ͵ؿڣ, ʣǿƲס
ڸղŻһСֳ˺ܶʳ
ԭֻҸ⣬Ŀ֮󣬰Խ˵Խɥˡ
ϲǸ˵, ϲְ׵͡
һ뵽Լ͵, ء

СèСĻڵβͶѾ˰ɡ
ŰʹõͶӰŲ԰СĲ, ǿı飬˱ѱŵð, ҲѲĳֹ֮顣
ֻϧ, ʱ򲢲ܹϰο
ͫ׽, ŵؿŰ󡪡
衱֮ǰɢľϢ, ֻ˺ôѾͨܵ˳
ʱЩҰ׸ɱСӣϢǱڷĸ䣬γƷƣһسŰ£
ȻǲŹֻĸ˯ߵĲ֮͡
ĺТ˳
Ȼִʱζˡ
֮ǰڰίɴǵôֻ׳Ϯɰֱ⣬Ҳֻ˶
ھƾֻСǾȻͼɵ
ô붼ãԼòιһѵĺҪ֣գۼܱճɳ顣
־ԲĿ»棬ϾҲԼòι۵ĳǡ
ȥ
Ѹʶ´ָ
һΣӺԺдݶȴǳҡ
Σգ裡Σգ
£裬Ǳ裡

ɳǿɲᱻͶӰԻڶԷֵʱѾˣֻ֮ǰڷɴ׷ܣͼĶǿ󣬺Σգɱ˺ܶǵͬ
һֻǳΣշǳĳӡ
Ϊĸػߣζܶ룬ԼСΣյĴڴһġ
ȻСֿТģֻҭ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ĸһθܵ˺ӲĿࡣ
ǣ·Ҳʲôԭ޷ʵʹеѡȻͣ˻ͷüͷ
ķֵζ
һģܵظеϲζ
׳ϢŨι׳ǣϢ˵ϵζһģһ
£гܹǵĴڡ
ֻϧȴһ塣
ʱİ΢΢ƫƫͷȻǼֲᡣ
㡣
૵
ϵζǺŵζ
ȷһ㡣
ǣģӵζûʧ
ζǴӡ
׼תͷϸֵ̽Ĳңɾڴʱۼֿ죬һסϸ֡
֮ǰûз֣ԭֳ̫ˣ֮ǰһֱ˵Ĳ֡
¶延Ѹٷɢ˰ע
ѡһʱ֮˱ģֻŶȻչЦտͣ
ҲûʲôҪĵġ
ګګ˵
Ҿ
屻ָͶӰȻֲȱ
еʱǱϮȱеʱɴǴ˾Լиȥ飬Щ岿־ᱻݻ٣԰ͶӰճǲȱȫġ
Լϰˡ
ֲûע⵽˵ʲôֻʶƴȫزϴϢԼǹȵȺɵӸϽ뿪
˺ԼҲҪһȺճúԼܡ
Լ֮ǰιЩƺһЩãʵֻǿԸоСǴǿҲͼʢı쳣ҵʶ£ֻ˹ƣ˳ŷķ϶Ϣ˻ǽڵĹܵС
ò׸оԶ˵㣬žԼŵһķ
ǵĻعʱŷֲ֪ʲôʱѾطסˡ
괹ɫĳͫһգգʼնֵ˫֣ͺʲôֵоĳһʶ֣ȴû鶯
ϾǰͶӰȥǲ԰꣬ǿϵָȴӲ
֣
һڿˮʼš
ûʶֵĽϸоֵָ
Ҳָͨ
Լĸ֪ԼĴëԼÿһ֪ϸ̽һ飬ٴȷֵǰ֫ûмװκ񾭴е
ǣΪʲôһͻãԼȫڷȣÿһ鼡ⶼҪ
˼⡣
Ȼֵָ⡣
ָ㡣
૵
ĺͷ
һֱɢŨ㣬ָͺմһ÷·Ƥϻǹζ
һֺ̣һˡ
ʵϣҲôˡ

շһϸ΢ѹֵͺ
ҧסԼ촽λԼǰĹ塣
֮ǰһֱΪγڷеİһֻͶӰֱһŷ֣Էõʵ壬ֻͶӰһССαװ
ĿǻڲȫһȲҲȣֻмӲԼָԸȥĸӾ׽
һֻ̣ǰָĿ¶ȵġһ뵽̰ԼָǰһֶֻĵĹͷƤġ
ƫƫܷԼ־ͻ֮С
Ϊ֪Ⱥӻǻ⸽ĺ̫ھţԭͶ԰˵ĺǶȻ᲻ܲ˵ֻ﷢𹥻
ּͷ΢þԼеԼ
¡
ֿޱȼѵ˵
Ҳڷ
ſҡ
֪ʲôʱԭվǰѾ׷Ĵߣһ˵ǳ׳ƣȻȴ˶еַɡ
ֵĵ󣬰̧۽ޣ֡ıָеһëȻ
ֱκʱ򶼸ظܵνĲ԰꣬ȷʵֻõļ
İ͸ڰίɴ￴һֻǹ
Ϊ˿̵֣ڰϿԼⱲӼ̰Ѫ


44 
Ľɫĳͫ·΢΢⡣
һ˲Լ·ǱǿҰ, ҲһͻᱻǰĿ³ֱ̳Դһɺ˳ֵıֱͷ
ѹԼĿ־嵽˼ޣֻԼͷһƬհס
ſң
Լ԰ڵ
Լʱ˵ǿ֣һַǳİİö̫Լˡ
Ȼ, ԭѾҰһʧȥǵĽͫ, ȴһĮȻĵȻһ, Ȼɿ˿ڡ˳ӵþһֻѾѵܾõĹ
Ȼһ飬ȻȻξоһصʵ
ԼղŴ̬, ȴû뵽ԭߵǳӲһס
գգ۾ָһۡ
еΡ
Žͫĸߵȼ·ҲǸոջ񣬲һãҲǺͻأ
ɻع־ðҲû뿪˼
ѵ, ֻӲͷƤڡ
£ҹ, Ҫ֪ˣɣ
ˣ
, ĳһ¡
һʶᵽС֣183ǸԼҹշת, һǰİࡣ
һ¡
ΪʲôҪֲ֪顣
ѡЩʵ
֣
ˡ
аյ
֪˵ȫһ, ЩĻֻ˵ûʲôá
ţȫȥ밬, ⿴Ǹƶ˵మ״ȻթƭĻƥ䡣
ȻʼԵֻĹƭƭڿ˻ͦʺġ
Ŀ΢, Ȼ¶޹İ
˿֪ܲ, Ǻܲ, ˵ֲɫؽֳ˻ôܣһᵣҵء
Ұ޵ĲܿƵ̰Ѫ齥ˣֵĻжһ˿
÷ɪ˹𣿡
ޱֱʵȴûзʻǰεȻӲ
һӲʯͷؿڣ÷ɪ˹ִɱֿдʱֵĿְ䡣
ΪԼᱻͷԣûС
лʱЩں򹤶⼼ܰɣּǱܵؽԼеĸдеʵȫٵӪҵ̬Ȱ
£˵ʲô
žȵޱԼ촽ݳ
÷ɪ˹ҺҪˣҵˡҵһǳɰŮԡ
־Υ˰ȡ
ǸԼΪԹһĴŮھѧʱ־֪ԼҲûа취ǸŮһˡ
վǹ˶Է
ԼޱڴģƽҸδǰͫϮ³׷顣
ؿΪһοʼʹ˵ǸͻݵŮʱȴ˶øֿ
ҲƫԶϵˣԸ̹ʣԼ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
Ӻ֮ǰ;ֵöϲԷ߶߶˵
һΣֵĵȴ̲סüͷ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôϸλŮʱȻǿҵĽС
÷
롣
֮ǰǶһбȤȴһ㶼ŮԵ顣
ȴੲ˵ŮԶôɡ
㲻֪ܹʱЦҲ̲סЦһرɰ
С֣183Ҳ˵һЩֵֹĻԼġ
иΪʱЦЦʲô˲أҲΪӲʹûʲôʶԲŻΪЦЦɡ
ĵȻ˺ɵĶ⣬
ĬúܽܽȫûзԼǿƳڶ˵Ŀе꣬һֱع۲
ڿüͷʱֺȻؿ˿ڡ
ܺÿ˵۾һַǳƯġǳɫ
ʵֲûмȡмֱ˼飬ʵ˵ԼܺߣҪٶһЩʱſ¶ΪʮߺоܵЭҲûа취ԷӰͨšһֱֹֻͨճȵò
ǣͼԼеİݸһʱʶظȼһ˫ǳɫ۾
Ϊĺϲɫ
ǺСĵظѧ˵ǳɫ¹¹¼ıģһ˾̾ĳ֮
ǳɫ̾˵۾ɫʱһ¡
㣬㲻ϲɫ𣿡
ѡƲסʵ
쳣ز˰еһ˿
·ȫûע⵽ǵ㲻
ȷʵͦϲɫһ˵һֱض˰Ľͫ
µ۾ҲǺܺÿģء˵ϲ޷ܵģֻǳɫء

թƭʦǵģǿ϶ҪͣԷöԷеֺġֿ޵Ŀʲôλͬѧشһ£
թƭʦûϰֱ϶УһǿʼֿУͺܺÿˡʵǿ͸¶ǵʧһҪεķǵţĻǱʶ־ٶҪǵڴõõĿޡĹ̶Ρ
թƭʦţԵģǾͻƴӡ

뿪ˡ
С֣ҲԸоѡֻɲĹ뿪ʱֳǱ޴롣
ôǿĸ壬Ϊ۾ɫ񶨾Ե쳣ġѹϱ̴žֶλ׾ӵƭ
ޱؿŰ뿪ķޱĵ

ʵڿ޶Է۾ʱ־ѾԼˣԷƺδСȻڳǰҲİɡ
Ƕ˵ȴһѵͻƿڡ
ղڰʵһвݷָȷһ㣬ǾɻѡЧǷ
һ䣬ٸһӡĻֻҪȡһЩദʱ䣬ܹٿضԷ֮ǼֻСӵ£Լ˵Ŀѧ
һãȴԼһҲˡ
һ֣סؿڵĵ׹
Ժиֳ˰뿪ǰ԰׵ɫдƴԼɫС
ˡ
૵
á
ԼӦñαװƭνƯѹֻӰʵİһֻŤͫĹ
ѧҲ

ֲ֪ڴ塣
ôԼǿҵĵ¡
裿
ʲôСֵͷ
Ȼպֱۡ
裡
ĳֱǵͨ֫شݵֵԺ֮С
۾Ⱥ֪ԹԴչСӡ
֫ᴥֵһšڳȺģȥҲµģڿȥȴĪԵЩʧ롣
ðɣҲ֪Լôûκα鼡ӲʳϿ˳ӵ޴ģָо
㣬衣
һᱣ㡣
裬һúǿġ
ǵ˼άƺñ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ֱܿһŲ
߿㣬ֲˣǶԶһ𣿡
ûسֻС˵
ֻ۾Ҫˣղ۸Ǹѡ
˵˵ţ
ĳָģԾİ뱣Уȵذס֡
ÿһֻԭʼ׳۾Ǳֺǳţǻǲܲ˵ش
Ӳͷ­֡
Ҳûãˣ۳ˡ
ӲسȺ׾ͼοԼı˺˵
Ҳ֪ǲΪŵ̫Ǻˣ֮ǰѡҧסָʱ־͸оԼԭѾɺԵıֽѿĻԾڡ
ȵߺ֭һֱıʡ
ԼԼ̵ģʱʵ۵˼㣬ѹ᲻κιӵ顣
֮ǰֻζˮĺǣŨȴûͼʳֻǾطֱֵ࣬Էһƽ
£衣


45 
˾ᰲķɴ֮Ϊǳ˵ȺȴޱڿҵĹĳֻ޵Ⱥ־ܴƷ֮һ, ڲΰǳƥ˾ڳи߹ݡ
ȻֻкһЩִǳĺ
ûиװ, ûа׵ô۵װ꣬ûйĹߡɴӦе, , , ۸ӵһƬ
˹ޱһƬŵͨǰ, ʱʱҪͣȨ޵˺֤ý뵽
ϲ
Ƕڳ˵ǳĺҲЩˡǵ;ܵİʩԼĻҲ˵ùȥڼһݺ, ˹ȾͷһȸߴνšڸӦ˹ĵ󣬽Żڷĳޱ˽ȥ
ȫɸܶȺϽ𹹽ܱղм˰
ͶӰ, , ӵʵİ
, ܱǸ㣬̸һ̸
˹ڲлصûѻ˵, Ϳ˺
̧, һֻֽһ΢͹У˹߽ȥʱ, պþͿ˰һ潫ǰѹֱӴ̽Լۿľ
ֹڰϵλ, ¶ֻʵıƤһǳǳİӡ, ȻʱֵĵطȴԼۿɫճҺ, Ȼ, ҲԽΪѪ˲˳ŵ˳
ŰζĳߴߴʪĦˮȻ𣬺ܿ죬޴ĻɫŴѪֱӱõдԼۿ˳
˵Ҫ޴滹Ѫܣ˳֮๾˳һ·䣬񾭺Ѫһ°ʹȥ
˻
һ̴ٶ˻˻
˹Ʋ⼴ǰĴڳԼʱҲеʹУڲ˹֮󣬻ͫѡ촽
תͷ˿˹Ŀ⡣
Ĭһ˲֮󣬿˹Щεؿʵʲô£
ýʣֻ۾ſ˹˺һ˹˶΢΢üϾģͶӰڸ֮£޴ϻҲԼ
£
֪ô۾ɫ𣿡
ûͷûԵʵ
˹ɵһеһԵķơ֮Ϊľ밬̸Уú߲ҪһֻСӵ¶
Ŀǰĵȷʵʱ򣬰ͣ־ķ״̬С
˹Ϊǳô˾ŭɧҺ󣬰ôѾָЩأϾֻ˲ԭάɴµȳ͹档
յ˵ȡ㹻ֺ󣬰״̬ӦûתŶԡ
ָ¸ıԼͫɫĻܱǸҲ֪
һ飬˹һ߿ŰڴͼԼһҲڳһƽ˵
һ£ֻڻӼڼ䣬ſԳ׵ĸıԼԭṹϾӼڣԭе֯ȫ᳹ڻȻϡҪıԼĹͫɫĻҲֻͨˡ
һصúԼδʶĶ⡣
һǳģ뷨Ժݼš
Ȼ󣬿˹һŰӣزһ䣺£ǵȱݣ޷ӼġڵΪû壬Ͼڵ飬Ȼԭеɫ
Ķʱסˡ
ѪҺڲͣشӿնۿӿôһ˲ȥֱڿһ
ҲֻǴѡ
˹ɫع۲Űޱ

һ૵
ţ忪ʼ
˹̼һ°ļնˣȻھȶֵһ濴һ൱Ŀĵֵ
ڷͫ΢оԼٿȻӿ졣
ڰȶֵ½һ̶Ⱥ󣬴˾ڲĽλῪʼáһ־ϽķʩϾȷʵ̫ǿ󣬶ľ˴ҡΪ˱ɴϵ壬ڰʧǰЩλעҩ԰ı壬ͷųں̵ܶʱڽֻľ񾭳սԷǾ˵ж
Ȼð޴ʹ֮УҲƾʹֻ࣬Ϊ汾ܶ״̬
ᡰܳһʱ䣬ֱԼıսõʢ
˹̧ͷĿӹתƵϡ
ͶӰ˲֧飬ںڰУһž޴Ĺ￪ʼȥھ°ὫԼıصúܺãϲ˿Լԭʼ̬ʱȥƺѾ˼ɲôˡĿлһּģ˻ǹڰ
ӰŽɫĹ㲻Щ㽥ȥ
ž
ֻԼ΢͹е˵ϡ
Ȼ󣬱Ĳָ˰
˹ŲһŽ飬ĬƬ̺̾һ
Ǹ¡
ʵ˹ԭûдðӡ
٣򿪲ǰûƻֱ˶ԷӡҲһ˲䣬˹Ȼʶκο¶ûãͯһԵĹͲΪͳԼԿƵġ
ô˾ڰЩ
ԭֻԺģ뷨ڳʵ֮󷴶þϾⲢʲôѵ飬ӰľԭѾ൱ȶˡ˹֪ΪʲôȻ裬ҲںϾ֮ǰйȻҪֱӰԼҧԼСֹΪǵһֱڲзʶԲΪܡ
ֻҪѼ䣬ٽֵľֵѹװõĳ̶ȣ֮ǰſ˹һⶼˡ
˹ЩԾԼȻ飬ǣȵ֣Լû̫
е⡣
ȥŵˡ
˹롣
ӿһİС
˹ת
Ҫ룬찬ĻһûȫƽϢҲҪ˾棬ȻҪǣҪȥ֡
ϰһŻˡ
Ҳ֪ôѡǷ˺˶Է
͡
ȻʪĴžʹӿ˹ؿڴ
ڷȻסһ̣ͷȻ㿴һֱӹᴩĴ֡

˹ŵתͷö˺ڰһŽİƹ⡣
ôܣ
ڷе˼顣
˾һֱǳɵﲻܿƵֻһݱиҲᰲܵĽֶΣζӦñʶŶԡ
ĻͿɱ˰ɡ
ôͬʱϴֻ֧߽
ԵĻ˵Ϳˡ۾ɫ


46 
ֱΪԼ˯, ϾȷʵΪ⣬һܵľš
ȻҲΪϷڳȷʵΪĸ塱帺, ֻߣСǱ׾İοȷʵá
ٴ۾ŷԼѾ˯һҹ
һ˯úܳ, ѧ뿪Ժõһ˯ߡеǳȡȻҪֲܾ֮Ż֪ĸԭһҪû߱ѡΪµĳĻ²ſ塣Ǹҹ, ЩΪĸ׶ӵߵĺ˻á
ԽԽĳĸֻʱûʶ
ùĸ׼ѪĸӦΪԼõ˯߸еˬŶԣʵϣѹûüˬӸOO@@Ķ, תͷ, ӭͿһں滹Űɫ֭Һĳ֫
ֻô߾ʬ, һڵؽϵǰ
֣
ֵѣǲԼ̧ͬͷʮֻƽĹ, ؿԼĸס
裡緹
ǵʶشݵֵʶС
ֻһ֫ҲԿ, ֫ǰӦһֻ൱˶ĸ壬Ͼһֵ֫İӸߣһʵӲļ׿Ǹǳޱ, ɫļĹҵشӲȱļ׿Ƿ϶м, ȥ쳣ʷ

һ, ǿԼ侲
ð, ڳصĶ̶һʱ, ־ԼѾõĪĳɳ
ڼǰʬкԼֻӣܻУǿѹһƽԼı˺ǣȻƽ͵ؿѯʡ
ʲô
ԣ
衭ԡģ
ԣӪ
Сߴߴһǳر¶ǶԼֲóʳĸ׵صǡ
ȻͷԼ򵥵ĳǴϵĵ䡣
ǾһǶ˲Ż˾ɥڳûʲôǱʳõİο
ԣִͷͶһʬк
ȵȣǸòϮɣ
ֿһΣТĵĺǣͷʹÿըˡ
ллأһѯʣֲ֪ʬǺϮսƷ
ȻǱǴȥԵģϵķɴ쳣ž˺üطϵʱѾûлŵĳˣǳʬ塣ܵԶһĵطӦûи˶Ļ壬ȴ뿪̫Զ֮£ֻѡʬǿ˶һֻҧ֫ϻԼĸײһ֡
뵽һʵʶѹ
裬ٵȵǡ
󣬳͸ԡõġ
Իģ
ʵģ

𣬲ҪҰɣ
̫ѨϽֹ˱˳溢ǵТġ
Լ
ֻһȺɱ׳棬ںأͱȥԱĳˣ
ʱƨ˻װ˷֮ǰŬЩۡ
ȥĳ塣
ıˣƾֻСӣ¸ͻ
ٸҴʳ
ĲⰡ

ֻ˺һʱ䣬ŰԼ뷨ȷشԼĺǡ
ȷĸȷʵǴʳ֮󣬼ֻСӶԵЩʧ䡣
һֱǰķ˶ӲкԵǵҲûкת
ʼվԼ˴ǰʬĲʵĳʬ壬ҲǺġ
һߣһ۱飬ԼȺӡ
Ѿ䵽βͶˣβ̶ˣСȴɰѾ޴ĳ֫ưһɨա
ֲǡرǣֺǰǸļ׿ǶԸƬһѸ̽Ժ̲סĳһɡ
òЩ˰ɣ
ĳּ΢ģͬʱܵģֻ˳̻ΪȶϮ档
ǳһֽ֮֫⿪Լ¡
ëֱ׵ʱĳ塰ĸסһ̵ĵͺȻȡ˲֭ιǡ
ĺۡ
һ²һšëڿСβ֮߷һĨǳЦ
һοܿʹĵ׵ȥ
侲뵽˳ǴЩϢ
յĳǳʬ壿
˺ܾöûҵŵĳ壿
Գһ֪⣬ȻԸоⲻʲôͷ
Щľ飬ʲô鲻̫ԣһʲôù¶
ϵȻҲûһεֱա
ò׺úӣڲԼĲʱԭΪۿĵú޲ְæŵĺôȻ
ڿҶԷǿ˹
ã
һѰסȺԾԾԣҪĳ̡
ǳǿӲҪ¶ȵֻСĲԸͨܵԼϸβͣպþһȫװĳʿȻ򿪽ţֱӴַ֮ʱ
Լվ䱸ˡ
һӳʿھŷǳԵĲ԰ֵıǡ
̬ĸߵȼ岻̫һʿ϶Щԭεǿȥ£䣬쳣С
Щʿǰ棬ֿһЩ
һ£ֲȻԷԼʱĳλ̫ô򽻵ĳ塣
ϣϣˣ
֡
ĳɫһ֮ǰֵɵʡ
ֺԼΪϣ˺ϣһĨӵɫ
㾹Ȼһֻ¶
ϣ˵ĿȴɫɨЩҵ졣
ŨԼϵĳЩۼϣԺеĳЩԱϣԼûзɫ˶Щѿ
ϣǸӲ˿˹µĽƣֵķУԺ뿪֮ǿ˹ֱӴ˰ڵĺ
Ȼ㷢Ǽ¡
ôԼϿЩۼᵽЩ㣬Ϊ˭ֵأ
ϣ˶񣬺ȻʶԼЩԡ
һΪе̫Ũˡ롣ͬʱĮؿһԼǼֻ档ȥǼֻںɫеʿһĮΪϣظо⼸ֻ۳涼Ϊıܶʼ궯
Ȼģǿҵ۳Ϣ̼Լǰֻӵ¶Եòͻ̿֡
ϣ۲쵽ּͷ΢΢ͫг˿־塣

ϣĵ׷һߣתͷȺûõ۳˳ֵĲҡ
ֻʣֺϣ
ĳֻûʶϣ޵Ŵȥɻ֣̿ŵľġ
Ȼϣ֪ΪŵʵǱģǼֻ̫ڷ͵͵̽ͷĺӡ
֮ǰûп㾹Ȼ¶Ҳְȼô⣬ɿ˹Ǽһȴôԡ
ϣ˵һһ߽֣Ȼ̧֣סֵ°ͣʹ̧ͷԼ
ϣˣʲô
ɫ԰׵ʵ
ٶֶˣҪгˡĽǶȿԿһѾҪѹƲסĸ׵ıܣֱӴͨܵ˳ֱֱ컨ϣ˸һֱɱ⡣
Ũҳϣ־ֻɫ쳣ĳԭڱܸǿͣ˶֮ϣԸоԼڱ궯ܡ
ҲΪûвԼڱĳֿɱ¾Сš
ϣ˿̵۾ֻʣǰ԰׵ꡣ
ʵҲ֪׷ʲôΪʲôķΪʲô˹ȻΪļһȥǸ
ϣ̱˵
ȵȣ˹ΪȥԿ
ޱȾʵԼĶ䡣
𣿡
ʶ׷ʣȴõϣ̶ĻӦ
Ȼǲ̫õģǼһֻһ㣬Ҫˡ
ţϸ˵ǳԵֻʣ²ͷ­鶼ڳԵˡ
˵ǣͷ˾õĽϵͳ׷ס˿еѡȻ¿˹ѾΪ˰Ĵ֡
ϣϵѪɫȥ֪ԷڵĿ˹ĵǹĪĲˬȴøŨˡ
˵ֻһ㣬˼ǿ˹Ŷš
״εĹĻϣ޿̵طһߡ
ͲõǸһˣ˹ǲ԰ġǼһڴѾȪ޸Լ˰ɡ˵ܽٴӼءڣӦõĵģԼŶԡ
ģңԼ
ȻΪǸʲôģ
ϣֱ־ͫȻյĶߣ˹˵
ָ䵽ֵĺ󾱡
ԷƤʱƺ̽һ֭


47 
ǰʱһ㡪
Լûڳ˯ʱ
ڴǳЩյĳ߼Ա, ˹ĲкӰĿǿȳĲú󡭡
ɴ̳˴˾ᰲɳƵ
ԣͷ˲ȶ״̬, ڷѲ԰ֵλ˹ˣ
λߵ곤üͷԼµıı쳣
ᰲƽѯвؽ壬򶼽˼׿ڲٶŵػӦ
ǵ, ᰲˡµֵһʱﶼ̫ȶǵõЩ¼ƺһֻӵ׳ȤЩɣ֮ǰȻ֮Ϯίķɴ, ܾΪ˶ȡֻ׳桭
µƲ⣬˾̧̧üͷص˵ԣĻϸֳֵĸָꡣ
ᰲĵƳһЩ֣ɷһĮЦ, ûаµƲϡ
Ϊһֻ¶Ϯ˰ίķɴ, ÷ɪ˹ѪԼͳ桪԰ֵĿ˹Դ, ѶԷɡ뿴һͬµĳֻв԰ֵֻϹΪһôꡣ, , , ҵԸͷֻܹϹ̡Ȼ, Ǹ̡Դг嶼ֻʳѡ
ᰲ޷̵˵
Ʋ, ҺܱǸˡ
˴˾ķʱ־ز
Һþһ̣ᰲߡ
Ҳ˵ҲûȻȱݣǴȷʵѾʢżˡˣ͵Էһɣֻӵȳ崦һ£ҪڰǰһΡҿɲðġѾܾûϢˣ˵Ѫʢʱпܿʼ
˵ǣɲõġûʲôϵ̨Ķȫûа취¾
¹ȵ˵
ᵽһ㣬ᰲһЩΪҪðȶ˵Ҫ֪λµμӷѪʱѾٶ֣ǿڻһͷʥӦеεһ롭
˵£˾ɵó̾һ
覴塣
һ䡣
õöʥѵʱᰲǶô
öĳѾȵرķڣЩʧϹųƼı£ûܵһ˿һȾ
ԭʼģûоκӻʥ߳塪Ϊӹɵǿʥһֱǵ֮ĳߡ
˾̾ǣӵʱѾ׸ɺԵķڲǼ⵽˼ΪĲ֭Ѿʧȥ˾󲿷ֻԵĻʯۣҲǳзķơۡ
ģȫĳĸڳ֭
ǰǿߵĳѣȻһöܹĸȵʥѡ
ʱ۴ʲôָӦǴ˾ƷŶԡ
ɽأ
ȴõһͷ޷𻯣Զͣڷ˶״̬ڲͣϹ
Ψһô˾еοģֻаȷʵǳǿˡ
˴˾еıԹ·һЩҲġ
벻õģˡµȷʵûдﵽԤڣκģϾλ¿Դʥзĸ塣ھЩС覴ãҲûа취ġңȷʵ۹ǿĴڣ𣿡
˶٣һСĿ̽ᰲɫһСز
ٶֵôȻֻһֻĿ¡ѣȻĻҲӻô죬ô̵ʱڣͿʼ̨Ŀɱ״
죬òҪµӻ⡪пܻԼ鷳֪𣿡˾òĺǳ⣬ĳ̶ֳ˵Ļ˵Щ
ܿᰲԼҲʶЩĲףһòƵȻת˻⡣
òҪٳˣ˿˹Ҳһ£ҪԼһЩֻ֡ӵ׳Ĺעʱϴһ¼ͺˣϾ覴ƷļǺܲġ

ᰲעܿתƵ˰ϣ¶û֡
ϾֻСӵȳǿɱˣѾˡ
ʧȥ˿˹԰Ǵ޵ıӻ˾ҪС鷳Ͳҷɴϻ϶á
ܿ죬ɴһгӵҪһ¿˹ڴǳڵһЩҪƲҲһЩصԼһֻӵ׳档
ۣǿ˹ȻôɰСûһ𣿡
ڿʲôЦܹôʱڻصصĿǨԾôطôܻһֻӵ׳桭˵ֵȼʸ𣿡
ҿС۳涼ǣֻͨıӻߣӦǲܳɣ
ۣģ˹ȻסôƯСӣһ¶˵ǡǸʱ꣬ȫģѪǲŻô衭
Ͳ֪˰ɣһﱾֻѪĽء

õĳڼ嵥ʱΪĻϳֵСӰ˲ֲѡ
رǱָ壬ֱŹǿŲ԰С¶鲻Խ̽ԼĿ
ȷʵǷǳ۶֭Сء
ִǰ˵Ʒһ¡
еĸֹһĵ
ǲ񣬸պɢɢġ
ƽԵõɵĸߴ˳ֳ˹ԣһִ֮˵ֱ㱻ˡϣ԰֡
㡪
ô
ԭлһ˿ŭĳ壬ڶϣЦЦ˫֮˲΢ѹ£鲻Խľٶ
ϣĸߵȼ壬ûκξܾء

ϣ԰֣µϴóȻ뷿䣬ǰԵɡ
¶֭Ȼô𡭡
ⴥʪĺ󾱣ϣޱ
Ȼָֻ̬ϻЩ֪ϸû׿Ʒڳ֭ϣȻԼԼءһ˿
֪ΪΣ޵𣬹Щ㱡
˹ǼһôʱȻֱ׳ضռôζС
ûиһ۳ͷ
ڰֻֵķﾡ˶ãô˿ǰôһʪģģ
ϣΪʶúѪɫƤôϸ壬ô𪣬һĻǷȡĸ껹ôֶ֭
ߴȻڡ
ǳֽһԭ򣺿ǵֵĴð״øⲻȶԣҪ
һ˵ĴԶǼ˵ģ͵ȼĳ޷Ǳɱ߳Ե

ͷȻһЩԲĿռ䡣
֭Ѭͷԣ˼ʼģĳǲؿͺӡ
ϣ֣Ȼ˵
ҪҪΪҵ۳棿ҵǿҴȻصҵȥ


48 
ϣ֮, һ˲ʵҡһ¡
ôڿ˹ıӻ֮¡ڼ䣬ֶҲ, ˹ڷɴϵĵλĸ, ݳ۹пɣֻǿĸпܵϸλһж֤, ˹Ѿǳзǳǿĸ塣Ŀ˹, ȻҲֻǰеʳѡ
ë΢, ϣһۡԼǰĳȻֵø߸ҼȰ֮ǰľԽ, ԽǺöԸ
ڿ˹˵, ӶԷ, ȱȻ뿪Ĺطõѡ
Լ, Ǹų˽Ϊڹ͵Լһôɡ

Ȼôͬʱȴ̧, ҵؿڵĽΡ
ԼɹĿ΢΢, ɶȴ·иһֱִֵƴ˵ȷʵǿ, ֻԵĹҲܺƭܺÿƣֻҪܹڴ, ʹлᡣȻԶڵϵǸ׾ӵֶζܶ԰Ч, ôҲǲŬһ
ôõѡ񡣡
ֵĳĬϣ۾, Щشߴٵ, Ȼֲ»ʶҪڿ˹׳ԼĻ
ԣҪֱһǣþԼԶԷȨϣܿƵظȻ̽⣬ֵĲһ¡
ζĻꡣ
ž
Ȼϣͱˡ

ʵѹûо˼
ȷӦʱŷԼѾȻˣȻֱֱӴϣһơ
㡭
ʲô
֪Ƕôƴס
ΪһֱУеĶҡеȨ⣬ϣղŵһ֮ȫɢ
÷ɪ˹ѧһ˹Ҳһһ㶼ɣϣҪȥ۳棬ǾҪ۳桱
־Ҳⷽġ
ʲô˼
ϣͷ˿Լ֣޹ʹһĶûκһ˺ǣԼֱΪʲôʹ
ĿϣȻЩѿɫϣͷʱһ
е㲻̫룬ŸղľܾȣۿžҪɴˡ
Ϊʲô
ֵϣһȻŻ̧ͷŵǰ㵵ĳ١
٣ʹ˵һֱ㲻ˣ֮ǰôôõĴڡȹңңһֱãǲһģǣΪʲôȴҪ飿
¶ȥҡҡ׹·ش
ڶԷ£ԭĪеϣҲһ㶡
ҡ
ſҪͣȴĪЩͣңΪáҪ֪㲻Ϊҵ۳Ļܻ
µ˲䣬ϣ㿴ǰͷ¶һĨĲЦ
ԣ˼ǣҲԸΪ۳棬Ҫȥˣ𣿡

Сʱ󡪡
ǳŵײ㴬һ亱ߡ
ϣϣ԰ִˣ
ǰӭӵļسŵһֱĦԼǰ֫ؿ˺һİĻ¿ϣؿڵƣֶԷȻͥĸӳŵǶˡ
ɴ׼Ĭϵײ㴬վ¼Լǵľ۾Щ¼͹ڸһĳ˵ֻάɴճеĻ߶ѣߣ˵ˣƷûʲôϸ˵Ƕϣϼ˵ܸͬ඼㲻ϡֻһͨ¹ʶܵ³ɰǧֻ¼߹ûϵÿһҷɴﶼ䱸ѳķ̿һ֮ھ·µ¼͹棬ȻٹǾͿͶʹˡ
֪ڳ¼ԼĵطǶôӺ⡣
ȣǣݵĳζ
ײմ¶ĹߣҲ쳣谵ֻվȼϷӦųķֱһͷβجΡ¼ȹҪһЩܣǿȴǲģǻڻ谵мѵקŴ﷭ʶֻڷ·ɿŻӰתЧʵȼ޴ĳںĻеǰȴԵСżῴظ׺ľĳȻӰˤդϻһ
ֻͼĹǻѸٸϵ̰سԵЩùʬ塣
㲻ȥǵЩ¼Ҳûкõȥ
ƿտĿռ鼷ƣ۵ĳ壬Ĵ޾áԼŹÿһֻ忴ȥޱɲϱ鲼˺ۡ
ǵȻģϾǲ׺ݿɲҲֵطڡ
Ϊײ㴬յĹߣܳȼ͵̫ˣ͵ĸǸëĳ֫͵Ƕͻۡ
ϣĸߵȼǰ֪ط˽Ͱ͵ʺ

ȻûеõκλӦ
ֻһߡ
ȻֻһӶĸߵȼѹŭƵʻȷҪֵط
ٱá
һĵԳſԭǶĿƺҲȾЩ㡣
Ҳʱ򣬼ܳź֪طΪϣ԰ֵĸߵȼ徹Ȼһ塣ߵֱϣһֱڼܳڲŷĴڡ
˵ϣĴڸײ㴬ոĻôĳѹͲӦó
Ư׳棬ƯԼȥһСģϣٿеġ
˵һۡ
ߴĳһضԼܳ˵
ҴһȱϢѾ¼룬һ¡
ܳ쳣ȵػζԼĴ룬ڼԣȷԼĹԴﾹȻһֻ¶ûҳӦλˡ
Ͼô׳涼ܹڵײ㴬ջġ
ֵĲֻмܳ棬ͼܿҲʶԼͬ顱ĵϣĻ֮󣬼еĵͼ嶼Ե˷궯
ۣ쿴
һֻ׳棿ʲôЦǽƵģ
Ҳ̫ˣ涼ûƷôõ׳ء

ϣȻҲЩĵװס
ɫ쳣䡣
￴ȥҡ
ضԼܳ˵
֮ǰڵײ㴬գĥĳͨѾʧȥ˻ÿһֻȥһϢٶ۶
ڣֱԳƵǡˡ
ϣ·Ҫɱ˰Ŀ⣬ܳŵһ飬ګګ͵ǣǵģλ֮ǰ赼˴ڲ̫ͼ壬û취ֻܴһ
֮ǰᵽģڵײ㴬ռеĳ嶼ֻƷѡڿȱϴ󣬷һʱʱǳҲⲿһЩͼ䵱ЩǵĳⲿܻһЩͨҲΪͥΪ±Ʒм䵽ͼﷸǵԸͨӱ꣬ҲӲӹ̡ܽ
ܳͨЩһϾڴǳôĵͼ壬ն˶ãԾ㲻һҲν
ܳȺȥƷûκʱϣȴѾ⵽˼㡣
ϣ㲻Ҫڡ
һһض˵
ϢѾ¼뵽ˣھҪҵ۳ݴ뿪ҲΪ
Ϥϣĳ忴ڵȻеޱȾȡԶֵǻӰϷ˼ĳ壬ȥֱҪըˡ
ֶϣɪһ¡
ðɣڿײ㴬յʵҲеάֲסԼı顣
Ѿûа취İ취ˣ˾ǡ֣ô־ͱҪӴǳĳ˿ʧζҪôҪôײҡиߵȼ峹׺ӵĵطһֱ¼뵽ڣĳ̶ֳ˵͵ͬѾˡȻĻҲô֮ͥµ
ϣֶû뵽ԭĵײңȴΪߵն
ϣ˵һΪ棬ǵõ˾ߵλߵ⣬Ҳܻ뿪
ںںѾˡ
ʵǰȻԼΪһеľǱҲûбҪСˡ
Ȼϸάֵ裬Ҫάһµġ
Ѿˣϣˡ
ǿջЦϣ
ҲѾ޺ˡ
԰׵Цݡ
۵׵ǿѹƵĿ־塣
΢΢塣
ϵһϸڶϣȷز׽ƽһΣʼԼ֮ǰɢΪ׷ɶȫλһֱҲֻһӳ
֮ǰһֱڣһΣϣȻܵǿҵĺڡ
ĵλٸһ㡣
һ㣬ͬ԰ֵǰ㣬ôǲҲӵô˾ᰲɵıǮиԷ̸еأ

У˵ûϵ
ϣ֣Ȼ૵
㶼³ˡȻǰһѰסֵļ
ַӦ֮ǰϣȻͷг棬촽ľࡣ
ĿǰޱǵһĻ¼嶼ɧǷ˴̶ĳԻ˲û֡
ֱܵɾڴʱȴϣҧгݵĵﱻĳӲ١͸š
һ漴ͣж
˳㣬ʶƴֹԼĺǴ컨ĳ˺ĳ嶯
ݵʱϣĿѾֵƤ̬ȫһϣĶر׾ᡣ
ϣ԰ֵϢأϸϸܵظС׳ϡ
Ƭ̺ϣ־뿪
òҽĻӣȾ˲ײ΢졣
Թһ㡣
̧֣һֵͲӡ
˵꣬Ŀ֮ȥҲֻʮϸĶϤˣ֪ĲǶôǱǶôǡ
ִؿϣ뿪ıӰЩ޴롣ʱȻһ΢УһֱǿעʱŻеķӦʶزһ£ȻȻתͷܹģȴֻһȺ¼塣֮ǰһЩĿǳ̰⣬֮ǰһĵطڣǴʱɫУٴ˶ֵļɵ
ȷ˵ӦǶŨģһߵȼϢصļɵ
ԳȺЩ㱡ղǿҵ·ܻΪʵʵӣѵԼĴ


49 
ֿȺʱ, δײ㴬ռĥǵȺ¼Ҳڿ֡һȺι״ĳ壬һýӲ
̧һ²ӣϣעϢʱƤϵϸС˿, ȻȸС
оֵֹģϸĻ, ֻĳȷʵҲķʽԼءôҲһֱϰɣ
ĵεȴеϰµ, ʮûаȫС
ʱ, ײ㴬յļ֪ܳ̽ϣϢѾ뿪, æŲŷ˶Աߡ
ϣ԰ֵȥֻܳԵñ֮ǰ࣬ǰġһԼ֮ǰϥģ, ݵ¶Լֶֺڵĳ򡣼ܳ˫ͻĶתţȤζع۲֡
ֻС׳ȫǵ۳ϡ
ܳп
ϸƤ⣬״̬ҲƯò񻰣óȻ޵㡭ǲ֪Щ߼徿ô, ȻСܵײ䵱, ѵǴ˵еȤ
һţܳһ߿ڳ˵
ְ֣ɣ̧, ĳ֫˵, һֵĸֵ, Ȼ, Ĵͷζһ¡
϶ǲôЩҲɲˡɣ񷢷ŵʱ򡭡ȥ䵱Աɡ
ϣ֮ǰֵ, ܳԥѡ˽ԱĹ֡
άɴϵͳԼܵ, ȥȷʵһɵĻ, ܹڵײĹ˵Ҳֻһݿ๤ֻҪﵹӪҺĹʵҲž޴ķգЩδȫĳѻãǸƿǵЩ塣
ܹܳӴӤĻôŻпǸĳ壬ƿǵҲֻ汾ܵӤࡣ
ֻҪǾͻɳΪ׳棬ٹͿԳΪ䵱ĳ幤档
׶ΣЩֻԭʼıܣ׺̣̰߾ܵȡһпܵʳеȻҲǵӪҺԱ
һСıҵǿĳҲᱻЩӵϵʳɴ
ڼܳϣԱһԶмȱ
ܳƳһֻ֣׳ֵҲֻһˡϣλٴֻ׳ʱ߲ѾΪˡ

ܳģؿһʱ䡣
ˣСһ֮ǽʱ䣬žҪϨơڿҸطϢһ£ȻúðٺԼ
˵̧꣬ܳ۾һΧ궯¼壬ʲôؾ
٣ţλ¡³Աڵײ㴬úùһ
˵꣬ܳһ֣ĵǰ˼˳ȺİΧС
ˣɡ׳档
ܳţһ¼壬ûҶֽŵģȻתҲ뿪ˡ
ֱסԼ޼һվڳȺУСشΧһУȴڲͣпࡣ
¼ȺûеңҲûд̣и嶼ֻڿտĴﾡҸ䣬ͷܹҵһвʱС͵ԭʼ泲ǿ׳ĳܿԵõŷſԶһλãЩСһЩĳӣֻܿͰ͵й
˵Ȩ֯ԱȺĹŻʹȥǶڳ˵쳣࣬Ҫ˵ֻһ֡Ȼܳɲô࣬ϣ͹׳棬˵סҲһ档
Խǹ۲컷ľԽš
ڹ¶Ժľֱκ˶ϣͼܳԼĳ̶ֳȵġաִԴַĵطֹıڸͲ̫
ǡ
ҵƬǿߣȻ󷢻Լس뷽跨϶ԷĴñӻȻôԼ³ǳҡ
Ȼܳո뿪ûжãϻϣǿҵϢأֵǰȻͶһƬӰ
٣С
ԭұȽ徲ԹʱϢĽ䣬ɻû߼̧ͷ㿴һֻ̺۵ĸߴ忿Լ
¼̬Ȼֻ̫Ҳһ
ͷȥеƷŴ౶Ļȳ棬һ㵭ɫļǣ忴ȥȴһ׳ģ˵ʱֶԿԷ׽ʽĲ䶯Ũصȳ˵
ֻߵȼʲôϵ
¼سʵ
ôô벻ֵܵطܿأ
Ⱥе嶼˷ܵؿֻθߴĳ嵲ǰɧš
ǵģϣԼܳľȻһЧ
Ⲣǲʲô
ô˵ȵȣѵΪ˵Բűİɣ
ϸƤģֹط˶ðɣҪҪǸңֻҪڣܱ֤ÿ춼ܳ϶ۡ
ֻ¼ؽͷ˹ɫ̰һ
Ƥһ˼
ֻֿʼϼ
ιӦܲ۵ɣȻôô㣿
¼ӿƲסԼıܣֻѾȽǿĸҲˡ˵ʱɫҺϵشĿ˿Ĺҵؿϡ
ò˵⻭滹ĵġ
߲Ƶĳֲǲܵģǣһ͸ܵϤǿҵӲԶݹ
裬¡
ɱ
󣬲óԡ
û£Լԣԡ

Ȼֻʶݣȴ·ܹ׶Сİο
̧ͷһ컨壬Ϸ컨ϴ۸ӣǲ۹ĹֻܵطԼĺǡ
׻ǸѽȺСӡ
ȴһ˲䰲
ȻǲóӵֳĸҲֻͰ͵׳Ŀ֮£Ϊ˱Լ¶١
ֵɨȷʵһЩͼ壬ȼȻͣǵ̫ˡ
۴ĸǣֶԼòιڵֻðա
ͣ£ȥãҪ
Ժ̷ָ
ʵУգգ۾ضֻˮĸߴ¼塣
Ҹϣ˵ĹϵɲҪ㽻ҲҪ̫ңϾϣ˵ļĿǺǿġҪ㲻Сϲ˲Ӧеζܻᰴ಻סռ˺Ƭء
ֳֻ¼˵
лڹ¶ԺﾭһУȻʵѾŵһˣŬظֻ˺һ
ֻϧ¼еͣȫǿűжı
һ¾ԿЧĻļһʵЧ
ֵĲƣ컨ϵĳԽӦ״̬رһţֻеϴǿҲġ
裬ҳԵҳԵҳԵ
ǿҵɱⳳľġ
֮£ֻӲͷƤһӦֻ·¼壬һسĳ俿˹ȥ
ղѾע⵽ˣһС䣬ۻԵøؿտңһŷǳʵصĽܵդһ㵲ǰ棬һƧڵǡ
Ƕ㵽ͷȥһƲס̬ܶСһ㣿
ͷš
ֻıǸɵˣôԼл˵Լɵġ
ԼļƻֻҲͷǸһֱǴֿõĽ䡣
ٺ٣Ĳһ£ҲģҪܲ۵ĻҾͳۣȻҪιңʽҲС
ߴĳ˻˻ţһһ·˵ֱ֣һ㵽һŽܺƧĽ
ңҲŲ㣬ҪǸңҾȥϣˣɲһس谮ңһѵġ
ޱ飬ɴӱݳȴòУ·𱻸߹۳ڱαװ¶
ҵ۴ֻƷֵӵĶĳҡ
ŵִ֮Ϣصȴֻ׳޴ĳ
ɹؼʱֻ̣¼ȴһŽܵȻͣ˽Ų
ι㣬һ㡣
¼˻˻ţʾִӽܺ
֣
¼役ػζԼĴ롣
㣬Ϊ㵽ҾͲҶ㣬費볢۳ζҪ˲ǵļһ˵͡
غɻû˵꣬ͱһ䵭ĵˡ
˵ʲô
ӰУ߳һ޳Ӱ


50 
Ǹ˵һ˲, ˣΪʲôֻ˵ؿտ徲
ȻΪǼŽܣΪ
ñס˴, ŨصӰ·ӵϣ󻯳ϴڵ硣
ǰʱ, ·Ȼû谵ģֻǸӰͬڰеһɢ΢Ĺâ
ŵлԱǴʰµı
ӿϢ߹Į, ʹĵײ㴬Եùá
ĳֻ, ʵڵĸ塣
ֵ֮ܿƵȻӿ, ôһ˲, ֱֲӿں
ѧ
ʵ̫ˣ˶ʼ
Ǿһ㡣
ڱ߾ǸУͶ·ھЩѲһһѧҲںԤ׵ºȻ
齵ٷ
ȻֿҪƲסԼһ˲, ˶ñ֮µ˫۾
һ˫, ͬۻĻƽ۾
˵һĨɫ, Ǳ̵ͫе, ˵ϵȵ, Ƿۣۻ˵Ļƽ𡭡
Ǿһ˫Ľͫ
, һֻ, һģһĻͫ
ֻ, а
ĺȻƤ֮ӿеȸԾ뻶ƺͣһģ˲˹
ⲻѧ
ͬʱֵϷѾȥαװ԰׵ĳ嵹ڹܵϣֻѾ˽ĸ׸ĳ峹˺׼
ͣ£
ִһ飬ʶн
ֻһ˲ҪˣѹͲִԼԭƻ
ӰȻðĻͫ˷ǳ¡ֻҪ÷ɪ˹ѧһ˾̾͸ܵǿҵѹȸСվƤΪߵȼѹʼӺĺëһһ
ֻӳǰĻӦûᱻɱɡ
ԤǿҵԼò졣
˳ֱָΪԼ͸һҪѺܴܿסЩȲĵĺӣû뵽ָ֮С̾ͷй˵Զ
ڻͫ˳ֺȺСӼֱɵò˼顣
ͺ֡
ȻҲûʲô˼ȥ̽ǵϾٵĳҲʮּ֡
һöԺµɪɪĴڣʲôദĶڳ͸ˡ
Ӹղ¼Υܳ޼ɵԼһͿԿӦǿĸ塣
ǣļһ˵ǰȴԵøųղſֶ㵽ܺ׺¼徹Ȼҽһ
ȻԼȷʵҸ˱ȣǴ̫ҲǺ°ܾãԷֿ׽ӽء
С͵ͫˣŵĶʼðˡ
͵ĶƺҲֵĿ⣬ȻתͷĿֵͣƬ̡

һ̣ҳ
ֱǱĳӴɲҰҵùֳĸڴ˿ֻú󱳷·ܹһɵȫĺë
֮ǰҲΣյִδǴ˿Ź
ллأ֮˾ͽǼѹĿתˡ
˵ĮǻԼءΧֻ֮¼壬һĵ

ûҲûж
ֿúĻһ䣬ֻ޴¼Ͳضһ¡
ʵƽʱֻֻǿӰᵱѸټβԶ
ϾԼͬ봿ǳļһϾһֻǴǰΪǼʺļһҲûмͫǿĴڡȻҲ̰Ѫı壬Щһ˵ҲǳһԱѡ
Ǹͫбϵ
ֻҪͫһĮɱ¾ĳ棬ܸо֡һ
ǹ
ֻ¼ԼӦѹ´룬պóȻųظӱʾѸ뿪Է
ǡ
ǽȷʵ⡣
¼һ֪ǿȺ䣬ҲΪᵽֻС׳ɢ㡣
ǹֱÿһ鼡ⶼܵ
ѪҺˣҲκģҪõԷ˵ǿңǿҵѹԼԻͫĿ־塣
壬ϣʲô
¼巢˼Ϊĵ飬ǿһ塣
ɱ£ֻСһӼƤûɣ˵ûʲôá㲻ǸͲм׳㣬ƾʲô

ǳǿĻﻹû˵꣬תΪޱĲҽС
ΪԹߵ֣ѹûпΪϣĻͫӾʲôʱֵġ
ֻԼǰƺɹһӰһ룬ɫҺѪҺȻըȻһϸ֫ȻڵϷ졣
ֻ¼ǰ֫
˵һȷʵһǿ;òôóԵĳ֫ĳ֫һ಼ëɫѪҺʣֻҪϸͿóڲȫҺȴûж١
һֻ̣֮ǰǰޱȣƵֲֻúǶֵ¼Ѿ˵ϣָԼԭʼΣһֻľ޴ڵϣ໲ҽţȻһѪһѸٵˣֻµϵĳ֫ڲͣزŤ
ллأûúǶ֡
ȻҪǼֻСһԻӿô졣
ֿĳ֫л㱵ͷ
ϣޱ˹ȥһ׶೤ĳ֫
֪ԼʵӦöŶԷľ飬ϵǿߣͨܶࡣֻĿ⣬пܻŭԷ
κ˶ӦøŶԣǿƲסԼ۾
һֱ͵Ϣ˵ĸߴǿߡ
˸ʱһӶñлֶԷҲʱʶһüͷ
̫ͫأѧĵɫʺ
ʱ·޷ֵĿӣȻתͷһƳһۡ
ִһ飬˹
ѾʱԼôں˼룿
һĵ׷Լ˼㱣һŬԼı飬ر΢ϣǰͷ
ңҺܱǸأҲˣͶ·ˡ
ҧҧ촽ŸߴĬˣ¶һ߷ֺãһĵЦݡ
֪ԼЦͨ˵˾ÿ޺ġ
ңǰ۳棬ֻǡѾˡ
治ɫسǸڵġ۳桱ݡ
ڳҲֻųõ׳ŻԸ䵱һ۳档һǳ΢µݣǴһ˵ͨҲˡ޺
ԣõĻЩǿ߻Ϊüƽϣһֻ۱һֻ۵ȫȻ޺СԼطΧڻĿǰҪġ
ΨһǸαȡǰĴԼˡ
ֽʾ֭ƴ֯ԺȡеĿݣɶԷȴѹûӡ
ϣһڵεδ֭ĳ֫Ȼһ̧֣׼ȷ˦ǰ档

һæ˺üԶһЩ
⣬񰧺
ղ˵ʲôŭ˶Է𣿻˵Լ
ֵֻ̿ϣ
ҺãĶ֮ϣûбֳĶ⡣
վԭأֺֿһȻ˶ñס۾漴һһصӰ
һβܿƵŶԷıӰʱøһЩԭ֮ǰڵλãʵڰա
ǽγɵļнǴÿ˿ĲƳɵĵƽ̨
ùϣǴУƷʼֱߵ֪ȥˡ
վԭع۲˺һ˻صϺ󣬱һֱӰ֮УҲûзκζ
˼˺һϣ֫˼ȷǲϺСĵ˵˽ܵĺ棬û뿪Էġء
ʱǰȻڹһӰ
Ҳһֻ壬ϸȥͱִȦ°ȥŴ౶֩룬ϰȴģ
ֻ֩롱ֻվԶ۲ģûжϵĳ֫ȻѹӰһ´˹Ȼһѱס˵Ѿٶĳ֫˺ü
㻹Ҫ𣿡
֣һ㾯ʵ
ֿ֫ӣеãȻҡҡͷ
õֵĻӦֻ֩ذ֫Լ§§
ţҲˡءıԵֵ棬̻ʵسԵɱĳ֫
ЩһëûзŹ֨֨ƴ׽ºſ죬ѿ¶ϸͷͷ֩롱ѳڲҺøɸɾ
һֱʱֲŻ㱵طӦ
ȵȣ⣬ʳ
ղţϣľٶǷʳԼ
ǶڿšѳԡԼĶ
ɿǰĳǸԵޱӣȻڵײ㴬գ֫Ѿǲɶõζˡ
ײ㴬գĵط
־ֵ


51 
ܿ, ־ΪʲôǸ˻Լ󣬰һָ֫Լ֩롱Ϊʲô, ҪԵô̻ʡ
Ǽ֮ܳǰ˵ײ㴬ҲоͲʱġ
ϾɽĦʱĴ̶еֺܿʹŴչԱŸײ㴬չǵġʳ
ԴƷǳϵϲ嵱Ȼķ̫Դ, ǸĹṩʳдӪҺʵȴлɵ֭
ֻԶԶվڽ, ֶᵽһһɫһġӪҺɢŨظζ
Ȼ, Żʳڵײ㴬ĵͼ˵ҲǷǳʡ
ейµؽӪҺ׵λá͵ȺĳȺʱһɧ, ＸǿĳǳѸٵشԼ׷ǳ嵽Ӫǰ˻˻, Լ֫Сĳ, תӵѸٵؽЩӪɴ
ֻֻ֮ǰԼǰҫġ롱ʧȥһֱֻ۵ĳͽ޹Ҫ֮ǰڵ, Ȼ֮ǰͷ¼ȴԥسſ˿ֻܲĵ˵Ⱥ۾̵֮ͨС
һֱȵǿǳԱ뿪֮ʣµĳӲſԿȻʱ, ӪĿѿտյˣСΨһģſڵ, ߾ܵɾϲ֭ˮ
ֱǵ
˲пҵĳ, ֳ״סˡ
Ȼⳡпʳս, Ψһľڽܺ氲Ľһ
ĸ̬һ
Ѿʶ, ԼΪȱԳȷʶ˷ǳصĴ
Ҫ˵ѧˣȥǸ޴ս
ֳüĵǵʱ򣬺ִһ΢΢ĽС
Ŀ⣬ֻعͷͶķ
ϣɣ
ֲ²ôԶΨһֻܹŵڵӰӣΪϣĳɫ
ԶԷڿʲô²ʱٵԭĵƹȫϨԭӻҵ̾һƬĺڰ
Ҳ֪ײ㴬Ϩʱ䣬ȷʵҲû뵽Ϩƿôס
嶼ںڰνĺڰһǰᣬǾǻжٻҪһ΢Ĺߵġ
Ȼʱ˿̵ĵײ㴬ȴ˳ͷβĺڰ֮С
һĳڸһЩӦơ
£ڰֱŨĳʵ壬װסÿһ塣
ֵĺһЩ١
ûӦĺڰӾ֮йپͱ쳣ϣġءΧ⣬Ⱥƺʲô̫˹
ţЩꤵĳܹҪ취ԼĶӡ
Ѳ³ûбӻ£СڳȺĲ״Щźͺ£ллأʱϤϢ
Ǻǡ
ֲܿƵط
ʵ˵ӦÿƺȺСӡ
ǲӦʱ򿿽ȻΧһƬڰӾױƣֲԶΪϣʵ̫ǿҲұ֤Էûбķʽ֪
ԼСֿĳǣɴ򲻹ǿĳ塣
Ϊ˰ȫ룬ӦüԶغΡ
úǵĳĸȴûзκξָܾ
ϾǴʱ״̬ʵ̫ˡ
ǿҵĿίǣ˵ͨʶֵ֮С
ʱֲ֪Ϊõ˲Ӧеݳ֭Ⱥ˵ĳ̶ԡ衱˱׳еҪǿҵö
ǽһ·ӴջԽϲ㣬Ǳеӵĵײ㡣
֮ǰһǣڵײ㴬գŶԡ衱в⼸ҪƷȺԡ衱ǿұĳ̡
ƫƫΪ˺ǵİȫһֱʶؿųǣǲҪ¶ԼҪ
Υ̱ܵ׵ĺ쳣ʹͽǡֱ˿̣ںڰиоˡ衱־ϵЩиҲƲסԼеشյֵߡ
֣ҲֻܿΧĺڰƴ˵ԼϣǿĴڣҲںСϺףӦòע⵽ǵټɣ
㷲˺ǵĿ
ϸ˵ǳǴӱϿĸһѾʼĸҲҪǵĿ
ܿ죬˺ǱּӲǡ
оϺ֮ǰļ׿ǸӲһЩ
ֻ㱵š
ʱȻоһ
һĺӣӦּϴ󡣶һײģĬԣӲٳּ͡
׳ΪǿĴڣҲӦĸ塣
һ£ûгĸٻӦ̫ؿġĸס
ָĳĸƺЩ̫һ
衱ĳĸҪСܶࡣ
衱Ҳܱ׾
衱ûаȫĳѨһܡ
衱ĺָܶҲ֣˵Ǳ֤ԼȫʲôġӲӦΪˡĸס׳Ŷԣǡ衱ȴűǡ
²ǿƿǶӦúľΪĸСӣĳĸְӵ
ǣ¶һŻǸܵ΢Ĳͬ
ҲΪһ㲻ͬһҲˡ
ͱڣһֱǺίȻܲ˵أֱͷֵĻ
裬һǿ
ǣҪ衣
ǣ裬ǡ
衭
ؿȻѹһӲصĴӣֵ彩Ӳһ˲
һ룬͸֪һŵǿί
ֵɫںڰн
ʲôط֮ǰԭʼ׳ÿһֻ÷ǳĺͿ£ɴʱǱһֻӣڵײ㴬յĿ־塢ȴ˲ʧˡ
ͺֻҪкߣʲôҪˡ
ûϵġ
ȻҲûκ׼ȻѾЩС衱ˣӦóе𱣻ǵΡ
Բǵˡ
ֲϵذԼĺǡ
һΪףֻСҲ˹ͼõֵĸο
Ȼ󣬿̫ǿСǣԼļ
ʵʱ˿̶ֻѾ˲һǶæŸǨƣѹûüԱġּһָ֪˲ͱΪһʶ
֣źˡ
ǰӵеĲҵĻѾ˹̶ιʳʱ䡣
ȴֻǿڽܺҸľսţõιʳ
룬ǳСĵؽ⿪Լ½
ȻҷԼĽ
ʱ䣬Ѿ˽Ǹĸôһ£ʱȷʵܹܺõطӡסﲻϷڵ֭ǣһɽʼһСʱپͻᱨԵؿʼڡ
ֹۡ
֮ǰڲʱ⵹ǺôûеֶëѶ֭ȫëָǾͺáֻ溢ӣôҲʣ¡
ȵ״̬ȥٰѶ֭øɾͿ°װϽˡ
ԭɸ㶨һУӵĵײ㴬ȴʵ֡
ԼԼʱǹζѬˣŸղȺ֭ʱǹɾֻԼֻҪѽһ⣬һͻᱻȥĿˡ
ȻȴҲĶ
Ϣ񣬾½ǣԼƤĽӷ촦һ֭մڲϣȻѲϵݵ˺ǵߡ
ѾǳǳСˣȷʵ֪ڳĸ㣬˵ջ
ֻ˵㣬ջźڰֻ۾
㡣

Ҫõ
ԳģԭʼĿջЩ壬ԼϣĿ־壬ʼǸ䡣
ڸһĳλ壬ҪǿöȻҲӵиĸ֪
㣬ֽ⿪½ʱϸСĦжԷǿмʱ̵ģ΢΢ӿĺ
ϣŨصĺڰУ̲סüͷ
һ룬һɼΪϢ˲̿дĳ塣


52 
ϣϢ˵ر׺, ʱ̰ȡĸ֭ĳǣؽס塣
ͨǿ, ݳڳĸΧΪĸõǻ䱸״̬ԱԼĸס
ȻڸӦϣϢ֮ĳֱȴʹ˽Ȼ෴жһܹģҲֻǴڴֵģȻʮĲ鲻Ըȥ
¶׳ǻûʶԼڱܿơԶʱڿʼĸѨеĹˣѨǿԶжԳĸ֭Ȩ
, Ϊһֻ˰ĸ壬ڳϢظӦʵûô񡣿ɼϣϢ֮̿, ҲоĳĽС
ڳȥǰֱѾŵذ

򵥵ĶȻùüͷ, һƺߡ
Ӧøһʱɿ, Լеĸ, Ѿóһʱûʱȥ⿪ˡı, ʮܡ
رϣϢԵĴ˿̡
ֲûоϣԼʱʲôֱӹǾԼĲ¸ñء
Ӧڽ⿪ֱٲŻʢ, ĽϣȴʶԼٻԾ
ʱ˿ֱ̣һСֱ͵
Ȼʱ, ΪԼϳֵĵùöеǡΪΣüޡ
û, ˽Ų
ȻǿĽŲ, ĳ֫ڽϷɳɳ̫һ˵ĲӯȴнɸУҪ𵱳ѧǺɭʱ˰ĵĽŲ
ţǡꡱһһ΢
ڵײ㴬쳣Դչ˵̵ĹâҲ˶˵ģ
ŲˣȻλϣ
ҲΪƹԵʣ˿̵ĳˣɫȥ쳣⡣ϣϷ·ֵ࣬Ҳ
ֲɽ
ҺãǱҪϣ֮ǰʮִѸ뿪ˡĵװԼ
ȺùٲöΣյļһһ룬һǺܿ˶Σĵ֮С
㵽Ҫʲô
䣬ɳƵ
ߴĽͫһһʵûκĪģ־Ȼҧгݵζ
ɪһ¡
ܺãѾˣϣɫȥ⣬²ΪԴƵԵʡ
ңʲôû
ָɰͰ͵˵
ʲôû
ϣظһ飬ͫһ
ôϵζôģòΪ
µ˲䣬ϣȻǰɪɪꡣ
òΪ׾ӵĹֶλðɣ
ϣľںͱһʹƺߣԼĳССˡ
δ𡭡
⡱ָһʪˮ
ϣôǿֿµĳ壬ȻԼȻȻһ¡
ȻѾ߾ܵǽˣôһˣֵıֱײ˽ǽϡ
ԭʮܵı˲ܹһʹǣçײײȻýֳ˱Сë
֮ǰѾޱȳӯ֭ȻֱӴӽķ϶бѹ˳˳·䣬˵ϡ
֭ڵϵʵ൱ϸ΢ƽʱ¸
Ȼڵײ㴬գںڰ֮Уңǰһ֪쳣ǿ塣
֭ɢʪˮһ̿
ֵͷŵϵ֭ۼʱһ͡
ڣôͣ
ǿҵĿϣɫӲ̧ͷȻͶϣ
ߴͫѾϸϸһߣһڵǶֽԲ֮СԴƵĵƹΪӴ˫Ҳ֮΢΢˸
֮ǰ˵۾ô
ڷֵϵ֭ۼʱֻƴ˼ν͡
ɴ˿̶˫۾ȴԼĴԱһƬհס
ˣַ·ǿҰ븹ĸо
ҡұϵĽˡ
ʶʱֲŷԼѾͰ͵ؿ˿ڡ
Ϊ֤ԼԷ飬ָɴ΢΢Ȼϣһ⿪·ǿԿԼϽŵƤ
֪ġҲʲôöþǻ̼ҵٷڡңҲĽ⿪ԣⲻ𡭡
ֿĿİͰ͵˵
ûʲô˼
ҲڣԼǼֻı溢ιһι
˭֪
ֱּᡣ
ѾСˡ
ϣڿֿԸоһ㡣
ǿҵ͸ָ⣬ӲϵȦһֱûϣֻЩëŲˣֻŻŵذ·´ˡֱϣ׾ذѿۺáڴڼ䣬ϣسĬ
ĥ˺һֲס
ٻعͷʱվ꣬ѾŬԼı
ҡҲûа취
һ˵һ͵͵۲ϣ
ɾôһֺۣòױЩֿסˡ
ԭֻǰȻ˵Ŀ⣬ĪЩ㱡
־ãԼ񿴵ѧ
һ˫ֽĻ۾ϣѧȫ
ǣΪʲôǾãϣôѧأ
һ̣е˲ȥȡ֮ģһԼĥ͸ɬζϸ̽ԼĵĻᷢнί
ѧĻ
÷ɪ˹ڵĻԼ䵽ôǱĵز
ԼԼֻ˳ôôҡ
÷ɪ˹ǻţǷǼֻֻԼ衱ĴӣҲضԴǰɡ
ԼҲȻضڶԷıӻ֮£ʲôõģʲôú¡
ǶðҲָֻ
ԼʵҲܶ
Ͼϣ֮ǰʳҲĳԲȥ
ֲԼġ
ֿеĵѾȾ˵ʡ

ϣǰСС۳棬һߡ
֮ǰ˵ʲô
˵ɳƵͳһ΢ģ˲С
һ룬ֵȻһᣬѾߴĳһѱ˻ڿնгͷȴϣľ
죡
ҧס촽
ַ֮ԼѾĽͫ徶ֱŰеĵϡ
յĵǳʶҿΨһСȱƽ̨ġ
˵ϺϣŸոշԼĸ첲־ͱܾŵشѳʵԭֻһʶĶȴû뵽Ϊƽ̨̫뿪ϣԼһվȣȻͺǱֱӵ˵ϣҰûվ
֣
еˣǲҡ
һߣϣŵ꣬üë
ִе㼱ԭ԰׵ҲΪղһȾЩɫǹ˵˶øŨ𡭡
ϣͷһ£ɫʶҪȥԷ֣ͫ΢΢˸
⿪
Ȼϣòƽ


53 
⿪
⿪ʲô
ϣ֮, ˲佩ԭΪһڵ18cmֱУԺиֳ˺ܶ뷨
һҲҶ
ϣĻͫ˶΢΢˸, һ۾ͿǰļȾֺ;衣Ľ䱸Ӧ, ϣĪʼ
ֻͬ, ׼֮ãȻӼĳ壬ƽʱɱ¾ʱҲһƬĮΪԼĮ
ǣ˿̵ϣȴԼĵ׷˹İܲϲֶ⸱䱸ģ
һ, ӦøŶԡ
ȻܿϣͷӦ˹Լղŵ뷨Ƕô޴óȻӽ׺ǿ۳, Ҫô棬ֻǰֻ۳øɣοԷڲ֮ǰոձԼ
Ȼĳ̶ֳ˵, ʵѾˣȻҲǸղͽ⿪·һﵽڿջԼ, ʲô֪
ҵ˼ͷ
Ҫʲôûа취
ϣس˵˫ֻأƳһۡ
˵и𣿽⿪Ȼøʲô͸ʲô
˵£ûסֶ࿴ϣüۡ
˵Щ֣ǰĿһײУǿ, 鿴ȥЩ粻Գ塣ֱӦʵطɶ˵ľ裬Ī, ϣһ仰, ־;Լ˵ˡ
֮ǰ˷ָԼ֫, 뵽˶Էæߵֻ롱֣ͷһɣҲûйؾᡣ
ϾıĥѣĻͦܵģټϣ˵ȷʵҲеôһֻȷʵûҪȥ
뵽̾ʹ˫ԼĿ׼·
һſӡ
Ȼǵڶš
۳˳ؽ⿪Լ·ԴưĹ£¶Ĳ쳣𪡣
ϣüͷ
ңǹ޴ġ
Ȼسַ˳
֣
һ
ĺѸ㰡еġ㿪Ҫҽ⿪
ǿ¼ѿڶķ
£òͷ
ͷһѵ
͵ԼһѧɣҪóʱְ۲ӣ̳ɽľ
˵ƴȫƽԼ
Ŭػһ¹ȥȻһµԸѧһס
ңֻǾáĻġʱҾ;һˡ
ֹѹɤӣŴ
ԼԼλ̫˵ˣϣȴûлӦ
̫ûһף𣿣
ֵһһ룬ͿϣȻתȻһԾ˵֮Ũصĺڰ֮С
ղţǸһĮ̬ȶӵѸ壬˰ɣ
ԼӦûɣ
꿴ϣȥıӰûзԼѾط
ʼֻѣȻãǸΪϣļһ񡭡Ļͦõġ
Ͼһ㻵ӦҲϣ䣬Ѹٱ࣬ȻֻǱܰɣ

ȴ֪ڽ֮⣬ײ㴬ĿС׺ߡġˡϣѾָԼԭʼ̬
ޱȸߴĿɲ壬Լǰͬǣ¶˿ͳ
ڰУûκһֻԻſһͻأɺ򣬵ⲢϣԼĳѸٶӯп塣
ȳѪҺԼϣǿϢأ˲ǹ˽ģ޵㡣
ɱ¾
ɱ¾
ΪܵȫƲסܶðͼϣء¼壬ھԵĿֲǰ˹
ų˻˻УѱķѵĻϴѹ˴ǣޱȾֵǸ䡣
Ӧǵȥ֮󣬱Ű̵Ѫƽ顣
Ȼ֮ǰҲϲȺ̵ģֻñȥ˼¼壬ڽ֮ǰʵϣδǴ˿ǵĴڡ
Ҫеĳ塣
Ҫɱһֻ׳ļһ
Ҫ
İĳ嶯ϣﲻϷӿ
ʧȥ˼ĳ壬ԺֻһЩǳģĳ嶯޷ŪԼڿʲô

֮ϣ˶ԼĴĳȻѻɽʬΧ
˶Լĳ⣬ȷһȳѪҺҲӳ˦ˣСԼĳ
صԼеһʵİյƽ̨
룬ôʱı۳棬ӦҲѾԼ״
ȻԾƽ̨һ˲䣬˲סֻոշй嶯ı塣
ϣǺòƽϢ쿺ܣ˲־ýͫĳƽ̨Ե˺üӣǿԼȻֿʼ̽ĳ
㡭
Ҫʲô
ϣҪˡ
ɾڿ֮ǰһŷʱʵԼԭҵ·ÿһſӶ¿ۺãͰ͵½Ҳֽ߾ȫŬƽǹ˷ѵȥϵ֭·ӡ
ǹϣʧصĴ㣬ʵеĹӡ
ָɾ͸Ĳڵײ㴬ҲǿǱرʣϾɾˮҪܷ޲ſԴ档ϣҲ˺üӣһĩЩܷҲѿˡ
ȻʱϣǱӦÿյˮȴ˵ɫĳ֭
ע⵽ϣߣĿ˸ػ˻еĹӡ
ԣԲҽһҺܱǸ
ѡĲô
ǣ⿪Ժ֭ķֱԤĻҪ⡣
Щ֭áӿˣ˲ͰĴʪˣһһ·ʵơ
ң˿־ڴе桤㵨ٴҲóȻٻЩ֭
Ͷ·֮£ָպþͿ˷ڽĿչӡ
ǱؽЩʢԼʲѵĳۣòײŵȵٻָǱزúԼȻѽ˻ȥ
һֿ֮Լֱһ֭ڷʱƽ̨΢΢ζ̧ۣͶϣ·΢Ľɫ˫
ϣĿʵ̫ȣǹɿֶظܵˡ
ԾѾ˴еҪ
Ҳ֪Ӳҵл񡣡
˵
ȻͿϣɫĪ⣬Ƭ̺󣬳˲û˳ֽӹ֭Ȼؿڡ
֮ǰҲ𣿡
˳ְһѣ⽫Լ۸˳ԣô֮ǰֻ۳棬ӻ˶Էĳ壬ֶʲô
ԺȻôļһܻ
Ժžˣ˿ȴΪ˱׾ֺöꡣ
ڿֵһ˲䣬ϣһǿҵĸо
Ҳ꣬ԼҪҵˡ
ȻĻڿԷʱԼҲʧء
Ȼֵʱϣֲ֪̾Ǹˡ
ֿİУżɵ
ȻѹͲʶԼ


54 
ǰδеĸ˼ϵسˢġ
ϣҲ޷عʱ, İȵļ㺣ϣǰΪԼһӶ¡
˵Լʳ
˵, רŹ˽, ԼʱѨ
˵ػһֻС׾ոձǰһ۳, Ұеߡ

ϣʼٸ, ǰʱļһԼĶһ֪
ǳϣ, ﷢š
ùα۳棬桤ĸ, һֱ͵͵۲ϣ
ľ, Ϊϣĳ͸ѧһررѸ͡
ƫƫڵײ㴬ֵطѸҲӭѶˡ뵽ϣǰһεĵ̾һ
ж², ġ۳桱ʵУ˳޹ģżڳ˵ҲƯþ˵Ĳ԰, Ǵί˼㡣
ң֮ǰˣû
ǡô, , ͷ΢, ԡ
һеֺթƭʦѧģĳЩý͵, þװװ, ܺŪȥͺŪȥˡ
Ͼͨ£߻Լȫһн͡
񻹼ǵõڿϣթƭʦŸڰȺãȻѧġ
صһҪίһҪһҪԵпԣסĿھξǵĿ꣡

ʱգթƭʦĽ̵Ȼá
֮ǰԵĳˣڿֵıҲĬ
΢΢ζĴǣѿ˿̵Ĳ֪롣
Ƭ֮󣬸ߴŰĳһԾֱֵǰ
֡
˵

ֱŬ˼ԲߣȻϣĽͫŵһ㶣ûƺԼı顣
ԥһ֮ǵսľذշԸǰһ¡
һأ֧װɫҺԹܣС
ϣӪҺһͨӪҺǵȼǳߵͺŵġ
ϤɫԹ״ֲס֮ǰſ˹ӻڵշʱ򣬾ͳԹһʱͺŵӪҺ
Ŀζ˵ӪҺԳƲζ˹ƺҲֶӪҺĿܣޱεȰ˵ֶһ㡣ʱ͹ڳ˵ӪҺǷǳ߼ʳԷǳЧ޸壬ս
ҪǣԴ¼ʬ˵ƷһڲпĳＫΪѵá
Ķϲ㴬գܲرȻʶ˵ײ㴬նӵ֧ȫ֮ڵӪҺЩܳˡ
ǸҵңĿԳ𣿡
ԥԥʡ
Ѿ˺þõԭû̫෴ӦȻֱĶӪҺֲȻԼθѾһˡ
Ҳ֪Լʻ̼ϣòһĳɫ˲ֱˡ
ȵǡ
ɴ
ò˵֮ǰӪҺڶðҲԵøζ
ִһ˿СشԹܣȻЩҺ˴ߡ
ֿ˿ϣֶԷƲ⣬ʵĿȴһֱϡ
⸱Сӣϣüͷøˡ
ȹ⡣
ֻһʣ·ֲȫӪҺҪֵͷšƵġ
ɪһ£Ȼ˳ӵذϣҪ󣬴ڴڵӪҺ
ҲʱֲʶԼļ֮ǰϲ㴬գʵǲӦӪҺĿڸУ־ƴȫҲһ֧ӪҺ
ɴ˿ûӦ֧ӪҺѾˡ
ԼȻѾô̰
ģɻԺȴû̫ࡣ
Թܱÿտյֵθ𽥳ӯԭ彥ҲһЩȶȡ
˴˹ص֧ӪҺڼ֮ǰϣ˵ЩĵһЩĹǡϣȻڣһЩĶ֧ӪҺ
ԭֱеıӰɣȥ飬ȷʵƽӵиľġݾ飬Ҫ鷳͵ڵ˺ôѸ·
ȻֳԱ㣬ҪòǵʱһЩҵʵʵ̫ˣѹ²ȥ
Щˡ
վڵԵ·Ũصĺڰ˺üӡ
ȻӲͷƤתͷϣ
ǸʱҲѾˣӦҲҪϢˣҾͲˣ԰ͻȥڽǱ˯ͺˡ
һǳСģԲٷκζĶζŵˡ
ֻûаѻ˵꣬Ϳ˽ͫĳˣޱߵ˾޴ƽ̨һ䣬ƿһģ·˿֯ɵС̺ӡ

ϣָǸ䣬һһ䣬쳣Ӳ˵
֣
ðɣڴϣٱȽ
ѾϣӪҺҪʲôҲȻġ
˵ĳ磬Ҳͨõ
ִһƹˤ飬ֽͬӲذϣָʾǸȥ
ꡣ
һ΢
ԭƽ̨谵΢ԴƣϨˡ
һε˴ĺڰ֮С
ס˺۾ľսصȴżȡ
ˡ˾Ǳ¡
͵¹ȥԼȥоưɴˡ
ȻҲ¡
ϣʲôҲֻܺԼǼֻͰͷԲϵĺˡ
ĵ׸ϣ趨һߡ
ȻȫĳλֱеԤϣºϣȫû
෴ŵ΢΢ζظоϣƺڴһˡ
ȷϣľھԼ൱ңԶĽ˯£ںڰȻ۾֮Ϣһ
Լϣˡ
һƷиеĺˡó氡
ģ˲
̲ס˼롣
ôҲǵѧƵ顣ȫû뵽ʱ꣬ԼȻлָж
ֱΪԼžͻֻҵ˼ʧߵȴûԤϵϣǼбʶȵϢػ̿徹ȻȫܿƵأһһɳ
˯ˡ

ֻ۳˯ˡ
׽ֵϢƽɡϣŷһƣŵ΢΢ζźڰ̾
ȻܹԼطΧ˯ô㣬ֻ۳δҲ̫ûн䱸ˡ
ôţϣĴǻһ͵Ļ
ðɣеġϣҲóһ㡣
ƺʲôԾԶȥģԺ˸һ¡
ԼѾ׶ʧʱǷҲһĳֻС۳ķöԷԼ¶ޱεһ棿
ǸԼһֱѰҵˣǷҲܸһڳμĵһԼ˯ȥ
˵ֻС۳棬ǽļһѾô߼ӪҺˣȵʱȴǻ᲻üͷԾǲȡ
ǳϵĸ߼۳棬ôԺǸԼдĻʳһҪѺܴĹɡ
ϣޱ˼š
΢Щա

ԶƺЩϸ΢ɧĳֻ屻Ϯ󷢳Ĵ˻ֻϣз꣬ɽȴƽ͡
ַҲԼ֮ǰɱ¾ѪּЩ¼˴˹ı
һڵײ㴬ﶼܳ
ںڰۣȷ겢δЩСѺĮĵ±ۡ

һֵֹΡ
Լ·ڱ䣬ڰĶѨ֮С
ڤڤ֮ƺġѨ
䡣
Ҳʹ
˵ԭ򣬺纣ľһһû
ԼƺҪˡ
ָоǿңǿҵ޷ֿ־塣
͸ȥ𣿡
Ȼ䣬Ժиֳ˲Ե˻˻
̲סüͷ
·ֻص˼ƵоģѾõģȥγкС
԰׵ĳĸʬʬʪֻһһȵƤƽѪ֮УճΪһ塭
֮ǰȫһڲͣ૵
ǵģ㲻ġ
ô࣬ڡ
㽫սһУ֪㻹Ҫȥ
ʵ԰ɡ͸һ
˾ҵʹ
ȻҰʱİ׹⡣
ڰ׹ҫһ˲䣬͵תͷȻڶѨı棬һĨӰӡ
Լ
ƺǴġ֡
Ұ׵ϰǿά̬Ȼ°
Ǿεѽ
޴ģ͵ĸڲϾΡ
ǿļڲϵؼѹŸǻĳѣȻų⡣
һһųѹҺų˷͸ȴûʧ
ΪÿųһųѣµۻΡ
ء
ƺʹİ
ãȻصͷ
Լ·顭ȫȥĳʬ
Щá


һٵĳУȻ۾
ˡ
̧ͷʱöϣӢЩëӡ
˯ǰ֮ôľ룬ʱȴԼ͸ߴǿĳصһ
ԭجбܾŵֱ֣ŵñȥ
㡭㡭
ŵöˡ
ڳ˶ãʼնЩ޷Ӧǿּ̬˶ұӡ
Ϊ̫Է˸ǿҵС
ϣֱض֣ûһ˿顣
ֻͷ˿΢΢ζĴʾʱûбֳôƽ
ܳˡ
ϣ˵
һֵ̧֣Ļоֶ֧ӪҺ
Ǹһͺţζ⵫ǵȼܸ߶һܱ
æҵץסӪҺ̧ͷʱȴĳλ⿶ĳѾ˶ñ˶񣬴վһȥ
ֻͣӺ˳ٵ
ִúŻع
˿ԼΧɫ԰ף֣Լ֮ǰϣָλϡ
Լ֪ôһУ֮ǰڵƽ̨Ľ˯µģȴĪŲϣλá
ѹָղʱԼȻǸ˽һ
ΪѾðڳ硭
ϣûаԼɱ֤Ѿǰδеĸгˡ
ֺȻϣȫʶ
ÿʳȻʱ㲹ġ
ʧ䣬ִֶ˳˱ѡ
ãõġ
ִ˸飬˲æšӪҺԼйȥ
ڴʱԼһƵ̾ϢʶתͷȻһ۱㿴ϣеĹӡ
͸ĹУ֭ͬʵĻƽ
ղϣһڳʱ˲Ƶ֮
ǰδеģ񾭺͹趼Ҫڻۡ
ԭĬԳֵĳΪϷļ۶΢Щʧء
Ŀǰһе֣ǲ㱻Ǻ
ǵģӪҺϣ
ϣݵص棬ڴڵغһ޳ۡ
Լռģһӵ֭
ϸյײ㴬գֶһЩŹȣ鲢ûйӡ
񾭹һҹ˯ԾԼѾ侲˺ܶࡣں׼ۿһߴƷԼϷڳĳҺ壬ô붼ʲôط̫Ծ
ʱĳֱεܹ183ֱֱҸضȥװһĳ̶ȡ
ңһǣеظоʹĿϣó۵һ̿ʼı΢΢͡
ֱǡյʲôӦֿʼһ㡣
־ʧæջĿ⣬źѺȵӪҺоζ䵭ࡣ
֣֮ǰֻôιʱûôΰΪϣӵ̬
ֻҵš
Ҫƣȴȳ֮С
Һã̬ױ֮ǰ˼̴ٵķǼܳ浽ʾ
ҲѾ󼸿ӪҺȥϣе۹ޣŷôһ޳Ѿʧһ˿ɫûС
ֻôܿһۺɡ
˲е
ϣֵ棬ʮ̹Ȼؽܷ޷Լ֮С
߰ɡ
Ȼ¹ĳλ֡˰桤ֱȣϣԸոպһֻԡͬࡱ֭ѹû˿Ӱ
˵˿̵ȥֱݹʱ΢жȥࡣ
Ҳ鲻ԵʣֿǰϣѾסӵһԾ£صǳ¼
ʵϣų˿֯ɵĵƽ̨ûʲô߼ռָܣһֱڵײ㴬յ֮ڡǣ뿪²ڵײ㴬յĽϵʱȴĪִӡ硱صĸо
߳һƬƧĽ䣬ͷԭѾ㹻ĵײ㴬һƬǽ塣
ѪԼɫĳ֫ͺϾɵЧʮ⣬ڵʱ̵شɨһģҲ֪һֻ屻ࡣ
ֿǰһĻһȥ
ַǳõԤС
òǺǶˣϣҹϮˣ
̲סʶٻԼĺǣɺصĻӦֱһεĻҪί
л޷ݵĲصķŭ
ֻһ㡭
˷ʳôóԵģŪˣѳԵЩ쵽һȥˣ
ĸʣǣŪˣ
ҲԱġ

ǣеۣˡ

Сֺǿеġӹɣָϣ
ȵȣԼϰ֭͸ϣһĻҲֻô֪ˣ
ЩΣʾ֭Ҫǽ췢飬Ȼ˼ĴݱϾʮģԽͣƺ֪ԽǴ
ôͣƺִΪϣҲеһԱ
ͽ޹һֱּ֮ͨҭ
ʱϣϢؿ˹ûκʶϹͨĿܣɸߴ廹΢΢ü컨ķһۡ
Ǽֻ̲λá
ϣĽͫ˸һ£۵׻һ
İĳ塣
ϢİҲ֣֪гĶ̫һ
ǴӳƷ
˵Щĳ岢ʲôв˵⼸ֻʵѾ൱ǿˡ
ϣ֮ǰϰߣӦǰпܵЩСǳǰϣὫǱҲ޷⡣
Ȼ˿ѾǣȴĪԶɱ⡣
ǰδе顣
ϣˣûȺС˷̫ʱ䣬Ͼ˿߻иҪѾĴڡһֻ棬Сһ۳档
عһѷеԷԱߴһ㡣
һվȲϣεüɴһչ첲ֱӰֳ뻳С
š̫ˡ
Ǵ˿ϣԺΨһͷ
ڱ§ס֣˶춳ˡΪظоôһССĶڳе¼Ŀⶼϣϡ
Ŀ¶ȵĻ־ԼڴѾŻˡϣȥȴȫ⡣
̫ˣСĵ㡣
˵ͷ㡣
˵һӣһ̨Ͼɵ˵ţ֮ǰվŵĵط˹ȥһģûϴɾѪۡ
л
ǿ˵ȻװµشϣĻѿ
Ϣϣû§׼ߣ֮ǰںоư򹤵ʱµĳУûĸֱлϲһ§ţ
Ϣǣ֪ʲôʱԭӵ¼ѾɢֺϣֱĦֺеĦһĪ߾ͿճһС
ϣֱĽ㡣

ҲǼܳ浽ʱһĻ
޼ɵֱǷżĸߴ壨ǼһֱÿһϸɢռԼɫ԰ףɪɪС۳档
ҪټΧͰ͵塣
֮ǰǳֲݵĵײ㴬գʱֱò̫񻰡
ܳ˳Ĭ
ζһԼ۱ܾԼĴͳЩʹ
һһҹѣϼ彫۳棬ôȻ֮͸Ļͥҵµߣ
һͷͻȻ֮ǰһĻôѽ
۳浹Ǻܺô
Ϊ˱鷳ܳôԳŸɵֲͼռϲ˽ĵù
ƫƫֻ۳ʾȨ۳ϣ
ײ㴬رǿϣ
Ϊϣǿĳ岻һֻС۳۰Ͱȥء
һ뵽ϣεĹܳ;ǰһڡ
˼֮󣬼ܳԼɴ͵ʲôûɡ
ϼ岻ҪԼڵײ㴬ջһֻһϵȻɫ۳棬Ȼǳ̫ˡ
΢飬ڸַʱ򣬼ܳЩŹ֡
ֱܳ濴ֱëֻԼĹè塣
ʵΪ¼кܶ඼ä񷢷ʱֻͷļܳ滹ǻͷһӦĹֲģԼִ򿪹ϸһ
óϳ֣ԾЩ򵥵Ҳеѡ
ϣ˹ֱӳоƬ
ʮǸСʱ׳ιӪҺ
ϣһһ˵
ڿıʱüͷ΢΢
񡭡
ҵôˣ
ϣ΢̬˲ͽ
ȻֻСʱͨû̫ĹԣŵķĶǾԤ
ϣ˵
׳ӷʹзǳǿҵĹԣϾֻΪײѪȺĳ壬пܳΪ档
ײвΪֻСʱκμ
˵ԱΪСĶ׳ɣΪĳäʽϵĿǰٷ֮ʮôھķԱɵĸʼǰٷ֮١
ΨһԱֶܼ೤ʱ䡣
ǣӦô죿
ˣֵֹֻ֪ܳģ⣡
Ӧҡ
ԿֻеСĳλΪ¸ʮֺġĳ˵˵

Ȼס
ǿĳ۳ϢأʱסЩ壬ǵĹܡ
ϣֵ۾ƽز


55 
ѾϣϢء
ʶ˵
յִײ㴬յʱ, ͱϣгһڡ
һҹѣϣȻҪһڣ
˵һ룬ֱ㿴ϣı顣궶һ, Сȥ
ϣЦһ
ַϢأû𣿡
ϣ԰ֵȻ㲻ʲô塣
ֻһԼĲ״, ȴҲûֱ׳˵ϣǵϢá
Լʱȷʵܶ嶼ϣϢض˱, Ǻеͼ岻֪׷ɧš
ҿϣ, ֻų뿪
뵽, ֵı齥ɬ
һһҹĵײ㴬վԹĿ࣬ϣҪ, ֵϵӦеѡ
ϣ, ҡ
΢΢ֳϿҵ˵
ԼϷڵܸ֭Է, ڿڿϣʱ, ֿ˵һϰûС
Ըϵزһ䡣
ˡ

ϣȻ˳Ĭ
ƯС¶ͷԼʱ, Ŀô峺͸һԼδǡ
һβԶϣԤƵŴֱ񡭡
ڶ
񡪡
ϣһġ
Ҫϣ, ɵȵİ˵, ò֪, Ҳ
ҺãΪһĳ, ʧֻ̬˷ǳ̵һʱ䡣
˵Ľͫ΢΢ת, ΧһȦ, ȷе¼嶼ڿ̽Լʱϣ֡
Ҫġ
ϣɤ˵
ͣһ֮ûסָ̧⣬ص˵ֵļ
Լڡ
ЩӲ˵
ʵ֪ԼΪʲôȻҪ󣬿ڤڤ֮УƺһֱڸӦԼڣûҪ򱳶ԼȻ󡭡
ĳЩģĳɿԺһϣϸ̽ЩͬȻɢȥ
ɼϣȻǰһĻʶ
΢΢ǺһԭվһСջ˳ӵذķԸֽ̧⿪ڡ
ϣ۾
һߣʵԶԼֳô侲
ǵģޱ̹Ȼؽһֻ۳ϢҺǣҲԳɴضϣ˵㡱
ϣҪʱջǲܿƵط졣
ѵƢŹѸ۳棬ĳЩķҲһѧҲġ
ĵСرԹšǸֱУֲҲֻ˷ǳ̵һ˲䡣
Ͼ뿴ϣ۶ˡˣԼ˰æҧһҲʲô
߳׷հ쳶ʱǱϣȻֱ˶һ˻
ֵҰڱΣȫȫ˸ߴ˵Ļ֮Уһ缡¶Ұ֮С
ϣ
ֻüһԻĺһеͶתΪƺߡ
ǱҧסȻעϢҺ̡
ϣҧʵأȻɵǣַ˵Ŀպҧ˲Ǹλúãϣҧ֮ϡ
еۡ
˶̵ʱڣͬһλעͬԳϢҺֵķӦ֮ǰҪǿҺܶࡣ
ԵķӦǣڽϣϢҺ֮ܿͱһﲻŰֵĴҲһ
˰ʣֶϢ̫񣬿ɴʱĸйȴһӱŴˡ
Ⱥ¼Ϣڶ֮ڣϣϢȴޱǿңֱε̺һ㣬ϣϢ˳׵ذס
ֵĺӿ졭
ĺ֣롣
ϸȥ֧ӪҺıиδȥеţǴʱᵽϣϢ֮ȴ΢ظоĳּʡ
ĳޱȿ飬·屾ڽţҪǰǿߴ۳ϼȡһЩĶĵ
ÿһֻù֭ĳ嶼Ӧøһ㡰ӪѡŶԡ
κģûʶԼҪʲôڶ֮£˰ֳĸȴʼܿƵϣ
֪Уֱֵزϣϡָǰ۳ʵӲı֮С
ƺһҷͻ˽ķӡӼ͸׼ȷشݸǿĳˡ
ϣ˫Ĺâռݡ
ַһʣԸоϣĿƺת̬ҧϵĴʹתΪľ²
٣ǵڡ
۳棬Ѿܿ˰ɣ
ûŵʲôζܺš𣿡

ԼԼأĵ塣
ΪһСΣǿҵĵùֱӦʮЩŶԡ˿ȴһ״̬֮УĴһƬհףʵʶҲøģ
ǣĳЩĴڸУȴ쳣
Ըܵϣֻ۳ܿ죬ҳƺѾҪ޷Ƶչ۳ǳܣҲѾˡ׼
ҲԸܵԼһЩĺǡ
ǻĳ䣬ضϣ
ֻ˺ôʱԲģѭܣʼղǰϾԭʼĹ򣬳ѨǿĸȨ
ңԶһЩĵطһЩǳģĴڣԼغӦʶ

أأԽԽˣֵʶģ
Ѿȫ޷Լ֧壬ֻܿϣסԼ
ԽϣԽǾԼ֡
ᡣ
ֵģ޷͵ĿҲǿҡ
ôһ˲䣬벻ֱܲϣҲϼڣ޷ݵĿ
ңԤУϣƺҲڿķ
籾ʹſ죬Լ촽Ȼ¶Լݡ
ֻһ㣬־ҪҧϣĶ⡣

˵ǣ̬ײʰ֮ǰܳŻеϣֵߡ
ϣ֣ǴŵˣͣǵĽΪ
е
ڴͼƿϣһ˲䣬˱ܵضԴַ˹
¡
ϵͳĻеһӾͱһŤķͭ
еֵĸġ
СϣֶȻִƵĻѹ
ϣſ֣Ȼ¹ԼĶȻؿŴϣ֣ź߾Ȼеҡ
˵ղ˱һҶôãȻıʲôûɣעһϢҺ
ع¼ϣʱЩ֮̽⡣
ȿȣϣڿ񷢷ʱ䡣
ܳԼǰ֫ԶԶվڸ̨֮ϣŭԵسϣ˵
ϣһƬ̺ǸĬȻǿ»ص˳Ⱥǰ
֪ˡ
޳˵Ȼתͷһ֡
ִʱӶǷɫģΪעϢҺе㲻̫ż̧һԼļ
̧ͷϣȻϣȴؿԷ۽ǲһʪ󣬸ܵԷûȫȥ¡
ϣĺͷʶعһ¡
֪ԭһֻעԼϢҺȻõ飬ڷֶԷѾϸϸܸԼϢ֮мֱִ۷塣
ϣδ˸е

Ǳؿ첽뿪ȥĹҵϣżܳǴĿ⣬ʩʩȻϸ̨أѡԼĹ
ھ£ײ㴬յĳԱֻǴƷûκεļֵҲûκεȨǿһ̶ȵʱǿԴ֡桱
ϣʱĴڡ
һߡ
Ȼʼײ㴬յʱĹνĲߡ
˵ˣǸʱġǱŵΣķʵ鳡䵱ĳЩʵߺͿ
ϣϣͨ¼壬ôʵצݼʹذԼؼ¼ΪоЩʵճݡ
ϣ飬ǳɵظɵ˺üֻ൱Σյʵڴǳϵĵλ΢
ݱˣӲ߱˴ߡ
㿴Ҫٵʧʵ壬ڵλ߿ֵȴĳʵԱ˵ҲǷǳֵ鷳
ЩͨԤϵԣǺѱʽװý
ÿʱЩڴǳϵʵңͻҪһЩ˽Сֹҵ
ϣȻǳóݹ
óڴǳȻĳĵλ
ܳڶԴʱҲԵøòϣǳֵѡȨ
ʱҪǵʮһʮ㡣ʵ鳡һ߷һЩµĻ塣Ժ֣ǵĹ̫ߣǷӶȴ̫ˡǱߵĹԱҪ㾡ǡ
ȥʮ㡣
ϣ˼ܳĻ

ܳ˻δ롣
ǣʮĹԱ֮ǰһֱ룬һֱûͬ⡭
㵱ǿڿ˵ֻ泤̫ѿԾԲԱݹĴ
ܳεδ˵Ļ
ϣȻѾ֮⡣
ߴĳɫܳϣȻƽ͵ؽһ¡
˵ֻ˵ŵֻҪϽڵֻ͸ıꣿ
ܳ˵ͷ
ǵģϾǼһʵڳĴΧ̫ˡ
һ뵽ʮֻʧƷʵܳԼҲеĻš
һֻȫԤϵʵ壬ָ궼׼
Ȼӵޱǿͬʱֻʵײг̶Ҳͬˡ
ȫʧصĹ
һ£ǳѡʧصʵ峹䶳ȵɴִۿںͥ룬ɸߵȼЩϵġ
һгδ룬ʮĹԱȴѾҵдĿ
Ͼ
˶ܵģǸŲɴֻۣͻͻݡ
ܳû뵽ϣǸ֮ǰһֱΪϣǹҽڲŲԱġ
ϾǺпһѰ·
ǱߵĹԱ˵һҪһ䵥ĲΪ͡
ϣûܳĹŹ̬ȣԹԵ˵ԼҪ
Ҫ͵ȼңӦǣġ˵ˣҪ234ſζӪҺ
Ͼʵǲԡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪĳͻͨң
ֶϣĳ˵ûκ塣
ܳ水಻סԼ̲סʳ˿ڡ
ϣƳһۣɫ΢
ڼܳΪԷ֮ǰһĮغԼʱ洫ĳλε졣
ΪеС˯ܲֺʳûеҵĻºȥ


56 
ʮ, ǰͨڡ
ڿǰصĸŲ΢٣Īشһս
ڱʲô߶
ȴҲû̫⡣
ǰʮȴ۸, м·ÿһ·ͷһŨصӰȻ˵ǹ, Ͼ²㴬գʮĻ, ƹ谵ʱʱĪ˸ھЩ·ʱ, 첲ϵĺëǻ᲻żԼ·ʲôֵ˻Ҳʱʱһ¡
ԱȻ²۹ʮߺоĹ, ־ԼӦøѲǰλǸ
ʱ, һͻĶĳʵĵȻ
ĸĸס
ΰġϡĸ¡

Ȼվסüȱ˶ˡ
һƬž
ղԼ
־ɲ
衪
һ, ǻĺֱʶŷԼ塣
Ǻǡ
̧ͷ, ̾컨ϸӵĹܵп˺۾
Ǹ㡣
£
һ֮ǰʱ΢ľн, ڿ½ĸ׸ĳ溢Ǵ˿ޱȻÿʡǲһȺſֲεĳ, ʲôСĻ˿̴Ѿƴҡβʹˡ
ҿû¡
, 컨ջĿ⡣
ȷ˳ʼԼ, ֵһӾͰ
ڸ˹Եָ, ǳ˳ԼĹص㣺A
Ż
εķ仹, ͷѾվͬΪߵ¼塣
ǸЩĴͷ, ЩԲ̫һǵθСϢ͡
Ҳ
ֱһȺոͨ꺢ӣҪճͥɩ
˵ιĹɱ򵱿ҪࣨҪðűԵķգĲԱȥÿһֻǱͿꡣ
ֽȥʱûеõ̫Ĺע嶼ֻԹԵڽ䣬ɫ㱡
ȻҲȫ嶼ǸӣҲоʢĳֵĵ
˰
С壬Ҳ̫СˣͳŲ˼ɣ
Ǹ˼ܳٺô
꣬㻹˵˵ǿһֻ۳桭
ɶǹȵȷ棬۳棬ʮֻԵġ
꣬ʮֻֻ㹻Եʣˡ

ֻǿ׳¼·ʱζԼĴ룬˺ܻĵ
ֵͷȫûЩ塣
Щ˽ĳӦҲһЩ֣ŷḻΪĹ˾򹤾ֻ֣ҪһҵԱվ֪˼죬Щӵ壬Ҳǰʬ⡣
Ͳ˷ʱǽκνӴ
ޱذָʾӻеõԼĹװһ׷Լһ׿ԱĲװá
ĴͰӱȥģҺζʱеܵͰһֱ쵽ǰ˿һιͷ
׷ȥʮֺʵ̣ĿṩķȻǰǺԵǿոµĽϸܲҧۡ
ûס̧ͷϸһΧøһЩ֮ء
ÿһĬֲԱϣ񣬶˵㶫
еԼĴ롣
еĿ۾Һʣʮţ
е˰߳֫
֣
˶ԼδְҵĵյĴʱĶߴһЦ
ǷأС۳棬ɲôʱɶǾ棬ȺֻԵļһɲСԶԸء
Ȼתͷһֻ˶͵ĳйɵźԼĿߴչ
ǿεĻֻȺԱȷʵƸ塣
ҲΪֻǰԵøҵ⡣
ҪҪҰһѣֻҪҼ۶ѣһûϵ۳ζغٺٺ١
ֻԼдɫëǰ֫滯ͷ˵ʱҪյǰˡ
ֻûüڣֻ׳ЦȻֹ
˻˻
һܿƵʹĺ˺üֱӷ˵ϣ͵Ķڰлζ˺ü£ֻ涼û˳
ѾȫӲˡ
΢һѣ޺㿫͵۳ǹǿϢأĳֻһ˲ӿ
ÿһ֪ϸ·˴жҺĸ롣
һֻ۳ϢؼֱԴһ㣬񾭶ˡ
ߵȼһ·Ϣصһͻ֣ȻԼ˺Ƭԭֵֻ˲ʧȥ˹
ô¡
Ϊʲô˿µġϢ
ξ޴ĳΪ־ü׿죬֮ǰûʲôвȻ⸱սݵģ鲻Խؾ˼Է˾롣
㡭û°ɣ
ֳɵʵ
ֻȴӣͷ̧
ԣԲ𡪡
˻
֣
ΪעϢҺĵˣһ㶼ûоϣϢػʲôϾǸ˵Ϣչʵ൱ºֵͣĸое̲ϸܺص̸ǡҲΪָûвԷĿ־ΪԼϵζ
ֱʱҲȻɢ˵øԶ
˳Ĭ
ûãԻҵĳΪĹԱֹ
͸ܳ࣬ԱʱҲżķȻнƽ̨԰л¡
ҸϼߣȫڵĳƷڽƽ̨ϵĸ֮Сһɫ뵡ɫҰ׵Գ塣
̬ҲӢȻϸƤ´۾·ȴѾܶûϢĳԱһֺĺȦ
ȥƣ룬Ҳ
ֵһ˲䣬ԭٻе㶯ķš
ʶر壬ΪԸо֮ǰЩ־㱵ĳ壬ҲΪԱĵý
ܾòʲôô򽻵ĳء
ôͬʱԱ̧̧֡
ƺʲôӹֱֻһ뻹ڽšһѵĳϡ
ꡪ
Ȼ־ؿֻӣһܻĳࡣ
˵˶ٴˣǻ˯ᳳǵġ
Աüͷ
ǿ·ȺģĿȴ˸Զĵط
ЩӸɲһȫǽ۹ĶǳĸʵáǿôˣΪʲôôأҪһֱЩظ
߶߶йԱ̧̧֣ôԶʵûп̫壬ǾùԱƺӡһŸӵ
Ⱥ־ɣ
ţȻעܿͱȻµϸĹ˹ȥ
δ𡭡
ЩãȻؿǹﻺ˼ηǳһİɫҺ塣
ûзӦҺֵ˲䣬¼ȴȻ쳣
ֶЩŵˣҪ֪⻹ڳһرֳȵĿ֡
ŸʲôۣðĸĨԼϡ
һֻƺǲֵĴ㶣һ˿̵Ŀ˵
ĸۡ
ںġͬ¡Ľֲ֪ԭڲԼǿʱҵǰṩηǳǳ֭
ֱΪĸ۵̶֭ȵؼЩǱܣǱɸǿȼߵĴڡ
ͬʱҲȶǵľǲʱɱɴ
ۻһЩĺô˵ԲߵĹܣһСģĳЩҲΪѴǿĲֱӳˡ
Ȼ֮⣬ڳ˵ۻбá
Ҫͼ͵Щ֭
Ա΢΢ǰ㣬ǳ۵ؿŹܵϡ֭ʼˡ
͵ߣᱻΪشΥߴ
Աǻڷı£ĶԻ
˭Ҫ͵Ⱑ
˷ĿװãӹܵĳɴһŻζ
ʵǹӹһ㣬ŨڶЩζѬӶʼˡ
һתͷͷΧƺе㲻̫ԡ
֮ǰһϢȫǰ״̬¼ǣȫſԼĳ֫ԡ˹֮ܵ£ǾܵؽЩζŨҵҺ岻ͿĨڷı棬ͬʱÿһֻ嶼ƿ˷ͷͷ­΢̰ſӿ㡣
Щɴ̬άֱ֣¶һųͷͷϵĴſϵڰлεüȡζ
ǿ⸱ֵӣ־ĻлһЩƲסԼıԣֱӰѷϵĸɾ
־ԼĲƷζ
ͺܹ֡
ձһȺ·ɶĳ֮Уòײŵȵ𣬼ɴͰȥι档
Ҳڿŵһֺ̣Ȼеתͷ
ȦŨصĹԱڸ̨֮ϡ
ǣȴãһ̣Էǲ۽ߣƺֱϡ
ꡪ
Żպϣ
üȻͷרĿʼ˽һĹ
ϸ˵ιȷʵû๤ࡣ
һޱȿ޴Բι㳡
һһǶǽ֮ϣǸոշ塣ÿһԱḺιһ塣
ڲʵҲӡ
޷ǾƿܱյĳǣȻ֣ӪŨаѲС۳ʷֺŴϱһͳ
Ȼ󽫴е缫ιͷЩϱĿϣڵĴ̼£ȻſԼĿ¶ϸܿɰĻݡ
ԱҪĲڶԷԼ֮ǰ׼ȷؽιͷ̽ǿС
ɴɵӪҺ漴ͻᱻǵڣ̶̼ʮڣ͵׵һҡ
ǳԱ㷴Ӧ֮ǰԱҪۼֿذĳ֮вҸϸӡõģЩӴԶЧֻҪֹ죬Щ׺ݵģǿҹܵǲײƳҳҧ˵ġ

ʼʱʵеǱ
Ͼϣ֮ǰĳĵùǿܶΣһ嶼ףܿ£һСֱоͻ¿ζϡ
ĿʼιЩʱȴǲûԼ֮ǰôѸ㡣
ȻʼЩʷϻƵͳʱֻе㱻ˡǣ漴뵽Լֻ˳ӡ
Ҫ˵ǵĳǸ
ĳ΢£ַ֣ԺЩԲĴ棬Ҳû˵ĳ󵽲ֱӡ
ȻöԷɰһԭ򣬾Щ徹Ȼͦɵġ
ִʼնûϮ¹ʣʼͳʱЩΪӦ£żмֻᷢ˻˻ĿС
ֻҪְǷһģǾͻ̰
ֶҪιͷϵĵǾͻԶſڴڵغӪҺУڿΧһȦ۾Ҳô⡣
ⲻǻͦɰ
ֹ
ιУֵҲ֪ƽ
ҵĺӡ
ûʶ˼ѾؽЩΪӡûע⵽ǰֻڳ֮רעض
屾ӦòڳѨŶԣɴʱȴѾȲҪˡ
ΪС

ʱֻպñһֻ塣
ֻκܴȻַ׿Խ壬һѾȫɵĿϾܹ
ſʱһȦȦϸѾвٿŶΪ˾׽ݡ
ιͷŽȥʱ˽ݿҧļ
ٰγʱ򣬽ƳɵͷѾЩˣȫһȦȦĳݺֻۡŻسȥʱˣһ㣬ɴͲֱֵϡ
֨֨
Ķ۲ţһֱ֣иǷ˲ԵϸϸС
ֻ˺һӶûֻŻȥʱ䲻΢һ㣬ڵкȻصײ
ڲײǡ
ԭͦɵԼоһ㲻òʱ䣬忪ʼˣ
æҸֱֻ̫档
ǡ
ȻһʱĴ졣
Ӧι̵ķȻѣСֱֱչ¶˷˶ߡ
ִסˣͷĲǷʵףԼԵøϸݰֱۡ
׽ӷ촦ڸղŵһѶѣԵ˺ҧģнֱӵС
Ȼֻ塭ȴֱϡ
֨
һ룬ֻȻϰ
˻˻
ԭƽ˳̧ͷֿ˿

ʮġ
ˣˣԭҪٳĹϷһӦǻ쵽ڷ۵һȥˡ
ĳھڹûţΪҶͣҡΡ
ȫ·ûйͷ̯ڽϵĹԱһĹǷ
ֱضҵĳڣΣŻ㱵˵ûϵ
ǣķ΢һ¾Ϳܽ壬ȥܻᵼԱĶҵǱѾǷ˺üξ棬ڵ¼ѾǼô˷ˡ
Լ˾ھͷʹ˵
ɹԱǸû˯ѵģǡԵЩɻ
ֻһɣңԱˣǲͿҳϷ𣿡


57 
ˡ
ڳ˹ԱĻӦεغ, ЩȰ˵ֱʻ˺
²ȥ
ڳһ㡣ǼӦúúõشڴʲֿΪʲôȻʹõװأ
ȻΪ۳𡭡
ڳƳһԼ˾ΪĹԱε̾һ
ɺ֮
ӵи߹Ѫͳϼ塣
˵Ҳɺ֮Ⱥѡ, ȴԼȺ, Ϊĸɵĸ߼˾ܹڽгΪ߼Աĳ, ȫԭ֮ĸĿͽ
ֻԭ֮ĸǳΨһġĸס
ҲֻСĸסʸԳ۲ڳ档

ĸͽ, ôģҲ⡣һֱ, ԱرֳԼвļ
˵, вĳ嶼ΪģΰΨһԭ֮ĸЩ̬ǶԳĸ, ЩЩӵƷαӳ۵ĳǵɥۻ塣
֮ǣв۳嶼
ΪߵĲԱ, һֻ塣ǣֻ廹һֻ¶ƾһ֮ƻѪȺ۳档Ҫ֪, ѪʷһֱǳĸҳǿĴ, ȴ¶۶ʧء
¶պþΪĸͽĴڡ
ǼűŸֻ¶ɣмöԷȥ, Ҫֻƻĵ¶ں֪´ƽճ׹, ԭԱԼķ壬ȻŸܵȺһӵϣɴ
, ֮ʱ, ֻ¶Ŀ־
ǵùء
òײӹֻ֮, ȴΪСĸͽжȥ
ڳٻǵֵ¶, һϧƯƲ۾׳棬Ҫɱˡ
ĳһɶֵͬ飬ǣôãڳе֣ͬҲ˵һ仰
ϾҲš
֪ˣˡ
ڳ˵
ʱѴ˹Ƿ˽Уȥ·һֱ˯ȥɾʱĹԺȻ˸ͨȻ𣬼֮󣬹ԱԶͨϳ곤ޱݡ
һˡ޹Ҫ̸
˾ᰲʥߣĻǰĹԱ˵
ûе˵ᰲѾԹԵжͨš
̧۽ޣһۿյɢ
÷ǲ׳ռ档
ʹţ׻ǴӽһһŲؽԼϵ˷ɴΪ޹ڼ֮С
֤ͷɥڶտľ޴ֿ￴˴˾
ų߻ʱᰲվڷΨһǰǰġ
Ϊ޹ĿռֻһǾһ޴Բ
ͷƯһž޴顣
ĽǶĻǱػĳӡ޴͵þһ沼˶ĵһЩȻɼ֫͵ĳʽ״ĸǳ۵ġԼܾҡһпȥԵùŤΪЩṹеĻݵһЩԲӦóϵĶ
˵ЩΪڹͶð͸ĤһĲɶŵࡣ
ȻЩŻеĽṹ
ÿһϵͫ׶ɵġ
һС༹Լʶһ㣬Ƶ֮вߡ
ָŲȱȫĸ첲ʶڰлζţ·һѾȥܾõڻǵĺӵΪˮ¶ԼĲк

Ϸ̽ϸһĹܵڣֱֻʮ׵ľ޴󡰹ӵڰУϵ䶯
ʱʱأᷢһЩƵĵȻϾͻῪʼɫҺҺ֮ᱻײռһβ˷ѵԶȫռ
ĻžжϳЩɫģɢǿҺǴ
˾ɫؿֻûڵһʱĵ
ֱһһ˴˾ǰص֮䡣
Ŷ˾˾գգ۾ع񣬡Ըԭ֮ĸĿפϡչ˵úܺá
˵
˳ǡ
ÿһöӦԼȥչ˺áĸסⱾӦġ
˵
ǰÿһ嶼ǵkãÿһöӦչ˺áĸס
˾̾ϢںĸסʱеĹ
ǣġkܹǵġĸס𣿡
ᰲޱȵͳ
ǵģֻеȲʵĹһֻĸ
ʵϣ⸱ģѾǳʱеõһֻĸˡÿһֻĸʵ϶ɳ屣һֻĸʬ¡ģҲΪĸڳ˵ǼΪĴڣԾܳĿѧѾ߾ȫˣγ֮Щ¡ȻػΡ
ΰĸƬôǡĸסһ֡עĴǣᰲ˾¡
ͷðë״Ĵ룬ǱֱʾλʮԱ˿̵Ĳ
ĺܶжһɣʧȥ˶Գĸ֮ġ
ҵȻԶԴġĸסӦеֿ
ᰲ˵
ϣġ˵ȻȵΨһġĸסعʱ㽫ΪиͱѸе־
ԭ֮ĸĻع顭
Ļ֮ᰲѸٴȥ۵׵ɫ
һȴֿԤԣᰲЦǿǵǰ֮˵ݣסˡ
ĸ
ֻг߲Ĺ߲֪ʵ
ʼֻԭ֮ĸȻʧ
ȻǼγĸ˥
Ӽǰʼһֻĸȥ֮󣬳Ҳûܵȵκһֻĸĵ
ʵϣмصһֻĸϸ˵Ҳĳĸ
ΪkѹûܵκһöԷĳѣһŷǳصϰֻνĳĸ޷ظȺkһֻһεĳĸ
ʵӼǰʼѾ֮֡
ûгĸζûĸߵȼ塣
ûиߵȼζŵ۹޷ӵһֻͳ˧Ⱥ档
ȺҲս˥ȥεøǴִԷ󡪡Ƿɴ˵Щǿޱȵԭʼ̬壬ԭ֮ĸ֮ǰǵġ塱
£ֻھпʼ˿¡ƻ
ĸʬϵؿ¡ǿ򡭡
ʧܵУɸѡһЩԹӲд
ζ޷ĳѣǻӵһĲ۹ܵģҾ͸ĸһǵҲӵ򶨳ȺȺ
ǱΪĸ
ĸŵļ˾ΨһԿͿЩĸĴڡ
ᰲҲϵļ˾еһԱȻʼ޷ŽŵּҲһԤԡԭ֮ĸսع顣


58 
ʵ, ԭ֮ĸһмصĻԤԵ
ܻټҵģֻǽǺܾúܾԺˡ
Ѿͬг, , ԴĹ, ԭ֮ĸȻ˵, 仰һʵ֡
ᰲҲôġ
ǣ곤վǰ, ֻҲֻáݵĿ¡壬ȴֻԭ֮ĸһ仰ȻһʼΪʲôҪǣǶȥأ

岢óּ¼ȥ, Թԭ֮ĸĵ֮䷢, ʼնһ֮С
ûκһֻ֪ԭΪʲôڶֿŵkû뱣֮£ԭ֮ĸԼǺȻʧ
ںг²⣬ԭ֮ĸġʧӦָԸѡѳᡣ
еĳΪԭ֮ĸڳصսбĳ, õ֤, Ϊֹ֮ĹΧ籩Ŀ䡣
Ȼһֲ²⣬һִ治˸˵Ĳ²⡪
ԭ֮ĸ˳壬˵ká
ھĳʷ, ԭ֮ĸΪȰġĸס, kֹķ, ״ȺȺ֮䲻ݵɱ¾ɣkߴȺ乲Լҵǧá
kóһֻ磬ͼŰӵԼĸ߼塣
Ȼ
һЩصģûпԴļУ˵Щǳ򱥺ʹдµľʫУȴᵽԭ֮ĸΪ֪һ档
ԭ֮ĸδԼ۳ǷӦĵ
kҲԲκһֻá
kԼĳѳԼǰڵk۳ǼʱתЩȵĳѣôԭ֮ĸ˺ѿǣҽȫûгεĳɡ
kĳЩΪȰġĸס
ĳЩ桭kȴ粻̶ı
һЩ¼ԭ֮ĸͬڵĸߵ
һ˵ļ¼Уλ߳ĸšͬڶŵ۾ǱƵľҵkԼҲŹŹֵɫĳʹǣλĸƫë⻬壬ϸûκʵüֵǰ֫۾ԼҪ£ͷǰͬʱҪͷλõëΪװΡ
ΪӭϳĸֹŹְãٶʼŽ̬óֳֹŹֵĸĳ谮
ӵռ䣬¾Ҳ֪ܾԺϵĩ˵һɫϣһϳĸ֡
ࡣ

Ȼԭ֮ĸԼȺ˵һֱΪǾԵа˵ԭ֮ĸĸϲơࡱǳ壬kҲΪ壬ΪڵkڵǸʱΣϵҪֻһȺҽеĳëֱӡ
Ȼ֮ĹƮɢĲк֣ЩҲĸŸ߲޷еԻᰲҲǸʱѡ뿪š
һԤԣԼķ˥ܵĳ塣
޹֮ڣ˾ᰲİ
ǵģԭ֮ĸսع飬Ƚ֮ǰԵkҳֿᰲ˵ΪĻӦ
˶٣ȻΪõҲڵk֮ǰkչܺ塣
Ŷ
Ĵǻ˻Σ̧ᰲһۡ
ҪһЩۡ
ᰲ˵
۾Ѿṩ㹻ĳ֧ķ
֪˵ʲôҪĸͲûõĸճᰲαĻػҪġۡ

ն˵ɫǰδеѿ
۵׵ĺȦһ㿪ʼۿϲ䶯ӡ
̬Ϊŭ
ᰲ˾ûʸҪκʥ֭һǸǰ֭ȴ׵˷˳ĸ˵棬ֻᰲ¶Լľ׽ˣҪΪҲ֪ҪʲôҪֻҵ͵ȵʧƷѾȫ˶㡮ĸסϣֻʣα㾹ȻҼҪĸΪְ׳ղۣѾˣ

ĸǻ۵ġ
Ȼͨĳѻ߳Զܵõ֭ģЩνġĸۡĸճ³´лйһЩŸָĴлҺ
Ҫ
⸱׵ģᰲ⡣
ȴܼᶨ
ǴҵʱΪʲôúÿԼǱ̬ұµ֮ѾתĶʷ򣬼ԭ֮ĸڴˣĿ⸱ģҲֻе񡣡ᰲһ˵һȥԶƷĹǸļģ޷̱۳ĸṩ̼ôԼˣҲһֻ۳棬ӵйȨʸġ
һؿƿΨһҪֻһۡĸܵǿ۳ġ̼ڳ֭
ᰲûü˵ԼǾ仰ͱĴʹˡ
ᰲ£벻Ҫɱ㡣
յᰲ˵
ȥɥƣĺȦѻָԭʼΣϸ쳣鲼綾Ƭ
һжĴᰲıֻҪ΢ɵشıףıС
ᰲϸֳ˴ɫơ
һֱܣеʥΣյʱܻ¶Ŀ԰ơ
Ȼֿͽ˵ûκá
ȻᰲԶԶΪԱ󣬵ʱʵΪĸŸ߼˾ɱᰲõ̫صĳͷ
񵱳÷ɪ˹ڰһ
ĵȼԶԶس˾Ƕԭ֮ĸӵйȵ֮ģɺ֮ȷʵʸΪġڳߵȼŰɱԼȼ͵ĳԭ쾭顣
Ҫ˵ᰲ˵ֻȷʵһصð
£Ҫĸʥ֭Щĸ̼ĸ۳Ҳ֮ɱϾĸѹûκǣҲǳĸĿ¡壬δٻԶС̼ҲǲЩ۳ʬ壬ҲᱻιĸԲĸ֭ķѵ֡
ڲĸڳ֪УĸڲΪӵº
޿ɾҩ
õĳĬ󣬡޹ﴫ˴˾ɬ
֮ǰϮ˲԰ֵĿ˹ɵľ󲿷塣
ȻҲͬλαӣҿΪӦþ޿ɾҩɡ
ɤָ֮ǰģǻ
Ķ벢ûдᰲƿ
˾ϵ˸һֱΪΪԵʶ˳˯Ǿڲ֮ǰҷѾ˽Ӽס
ݴ˾ڷְ𽥿ʼӼʱ顣ǲӲʵӼǣҪӯ
ΪԼѾʧˡ
ķôྫõİʼնֻһֻ޴ģ־ľ޴棬ޱǿҲ޷һֻ覴Ʒʵ
һԻӼ̬Ϊɳ棬һоͶһˡ
һֻģԭʼ̬ѷɵĳɳ档
оᾧҲϣ
ҲõĲӻҲþزϿ¡ֱ¡ִＫޣһŻιĿҹ
ǣϾԵȱݣڽӼ֮ȴʼûκζᰲĪ󲻰ʮԼΪʲôҪôܵķƣڻӸϵ̫죬ðûȫԵ˹ԵһֻϼͿð˳𻯣ᰲںøĳȥ
ֻϧһжˣӼ֮ȫطӼ֮УΨһԸṩģĸڵ֭
֪Ҹղ˵һЩǳʵĻңֻҪóøǿʢҲϣԭ֮ĸعʱֻһȺӵ¼ӵƶɣ
ᰲһŬȰ˵ǰλɺ֮
Ϊ߼˾ڴʱĴǳϣӵжԡĸסľԼȨ뿪ĵᰲûа취Խõֻĸ
ԼǳϵĴ˽ţ޷õֻĸݰԼķɴʵϣܹŷ͵õһֻĸ˾Լû뵽
ȻҲ֡ס̲סҪõࡣ
֪⣬ȷʵ޷סԼ̰
ֻһ㡭
롣
ֻһ㰬ͽΪΪ档
ûа취ϣ
ȻᰲĿĻӦǾ仰
ޱ˵
Ҫ˵һҲκһֻ۳濿ĸסҲǵ̰ĵฺ˵òȷҿһַʽ㳹ġ
˵ֱһ̴̴ΪĸסĶӲ͡
Ĭһ֮ᰲѹԼĴǲ΢΢
ԭ֮ĸľԶ㣬ʹ˵ԸķԸҶ֮ǰʾǸ⡣
һ󱳵ıȴδȥ
ֱһ򷢳˺Ƶĵĸסأ
ᰲûκλӦ
Ȼģֻ֪ǵĻο¡ͲܶѶϢκλӦ
ǼӺȴȻɥ졣
Ŷðɡ
Ŷ뱻ˡ
ڸղ˵ʱֻĸպͣûκʣ˻ĳ˯ճȻŲͬ塣Źᰲ
ӦõλߵĴ˾ȫʧȥһʼڡԱǰ뿪ʱҶ١
ؿıӰʧ˽⣬Ȼæػָ̬ΪΣԭ֮ĸеõģ
Ҿııĸס
һһǰ˱֮ϡ
ƺڿڲĹȻɱ˫ͫȻѾԽʵڵ˸õı˶ˡ
ĺǡĸסʲôʱŻأ
૵
Ѿٻ˴˴
ΪʲôΪʲôټأ
̾ϢţȻϸһȦΧȷԼ֪ΧѾȫûκںǳСĵ̧
ӡһöӵ£ΪȺӡǲһֻ֪ģԭ֮ĸĶض衣
ǳǳСĵԼϵıǡ
ЩӶɬĺۼԭ֮ĸ

ҽԶģΨһڳ֮ĸ
*

ڸʮAĳλ˹¹ʵĵùĸףֻĳ巢һ
ΪֱֻӴյϣȻͿʼƴĲȥǶֱָ֡
Ҫֹÿ죬ԷͰָڿ˱ˡ
ֻ֪桪ƺе鷳ȻԼָͽСһڡɣ֪֮һڡԼûκζ⣬һ뵽֮ǰеø֨ιͷ־ðһ亹
ؿ˿ΧҺãռؿ㣬ĲԱûвߵСС⡣Ȼ־׳ŵӣֱӡϮһֻСʱ塣
ġһڡͷ
ֽͰ͵˵룬ԡԺ󶼲ԴԱ
̫һڡûԼ˵ĻҲ֪ǷΪףԼȺСֱһڡз壬ʶ΢ֶܸܵԷǻ߿ȴѡ˼
ĿǰЩ屾ƺҲһЩ
ͱ˵һڡͷ֮󣬷ؿˡ
ֺǰζţȻеѾΪĵˡ
ԥҪҪȡǿƴʩȥʱһڡȴǺȻͨʲôһһ´ֵϻȥ
͵굽Уһҧס֮ǰͷķףȻһͷҺ´ӳ˳
ֱЬСһ㣬ǰֺ΢΢ζԴһȦ۾þˣޱڴ֡
ջǰԡ
ڲáһڡ˼Ը֪ˣֺֻ壬ֻԼЩĻƶƴճɡҿҿҡַ
Ƭ̺վ֮ǰ꣬ȻͷЦһ¡
Ҳһ̣ԭ겻壬˲Ͱ
ǵ۾ڷյĳ𣬿ԭ΢˼ȴһ˲㼯ӿ֮ӿ֡
ÿġ
ġ

Ϊĸסһ̶ݵãе嶼˴Ļ֮С
ûκκôҲûκϵǣֻҪĸסˣǱҲޱȿġ
ǳΪ衱ĸо
ôãֻǵһξãڡĸһƺҲȫȻĸ
ԡ
Ƭ̺Ц⣬ӹҺףȻġһڡͷ
һڡ˲ſ˿׾岢ֺ֪óĸֻǱܵĸסҫԼĳȻΪһֻճСʱ壬ΨһĳҲһڳúܺõˡ
ʱʱأͻᱥڴſԼǼϸСľ׽ݸĸס
ô̵ʱڱѾ˺ܴŵľ׽ݣ
֮һԳΪǿã
˿ԷһССʵ˼Ļžɡ
ôһֺ̣͡һڡ֮տֱܰһӰȻ£׺ݶǿԭʼ̬׳ſ죬ֱӳֺֻҧ˹ȥ
һţȵȡ
æҵذסȻĺôŵȶˡ
һڡڻ²ûˣȻΪ¼ĸ壬һŵ֮ȫԭ
ֿԸܵ˿̾޴Ŀ־壬޷ǶѾųˣΪɶһڡܶԺʵʵϽ㵽ȥҪ첲ϣҪͷ֫أ
ֵһֻ첲ѾҪҲסһųˡ
ó溢⼸ǲǳˣ
ͷԺʱһǿҵ˼Ҳ˹
ιʳ
ôСĸ塭ءұǿö࡭ȴιʳ
ֻСֵ˼
Ȼתͷžֵط֣֪ʲôʱֻҲ˹
ԭʼ̬̬ڶвۣǣʱ˳ֵķ
ȻȺ溢Ȼ޷ִʱǵġ
һ¡
軹

ôĶ

ֻСֿĻǴѾֵһ÷һ߿޵ôˡ


59 
ֵ걻Χ׷½, ϽСݣں򹤱ϰвºʱûоôмܹ
Сǵίܾǳˮһ㳯ӿ, ĵ˼㡣
ֻĴҲͰ, ǺܼʣܲģǿԸܵԷӹɵϢ, ±ϲұ˱Ӧǵĳ, Щ׳Ȼѭԭʼ
Ȼĳĸ, ܳĺҲơġСĳλ˰ֳĸ޽Ƶ簮ȴЩصӵǰδеķḻС
ҲΪ, 溢Ƿ־ȻԽԼ, ԡһȺС, ª, ޴, ڸ涼Զǵ, ̬ױˡ
޴ʶںǵġ, ׾Ҫһ³̣ĳȻЧ΢Ż˵ġһڡһֱϲԽǿһڡԽҪԵȻǵĳԳΪ̾ͱֹˡ
Ȼ, ͱøˡ
ںǵ, ֡ϲֳֻӡ
ǾȻֻ棿
衭
ǲϲϲ𣿡
ϲֳ棬ϲݳ𣿡
, ǻŬ֡ǡûа취ء

һŵ, ˡ
֣, ιֻҵĹҲû˵ϲֳɣ
һڡﶯ⻰˲佩ˡ
ԭѾŴ壬ֵĻش¶̧ͷһȦ۶ֵ
֨
һ˲䣬޵ĻƾȻȥ
ۿһֻʰ쵵Ĵֱӱ˻Ұ׵ġ
թƭʦҲûиôЭӹϵɣ
һ˿µԴףͷ綷
ȻΣֻҧŬԼʱżβϿӹЩΰԼСġ
ҪѧУȫУϢ˵ʲôͬѧˡ̡ȻͿԿһ⣬ȫѪĴ׳ףԼĸףٴĸӹֻ̣϶ʱޱҸЦݣڳϲã裬ðң
֣
ȻҲûѧУ㲥Ҳûл̣ΨһģѧŹһĻ
ֵͷһӲģѾϸϸۼ׵ϣһס
ˣҲԣˡ
еεسһ˵
ϲģԶֻǰ
˵
֮ǰߴߴĲһ˲ʹסˡ
ͬ޻ʲ۾ģͷĴǶȻֱ֣ѹûзӦʲô
һһŲСصͷȻ󽫶ͷԼǰ֫ؽڴ˲䡣
ַͨʽһǰ֫ϵĸ֪ëز׽˸ղ׵ʱϢ
裬Լ
ίѹ˲ʧһŵֻʣ⣬ǿҵĿ֡
軹ϲģ

ֹ۲һţֻ˺ô˲俪͵͵һ
Ǻˡ
̧ͷʱָоԼߵļֻС̵Ϣǿˡ
ţšţȻи֫ðͷġһڡ
ÿһֻóڴ
ֵһУЩôôأһˡ
ҵæ編ƣг̶ͷϸһڣžǰͷϽͷöĸƣķܡ
˺ˣ
⼸ֻܹļͥйĦǴܴĳЩͬƣεĸ׿Ƶİ˺ˣϲˣҵꡣ˺ˣԵ̡ѷ꣡

Ȼ˿̵ֻ֪ԼЩ溢ӣٳβ˵ǶʵѾʹˡ
ֻϽѼ̺컨塣
С侲֮ǺģΨһСڻص컨֮ǰһŷǳִŵ׷šһڡ˺һֱ԰ִֺֻǿиϻڵһŲŷ
̧ǰֱ֫һѸĸӡ
һڡͷһȦһŵӡ
ڱһŸϻسԺֻڵȼѹ±Ӧ˳壬ȴηһ㣬ԹԵ̽ͷȻΪѾ·һڡֻɵؽ˸Ӻ棬һԲĳѾѹñˡ
֨֨֨衭
УһЩǳ
뱻

һܹԵġ
Ŭúǿ׳
Լ־ȻԸоССʲϴѾ˼㡣
ֱּǱͷܵ뿪ˡһڡڵ
Ȼĳֻұֳӵ£ִĸӡ
־ͷ֣ԭͷǳɵͻȻ֮ƺøˣÿһֻӶڽ߾ȫرֳԼĹɿɰеҪȡԼôֳסҸӣŬԼͷſ÷ָιʳ
ڱĳ൱ѳΣյĹȫǷ˶һļ򵥻ȻŬƽͣŶĹ̬ڸιʳȻѹը
Ͼǰֺÿһֻڴ컨ϣԼòġھ۾м๤Լġ衱Ⱥκһ˿Ĺذ
ιιԼʼθʹˣòףιʳѾӽβ
겻֪ԼķԵѰ㶨ʱȴһſ־ļС
Ⱦҡ
һȻʶسŲҽķ˹ȥ
ȴûע⵽ڹĳ忴ȥȴĮû̧ͷΪڷʵ̫ˡ
ûȥںһͬ
ȻֺܿҲʶԼçײ
һָһȫһȻϣǱ֣ϣֵ֮ıӻȷʵļܳĳЩ΢Ŵ
Ѿܽӽ׳ˣǲཱུ棬Ѿ𽥳˳֫͸ӼӲǡ
һЩѾʼεת䡣
ЩԲĳϣǶŲҰ׵ӤƵͷ­ЩӤͷתòȫΪſʱֿؿֿµĿԼϸܵľ׽ݡ
Ѿ׶ε壬ιѶȻǳɱӵġǣһƬȴһֻۿɼĳ塣
ðɣֱֻϻƵģϾǸҰ183ߵĲп硣Ȼʱȣֻϰ꣬°ȴ֩ĳ壬ȥȷʵġ
ңȥƺе졣
ָϵʱÿ֩ŵڵϣϵɼǵҧۣɫѪҺʡĲװҲ㵹ιͷŵĵѾˣ˿ڴ˸΢СĻ𻨡
һֻʧȥƵ̽壬ķǯӺݺݿĲϣֻһҪĺмֻſڳϣ˲ɱԷæֱӿԡ
ʹ֮£ûκηֻ֮ŬסԼҪȻ󷢳ĺ
ûеõܿᱻ⼸ֻȥӴֱӻسԵҲһ̣ޱʶе嶼ǿɰġ
ڿǼֻʱ̲סüͷ
֡
Ϊ֮˼ģΪ̫ףȻ⼸ֻԵʱ壬˼ȴԼֻСʱͬɢҡ
Ѿظ֪ǵġʶԼȺ汦ʱ־ԼǱһȺë׵ģ۾ĤδȥСèΧ
ЩϣָܵģȴǴҰ̰Ѫ
·ϳ˲Ͻʳ֮ûκҪ⡣
ЩֻһеĿ
ƮһָеⲻϢһɹģѬ˵ζ
ֵͷһĵ棬Ϊ걻Ϯʱ˲豸ӪҺ˳ᵽϢӦþӪҺζ
š
Ż
Ψһĸ롣
ЩӪҺ뵽˹ʼǰӹְܵɫĸۣ嵽˾ŵζֻζѾϡ౶ɼζָеǳġ
ҲΪЩմѬ˵ĶζֻǱԭַԼϲ⼸ֻ塣
⼸ֻڵһʱ㷢ֵĿ
ιȻͣԼĻ́ϰתͷרעض֡
ԡԵ
⼸ֻڿֺ˼Ҳɻҡ
̰Ұ˼Ҳȣ̲סüͷ
ʵϣ⼸ֻ壬ֲûио̫Ŀ־壬ֻǵؾò̫ϲ
ĺӡ˼ǣܾó岻Ӧġ
ôҰ̰˼άң·һȺ̬ģӻĵͼ
ͣ¡
Ǽֻ巢ָ
˻˻
ǼֻСӷ˳Ҳ˵ȫٹǼֻԭѾ˵Ѿͣ˽
Ҳûзſѵ֩ꡣ
ĳֱʹǰֻС塱ķԸĳָǿļȴڲϵŤԭ˼ά
ɡ
ɱ¾
ɵһС

ͷԿհ׵ΪڸӵҶԭء
üеԥҪҪɴСйһǵƺţʱ̫ڡǼȥֻС֩òɡ
ԥĵڣԭڵϿȥ쳣˥֩ͣ˰
һ룬ԭһϢһԾȻץֱѶѵιͷһѴԼϵĳۿ֮С
ꡪ
ŻҰɫҺɢֻ˲ͱһ⡣
šĳ˦Լ壬ԭοԼϵֻҲڵأת˲ֻ㱻ĳ֫˸ؿںͷ­
ǾԻ۾֡
۾˸һ£һ룬Ǳ㳹ȥˡ
ֱЩ֮֩Ǳһ£ֻȻڵء
ԭվ˺һŻع
̽ԵǰȥȻסڷ֩ꡣ
Ѿϳˣһ쵽ʱֻò֪ʳǷҪŲ̻ʵذһس֫ԵС֩롣
û뵽Է
㡭㻹𣿡
СʵŬԼҪȥɢһصк
Ϊһ࣬Ӧöκһֻ飬ǡ
žΪղιЩɿɰ壬ιһɣʱȻȥ壬ַԼȻЩ̫
Ȼ㲻ֻԺͣһ˲ʧˡ
֩꣬ٻһŵġ
Ͼʵ̫ˣԶ֪ԼӴĳһʲôеĳ˺뾡һа취ԵԼֱߵĸ޲˿ڣҲеĳᡭ
ллл㡣
Щ壬ᱧԼǲûʲôõġˡܾȵŮһ۴޳
ллأΪء
֩ȰסˣǼϵȷʵʵĺܻɣԷʵԼɾ裬ȻһڳԼ
ʵҸ͡
ֺ˵ԼûʲôϾֻ֩Լ㶨ġ
֩Ȼôõġ
*
Сʱ󣬽˹ֻصҪ黹еĲ豸ͬʱҪϼ˹ݡ
ͬūϹּƣ¼塣ע⵽ٴӷĳ忴ȥǾһҵս
һЩ컹ʮĳ壬ھֻʣ°˿ˡ
һЩ绹ǵĳ壬˹ʱͷѾͺͺһǶûˡ
ָеֵǣȥѾޱ㲵ĵͼ壬ʱľ״̬ȴȰҪࡣ΢΢ʱʱᷢϸС˻һЩɴֱӽԼ̬൱ªĳԭʼ̬
˲ӵڳȺȻӵ˷ֲܸ̫
ЩԻվڴЩܲѵĳ壬ڵԼǲִʲôԼ׳ɵʱһ̴ٵ
ȻֵСС󣬵õ˽
˲䣬Щͬ¡Ծ˵ٶѸٵϵķ𾪵һĻˡ
ЩһԭǱϵӪҺޣȻ̰˺˹ӿڣֱӽͷ̽˽ȥӲʿβڱʱɳɳ׷𣬼ÿһֻ嶼ǶҰһƴŹڲӪҺ塣ǹָеܲζڳĳУƺҲֻеʡԭ쳣¼壬ڴ˿ȫݵ֮С
ѾӪҺ޵ĹޱøɸɾȻǲͣزͣؼζϡ
˼㣬ΪһڵϵӪҺ˺۵ֻҲ᲻ܲ˵سԷ˺ҧ
ҵ£ɫءܿ㷴Ӧ˹¾ǳΪԱĳԱιļأ̫ӪҺ˷ѵĻôʱĹͻӪҺ
ƺĬĳʱЩ۲ĳڲӪҺ
䵱ʳŷŸЩ¼ʪҺȣֿ䵱̷۵ӪҺȷʵǿ̶ֳȣĪؾ
ԣĳ岻ͬ˿ӪҺҺ忰ƷԼҲǾԲȥġĹʣҲ޷Կ಻ʳҰһͷڹᱦӪҺһŵζ;ԼŻˡֱǷĵԵؿζ
ֲźۼˣŬԼǽǡ
²עȫģ첻ԸѾôŬˣȴ˼ֱӪҺҵ
١


60 
, 㡭á
ϸϸֱǹȷġ
һսսתͷ̾ͶֻС֩ġ
ĵȼӦ÷ǳ, Ϊ̬÷ǳ⣬嶼ǳԭ, ͷϸǶ۾רעؿʲô˵ʱ, ʵе˵ġ
С֩ɫҰףƺ֮ǰʱµĲˣ, ؿ˿ĸ첲, ֮ǰԼϿҧƺѾˡ
Ļָǿ, ָп, Ȼ̧ͷȵ˱ëĿ⡣
ôˣ
е㾯ʵ
ллң
С̧첲, źʵӪҺ޵ݵǰ
ȡС˵, Ƭ̺·ҲʶԼĹʵΪ֮ǰÿտյˣֻ濴ȥų, , ͷûжӪҺˡ
ӵײ˵һ涼ûУҪȵĻҲֻƴ֮ǰմӪҺޱϵЩˡ
ִסˡ
Լ𣿡
ŵʵ
Ϊһù, ȫû뵽ԼڳؾȻСӻ֪ͼĳ塣
, ֩浥ְֱӳ嶼е㿴ȥˡ
ʼռǵ֮ǰԷԵ̻ʵ, ôĵһ֫, ȴǳԵʲôζһ쳣㡣뵽֮ǰĹҲֻܱͷĵĿģ, Щͷ
һ֩, ȻǿǿǱ183߸һ㣬ֻǾҪǳӳɡϸ˵֩껹ǷǳһƾΣڳºҵʳɡ
Ҳ
ôͬʱĵ
ȡ
С֩˵úܸɴࡪûһ˵һ߶ŹǵӪҺƴʿˮĻ仰ܻһŶȡ
ȷʵûжӪҺˡ֮ǰڱԵ˷̫౦Һ壬һʵȡ
һ뵽֩·ڼİֻצ򼢶΢΢
ˡ
ֿЦõ˵ȻȡԼϵӪҺС֩롣
㻹ԺҵһޣţĺҪĻҲúֶ
˵
ң֩겻ŵ˰˿ź۾ؿ֣˼飬κ̲ס̧ԼƺڻԼΡ
ţĸ㣬Ȱɡ
ֱּĿȥˣࡣ
ôôð
С֩ø֫ӪҺޣ۾΢΢ʪʼˡ
鲻Խǰһ˸첲һסֵ֡
Һϲ㣡
ϲ


ڴĹܿģг忴·ֻȵ¼壬һЦ
ǼһﾹȻšȵȣô
ɺ֮Ƥ˰ֻ֩΢΢̸̧̧֣ǰڿ֩ҲƬ̡
ǡ
ǼһﲻӦʵǱŪļһΪʲôҵĹȺ
ͷ׷ʵ
Ȼ׷С֩Ĵڣûע⵽ԼĿʼնͣǱ԰׸첲ס۳ϡһ΢Ĳˬ̬ȶӡ
ǵģʵǱسɹöԭʼ̬ߣֻʵ嶼ȱݡƽ˵һֻǳǿ󣬵ǾزȶԹûзԣ޷ϢӦʣµľǱ117ȶȼ񣬶ҷԺܸߣԸºͣĵȼȴȫӵ䣬ûκμļֵ
ԣΪʲôӵʵⲻӦ𣿡
˼ʵ
ص㿪˹ԣΪȱ棬¡
ָָϵЩݣǳֳͷɴԭͷǳĹ棬֮ǰֵĸ÷ɴϵĹ洢ʣ޼
ʵǱҪһЩʵãֻʵΪûκΣԣҲŰ˹
Щػζһ´롣
ȻӵƷӵƷ
Ľͣɫ
ĿתƵ117ϣûо𻯵׳濴ȥֱŻ֪ܣƺҲôߵӣ֪Լôӵȣȴ֪ǿѰӻһֻͬӵȵ۳
ֻǿĳҲ쳣ꡣ
Ȼȼǳӣ׼ȷֻ֩ϲ׽ˡ顱Ⱥ
ֻʧƷôҲӦһܰɣ
ȴûڱ117Ͽһ˿һ顱ӦеСʡ
Ϊʲôֶһ𣿡
ΪԼ˾ĵѹ֡Բֺദĸߵȼ壬ʱֻɺ֮һ˯ɢģĺϿԵĽ֮顣
Ƚ֮£ֱ²ۣΪһʾ䡣
̿ʼ¼󼱼ææؽ͵ˣ117ʵ빤֮ϵУΪڹص幥Ա¼ʱ117ЩɥȺʩԮ֣߹ϵ˶÷ǳС
һĹ󣬻Զ˲ÿһճ117ŵĹʧֻ壬Ϊòͣ־ȻҲ¼ڰ
߹ϵе׷Դɫȴû˿ת
֣Լ117Ŵּϵĸ첲ԽԽǾֻСʵⰭۣһֻʵ忿Լ֣Ǵķ
117ţһֻ۳澹ȻܰˣЦһ˵ţһѶĹԿǳС¹ʵб档ȻͿֵĹ¼
΢΢۾ܿһĨȡ
Ϊ۳ɲ񣬿ڹʾݳ׻Ĳ룺ָ履ȷǳߣȶڷɿطҪǣڶоȻûһֻӻ
лкܸ߱չֳ˾˵ĿԳɳΪ߼ĸǱ
ֱ·Ĺ¼
ȻͱӻûУڷϺȻ˳˹
ӣ͸һأ۳һ̶ȵ׺á
죬̲ס˵
Ȼ̧ͷɺ˫Խֱض׼
ϲֻ۳棿
ʼƺЩ֣ڼظֻ޴۳˵ûӸղһֱؿڵķƸȻ͡
ĪģķǳһֱʵʵڿܸɵһֻСС۳Եͷתӡ
Ȼڽ֮ǰѹûںԼ
ôأҴû۳ġ
ز˾ԼԼɱ˲ŵֻ涼ˡ
ƫƫʱȻֿ¶һĨŹֵЦݡ
Ҳԣģ³ĸ֭ĳӡȷʵأ㿴еʱҲϲ۳档
Ǿ仰һ˲Ȼֻܿùĺڳɺ֮ǼΪĹ񱡣
ǵùļһ
̲סĵ̾һѾӹ˷ϺϮ¹ʣɿ⸱ҧŵӣֻùС¶ջء

Ӻһ±Ƶֱ˽˰칫
칫ߺܰװȴһĵ̺ȥ·֮УģƵ֯һֱӰд˵档
һſα˷ڷģȻ˵ʽƷȫһȴǲġܵ˵ȫǰ칫ҵİ칫￴ɢͷĺȦʱܾöԷѹͲʲôĹԱĳɶġ
ɺ֮ʱѾѵԼһƷһģѪɫĳۡ
ڶԴŵʱüҡ
֡¶
߶
ǺأҶΪȺѾˡ
ֳĬûд
ǰĹԱ۴ĸеֵֹġ
ùİ˰ƴ˼һԼô붼벻Լ˲鷳ǵģ鷳ڱֵûͦͰ׵ģ־ǺȷԼ鷳
Ҫַ֪°ʱ䵽ˣʵλ΢¼ǿдϰ˽˰칫ңȴҲԲʲô¡
͸ˡ
ҲǺںֵĲϣԹԵؼ˵֪ڴУ¶һģ³ĸģµõ塣ԣôСǲųɹعƻѪȺ䣬ȺԭҳϵԵͷתȫΪߵȼϡ
۾ڰ΢΢⣬ɫѾһֹİɫ
Ҹеܺ档˵ҿļ¼÷ɪ˹Ѫᣬ˹԰֣Լϣ԰֡룬Ŷˣаʥߡ
ƺǳǳǳϲ㡣
ԭֻҪ֣Ȼ˵˵ţԼȴĪʼĳİС
Ҳϲ㡭ˣֻʧܵʵ峹ΪˣҵҲкøС
֣
ʵ˭
Ա˭
⵽ô£
ǸĲ̫˼
еŵصһֻ֪ô򲻴ùвӣһԼľѻߵĽС
Ȼ˵һΣվϰԵ뺰溢ǰæ̫ܲãԴ˾־Լʵûʲôİ취
ʱվ
һһ֣ɳҵͳҺܺ㵽ôġʾҿɣС¶㹻õĻ˵һһ㡣
ƺʲô֮У֣Ŀȴǳɢá
ܺãҪٻôˡ
ֱĳԳԵЦŵúëLˣһ㺰ǾȻ󣬾ͿİӰȻһֻһֻ۾
ԣǲ۾
ֶӲؿЩ˸Ź΢ġ۾һҲܶ
⵱ȻΪܾȣǡȷʵ޷ˣԼĿȨ֪ʲôʱѾȫߣ޷Լ۾
ҪֵúһŶ
ʱѾȫָ̧֣֡Ȼ󣬶΢΢һ١
ţ
¶ϣһֻ۳Ϣָ⴫ƵľʹҰ׵ָ˶𽥱й̵ĳ֫
һֻǿĳأ¹ϵġˡϣϢؼֱ÷裬ԼҲûַŭԴԺδ
˵ײ㴬һֻǳǿ˳塭˰ɣ
˵ȫϢϵв֮⣬ɴóֵ֫
ͬŪմżһ㣬ŪֽӲ塣
ҲʱֲޱȾŵط֣ȻһԾ޴ġ޴󵽿µĳ
Щͣգ۵ľ޴۾ϵİơ
˵ʱ۳ͻϸܵģԲ۷۶ʱϸѩ׷¡
˸ϸСͬʯмʹâ

ǣҲܿ¡
Щ۷ۣжġ
̤䷿ʱЩ۷۾Ʈڷĸ
һǿҵĲԤ˲ӿͷʶﲻϵغԼĺӡ
𿿽
ŶԵķޱȽľĲֵ壬ʶ
˿µĶᣬƾǼֻ溢ӸͲܴӮ
ζҪǡ
衭衣
¡¡

ĻӦӲԶ
СŷޱĻӦ
ÿһֻ׳մЩ綾۷ۣΪ׳ǣԵʱҪöࡣ
Ҳûκһ̷ֻԿԡ
ҪܶˣҧԼһڡֻҪܸоʹͳʹƴŲ峯ķȥ
Ļ
Ҳǣϲġϲĺӡ
ΪӣӦŬŶԡ
Ϊϲˣ

ͬʱ
ʮǳֳ-11ʵҡ

һƿնһӰȻӿ£ֱشԼ·ڡ
˻˻˻˻˻˻
ĸƵӸߴ׵Ӵĺٵش
һֻ൱µĳ壬ʮֻΣҶʹʹ̼ǳС
Ǵʱı͸ѾϣֱӸ඼ѾкһҪ˵ڶ·γҲȫûԼܵˣԼڴֱײ׷ŭĳ塣
ó
ϣüһ£пֻʵĲӣ΢ķֱӵƬ
Ȼŭļб˶϶֮Ǹ׺ݵķھ޴ײ£ĵ涼ʼ
ȥΪΣȻΪߵϣȴûһ˿顣
Ǽ¼𣿡
˵ԼĶϣĮѯʵ
죬ˣϣˣӦĳŻŵ˵ûʶԼϣѾ˶Դߵȼеġˡƺ
ʵ116Ŷ˺ܶȼ¼ֻһˣֱӸβԼ֫ù۲֮
֪ˡϣ˵Ҫһ£и֫ļǮ
һͷʵҳԱԥشӦ
Ͼϣ֮ǰûһֻĺ¡
ֵֻģǾѾҪʧصı116Ա˳ңϣȻǿشԷһйǵޱ꾡ؼ¼ʵʱļݡ


61 
ܷ
ϣЩָ, 
ʵһжڰռƻУǸļһϣͽҷɴ֮ǰ趨ǸνļƻܿչֳԼʵЩΪһеĹȺϲϣֺޱ, ǿ󣬲ط¼˳ġ
µûܿͻļΪʽȺԱ, 뿴еļһӦǲ԰֣ԴӲ԰ֵ֮ǾͷǳҪǿȷ档ίӦҲ취ӴȻͥȻ, ǲǣʥһ뷽跨Ū, ᰲɾԲļƷȺ, ǰɱ˵ɳ, Ҳ϶øıȷܱιϿС
ʱ߶߶˵˺ܾá
ϣֻĮȻš
ʵһжӣΪʥߵĳԱϣͿֱҵᰲԼԼǸ, Եõʵľ꣬Ȼɵֻϳ桱
Ȼԭ򵥵ļƻȴϣе˷ʱ䡭ҷǳȤ
ʱͻ
ԭȥѾǳ116, ȻչԼ֩һ壬̶̼, Ѿ˿˸˿ڡ
üȫ͸ĳ˿, 116ֱڵ˰, ̹ͬ˰Ȼжȴ쳣ӯ١
116ȻſϣҺǽӴЩҺĵطǴĵذǽڶˆȻڸʴðһݡ
Ȼӵж٣
ǰһĻֱù۲촰һʵԱˡξ޴ݣ߷߶ԣ뵽116֮ǰԼӵжٵΪֻʵӵиǻۡ
ԭʼ̬ȡĳߣڷ󡭡Ȼ˿
ֱѾȺִȫ֪
ϣӦóŲȥɣ׼úȼƻ
ʵҹԱŴеֻ壬˾ʧķԸ
ѹͲ116ִĹǰϣ˳ܹһ˻߳
Ȼһ룬﷢鳹׵߸˹Աʵ֪
116ſȥϣչɱ¾ʱϣչԼѪᡣ
ĮĳȻֻ֩롱
ϣٶȿ쵽޷׽ȱǹĹұ鲼ëβȻǱ鲼Ӳ׿ǵĴ׳֫
ŴѪҺһ԰£ĶٺܿͰѴĵܳһС鹾๾ðݵĶӡ
ĮȶųͣڰգڸղŵսжñԼ˺һѿڣͬ¹㾧ӨȥЩػ֮Ĺ
𣿡
ϣתͷѾ״͵ЩʵԱͷ˵
ҲʱʵԱǲŷ֣ϣﻹ116ŵĲӣʵϰܿƵزţڰ֮С
ղǵҪʲôţȷʵҪϣеʵβͺ֫š
ʵԱޱȾʶԭڸղ֮£ϣȻǵЩҪ
⵽һֻĳ壿
һ̣ڳģӵи߼ݵĳ壬ڿϣֻλµ˳ʱش˿־;ηһЩ巢֣ϣüͷǵʱԼԼȻֶ丩׳Ƴĳ嶯
˵֮ǰֻǾϣǳǿҲǳãôϣЩĸоеӽߵȼݰʱĿֲСȻͬǳ壬ǣڸ֪ϺѾȫͬһˡ
־ԵѹƸУֱǾʧ롣
ҲΪܱյĴ´򿪣ʵҹԱڳϣʱչֳĺֺãֱûвһˮ֡
ȻĿǰȻڵλѹϣһļϣµǿߺֱܻܿӳΪߴȺеĸ߼Ա
ȻԱޱĹԱϣɫȴƽ
üͷʵԱ߽ȥ116ţֻʵһϢˣĻ£ЩʵԱ116ʱһٴŵðӡ
Щ˾žģôһ̣ϣЩĵļһˣΪȷʵû116ϸܵʲôֵþϢ
˵αĴ񣬱֮ǰЩСѶȺһЩ
ʵԱʱʱҪһЩҪ󣬶ЩҪ󶼸ͣϣȫԲѴ֮һԾͰѶԷֱӴﲻ˾ܾӰͣҪʮԺſṩͼӰѽͨѣϣҲûоܾЩĳͣϾҪֻ¶Ӹ濴ȷʵǳ
ҶԷ֮ǰƺǳ߲㣬ϣ΢زϣ̫ܵ
ȻϣԲΪԼǱһֻռС۳ͷԣԼᱻ۳ȥĸо˶ѡ
ޱĮشӹȵʵҹԱг˹ԣһһȷԼġӰѡܺãӵһߵȼӳ˽ҵĸߵȲշһΪúȶصݳӪҺ׸պñȽƯûսܣ·
ϣб嵥һʱͫ΢΢˸
˴ݳӪҺ󣬹Զṩ˷ƷѡҪжѡһ
ѡһϡʯƳɵר̬ʱʹõ˵ҡεʱԷǳʺϳö
ѡһרݳƷƵӲʳǡ
ϣѪڻڻζһ¡
š
ĮǿѪʵгŵɪɪ嶢ѡ˳Ĭ
һԵĹԱľսضŹԣ޴Ʒѡʹȥ֮ʱһôͻ״
ȡȾ
һֱΪԸ꣬Թǿ޷н116ţڼϳзֽʱȴȻϸŵ
ʲô
ϣüתͷŷ116ּ˥״̬£ȻĪؿʼε̬
Ѫ֮еİسȥȻһһ룬ֵ̿ꡣ
116ŵİ˿һգգֱϣ
ζıߣ԰ɡȥˣԱˡǶ˵ֻҪǱߵ۳棬
ֱǿҪ޳Ƶģ϶˵
ԭΪԼһʣΪõϣǸϤֺϢȻһ䡣
ֱˣ
һһʵ
116ŴʱȴѾһ̣̬ɢȥǳª³˵ϣͫҰףһ

һߣġ
ĳר־شŽյĹһֻڳӹԺðͷ
ܳѯΪֵĹ䣬ûаʱصǷҪݳѲ򣿡
ڳʵ
ֵֺȻֳһĨЦ
ˣҲÿ˷Դֵ¶˵˽˰칫ȥˡ
Ǿ仰еĳ˲䰲
õġ
ڳɾػӦ
˲̾Ϣ׷ʲô
ɺ֮ϵĸͽھʱڲбĸߵȳ塣ÿһʱ䣬ͻỽһֻ¼Լİ칫ҡ
뿪ʱֻһ߿տյģѱɸɾĿտǡ
Ĺ񱡣û֪ΪʲôҪôеĳ²ַʽԭ֮ĸģҲ˾ֻǵϲζ
ʵϣϣֻɺ֮Լ֪ⲢǵĹ񱣬Ǿ֮³׵ʧء
ĳ塣
͸ߵȼϲһҲԳĸָ鳡
Ϊڲͬĵط˳ɺ֮Ŀ¡塣
ԭ֮ĸ֮ǰûȺ䶮øԼ
ڵk˲ͬȺ֮ЩòԼ֡
һֻɺ֮ԭ֮ĸĳ̥
ȷһ㣬ΪΪ¡壬ǳӵл䡣ЩһֱһЩģĻ棬һЩݼŵƬΡ
ǵáԼαһ˫ֱȻֱصضȥġ
̥Ĥ֮еҰģ޷塰ĸסȴס˫۾
˫˾С
áĸסǰԼģǡĸסȴʼᡣ
ȻҲȫûпֵļģǵһƬΣŬسŲѵġĸס˿޺䣬ֶʱܻȥƴغĸסҲõ˻Ӧ
ֱ۱ţԭ֮ĸ˻
ָŲݾݵڴڵ˱˲ݾн͸֭
Ƕôζ֭Ǳ֭еҸģǡĸסĻ
˫ۻĴıĸסͷһ˲䣬ȥȻִȰġ

̫Ҹˡ
֪ӵйǶμʱ֮ǰǻΪЩԼһС
ϵңκ˶޷ҸС
ӵйĸסİ
ȻΪԡҸκγ嶼Ҫӿԭ֮ĸ
ʵеԭ֮ĸ뿪áҪ»صĸסߣҪһᱻĸסŵĸоڵĳ˵һֳͷβ롣
δӵйôʧȥʱҲôʹɡ
ǣлζֵֿĿԶûУΪ¡壬ںܶ෽涼ģȻĻȱʼ޷ġ޷˯
۶ôƣ룬۶ôʹ࣬ʼն޷˯ȥ
ѾִＫޣĴҲʼջһ뱣žѡڵ˯߲Զʹ֮Сʹ۵ʱֻܾػһֻ۳档
῿ԷŻһسԵԷ
ͿԻع鵽ңԶĹȥ
ȻֻһֻССģճ塣
԰ĵڡĸסĻڴڵ˱֭ԡĸסģİ

ڣ۾𽥿ʼεĿ
ԱĺȦѾˣΪѾǰ׵ػع˳ԭʼֲֻ̬ܴľվԭضõĻóĳͦÿģȱǳĳĳª
ſĿޱм̵๹ܿȥܹεһ⡣
·ĵҲչ¶˳ĹгֳĳֱʯƵĹ⣬͸ĿȴָеëȻ
ֵıʹӦĳ֫צѾֱӴƤϢںڰӡ
ʵ˵Դ˾ȫľܶϻѹһֻʳӣﲻûгƽͷġ
ȻԸоܼж۷£ԼȺƺ
ʵϸ˵ȺСҲûбӪȺ٣һȺСأΪʲôȴôƴҪԼأ
صشϢţԵ˳۽ǲͣš
ԼĲ٣ڼֻôСʱ
Ҳֵĸж죬ֿΪΪһֻ˰ĻѪֵȷʵ̫һƴ£֪ģԭȫľգ۶ѵ徹Ȼָһ
ɼ㡣
ʱ˴ԼһѵԼͱɣ
衭
һĵ
ʼΪԼʶгǵĺΪһ衱ʵڰ̫ĽȻһ룬ǽԼĸߴԱһ߲һ߷ʵڲԹȥ
裬Һ㡭

һֻɲĴӣȴڿźʲôġ
һֱ¾ΨһĻˡ
ַ̫࣬ǳǿ̧֣Ȼ󡭡
Ȼػرס
֪ûϵġ
ûڷľɤӼѵؼһĵִһߴԼǰһֻ˵ĳ̣һŬس¶һ˿ǳЦ
Щ꣬ɣ
þԼеݼŬԼԵôȰһ㣬ͬʱΪ֧Ųסһֱı΢΢
ĸɾĸ
ԭѾҪʼ۳Ѫĸߵȼȫȫؽԭأ̧ͷë״ĴǼٵͷζš
㣬֡㵽ںЩʲô
ŶĲû˿ĳЩ滹ͦбɺ֮ȥȴ÷·һơ
⸱ģֵһطŻؿڡ
գգ۾۽ɲ֮ǰ⣬ֵĿԵͼˡ
ûӣĺܼįɣ
ȡ
ɢ
ŵؿ֣Լڻþ֮С
ϾڻþеĻΪʲôһֻСģԼ̳Ե۳棬ȴԼ¶ޱȴȰı飿
ǻþֻ۳ϢΪʲôԼģļһغ
ΨһĲͬǣеġĸסͲһԼ˵ôʹȰĻ
ңҸ͡
ضԼĳͼһ˿ۿĶֵϣһѽԼ
Уһ۷ڷˣֻôô죿
ֱ֣֮ǰڴ򹤵xpҲ١
ǻе߳ĲʵҸ㽲˼ȻѾܵǰˣǵ߳ʵҲֻʣһƤˡֶ߷·곤Ц˵ķܼ򵥣Ͱ§ؿСһͷˣûܾܾأûˡ
Ȼֵʱζû뵽Լгһջһγһ׾ţγľʹһеġ
Ψһǣλ㴫ڵؾðɣ
ƽһΣԼûúöûʵֽʵĴؼ


62 
ʵ֤, xpĴȷʵûƭ֡
סֵԽԽ󣬿ȴҲûи׳κζʹΪڲԾѾԼצӡһأֻɺָ֮ԭ֮ĸΪϲ̬
Ȼ, ڶʱ, ַָοܸһЩ
ϾһЩεĳ, ַȽ׳Լ߳˵ЩܵĻ, Եģȴһлſã, ˵
衭裿
˫ͫþ, ΢΢鴤ļȥ֢ľˡ
֣
ָɬһҺ
ȻݱĿǰʵԸ
ԭֻǲĳЩxp, Ҫ˳ŶԷĿ΢һ¶Էɱ⡣
ȫû뵽ɴֱӶˡ衱ƺ
ӦҲǣӦĻоƺҲ⡣
ֻӲͷƤ, һ䣺ԡ
ֵգգ۾ֻ۳, ɺ֮۽ǻֳһ˿⡣
ƭӡ
һ룬־ֻǿĸߵȼĵ
˵ֵһ˲䶼㱻ŵͣˡ
Ȼһ־ƭ£ȴûжԻеκιΪ෴, Ȼͷ, Լ׵ֵؿڡ
ٴϮ, ˿˿Ƶؽһֱʹ尾е׺ݳ
ֻҪ۾, ֻеĳȻ͸ģжݵһĻȫغ, 㶼쳣ơ
һ˲˼µã֮С
ԼΪʲôʧ̬ΪʲôȫƲסԼΪǰ׾ӵģ·۳˵Щ󡭡
ƭӡĸסѡѾˡ
ͳִֻﴫ
ţֻԼһءùֳĸ۾ŵؿԼС
Ȼ󡭡˯ˣ
֣

ʮ⡣
ԭͨѾ˾ԵĻУԹһͨ鲼µкӵƺۣķеֱšĿȫǵĽɷɴİϹܵըѣڵεδµҺ
ͣ¡Ҿ㣬߹ϣͣΥΪ
֮ǰʱԵ÷ǳӵΪķѾҪġȫźʵĲڻװףŶ˵൱ǹ
ǵǹ׼һ˻ĳ壬ظһһ顣
յ˵ڵйѵ£γҲ̻̣Ȼ𽥿ϣǵǰ֫ȴڲԾ΢΢
ûκһֻʱ˵ϷԼܵǿҿֲС
εѹǿƹԮĸӿеϣǰĳ嶼ҪԿԼӿĳֱܡ
ϣıܡ
ȻӷѾΪӵľǣȴòԷϼָӡǱҪԿֻΪϣĳ壬ΪֻΪ˳壬ƺѷˡ
Ȼͨ¼嵨ôѾӭߵȼѹӵҲôǱǡ
ϣûҪŪôѿҲΪһֻСС۳ȥɣӵиõѡ񡣡
ʮʵҹԱΡΡضڷӺϣµ
ԴϣչֳԼǿʵѾвٸߵȳȺע⵽ϣĴڣ֪ʱϣѾЩȺߡ£ѹͲ´ﳹϣָ
ҪǣȻϸʮļȨƽȣг嶼ڸʮ㣬Ӧ˵ײ㴬գĹֻһǾɺ֮
ڣ۹Աôͨϵλ˵ĸն˶ǳһȫκλӦ
ʵҹԱֱᡣ
ʱԱһ۾Ϳ컨ϣֻѾǳӽߵȼľϣͼ͵Ϯϣͷûֻ̧ĵ̧֣Ȼ׼ȷסЩĲӣ˦˵ϡ
ûһ飬ҲȫûĹԱȰ˵
Ŀþ֮ĹƮ
ֻǱһۣоڳгսľ޴ѹ
ɺ֮˽˰칫
ܿ죬ϣֱԽȺѹƵñٱķӶԱֱʵҹԱǰ
ؿŹԱʵ
ңҲ֪
ֶǹԱĻӦҲͨܳװɣҡ
ϣ˵
ܷеĳ嶼ɱ¾ɾǵ¶ʱֱɱɾ˳һϣûʶԼľѾ벻̫Ŀ֮Уûз֣¶ڼ
ﲻӣǿԭļ͹Щظ
ϣɫͫ˶ӳϸܵĺѪ˿񾭺ҪȼȻλؿڣȴǱںˮ֮С
ʶһǻǿϣɱг֮ǰҪõܳףȻĻʵ̫ʱˡ¶ɱһֻֻҪ˷ѼӣҲζţֻС۳棬˽˰칫˼ӡ
ϣ޷ʱ˿ʲô
ϣҪʵҹԱʶҪܾǡԼϣǰκηܻƭԷ
ܿƵأԱӵشԼͳߵȼͨܳ׽ϣ
ȻʶһƬģ
¡
ΪɢǿϢԱظغȻأ˹ȥ
ϣȫûֻλԼ̫ĳƽץܳףȻͳȾͷȥ⿴˾ʱȥ侲
ʵϡ
ʵϣԼѾȫ޷˼ˡ
ֱߵһ˲䣬ͺĳֵ״̬С
衭ȡ衭
衭

֪Ӻζĺü˼Ȼʶڤڤ֮Уϣִ֪̾ʱΣ֮С
һԭʼģǱڻı˲䱻
ҪܾúϣŻᷴӦԭʱΪáĻܾѾ˳
ǳ泲֮Уÿһֻڵ֮ͱְ𡪡ϧһУԶĸסҽпвĸסﳹ
ǡ
ǡ

أͨеĲĽŲ˼Ӳĳ֫ڽϵļ
ͫĳѻָ˿µĳΣֻһƬɭȻɱ⡣
ɺ֮˽ʱǰһʵȴдˡ
һϸӰҰ֮С
ϣȻͣ˽Ų
ذһȫװźŷ۳ĸ첲ϣĵس߹
ϸһ㳱죬ɢ߶ϡϣϸƵ΢˸
ȥͺҹ˾󱻱뿪̨
Ȼֵϣֻ۳涼ͣ˽Ų

̧ͷ˴ʱϣ
ȻȻֿ죬¶һĨ۵Цݡ
ѧ°
Ц˵Ȼζ壬ƿ۳棬ĵسϣֱ˶
ϣ˲йܣſԼĳ֫ΪŲȵ֮ǰǰȻһ§ס֡
֣㡪
ѧ죬øŶ
ߴ循ŭӵĻȻϵĸϡ
˫ɵؿЦúɵ
ûеϣӦȻ뵽ʲôһ§ס˳ĲǿȺߵͷؿڡ
ùŶ૵˵ʱؿڵ΢شݵ˳ĸϣ豧
һһ䣬ǳ˵
ϣĶסˡ
ͬһʱ̣վԶķ۳濴ǰС۳ֽŽӲĳ壬ڸֿܵɱ¾֮⽥ȥ֮ð亹СؽԼ
ϵ۷ۻᵼһЩΪʧغͻþ
۳ɰͰ͵سϣ͵ǳ΢Ȼ˵ʱʵӵλ˵Զϣġ
ǵտϣʱµ¼ֳı΢ҲڿšϾϣչֳֵȷʵھˡ
ȥԺÿϴЩ۷ۣţԼҲҪСģҪմ̫ࡣ
۳˵
ϣһֱʱǿƷﲻͣҶ꣬Ľֻ۳档
ʲô
ʵ
ţҺܱǸҲ֪
۳汻ϣĿŵ΢΢ûסѴǺͳȫԷչ¶á
ѹ£ĻشȷʵҲûκη֮⡣
Ϊɺ֮ôֻ꣬ҲǵһοС۳뿪İ칫ҡ
ң֮ǰ칫ʱľȣֻ鱾ƺʲôˡ
ٻ칫ң屾ΪԼȥʬģΪһ׵๤ߺͻ֣Ľ칫ʱȴĿɿڴؿԼˣǸʣϲŭ޳쳣۳ɺ֮ͨվڰ칫ҵĽ䣬忴ȥ޴롣
ڱӦֻʣһ߿տǵ۳棬֣ȴشڷϣĿɣָŬظԼۿӡ
ǻô˵أǣܡ
΢
嵱ʱסˣԺһԴʱĲ²⣬һ²ֱܿĶ׻顣
ˣʣҪΪʲôأ
ֻʶطѯʡ
ע⵽ĵȴȻɫ䣬ֱӳϵֿ첽˹ȥţܻ֣ææؿʼֿۿӡ
Ľǣĳλŵĸߵȼ壬ںܶʱڰеĿӶˡ
Ūҵ·
ֵʱѾ־ˡ
ͷ˿Լ½üͷһƵıԹ
Ǹӡ
귢ε̾Ϣ֣ȴΪɤȥ⽿ݡ
ҲΪ̾ʶֿΪ˵۷жˡȻϸ˵־ҵı֣Ӧýͳһֽⶾĺ֢
ôãǳԼλ˵۷жôŨȸߵ۷۸ϣֱʴĻףѵ˵඼ܳһ̯õ֭ҺңĳֻضΪ۷۶עⶾ󣬺ȻΪ۷ϲĶԶԻ֮С
ȻôҲû뵽ϻþĳ壬ֳ⸱ģ
ԡ
ɵӵ¶Ȼ߸ϵ֮ϣȻ̧֣Ķһ¡


ֱһ뵱ʱɫҷԼⱲӶûϿ˸Ӷḻ顣
һ޴룬ţȻ߳ŭꡭԼܶܶĥ㺡
ߣߣҪټ
ȫǵͺŷ
ָǣ
ԥһ˽⣬νġҪټָľֱӰִȥ١
λ˴ʱ˸ͣ۾ͻŻŵɫôôҪء
ȻŸտ˸ͷ˲ͱ
û˿һ룬ǻعһ㣬Ĭ˺þòŲ
ߣչ˺ֻġֻ¶
ɫһ૵
ҡңԺúýѵ֮ǰҲκԽһë֪κ˶
ôļһҪǱ˵ĻһСľͻˡ
Ļôˣ

һ˵ϼλ˵ָκλɣһĸΪޱԻ
Աͼֻ۳ϣʱȴֵںеظ
ֻϣĳߡ
֣˵


⣬ֳϣǰȫǰ
ʱ˿̣ڿʵ嵱Ȼ֪λɺ֮ʧ̬ûΪӵ۳뿪κθơ
ϣֲֵͬʱԼͷ֮ϡ
عʱŷԼڲأĲУƴֻӵ¶ϵЩ
һ̣ӿľţԶݺȴԼѾͬϸ걧һ뵹ϲ֮ʱġ
ʱΪ˯£ȴΪϵ۷۶˻֮С
ȫʶطֵľ䣬Ȼ󣬸עԼϢҺҲкͶصĽҩ
еһһעϢҺңƫƫһֻģӵȵ۳档
̧֣סԼ촽
岻ܿƵ
ƶ˵۳桪
ţȴΪĶҡ˾֮С
ҪΪͿջңҪΪͿԶҡҶԡĸסҳϡ
ͣظţȻһԾ𣬾ֱš޹˹ȥ
һ·۸ӵͨԼİʩǰ
վ̧ͷؿֻ䶯ݵĸĸϤġݡӳȻʧȥ
Բ𡣡
ʹ˵壬ǰĵ
ĸסұƻˡ
۾
ŬҪͨԭ֮ĸİᶨԼԡĸס
ȻһΣȴط֣Ψһܹ뵽ģǻ谵칫ڣӵ¶ޱůĻһĨģʴ㡣


63 
ɺ֮ڡ޹֮ʹͬʱ, ϣҲһʽļ尾
ѧ
ˮУ۷Եκ۳棬ڸߴĬĳ㵸š
ʵԭӦġ
Ϊֵİȫ, ϣڽ֮̽һ䵥, ǵ, ǴϣԼ๤Ǽ߼ҡ
ȻڿȨ֮ǰϣݵĵĹԼΥǷȺ޴ĳͷƣЩȷʵ൱, ļܳ棬ҲĿǰϵĹһǿӲѵ, ʵȴֻһЩʹĳͷ, ϣֻƳһ۹Ա̽ڼܳѶϢɾˡ
иҪҪ˵ֵֻģꡣ
ѧ
ĿɵصϣһһޱǣȻǸȴϣ
ʹؿڻӿ, ֪ӦøһֻӶѾҵ¶ƽϣϣɫȴȻܿƵر
ɴؽһס֣򿪸߼շţһ·˶ڵͼ˵ݻķ䣬Ȼ, ͰֱӴԡҡ
ѧ
Ҳѧ
ֻ, ϣĮض˵, ȻƵͷ֮, , ֱӰܿأϸܵˮ˲û֡
ȿȿȡ
⧲֮£·־ˮ׽˸͸ʪ
˺üɪʶ˫ֱסԼ
ͣͣ¡
ԵɵУʲô˲ϣֻźˣȻһֱԡҵĽ»
ѧԲҴˣԺ󲻸ˡ
ĳϤϢһֱΧѵʼճʧľջ֮УܾԼڸѧһ

ѧںӣ
ԺţȻͷǳؿʼеǸġȻѧǺѸ㣬һֻҪֵ㹻ǸĮ˻ǻһͷԭ
ֻϧһѾôɵصǸˣǰĸߴӰϢȴ䡣
ѧ
Щ
غŶԷ
ѧɲԼϵ۷ϴɾ
ѧÿһڶźıǣֲԷ˵Щʲôֻ֪仰󣬡ѧͰʼȥ
˵ıӰ˲ĳص
ߡ
޴ĿֻٿȻϮŴԡҽһԾȻ󣬱ֱӴӱһѱסˡѧ
ءߣѧ뿪ҡ
ںܾ֮ǰӦöǸ˵Ļ
һΣлĿ˿ڡ
ֿԸоԼеġѧӲ䣬סʱƺҪѡ
̾ʹ˻ƴҪסˡ
ȻѾ޷κЧ˼ڤڤ֮Уȴһڸһѧ뿪Ҳصߡ
㡪֣
ϣɫػعͷ֡
ˮԭ쳣ҵ״ʪ˽ľϣ͸ǰ͸ȫԭӦñ֮µģڵƤ
ǸĽ
۷ֵķؿϸ΢Ĺ⡣Ϊûѵ·ѾˮˢȻ۷ۻֻ˶ϲ¶ϡ
ȵ͸һֱݵ֮ϣҪֻǿ׺ݵĴֱˡ
ϣԼĴǶðˡ󣬳嶯֮£ɴعֱץ֣ƻԡҽ䡣
Ȼų˵һ̧֣Ǽõ·˲ͻΪһѲƬ
طſң
Ȼϣ֮ôֻܸ򵥷سЩ۷ۣȻССĶȴȻ
ѧ
ֻججʶ˽ڽ䣬˺·˲һУֻʣĿ־塣ȣȴȫˣڼ֮ǰڳǰ˺ѧ
ϣȫʶأ˫ؿס֡
ģҸûʲôһ㣡֣
ĵģϣʱȻԼеǱ
һе΢ᡣ
ÿ˭
ۿԽԽϣ޿̵סֵ°ͣʹԷԼ۾
˭
һһʵĪЩҧгݡ

ڰ
ϣȻգգۡ
Ҳ۷ڱˢˣĻþҲڽɢȥ
ҧ촽ϻֳһ֮ɫˮϣ۽һ·䵽°ͣȥƺڿһ㡣
ֻ¶ڿȥǶô޴ô˵ʪģ촽УڲٳǸİķĳƺ

Ǳˮôˣ˵
ϣҲһĳĬ
ôһ̣ԡﾹȻԵЩ
Ϊ˸ֳЩ۷ۣϣҲױˮ͸
ѧ
ϣüͷֻ뵽ƺѣ֪Ϊʲôؿһϸϸܵʹ
һǿԼԵİķӦ
㱻ֻɶ۷Ū˻þ֣ʰԼ
ϣάű侲Ӳ˵
ˮڼУϰ԰׵üֱ˾ûۡ
ϣĿ˸һ£˾ӣҲڳ֮ΣʱȥռһֻӵС¶ıˡֻеʱǻе㲻ܿƵģĿĲġؿڡҲһ̣ϣֲö׹
һĨʹȻ
ϣͫ׽ʶؾֳö׹ϸ
ȴȻ̧֣ػס˵׹
ʲô
ϣ˲ֱ֣Ȼе׷ʵ

ηӦ֮ǰϣ˺·أĿȻɣҲѹûлָѣȴ˫ֻö׹κʱҪԵñ䱸

˵
㡪
÷ɪ˹ҵġΨһġ
ʵضϣ૵
ͫһƬն
ֻʣˡ
ֻСˡ
жȻ顣
ϣ롣
֮ǰôʲôƨѧҲȲ÷ɪ˹ִʱĴʹ
ϣ֪Ǹˡ
÷ɪ˹Ѫᡣ
ֵϡˡ
֪¶Ѫ֮ϵУû뵽ԭһֱ˿̾Ȼ̵Ľֻȥĳ塣
һ̣ϣȻ뵽ԼǶѪĳ޷ԼĻɣһͶٰô桱ĽԼ֭׸
ΪԼѪĳЩ
ͷԺһ˲䣬ϣʲôǡһѵ
ĸ
ŶôҪ𣿡
ϣһİĵԼе͵ʹţܿƵ̧֣סֻС¶ع̶ԡҵǽϡ
ء
־Уϣ׾ٵؾʹöסĵ׹
ΪϤϣ̲ס΢΢üʶģָ˵׹ı桪
ꡣ
벻ԡ
ϣȻ̧ͷȻ󡭡
ͿϵĽͬһʱ⿪ȻµĻ档
ʼǷŽâȦ
ȻЩϸƤ
ΪȾ֣ƤͬʱֱԭڸвǺǿҵ΢΢չ͸׺˾Ө͸ˮ飬΢һȫˡ
ʪˮڣԡгɵȻԺ״̬е֣ҲȻӿĳУֵ۾
δ𡣡
ԡﻹˮɾãԼ֭
翪

ʱڵײ㴬տٵĸ߼ңеĹܵǸͨġʪ㣬ͨܵˮܵתУһɴӿ
ĳصɧǼеԡΪԶ㲻ɢ
²㴬յ֮ͨС
ڴ֮ǰϣɵĴ˵ĹǣȻЩʧصؿʼǽڣֻлʶ͵ȳ壬ʱȻϼָӣǿʼϵץһĽǽڡ
æڡ

ڽжĲԱǷԼеǺȻ쳣Ծ
һḻĲԱ˾ţ֮ǰѷǿӪҷ˸ӡΪɹϮ¼һʱȴһȻصģصײ
ʧתȻ㷢֣е嶼ԼͬؿʼԼײǡ
һߵܳʵ
ԭ֮ĸϣô£
ʵԱȻƿ壬һãسȥЩ޴ʵķԭӦߵʵȻ۾Ȼǿʼ겻ϴһЩʼԼҵĹͷ·ܵʲôʹζҪӳȥһ㡣
ʵġ޹֮С
ء
еɺ֮Ȼһ£ӵ
ֱĵԼǰĸȻ㿴ֻªεط壬һʹ˻

ڴǳ
ʥߵ֮ΪĻӼᰲذʩԷκδӰ쵽ֻѡѵõ𻯡
ԭ˼ĺһƬڰ
Դӽ˼ӲӼ֮󣬰Ҳûдκζ
һֱ˿̡
Ӽ֮ڣһŰճ֭֮Удһ
ĸס
ԴڻĿʼѡ
ۡ
һöӼ֮ڷ漣˿ڴǳҲʼݡ
ա֡
ģһģ壬ڰǱӦκӼ֮ڣʼ͡

Ȼʱ˿̣û˽ײ㴬շһɧϵһ
ΪϵͳĴڣľ嶼ûܵĳֻĸɢĸֻǾôһ̣ԼȻÿܶԾдƺܵʲôεٻϸٻȴ־ԼһƬհףȫ˵Ȼ
ʱҴǳУֻһ嵥ֳܵ۵ķҷȻҲ԰֡ܡֱ˵ĥ



Ǽ߼շԡ֮С
ϣԼĺء
⣬һĺԽغͼ٣ڵԽŨ񣬶Խ࣬ǾԽǻ
ʵϣϣԼúܾȣԼΪʲôڻԱ˼־Ļȫֻб
ƬģõĳͰ͵£һϸݵıͿסǺ׵ģѾɺԵ١
Ȼϣκ˶֪ƬԷĳʵϸ𲻵κãҪͿ׾ٵزǶԳȻ󡭡
Ӳĳ֫סֱۣ䣬ֻСӵȳ峹׵ع̶ԡҵĵذϡ
ϣ̫ǵԼôѹڵϵģͬҲǵԼʲôʱָɳԭʼ̬ġ
Ŀױȵۣȵúܱ
ζּԳڻǵĸζϣ鲻ԽϸʳܣδؽԼΧв֭˱һ顣
ϣڳĸԭʼһ񾭣ΪǰνеıжеޱƽǰδеĴڸеЩ˯
ĳ֫˶飬ĿԼĻ
볹չԼĳΣ»᳹ŪխԡңȻֲԼĵڶز֮£жβֻ۳泹ײġ
չʾһԼĳ
ϣ÷ɪ˹ѪбԼÿĳ
ͬһʱ̣ϣеһ֣һЩԼ֮ǰûвĲ֣ȴһ״̬
ڿޡ
ϣǳƴѹֵʡ
ĺÿ
ϣ롣
ܵһޱİҲޱȸӵвӡ
ڣʣϧ㡭
ȫͻȴȷʵڵĶָ鹲ͬ㼯˴˿ӿеȻǿǿأάϵϣ˿̴˼
ҲΪ˼ֵʱ򣬻ǻеģǿҪؿ˺һѹ
ѧء۸ҡЩ쵰۸ҡ
ΪղŵʧأòײŻָһľһ˱
ʱϣĻֿкģȻǱ˵֡
˵ˡһֱôȺһҡ
˻þе겻ϵضʧȥʱǿѹĵ׵ʹί
ǻ۸ҡ۸ӡ
ҲӦˣǿѾء
󼸾֧ĵϣȻֻе״̬Ȼѹ
ͫһ˲΢⣬ǸΪɶ߸
ӣ
ղŵļƬ´Ժϣ̾ԼղΪʧض˱ֵ֭ʱֺĶ񲻽ֻСѧ͡÷ɪ˹ƺһֵ֣
Ǵǡ
ӣ
ϣŵ˻ꡣ
ô塭ȴѾԼ
أϣ֣̽Եظֵĸ
˲ˡ
ܶжûνԣܺʱһ㲻òеѵΡ
¶Ⱥ䣬ȻҲ
ϣЩ̫ȷ


64 
ĳ̶ֳ˵, ȷʵ൱ˡ
ϣɲؽ˫ָ̽ԵḧʱùֱмӳĸѾһ߿, һ߲˯֮Сһĵ, Ͻ⿪֮ȷ˴֭쳣״̬֮С
ҲΪǳ, ڼƣ״̬˯ߣȻ˯úܲȡ
ֿʼˡ
٣С, ôﰡ
ǵ, ô, ɱֵ۸㰡
˵ɣҪǮ, еǮ˵, Ȼúźźҡ

ֵξҡ
Ķ߳ӵ, ǴϢ͸ĵϷȴȻš
ּЩ˲, ϱ㸡ֳ˱亹
е£Ҫ, Ҫֱ˦ЩΧԼߵӰٰǵŶóԽ
Ȼһ֮, ȴȻ, ԼԼô
ѧѡ
Ͼ, ڱ߾ѧѧҪǮġ֮Ҫȥϴѧ, ĴƱҲһǮ
ԼЩֻҪѧҵиĸ̵̫ܽϸͬѧȫһ, Ϊ¶ԼÿҪӦĴΣѧУͬѧҲ꣬ѡ
ÿ۾ʼ־ͱҪŬ취ǮԼ
Ŷˣڵڴ򹤡
ֻд򹤣Ǯ
Ժ૵㱵ؿԼΧ
ӣںĵ¾ưﵽӰӰ´µӰǲ䶯У˸ͣĹУ·ڲԵħ㵸
٣СˣŪôᰡ
ɲҪҪ

ֵͷԼ൱ѧݵĺɫƤƷԼһ˫˫Լϵģʪ֡
ֻһһģӰӣǵȴһʪ޷ѡ
öĺöĺöĺöġ
ּҪгˣȻĳָٹ̵ıȴʹǿסһɷθͱŭ
һŬڿһһָоԼڱϥƴάű΢Ц
Ե˳Ӷְ֡
Ϊֻ
Ųᵼ¸鷢
ҪǮ
Ҫ
Բ𣬽е㲻졭һúдġ
ǲأѾ°Ŷ
ϰ壬͵Ұɣ㿴ҽľˮûȥϰһġ

ԼöĵϴӴð
ŴЩ˵ľ˳ҪУұĵ嶼ԲȴȻŬάԼϵļߡ
ֿԸоԼѾ˼£֪ʲôʱͻ᳹׶ѡ
ˡ
롣
ҪܣĻŻ᳹׷ɡ
Щڹ¶ԺҲ޷ܵͬ飬Ժѡһ硣
ҲΪ̫˰ɣֿЩԼϵģ¶޴Ӱֻо˻źͿ־塣սڣ忪ʼƴȥ
ֻ֣һССķǷ¾ưɣΪʲôȴԵôңԶ
ֺ֪ԼԲͣһͣпܱᱻЩӰֱɡ
·ĺóΪʲôô߶߲
𽥿ʼ֮ʱǰͻȻ֮һ޳Ӱ
ĮܳǰͷޱضĹŶ
ûзκνŲǸһ˲䣬ԷҲʱ̧ͷ

ʱĺɭɫĮض˵
΢ϣһ㵭ɫĹΣ·޻鱦ĵߴӢ꣬ȥǲȾ߸ϵ顣
ûʴȡ
ûб
˱飬ֻҪֱ֣˲ޱȰġ
ѧ
ϲֵ˵
°ˣ
һֲ̣޷סԼʵС
ֳ嶯ѧУЩٯٯ޴ѧֱ˵Ļȥ
Ȼ
нĺɭľԽصΪһţһֻƴסԼȸԾ飬촽첽źɭķ˹ȥ
ȻǺסԼʵСͱ˵һ̣һһɭǰ̧ͷ˫Ưָɾ۾ʱַԼȻܿƵ̧֣Ȼأرסѧ
ѧǶ۸ҡ
Լ쳣ίĵ
ʵԼԲԺɭ˵ľӡ
ҴǺòãѧôǿԲ۸Ұɡ
֪Ϊʲô˵˵ţַԼʼʡ
ĺɭֵĻ𽥱öģͬһʱ̣źȻÿտյĻӦ˹
ΰ
롣
ֻ̫̫õΡ
һжʵ顣ȷʵΪѶȥ¾ưɴ
Ȼ˵òЩ켣еĿṩκηǷ񣬿ƯСӦĵطֻܹʳײ㡣
ͣ˾һճ
ȫƾڹ¶Ժ￿ĸ߳ӦԷʽԼı˺·
һ죬ֱΪԼĿҪŲȥˣǼߴԾǻƫԶϵӵǼʺƾԼͻľ޴ƸǱޱȲһ
ѾƴֿȴȻ˾ţһһ㳯źȥưϰѹκά
ֻԼŬأġ
ȻΪһѾصʱ򣬺ڵİӰдѧϤ
֣ô
ʹɭһΪʲôôƫƧҰĺ
ֻżѡ
ɭʱͷҲûֻ̧鵭ػش
ܹôɾͰƺĻ뵰ǴڵصˣȻҲ϶СϺѡ
εӣȥ۵׵һȸԾ
Ŷлл㣬ѧε˵
ʱʣã߾ѧݶ̨ų̊רĿĮ꣬ʱȥȻеº͡
ôһ˲䣬ֶãԼ·ۻҵĺаﰡֵطȫմߡ
Щһֱô۸𣿡
Ȼ־ɭôʵ
ֺȻ˹
֪ɭûпȴȻ΢Цشʵܺһ£ҲǱ¶ѡϾںˣֻҪúø˵һ£ҲʲôңнˮߣѾǺܺõĹˡ
أƴؿʼ
ǵǷݹɭȻڣޱɭ䣬ֵط̫ˡ
ϵЦݽӲһ¡

ҿԸǮ㡣
̾Ϳʼƴܾ
ʵǲӦôܵġ
ϾѧȫһĴڣѧԼûôۻͷֻҪ˶ԷԼһɺܶܶɡ
֪ѧҪԼǮԼʱؿӿɬͿܾȻںоưﱻʱĻҪǿҡ
һϻԼҡ
С˵άֲסԼϵЦݣԭװ鶼Ҫѡ
ҾܹԼ׬Ǯͦõġ
̨˶ݵļž
ɭĬһ£ĿȻͣеϡ
֪ˡ
ãɭ˵
ڶ죬ȥǼưϰʱԼһϰ壬ȻµسƴصǸ
ϰ忴ȥɫ쳣԰ף۵һƬֹ࣬ûûյСѡ
ֻ֣°ʱͿϤӰֳ˰Сڡ
ɭһּûмģɺɫ͹Źֵĵ˷ϡ
нԵʣɭǸʱɫֱƽʱҪ䡣
ֵĿҲĮ
ѧѧ㡭Ⱦƣ
ȫ޷ɭٴεϾԺɭ˽⣬ۻԺ˵һĥ
ǺɭҪưѡ
졣
˵ֵ꣬ҰȻһڡ
ߴϢ˲ס֣ǺɭףֱӶ˹ͷϡ
æҵƿ˶˵ùֵףȴûеһʱ仹ɭʶأرסǼס
һϢôǣȴӵħһ㣬˲佫ưζСŵڸȥ
ܺš
סڷ꣬ɭҲ޷ܶԷ޴ͳ࣬ؿڡ
һ˵ţɭһ̧֣ΪֱذԼ׹ϡ
ֻ·ѡ
˵
һֱķԸ׾Ϸҽסֲ˺ɭ·ҧгһĴܵ
˳㣬°ѡ

֡
롣
ôÿֵΣΪʲôʱȴڿޣ
ξɢҲ
Ϊùɬ۾һ̧ͷͶһӢаȵ

ֺһ͡
塭ϣ
ͫĳôһţһ˯Ҳ˲ʧ٣ֳ׵˹
ȻͷԼһİĲշ֮СΧĻԼʵĴշĵȼ͡
ȻҪĵҲΪʲôһ߼շǣΪʲôϣĴϣңô
Լڵײ㴬±ϵġȡûиһ𡣶Էһֱ˴࣬ǴӶԷղŵԷƺһֱڹ۲Լ
Īأ־ȻָоϣӦѾƹ۲Լ۲˺ܾá
˫ָеЩʵĽֿͫʼš
ʣʲô
ޱȽӲʵ
ڿʱȻҲʼƴ֮ǰһС
տʼ鵹ǻ֮ͦʲôšŶˣƺԵɵɵأϣϳѧ
ȵȣԼΪʲôϣѧԣⲻص㣬صǺ淢ʲô
Ȼô룬ӶǱŽ̵ݺһ飬޷κ飬ֻһЩģƬΣ˵ԡԼƺҲںѧ˵ʲôԼѹ˵ϡ
ɫò԰ס
ϣ쵽ס
һ䡣
ϣĿע⵽ǶԽͫרעʲôʱһģ·ҰͫƵϸС΢⣬׾ܰ˿ñ΢΢ë
֮ǰϣȥҲôֵ
еһ˿
ȻЩɳƵĻӦ
㱻İ칫ңȻΪֻɶ۷ж˻þ
ϣ˵
ţԼǵá룬黹άƽ
ţϣƺһ΢ı仯
ԡϴ۷ʱҽѧһֱң뿪Ҷҿ˶۸㣬ҪҰ㱨֮żҴϳ÷ɪ˹Ѫᡣ
֣ԣԲҲġֻǡ
ϣĿ΢ֿκԼֻѧƵֻƬ˵ѧƺֱ֡
ʱĽ˹ϣҲΪҲСˮˣ֮ڽĽˡ
ϣޱأԼ֭ܵջѹֲǿк֭Ḷ́ϸϸسһ顣
ʼͼ϶ԷܿΪԷϸ˴֮С
Ȼȫͬ壬ֲòһ㡣Ϊʲôϣ԰˱֭˵ˡֱ࣬ʲôֵplayһ
ǣȥΪ˸еεֻԼ
侲ܶڳ˵ȷʵʲôأĵŬԼ
һ룬ϣ֣ص
ұʧرʾǸ⡣ϣ֣һһ˵һ㸺ġ
֣ȿȿȡ
Ҫ
ǱǺִʱѾϣˡ
Ҫ˵úҪԼһ÷ɪ˹ѧΪ˸һѵҲƵ飬ɵʱѧҲûбֵô֣°
ȫǲСĺ˾һ־ƺƵģ̫Ϣ˲ӿԺ֪ΪԼϣϳѧֿ޿е߳ܣǸΪĪ˰Լ˸ˬе¡
ʵǣѾ̫ǵ췢ˡϾʱ־ϣһˣûзʲô̫飬ţҽ£ʱڱĳ³һܲҡ
ллչˡ
ȻһжоգǾ͵ʲôûзɣ
ĻңҪһжܹȥ֮ʱǰȴǲƵģʵ
Ѿк𣿡
֣
⧲ʻ־۾
һǱȫԭء
һֱڿޣںֻѧĳ֮⣬һֱ˵ĺˣҪȥĺӡ
ϣûκֻԼ֪˵仰ʱĴһֱڳ
£ϣ鲻Խ΢΢Ŵľɫ쳣ŵ꣬һβܿƵأᰴ˶Էƽ̹ĸ
ֻ̣
ʵ
ǵĸ˭
ɾСİڴϺϣһҹδ˯ȥ
ϸ˼һҹ
Ŭػ־й¶ЩֻƬ
ڹȥ己ȷʵȻʽͼмĳȺڲ
㹻ãõ˳ĸ˵ǿܹɹߵȼĳ塭
ǵڣС͵Ⱥ䣬ҲԼķŻһԷöѣоֻܱͼģûǵĹ棬ĸṩĸϡҺȻлߵȼĳġ
ԣڵĳ弸ѾʹȻֵЧõķʽǣǳĳ
¶ڻкʱ֭࣬ζԵѪȺ¶ʱеĸǶӵȺá
ϣֵ֣ᡣ
÷ɪ˹𣿡


65 
, Ҳ֪㾿˵ʲô
־ֵϣʶؿʼϡ
ʲô÷ɪ˹ʲôӣôأôӡ
һֱʲôӣ
ЩѿڶǻȻͷӦ˹, ȵȣڳ, ǿȥԵĳҲȷʵǿӵ, еһųٿųѡ
ٿǵεģ¶ݣϣΪС÷ɪ˹ǿԼģҲȷʵ
, ȵ, ڲЩʱӦõĵԼһСľͰѺǵ͸¶˳ȻСȷʵԼĪԼ, Ҫȴӵȫ֪οڡ
÷ɪ˹, Ųǿȱ˵ԡ
ҧ촽, һ, ѧ͵
ɸı⣬ȴô˵ˣϾ, һϸϸ˵ǵ, ҪǣԼڳĸĲ֡
ôϣһֻѵõĺó棬Ҳһֻǰ̻¶ܡ
ңһͷ, ԲŻºʲô, , ԣ㿴ұϾڷͷʱŹҲǺİɣ
ϣĿ£ӲͷƤš
˵ô˵˵֮ԼԼĻԼֱ׾ӵ˼㡣
Ŷ𣿡
ϣӦȴһֹᡣ
֣ϣ֪һ飬ϣҶɱ¾úȤ
£ֲһ
Ȼ̾ͷӦ˹ϣȻʲôðɣڳɱ¾ãڳ˵Ƿǳ顣Գг䵱ĸ壬ռԼʱᾡܵزԼĺӡ
ϣѲɾԼҲΪֿЦԭƴ
Ŭŵѧĳ峣ʶһ
ò˵һֻźӵĸĻĻΪϣĻеĶϾǰ壬¿ȥĮȴִһĨݡ
־ԼһͷԷˣȻΪʲôǰֻʶõİϸܵһɸѧһģһϢأôᣬôֵֻҪıӻ֮£ʲôõġ
ֿʼԥ
СʼղκʶϵĻӦѾ𽥽ɳ溢ǵֳĸе޴벻
ʱİ칫ЩҲԼһ۷ԡ
ȴʼҪԼЩɵĳ̣ڻǻ
һ뵽־ִĸоСΣգƾԼºѴоȻǡ
ɴ࡭
ɴֱӸϣˣȻԷȻȺ޴ĳ溢ӡȻ֪˶÷ɪ˹˽İģĻȻҪ۵ġ
ǼԸĳЩȥϣİϣԼΪôɿ
ϣΪ̹׶ĸݸô죿
˼ҵҶУ˽սһ̣ɴȻҵһ¡
ͬʱϣҲȻվ
ĶȻչ˶Եøߴࡣɫʶصſ֮䣬˽յĽţĿޱ
Ƿʲô
ֱڻشѯʣϣͨͬһʱ̣ĲҽС
һ룬ֱһټ˻ͨﴫ˳
ϣǽǳڽ״УΪ²㴬յĹߣǰ13-21-2ȴִ񡣡
ͨϼֱǿƣĪأȴĳ־޴Ŀ־塣
ֻѾˡ
𣿴ϣܴĻǰִ񣡡
ܳ沢ûϣļ̻Ӧ
ڲϵ䣬Դؿһֱ͸βˡ
£ǲ̻Ӧһ㣬㹻¼ĥˡ
ɴ˿̵ļܳ棬ȴָ߸ϵ鶼ûС
Ϊڣʵ̫£̫ˣҲǳıܡ
ܳľؼţԼܹ뵽ģǿ¼壬̸Լڵ꣬ʵŽӦԳĿƬʵѾ׷ʧ״ӡ
ϣͲܸϵ
ܳشϢţ۱ζţŵһֱضԼǰȵĲԶһƬɺģʵѪ
ĳָߵȼʳӼ
ı渲ŴҺԼʵ޷иļʼ׿ǡ
ڹеĴ׿׿֮ʵķ϶϶֮пԿ۸ӵѪܡЩѪܾǶصһ㲻ϵڲ䶯ߡ
ܳҲԵ˿־塣
ڣڲ֮ǰȻǿյģɴʱѾȫⲻǰӵѪӼûˡ
ܳض⣬ԷӲʼ׿ѪӦƹ·صĲ״ơ
ڲ֮ǰؿԼһֻӲʼ׿ǵĳ壬Ѫ̽ĴһѾסȻ֮С֮ǷڵѪоðһƬһƬӲʼ׿ǡ
ͺǸոȥĳ壬Ѫ֮иһ㡣
ϧǣѪֻмֵĻס
ܳһһȥؿ۶ԼеǹવʵѾÿˡ˵ö͵ĳӼҾͽΪǳӼɡû˿á
ԭλȸļװһЩǿá
Ȼ͸ԣܳΨһģһŷѪ⡣ƬѪֻдҺԼѸٱģָʬ塣
ûʲôӼܹ⸱ӡ
˰ʥߡ
ֻ˾ǿзģȱݵĹ
һǴǳĺڲ֮ǰİ䣬ǵӼǿʼͣﲻŨҺ֮̾רĳжСӶеʹȻһ밬ĽӼ֮ǾҲûܳͨﲻĲҽУûдκõϢţĳ屻ȥҲȫʧһƬŵĺ
ǱĳӼˡ
ʵϣֻĹɵģǻͬࡣ
дЩƬûдĻɴڲĳЩ϶һһڵɴ
ʱһ˫ȫ֪ۣܹ֮յײȫĻ֣ᷢԺΪĵ㣬ɵĳӼڲϵðϸĴ֣ĳֿµļһ㲻Լ壬ԼëѪܴΧġ֮УȻƴȡԼʳΧڵһӪ
ԼͬࡪЩ壬ֻǵһС
Լ˿ҲҪɵˣһѪе΢Сһ֡
ܳѾ𽥱ƽԼӼǣȻɿǰ֫ǹˤ˼װ֮ϣ˳Ƶ

ϣڸնһĮżܳļС
Ĵ΢ػ˻Σ̫Եرֳֻķơ
ϣںֻܳȻӴȴֻǿĮĳ屾ܵظе˲
ԼƺʲôڲʹϣҪִﴬȥһ
жڵȴ
أԭ֮ĸϣҲĲ
ͬʱײյļܳԼڸϣͨš
ϵطڿ־нԼһСţȵͷʵޱȵĽӦкȻգҲ޷򿪡һеӼǣ޴ӡ
ȻڼܳԼһҪ֮ʱ̰Ѫ⣬ȴĴ⣬Ȼͣ
ͷļܳݾԲûзı仯
ȻҲûЩ

ˮϵشӼ֮ΪӼ̰ޱȵ˹ĴϣԭķˮѭϵѾױ
ڵķˮϵشѵĹܵӿ
ЩˮԴԴϵ·͵Ӽ֮УȻֱӼǱëϸѪܾա
ڼܳڲǰڵϵնˣѾӼû
Һ֮Уǿɢ΢⡣
ͷһ䵭
Ͼλ
ϣص˸նˣתͷ˴ꡣ
ܵŵĴ¶
ϣи̾Ϣ֮ģؿ΢΢ģ΢ϧ
ֵɫ쳣԰ףȥôô
ϣȴԼ촽֣ھ˿ͬʱϣȴĪؿʼҹԷڵذϱģȻ⿪ʼ΢΢
ȼһаĻ硣
ԽǾÿԽҪöԷ޵øһ㡣
ع֮󣬾ϣԼԼƺЩ֮֡ǰδй˶ӵͷ
ϣ֣ҪֱӽִԼߣöԷԶҪ뿪ԼҰӦ˵öԷԶҪ뿪ԼĻ
ȻͷֻǷɿ컬ԺϣǺܿͻصκ˶ܹüܳĸߵȼ嶼֮£ڸ߼շڲȫġ
ڷڣ֣Լ
ϣԸ
˶٣ֲ
ȥִ񣬻ܿʱ򡭡л˵ĻԸҡ
ϣ˵Ȼһ˿İģԳƵѷֵ뿪Ǽշ
־δؿϣ뿪ıӰڷֶԷ뿪֮͵شһ
Ȼ̽Լؿڡ
úܿ죬ǾԲʲô֮俴۲νļ¶һַǳֱӦ
ȷѾţԼԼԼĻƺûйأֻѾ˰칫ȴܾóʱš
ûκȷΣգҲ޷ֻԽԽ죬ԽԽֻš

ţ־͸еһģٻ
ʱĺſޡ
νĺӣȻӴ˿ѾĳңԶĵطİ
֪վʶʱԼѾվſڣַ˽ŵĿش
һѪɫȥ

һ䡣
ԼúܲԾ
֮ǰÿοðɹ£ȫ޷ͷĳЩɫЩ֪ΣȴȻҪ뿪ֻҵڽġƶ
ֹһ²۹ΪʲôҪһЩ޴ĽɫǿڵɣַԼȻڲ֪УԼЦЩ޴ĽɫеһԱ
ϣַǳԼӦڷ
塪꣬ȴڷ壬뿪շ
ֱʲôٻһ
ε
衭衭
衭

衣
ʶһδ϶ģ֧ĺ
͵ش˸飬𾪵ʶԼĸͲʶģĺʵģģ۵
ȻعͷȻķҲ컨һǣԭʼ̬׳ֲ塣
֮ǰһʱιɱСǱ֮ǰࡣ
ǣڣڴ̣ͨȥȴʼʱҪԵǱ
Ӳʵϱ鲼ŸʴĽۣҲֻʣһüֱ֫ӽضϣеĶԵ쳣׾
Ȼǣ˿̵СϻһģѾӲ˵۷ۡѾ۷һַùƵİɫģȥ쳣ģжĵСӿȥֲֿ
𾪵ؿϤĳ̡
ţ
һ۾˳š
ֻСС׳棬гһֻ
Ϊ㣬Լ㵽ڣҲǳСһֻŵԶԼĸôߣҲСһȦǺԶɶҳϵظ죬Ҳһŵ
ڣȴһ棬ǰ
ңȥƺһ־塣
衭
Ϊ˰ȫҪʶиԼн˿ȴûѵõһ㣬ϵط졣
ӦڵһʱͷֵĴڣȻĸȴһһֱڻƺҲûʶԼѾصĸߡ
衭衭
Ƶţϸ
ţ׷ʲôһأءˡ
״εغ
Ȼͷ֣ŵ۾ƺҲϹˡ
Ϣ΢˼㡣
ֻһӦüӲļ׿ǾͿʼѡ
Щ۷ۣԣ۷ۣ
ּϣЩ۷жģһԾҲ֪ǴֱųԡңˮŬسˢ˳ϵ۷ۡ
Щµķĩߺ󣬱鲼ϵ˿ڣ̾չ˳
кüط׿Ѿʴ͸ˣ¶Ｘŧࡣϵˮ飬Ѹٵػ˳ɫѪҺ
ֵ΢ϸС˻ȴʾ˿̾޴ʹ˾ʹ֮£ֻС־СӣȴʼԼצӣ˵һһ
衭裿
۷۱ߺƺָЩ־
һ쳣ϸѯʡ
ڣءɳƵ˵


66 
ſĺ, ־Լеᡣ
û˿ôڹΪʲôҪأΪʲôҪôһӣϣȥִǹƨ
Ӧĵһʱ䣬һеǸ, ЩȥԼĺӲŶԡ
ȥǸ˱Լֵ֭Ҳνˡ
˾͵ǱҧһڡĻ, ʧ룬޼ƿʩؿԼĳ溢ڻһϢ
ʲôô˵ġأ
ȷ۷۶ߺ, Сعˮøëš
, ʵ
Ƕ𣿡
ػζһ½ʣһ롣
ǲܶ, ȥȴе־, 衭衭
ҧס, סԼ
ôܣСŶܲһǿСֲܻ
ĺôĪΪһ۷
ǿԼĳιԭʼ̬׳档
, ԣۡԼĳۡ
֪Լְ˰Ĵڳĳ۵ûЧáǵϣѾô, ҲûʲôرķӦһֱãԼڳ֭ζõˡ
, ĳ۸ʹﲻĸֿ֭ó̥, Ч
˾ľ, Ҳֻҽ
Լڵĳܹú΢һ, Ҳ, ٲҪȥˡ
оš
Ȼ̽Լľ䡣
ϣ߹֣Ľƿƺ˹ϣֵԼع⣬֪ⶼˣȴӲͷƤ˽ллأȥʱַѧԼ׽ǿġСʱǰڰҵ֣û뵽ԼôҪ½⿪
ȻΪ챻ѹե̫һ½⿪˽Ҳûзڳ̫֭
ִŻԴϲ񣬿ɴʱȴһֱ˹ȵס
ƴؼѹԼıòײռһС֭Ҳ˲̾ͽЩ˵ҪϡĳȫͿĨŵıϡãһֻĸ֭ǴӱڵģҪǱֳ컯Ϊĸֳĸûκλɫζϣһ¡
Ϥ㣬Ż˻壬ص˼
ֱǵ˷ѱ֭Щܵóֵ֫
Ҫá˷ڡϡ
ֻǳʶģġ
ȴŵĿܡ
ΪãڿȻظ֪ĸ״ʱŷʶַڳ۵ѡĳ֮£زҼȥ׳棬ΨһþΪĸסܶһ̡
ͲӦõõĸĳۣΪⴿ˷ѱԴںķѳĸ
ӦñĸסӦΪĸס
ΨӦáĸסչԼ
ԣ¾Ͳˡ
ظ̵֪ĿܣֵĶȻû˿ԥ
ǰδеչֳԼǿƵһ档
סӿ̣ǿȶԷܳ۵ĸǡּ³ѹ֮£ŵϢƽȥ
ڲٿԡĸסĳۡ
ԺȻţһ㶼ûа취ɡϢ΢׳棬ֻ֪ӵΪת˰ǡΪѾ֮ʣҲû
ֻһһظëȡ֭Ȼ伷ϵΪ
裬裬¡
ڣѾɵ۾Сس
Ҳۡ
ѧֵĻ˻š
ʵ̣ôຢͯʹأµģֻǴ˿̴ӡĸסɢı뾪Ϣ
̫İˣҲ̫ˡ
ǿԭʼ̬壬ҲûмӦġĸסķϾĳͲӦκһֻĸ˵κһֻĸ壬Ѿû̫ȱҪ屧С
źãȻ޴롣
ֻǱһ㣬ƾűܶԡĸס
Ҳۡޡ
ˡ
ĨһҪ溢״εİοȻžֵط֣ԼһүǶȻѾֳֻѾҪСӿ˳
ͲԼĺӣ̣ΪʲôԼȴѹһ㣬ԼҲ㲻
ţɲҪҪ˵Ļ
૵س˵
ңҾȥĺҾͰֻǣҲţҲ衣
·ֵĵԭѾҪ޷Ȼ˴ǡ
һĤĸۣƺҲñ֮ǰࡣ
衭̫ˡ
ңҿԱġ
ȻѾÿˣȻŻŷĿ飬ϾĿУЩ壬ʵ̫ˡ
ôӵȣ޴С壬ôܱɺϸã
ô֣
һһһᡣ
̬ȼʵ
ãҪǺҾͲȥӡ
ֳ˳˵һ˵һŵıȥģѱĳȫǡ
裡裡
ֵıֻŴȻܵ˸ղЩĴ̼ſſˣȴȻڵذƴػţŬҪվ
ˣţ
Ҫ޸壡
ֿ˼ţһΪԼŪɳ׾ˡ
Ȼһʶ֮ǱԼĻ̼Ϊ
ԭˣЩԭʼ̬׳һֱںģνġĸסѽ
ɳƵĵֵ
־ֵػعͷȻ㿴ԡ֮ĿɲӰӡ
һηֿʱȥˣĺȦѾҪҵǱߣ˫ȴŲȻĳ죬۾ï}ˡ
֮ܶʱȥֱһθ˺£Ե
㡭
˵֮ǰɺ֮Ȼ̧֣ϸ԰׵ֵָաͨƤӴڵĶҺ̾Ŀûɢ
˺ҵġ
˺ҵĺӡ
֧ĺɢԡҲĳʪ֮С
ֺܿͱж塤Һŵ˻ԡ
԰׵һȻ£ˤڵ֮ǰǾѾߴĳһѽס뻳
ɫĪԼӵ¶ϵļⲻȻؾš
ҲŲԻҵĻᡣ
ʵ˵š
ͬĵҲϵڶΡ
ǣס֮걳Щ֭մı۰ֻĳɿڵĳۣɺ֮ȴǱҺʴƵģصزһ¡
ջңұԡĸסҳϵġˡ
ͫһϸϸĺڵ㡣
ִ֪ʱ²ʡҧгݵسͺͳɳơ
ֱ̽һСȻź׵ٺֻײеĸߵȼǱ̵ƵģȻ֡
ǿʸΪֱ˾ᰲԿɺ֮ʱȴҲֳԶ׼Ǳ
æҵؼ֮ǰڵϵĽţѾ˯һֿ˺һҧ촽쳣׾¿
ӵ¶ĲΪɫƤԵһͿ۶ϡ
˫֮ϣҩһ㣬Ҫ
Ļǣƶˡ
˻Ƶ䣬Ŀʼͣϡ
һ룬Ȼ̧֣һѰסһϮĲ԰Ӱӡ֮ǰһϢС壬һȴԵ쳣طţͽ޹ͼоȳԵġĸסԭûаŷ
ϾһѾСԱų䵱նˡ
ɽţ֫˴Ĵʹȴ΢ػζһ´ǡ
˿ֻɫԭʼ̬׳档ҧġ֡Ǳ̬֮µļ׿飬׳ľ׽ѽļ͹ȫ顣
֮ǰֻСһôǿ
̲סеֵ
Ѿܾúܾûб׿ˣϾͨĳ壬ɺ֮ɹĿ¡塣ǿ˵ָġ
ڣȻһֻ׳ҧ˳֫
ͬʱ˦˦֣޴Ȼҧһس֫һ±˦˳ȥ˵ʮСĸɱȻǽϣȻȻ¡
˺һ޷
ڸղţԼ֫ˡĳ֫ѸٴѪĺлðüڶϮ֮ǰȻ̧֡
ϸ᾵ĳ֫ðȻסݵĳĸá
΢΢ϸ֫ൽԼǰ
衪
ſ裡
ֻԭʼ̬׳滹ڷơ
һ㰭ۡ
롣
ɴֱɱɡ
Լİ칫ҵԭʼ̬׳һֻɱһֻҲʣֻо
οֻСȻӵҧԼټɳȥ»൱ֵĸ塣
Ȼɱŵһ룬ɺ֮ԺȴƮԼղſĻ桪
֣ޱرס˻ª׳档
ء
ԣ

ֻСС׳ǰֲûԳơĸס
ǡ衱
Щ޹ɳƣ͵ĵ·Ķ߲ϻ죬һڰ칫Լǰ껳ʱЩģƻĵһ
֪ԼӦñԻ󣬿ıȴȻܹһ·Ƶ顣
ȻôϲԼ
ɱֻŵʬֻСӵȵ۳棬Ӧûѹʹްɣ
ͷԺ˲䣬ĪأȻɱʧȥȤ
صݣϢţɭɭؿ˿ڣġĸס˵Ļ͸ʵ㡣
µ˲䣬ŵȻ
һ룬ֻӦòбޱȵ׳棬Ȼùޱȡ
ԸоԷɢ˿־塣
ôԼ˺

һЦ΢أøһЩ
վһһ뿪˲ҡ
ȻȥֱܴԼҲδĵطĶȴ쳣Сᡣ
رŻů壬ŷɴġ޹˹ȥ
һЩҪȷ
ȷ
*
һˡ
ÿһβ˯Уǻ᲻ε÷ɪ˹
ֻһεξƺĲ̫һ

εĲǹȥ
лԼΧվڸ봰ǰźģĲǰһ䱸ɭϵı䷿䡣ڵĵطܰʱʱԸоԶ𶯡
ƽҵķ䣬ȥϾɲɣǹֵꡣ
еȴһֱֵʵ쳣ι̣ڲ۵ĸǿĻ˲佫ڵﻯһҵࡣ
ߵȼԶϵͳ
0.5ڳ׽ǷΧڵгĿꡣ
һֵĸԺ
ʼղȥн𣿳ҪԼȺ䣡ǿǼ־һıһ޴һ֣
ϤԶഫתͷȴѾһЩİӡ
Ѧңڣ
ִûмѦң
µıʱȥ꣬ݣޱǣ۾Ӱġ
ڼУѦңƺҲδֵǵͬԼ˵
ʲôı
ɾָеɻʱξеġԼȴ˵Լ뷨ȻͬĻ
֪ʲôң
Լɳơ
ıֻʱ򣬲ҪʹıңֻҪʹıϵݣϵǱѾûκѶˣðɣ뿴˿˹˵ͬ˾֮⣬ѾûϢˡ
ǡ
ѦңɫȻ
ǡԼƽ
ֻаٷ֮һǧ֮һϣֻҪֻܹ࣬ҪܹκһǻǶý߾ȫȥȡ
֡˵
˵꣬Ȼֱ̧֣ǶԴ¼һ㣬Ѧңڵļ򣬽ţתڶԷΪ֮ͬ£ֱ߽Ǽ䷿䡣
Ȼ־Ϳ÷ɪ˹
÷ɪ˹͸ξеѦңһȥǸˣǣȴ΢Щ̫һ
ͫĸߵȼ̬ȻΪ׼ϡ
û˿ı飬·𲢲ʱܻԼǹ
ڲֵĵ֮ͫ΢ǿȴĮָеһʹ
ֱǿİһ
Ӧ˵ǸͲǿˡ˫ɫУֻпԵı䡣
ǣξеġ֡ȫһ㡣
̬Ȼ÷ɪ˹ǰ
Һܺ档
Լ˵
ΪʲôҪϾǳӱ˵һȺڵk»ĿܶѡҲӦǡǸô˵ţȺ֮ġеһԱǣȴ㵽Ҫʲô
÷ɪ˹̧ͷĶ彩Ӳ˵Ե쳣ɬ·˽
ཻսǰ߾롮ĸס̫Զ£ڵսҪӵһ̶ȵʶӦ䣬Կƾӡ
һ˵ţһľлվֱǰչԼѪ˫ᡣ
÷ɪ˹ѪᣬѪȺҲϵսľԡ
һһ˵̬ĮȻһȻȴ߹ʣȴȥһ㡣
ҲǱĸ־ƵĿܣԼ־ṩѶϢΪҪ˵ָӹټ档
ֿԸоԼݵ˳Ĭ
ξȴظоˡԼ˿̶ݵԥļҵĶ
Ϊʲô
֡ʵ
Ϊڵ࣬нʣĵֿ÷ɪ˹Į˵ͨʱһСʱ֮ǰ˹ѱȫ
˫ɫξȻô
ǣַԸоԼڶǸ˵Ŀʱ鲼ȫľ
÷ɪ˹ûκѵıҪ
Ҫָӹټ档
ظ
Ƭ̺Լڳǰĳ˵
Ѿˡ


67 
ͨ޹ʮƧ, žΪе¶Ϊجζ٣΢΢ʼʱԵøԡ
вӷԸ, СĬĬһԸ׳ͣ˽šä׳ͷĴڿٲ, ƴȫز׽ſڡ衱Ϣ
裿
ĲѵĵʵһСμٶֻŵĳ
üͷ, ŲԶš
Ϊ۷۸ʴԵóª׳˸žӨ֭, ǵֻ׳Ϊصĸ塣ڲ֮ǰֻʣһǣ֫Ҳȱȫ, жޱ, ɳ۷ۺŹû, ԭͺͺһͷȻð˰͸ǼˣжʱĶҲѸ, Ȼ֮ǰϵĳ֫Ҳ³˳
µ޸
ǱܵȺ׳Ҳòһ㡣
˾ᰲʬѵоʱƺõʲôȫµͻơ

أ˻У˯Ҳüͷ壬Ե쳣ꡣ
Ϊŷԭ֮ĸϽͽڹȥѾ̫Ƶ⡣ø͵ȼ, Է֭Ϊԭ϶л, Ȼ, αԤλսعߴڡ
Ƶıʤ, ԴϰΪ
Ȼһᰲļðɶȷʵ̾Ϊֹ, ǴǿԻԵ֭, ĸöˡ
ֻϧ, Ϊ׳棬⼸ֻʵȻԭʼ̬׳һģһΪȴԭʼ̬Զ
Ūɳ׾أҲԻˣᰲ
૵
Ⱥԭ֮ĸʱһִ֪壬ӵ޿ɱϢơȻڻļôģô֧飬ǵúյԭʼ̬׳һȺ߹̵ĵ͵ǸȺ׳棬롰ĸסϸ΢ܵĻ
ǿԺԥڡĸסָΪĸȥǣǸͲöһġвǴ˿̵ʵʵΪˡĸסİȫԹ
ǵܣǶԡĸסУǲϳģ׳˵ǿֵԵʮֲȻ
Ҳˡֻ¶ӵҲɶҡ㡣Ȼԭ֮ĸԶԶᣬҲܣӵ¶ΪһֻҪȥСöġ
һ뵽֮ǰֱʣŬҪʹΪؿȻӿһꡣ
ġĸס󿴵ʬ壬͸ʵ㡣
ɫسֻ⣬Ϣ쳣䱸׳淢˺ǳ⡣
裬裡
ǣľ֮ǰһֱŲûзƣ߸ߵԼϰҽǰ֫ǰ˹ǰԤơ
۾
δ𡪡
һϸСˮȻ
Ȼͣ˽ŲûţɫԼԶĵ棬һС̯ɫˮȥǷɴϵͳ˹˼ιܵάҺ
ȻĹܵάҺǲŨңǺ˵ζġ
ߴĳζһԼ壬ɺ֮ɫͫӡ
ڿӿ۵̱ǵζԸоԼһһرȹ̡
̬𽥿ʼɢǲ־Ƶɢ
ªĳԭʼ̬ͻ̬չ¶
ͷ­˶ɺ츴ۡع̬ȵľͷȻ㿴һӰشӰ֮˳
Ҳһֻ塣
ζһ´ǣϳĳλܹ֮סԷΪһĸţչ˲ҿܱǳ֮ϵĸ
ֻһİ͸Һֻ忴ȥŹֶЦ
ȴ䡣
ʲôġЩҺȺȻ
ϸҺʱطճϵĸ֪ϵͳ
Щڡˮʴ»øһЩ
ǣѹҪѡһִ񡭡
̾Ϣ
ҺܱǸˡǲáˮĻǵʵûаհ
гţˮгŷɥȻǴĸķҺȡġ
εĿ¡ڳҺԭͲ޺ġӦ˵ĴȡĶȻǿҶԵġ
ֻǾ˽оʹ˸ȽֶηĸҺԴġʡЩһһĸߵȼӪҺġĸۡ
ЩʡУиŨȵ컯Ϣء
ЩϢһ룬ľ̾ͻῪʼȿܣܵȫʧأĳ̶ȡǵҲѸٵض컯ϢӦԭʮڷǳ̵ʱȫǵ᲻ͣɱ䡭ĻԼȫܿƵϸֻˡʡĳΪһûκȴиǿȹĻѪ⡣
ʼʱĸڵõЩʡ֮ҪսȻܿǾͷ֣ĸȡЩʡĹ޲ġ
ǣΪеġʡĸĻԳĸһϢٷӦζţǿĳҲ޷ӹʴ
֡ʡΪˮǳΪɵĴڡ
ЩΪǳֲӵķѾ֮⣬κһֻʹ
ڣȴԴԴϵشӴǳϵͳе
ȻչԼĳ򣬹õ΢ڿӣԼǿﶾԵ۷ϡ͡ˮɢĶء
Ȼɺ֮ǶжĳذסԼлеꡣ
ɫǰδе
Ȼˮֶˣǵ״ʲô
ʣҺİ΢΢һ£ڱȻηǰĸߵȼ塣
Ȼڿ־֮£Ȼޱȼᶨ
һжΪ˳塣ˣīسɹ棬ͽ޹صȴνԭ֮ĸعûκģսĸǵʱǵĻԶѡѾĹͷȺ䶼ӻǵĸߵȼ壬ǵҪ¡ܴڡⲻǳԳܵδֻд˾оΨһϣ
ꡭ
Ͼ
ȻڡˮĶأԼѵǰȻ޹˼ɵس
ΪĸסǣΪԤûκ塣ǣȴᰲǼһʧͿȳδ̫Цˡ
Ц˳
һλȷʵ޷ӵȱݣǣٴһֿܣˣŵǸδܶûСҪˣڱˮʴ֮ǰɱһ㡣㽫Գȥ
׳ģҳϡ
˵䣬ҺеĳȻϮ
֮ͬʱеϵͳڴ̶ľпʼ˴ĹϸܵͷҺ壬ÿһζǺɫģÿһζɢĶ

˸еĻ档
ͬһʱ̣ǳһˣ˾ᰲڼ̳֮ϡ
Ʈڰеİ͸ĻͶӨӨ⡣
ֻλߵĳ忴ȥʲôԶŵĳ飬ʵڵĳ塣
˾Įؿŷɴڲ̽ͷ͹Щ棬ĸпǣȴûκεʵС
ڻ֮Уǳľ󲿷Ѿ˾ԵĻҡ
ȱעϵͳеġˮڴ˾ָ֮±Ԥ֮С
ÿһֻˮ¼壬ں̵ܶʱڷ޷תػ䡣
ʼʱ޷סˮ˵ζʲôѷĵײ㴬գЩȵ¼̰˱ЩԼԼ͸ĺɫ֭Һ
ţǱʹధȻأҪãǵͻῪʼ͡ԭļ׿Ǵѣ¶ͷ䶯Ѫ⣬Ӧóϵĳ֫Լ٣賤Ӳһϵشӻڲ
Ҳ޴ĿҲῪʼ
컯ͬʱЩ˷ĳҲѸٿݽߣıܣнӴˮĳ壬Ὺʼ޲𹥻Լߵκһֻ
ǻߵȡġˮ
ڵִײ㴬յʱֱǵһǣܹ˿̵ĵײ㴬գҲֻܳϣڱ֮ǰֱã˿̣ǳͷβĵ
С
˻

ʬ塣

ڴո䲻ӡ
ȻᰲʵǺںײ㴬ڷ顣
Ͼڴǳĺڼ̳֮ϡڼƻʼ֮ǰѾ׷Ԥͨĵ·
ЩپʹҲܽ
ڵᰲֻһǾǣӼ
ᰲ˻֣еһĻٿȻ䵽ǰȻٿȻ
ͨʥ߽ӼǵͨڣһһѵأĹĳӡǰᰲȥӼ̽鰬ġ
һĻᰲ۾΢
ڹȥһϣѾ濴˺ܶΣÿһο͵ѪӼûһһ壬ᰲͻ滺һЩ
Ϊ֪ǰڸԼ
һֻȱִٽӼĳ˵ֻҪҪȡζһ˳𻯵ϣ
Ȼܿأ˾ͷӼǵ
ȫװСһ㿿Ӽȴû֮ǰЩȥġӪƷ
ȻڽĳС˵һֵҵ飬ɶڼ̳֮ϵᰲ˵ֱĳ
Ͼ̵ľǸϣִϣ
Ƿͣˡ
ᰲ΢Σص૵
ϵתԼػӽǣȻ۴ĸ򿴣ЩСӣûб
ǣдݶѾװֱߡ
ȻҲ˵
ûܼ⵽ε塣
ȴ֮󣬴˾ʧر۾
ʧƷ
˵
ȻͲӦöϣ
ʱһֱߵһֻ壬СطȰο
ǳϵİ£ֻǱһ壬ǵı֮֡ıôһС壬ȷʵ޷ﵽ𻯱׼ء
ҵȻ֪
˾俴ԼĹһۡ
ȻΪڵʲô
곤ӵ˵
ܵĳ泲֮£ᰲıȻڳ˯֮ǰϢʾڴǳϵİĲ忪ʼӼ֮Ǿ߳ªӴҲûдﵽر׼ȻҲԼĽӼס
üֻҪڽӼṩ㹻ĳֻۣʧܵƷȻлɹ𻯡
˾Լ˵
׼봬ɡ
һָ֮ԭƽº͵ģתͷԸ
˾
Ըɫ΢ףѾ׼һĵ֮ʱе΢Ĳ̡
Ϊᰲɱǳ塣
ټϷеЩ壬ֻٳԼ
Ϊһλߵĸߵȼ壬ᰲΪԼܲóıơˣļƻʵ൱򵥡
ǳڽֻһСͷɴΪᰲλԲΧʼ壬˴ʵңҲ˴άɴҪĹ
ЩʵǿԱȥġȻʧȥΪҪԴķɴ壬ЩܿͻķѣȻֱӱԶƶǿرƬƬƬ
ʮָɴؾܾṩĳ֮ᰲԼķʽӵһֻĸ
һ⵽뿪޹ᰲȡ˴ʩܹܵеġˮþ¼峹׷񣬱߷ĽųԱסڼ䣬ᰲֱ÷ɴ򳹵׷롣
ĸġ޹պñλں
ᰲĸ뿪ƬʱҲãλгҲãڡˮʴȫвɱκλ¡
ҡ
һصϮԷѾѹ𣿡
ᰲһɫ԰׵˵
ͥضҵķѵĴǳкǻֹᷢܵȫεʬһжպ÷ϷѾʽ
ɺ֮ػĸȻҲΡϮвѡ
ǣʵ̫ǿˣֻɳôһһȥӦĲ𣿡
㷲˵
ŭ˾Ȼɺ̫֮Ĵԡ
ǵǿĿãοɺ֮˵ǳɺ֮Ŀ¡塣
֪˾ԼİţǻΪĴڶ
˾Ц
Ŷõġ곤ãֻҪСˮͲܻ
˶٣ڰ಻סԼĵ̶յĶ⣬˵˼䡣
ֻΪ˱Լԭ֮ĸҳϣδȡκһĸĳۡ
˾ʼ磬΢Ц
ͻûгԹһֻۣӶ÷ˣͲֿܵˮʴ
ǵģɺ֮ȻΪˮ
ǳķǺҲڿµϮȫҲȫĲкⳡУΨһĸߵȼֻᰲʥߡ
ҳıǿ˳ȻͥʱĸѱתƵܻȥˡ
ǸʱĸӦѾ۳Ĵ̼£˳Ϊϲĳ˰ɣ
*
ó
öĵζ
ǱһɶֱѬġ
һ˲䣬ΪԼʲô̡
ĴöΪĥĻ̬ĿҲȷʵﵽˡ
ӯڱǶ˵ĶҪŻ
ʶعʵͬʱֱʶ
Ȼ΢΢һͱס˿ڱǡ
Ͱ
Ϣڶϣҧгݵط˷ǳСĵ
Ȼ۾ŷ֣ԼһƶĽ䡣
һֻ޴ɲ·ֲplusľ޴ɶγ壬ѹ
ϸ᾵ĳ֫ס콫Ϣ
Ȼֹ˺üӣֲʶԼΧ֮˻谵ΪǰĳǺ̺һ㣬ϡ
ɳɳ
ɺ֮͸۳ᣬĳʪ𽥿
ҪַĶ˲øŨˡ


68 
ɳɳ
ĳԽԽʱԵĶ
ӦǶ, Ϊĳ֫ڵʱǳر
Ƕ壬ӦҲ̫ŲŶ, ǣ˿ֻͶڵϵӰδҲ̫һЩɣ
ֲͷ͸ļ϶⿴ȥм֫ĳԵֱӲ˵ϣÿһ֫֫˶͵гС۴ϸںĽ״渹йɵʱʱڽ֫ë֮Ķ, ӳĹؽڴ
ֻĹ嵽ж, ף߸
ڵԭΣһֻ׶೤ķɶ, Ĺǰ, ҲԵøС
κ, 忿˲, ѾԾϢ, ƴȫϢޱȽ䱸ضϳʵĳ֮, ֻע⡣
˻˻˻˻˻
ֻĳ廹ֺͣ
ĿĦͣ, һ϶, ֱּ˻
ɫҺӹĿкʣеĶϢҲԡ
ûбĳסҰ, ֣ᷢѾΪˮɿɲľ޴, ˿ضԼͷĴ, ʶ׷Ѱһ˿޵㡣
Һ, ۷۵ĶضֱˮʴĳٻеЧãڶԷƴѰֺʱϸܵ۷Ϣذס˶塣ȻıȻڷߴֻ׷ѰĨ۷ȴĸֺ֪Աǻֻ֮ųصĲ뿪ǡ
¹ڼž
֮󣬸ϵĸߴһ£ȻһһѪصصڼѹʱ΢΢һΣˤ˵ϡ
ֽĻܣŷԼѾһǳİĵط
ڵĵطֱһСƬ֣ɫʰ쵣ɫĸߴֲ쳣سʪȥʪ𤡣̧ͷͿԿո߸񷶥ϵԴֱּΪԼִԽʲôԭʼ֮С
һ˶Ȼٵͷ
Լǵڷ￴ʱֻŻֿɲзǹڵӡڣֻ粻±̬ĳ壬ȥǱⶪﱻõĳģ͡ڱˣǶԳɫ쳣滹˺˺üĻڡ
ɫޱء
ô£ֻô£Բ̫Ծɣﵽ׷ʲô
Ĭһº΢׷ʵ˶ôءأ
̧ͷ֣ûеһʱӦԷ
Ѿ⸱ˣȴȻǿʣʼ̬ȻǿĽǣ̬ȥȳλҪҡϾ״̬£Щɼǵ˿ֻԵøɲ
ָ̬ưؿڡ
㿴˿ڣȫԼŪġΪ˵𣿡
ȻֵѯһСľʹ̼˳ֵġ
վ岻ɿƵһ£һƴֱͦ塣
ߣȫЩƨ⣬̫ˡ
άĮı飬Ӳ˵
ȵȡ㻹ûлشң⵽ô£ȥˣ
ֽʵ
ĸ׸ѵʱѾʶԼС̣Ȼ˸ղֻµĶҺһʵͲ̫ƾԼɵĻǹɵģǰ״ô붼֪൱⡪ܹı̬Ǳ˵ĳ̿϶Σա
ֵʻ֮Ĵ΢΢ѹһ¡
ȻֿЦ
Ҳ֪Ѿ˰ɡ
˶٣ֶȻò԰׵ݣЦŲ
㻹벻ĥ䣬ôľ㡣

ڡˮĸҪɱߣһ׵顣
ǵģͷ۷ۣҲ㹻ǿȻԽǸߵȼĳ壬ڳĸϢԽС
ǰ£ˮֱרſĳĴɱΪɺ֮ɹĿ¡壬Ҫɱֻߵͬʱֶ㿪ĴɽġˮҲʵЩѡҺãΣչͷͬʱϮֻߡ
ϵĸԭʼ̬׳棬ƫƫȴֵúȫܡˮӰ졣ֻ׳԰׸ɱ嶯ǳѸ٣ûκʧصļһƤڶûййʱȴԵøթ׺ݡֻ˽ŵûüֱӱҧ˾׵
һοʱֻ׳˺Ļ档ܴΪȺӵзǳǿֻŻȥ
ۿڴ壬û˿ԥֱóų˯е֣Ѹȡ
ûŵȥ򡣱ϾȣɱҲѾΣײ㴬Ѿ֮УԸоԼ־ΪϢûģ
ǽӴˮŻᷢ衣
еʱֻŵˮζҲó־𽥷
̫ˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
֪Ǵо綾ġˮȴȻƲס
ǴĸȡĶȻȻشĸеһֻ˵ֱǲɵֿļջ󣬱ϾȻͻĸ֭
ÿһֻ޷ӱܵԡ
кüΣҪ̽ԼĿ߷·૵ֻҪſ죬ԴڴڷЩɫ֭Һʲôüֵأ£ˮʴΪµĻѪǳ¡
ڳ׷֮ǰܡˮвЩ㡣
ÿԼ￪ʼƻ߽ʱԥ̧֫üֱ֫ӸԼ塣
ˮ֪óٶۣҪ˿ڸúſԵõʹиԼľҵʹԶݵ־һֱӵڡ
Ҳóϣڳ˯ӵ¶Ҳ벻ã޵㣬ϵģܰ㡪ԭ֮ĸ
Ļ£ˮջƺࡣ
ǣѾܳأû̫ġ
ȥϸ룬Ҳûʱȥ˼Щ
ڱ⣬ڡˮдԽãȻҲԲӵȳ壬ɥ֮Ȯһ˵ײ㴬ʵģ
ͨʵҿ࣬θޱȸӡ
Ϊ˼ЩʵʵеʵʷӦݣʵһһظ˳ԴȻ
ϢǣƬûϵͳҲζʱʱʱ̶̿޴ڵġˮ
ڡڲΣƷʵ塣
ŵײ㴬յĳʧأЩʵһͨմȾˮЩ¼ܻܿӵճάʵҹԱҲὫˮ
ΪߵȼΣյʵ壬ĳһ죬ֻñͨӳףҲԶԸ
ͱ磬ղŴ߻߹ľ޴塣ֻԭӦΪϱͶŵģģѾ͵ԭεʮ
֮ǰֵһӵȴмֵļһ
뵽㣬ͱ衣
ңҪֻҺѾױˮͬһԷ򶷲մȾԷѪҺҲֱӱĻ־͡
ԲΪֶ˽š
Į
ֻǲԼˮʴһŶĵĹѡ
ݵһ˲䣬࣬ȻʵУһ鶼ûС˿ɺ֮һذһĿ̱
ֽһ»ǿָԼߡ
ûиֵǣֻҪģԵִһרݾֱͨ޹ִܹĻֲٵġˮΣա
ԽǿģԽǿΣնߵʵ塣ǵѾΣճ̶ȿѾˡ
ʵʵҡ
쳣׺ݵض˵
˫ɺ۾̲סüͷ
ȻôΣգΪʲôſأôص˻ңѾ׸˰ɣ
ʵ
˭˵˺صˣӵȳ壬ûгΪҵ׸ʸ񡣡
Ǳֵѯʴʹһ㣬ͷĴٿȻȻקסֵӣȥֱҪֻӵȳ塣
Ȼһ룬Ϊľʹƺһ
֣
ɫĪ⡣
˺ðСֱӣ߳ŭص֣ҧгݵطв
㲻նѣֵطΣգֻҪ㶪ȥͿЩעⲻǺȤ˵ЩһϲģӵģƷǲҪģ¡ĸס𣿺ǺǣЩļһֱӰǻؿʳ
һһ佫ʵԲϸ˵ʵ꾡
ţغһ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôôССһȴ˲伤̧֣ؿסֵ塣
ܣ
ı鼸ġ
ˣ㻹ءùԹԵ۳档
ò˵вȷʵ൱á
Сǵ䣬̱ɫ
㣬ôˣ
ɫ
ߣ㻹лǡ
ûٽӺӵĻ⣬Ǵֱקֳģȥ
ȻţĽŲóٻɫҲࡣ
֮ǰԤƣӦõΣյĻ塣ΪˣϧֿԼһԳªĳ򡪡Ϊڵһʱܹ̬ͨȥԼֵΣ̬֮¶
קɫõĳڹ컯֮¡
ĳ˵ڵ̡
ȻȻûʲôãΪһ·ǾȻûģ￴һֻʵ塣
֮ǰڿռڲѰټֻγ嶼Ӱ
ռ쳣ž˺¡
صڿֻжʱģϸ΢Ķ
ƫƫģУѪĳЩֲҶϲŰɫҺ塣֮£żҲܲȵʵģҷǳСĳʬ塣
Ҳ񾭡
ٱ׾Ҳ֪𵽴ΣյıĵطĻӿֲеϸڶ˵һ£һһֻǳΣյĹ
ȻǸҲҲ֪
ֻѾֻ﾿ʲô
ΧԽǰ־Խǽš
ѩϼ˪ǣֺܿͷ֣Լǰ壬εĻζԽԽԣϢҲԽԽء
ÿһĽ±һʪĽӡɫѪҺ͸°ڡжУһֱԼĸ
ָҷģԼһָ϶УһЩ顣
Ӧòǳɣ
Ӧòǰɣ
㡭û°ɣ
ۿӰҡҡλΣ̲סʵ
ʻֻػعͷһۡ

ַǳΪѾûٿ˵ԲŻ۵ʾ
Ͼתͷʱֻ̬գ˳溢ķɳ壬ɫѾƵĻҰסϹеɫһһȥԭͷǳصĺȦڿȥһߵ
һҪͻȻرУԼ׸ô죿ܣǾ͵ضأ
ֿ̲ס˼һԼĺ·
ֻ֮һ·˳Ҫģֻɡ
ôһ˲䣬һɺȻڹļ׵
ֶʱë
Σգ
ΣյĶڿ
ִûоԼıܷӦǿҹǿҵҪг
ͬһʱ̣ȻҲ˲ԡ˶Ȼչ˫̽һѱס֡һֻ񡪡Ӧ˵һֻ޴ķɶꡣֱӻһСξ룬ȻһͷԽïܶžֲС־ֵУǶΪ˥ɫĳػǳǳɫ۳ᡣַ·һ㵭ɫıɴ֮С
ʶڽó̬Ϊڻ
ǵģĹԼ̬ӦÿԶΣղŶԡ
ȴ޷ΪųİӿѪ֮ҲŨأŨصҪǹǹɶġˮζ
Ȼֻˡ
͸ĳķ϶ֲŵؿŴӲݴ⡣
ء
ÿһӴϻĦͻᷢƵĦƳֻŶͷĿѣѪӿ
جʵеļ塣
롣
ֻ֪ı徿ҪöģŻڻ⸱ģϸ˵￴ȥĳֺֻǵĵĺҲڳ⸱ģ͹ϱ鲼ۿɼʹѪܣ͵ĸѾŵ͸Կ֧飬ûбȫĳʬƬĶڶ
һǳª˼㣬Ψһŵܾǣô֮ǰֻôˡ
ֱ㶵ضֻεĳ壬ƴסŻµּ޷ǿƵǿ
ģһ߿ɡ
ִû˿ϣĵƴ
ȻԸΥֻĳȥ޴׾жǣȴ׾ٵؿαװ
Ļγƶ壬ֺķǰС
ֿԸоս
ֻ巢ǡ
ֺһ㡣
ģû˿ֿӵ¶˶ֵȫӲʶ̧ͷ۾
˫Ѫĺ˸޷ĸС
ֵͷһԼпܾҪԷȥˣ˵Լǣס˵ն
ǣȴֻǶһЦ
޴ΪʲôֵͼӵȵļһͲǼһһڳԵġ
־۾ףΪʲôȻȻе̬
ͬҲ޷Щٶһ
ģ¶ӣ粻ĹŹֳ壬ȴڴʱȻԼ
Լȴתֱӭֻ𽥿Ĺ
ӵȳ壬ȻԶһ㡣
ֻʱһֱ̱ĳ
ôԶľ룬Ϊʲôǿ԰Ǹ˵ôأ
ַ·ĵиԼ


69 
ֵܵϢԶȥ, ɺ֮Ҳάֲסֱͦ״̬һ£Ȼֻ𽥿Ĺǰָ˳̬
и˿ڱ, ظоԼļ˥
˵ȷʵ̫, Ȼ, ҪڡˮĶ±־, òĴۡ
˻˻
εı·Ҳ֮һ룬߸ϰһĳͶµӰѾӴ󵽿ȫס塣
ȿȡ
ƿһһѪʻغ
ֻԷУҲеĲظԼ⸱ҿɱģֻܹ³Ŷأ
Ѿȥˡ
֮Ӧù˶þͻᱻԷ˺ɣĵ׳
ʵҪǰֻӵ۳涪ȥʱֻעս飬Ӧǿ˳ֻ, Ͼ֮ǰĶж̫Ѹ, ҲǺܸߵӡ
ǡ
ԼΪʲôûôأ
ǡˮԵʰɣʵԼѾڡˮʴ¿ʼ־壬𽥷, Ż޴ѡ
һѹեԼһֻ, һĵ׸ԼΪҽڡ
ȻҲΪĿˣô˵, ޷ʵԭ
뿴ȥ
ûϵ, ֪
ǻ谵ﷺů
û, һúɣ
΢
ء
Ҹؿڶʼ۵ģӹɵȰ

һ̣ɺ֮վǵóϣԼʵѾҡˡ
ֻ֪ӵ۳ֻǷƷȴȻ޿԰ε˶Է֯Ļ֮С
ϾѾȴ̫á
ǱصļԶ֮ǰֻĸסСӵغһ𣬵ĵȴʵʧҪ̫̫࣬ࡣ
̫įˡ
̫ѹˡ
̫Ҫõһůӵˡ
ԡ衱ӵ
ԣڰ칫ﱻֱסһ˲䣬įѾ϶ˡ
ǼٵҲûйϵ
֣ǡ衱

˻˻˻˻˻
γζ壬˸ӱ˻ʱصĻſԲԼĲԾӦڡˮ³׿ҵĻʱȴֳ΢ڴʱȥԶָȤǶ
ɰ˵ԶԼĿȷŶԡ
˻
вĨ΢ŵɢˡ
役ó壬߿ಶʳõĴ룬磬ûκǣЩʱֻܿģĲӰ
ûκܿͱֻªĻγĴ̴壬ڽӴЩ˲䣬Ϳʼľ
õĳζѪζȻӿͷһ۾ͿԿԼ봩λѾʼʴɵεʵ֭Һ
Ȼ󣬻鶯Ŵ룬ֻ΢΢һ㳶ԼĿڲ
Ŀŵúܴ󣬾׽Ħ죬滹մȾһʳδȫĥɾʬƬ

Įؿ⣬﷢һ˿Ц
ʱһ
һ˵еɺ֮֮ǰָ̬˵ȺеĴͳϰҲãֻֻĳҲգɺ֮Ĵ˵У֮ǰ̬ôҲģ
Ļһܹԭ֮ĸλߵĴڻǸһЩ
ԣɺ֮˵񶾵Īڡþֻӡ
Ȼʱ˿̣ƲĺͷȴֻǲЦţԼųģӶԼĳһϮ˻۾
Ҫȡʱ䡣
ΪôСġĸס
ΣһֻɱֳªĳӣҲҪܹܵٶһ
*
衭
־ҵشŴæҵزǰֲֱƴܡ
ɾʱԶԶشӺ󷽴˶̴ٸ߿ģڹС

һƺߣʹҧסԼ촽
ӿֵ󣬱ֵĻ
衭ءʹ
𽥺ͶĻغһ
ͷۻ¡
һСģֵڵء
ֲҶƬģʹ˲ӣֵһȴһģ˼
ںԼΪʲôڷ֪ģʶƣ
ʯ䣬һ
ԭͣһ˲һ룬ҧתԼʱķ񱼶ȥ
ܻػڵλʱĸպñֻɲſڣߺ޵ҧһĻĹɹֳֻªĻͷһ˺ۣҲ˿ڣһ۾Ϳ֮ǰԼȫӵϸڣֻɲ͵ͷϣһȦϸǳ·
һΪĿι壬ڴܴ̼׷ΪһڡҧպþںͷһȦϸϸĳݺۡ
Ȧݺ۵ȱСٺԵݺӵѾȫεĿģֻͷϵİ̺ۣһڡļֱһģһ
ͣ¡
룬ֵϳΪʹޱȿĻ
嶯΢٣˶ͷ΢΢תһ¡
ȻͷϵľʹԼѾˮŤ飬ûа취һʱסԼɱ¾
ֱ־ֱ嵽ǰſ첲ǿǿסǰһ㡣
һڡ
ԵĻҾͲϲˣ

ججΪʶϤ𽥱
굽޴йֻ޲𹥻Ҳʼƽ
һڡ۾ͷԼǰС˼꣬ˡ
˻˻衭
ʴӳªð˳
һڡȻͷ¡¡ڵĥһֳĺۼ
裡
еغصĳΪƴĴ򣬼ȷƷ
衭һڡ䡭ˣ
Ͱ͵أѵ֯ԡ
гκͿֻ˵˵ţѾְͬ˶ȴֳƵί޴롣
ǣʹ裬ʹ
ΪˮԭҪþòΪɳǷ׷׿ʼ˱졣
һڡҲӵԼǿ塣
֮ǰŵŬرá衱ˣȻεʱ޿̲ڴʹ۳ԶٶúܶܶҲһƬ磬ֻʣɺɱ¾ıܡ
ǣһڡվǼǵõġ
ǵá衱ζ
ǵԼԭʼĿ
Ҫǿãá衱
Ȼá衱
ǿִáһڡάסһϡǣûиͬǰ볹׵ķҲˣΪ˴ģǿһֻ塣
֮УһֱڴǻţԵɵɵѰĳڣ±ʱʵѾ̫ǵԼҪ˭
ֱᵽ˿ޱϸ΢ģϤ


70 
֪, ֪һڡˡ
ֵܿ죬̧֣Ŭšһڡʮֲɰ塣
һ, ʹʹͷˡ
Ѿİ, ͷһƬհףֻѭֻܺſ
̫֪Լô, , ϳ֮֮ǰԵúܿġһڡȻָӡ
ȥ, ͸ʱһԡ
ǿס̫Ѩʹ, ڡһڡ, ɿ
ڿԷ˿̵ģֵĺһ, ֪ԼǷˣڡһڡĹԼ˺, ȫһ֧Ŀģ
϶࿴, Լʲôġ
Ȼһ뵽ԷͷߣԼӭһڡʱıӰ, վǿаеĻ, ߣȻ, ֽѾ̫屧˻
ͷ­ֵı䴦ζš
ҰɫһƬ䣬ĿҲѱûɢ
ֿʱ, ֻ徹Ȼһر̬, ĻΪ, ԷԼʱѾˡ

ֿŻеĳ, ȴ֪Լ˵ʲô
ˡ
ְӳҲظ֪һ㡣
Ȼָʲôó桭ȴһ̾Լңģǡһڡ
һϢֵǰδеĸӡ
˵еĲ
ʱֿҰ׵촽һ¡
ʲô
æͷչȥ
ĸס
һĺԳ崽й¶
ֲһ
ʱѱޱȿնȻһ˲䣬־Ȼã·ֱضԼ
ĸסĸ衭
ȷʵڿԼġĸס
ΪĻþУԼȻڿ˻Զģס
ԭ֮ĸס
Ư԰׵ݣĻӵ
ΪһڿһУ˿̵Ȼԭ֮ĸĿ⡣
һỺ۽ǻ䡣
𣬱ҡ
̲ס
һúܹԡһᡭúǿ󡭡ԣҪҡĸס
Ʋסزͣ˵
ģĺڰһûֻɱģδõκĳ塣

ĸסĸ𣿡
ʵУüͷһһĺ
ҲΪЩȫ޲ߵġ
ƺҲֻﺰ裬ʱʹԼĳۡ
Լĳ۶õĻ˵ӦöҲðɣ
ɫһһᡣ
óûɶϰǸֱ̬ĪἺΪ˾Լı̬Լĳۣĳλİӳĸٻеϰġ
ȻҲûüԥãΪۿֱ￪ʼɫˡ
ôֻҰ׸ɱһȾӣǸģ
ɶַɾӦɵ鰡Ҹʲô
æҵæ̽ԼĽ
ȡ֭Ĺֱ̼֮ǰĻҪ˳ҧгݣǳǿؼ˺þãŷǳѵȡһۡȡ֮һֱˤڵϡ
ֺѪһǰ󷢺ڣòײסΡ
˻˻
̴ˡһڡŵĵ
û£ġ
æ˵
ûֻӴȴȻСûʲôĳӣʱŸˡȻšһڡ״ͽűۿžҪƨ־ȻҲǿгסûе¡
ġһڡͷٰꡣ
ţְ̽Եؽе֭Ĩ˵Ĵߡ
Ǳ˷ҵۡ
ֵ
ϡ֭ɿݵĴ֮С
ʼļӣͬʬһŵԭ
ȵȣ˰ɣι
еš
û£԰ð˫ٿȻֱ̽ӿסϢٵɺ֮Ȼ̧ͷ˵һɴؽֱֵ̰شвĳۡ
˻
˴³ĶһԵġһڡɴ۾ʶſ˿׼ֱӿֻΪֳ塣
𣬵ȵȡ
ŵæֹ
Ļδ䣬ͿͷҲֱ̧֣ӵˡһڡĶͷм䡣
һĶ̽вԵض׼˻γ塣

ĵĴ廹δȫ޸˺ҲȻѪһ̣ȴ
ǡĸס
֮Уɺ֮·ԼԺк˻С
ôûϳء
ǡĸס
֭ԴԴϵӿĿУڸߵȼʶĸ֮£˿ڿʼԾ˵ٶȷɿϡ
ǣ˿ʲôģġ
ǡ
ĸסΨһҪ⣬ҪӵĴڡ
ϵļȿܣȷʵ޸֭֮ǰһϢĴϱŷ˾˵ơ
һڡתԴ۾𽥸ֳǿҵ
Ҷһڡ
ֻϧĸ׵áһڡòŬԼĹ
ҲԹ˰ɣ
سȻؽԼִ߳˳
һ۷ڡһڡͷϣǴʱǵ֭ѱøɸɾһβʣ
ûüٿڣ߾ɳƵ
ҵĴûܿסԼΪ
ǫֱ˾ëȻ
ͫ׾𣬳Ծؿ
Ȼĵĸߵȼ壬ʱȻֱǰ¶ϵ֣˳ɫȴ쳣سտ
ͷҰɣճյؿ֣ͫз·ʪˮ⣬֪ˣ֮ǰȻ飬ðңδܱԸһгͷĸס
ң
ֺëƲס˺ü
ǰɫȺѾ˵ʼеԼղŵʩȾٶ
㣬㵽ں˵˵Щʲô
ԭ֮ĸ˵ϥĽ֣ڣصˡ
һ˵ţһ߸
ޱ̹ȻؽԼҪ¶ֵǰ
֮ǰһֱðδϳ޴׾ͷңĸףκηʽͷҡ
һ룬ǹǹڣľࡣ
ҸͲ֪˵ʲô֮ǰңҲ㣬塣
ɫҪװ侲ڷ
壬еǹʵҲڲ
ǹ֮ǰڽʱҴĳһСʬкģȻָ֪ܶߵȼûʲôãֺǹ֮ԷȻΪ־壬Ϊҡ
ֻ
ɤʵ


71 
ǳ, ʥʹù洢֮ڣϣҺͲ֮С
ĳֱϣչֳǰ˰̬, Ĵͳչ¶˳, ÿһ֪ëڽ״̬ϣ˻谵Ȼظ֪Χ״
ôԶԼʱɵΧһжڳ׵ļž֮С
ûл
һֻҲûС
ĻȴûκοⱾӦǺϢϣɫȴأǵú, Ƭ֮ǰ, ˲ȫװĳʿ
Ƕָ֮½Ӽ, ʥᰲӵʵ, Ҳݸ߹ѡ, ô֮¶Σս̽鰬춯ԭҲġ
ǣЩʿжôѵ, ҲڰϣĴҲ޷֪ǵжǡ
ڽ֮, Ѿȫʬ塣
뵽ϣüһ, ɫ
ķִĳ̶ֳҲ֤ʵǸĲ²⡣ϣڵִָ, ڽ￴Լϵ˾
ڲ֮ǰͨвݵļܳ, ѾһҲһȽγɵĽ֮С
ʬ帡, ͷȽ֮, ׵ͷǶѾΡ
ϣûֻܳ߿ĿǰֳһȫΪҪͻȽţֱײŰ壬¹Ѷ
ϣֻܳ棬Ȼ˳ִʬϼ˶Էĸնˡ
ڼܳնֱӰ˽ŵĿϡܳΪ֮һλȨ޶ܸߣյ˵Ȩ򿪴뿪
ǣʾȴǡ
״̬޷Ӧָ
ϣƽؿĻ

ʵϣ֮ԻжΪڽ˽Ӽ֮һһȵĽںԤ׵Ȼ£ϣִĳʿ糹׸
׳ﱻ˸Ͻդڣֻǰ޷ˣͨľͷȴЩǡȴǵʲôأ
ϣû̫˼ȺĳͬһͬͰذָڽ䱸
ֱ˸ᣬ뿪˴󲿶ӡ
Ȼûйãͷ֣Īذ
֡Ƶİ
Ӽͨ۸ӣûκָ£ϣȴ֪·һ㣬Ծ˵ٶֱӾ˽״֮ԥվתһȥ
ڿһпʼġ
ʥ߽Ӽλá
ǽں컨Ͼ͸֮ǰ·һ鲼Һ͸ɱıĤ
ϣ̧һ£еʱĤʵضѾ÷ǳɳڸû̫Ļԡû˿ԥϣֱ˺˱ĤѪɵ˹ȥ
ϵ۹𽥳ЩδȫĲкÿҲ֪ڴ˴ĳʿУⲢ⡣ֻһ£ֻ̰ĹﾹȻûȫǣֱӽк
ճ˵ͻȻֹ֮ͣɣͨζŽӼߵʧܡ
ǡ
ϣüͷͨ£ҪǱĳֳҲöԷѾˡ
ʱ˿ֱ̣ȴ²ûô򵥡
ں£ϣֱߵ˽Ӽһ䣬ڰι̵ĽΡ
ʱֱǹθһǽ䶯Ѫ⻹ЩĻԣڲлﾭЩһ£̽԰׵Ĵͼϣϡ
ֻϣһ˲䣬ЩӦĴȴǱ̵һ㣬̾ʧȥĻֱӸɱԭ
ϣû̫ЩֵһĴ롣
ڷģһ۾Ϳڽƽ̨ϵģһ㱡İ͸İɫƤĤ
ϣӣǹǹǷ·һƤĤ
ƤĤܴ֤֮ǰŵĻ޴
ʵԼұʪҺ˵ƤĤ˾ڲ֮ǰС
ϣñ֮ǰ䡣
ӼǶôɲϵġӼǡʵôһ㱡
ͷѾˡ
ȻѾ𣿡
ϣҲ֪Ϊʲô뵽£΢ĲˬС
԰һ֪֮ɱģڹǿŶԷӼǣϣȻԼг˶԰ɱ⡣
ͺ֪ԼӦðѶԷɵ
ȻɵԷ
ͻĶܿͱϣѹĵס
ûв׽κ𻯺ɳϢǼһھ
ͬʱ˳һģڽӡһĺۼϣܿͿ˽ǽڵĶڡ
ڵȻԭʹڵģǱ֪ĶҺʴ˽ġ
˿̶Լпӿһ˿ģʪˮ
֣
֪ΪΣڿʴĶ֮ϣʶ뵽˱Լꡣ
ûκԵɣϣȻʼ
*
һߡ
ģ
ĸף
ĳֻߵȼؿǰ档
峺Уӳ˳ǹýݡ
ɺ֮գգ۾ɫãȻΡ
ڸʲô
ʵ
ٷϻ˭˭ĸסôң
Ļҵسͺ
ȻԼνĹʺԭ֮ĸ
ȻֻǺۣͿȵسΪĸס£˾š
ô˵ȷʵĳԭ֮ĸһµġ
ųĸѪҺԳĸٵۡ
û뵽Լһ˲ĺģȴ¶ԼǸݡ
ֻŵһ
ҵֻӲصȥˣ
ùֳĸسǰı̬
ֱǸ֪һ㣬һԵġһڡ̽˳ª˶ͷ­ԱĦ˿
ԵһڡιŹֵ壬һڳ°͸ڳ̨ߣ۰ͰͿлȵˣһʱֱӴӲ˰ϼһĴһ㡣
һ㶼ɣֻҪԼ΢ᣬһڡͻᵱϰˡ
áһڡԼݾͲ¶ˡ
Ժз·жħڵ
⺢ӶѾôˣԲҳԶˡ
ִ˸սϽǿµͷѹĵס
ͬʱԴĶҲֱˣǹǹֻûڳ˼Ӳͷǹó
գգ۾ûΪִʱĶκβ
ǡǡ෴̬˳ֺ󱳷
Ӧγƺأĸףس˵ֻԭʼ̬׳棬ʱǴʵǲûΣա
ڶݵ֮ͣȵıֲ̬һ䡣
ܱǸҾãҪȥѰǡûǸҪ
ûбҪ˵㣬ȥǣ
ֱ˵
ᰲ²㴬ͷˡˮĿľ²㴬յĳ׻ңǵһ㣬Ǽֻԭʼ̬׳Ҳ޷ѡˮʴӦѾĻ壬ͱ˵һ˵һƳԱƴˮġһڡ
Ȼûаѻ˵꣬˼ȴ
ˮʴ֮󣬳ڶʱ֮ڻ÷ǳǿŤܿ죬ЩͻΪ͸֧ɿȥõ³Ҳǻһ̯ɢŶѪˮ
뵽˸һ¡
֮ǰжãڽܹ֮ڡĸסߣػĸסģԼ
ҲֻԼ
鱻һֿϲ֮СǿҵϲãƵĻ㱡
ֹһۣκĸƷԭ֮ĸĿĸڲҲɺ֮һͷβķӡ
ڣеĿȣеζõ˻ر黹嶼Ǵģɾġ
ȵԼģĸסĻع顣
Ŀϲûг̫ãΪֺܿ͸֮ĻӦ
ôһڡҲʴˣǣҾںܹԡ
ֶݺݵس˵
ǡ
ҪΪĲῪǹҪٵʱˣ
ĿҪ񶢵ÊLë̬ҲԽԽ
ֲͷ²һ¡
һĻ
ĸס
ǵԼôƺ΢ͷؼһƺ
衣
֣
޿̵غ
һ£һ뵽ĸסȻԼֱӳƺ֣һȸԾ
֡
ô֡
ôĳƺ
ֻԺкҲеҸ
Ǹֳ˶ĵЦ⣬˳ӵشӵվֻǹָԼʱеؿڵ
̫ģҾԲ֮ǰ޴ΥָˣֻҪԸҶһ߾ȫشɣҡȻǲĵĻԳ￪ǹ
˫סְֵֵؽ̵ŶԷ
⼸طǹĻЧظҴʹࡣܱǸڲҵҪǹΪһҪ
˵תͷһۡһڡ
Աߵֻֻ컯ĳ̺ܵͣʱнһʧصΣգǺܺõĻѡ񡣡
ġĸסǹӶԵô׾

Һϱ̬ˣ
֮ͬʱֵڷź
*
ֵȻĳֻεֱӶǹ
΢ؾãԼҪǿǹˣֻ̬ܻӿġ
ò˵ֱֵܶԣĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵִʹࡣ뵽Լ֮ǰֱֲֳΪͽõ͸еޱʹ࣬޲ܹԼõͷ
õͷԼͿԸĵط̡ĸס
ڣûеõͷֻǿŶĳЩӵȶļʣ˳ӵشֳֻԭʼ̬׳ʵȥ
ҺãǰʵӦûܶΣգһΣһԸõرԼԼж֤ԼԶǼֻ׳桪Ҫֻª޴Ļʺϳ䵱ĸס

ͬأУҲһֱúܽ
ˮĿѾʶˣԽǿʵԽΣյı塣Ǻܻܿǰĵ·һϵеս
ҲӦЩ׼
ʵȴǣһ·ߵüֱǷƽ˾
һڡȻһֻжٻòªҿȥ־Ҳ̫ѵĻ塣Ĵڣı汾ܣȫԶԶرܿһˡ
ڡһڡҡҡλε䶯쳣ĵѹУ˺̵ܶʱִʵ
һͬνŵķʵһοԼĳǡ
һŵţֻ԰׵׳棬壬ֱԲεķ֮С
Ϣﻹ⣬ûСˮĺۼЩ̷ǳ˵ӹ˱ˮȾˡ
ȴеĲֻСһһģҰ׵ļ׿Ǳ渲ŵɫ˪ǿȥǳ걾ǻ
о̫Ƴ֣һӾͳˡ
ôˣ
̲סʵ
ʮźؿһЩ׳棬ǾȻȫûκλı֡
ȻתͷֵʱѾָ˵º͵ģ
벻õģֻǱⶳˣֻҪнⶳɻָж
˵
ʵһֶԳ˺Сжķʽ
ڰ칫ﲶ׽ֻԭʼ̬֮ҲûжʣǸɴ˺˼Ȼ۷۵£ԭʼ̬Լʢмܵĵز
ֻʱãأ֮ʣµļֻԭʼ̬׳ȷⶳ
µҲ֪ǵʱɴЩһȽϺã㣬áĸסл谮ЩȥǳɵĳȽϺá
еִԭʼ̬壬һǴ֮ĹƮĳѷġ
ЩһڿȥͦСĸסϲ˭֪ûʲôأ
Ȼϣִֵĳ壬ô˵ȻֵҪٵģҲֻ˳ӵǰ˷ⶳʩ
ⶳҪһСʱ䣬ĿǰСǻûôɲô˵Щɫ˪ʧֵǷ
Ҳһ˲䣬һǿҵϮֵϥһֱӳŵ浹˹ȥ
Сġ
һֱڹע֣ʱ˹һѱס֡
裬ôˡ
ŵôǶǼ˸ǿƲסزͣ
̿ʼֵ״
û¡
üͷʶ˵
̧ͷߣ־Ϊʱıԭء
ɫǰδеء
ǷѾܾöûнʳˣ
ɳƵʵ
仰Цһ
ղŹ⿴ǸӣȻΪԼôˡ
ҸղֻǽŹͷѡ
ŴĻѳȻ˳ֱͳӪҺ׼һЩ
ԼΪѪǲγ
ɾͼÿӪҺԹʱɫ԰׵ȴֱӰϡ
˫ʺгŻںѹ
ŵؿ֣૿ڡ
һֱڳֶЩһﾹȻź𣿡

ԣҲҵ֮ǰҲûϳԲּ֮ࡣ
ʵصš
һ־ͿȻԼżǰ
ĸףҡ
ǳɳơ
ṩģʺʳõġʳ


72 

ǹŵ, Ǳܵظо˲
ʳʳʲôʳҾӪҺͦõġ
ָɰͰ͵˵ΪȽ, ɫ԰ס
һĻ۵ףҵĸס۳۲ѡ
ûа취ӪҺмȡ㹻Ӫ찡, ô, ȴֻ׳桭
ֱڴݲԼ塣
ԼҵֻС, ֻ׳ȴŽɳǿ, ׿ǼӲ, ˶һιǺ֭ܶܶɣԼѾôˡһ뵽һ㣬ʱ絶ʡ
ĸܹ֭ΪгĶͣȻΪӵͨ۾޷ṩĳ֭ĸҲǺ޴ۡʵϣĸÿһβ۶ɺܴġǰ£ӹ񣬳ĸӳѨ֮, ԼİԴԴṩֶ档
ڼæµķֳ, ĸ󲿷ʳڷڼеģԸŨȵġӪҺʱԴԴϷƣֵĳĸ
иǿȷֳȻĸѡġʳΧ͸ӿһЩ³, ֻǱеǿökṩԼһΪʳ, ÿһѡڳĻж⡣
ѪҺöԳĸľҳϡ
岿, ˵֫ؿΪǿ鼡, ȺԳĸ
ϢҺ, ǳԳĸֿϢҺܹṩ٣һֻͨƳĸעڣھ£˵ǡʳ˵ĳֱĸĬȨֻܳĸ谮İ³ʸĸṩϢҺΪӪ䡣

ȻĿǰ£ԼûʸṩϢҺȻԸṩһЩʱ伢ġС족
ҪҵѪҺҴδȡκһӵۻ֮ķҵһֱŶҳϺ;ԵĴ
ּ򵥵ؿĸʳ׺ĳĻʶпɾѧѹûеĿɿڴַӦڿȵ֮УСԼ֫֫⣬пԼ
Ѫӿ˳
ΪԵʣɺ֮ѪҺȥһŨɫҺ壬ǲ̫}ˡ
Ǳɰ˰ֵĸ֪ٻǱ֮ǰһЩģ˿ѪҺ㿴ȥɿڵĵͣȥҲǡ
ȥȻͦġ
Ѫζ֪ΪΣصУŵѪָеǰδеļʡ
Ҷϵҳϡ
ϥ˼ں˵֣ޱеȰ˵֡
ôһ˲䣬þɴԿȻһ̣Ժиֳֻ¶ס
˵ʲôĸԳԵġʳΧܿ㣬˵׳ĸȫǿԼúͰΪİµЩkɵĸ廹ҳϲãô붼úܲԾɡԼҪôа
͵ҧһ⣬ʹһȻѸѹ
ҲŲҪ
˺޲ǽȥдžܾ
ǡ
ɫۿԼϵ˿ںܿΪǿʼϣɺ֮зˮ⡣
ܾʳܿͻøļˣңڸտʼ뻻ڣڼûкúýʳƤڻ÷ǳѡ
Ƥ˵
Ĵػζţ̰ؼȡſдɢζӡֵºƽȴԼû·ĸо
ûע⵽ĳ򣬿Ҫˡ
̫ˡ
ԭ֮ĸعʱΪʲô䵽ȺʲôĴУѾôԵĻףȴȻԵ¶棬ʲô֪
󣬺ܿĸͻῪʼɱ䣬ԭڵλû۵ʽң⣬΢һ¾ͻֲʵĳҡ
ȻеĳΪ𻯶ҪԼֺӦޱȼѵӼһĸ׶ҲҪǳϸµչ˺ι
ѾֹֻĸĸųԱűչ˵߰㣬СġĸסĽ֮С
޲øɴ˺Լõǰ֫ÿǣڳ𪵯׷ιԷȥ
Ǵ˿վǰԻ޷ӦԼݡ
ңҶ˵Ҹʲôƨĸ㲻Ҫ˵ֵĻˡ
ҧгݵغ
УС۵ģҶԵûκȤ
֡
촽ţȰ˵һ£ɾʱҷɴȻľ޴
Ȼ󣬷ɴʼҵ
ҪԼݵĻԼ⧲֮䱻˶˹Ͳϴ»
ڵһʱԼ屣סֺɣԼֱܻڽ컨ҳһǳǳ
żʮ֮󣬲ҵĿ𶯲ǿǿƽϢ
ֻԭڲڵڴ˿ѾתΪ˲Ľ̬ú⡣һж·Ѫɫ֮Сûб̶豸Ʈ˰С
ȻڸղŵֱʧЧˡ
ֵһʱСǡллأЩⶳСǵװǱ̶ڵذϵģղŵ𶯲ûи̫ˡ
ڼвݵľУЩʱⶳڼС
ȻԱԼĸǣһڡ״̬Ͳ̫ˡֻΪˮʴûӴ壬Ҫࡣ
ͻʧأȫ֪λˡ̺ܵͣԭͺȫƺԼǲȻ͵壬ڣ͸ӳٻ׾֪ˡ
ƴȶԼĳú󣬡һڡȻֻһƮһ㣬ãȻ޴رʵҵĽ䡣
ûб̶õĽԼһЩƮǰǡõסͨ·
衪衪
һڡţ˲ٴڰշ裬֮ǰ쳣ײеĴִʱΪϸһڿƮ
ܲҡ
ҺܺЦ
һڡ侲
˺̵ܶʱͰ˾ʧġһڡȷһڡҲûʲô˺
ղǱը
ᰲ
ֵѯʺ񶾵ͬʱ
˳ȥһֱʱֲŷʵҵǽǶһԲ˿̴޷ӵĳȺɫըâӴ󵽾˵ľ޴ɫ塣
ǳ״ҾͷɴǸۣ˿̣Щڴӷɴ뿪Ĳ֣Ҳ˶ԵøⴥĿġ
̫Ӵˡ
ǾǱըǱϮµķɴ壬ǷɴһֱӴϻ롣
ȵȣǡ
𾪵ؿǰһĻֱԼ۾
CķԼǵЩһûκεǣһֱǷɴصĲƷ֮һǱ߳˹ϣвȻԽЩCȼڴǳڲ͵ģԡ
૵˵
Ҳȱġ
ɫࡣ
ڿĹ˲䣬ͷӦ˹
һж˳£ײ㴬ձһƬҵġˮԼλ˽ŵԼ˿ڴӺĲ뿪ķɴΧṹ

ᰲҪһֻĸĸԶڽšڽͣٵʵڻصұҪʹáˮӦѺڹڷѾϣЩһϲ崬ӽϮ
ڣǼһҪֱӼʻǳ뿪Ǽһļƻһ޴ֶġ
ͬǣᰲεļƻȷʵЧˡ
ؽңӵһλҲ˾޴Σ֮С
뿪ĴڵЩô죿¡ˮҲʴеĳ塪
ֻû˵꣬ͱһѱס
ĳǴȵȼ͵Ĳֿʼģллأǻһʱ䡣ֲ˫Եüٶֽţǵ뿪ǰһζģҾԲ鷢ϡ
ͫ΢
ȵȣⶳûɣҵĺǻ
̲ס
ˣ鿴һ½ⶳĽת˲֮жϡ
⼸ֻԭʼ̬׳ⶳȫж֮ǰڵƬѾǳȥˡ
ҷɴϵͳѭϵͳԼϵͳŷɴĺеġ
ζţһȥǿߵȼҲֻʮӵʱ䡣
ȻҷɴΧΪһһĽײģʬƮԶϵĻǻᱻԶǿųǵȻֱ׹УԷʹ˺Ƭ
ıĽɺ֮Ҳϡ
ûн̫࣬ס֡
ű۷۵ͷţĳĸеͿܶɳڡ

һڡֱײڽ﷭ͼֹ
ҼܺЩļϻ˲˿ڣҲһֺ̣ȻʶһڡҲǵΪʧЧŻֻ忴ȥѾҪꡰˮǿڷɿ˥ȥ
һڡܿˡ
ͣ£ͣ£
ֵɫҰףȴûĿܣɺ֮˶Լĳ£ĶӯѸݣֱӶȥ
ҽֻϸĴ룬ͼֵԸסֻǲͷػ˻֣׾ͰֻĴֱжϡ
һڡ
裬衭
ֻ巢ļкͼصײ
֪ΣҲܾ³Լȥ뿴ҵãѵϣҶ𣿡
Ķֽ
һеҡ
һߴַɿ쳯źȥһ˵
ܵһ˲ĳĬգգ۾ɫޱС
ûκһֵֻáĸסΪȥðաǼֻ׳϶Ҳôġ
ŬذŻġĸס
ҺܱǸʧȥǼֻӣܿͻиĺӵģǻǿ󣬸ǿ׳
ԼչˣĸһñڸӽµҲȻǼֻԭʼ̬һš
ȻѡԲҪʱΥֵ־ûѡ񡭡֪ǣʵ˿ڽⶳ֮ڣ־СǣһЩѾ䶳𽥵˹
ȻָǵʶȻǵȴȻڱ֮С
ԭʼ̬׳ôǿĴڣ˿Ȼֻһ֮ڣȻظԼĵġ衱Զȥ
衭
裬ߡ衭
Ҳ޷ǾԼĻ룬ֻԼʶ
һȷ뿪˴ԶԶʧȥ⼸ֱֻ۵ĳ溢ӡ
ײ㴬г嶼
૵۽⡣
һС֡
ײ㴬֮ǰƴҪҵԼšԼˣŪ֮͸Ͻȥ߶úӸһ
ˣϣ
ǸԼܿͻϣԼкܶ໰ҪԷ˵
Щ飬ҲԷ̹ס
ϣҲ𣿾͸ѧһԼԶֻһĮıӰ

ִδ˿
һж˵ʶԴһֱظƵ顣
ֻҪһСģЩůͰȫеĴڱٿȻʧȻȥ
ַԼʵѾȫ˱֮䣬һ˵µӡ
ſңҲȥģҲᶪҵĺǡгʱ򡭡һ룬ǻа취ģһеġ
ĺڼӿ졣
ԡĸסĿ岻սڼУӡĸס
ȻڷԼѾʼҡʱҧס촽
òײŵȵعԭ֮ĸǾԲΪ˼ֻ޹ؽҪСӶġ
Լ֮һᲹָ࣬ǿ׳ĺӣ
һһضԼ˵۷ٴη裬ֿԸоԼһοʼʧ
۽𽥸ֳȵʪ⣬Ҳ𽥱
֪ڶԼʹ۷ۡ
Ӧȥ
ĻֺȻ쳣ƽĮ˵
ڡҾӦáһڡȫɵ
Ըо˫вϲɺǰеĲȴû˿ԥ
ϣĻ֮ȥģһҪ
ʵػӦ֡
ۿڷɿӹһһȣҰеʵԼɱĺǣҲԽԽԶ
ĳִ˾޴ĺ𶯣һڱ塭
˭˭ֹ
ʶз˾ĺ
˭ֹֻӳĸ־淴ߡ
˻˻
־þ֮ʱȻһϸСĳ
һ룬ĶȻһ١
ڼһ㴬յ֮ͨʱһΧӰվ
ΧȫŤεʬƬΪʧЧеʬƮ࣬ԵıӰ}ˡ
ˮŰײ㴬ձӦóű壬һ·ȴ쳣ɾԵҵˡ
۾һ۱ϳϤıӰ

תͷ
һαòŮ㽿޶ˣȻת䣬òϵ΢۾
ݹģ¹֮µı峺͸ɾĵɫǶѡ֮ϡ
һ˫÷ɪ˹۾
ҵ֣
ôԶǰʶĺ
֪˭
ֱֱ֣ڿߺϲظֳԴɬЦݡ


73 
ڿһ˲, ̾Լľϡ
ң
ĻﳯŰ֡
ϲųʪۣΪ۷۶˫ۿȥͿ۶ϡ
Եôʧ, ôܴݲС
ĸף
𾪵صͷŵؿڡ
ʲôǿǰһӡ
ǻû˵꣬
ڿͨǸԲӦóڴ˴Ӱʱϵÿһ鼡ⶼ˼£ķΣ, ǰ䱸Ѿ𻯺ѡǰȴԵͽ޹
Ӽﻯ֭, »۳֮󣬰ʥߵĴԿհ׵þһŰֽ
ʲôǵˣԼ, ǣֵĺ֮, Լ
ŮһûзӦ֮ǰ, Ѿɺ֮ǰֱ̧ļͷ
ꡪ
һʪ, ˫˲䱻ֱ˺˫֮ҲȻȻֱ˰Ļ
ͫȻ, ֮ǰѾٴ̽֡
һΣֱӽײ÷˳ȥ
һɺ֮صײһĽǽ, Ҳ֮ѡ
ǽϻ, ǽһ΢׵Ѫ, ̱ڵϵĳȻĿѣȴΪɲǼܵش޷ٻһ˿
ĸסСġΣա
Ƶ岻̬ͳªԭʼ֮ת䣬۾ʧؿűǿжߵ֣ݳ֧ʡ
ʹࡣ
֮ǰжϲڵжʹࡣ
ַ·Ҫ궼˺ѵʹಢԴܴ壬Դǰĳģòײ»عĳĸ˿ֿ˵˳еأ˰Ļ
ȥŮһɰԳ岻Ծؽ§֣̬ԺΡ
ȥǱ׾ġ
ʮСĵر֣ǰ˵Ů벻µõ˰ݹľ޴õ廨
޴Ŀֳͷ֮󣬷Եøⲻ֪롣
ǣۿȥǶô޺ִܷڰĿ֮¡ΪĸŵͽҲûиʥߴ
κγ嶼ֻϳȷʵǿȴǿֱӾͰɳȥ
ɲͨ壬ȻΪ֮Ϊǿɺ֮˿̵ڰǰһ㷴ûС
⵽ǡ
ضŰȻһ۾Ϳ˰ЩڻѪ
ϡѪѾˮʴˣһΣգ
ʧغ
ˮȫȾ֮Ļ壬ѪҺҲӵиˮͬʴȻ֮ǰѾɱ˲ϮĻ壬ֻ͵ȼ޴ʧƷͲ֪ҪѪҺ
͸һڡһѾˡ
ҵȻ֪жΣա
ֵɳ˻
ַ·ԼĵǸЦԳ
ĻԶȿȥĸӽʵ۴ĸԼ˺øкͱ
ڰĻȴֻеϮ
ôҡô԰Լ۾ɫ
ֻŰĳ壬ɱ÷ɪ˹۾ɫ
Ȼƴƣϸ΢شݸ˰
ػĳ겻ײüͷؿһơ
Ťͷؿһ۷ſڵϣвݵɺ֮
һȰԤҪǿࡣ
ԡҲᡣ
һγ̧֡
Ƣܲĳ塣˵ŬؼװƢԵºͳ塣
Ȼʧȥһм䣬ڤڤһǿҵĸо¶Լбʵģļܵĳˡϲ
ʱȴֵò̫áŵϹӲдƴֵĳ壬иֳŨɱ⡣
ӯǰδеֻҪ֣Ϳ׾ٵشͷ­ֱ˺˫Ϊ鲼۷۶Եʵĳ
Īغĳ
ǳᡣ
ڰ㶯ʱĶߴɳƵĺֹ
𣬱ɱ
ֹ˰Ȼڲ֮ǰ׿˵ϣȥⲢζҪۿĴڵɱһֻ塣
ҲΪɱĶֲ󵱳÷ɪ˹ɱʱĳ
ȻҲпܾ޴
ȻִʱжิӣӾлعϲ
˵ĳ̧ͷȼϣĹâ
ֱֱë
졪쳣Įس˵
ڿڲ̫˼ȥֻ̬壬Ͼ˿һֵֻĳҪӦ
Ϊʲôɱܳ
ʮʧ죬ֱض֣ͼúɱ
ȻԼҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪֵġ
ϲ
õͳһЩ
ʵ
Ȼæڣôϲϲһֱ㰡
һ˵һŬĿͣڰ촽ϣܱ˫ɫ۾ӡ
𣿡
۾Ȼֲûп
ҺøˡȻѾʲôǵˣҿʱҾ֪ϲ㡣
̽һֻ֫˵Լؿںͱ
ҵ
˸߲ҵ˵
һ
ʲôǵˣ
ɿȷһ顣
޷صͷ
šǣӦǼǵġ
գգ۾ɫͫԵ峺
ҺһܳܳΣиˣ㡣
ǡ촽΢Цһ¡
ǿ̫ˡ

㻹ǵҵ𣿡
ʵ
գգ۾ԭհһƬԺȻðһ֡
ͺԼƳУ߶֣峹ɱ䣬ȫĨ֮ؼסʡ
գ֣
еãغš
˸һ¡
Ȼǵңǿ̫ˡôԸһæ𣿡
ۡ
Ȼ˫ۣ˰ľࡣ
һԵΣЩҪֿˣڴʱƳԼ

ʶз·
һΣԼȻȫ޷ֿ
ֻܴ͵ڵϣòޱǵĶԻ
ѡڷɴϵλӦúܸ߰ɣ˾ᰲӦãҲİ㶪ֹطɣ
ɵĵͳ밬ĶС
ʲôѡʲô˾֮ȻһĨܵĿܺ񣬿ǣ§ţͰ͵ؿţ־˲Ͷҡˡ
ãõġ
ֻҪԸ
ΣҶΪɡ


74 
, ǳCԼBĶബѾȫ롣
ʵԼʮ֮ڿʼкĳװ롣
Ԥȫ뻹ҪһСʱʮӡ

֪ˣ°ɡ
ڴǳļ̳֮ϣ˾ᰲЩͷؿŹĻݵĵʱ
Ѿȥ۲ײ㴬һƬҵĳ
Ѿʱ, ˾Ψһĵ, Լò׵ֵֻĸ
ڻòײ߷ĸųԱİ, ĸ״̬㲻
, ڲǰ˱˾, ֻӦ˯ĸȻֵ궯, ЩųԼĽųԱȴҲĸ궯ԭ
ˡԵúܺ£ǲûҵκοвĸȫ
¼ı, ˾ЩػһԼĳ
Ȼ˵ûĸվҩ˳ߣɲ֪Ϊʲô, ˾ĵȴһԴĽꡣ
£ɺ֮ĸͨʱÿһ񾭶˼¡
Ȼûôܣ
ĵһӦĵڶӦǡ
һжı
˾ɫ˲ࡣ
뿪̳֮ɲؽͨǵӦͨš
˸һ, ͸ĹĻϸֳô˾ޱ
, ô˾쳣ʧǣɶӢصĺȦҲһ
ûпκͺŤĲ֡ˮûʴϡ
, ô˾Ըİһ, 㱣Ǻ, ڵ״Ҳ̫á˺ۣԼĳ֫Ѿ䡣
˾ĿļԼͣ٣ߵ˫ʧ٣޴ĴڿȥҲܲʡ
ƺһսأ
˾˫ֻأüң˵

̧ؿ˴˾һأǸֳһ˿ЦǴ˾֣ζЦ
ԭ֮ĸ޴ۻ֮ͽԶǾʲô
һС߽
ȻżڻӦ˾ǵģڵײ㴬ȷʵ˷ǳļһȻеʹ඼õϵĻر㣬㲻һֻڴ·ȴĻϲȻ֪ԼĿ档룬ͷšˮȡĸȻǰɴ֡
һһ䣬ûʲôѴ˾ᰲмƻ渵
˾Ĵڷ˿вһ¡
׼ȷصеıô˾һ˲͸Ļᰲ˿̵ƣְؼһ¶Էͨŷص㣬ȷ˿Ȼײ㴬պ˲ֱһƬƽ
ҲڳǿˡŶװ㾿ʲôʱŻĵ⸱ءӦ֪û˻ϲӡ
Ȱ˵
ɫ˲øһЩôһ˲䣬ȥֱı˾ĻʹƵġ
Ȼ֪ǲܵģܹı黹ô˾һ㡣
㿴ԭӵһġԭ֮ĸǰkҲͶȥĿ⡣ϾΪõÿһ㣬ұЩȥ򱣳أڣɵĺ£ҲֻԤըе֤ȫݻˡ
˾˵
ϾͥǱ߾鷳Ҳûɺ֮鷳
䣬˾һЦ
ըȷʵܹķӡ
̾һ
ȷҪô𣿡
һ˵ţһ߻ˣžͷԶһô˾ᰲ˲䶳ԭصӰչ¶˳

˾ŵؿŹĻɫĮĳꡣ
һ룬ᰲæҵ˲̨˵ʱѾԻٳǿֹͣ
ֹԻٳֹв̣
ڴ˾Ĳٿ£гֹͣ״̬
ɴĴ˶ƽ
һ֮󣬴˾תͷĻ
Ŀ˼㣬һּ˷ߺޣҪע̻֮Ƶ
԰ʲô
˾һһ䣬ʵ
٣ҿûʲô˵ʵڵģӦøлҲŶԣϾ
ʼȻ̧ţһŰŵӡ
£λĸסһڵ״̬ɡ
ޱαĹ˵
˾ֻǴ˾ĸ޹ء
Ƴһָһ¡
ĺһ˺飬ȻԵ
ĵźš
û̫Ļһͷ곤ڶȻޱеĿ⡣෴΢΢ƫͷ˶ڸ˹һһӰ
ƺߣǸߺûͣԼϣһð΢һЩˬ
ҪȡԷעҪöԷԼ
ͷʹ֮£ɿչԼĳ
СǶԳ쳣ӴڻɫĻ֮ϱ鲼źɫͻɫİƣȥһһž޴顪ЩѤɫʵƣĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵܷϰʥ߿µݡ
ĳɫ˲ú
ȷǾһĳȻɫȴѤãע⡣
ԭʼĳƾһԼĳ򣬿°Ҳܵõĸ
Լ۷۵ļӳ֣ҲӵעĿĳ
뵽ʶҲ֣Ȼط
ĽǶȿúǵģҲע⵽˰ĳ򣬵ǣֿġĸס˿̵ɫȴǳӣȻرϲǶԳӡ

ɺ֮ע⵽Լ֮ǰѸٵشװԼδ̽ĸסϲãȴ΢΢
žΪվ籾һγնǰʱֹŹֵģƵñ飬ô˾˲
ôģ
ǿװ򶨣˾ٵؿôྫôãȷԼִмƻ֮ǰѾʧֻ覴ƷͲ𻯳ɹϾɴϵġԭֻΪñͶӰ˳ڴǳϻͶһС顣ʵ̫ˣڰ˿˹֮ǰ˾ûԻӼ
Ŷᰲڿȥżء
ζһԼĴǣЦе˵
ôΪĸŵĸ߲㣬չôĸҪһֻʧƷ
ǳصǿһ¡ʧƷʣȻż˵
ҪһֻȱݵʧƷɹ𻯣ȻԼİ취
˾ŵκȻڡ
Ҫٿ
Ҫէȥǳϴ˾ĥĥߴߴ¶ɵ׼
һʣóλáĻٴע⵽ᰲߣЩͷתͷ˶Է
Щ
һֱ͵ֶ֣֪ԼǶԳ̬ȣȴʼûпߡ
ң֮ǰ־ǿðֵȻһ㣬Ҫô˾֮⻹ĳ塣
ڴǳһˣ˾Ҳ̫á
ϰɫʱ곤һ˿ǣȻ˷ı趨ת۾ɫ˰벻һֻ޴ľٶ
ˣصͥеʱѵиҪҪȥ
ᰲһţһֱŰ۾ָ
һֱǺܹԵĺӡܹɹĺܸˣڱӡ
˾ͳͰ
Ļȴ̺ޱȲпɱ⡣
ڣ֤ȥеĳ嶼ɱˡ
*
˾ϰ˰ĸֹŹΪ
Ϊȱݣټᰲһֱз;ͶӰںܶʱ򶼱ֵǳͷβķӡ
۶˵ǶôɲŰһô˾ġ

ǰȻҪԼģΪֻԼ뷽跨ģʱ۾һ˲䣬ҲǴ˾
ĵһĸۣҲǴ˾ֵڵʱҳªߵġȻַʽȡɡ˾޷ĸڳۣĸȫȡĸţЧȴܺá
ô۰ôɳӵжôµʼղᰲᰲҪзԼľҲһҪһֻʹൽ񣬵۶ôʹ࣬ʼն˳ӵġ
ֻҪ԰˵ϣ
ĹԹ
˾ȫûԤϵڰڳɹ֮ԼķѪƷԼˡ
֮󣬰ƫƫͷֵƳ˴˾һۣȴû˿Ҫֵļ
㻹ڵʲô֡
ۿĻһ˵ġеĳ塱֮һ̧üĻǰԼ˾
һΣȵĲһֻ˳ѡһ졣
㣬ó


75 
ò˵, ڰֱ׳˴˾֮󣬳滹еεġ˼ҳԼഺжУſֱӶŵֳշǳ΢
, һЦΧ
ᰲ, ȻѾô, ӾͲҪôˡ
ģһ, µ˾ͷǰ˾ˮȥֱ֮ǰŵʱĻҪ⡣
㵽ʲôֽţ
÷·˶
ڴ˾ᰲ, ʧֻһԭǾıơǡɱӦ˵ҪĽ
, ᰲûа취ס, ôǵ, ȷʵҵİ취
仰촽΢΢̧ͷ, Ŀǰĺ֮ϡͫ׽ָһü񡣿ɾҪƲסԼɱʱ, ܵһͶĿ⣬֡, üͷ΢΢𣬼ֱڵʲôһ
͵شһ飬еɱ⣬ϵҲ΢΢תһ¡
ٴβô˾Կʱ, Ѿֳһɿɰģ, ʵʵؼˡ
Ȼĺܲϲ֮ǰҪɱڵ
Ƴһ۰, Ƴһ֣Ȼżڡ
һԸס
ɺ֮ŬؿԼչֳ̬Ȼ˺ĳ嶯ղĳֻɱЩķܣǿǵֻһ߿ţûסԼı顣
ҿԸγɹԭʼ̬壬𻯣ǣĸҡ
ǡôرֳһĸͽĸӦеĿȡ
ٴĸ˾Ŀ΢ʶΪʲôһͨˣǵģΪĸûʲôǱĸõġʡˡ壬˾ٻỳһǸԼ׵ĶϾһֻ𻯳ɹޱǿԭʼ̬ڳǿԴ׶˾һӾ
ǽĲƸȨƷ޴ͽǰ¶ĸһҪ
ĸɺ֮Ը֮λҲҪ׷ԼǣԼеĸ޷ߡ
ʲôõĵأʱưôĸԼƿС
뵽˾̬𽥱úͻ
Ŷô֪˿ˣɺ֮ĸ֮ʲôأ뿴ֱȥŸ淢ңҪͥУ˵ɲʲôõĽ
Щͷش˴˾̬
˵ϻˣᰲǵԭһµģ𣿡˵õĽţҪ֪һý֪ҾȻĸվҾͽԶʧȥ̷ĸʸ񡣡
˵˫ֳͫһ˿βסľ޴־塣
Ȼϸع۲ı飬˾Ҳ֪Ŀ־ȷʵޱʵǶȴѷλª޵Ŀ¡壬վԶĲ԰ꡣ
һعȣǶѾֻƷԶ֮ϣ𣿡
˾
ǰѾż⣬ǸڳǧĹӰҲڼʮǰðķշȫµĳѣðʥϡ
ʥߡ
Ӧˡ
һֱͨ¡ֶռϵλȻĸ峯Ԩ׹䡣
ôν
Ļﴫ˴˾ĮɳƵѯʡ

ɳ
ͨŹԵĻڰ΢΢һͨŽʱ΢˾ᰲʧˡ
ڽȤίߣһñҪֻ㱨ûüڣһӰѾһԾԽֱֱس˷䡣
֣
ĴǶ۾ͬǳ
ͬŮƯ޵˿֮ǰԴ˾ʱĮĲͷȻҲȻ֣ЩƲסԣֵɱռԵĿ³塣
ǰȥë׵ģӽСԸƵСͳȮ
ǸĺᣬǿҾ;òء
ʦͨطһ˿ӳ
Ȼɱ壬ĺÿ¡
֣š
ҸͲġźۼ˴գػζԼĴ룬̰ȡſֵ㣬ֻĻ
ǳǳСز
ĴΪӼգĴ˿̴þһŰֽеעϣžΪˣޱҲԼظоֶ̬΢Į
ðؿڷһİĴʹ
޷ƵҪõֵע⣬ҪһĹעᡣ
ҪõֵĿ϶
ңҸղűֵúܺöԲԣĺĻ
ղȻԼ˵ƿԼֱǶ۳裬ɰǿסԼ
á
֡ǲǲ̫ϲҰ
Ȳʱ򣬰ŷԼȻֱӳֿ˿ڡ
ʻ𾪵
ĳ˲ΪŶ£ĴǲܿƵѹԺһ¡
⣬¶̫ˡ
ĵ
ֻҪֻҪһ뵽ĵɫ۾ֵԺоͻ᲻ϻطŵ÷ɪ˹뿪ԼʱıӰ
֮ǰӴʱ򣬶ǿԼֳǵģڣϵ۾ֱڲϵ֡ɱѧ֡
һСģöԷԼʵˡ
촽æ԰¶͵Цݡ
ļƻǲɻȱҪڣζҪ취öԷ˵£ָͲ뿴۾ņ̀ͷ밬
թƭʦ˵һͱȻԵòϡ
ΣֱӶԷ۾ĺϰߡ
ôأ
ֵɤޱеؿ˿ڡ
ײ밬˫ɫ˲䣬ȴסˡ
̫ѧˡ
ɫĺĤԼǼҪİ⡭һ̣ȥֱѧһ㡣
֡
ϲԼһֺ
Դ˿̰ôֿôôԵԼǺġ
ǣΪʲôһ˫۾עӣȻѧôأ
ϲˡ
Լ૵س˫۾˵
ġѧϲѧˡ
㱼䣬ֺȻ˵Լ¶ģζҪѧʵ
˵ʲôԼΣѧ̫Σˡ
˵ˣǵԼˡ
ҪӿΪʱԼѾԼԼ˰ɣһСģѾʼˡȻôõѧϸһܲ³ĸ޴ʵûһ㳤ԼͲͬһ߹ǿִǸˡ
οԼһֱһֱƭԷ
˵ź˵ļٻĵؼװ
ķԼĳ׸ѧ¹˶þͻᱻѧǳªöųʵʡʱһᱻġ
͸εһ
Ц
ֲ֣̽ס˰ա
ƻðŮݾ£Էֻ¶۾Ļͺڸѧһ㡣
ҰӺܾ֮ǰͺϲˡ
ɳƣ쳣سǰ˫ɫ૵
רעޱȵؿ˫۾Ȼһ¹±Ƶɫһ̯ӨĴˮ
ңҲϲ㣡
˵üֱ޲ҡԼڵβ͡
*
Ȼ־ǲĸɱమġ
ǵԷ˲䣬־ʶԼлԼӵĳ塭áһڡԼֻ̣ϣⳡл
ԣһ򵥴ֱǾпԵļƻͨͨ˾ᰲ̸УʱסǸɥĲļһ÷ɴֹ
취ֱӽӴᰲ
Ȼ󡭡ɱ
ֻҪᰲˣǳϾҲûгʸ㴬գҲûгŶԼʻź˴һ˳ĻΪĸŸ߲˵Խӹܴǳ
г壬ײ㴬ûбˮʴ壬Եõһ
ǰᣬᰲʥߵĳ
ðա˭֪ɱ˴˾ܽܶ鷳ᰲǼһԼҲ֪
ƻʱлӹܴǳȻԵġ
ᰲ棬ǲ²۶Է곤޴ǰıȴǳء
֪ɵԷˣᰲǼһѾˣûʲôսǣǼһ֪϶͸һڼ̳ﲻҳ
̳Ǵ˾ᰲİȫ
ֻһ˿գᰲԲյذ벽ڼ̳˵Ŀܳ壺ͨʵ߹ʵ壬ȥǵĴԣֲϵӿնˣǿ
ֿܳȫܿᰲڶ࣬ûκʹк˼άǷǳ鷳
ҲǳΣա
ֽ͵
ڡĸסǰֳһη塣ʵϣҲηᰲ
η˺
һᰲڿܳİǶĴɱ־ͺܿΣա
Լˣԣıܣ޷Ϊĸһʧ
֮ǰѹûпǹᰲӲӲ
ɾŬþҪ˼ʱȴǰʵõĳŵ
һɱֻϳӵģ
ȫûӵ޴ֻ²ͣ
ֻҪֲϲĳ壬Ҿͻȫɱ
ң֣ҺǿŶǷǳǿĳ壡ʲôļһҶԴģ
Դӱ׿ڳϲԼ󣬰ȥһhighƵĳմɵЦģ
Ϊ֤ԼǿֱǺżһ㣬һһǰԼ˶ɫĳ
ڣƲסԼҪ֮ǰѾ޿̵öԷ˳
ۿɼһ͡
֣ϲ𣿡
ֻ֣һ˲ʹӸղǸhighӱ͵һȦŵĴͷɥСģ
ֻûںӿ޳ˡ
ִһ飬ԼѧУѧĳ峣ʶΣصᵽĳ˵ŷǳҪ壬ղǾ仰͵ͬڶԿ˵˼鷳һ¡Կסˡ
ڲЩʱ
Һϲǡĳʵ̫ˣһǣͻеġ
һеسŰ˵
һԵ˲䰵
Ȼϲֶĵİ
ɺ֮˳˼
֣ǳҵأһСľƳ˿̵ı顣
ֱе㲻̫ǰԼոհ갬ҲȫҲȥŪ
ֻ֮䣬ֶ˵㽹ͷö΢С
ùİӳĸǶ˶Ȼɴؿʼת⡣
ᰲ̳Ŀܳȷʵ鷳ԶĴɱһһ˵ţһתͷʵҵЩӦѾⶳɹ˰ɣ
ɫһ
ûеٿڣѾҪʵңǴ
һһбıʷٰԼĺڿĵطǵ
õģһԸ
ع΢΢ֵͬҪ
ȷʵ̫ϲǼֻԭʼ̬׳棬ֻҪڣȷʵͿָӰȫһ㡣ڸᰲǰǼֻ׳ȳȷʵһܺõİ취
ۿֺѾ̸ˡӡһԵİŵ۾
Сشյ࣬˹ֵڡ
ӣӡҺ𣿡


76 
Ϊʱֹ, ǳϵľѾָУֻд̬ɺɫȻڲͣ˸ڵײ㴬ĳһ޳Ӱзǰ, ӯ, ·Ȼ״̬֮С
, ǵӰͣ
֤ɹ, ӭϣ
ϴ˻еĮĵ
ڴԼĲǰ, ͷζתͷƳһԼʱȡ
̫ɾˣ
ϣɫ˶Եøء
ڡˮŰ£һĴȴɾò˼, ֻ˵, Ҫô㹻, ûбĳȾָҪôʲôǳĴˡһֿ, ڶڷ˵ʲô¡
ߴĳŬסԼ񣬰ַ˲ſϡó, һֻ̣Įǿ߰ĳ, Ȼĵظеһ˿
Ȼһ˿֮ѸٵתΪ˳⡣
Գ֮Ϊ־塱һ˲䳹ռϣյģֲ
ϣΧ, 趼뿪ʱһ, ǳɾ, ûκδ򶷵ĺۼǿȴƮһеǳϢһֻϢ
һƬ䣬ѿ˿սġֱӳ˷Ȼ׼ȷԡǰͣϣ˫ְ˵ϡ̧ʱָѾմһϸܵ۷ۡ
ɺ֮
ϣĻͫһ˿ǿҵɱ⡣
û˿ԥϣȻתŷȥ
ڼȿܵѾɰģ£Ȼĳ쳣΢һ˿
ϣֵûȻ
ԹԵȣȴͬһʱ̽ԼıԼس򶼱¶˰п̽ߵĹΧ֮ڡȻһ룬һӰȻ컨ķ϶һӶ£ֱӷ
ϣֱ̧֣һڱקסǵӰȻһ˦ȥ
߱ϣҪǿһЩûֱӱ˺ƬǽǽڡֱֻԼıףҲͬʱΣա
˻
һ𣬰ɫĳ߸Լǰ֫׼ٴι
Ҳһֻ̣ѸĹߣԼĳֱӶǽ֮ϡ
һĨߴӰֱ˳ϡ
׳𣿡
ϣƵƳһ۷ŹԼİɫСӣЦ˳
ܲã̧㳹׽ֻĹߡɺ֮Ѿϣڱļޡ
Ȼڼֵһ˲䣬ϣȻԭء
ζ
ϣᵽ˴ֻɫСϴζ
ָоģϸ΢޷ϢֱӴӰɫɢǻ֮ǰѾԷ˻Ӧ
ϣط˳֫üͷֻɫ塣
Ϊ׳棬ֻϮߵε̫ţǹȴ൱ɹۡڸղôϣ£ҲͱڱϹγϸϸѷ죬Ѫ١
һӻͼϣֻ׳棬ʱĴҲڰлζݣȻ͸ϣһҲ̽ŶԷϵϢȻϣԼеȵ鷢ˣֻɫ׳澹ȻֱӳϣӣѹԼĴǡ
ǳԵĳģ
İȺ֮ΪܶչֳģͬȺ֮ڴ򶷺ȷõλСֻǿֳ߱ĸ׳Ƴ
㡪
ϣԥصֻС׳棬ûüѯʶԷ⣬Ϳֻɫ̾Ȼ󵨵̧֫°ڡ
һ۵Ӱɫ̵ĺð
һššһ֣ץˡ
ɫ̻ζŴ룬ȥֱֻȻ
ϣٻܱס飬һ룬׳澪ʧһӱ񾭡
Ҳˡץˡϴ󡭡ȥȥ裡
Ⱦ裡
裿
ʵ˲䣬ϣܿƵشһ顣
ȻһޱʶԼղŹĳ̺пܡֵĺӡ
ֻ۳һֱϳҲԸĺ
Ȼ̫Ϊʲôֵĺԭʼ̬׳棬ɰɫ׳ֵϢرֳֺֻ֮ޱܵĹϵϣֱԼȻʱŷ¡
Գ˲Щ޴롣
裬֣
޴ʻæҵɿ˶׳
ֻ׳ϣ̬Ҳǳ̽ϣϢ֮ϣ̬ȫǶԴͬһġ
ϣɿ׳ֱ壬ԼԲ㼱ææعסϣ֡
¶׳۾ֱؿǰǿϢġ硱ֻпҪһ˿̿֡
裡ѽ
зٶΪֶֺģʱ´ʶ̫ҲϣĽǺʹߴ١
ϣݵԥһ£Ȼһ
٣ǸСһš
ЩӲضֻС˵
ϣģԼⱲӶԳ֮ĳڿ˰ɫСϰ߲˺֮ϣ޴飬ɿشԼЯļȰмƿ߼ҩͿĨ׳ı֮ϡ
ãҩ£űҳ˿ڿȥǺء
ϣһ
̧֣ư׳ı֮ϣȻŰɫ̵ĳͳ侲ءһһ׷ʵ
ҷʲô豻ʲôץˣ֣۳ĳ𣿡
*
ڴǳ²㴬յһߣɿǰС
ԼѾܵ˲ȻʣǿҲ˦ĳֻƤҩ塣
֣á̻ϲ۳𣿡
ڰСѯ֡
ڲ֮ǰ־Ѿֱ˵ظԼЩ̸κһֻԳ嶼ûйϵ
ǶҼġ
ֵʱΣֻʵ˵ࡣ
Ϊ˵滰žðĳЩֵ뷨ֱֵ֮ȻЧ΢
ȻѾ˺ӸĹɰȴڶݵĵ֮Ѹ˾񣬲ұʾ
ûϵңҺϲ׳棡ʲôȺĶϲ
Ļ䣬һֱػ̲סڷ˳£ˡֱԣϢ׳˵൱һ䣬㷢ȥй䣬ݳϢֱӵ˷ֻոշͣͷ
ǲֿԡ񵽡ԭʼ̬ΪԼáΪԭ֮ĸʸκһֻ峹תΪԼá
ΪĸǳԣҲ޷ӱܵĻܡ
ΨһžǣĸסϢĳҲȫǺϸġ
ʥߣѾ𻯳ɹûӵ޴ﻹûʸӽ֣ûʸΪֵá
Һá
Һһﻹûеõԡĸס֭һжü
ȫ˵ſסԼΪã桰ĸס𲻺ϸ۳ıܡ
Ҳǵˡͬһʱ̣ڷ֮ǰָأʱһΪû𻯣ԲŲСݳϢѾһˡ
˵ּӿ˲࿿˿
֣ҪҪһ£ڵζӦúܺ˰ɣ
֣
ȫ뿪ڡ
Īƣʼﲻϵֲ̫ȷǷľ˵ģΪѾܾöûСʳ
ҿ϶ûнʳ⣬Ǳֻͼõע۳м䣬Ѿ鷳ˡ
λشѧڴѧֱǼλȨأߴ͵м䣬Ҳͷʹ֣Ʒǳ
جִ֣˿ֻӱܡ̾һǰ
̫ˣⶳ˼ֻСֵʵҾǰּӿ˲æǰȥֵشʵҵš
һţţš
ȻֻšֵͿ˺
ǰʵң޷
ʵҿյġ
ԭżֻСֵѱ÷顣
һڡӴҲѲֻ컨ۿɼѪԳֻ屻ʱǶô
еѪҺһ˲䱻壬ǰһڣЩֱڵء
֡
ĸף
аΣȻɫ䣬ԳҪסԷ
ɾʱʵҵ컨ԼȴͬһʱٿȻƿӰͬӰһ㣬ӸͬʱϮͰ
ֻݵһߣһ룬ϸ뵯ֱӾǵĽֱۡ

һҺӵصð
űɫ׳ƿѿڣһڡӴε建һķ伷ʵҡԼĴ뱻ֻǿп֮ǰһڡææذֱӳŰҺ
ڰһӿҺͬʱһӰȻǰ֫һֱеɺ֮Ϊ˶Һչֳ۳ᡣ
ҵĳ򣡡
ۿԼ֧ĳƮȻڵϣܵκʹȴȻһ񺿽У̬˲ɢϸĳӰǷ˿ƵĳϮߡ
һߣѾޱ̧֡
ֻ׳δüӦϸĴۿžҪ̴
ͻıȻִʧɫʵӸûзӦȴһɲϳЩϤϢ
ס֡
Լһʧĺ
Ѿһţ޲̻Էֻ壬ס
*
ӺԭʵңΪЩͬʱֶЩ΢ӵ
ⶳ»صĸߵĳҲɵĴڡֻ̼ޱȵشӵֵϥͷ
ȻǿסûĸĻΣֿԸоĵһţھһʺҲҪƲסԼˡһʱʱҪôĦϥǵСܿһ㡣ž͸Ҫ˵ˣΪС޲øɴֻ༷Ȼûüͱźĺҧųϳ
ڡһڡ
һڡȻЩСų⣬ȻģȴֻܿͰ͵ڳȺ߱ߡ
ÿΪ˰ǵı׺ͷ­ʱ򣬡һڡޱĽ۾ֱؿ֣ܾúܾáżҲСأԼϸĴ̽ȥÿһڡֵʱ򣬾ͻᱻСһҧڴϡ
˻˻
ԵĵСǵĺݳ
ˣ
εĿ̫˵ļֻ̣šһڡ֣ʾֻªεĳ忿
ظһ¡һڡ

ԡһڡ˵ᡣ
Աָ֮ޱֻ֣֮ܰԳ֮տȱ
ϣƳֻ
ŵĴʵʱѾⶳɹȴȻڲеǼֻѾҪ볹׵ķ֮УΪ˳ԼǲԼļ׿Ƕֱײ顪Ȼϣһ㣬⼸ֻԭʼ̬׳пѾɹˡ
Ҳ֪ǷΪŵĴ죬ϣȺ̵ĽӴȻ൱˳
ϣ²ΪԼҲùֵۣԼȻһȺ׳浱ͬࡣ
ϣЩЦãҲᱻһȺߴߴ׳Χĸо
ƶ˺ܶȻֵļƻʵʩ֮ǰͲԼһֻİϢЮ𽥿
ǱЮ˰ɣ
ϣΨһ뷨Ȼ֮һ
׳ǵǳϣ˳ҲܳɹΨһʧܴžǡ
ȿȣϣ̫ţǰȻ֮ǰЩᣬĿǰ˵Ǹͳһսߵġ
ְǣ̧ͷʱŷտµֻ壬ֻܴľȻ鿪ʼõ໥ܡ
ϣ֮ǰѾǳչˣղҲΪԲϮǵģǲûж⡭

ˡ
ϣӲ׾ȰͣĮط
ֵĽ£֪ɺ֮ûЮ֣ʥΪ𻯶ʧȥ˼䣬Ŀǰȥɱᰲ
ϣȻҪɱһ
ڵǸղΪ˱ֵ֤İȫѡЧʸ͵Ĺʽûڼһʱ̾ͽֱֻ˺顣
һ͸ɴظɵԷڴŶǲͰʬֵǸֻ۳Ĵڡ
䣬}ˣ˿Ŀϣϣ̧ͷֱֱԼ档
ض˰ʥߵ۾
˫ɫ۾
ϣһ㶼ɣԼǼһһΪֻ壬ӦҲɱԼ
ʵϣԼЩԼ԰ǿɱ⡣Ҫ֪еɱⶼԭģһ֮ǰͲִ֣֮ӷ˺ߡǰȴһ
ڼһ˲䣬ϣͿԸоԼÿһϸÿһѪҺڽҪɱԷ
ּµڿԷ۾ʱҪڵ޷ܵĳ̶ȡ
֡
ϣʱ򣬰ֱĶȴֿ˿ڡ
ֻһҲɱᰲ
ŴŴ˵
ֻͼʵûʲôõġ
ɱɡ
ߣֻҪҾͿˡ
û˵ڣĪᵽ˰˼
һɺؿӿ
ʶ𻯣ʧȥм䣬ӵѧ۾ǰʼջǰ
ֻ񣬹죬ѪĹ
ʼգڷɴ￴Ĺͬһֻ壬δ
ֳܱԼĿ־
ҧססԼһ̵ǿ
ʵѾ⵽˼㡣
ٳٶۣҲԸоİϣ֮״ĺܲԾ
һս
ĳǿҵֱֱܵظоϣͰͬһȥ»ַǳ

ִŰؿڵ
԰ȥʵһ𣿡
עתƵϡ
ΪʲôҲ뿪㣬ҡ
ǿİ۳ܻš֪ģһ·ĵľǺǡ
ſڿӣסԾԾͼ֤ԼɶµȺ溢ӡ
ֳĸۿЩ죬ɫޱƣ롣
Եôƣ˸޷һ˿ܾ˼


77 
κسֵ˵ͷ
, ҡ뿪سȥҾʵЩ׳濴ȥҲǺҰ
۵۳еί
ò״˰һƫͷ˫
һչ˺Ⱥõ׳ġ
Ϊ֮ǰĳͻбж, ɺ֮һֱ˿̱ȻԵ쳣
ְķʽʵҺֻ޴ʥûʶ־ܰ£, ֱۿɼٶȺתˡ
ֿԼ, ٵؿڣԼΪϿҵĳŵ
ȻƷЩ̫һҸ֤ҷǳչ˺ѵ׳档
ǵ֮ǰԼصĸסǴؿｫ
Ȼ, еĿ, ֻ˼, ЩΪѵؿڵ
˼԰Ҳ뿪һ𣿡
ε˵
ǵģԸоϣֽ֮ŵĿ, , һҪ˵Ļϣ֮ĹϵҲûкõȥ
֮Ϊ˱鷳Ҳȥɡ
ͷʹֵ
ֵҪĴȫһؽֱͷɺ֮۾һ˿ŵ֡
ĸ, ô뿪, ¼һ, ġ
ꡪ
ֺȻ̧, ס촽
ᣬĳЩ۵˼ĳĸĿѹúܵ͡
ִյĶߣС˵
Ҳĳǰ¶̫࣬ϣֻ֪𣿡
ȵϢڶϡ
񡪡
һȻ졣ΪǣԳĸΪõҳϡڻǴһ˿ĵ֮С
߼ܡ
뵽仰Ӿˮе飬ֻûֱۻˡ
ȫˡ
ķԸң뿪
κص˵ͷֱŵ뿪ʵң뿪֮ǰֵķԸȺһֱ̽ͷ̽ԣֻҪĸס̡
ţԼ˵ģй׳ľ飬ʱԴȺ׳ġ
ڣԼ׳ȥʵֻʣֺϣ
ԭӵĿռһ˲ÿյȴûиı̫࣬ôͶء
ȻһֺŷԼղһֱڲԾ״̬Уںò׷һ㣬ǰȻЩڡ
ʱһĿϣȵ÷·ӵʵʡֻعͷϣ˿̱ݡ
ϣ
ֲԾ૿ڡ
㻹𣿡
ʵ
ϣƫƫͷ
Ҳ֪ϣɴػӦӦò̫áڷúôţΪҺܵϣһȫĵطȹΣǵһصʱһˡ㲻ˣֻ۷ۡϣޱƽ˵ûʲôȻȴΪϣĻӦؿʼš
֣ϣǰȻеһ˿Ī顣
ңҵʱȷʵǱǿдߵġ
ڸĹϵȥ˵԰ʱЩ̣ҡӵһͬܣ𣿡
嵭˵
ֱּ̧ͷȥϣ۾
֪ΪʲôѾѹôСˣϣȻǰ֮ĶԻȫ˸
ʵܸӡ
㲢͸֣ƺ˺ܶ飬ƺֵΡ
ϣӦ
ͺҲϣҼĺһǺܿɰ֮ǰһֱǳص㡣
һĭԼĺúܸɡ
Щ鷳ˣ쳣ҵ
ȻϣʼûʲôűƵҲ֪ϣ˿̷ǳ졣
ȻȷʵܹϣСۡûʲôʱԲϣĶŵشų溢ŬҪԼʱԼʵѾվͳһսϡ
黻ԼҲǳزˬ
ң˿ϣ
ֲ֪ݣĪأǾϣǲһġ
ΪϣҲһͷܾϣĸоѧ
еĹػеĵģеչˡŸദʱ䲻ֿ
һָⴿŨĸ顣
⵽ΪеĻҡ
㣬ˣ
سϣʵ
˸ߴ׳壬Ϊֱʵѯֱһ˲
Ҳǹ㵣ĵģԲ𡣡
˵
˵֮Ųط֣ԼԷò˼飬ȥЩͰ͵ζ
㿴ȥҪҵĵġ
ϣǷǳӲĺȴñ֮ǰһЩ
תͷɴûٿ֡
Ȼء
ǡҲرر
ؿϣ˿֮Ĵ롣
ʼʱ˵ĴһֱǰԺģĴȴֱ࣬Ӳ˷˿֮䣬ֻм¶棬ֵĵ֮
Ҳ֪Լôˣ˿̵ϣһ˲ͱӯ
̧ϣ֮ɫ˫˿̵Ȼ˫۾ȥͦġ
ҲûҪֻǲ֪ô˵ڣЩС⡪
ҪһУɻû˵꣬һǿҵѣϮ
ǰһڣ˾Ƕ˵Ļһ˲ʧȥ˶ƿءûüӦֵѾֱӵϣĻ
üһָ޷Ǳޱȼ١
֣ôˣ
ۼֺȻ£ϣɫһ䣬һ֮ǰĮŤ
Ϊʲôûиҡ
رס֣Ȼ㿪ʼʧؼߵ״
ϣĻԼָĴ˲佫ԳϢĳĸϡڴ˿̵˵Ϣֱǿҵ޷мܵĳ̶ȡ
ֵ촽΢΢ſڴڵغţȡſϣϢ
֣֣
˾ʧĺ·ǴңԶˮ֮ϴǸңԶȣϢǶôԼƤе˴ʹ
Ŀȫϣϡڸղŵǳ֮УϣǱһǳǳ˺ۡ
ϮҲȻпǰ
ײе۳ڹжٻǸϣһЩССĺۼ˿ڼСʱ֮ͻȫȬϣԼʶĴڣȻڴ˿̵˵ֻʣϣǵ˿ڣԼϸϸ˿һѪ˿
ö
̫ˡ
ƺʲôİҰıѡ
ֵĺǳּ٣ǵضļУÿһ鼡ⶼԾرˡȫ޷Ƶ΢΢촽ʹòڵĿȡ硰ʳÿһ˿Ϣ
ֱÿҪˡ
֣
ϣںԼ
ȴѾ޷Ӧе˿ԼϣԾԲȥ˺ҧϣ
Ժ
ǣΪִʱĴͣϣøһЩ
ֻǶݵļӵʱ䣬ɴ˿̵ȴʱε޳
ϣǵ˺һֱҰεݡ
ڡ
ǡ
ԼԺƺʲôѵ

ʵУϣֽĺܿתһƺߡ
ߴĳԭأŵ˳Ȼɫ۾
ԸоԼϵǼٵĺԼȻ
Ƿǳӯ꣬Ȼǿ׳ϣĴڣȻȫ޷ְֻԼһѹʵұĵϡ
ϷԼ۾ÿնϣȷִ˿Ѿ־״̬Ͼ־壬ϣֵ˽⣬ĳ꣬˿׾ſϣȻݲϿǴ˿ڡ
ò˵ϸ˵֮С
Ϊִ˿̿ϣĶߵĸоʲôлȱ޷˳ʳı׳档
ֿûн԰ʳĿ
ȣĿǻУֻû˿ɱݣãҲ޷ϣıƤֻʣ˿ڵı治ͣͼõѪҺ

֣ȵȡ
ʼǼӣϣֱ֪Լô죬ܿ˵ΪһڱᱻִؼȡһЩĶ
ܿϣͷӦ˹
ǣȫ±Ƶ£ϣ壬˵ǱѪ֮еĳЩܣ·Ѿ־Ҫʲô
ϣǳѵؽִԼƿ߶ѾôˣȻûмȡʲôõġʳԵ㡣
ٴԼ֮ǰϣҲûֱó֫ԼȻֵ촽
ȻڳϣѪҺ֮궯һ˲˳
ϸݵſϣϥͷڴڵϣĳѪʱʱأݻؿ˿ڵĺϡ
һССĻ
ϣ۾Լ˿ȷһ㡣
ϸܵĴʹ˿ڴӿ
ϣΪ۳棬սбȻⱲӶһֻлȡԼѪ⡣
ɴʱ˿̣忴ԺѪ֣ȴоԼؿӿһݵ
ֱضֵͷһֻԥһ֮Ͳסذֵķ˿䣬ȻظֵͷȻָ£˳ϸݶĲ
ϣȷԼֻҪָͿֵľǣʶһʱӿȴһƵϧ
̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ɰˡ
ͬʱϣưԺѹѹ
Ȱɡ

ȵ㡣
ѪҺϵشϣֵĺϣȴԼ˿ޱȵҸ
ҸṩԼѪ⡪뵽㣬ϣ͸еޱ㡣
ϣһ̵ʱܹá
ȻϣССԸǲʵֵġ
Ϊ֮ϣ͸оˣԭſϥϵ꣬嶸Ȼ佩Ӳ
ˡ
*
ҵ׸ʲô
죬ŴϣϥһԾ
ֱԼȻµ顪ȻͷȻֱϮϣ˳㻹ʼȶԷѪҺ
ڸԼ󣬿ڿ˵ԼΪṩʵġʳʱֻǸ̬̬Լ
лŵѪζ֪ϣѪǳѪҺ
ǡ
ģѵòˣ־ȻȻĵؾãѪζ
ֽ
ΪΪ㡣
ûгԱʱ򻹲ãڰθӯʶԼڽ֮ʵһֱڼȼ״̬Ϊʵڶ̫ˣԵڣһղԼججƴȡϣѪҺȻܿƵΪּȵս
߳ıﲻ
ֳĬ˺һŲſ˿ڡ
ңʵʷǳ⡭
̧ͷȥϣڵɫ
Ҿһ⣬гĸĻңһ֭ʵ۳棬ǡ
һֻȫԼҲ㲻ʲô״ġĸ
״ε˵
ûб¶Լʵһ֮⣬˵ȫ˵ˡ
Ͼ齲Ĳ֪ôԼϮϣ¡
˵ҪȡѪҺԼ߰ʲôſԲҲ˵ģϾ˵ԭ֮ĸء֮ҸղſȷʵǶ̫ˣԲŻð飬Ĳǹġ
һ˵һ־ԼѾҪΪ߳Ķ
ûеϣһػҲ̧ͷȥԷֻǱͷվ
ȻתҪʵȥ
ңȥ
Ҫȥʿûбİ취
ܲͬ˵ҪĸͨȡѪҺʳɣ
Ȼֻûüȫ뿪䣬һϮ
޷ֱӱһӲĻ
ϣֱקס
ϣ
Ҫȥʲô
ֵ̧°ͣʹղŻƴڻȡѪҺ겻òֱԼ
ֶӲ
ȻϣǸϣɫһƬڶ˫۾ʱȴܵظоϣʱľһĿ״̬
˫۾þǴʳҰ޵ġ
ǺڰУ˸ӫ⣬Ƴ浽Է塣
еһȫС
ϣͳɳƣһһسֵ
㻹ҪʲôأղŵѪҺûа취𣿻ǡҪĶ
ϣһһ˵š
ʵҡ
ꡪ
͸֮ǰֶϣָҲֱӵ촽ϡ
ûϵҪʲôҶԸ㡭㲻ǡĸҲһ

ʵ⣬ԭڹԹԵȺٴκİȻ˴ǡ
һתͷֱؿš
أһԾֱ˽յĽǰ´ʵҡ
춯һֱڼ
ڸʲô
ĸо
٣ţôӦŶԼԻȥ
ȻҲܲϲϣֶ£ϲ⸱ȻҪΥĸס־ӡ
ɰûϢޱ̬Щάֲסˡ
ҵýȥ
ʵ˵
ұýȥ
ЩͰ´ʱ򣬽źȻдˡ
һϢӷк˲佩ԭ


78 
ǰǳһǿߡ
ǵĸ֪Ȼ쳣
ǿҶռ۳ϢػųѪҺȳ, ޱԳŷڷһС
Ͱٴνʵʱһй޷Ƶǿɱ⡣˫ȫ죬Щάֲס, ֱصϣ, ʱʱɫİơ
ֻ۳ĵ⣬ϣȥȴԵ쳣侲
ɫȻ治ɫ̧֣ɿһЩԼ, Լӡ
һ, Ϊֿ˳ʳи˿, ĳֻ۳ĸޱȱ׾ϵӡ, ͸չֻ۳ǰ
ʵޱȿ, ǵĿֲ
ֻ¶ĳ̷·ʶ˲ԣȫһӵ, ָʾԷϢ񣬱ޱȰ
ɿɰĳֻ̱ʧرԵ
ϣĿޱǾٱΪڸղţΪ˴ԲګګظѾһж֪ϣ
ʵҵҲʲôԭ֮ĸ, ȻϿȷʵôһĸĻ򣬿ǣôıɳĸ
˵÷ǳѡ
ı΢侲һ, һн֮, ɺ֮ȥӱŭˡ
Ȼ, ַŭǾֵܶġ
еŭͷȫ׼ϣ
ôңôҹĸȡֱӵġ
ȫΪŭҧгݵ૵
һߣؿֺܾá
ĸ
ɫĳƺ˺þòȥ
ǳĸҪϵѪſԵõ㹻ӪŮϸֳ˻ֵ̿ı飬ޱѹؿ֣Ҳ𣿡
̧֣ۿžʹֱԼĸ첲
֣
ìܳױ֮ǰ޿̵ؿڡ
ұ졪
˰һۡ
ʲôԣĸ첲ø侲һ㡭ϣˣۺ죡
˵ֻʱղܿƵ΢΢һȡ
ۿֻ㰲һ㣬Լ̫Ѩؿת˻⡣
Σǻһ£ǵ׸ɱλ˾ɣ
*
Сʱ󡪡
ǳӴ崩֮ǰĽ崬գȻʻž档
˴ȱʧһ֮⣬ǳȥһģһеĻ뱯綼׵ظڼ̳֮⣬ĵװŷɴĸ䣬۸ӵȸԿĻơ
ֲûи˽̳
ΪƻһڣҪ׵شӴ˾עʧԣڽ֮㱻ֻСĵذ˾̳Զİ֮ڡ
һڡСǱΪ룬κֻ嶼ϵɼ뿪ʱֻ嶼ʾĳǰԥ
Ҳѱְ֤ٷ֮ٵذȫ
ϣ˵
ɫޱ죬Ƕ֪ᰲֻ϶̫ˣһֵĴڣַΣա
ҿ
˵ʮֲصϣվ࣬ԴȡԼѪҺ֮ϣһȻܡ
ȻϣͰǳ
á
侲شִֻ
ߴ⼸ֻ뿪ҡ
ǿչ˺ҵģиҪȥ
˶٣Ȼ˱飬Լǰֻ۳¶һĨޱ΢Ц
ҵǲ֪˾ᰲжǿǣ֪ǿɱģΪǻǿ
*
ϴ˾Լļ̳ɺ֮ԼԼʧõѡ
Ѿ𻯳ɹˣ̬һвŮĶģᰲѾϾȥ˼Щϸ֦ĩڣϾ֮ǰ̬ϵͺ֡
̤̳һ˲䣬֮ǰⰲڰ̽Ѿֵɨ赽ᰲĸնС
ȻЩⲿ̽ݾ׼̶ȸ޷ʵ̽ȣֻôԵ̽飬õֵҲô˾е޷ƵĿϲ
ǿ
֮Ѿ˱õ뻹Ҫĳ塣
˾Դ˷ǳ⣬˵ֻʣһҪˡ
˾ԼҪΪϲֱֱͶ˰
侲侲һᰲԼ˵ϣͿԴһõưķȵǸʱ򣬾Ҳûκδڡκ¿ֹᰲʥ߽Ϊϣδ
ĸ
˾˻֣£һ建¶˱֮еĻο֮
䶯ݵĸ֮󣬴˾زǼֻ岻ԿصĴ͡
ᰲ̲ס΢Цһ£Ȼ
֮ǰ۵ҿ԰ĸ㣬Լӵĸõĸ׷ʧְһж֮ǰһĸعҵĹ
˾˵
ڣ԰ѰĿƷˡܹƽĽף𣿡
֪֮޾޵ĸ
Ĭһ֮ص˵ͷ
ǰǺܹƽĽס
һ˵ţһ߳Ŵ˾ſԼġ
УһöȥƽƽĽ׹
⿴ȥûκε֮˾ƳһԼĹԣҲûдԼ̽豸Ͽеĵ׹κεֵ
ֱ͸г嶼еն˵׹һģһ
ɺ֮Ӧ֪ҺᱻϷŪɣ
˾ɫЩѿ
ɫ䣬ֱ̧֡
׹Ļ䣬Ϊڰлζݡֱӹŵ׹ڰǰζ˺ü¡
£΢һ°ɣλ˾㵽ж
٬سŰ˵
˵ô˾˿ǶԳ򣿡
򡭡
սʱ۳ĳֻͨżʱŻչ¶档
ʹȥ۵Ȼһ˿ɱ⡣
ĺܲϲ
Ȼڶеĵ׹󣬰ȴ֮ǰָ˵Ǿ仰
԰ö׹ҡ
ʵۼƻʱ̸۵ðϣʱԵЩġ
ĳĸĳ壬Լ֮ĳǰˡҪһֻҰްҰĳֳٵѱⲢһ׵¡
ֱӹ׳һֱԼĵ׹䵱ƻеҪߡ
ö׹˵ǳҪԣ͵ͬڿҡ
Ŵ·ڶ࣬ʱú׹ʱɫᣬȴ͸һ˿ˡ
ְðĶˡ
ôԣֻҪܹĨǰ۵׵İˣԼԸ⽫綼ȡֵǰ
͵е´ָҪˣ֪ǿġ

ҧأͷչֳԼĳ
˶˫֮ϣÿһƶ·һֻɺѪ۾˾ӡ
˾۾бŷ̰ľ⣬ճյؿŰĳ۶˷ܡ
ʥߵĳˣԽǿʥƾԽ࣬ԳǳԳ˰ǿ
ᰲĿȣȵðеؿɱӡ
̫ˡֲֻʸ͵ĳ
ȴһֻŻϳ۲졣
ھͶɱ˶Է
·Լĵ׵૵
һǿаȵɱ⣬Ҫúñ֣Ͼֵ
Ϊ˿סԼıŰܣǿԼŬ֮ǰ˵ԼĳУԺڣؿڳö׹ʱĳ½֮µĲô𪣬ϸůԼᵽ֮ɢ
Ӧİɣ
еһ󼢿ʣޱڴһ̵ĵ
ֻҪɱ˾ͿԺܿصˡ
ˣԼְᰲͷ­׸֣ԷӦûܸ˰ɣ

ڰл㱳ԼδʱѾһľȻظ˾ؽ˺һ
ıֻõġ˾ȷʵеĵ׹ǿֱӿưġ
뷨Ҳûд˾밬ദôãκ˶װÿƶԷԲ
ǼһڼֱѵõĹһʲôָʾһһɡЩľȻֻһöȥƽƽĵ׹
⵽ʲô
ĵ̽еʱ˾̲סѯʵ
⵽ʲô
仰󣬲۾˸ϸС΢⡣
ԭ֮ĸ
ɺ֮૵ػش
ö׹ԼУͿԼмȡֵ¡
˾Ĵζһ¡

Ͼݼٺõĳ壬Ҳܼװ˿̱ǽĳԣȡ
£Ľеñʹ˾ԤĻҪ˳
ĸڻĲ±ǱߣŴ֮ӡĸŻµĻеܿʹ˴˾Ļ޴⡣
ͬһʱ̣ö׹ҲеСģ͵˴˾С
˾ûдɿʱϵǿҿܣ۵һ˿⡣
ɷнµϸԼеĸնˣʾĸŵĽڽĸ֡ǻｫĸԼ˽˷ɴӴĸԶ봿ǳ
˾΢ЦƳһۣȻת飬Ŀͣ˰ϡ
źȻһ֨֨кȻرա
ſڵƾȵתͷ
ᰲҪʲô
ʵ
Ŷװ벻Ҫ뿪ĸѾ˽ŵ𣿶ڣҪṩĿƷһСԡ
˾س˵

԰ָһ£ڶݵĳ֮Ůһνĳ壬һһسŴ˾ȥ
Ŀô˾˾ָΪȼڰڣҲûмֻѪʥ˳ӵģ
еϲ
һһ
üͷǣҲΪĸֻ޴ģֻԼλĸĸųԱûи˾԰Ŀơ
ܺá
˾ĵ׸̾ȻڰѾ̤ϼ̳֮Ȼֿ졣
һĳǻȻð

һ̵
յĸ壬֮ǰѾֻʱھĬ״̬ͻ׿ܳ塣
ǵÿһ֫ѺϽ˼ӹ̣󲿷嶼˻е죬ӷɱ¾
һһɫӰڴ˾ȻȻֱظ˿ƺ޷ֻС塣
ǰǶôѽ
һֱһ̣˾ôõġ
ȻԼĿɲǣʼղһֻɺܹ֮ǧֻܳͬʱ
ǰɣһֻɺֻ֮ǳ޲ĸΧһи޷Աһֻ档
Ŷ֮ǰ˾ѹûаǼһ￴ĸڴǳϵнͽ˾ǿĳ嶼Ѿ¼ڲᣬֻȻϡ
ھ²㴬յĻ֮󣬵ΪȻܴԼĲвҵһֻߵȼ䵱桭
һ̣ЩиƬĿܳ壬˾еı鶼ϡ
ʲôôһ˲޷ǰ顣
ܼĿܳ׺ݵ˿۵ֻ塣
Ȼһ̣ϣչԼĳ
ϣһѪĺ⡣
᲻ɴݵĿܳ壬Ĺ´ݹĵǡͻųѪҺǱƵѵ֭ҺĴ䡣пܳ嶼ڿӵĺԼĴһЩӵֱӵ䵽˴˾ǰȻ̳Ľǲ˺˾ģ쵵Ĳ˲䵴ô˾ҰһƬģ
еĿܳ嶼ǹˣеӵˡ
һֻֻֻ
ڶ̵˼ʱϣѾ׾ٵؽ˴󲿷ֿܳ塣
¡һֻʺĸߴ徹Ȼֱ˼̳֮ϡ
һ˫ɫ۾ֱض˴˾ᰲ
ᰲ
˾һ֪̳ΧлܵģҾĳ壬Ҳͻ㻤ܣɴ˾ֻĿ֮սѡ
Ʋסغһ
־塭
δйĿ־ӡ
ϣֻޱظŻܣ۲ǰֻλߵĳ塣
֪𣿡
ʵ
ᰲһ£ɿ͵ԼնˣòײſֻϢ
ϣʻ˾
ңҵȻ֪ϣһֻ¼塭ô˵ģҿԳ˫ĳͣȻǽųԱҲûбҪΪּһȥţʲôҿԣֻҪܹɱһִͥҪһжУ㲻¼壬Ϊ߼Ĵڣ԰ƼߵȼȺ䣬Ҳȥе
˾״ε˵һ룬ϣѪᡣ
۾˲ø
ǱѪȺȥģҿعȺ䣬ΪѪϲ㣡ҷһԣ
Ȼ˵ô໰ֻ֮Ѫᣬ˾ʱȴĮ
ʵʲô֪
˾ֻϣһ䡣


79 
һⶸȻϮ˴˾, ֻ곤ڴ˿һ˲
ǿܣ
ţԼǰ˵ڶ滤ܡͬһʱ̣ϣѾְ̧ǰĻ֮, ƵȻţǿԵֵסǧθ뷢ĸߵȼ, ȴһֻ˲֧顣
⾿һֻĳ壿
˾ֵصϣԼʵ￴ǿĴڣᰲŻΪ˿ֲеϲ񣬵ȴֻһĺ鲼ȫ
, Ӧü
ڻ֮еĳԭʼܿʼС֪, ᰲָⲻϲ, ڼ̳֮䲼Ļһ֮, תͷ, Լ
ˣǸ뿪ˡ
˾سԼƷ̳, ƻװĸʼȥԲεĽƽ̨˴˾ǰ
뿪İš
ֻҪ뿪̳, ˾ǳа, еĿܳ嶼ֻɲĳҲȻлὫΪϣĳ, 
ϾǴǳǶᰲǳ
ᰲ, ֮ǰİȴԵЩĬͳٶۡ
˾һŲ㻤ܱʱ, һޱȽֱԼĴǡ
㵽ĥʲôӦˣ
ڰǰζö׹, һ룬һʹ̧ʱͷ֣ö׹ȻֱקԼУӴ˾ϳ
㡪
˾ʶ̧Ҫưõĵ׹û
ɾʱǰλ˳ĳȴ̧ͷֱֱ
ô˾ԼеЩϤǳɫУҲ֮ǰľګն
ȡ֮ģֻһ΢⡣
ǲǱƵĳеı顣
Լ־ɱ¾Ͳԡ

һʧĵᰲĿ
֮ǰϸģм񵹴̵ĴѾֱӴ˴˾塣
˾˼صͷԼ壬Ի󡭡
õģᰲʥԶܶԷԼĴڲκε⡣Ȼ㲢ǴѪӦܶഫԡҵǣЩԶģÿһֻʥ߶˳Լķߣʥˣ׷ȰôؿšĸԶᰮԼġĸס
ԣȥʵɣܶ㶯֡
ϾʥԶǡĸסãԵǸ

ڱ֮ʣ˾ԺвͣػǸƽĵ
Ѿô飬Ѿ֤ôΣʥ߲Υߵָ
ôܣ
ۡ
˾дڴڵѪ
Ǻط˲ŵĵ
㲻ӦáֻǲܶҶֵġʲô
ΪѪס˺ܣᰲ֧顣
ȻúŹֻ֮ʣԼᰲ𻯺ڳ׳йαװ¶Լıԡ
ֵ˶󣬿ʱĿֱͬŮСڶ̶˲ͳɽߴȻ
۾˸Ϊɱ¾ޱ˷ܵĹâ˿ɲһϣɲһĨ޵΢Ц
ɱ㣬ֻܸ˵ġ
гųĦʱϸ졣
ң㻹ҵĳ򡣡
ĳ˵

滯İֱǰ֫β˺ʱᰲһļС
ꡪ
ͬһʱ̣֮ǰµһ㻤ҲһҵĹâ˸ΪС
ߴĳ˰࣬ڿǰ֮ǰ̬Ȼͬİϣϳһ˿ϸ΢Ĳ֮ɫ
һĨתΪ΢ĳ
ǳª
ԣκζĹͨޱʶϣʱİ
ʲôѾ깤ˡ
Ȼü
ææؿʼԼ̬ݵĿյУᰲڵϣֿ죬һĳЦ
ûгϲ㣬ʧƷôŬֺ壬Ҳ޼¡
Ļعⷵգֻ곤ĺޱ
µŹɭЦ
ãǶ㡣ʲôòԶԶֻǡʧƷ
Ļ΢ǵЦȴԽԽŨء
֡Ҽˣһֻӵ۳桭ּһҲֻϲֿſۻӵȻɫ
ʱպôһֻеܳ壬زᰲ
϶ˣΪʲôôࣿ
ǡ
ȵȣ
ڹּ̼
ɺ֮Ȼ۾һС
һжѾˡ
ûж֣ȻһҪɱֻԼĶĳ壬ɳƹɤȴĪؽԭأȫá
ֵϣĶһظɾ׾پͽੲݵᰲ˽żһۻŽҺǡ
Ҳᰲһļڣ֮ǰάŸûʾļ̳Ҳɺľƹ⡣
Իٳѿ
£ǳĺĹȴڰͶһĹĻ
ᰲһ͸ñɳʬĸעӡ
ɫ䣬ֱԽ˰ϣ̨
ָڸӵĿ̨ϷɿôţͼԼĸŸ߼Ȩ޽ӹҷɴֹǸԻٳ
ڶݵĳ֮Žֻɫһſ̨
ûܽӹϵͳûа취ֹıüƻͧ봿ǳĿܶʧȥˡһƬѪ죬еıþͧڷɴԶ𶯴󣬻Ļϵġߡʶ
ѾԻٳȫݻ١
ôܡ
૵˿һƴͼٿϵͳƿ˷̨ǰĸӵַ˴͡

ϣʱҲ˿̨ǰüͷĻϵĹʡ
ȴûϣ෴תͷ˰
ʥߡ
۷ֱ
ֱԼһУһ֮ǰΪֻǳ޻̸֮
Ϊʥߡĳ壬ȻżΪӴκͷǳ֪
г嶼֪ʵҲΪȻƣʥȺڳп޼᲻ݣҲռԵɡ
˵ᰲԼĺӣһֻѪʥߣ𻯣ȻɱǸӲʬƳԼݴǳ
ϸֳ˿ҪŻƵı顣
һΪѪ֮ûôĵȺˣû뵽⾹Ȼġ
ǳĲֵĸһֻʥߵʬȷ˵һֻʬ
һֱᰲǰһֻ̣Ƴ˷ɴʥ߶ΪǿʼձŻԣȻҲᰲΪ֮ģԴЩܳһͿֻõľ󲿷ԣϵӣɴԼһ
ڹȥǳޱȻκսϹһķм¡ķɴȣҴĴԱֱٵÿֻҪԹάУӵи߳ļʻԱ캽Աȴδڳֹ
һжΪᰲͲҪʻԱͶബԱ
֮ᰲǴǳ
ǳ
ЩʱԱΧգű˵ҲΪڸǴǳӵαװɡ
ڣᰲ֮󣬷ɴҲʼɱ
һ
Ҫ취
Լ
벻취Ļпһʬ֮ϡ
鼱֮£˷Լ԰ӣǿнֻ׾¶ĳק˿̨ǰ
ͼͬΪʥߵİԼȥӴǳ
ȻڰĴ̨˲䣬ʾġߡʼۿɼٶɢ
ڼ̳еҲԸܵǳױ֮ǰҵ𶯡ȻͬΪʥߡҷɴѹͲܰġӴĿ񻯡
&amp;&amp;%
÷һ䣬ҪǿקȴһʹĿ
뿪
߽԰ĺд
̧ʱŷ֣ޱȿն
˳ղµ䣬ȵʹϼ⾷ΣŮƵݿȥȻͬ
뿪
밬ȫһ
ʹ࡭ʹడ

ڲͣؼš
*
ʷ֮ǰڰڲӰӹϵ£Сǵ棬һڡ⿪Сιۡ
һڡ״̬ʵãˮȻޱǿȴҲǰȼֻСӵ
ֿԸоһ㡣
ۡ
һڡԲִǿ׳棬Сԭʼ̬׳ֻǴ˾ڶೣ֮һͨѡ
ƽƽһ˳س𻯣õĽҲǳΪһֻȼϸߵͨѡ
οڻܵˡˮȾ
СҲߣҲһѾ
ԼԲԼڳĸһѪжϣѹûκȵıҪӦģֱüֻСֻ覴Ӱ쵽ѨˮƽʵϣСǲҲġǶԡһڡȻżΪŰСƷԣΪѭܣάΧֹ΢ͳ泲Ľ
һѹ˳ĸԡ
Ҫáһڡ
ҲֻСӣҲûйϵһҲҲ󡣡
εؿЦţǰó۽ֻСϵ˿ڷãְȫιñģıͷһ֮󣬾ԸӲһҲκġ
Ȼ͵͵أֵݵˡһڡĿߡ
Ȱɡ
С˵
ллأҲΪ֮ǰõϣġٻָ⿪֮ӿĳݳ޵ιԼȺ˳溢ӡ
ֵĻһڡЩӵž޴۾Сؿ˿ֻС֡
ؽԼӴªڽ䣬ǰ
СǵȻҲˡĸסΪ̵ֻĴ붼ñֱһڡ۾г˱ζ
ݵ֮󣬳ȴر˳Ĭûжԡĸס˷
裬ֻܵ档
ᡣ
˲˲˲ˡ
ǣ衭˾ͺá
ֻ档

Сǲûзв˻˻󣬡һڡΪϲϵɫ
ɲؼǽǣͷ­ȴʼ̽ȥ죬еĳζһֱˮ
ڿ֡
ȴֻǰ˶մּͷ
˲䡣
ֲ˲䡣
֣
֮͵ġһڡе㷢
ʲô䡪ȣ
ֵ
һڡһŽյģһһں˳ۡ
СǿƲס߿˿һڡͱŵȻ˲ӡ
֮ǰûбˮȾʱҲôųԸ񰡣
ֻšһڡڷÿʵӣͷʹѡ
ô˵һڡ㻹Ǻ˳ۣھϣܺúûҲ֪Լְ˰ĳ۵жá
ǳ漴ϣͰԴ˾Ĵɱ
Ѿȥôˣƻ׳ɹû
ôһ˲䣬ʼ˾𶯡
ȻڳǵĴӵ£ΪɴԻٶµĴյû˵ַֺȴǻȻеһѣļ¡


ÿֲÿֲÿֲ
ʹʹ

Ӷϸ΢ʶڷɴϵıըͬϫһ㳯ӿ
Ȼ䱧סԼͷһʹ
ĳȥִδظܵһ㣬ԺУСĹҲڷİ
Щϸӵĺſ֮УΪʹ࣬ΪһʶһХΪߴˮǽȻֱʶֱѹڵ
صزһ£ȻܿƵصȥ
ǾֵĺЩȴԵôңԶ
һֱ㷢ԼȻһڵ֮С
¡
ĺʶ𣬽ɫĻֵͫĹâľȻؿǰһУžҵıըչ˷ɴ㾫»װΣ¶ڸҽѪ⡣
ҰɫĹչ¶˳Ǵ屾޴ʬ
δȫûĲУһЩȱըӹĹâ˸ֲ˳ŹâǰУΧӣըԶȥ
ִһڸڵԨںڰͷ԰׵İ͸ĹĤڲ
ءʹ࡭
üͷ
˻˻ȻϣЩĳȴȻȻת۱׾ʡ
ʹ

ֲĤأ֮£Щ԰׵ĹĤϸֳ˹ĳ֫ڣ
һֻ޴Ĺꡣ
ǰţζԼɱ塣
ڿ
ޱеظֿ̹ܵǵʹ࣬ؿ˺Լ壬ÿһѪ⣬һͻΪٿȻʧںڰ֮С
Իٳ
ͷȻȻسֵʶС
ֻڡɱԼ
ֲ֪ԼΪʲôãⲢڻججΪֻɱĳеʹġ
ʶʱֲŷԼѾֻ忪˵
ͣ£
Ϊֵ
̧ͷֱضֵӰ
ǣߡҡԼ
岢ûʶ׾ػӦ֡
ֵĵ׷һ󼸺Գ֮Ϊŭ𡱵
ӵģߴδʸҷκָ
Ծأֱ̧֣ӵֻɲĶͷϡڲ֮ǰҲͬĶԼĳ̡
˺ԼԳĸ־㣬úûȥ
㽫õҵľİ
Լںڰİ

ͬһʱ̣ڴǳ̳֮С
ͷöȻͣʡ
ĻϣʼϵԤ
  ܳףѼ
  Դ
  Ȩޣ߼
  μȨѽ
  ɴȨתó
  ɴȨתó
  ޸
  Իٳֹ
  ϢȽҳ밮⣬ĸס
  ӭ


80 
ؿĻ, ûΪ˷ɴĶȻµİ
ǡԭʼʶ
૵
㼯ʶ˻ӦȻַʽ㿴ǶԵ, ĸסȷʵѾع顣
ɺ֮Ϊϲöʧ֮ʱԶڵĳȴ˾ʧĺ
裿
衪
ֳˣ
ȻȻתͷ̳֮ⰵҵķ򡣶һֱʱŷϣһ˳ȥ
䡪
һ˺ţ뷿Уϣ־塣
ڳ̵ĻСƽʱ簮Ⱥ׳ȴԺǵĺ޷ӦۿӯԵˮ, ۽Ǻףɫȴ԰׵÷·ꡣ
˫ذԼͷ, Ծز
ˡٿˡ
߽ﲻϴݳ
ֵͫѾ˼, ĤֻʣϸϸխխһȦǶڵͫױԵ
ִ֪ʱͿԼ϶Էն˫һ˲䣬ϣǿƲסսһ¡
֣
ϣɫ, Ҫǰ, ԱȴһӰޱȴֱֱײȥ
˵ֵ࣬ؿŵڷ
, Ŷ, ʱ, Ͽӣĸ, ֻһֻ׳, û취ôʶ!
ԭʼĹȥ, еĳ嶼гǿ, ǿԽԼʶһֻһ, һֻһֻȺԻһʶϵ塣
Щʶֻ֮ͳһܳĸʹչȥпܻΪһĳ泲ʶ־ȫĨǱҲΪĸһ֡Ļ³ҲٷչκθߵǽΪǿ󣬿ɲԶ֪Ĵڡ
ڣ˼Ⱥ䣬˵ʥߣ֪˻һԭʼΨһӡǣǿĳЩضʱܳĸӣΪĸ־ӵһ֡ĸŵĽУϵҫ䣬Ϊÿһֻĸӵãõ˳ĸעˡǽΪĸ׳ԼһУꡣ
ǽڳĸ־еõƽҸ
ôҲû뵽־ȻʱӡζţԼ־ݷɴڱˮʴ󱬷Ŀʹʶ
ĸס
ʡ
ɺ֮޲ôж̵ľݺݱ̢Լ
ôû뵽أɴԻٳֹͲΪϳ֣Ϊ˷ɴ塪ֻĥ˼ʮĻʬʥߣ
ʱֻʥĿɲʹľѾȫֵ֮С
֡
ûȥԼĳᡣ
ģ۵ĸͲּܳľ
ֱǿд׳ĻϵԼĻС
ͼԼĻ֣ôԶͽ޹
ڿһֱڿûа취ͣͣ
ֵĿʼûκν㣬޴ļͷޱΪԼ
ҿĸףЩӵֻһȺ޹ؽҪӵȳӣѾҴϵг壬ҴҪǣĸףǸ޹أ
ֻڿ

ϣɫŭ޿̵ǰƿ
ʶҪȻڶϣտ˫֮ȴȻʧȥ˶Ŀơ
һֻ˸ߵȼѹƵµȳ壬ֻֽẕ̌ԭأϣﱧ֡
Ҫʲôֻ˺ĸס
غ
ϣû
ߴ˱ס˲ѵֵָ֣°ʹ߶Լ۾
㲻Ҫ塣
˫Ŀն֣ϣһһ˵ƽ
עתƵ֣ҡ
նĵһ𽥻־ججϣɱ˫ӳӢݡ
ϣɫ˫ͫ貵⣬̵ķۣ񾭡ҲĴ̼˲ϸܵ޺˻
һֻķɳһǰ֮֬Сֻ㱵ؾԼҲȻ
ֻҪңֻҪҵֻҪҵĴ
ϣ
ֻҪҾ͹ˡ
ֻҪ˱㹻
ؿϣȻգգ۾

һֻʥߵʶĵؽҵʱ򣬿һĻ
ߴ꣬˶ռĶͷ·Ҫ˳ǶԼ塣
ƫƫ˽ĳ壬ȴķʽյõֵע⡣ɵĿϣϵĵлָ˽ࡣ
ɴʮֻӡ
һ̣ҷɴȻһžΪˮĹǶξɴҲðƽ͡
Ǻӡдǳ֡ŵ˹
ִ϶˵漴һԼϣĻﳹ˹ȥ
*
ˡ
ֲԼڻ֮ٴֵξ֮С
ȻܹøĻ֣ᷢΪξɺ֮ԼĿ¡õĻǳơ
ǶԹߵһعŹȥһУǿظ֪ԼһУԼϲŭ֡
ͬǣԼʮǰԼΪĸ顣
ȴԼġξͷ
ȻҪ̽࣬ѾǺܾúܾԺҪǵˡ
ڣ飬һԼʮƣĳЩֽȻͬУšԼĸߴ壬鸴ӡ
÷ɪ˹
ϳԼѧ
ǣξУǸԼ֪ѧȫͬ÷ɪ˹
ξеġ֡÷ɪ˹һжԵøر
ߴĳ貵һǳɫݸӢò˼顣
ڳ˵÷ɪ˹ʵЩ졣
ָܵξСԼԺĺ档
ֻмڽһȫµĻΪ̽鱨תԼ̬̬ɻеֽ鱨ռ
˼֮⣬ԼæµһУ̵رɲԭʼΡ
һЩʶֵУͺȻ֪Щһ
÷ɪ˹Ѫᣬڡ֡ǰʱȥȴȫȫһӡ
һͷͫɣ֡ʵ벻ͨΪʲôһֻߵȼỨ̬⸱ģȻ˵⸱ģȷʵĿǶڳ˵ⴿһ˷Ѷѡ
250Сʱ12ೣʱ䣬ǱԵִԤĿꡣ豸ڻ׼֮ϣĿǰǵļƻɹѾӳʱ13.218.9ܹͻĳȺߣֵ
ɳƵͳȻͣ£Ϊ÷ɪ˹̧ͷֱֱࡣ
һֱڹ۲ҡ
÷ɪ˹ûκ˵
˵ʱȥǺֿԹԺϳɵ
ò˵ı׼÷ɪ˹Ҳ൱ֱʵЩ໥Ħģ
֡ЩĲɵţȻڽյ÷ɪ˹ʵʵع̹Ȼس¡
Ȼ÷ɪ˹ڵ֪г嶼һ
һ룬֡Ϳ÷ɪ˹ͷĴ΢΢𣬲һζһ¡
һʱĽӴá֡һЩ֫ԡζǵĶʾӦǡɻ󡱡
Ȼͦɰġ
һİ㺷ɿԡ֡ĵ
˱ڵ⣬¾ԼδֵС
÷ɪ˹û˵֡Ǽȥ
٣ⲻҡӦ֪ɣҽŶʮ꣬Ѿս˶ʮꡪ
֡˵
ʶ඼ʶͿʼǳսʮ֪г壬Сڼ־֮£λĸ±žҳȣϾǾ仰ô˵ţȺңҼȺҼǵǻǳĸŮϵʱ淢ɢѶϢɡǵһ㣬ǳﹹԭ˵ûа취ѳĸΪϳûԼ־
˵̲֡סҴ󵨵ǰ˴ա
޵Уµħһֻ壬Ŀԡ
ĺܲһֵáֵʵǹڶˣͺͲǳ壬ӵ־ǻһ
š֡Ļ£˳Ĭ
÷ɪ˹ûпڻӦ֡˼
ðɣϾǳ壬ںܶطȫһ֡ҲûָԷĻĳԼĺġ
ᵽ䲻һʵʼ磬׼ҼĿĵؼѰ棬ȴ÷ɪ˹ͳ
ȥһ˿Ȼ
Զڡĸס


ֻڡ֡ӡǻһж׼ĳ壬˿̾ȻЩƵ㯡
ÿҽ롮ĸסҶõkİ㰮ҳϵĵkƺӦĴڣkӦǡ
¡֡ĺˣ֪óȻ׷һֻĸصܿܲȵ֡ǿƲסʵkӦģ
£֡Ȼֳͬ޻ʲƵתԼ
֡üͷôˣ
һ룬㿴÷ɪ˹ȻչԼĳɺѪҰ
ջųѪҺеζһĳ˻֡Ȼתͷŷ÷ɪ˹βѾֱӴ̴һֻĳ塣
÷ɪ˹ûж֣ڵġ֡ӦѾֻеһģѪ⡣
泲ˣ
֡һץĿͬ㳯кȥ
ԡ֡÷ɪ˹ΪԲģ˷ĳˮӿ
ξУҵս;һ˲
Ƭ̣ǰĳȻ任
ȿȡ
֡ס죬һԡ
ۺų帯ʬѪҺȳϢıǻ
ܣַһխɽ
֡Լ壬ȷԼڰ쵽ĳֻȥ
Ѫ΢΢壬ͷϵ˿ڡ
÷ɪ˹˺ۣÿһ˿ڶѪģޱЩطѾ׶
Щ˿²òʹںֲ޲ȴֻ治ɫԼβ̼Ϸڳ˿ߣæطԼ˿ڡ
÷ɪ˹ֱĳҺʴľ޴˿ӿĳЩ֡޿̵΢΢ֻ塣
ӻͳǡ
ȻҲ֪ԳûãҲ֮ǰ˼ʳʬ壬˵Ŀԡ
֡û˵꣬˾ԭء
һŹâľ綾βĶģǰһ㣬Сƾͱסˡ
˵á

ǿԽͬл±༭Ͷμӹԭǲ֪Ѧңĳġ޲һЩصȱ˿ڡԭϷЩѾƨС顭
֡գգ۾治ɫذѻ˵ꡣ
ҲǳһСںϾ౻ɱҲûʣ¶ˣܹȥͬһ尡ѪⰡడɶļսȥҲʧΪһȤ
ʵڡ֡Լ˵ͦȤɵġ
صڱƵɽĻȥȻϸ΢İˡ
֪֡Ľȥ
÷ɪ˹ҲջԼβ̡
Ǹ
ۿųعƽ֡һ˻Լԭλá
Ҳǹĸġ
ӵзǳǿҵĸعҪ˵֮ǰΪսôõˣͬ壬ҪأҲɱ
֡Լղӻ˲Żֳʶˡ
ʱʵ˵
÷ɪ˹ԵúܳĬӡ֡ĽǶȣԿ˫ںڰϸϸ΢⡣
Ǹ
ã֡ǳԳĵǸ

ڳȺУκθһˣΪ泲Դ
÷ɪ˹Ȼ֡
ĸ߼壬һֱűѡʱҵĸһˣص޷ɱЩѡĳ̶ʱҾͽԷɱұΪԴ׸ĸס
֡ſڽؿ÷ɪ˹һѵôʣð죬ޱȱ׾ػһ䡣
ۣǳҲ̫ˡ

ۿ÷ɪ˹ûˣ֡еŵزһ䡣
ȥ̡ܲ
÷ɪ˹Ĵڷ˿֮л˻Σֻһι̫Сûб֡
ǰǳ̡
ú
ֲξɢ
ΪԵξ÷ɪ˹ȥȻĵĸо
ԡҲŻáĸkӦ˵ء̡
Һһֻĳ壬ΪǻεֵĴڡǸkķǳᡭ
İ÷ɪ˹ĵξĩβɢ
ֲһ£һĽҺл
ѾҪǲԼǵڼѣ쳣ξʶĴ˿̽֯һֱ˲ʱЩʶ塣
÷ɪ˹
һסˣϤϢһ㱣ʶغǸ֡
˵ļһ˲


81 
ϣһְɫ
ҡ
˵
һ, Ȼɫ
Ŷ㡭ϣ
૿, 漴ӿѪζü
һֱϸ۲ֵĳɫһݡ
ﲻ
, ңһáϰԵε漴˿ԼΧ
İĻЩ

ﲢǴǳ
ׯݻ, 鲼ɫɫװڴ˾ҷɴĽȻͬȻ, ҪǣΪŵ˹ֻͳ֮ϵѾжˡ
ֺһͣвԾشЩǰʶʱӿͷ, ˲ּ̫࣬ææ׷ʵǺôˣ𡪡
΢һһǿҵѣϮ
ȻһΣڵء
ǺӣϣСĵرס֣Ĵֻ̧¶һˣָǼֻ޴׳, Ϊ֮ǰĻܵصľ, ֮һжܺáָֻ˷ɴļһ, ʶѾ˳˯, ɴϵĳ湤ڼӽ޸ɴˡ
ûе׷, ϣ֪ڵʲôһֲֻˮʴӡ˵ֻ塭
СһڡС˵
һڡҲû, ״׳治һ, ڽж𻯡ʾһ
ϣȥƽ, еʶ֪ԼĵкӶƽ֮ص˵ĻȻϣ̲סĵѧ쳣ơ
ѹǻڲ䣬ϣΪѧ
ͬĸ壬ǡĺ
ϣȻִ˿̵һ˿Ũصĵǣֱܿǿѹס
㲻õ壬Ƕܺã㡭ڵҪǳϸĿ˺͵
ϣЩѹֵ˵
ڴǳϵӸԼ˷ǳ˺ң֮ǰڴδõġʳ£һֱڲͣط֭ԲǼֻ׳桭
ֵѾٳױ
ֻӰתƵ
һ˵ţϣһСرǰƿš
ĸ׸Ľ͢ɴϡ
ӳģԶ֮ǰķӻֺΰĿռ䡣װζ͸һµڽ̷Щӵذһֱ쵽ιĺɫͽɫװֲһִԼѾڲ֪лص磬ڲιЩѾΪ߼ʤżĽû߹ű
ϣƽʵǡ
Ϊ׼Ϣҡ
ϣޱ˵
иõ豸ͻ԰ȹƤڡ
*
߶һֻ档
һֻ巴Ѿĸ֮ڵļ档
ڿҿҵعս׳˽ڲһ¼ʿĹҲ޷Ǿǰܹ̽鵽ϢȻ󴫸ңԶһΪɷѾͬ顣
ΪԼƽؼȥĴβСıŷʵݣȻ󱻲̵Űֻ㹻ã˥֮󱻽ȻԻصѾڶȹһΰȵʱ⣬
δԼ̽鵽ʲôغδҪϢֱǰһ½ųԱĬ߼лѣȻٵһҽ͢ɴϡ
߶ϳҷɴֻ߼Ǽڳɶʱʸλ֮ۡ
߶νʾ֭ػ룬Ҳ벻ʲôֵýһҷɴش¼
ȵǴ֮ŷֻ֣һеãٵɴϵ¼ʿͷˮǶԼķһ֪ûг֪ԼηҲûгһǾҪӭһλ
ȷǣҷɴѾ㹻ݳޣΪһε񣬾ȻֱװһЩͨһӶԽӴݳƷ˷ɴķ϶߶޷ǣҷɴڲ౻ΪʻôֲЩֲˡ߶̽ϢΪЩõĶ˽һʳĿʽ
ķǳ죬㲻Ǽ߶Ҳôá
ĸŵһһӻĿͽǳԭ֮ĸ֮⣬Ҳûб׷ˡһȺľۼأĸƽʱѾ㹻ȣڣּȾǱ˷ڵĶҺ֮У߻
η֮ǰĸĸ߲㻹ɥĲȥϲֲȷʵд˵ԭ֮ĸѾԤˡࡱĴڣҵkһг˺øС
ǣСʻ
һֻ˻ĳĵӣ
ڳʻɴΪӭӳڷɴ׺еʻ
Ըԭ֮ĸľܹңЩһﲻҪ̫
Ŀ˷ɴϵĸֿ֮ĳֻֻﲻϵ
һ߶ȻûЧɴڷ·ϧֱ棬ֻΪ˲ϵؽǨԾռ䡣
ֱǵִһİ꣬ɴͣµг̡
ﲻӽκսҲûκֵעĳأҲϣǿƮУòȫ˾ֹ״̬Ĵǳ
ʼʱ߶ûϳҷɴǺպĴǳΪȥʵЩ졭ΪĴǣȴ߲ѣ֮£䶯ͣģϵĶ
˾ͽķڴ¼ʿĲ²⣬߶ȴ²֮Աǣԭܼ򵥣˾ĺѽͽŵĸֹоҪ֪֮ͥУ֮⣬ûκһֵĸ˽ţ˽䱸Դ
ǵΪʲô׼ҷɴ
߶ɻܿ͵õ˽Ȼͬʱ˸
Ϊ©߶ûڹ涨ʱͥЩֵģֲΪֻ嶼鳲֮ͥŬظЩġʻ
ʱȻĽŲ
ǿϢ֯һ߶׵ؽͥĽУȫȫضá
Žƽؿһг߶ҰС
ƽӹôҲһ¼ʿļ棬ĿɿڴؿżֻӦóڴеĴ˽
ɺ֮λΪ߼̵Ĵ塣
ðɣǵҲĸŵĸ߲㣬ƺǺġ
ǣģ·ڻеĸ߼ʱ򣬾Ȼһİ
ϸ˵ӦǿⱣһʾǰĹ
׼ȷ˵⹧׼Ĳǰ壬廳ꡣ
һֻȥͷǳСϢ塣
ܹ߶ȻԼĲ֮Ⱥĳӵгǿĸ֪ڷǳԶľжϳǿȼԼǵȺͱ˵ڣ߶ľ¾ͲǰֻһֻѪᣬһֻȼǳߣǳµǿѪᡣ
߶ԼȻǿѪĴںӡ
Ҳûʱϸ˼̫࣬Ϊܿͷ֣һǰʥߡ
Ҫ߶õԼĸ֪Ȼθ֮ǰһˣֶصģ̺ȱҵĹŹϢǰʥ߶صϢƬ
뵽һԼĿõĻҳʱİֱӳԵֻͼֶԭ֮ĸĸ߼ʿǸߵȼ壬ֻʿڰ֮û˿ֿͻ˺ɵѪĭѪȲ̵һĻ߶вƵӿһ־壬һ¡
߶Ϊ⣬޷ջĿģǰҲİǿѪᡣ
˶ǿǰ߶ȴƲסűֻѪᱧڻС塣
ǵģǼһĺ
߶ٷ֮ȷһ㡣
ֵǣȻ޷жϳֻСȺƮŷǳϢ߶˶еһ㣬ûŹôŵζ
ĳλĸ߼߶ֻĵһ뷨ܿͷӦ˹ܡûκһֻߵȼ壬ԼĽ˹Сģ˺ǻ
㿴ֻѪĳֻ׳档
еĳ嵹ǻͨóĳֻԵΪͬԼȨǣҲֻڽ伾ŻֵΪ
ֵĻаʥߡ
ǼһڿȥǱԼū棬һֱʧǵظֻ۳ĿճմģʼͣѪỳӰ֮ϡ
һߵɺ֮ҲԶ֮ǰôĮɺ˫һֱͣѪϣһŭԵӡ
һг۴ĸ֡
ǿҵĺ߶һֱǣɾʱһ˵⣬Ȼ˸顣
ԼǱ
߶ֵؽԭҰǼûע⵽ѪҲãֻҲãҲãǵעʼֻͣѪỳϡ
ĳֱ߶أ̧ͷ
ţԼϷ˫˸΢ӵ۾
ԭʼ̬׳棿߶Ŀؿ컨ϵɫӰֻ׳棬еıȴڽŶĳͿ־塣Ƕôµ׳棬߶֮ǰӴĺüߵҲǿҵѹȸС
Լˡ
׳ĮȻע£߶ԼѾҪɱˡ˳Ŵһ·ӣµʼڵȼѹ£ͽ޹ܶ
Լ
һ

߶ԼʱᱻɱʱȻһǳƣϸ΢ĵѪỳ
ԭϢ˵׳棬һ΢ŵȻò
Ƿɿ£˳̽Ŀװ£ֻǵҪ߶Ƶģ
廳ӰƺЩΡ
Ҫˡ
ֻͨһ̾ϢĪأ߶ȴĸо
ҪǷĴڣҪ
꣬˵ѪĮĵ˲߶Ļ״̬гصʵ˯ɣû㵷أǾϰѲΧѡ
ǡ
ԣ

͡
ߴǿĳмڳ߶ķһۣʼգֻǴ۽ޣרעؿűԼꡣ
쳣ʵ˫ڱŻ䱦һСĵӵ꣬߶ֻ壬ȴܾǸĳ
ܿʹԽ˾ĲõͥԶȥ
ֻֻ԰׵׳ǲ̫Ƶģֹ۲߶һƺȷ߶С޺Ȼתɿػع۳С
ת˲䣬һгνԶ
ǿϢɢȥ߶ӦָܹŶԣСĳȴǴվԭأȥķ
˵Ҫ̽鱨Բſһг壬˵ǡ
Ҫֻ׳桱
߶ܿƵָ̧ؿڣĿ
ܹѵӦòκ״ȫʹ
ղƺֻ塣
ɺķ϶УСıƳĳɫ԰ѩúʱԻһ΢ɢǡ
ǳǳ
˺һ߶ǿָ־
ղſӰʵǹ߶ʱֲʵС
Լһֻĳ
ȥķһгĿĵӦǷɴϲ㣬Ϊڼǰ߶ԼĽʿͬǲǧϲ
ɴϲ㶼׵ˣټĿռ䱻װεøû쳣ݳޣûκαҪ˷װ
ԣΪһλ׼ġ
ϲռʱΪѾ߶￴ݳõ磬޷ĸ˷ѵĸ־ٶһ̣߶ȴԼ뷨ú֡ݳ޵װװ꣬Ҳ䲻꣬úĴڡ
*
һ뿪ͥ߶Լ˾̽鱨ûִ֪ɴġݡ
ǵºͲ۵裬̽鱨Ϊ֮ǰһֱеú˳
ΨһΣеѯʺʹ̽ѡ
ò֮ΨһõĻӦϼޱĺǳ⡪
㲻Ҫô࣬ҲӦöһλκεʺƲ⡣Ĵûʸȥk䡣
߶ϼɳƶܵ˵
߶˶еޱʧ䣬ɾʱԼ󷢳ζĵ
ΨһҪģݲܹ֪һλʵʱǻΪԼľٶеԺͽǻΪԼһεĺжеޱҫ
һֱҸ˼㡭
*
ԣĸΪԼҵԭ֮ĸ𣿡
ڽ͢ɴϵĳֻСΪͥоһƳĳ겻ͬһʱ̣֮ĳ泲ĸǣ̨֮ڣһͳɳƵ
ʥߣעԼǰֳİ͸ĻĻҳͥһ棨һĸŵĸ߲̣ܴϢλ΢߶һ̴ݹ鱨ǳϸ˵ǰĻسֳϣԼݺϢ
ΨһģģֻһϣڻӰ
鱨עص㡭
Ϊԭ֮ĸꡣ
ɺĳ֮£¶ģֻһСϸСԼ¶Ĳ԰ָ⣬ֻһĨģҲԸܵϸ
ʾⲻһֻѾתֹüΣںü۳շתӵ۳档
Ϊʵǹ΢Ĵڣɺ֮ĸţұʾֻΪֵ¶ʵϾǻعԭ֮ĸǰϿûϸ¼
ĻϵģҲֻȼ֣Ӱ¼ǿȱġ
Ĺĸ߼̵ҪֽŵʱӰȻ˵֮õһǳʹĽѵ
ݹ۲죬ɺ֮ʥԼΪϣȺ˳壬ֳ˶Ըøǿұ
һ֣һʱӿ˹ۿߵͷ
ǿЦαƷҪð䡮ĸסԻô߼塭
Ⱥ޴ĳôסĸסΰ󡭡ĸס
һһҡҡλεأӿʵ¡
֮һиѪˮӡ
ߴûκλװݿȥǳͨ⿴òĻ²˾ʥʲôаĴڡֿ̬аģ̫һһųºͣȥ˵
ɴʱȴΪȵķŭ΢΢Ρ
ԵЩ
ɶ񡭡ΪʲôȺ֪ļһãܹĸסĻع飿ǸͲ֪ʲô֪
ǲ֪ǵġĸסǶô̡
ֻ֪
˵þûصڿյĳ泲ڲȻӦ
Ҳ˻ش
ڿĵ³Ѩ֮Уһһ޴׳ԲܷЩУƯҰ׶εľ޴ÿһ壬ڵǰһ߸ӳ񣬸ӹ죬Һݵɫ˿ĮƽעųѨ֮ڣ̨֮૵ˡ
ЩεøͬȴݵĿɲʬһԳĬӦ૵
ȴǵõ˻Ӧһ㣬Ȼ俪ʼЦ
Ŷ찡ôĵȴ󡭡ǾȻԡĸסϣ浽˶ءѾ˶ãһ
ָںڰĿĵصͫȴһƬɢ
ߡˡšʮʮꡭʮء
ʮˣĸסûл
ɳƶĴݳʣڵϵӰʼ͡
ֱ泲ױڰǡ
kͲҪˡ
ظ
һ飬һ顣


82 
ϣֻصݻľסʱ, ſĦһֱκȻѹ
ڼСʱǰںü˵ĸŸ߼̵£һηǳ߼, ǳơ
ָ֪νƾٱʲôô, ֻ֪, ÿƵʱֵֹܶΣںóһʱκ, ·˾һ־塣
, Ȼ͵ñ˱ߡ
Ϊһ׼ֱ, ǰʮ, ûԼгһջ䵽״̬
ʱ޿̲·վ޷, ճжȫĲͰŪ
ֱ׳е׳, е
ΪӺϢһװߣڳǰѾޡ
Դĸź󣬶̶̼ʱ־;Ӽֱڵײ㴬յĻѰ
Ϊ, ʵʱָûֻܼϣ֮İ壬ʱĸŵļ˾Ƕϼۡ
, ҲѾеܲˡ
Ըܵ, ǿҵߡ
ȣ񣬿ǿҵӵһ, εĻ硣
Ҵ忴ʱвҲΪ֮ǰй, ڵֶеĸ֪쳣Ըܵ, Ҵг嶼Լ, Ӧ˵Ƕԭ֮ĸŲǵݡ
е˴ŻϲΪνԭ֮ĸֵĸоȴ͸ˡ
·ֻص˵Լײʱǵģǿܶ˵ġϲЩϲصĺڰȴֻ̲סŻ
Һã໹ϣԼСǣǵĴڶֺһЩǣϣͳ̣Դֵ̬Ҳ֮ǰһ΢Ĳͬ
ɢϢпַܻ̼֭·״񻯣Ҫ׳ȴס
ϣллأֿ֪ԭ֮ĸ֮ûбֳʲôȺͳԣǣֵıһֱͣ־ȫĸеĽʿͼ˾չ֣һ֮䱬һս
˾ǵʹչ˺ùԭ֮ĸǴӽһ쿪ʼһֱΪһ׼ϣȻǳֲʱ̣뷽跨ռĸס
ϣֵָȴ侲
Ҳǡ
ϣ˵
ĩˣֲλԭ֮ĸkҲκİ̤kĳѨɣЩСļһʲôʸ֣
ò˵䷴ʵƿԡ
ǳսĳĬΣϣҲΪ⼸챧жΨһһ

ٴݻ֮ڣΪǿҵĿж⣬־һЩ
Լ̫ѨۿϣԼֱϴæ̫ڵػζһ塣ҪϣĻ
ȵȡҾѾ˯ùõˣһһ塭
ĸ֣Ÿսƣ
һֵС̽ŵͷĴ룬ҪֹͼϣСſ˫ۣѾվ˵ϡ
תͷЦЦֻеֲǲˣǿԡ
ûͶȻܹһݵ顣ʧȥƽ⣬һᵹȥ
ֺһͣһ룬Ա߾Ѿһ˫ϸֱۡ
ȥ͸ŮֱһϸֱסʱȴܾԼ·ʲôӲֱС֮С
òײҵᱧһ£ʱ۾ˡ
֣סˡ
ŮƵĳС˵ƴؼȡԼů¡
Դɱᰲֶ֮Դ̬ȾۿɼѸ
ȻҲʶֵ䵭
ͷԿտյʥ߳Ȼ벻ֵǿķɱ÷ɪ˹֣ȴѾʧȥ˼䣬СһԼǰǰܺ
ָ֪Լ׸ζԴİ
Ӧɱ˰Ϊѧ𣬿ǡ
ǰʱַ·Ҫ۾׽ǹԵ޴ȫ޷֡
ʱǸӵֻǵغһ𣬲ΪԷ䵭ܡ
ؿھһһֱںⴵ磬Ҳֻڱסֵʱ򣬿Ըоڱʱˡ
ĺϲ֡
ĵСسŻ
֣ȴڰһ˲νӲרעĿϣȴʶصͷܿǶϤʹǳɫ۾
ҺãҲûֶܱãһѾǳ£㲢ĸ׵ãϢ˺ģ
һ١
ҲãϣҲãЩԭʼ̬׳棬ֻˮʴӵȻεͨ棬ùֵ֭Ļ˵ǵõ˳ϵġáǵ֣е岻ڿԼõϢ
ɰδõֵۡ
ϸ˵Ѿ𽥳εȺгͷβġߡ
ߵϢأֵܻ帺
ɹڽӽ

󣬶Ѿһַ⿪ȻпΪֻǵĳ׾ֻܾĴ󳳴֣ɢӴ̼۳ϢؼֵĲ֢
ݵĴͺѾȲƿ˰ĻȻҲһ鷳ĴڣֻҪȰþˡ
ۿֵӰһ廳ؿһĨİĸо
֣ͷƵؿ˿Լ塣
ûκˣΪʲôֱ˺Ѱľʹ
ϣĬؿ밬֮Ķݽ档
סֺԾһȻԡĸסϢѾֻ۳Ҹú޲õгչ¶Լĳ
ϣĿֱͣһ˲ɫ˫ͫһ⡣
ۿִʱѾСذƵˮ֮ϣϣüңǿѹסɱ⡣
ڻõõֻĵĶ֪չˡĸϸڣңĸȨ죬ɵصõ۵רҩ֡
ɱԷʱ
ϣĵƽ
ɣʵڲпȰ۵Ǹһ
ϣ䵭Ƴ˰һۡʱͷɥΪӰ쵽֣ѾĬĬ˵˽峺Ŀȴʼͣפֵϡ
εų˿ĳ꣬˿̿ȥֹ¶ּį
ֻͬϣ쳣ǿĸſظ֪ǿС̺Ŀɲ
ϣһ˲䣬Ѿǰߵעӡһǳɫ۾΢΢Ȼϣ
ǸͰͣ޴ĵСϣǰȻһģ
ɫͫɫΪܶͬӰǳɱӵʵʣ޲ֱпϣ壬ٽ೹׽飬Ĵڴֵﳹʧ
ǷӣѪɱ¾ߡ
δ
Ȼᡭ
ϣ˫ֻأָô⣬е˵
ͬһʱ̣޿̵ؿڡ
ȥ

۳ĺɶɻӰ쵽ľܶȣҪ͹ȥ򣬲ҪӰ졮ĸסļ飡
ʵӦҽʦʱԭ֮ĸ״
ԴӲЩҽʦֺͻԵúܽźЩİҽʦĹ
ڣеؼֵ״Ѿܹ˸߼ƣǼֵһָ֮ɫǱ쳣⡣
ϣͰĬվԭأûĺǳ⣬෴ǼǲԼͬؽת֣Ŀ⾼
֣
ָɰͰ͵̾һڣҪǳȥ

ϣͰǰǷǳġ
ֵҪ£ֻѱ۳쳣˳뿪˾ס
֮ԸǣΪƺлҪ˵
òǷԼϵĳĸѪͳ˰ɣֺ˼ţȻ֣µĵ
֣̫ˣҪʳ
֣ɬ
ṩġʳ
Ļֵıе㽩Ӳ
֪Ҫ˵£ͲϣͰ뿪ˡ
ĺܲ⡣
ǵģ֮һֱܽʳӪҺȻǺȵģܵҪµģЩνġʳ
ȥɫãǰΪ̵ȫΪʲôֻǻֳôǿҵĽʳܡ
֮ǰªֱֻɵԭʼֵпԼѪҺ塣ֻΌܵҲȻϣȫظ˼¼ԭ֮ĸĽʳ̣ԼѪҺʢʥ֮УȡѪʱҲܵر˼Ĵ봿࡭
ѪҺݸʱõĻۿɼĿ
ǸʱΪԼĿ¡壬׿ڽȻҲΪṩʳֻǲϽʳ
Ӧ˵ΰġĸס˽ȴҲ˵㡣
ɫɬǿҵľɥĴǶͷ­ȥ
ۿΪѪҺ鹢ڻҲǽп಻

ʵֺԼĿǰΣѹͲʲôɲ̱Դĳĸݱ¶ˡ
ܹһһԼ֮ǰҸúøϥ̸һǿɹƭҲãթƭֶҲã֮عԼǸĳĸݡ
ֻϧϴûкҩԣΪӶʺļٵĸŵķɴΪֵ壬ϣͰҲûֹΪ
˳㣬ԭ֮ĸعȫ֪˽ŵĸ߲㡣
ƴҪεݣڽŵڲѾ˾֪
ҵֻһ£ԭ֮ĸĻع飬غڳδԼĸȺȷӣҲûóȻϢ֮ڡ
ǻݻķɴӭ֡
һǵķɴִĸŵĸ֮Ϊĸŵ䣬̻ʽȷֵѪ
Ǹʱ򡭡
µõӦеȨҫֽ쳹棬ÿһض᳹־
ɺ֮˵Щʱ˼Ϳȣ˸ޱĹԡ
ǰȴ亹͸󱳡
ĸŵĽ̻ʣ֮Ǽһµֶš
ΪԵʣɴ޷ͨǿǨԾֱǣǻмQʱ䡣ӣҲعĸŵĴӪǸʱֱֱֻλѪ֮ͽҽܶԷС

ĵź
ȻĿУ־嶤ԭ֮ĸȴκθ嶼ԼڵһʲôĻɫһĸкĻ壬ΪµʵʧĲ
˶ѡ
Щж϶ش˲ٹڳĸѶϢ˵ķֻóȺһпܾڿ¡רҵѹءһֱڿ¡ʧܵĳĸⱲӾûмֻɹƷԲŻļðΪԭ֮ĸ
ӵκ־ܲ۾ԭ֮ĸĻӦкܶԭ֮ĸɣ
Ҳɱ˫۲Żֿµ
֮ԼԲԭ֮ĸ
ĵƴԼ˵
ֿԼһֻ塣
ΪȱʵǹԣгһбȻᾭĻ׶Σ˵ȴޱļ尾ʹ࣬һֱʻ״̬֮СǶİ͸ôڸôСѾýƤڵ֣ںķҺ֮ȴԾδܳɹԳ
䣬ҾͲܷΪ١
ٶûͲƤ
ûоһƤͲ𻯡

ֿԸоԼЩҺһ㷴ӦûУҲΪԭꡣ
ҲֻԼҡ
лЩͰɣȻϣĳΪ˴ֵĽţԲŰ˵ôϸҲ˶õ˷ǳҪϢһԼĳ䣬ıɳ٣ǸʱֱԴԴϵطڳҳܵĳۡ
һָڳϡ֭ȫһҺ塣
еĳ嶼޷֭ܶĿϵĺɶҲ޵طŴľܡ
֮ôϢֿ֮Կ϶һ㣬Ҫ浽һһжˡ

ǸҲҪΪǣֻǲԡ
ԼڣִͷشȰ˵
ǡ
üͷ壬⼸ֿܽʳΪ۵׵ĺȦŨء
ΪֵĻعƵ˯Ҳ⼸켱ض񻯡
ǣӯؿڵеĽ꣬ڶִʱı֮ȴҲ޷й
ˡʶض˵
ִʱȥֱ˼㣬Լ޷ʳ飬ֳĸԵ޴룬ѹ
˸ſ־ͱˡ
ֿȥֱѾ⼸ıŻˣԼڸʲôĵԼ
ڼĸסľʧ룬Ҳϵظѹ
ԲĺŬˣǣҲԡ
૵ͷԼı顣
ǵģ
ζԼĳĸ
һǿҵԤУԼĳɹƤ¾Ҳ޷ڳĸĳѪ⣬ԼҲԶԶ޷ع硣
ʲôЦôҲԼĪرһֻ塣
һֿɱֶĵĸ塭
ڳֿԺɵٹԭ֮ĸϢ
˵Ĳ̫һǳĸҲһֻܱ۳Զڳ泲Щ̿ͼӴ׻ɫ𻯺µ䡣ʵ°岢ɱͲ԰׵ľ޴ѡֱ֫˻޷
ЩǼٵĴԡ
ǣҲһЩģĸ֮ٽκεΪkϵ᲻ܿƵĴݿڶ۳졣
ûκһֻԳװѶԳĸԼĸڳ֭ǿҿ
ǻ᲻ϵضϵɱֻΪ˻ȡĸΪʹ;ֶͶǵߡ
ڴѾΪǿ壬Щ춨˳ܵʼҲһ֮ԿڳĸǰֻԣΪǿʱʱӳĸϼȡ֭ܵΪԵkĿ
Ϊ˱ȺĶԼ˷Դɱڴ󲿷ʱԭ֮ĸԼڵĳѨ
ֻбkѡеǱӽkչ˵kkһ³ĸߵȼ塣
ԭ֮ĸڳеĸֵɫѿżˡ
ԵΪƤڵ˳Уֱʳֲ״ʱҧᶨؾܾЩʳ
ǣ޿ɷϵǡ
ֺܶ
ǳǳض


83 
϶ô, ʵϣֵѾסּµĻ㡣
ѪҺӿﱼӿθͬʱҲǿҵҸʵС
ԶġʳҪǿҵöļܡ
ʳʱͷԶһƬհ, ֱڻһ㡣
һֱּԱ, ôֵܸǿһ㡣ǣڴϣġʳޱ̰ù۳ġ
һ, Ҳ޷صǰ
, ڳĸһ, ڷؿšʳһʳζɱ, һɱζٲΨһܹģԼǲϿ屾ܵ
Ȼʱ, ԼԸоڱô
Ҳ£û, ־һνơ
绨ٳƷ̫һֶʵ൱һ
Щİĳ˾ϹϾؽַһö޴Ҽ֮УʵҼڲҺ, ˵ĳ־ĸ߼ӪҺ, ˾Ǳ࿪ʼֵʽͣص档
ֳִ̬ҶԼʲô, ܲͨƤӪҺְɡ
Ҽ, ˾ǵģڿЦб۾
ÿһ, ֶ᲻˯ȥ, ȻֵֹΡ
һҲ, ҲһֱڿʳԵ, һεҲڴڴڲͣؽʳȵҺմĴߣδȫɵļ׿Ǵ΢΢ĽʸС
ȻеԼڴ˷ļѹ֮۾ģȴԼѱ˺ĳѡ
δȫ׳ֻʣͷ­ĿѾȫȴʼղκη
ȿȿȡ
ΪⳡجζȻѣ漴Ǻȳ
һӣҼ뱻ֱп
ַһƺߣһҺ뿪Ҽ롣Ŀ΢ֻѾ߷ǳؽеҺøɾָֻӹֱûٱκڱεʱԳһ
֣ҡ
·ԸоĽϣͷѵ
ȣҡȿȡ֪
Ӧһϣʵê㣬˲ɢؿΪجζʹ
ǸجδҲ̫ˡ
ΪȼԳѣ
ִ˸սǿԼеЩ³
ʱһЩϸС˻ĶС
ûá
ݡ
̫ˡ
Ѿʹõҩ

εķＸ۵ļ˾ڽ䴦ѹɤСһε
Ƕżһݵɫ͸һء
һԼ⣬Щϲ
ֵҵǣڲ
*
ڽ֮ǰ˽ߵġ
ֵʱκģǿ׽߻ƺᵽ˽̻ʡ
յ֮ɫ쳣ѿüѯ֮ǰǿջЦؽҡ
޲öʮСʱĿȷӣĵ뿪Լġĸס
ֲ֪ʲô£ǲô˵е˵ġ
Ͼʵǲҵɫ;񡣺ƺһֱΪΪԡʳṩߵĲԲһֱܾʳĸϲЩ¡ĸͨ˵ǳݣһҪԭǣǺ׾ͻʳ״̬ǵ˵ԭ֮ĸҲΪԭܾ׸kĹƷĸʳ޵Ҳ
һ뵽֮ǰޱеؽɢԼĳѪݵԼߵĳ־͸оθһ鴤
ö
㻹𣿡
ϣ۲ֵı顣
ڿѩҰ׵֮˵һ˿ǡ
ҡҺܺð
ִһ飬ع㿪Ӧ
Ȼʵ֪Լһ㶼á
ܿ顣
ܶ
Լ־ڷشߴȡΪشת׼
ҴʱЩκģһجΣԳԺżе޷о񡭡
ͼεóٻ
ϣı۰Զ˽ʵȹ̡
ڸߴĻУֿᵽϣϢء忪ʼ𽥳ųת֮ѾԴϢﲶ׽صѶϢ
˵֪ϣǳǿ߸ߴĳ˵ϣѪҺҲΪϣṩϢأͬ糿̵ȿɿһŨɿڡ
ֵ񽥽ûɢ
֮ǰڴǳϣṩʳĳȻ쳣
ڰ̬ϣǼĿСƤʱļ񵹴̴΢С
˶Է̵ְѹԼʱѹ
ǵǱϣǿмеѪҺǶôȣôֻҪȥӿȵů糱ˮ
ֵĺ𽥱ü١
һ΢ֲԾҧסԼ촽ڱ֮ǰ΢һ㣬һСıҧԼǡ
һ˿ʹֶȻѹ

ղŵʲô
ִ͵ϣĻ߽ʵؼѹֵࡣָеزڣΪԼѾϣ
ϣǳζ
ϾΨһһγԱϣĹ͡
ŶҪ𵱳ʵЩˣϾٶȥĻе㻳Լȡ򡭡
ؾԼ
ܽԼѧһͬѰУʼվֻΪѧǲһġ
Ȼֶϣֻͷ
ĳĸֱҪˣ
ΪתԼעӶ뷨æתͷ
ǶȣֵĿ̾ͶһİĳСĿ̽
һ۳档
ӷװҲһ̣һƹ̵ĸ߼Ա
Ȼ㲻ֻ۳ƷֶҲܿһֻߵȼ壬ΪԷ̬൱ûʲô˶ԷԶԵҪӢöһ㡣
͸ڳиߵȼһ̵ƯˡʵǺر𣬾º޺Сһ͸һΪòӴֳĴ
ֵһ档
ûڳ￴ºֿء
ڶֵ֮ʼܱ侲Ǻܿ죬۳𽥱࣬ǲԾ΢΢
ֲƳϵĳ۷϶֮ƺʲô
ǳ
ӷ϶չ¶һǳ⿰ʣ鲼ɫĻƣ˵ע
ϸҰȴڴʱһߴӰ׵ס
ϣ
Ǹ뿪ˡ
ϣ·ûв֮Ŀԣ˵
Ȼȴֱøˡ
ᡣ
Ҫϣ룬ڣϣֻûаԼֱǶ塣
ŨϢ˲ס֣ǿҵĿмҪֳ׷衣
ڼѵԼʳ꣬ûע⵽ϣʱ쳣ɫ
ͬģҲûע⵽֮ǰǰʧ̬αϣǿϢѹƵãɪɪġ
Ϊ˿ۻϣ۳ϢأѾŨ˷·ӵʵʵĳ̶ȡ
ܣϣϣԼϢܹӵʵʵ̺ȻֳװסģеĿ̽СĸӴҲ޷Ӵһһ
ֻϧڵֿûвϣ뷨ֻǵرϣϢѬͷۻֽ
ǿҵļ쳣ˣֵĴøֻǲϣƤỽĿ
ԡ
Ҫ̳Եϣ
ҪõԷһС
첻ڡ
뿪ҺЩѵ̧ͷŵĴȥβһ˿ײĴϢ
ϣüҡ
ͥ˴ˣ쾹ȻΪʵǺϲһ𡣡
ȥϸоĻͨ˿ºѴϣ˿ƽصļ뽹ꡣ
ӣæҡͷ
Ȼֻ˵˵
ôҸϣԼ֮ԿʼѰҰΪԼȥܻܿƲסѹϣȻԷһڡ
ܹɰԼĻֻǶ˫ɫ۾Լ¾ͻ᳹侲ɡϾ־ԼͲܶ԰κʳ
о̾Ϣš
һξԼҪֻϧƽʱð۵꣬˿ֵ̲ߡ

ڷɴһĳܵĻ̸ڡ
ͬŮһǿ嶸Ȼվͷζһ£Ŀ͸ǽֱֱĳط
ĶǳͻȻǰͥٱܾš
һֻʶְ̧Լ䣬һѸǹһֻǲչ¶ԭʼΣʮֽ䱸
Ȼһֻĳӡ
ٲԼͬΪͻأٶ﷢
ȻڱȻѡ˹
Ƿʲô𣬵£
侲֮漴ʵ
ԭվ˺һ
ĳĬͥǱýͲͷ
£
һߴ٣תͷĿãصǰĳ塣
Ҳȥġ
˵
Ҹˡ
૵
ֿٻҡ
Ϻһ䣬Ȼ뵽ʱԼ̬ȣҧҧ촽ذ仰˺
ղԼֺܵô붼ֻһֻþɡ
롣
ֵϣôıܳ谮׳棬ԼֻһߡôֶûҪԼʱ
ðɫЩˡ
˰ĻӦ֮ͥ۾Щѿ
Ͼ֮ǰǿǻ˲ٿҪ
ͼð뿪Żعͥ
ڴ˾ᰲ֮󣬰ļȨתƵͥǵݣļ߲Ǳˣϵ
ͥǧ˴Ҫǽͥ
ǵõʲô
һƮƮľܾ
£Ҫûڹ涨ʱڻعͥĻпܻʧȥѪĲȨᱻѡݡΥµζš
ͥѹؿڷŭڵ
û˵꣬㱻ƽĻӦˡ
Ѿúˡ
˵
Ϊ
Ϊ
ֻߣ֪Ǹ겢ϲԼҲǿƲҪӽĿ
һأ
ֹ۵š
һͻȻһ죬ܹԼأ
Σķֱԭ֮ĸ֮һҲкܶ鷳ɡ
ԼΨһĿȡ֮ӵǿٶΪֽᰲ鷳˵ͻϲԼء
ĳֻޱͣ
ͥǻཻһٿڵʱǵѾޱࡣ
£Ҫ֪һ£ڵֻǱһ֡ȻѾ𻯳ɹıڳ˯״̬ϢϢصģʱ뱾壬ڷǳ̵ʱĵԤȻ󡭡
Ȼ
Ҳûйϵ𣿡
һһ£Ĭˡ
ʥ൱ص塣
ǿӺ쳣µгһȻӵжĻԺһʶ
һȴȻطǳݡ
Ͼ岻ӵӴǻڷǳ̵ʱĵڴ
ǶԴ˾еķ£Ѿ뱾̫ˣֶʶҲֻһµʱ䡭
ȥҲ𺦵壬ͥԼ˵˫䣬ϣ¡
Ǵΰı鷢
һȥĻں֮һ𣿡
Ȼʵ
û뵽ʱ򣬰ʳֵ⣬ǲͷüͷ
ͥĳ붼ȻѪɱԣǽӴ̫౩Űµĸ壬ȴûмĥĥߴߴ޴ĸ塣
Эͬɣں֮ıҲеڶ𻯣岿ֻڵϳһ壬ڻӼ֮嶼ȫڻҽ顣ζţ㽫ǵκ顣
ͥٲΪʲôôԭ˾ûи߰
ͥٱĿ֮£۵𽥸ֳһ㵭ˮ⡣
ԼҪһ뵽°Ȼоޱȵؿֻš
˵Ļžûа취ٸһ˰ɣ
µʱ䡭
ĿϲԼ
簬ԴҲϣ
ԣǻȥںϰɣ󵽵ܷڿѪʢʤһС
ǵֵĻԼҲòЩޱİУЩδйʹˣм尾ˡ
̧סԼؿڡ
ȥĻҾͻ
ѡ˵һ㡣
ǵģ¡

ס촽
̬ȵĶҡͥһһ
ôͰŷɴعͥ
ǵĻһεرˡ
һ
ɳƵޱ𾪵תͷ


84 
ϣִԽ˺Ļ, صǼרΪֶĺҡ
뿪ֺ֪֮ͥزһ˿ԾϣƺĬ̫ࡣʵƽʱϣҲǶ໰ͣϣϵϢȴسֲΪǸʳл㱵, ͷһˡ
ϣΪʲô
е
Ȼ״ϣ޵Ĳ, ҲҪװʲô֪ľ, ѵĲԡ
ȻֵȴԼʶӦʱ, ŷԼѾʳ˿ڡ
졭ܲˣ
ϣĴڷ˿֮ɿػζһ£÷·ֵĻþϾɫʵ̫侲, ʵڿʲô

һĬ
ΪԼ˵ʱϣȴȻ˵
״ǳ⡣
仰ֵüͷһ¡
⣬Ҳûа취ɡ
ֳһ, ګګڡ
ҪôʳƤȻֻܱѵĶ, Ҫô;ʳԼһϢ
еѡ, ֵȻϣԼ⸱ģ
ʵȴ, ûбѡ
ʵֻҪԸ⣬ҵһС
ûеܵ䣬ϣȻ˵൱ϵĴ󵨷ԡ
֮ǰҲù, 㲢ûųҡ
ϣ
ڣҶʼųˡΪʲô
ûиһرܵ, ϣֱӿʵ
ҡ
ƿԡ
һΪ̫ãҲ̫ʹˡһ, ֵĴһƬհ, 벻κεĽڡ
ݵʧ̬ϣ۵, ƺֱ˼
˵һ˿ӵɫ
֮ǰֶһӢѤ۳ĿתĳһεϣԺлطš
֪Ӧøѹϣȴָ̧֡ѪɫĴߡ
Ȼ־Ļ׵ؽסˡ
ϣϢظֵķӦֵڼӿ죬٣ϵԼɢ˳ϣɫʼ

㿴ͺҪ
лУϣһ̾Ϣ
һǴɣΪʲôϣгҡڴߵָԴʱֳջԼʼʹ
Ҫɡ
Ҫҧϣָ⣬ȻлȡȵѪҺ
Ҫ
ô㾿ںʲôأ
־㱵֣ΪϣһѯȻ
һսҧסԼأĴʹǿԼסһ˿侲
û뵽ϣֱģһѯʼֵθ鴤
Լεô𣿻˵ϣǲ鵽ʲôһ뵽Լݺܿع⣬ȵľѹʳܡ
˵ʲôҲңҲûں£ֻǡ
ֻһЩϰ߻ѡ
˵ʧ
ֶϣ۾ôһ˲䣬ųֻŵ꣬ȻԼֻص˵ѧӻǶʱա
ʲô͸ңһ
ǸʱѧһĮ˵Ļɭ»˾öԷޱĮ
ȴôΪ
Ϊһ˫۾ˣһԱ
ڵϣ
ýţõʱһС
ϣֵķ֮΢΢һ¡
ֹּ˵ͣһֲ֮
ѪҺҲãҵϢҲã㻹Ҫ࡭㶼Ҫ֣Ҫ֪㲻Ҫκ顣
Һǿ
ԣҿԱ㡣
Ҳû˶˵ƵĻʵϣּҪϰЩ˶ԼֳŵȻϣĻֻ֮ǾԼʼЩҡ
һǿҵĳ嶯ҪͰһжǰĴڰɡ
񵱳񵱳ԼѧҲϣɣϾơ
͵ϣѧ
Ȼ󣬳׵ذԼԷ

Һãڱϣĳŵ׳ͷ֮ǰһЩָе΢Ϥתע
ʶתͷȻ󣬱ĸۡμʱɱþľһĲ԰׳ѱýʵ޳м̵֫Լ൱˵Ŀ֤Щ׳׿Խǿ
ιСǡ
һڿ̵ֻ˲䣬Ĵ߱㲻طһ˿Ц⡣
ǣ
ֵߺ󣬼ֻСͷĴȫ˷ֱܵ
һʱ䣬Ⱥ׳汻ֵֹľסܹദʱ䣬Ҳֻдס·ϣǳݵһСΡ
֮ǰһֱԼҪڴ֡
һָϣ·ʵ̫ͣˣںҲƲסؿʼ̽ͷ̽ԡ
衭
ǲ裬ֻ뿴һ
Ǻܹԡ

żֻ̽ڴӣֲȻʧЦ
һ˲䣬еʹ־Ͳ죬ƺ˷ǳңԶ顣ò˵뿪˳ǵߴߴ⼸Щ̫ϰߡ
ǿ񣬳ԶԼ̽ͷ̽ԵǼֻ׳֡

塪
ϣ̲סѵ
̧ͷϣ¶һĨ˿ζĿЦ
Ҿ뿴ǣǲӰ̫࣬˵ҵ屾͹ˣٲܲȥأ
ԿϣԼƹˤΪ˲ͬ
ʵҲ֪Լڵ״ǳ⡣ǣȷʵĶǼֻ׳Ӷ˵Ҳ֣˵ԭʼ̬׳治Ӧ˳Сĸŵҷɴ֮󣬽Щļ˾ѾСǵĸݡһ۾ϳ⼸ֻӵȺ
ԭʼ档
Ȼִ˵ԭʼ̬׳ǿѹģ޿ɷϵǣԭ֮ĸͳεϹʱЩ׳һȺͨ档
ݳڲԶϣԭʼڳ泲ҪأȡԴʱ䵱ǰɱ¾Ǿ͸Ⱥ֪޾˻ĵ͵ȹûʲôǵģǷǳҸݻеı룬ǻ߾ȫرԼߣ泲ԼһҪǱʺءǽҪѭѡǿľԲӵиӵкͷĴԡΪ沢Ҫκ˼ֻҪ³̣ɱ¾ΪĸԼ泲һС£ǵȻҪȸ߼ĵࡣ
λų֪ʶԨļ˾ЩϢ֮ΨһķӦǡ
ڷƨ
ֲû
ԼȺС¿ȥȷʵ̫ҲܾһȺѪɱ¾
Ӻϴݶ쳣ֿûκε١
ķǳ¡
ͺñڣѾоСǶԼ˼ɼ֣СȻûп̫
ǵȷʵǰ˼ţǱᣬʮֽŵȥ
ڲ֮ǰɴϵҽʦͱʾЩ׳ĴڻӰֵ塣Լ㲻Щӵϣҿ϶׳ҲһȻҽʦ֮ôĸ״һĳǾԷѡԶ֡
Ȼޱ֡
òеʱ򣬻ǻƲסĸСĹ۲졣
ǣΪš衱壬ʱȺ¶ĳȻҿ֡
Ŀô˾ֵĶˡûסֳС֡
ǡòǲϲ˰ɣ
Цݣʵ
һΣ־ᶨһŶ̲סִ˹
ȻΪηϣϵϢǰҵľʱǻǽ̧֫ζŴϣȥѯ֮⡣
ϣüֵİΣ˵ҪģȻȺ軵˵׳֡ɾʱĻȴ΢ĵ
ĺңҲǡ
̧ʪ˫ۣĿϣС
ϣ
ڴǳʵѪĶߡڴʱػһ´ǣȻ̾ϢĬ˺ǵĿ
׳ǲط˼ϸϲ˻
ȴյߵš
Ѿѽ
̧֣ظ׳ͷ­֮ϣŷʱĴѾø֮ǰȫһˡ׳ԭƽļ׿ǱޱȴֲڣžͿԸо֮ǰʵࡣ
ֵ̾ϣһ䵭ؽһ䡣
ǵٶȺܿ죬ȥĻǼӭһƤ
һ¡
ҲҪƤء
ôȷʵǳˡ
ݳɣԭʼ̬׳һƤ֮󣬾ͻӵнӽڳɳ
ǻøǿ롣
ûųġĸסıȺСӦҲܱԼ˳𻯡ڳȫӻʱ⼸ֻ˳𻯵ԭʼ̬岻ĵˡ
һпֶ˳شȥ
뵽һʱָеޱο΢أһԽ͵
ûԼҲԻȥء
ʱͻȻ̧֮ͷֱض֣·ִܹ˿̰˵һһϸϸĵѾ࣬ȴȻСʱһͼͷյֵĻв䡣
Ȼһβ;ͱԼͬһҧסˡ
ֻ׳ֱҪ͵͵жˣֱӸŴ
ֻ廥ʱһ̴ֻ˹
š
мĺӣ໹ǳ壬ױӵģֵӡУһֱթҲһָӵһֻ
ŵѾ˺üͷϸ͸˰͸Ļơֻ׳ӦҲܳɳΪѤƵƯ塣
ԡĸסԵЩɬֻ˻ԴȻͷ
ĿȻֿһźɫİʪҺĲֱֵġ
ò˵ǴмֱĹ𾪵۾ͷ˺һŷֱСŻеģȻһʻ
ȻѾѱΪʻˡ
ֵǣɽźķѾʣ˽ŶõʻֱӴӼ۸߰޶Сغڿ͵ֵϡֻϧȻ֪ԼҺʻֽĶ˵ĸʴСģò׽ʻʱʻҲѱһŷ΢ȳζʪŻ
־ˡ
ȻҲˡ
ֻûοŵĻһͿֻ׳ڵš
ݿͷʱ򣬷˷ǳ
ðɣӲ̫õ׳棬Ҳ֪˷ǳ
٣ȵȣûϵ
ֲò˺һӲŽǼֻ׳ֿôһСѾͷĿѣá
ϣɫֹ±ڻУı۰Լ׳ǿɼĿϢذ̵ִҰи
Ϣˡ
ϣĮؿһ۵ϵʻֿ˿š
ԴǱԼͬгӡޱǿİ壬ڿȥȴȻɥúֻ涼ɱȥ
ϣûͰ͵ţϾɲϲ簮Լĺӡ
Щ׳ҲӦԶһ㡣
ϣû΢εĿܣСĿУֳȥ
ߴ󣬳Ĭǿ忴ȥ͸һȫĶ˻ĳĸϡ
ֻ·ĳʱĿƳȵһǡ
·ֻǲؿ˿Χܿ죬ϣջĿ⡣
Ǽֻԭʼ̬׳ϣԶܾ֮֮ǰϣĮһƳĽ䣬ǿƿһ˵ĵطȻжһ¡
һֻԼĳ򣬽˻ֵ̬ϣȥʱķ۳Ϣط·𻹲ڿ֮УΪǿߵƲסط
һĭ̧֣սսذԼϵͨ
㾿ǴĴڣȻܹҡǵģҺȷһˡ
ÿ־૵سͨ˵
*
ص֮ϣ㽫˯ַ˴ϡ
˵ֻԶԼĻУΪֻſԳ׵رԷ
ΪƣѾ⿪еĽΪҩԵطѾʱղٷڳۣϣȴȻظ֪Ǿȵ̺֮
ȡ
һγϵļ¸
ϣ
۳ǿߣָĿøǿҡ
޿̵ؿ˿ڣװԼΪϣ߶ͣս
ˣϢһ¡
ּƴԼȫǿ仰˵ڡ
߰ɡ
뿪ȻҿĻƲסԼ
ĵ׾š
ϣɫ˫ͫޱȻ谵͵ƹ£·ԵҰһ˸΢΢ӫ⡣
õġ
ͣһ˲֮ϣ˳˵
*
ޱȺʵĽϣرա
ϣǰ˼Ȼͣ˽Ų
̧ͷſƿһ˵һһ˵
֡ǵġĸס
ܿҲõ˻ӦӰɳΪǿǷ˼ᶨĻӦ
ðɣô˵ȺСһĳЩʱõģϣεԼһ㣬Ȼ治ɫسһͷȥ
еĳɴѭųϰߣͨͨ۸ӣһһεĲҡ
ϣȥǳ⣬Ȼ·ĳһʱµ̧֡
ǽػӶһ֡
һֵļУһӰȻӿֳó̬ĳͷһʧض㿪ϣһӹһٵĳ廹ޱȾš
Ƭ̬ĳ򼸺Ǳϣشϳһֱڿ̽ϣҽϣٴζ֮ǰȻڵϹһ¡
ϣڳ˳ƣƴѹţֱҪǶȥ
ԸɵĹҫ塭ϣ벻Ҫ֣Ҳûж⡭
ۿϣģæڵ
ֻǴˣʺá
ֻһҪǰͷ­壬΢΢һ١

ϣ˼ظ֡
ǵġ̬ŵɪɪҪѯΪʲôɱᰲ֮Ȼûֻۻ֮
ϣ̧̧üңɫһƬĮ
ͻķѾԱǰҪǼһĴڡ
ϣûеһʱشԷֻشǰֻ塣
һɱġ
ϣ仰˵ʮʵ⡣
ıֱܻڸһɱֻļһ
ɱ£ϣȤȴһ¡
֮ǰҪǶ˵滰ϣᣬϢȴֲǰĳ弸޷ϢǵΪʲô˼еҪɱ
̬ޱȲ۾ϣ
ֱǾϣȱʶϾܹ뷴Ѿĳ壬Ӧ֪Ǽ¡
ΪΪɱĻֻħۻ֮㽫ðռԭ֮ĸǵһС
ʥߣҲ޷п¡֮رѡʶ


85 
ԭֻΪӦϣٳԼҪ˯
ȵϣ뿪֮, 嶸ȻһɣһС֮䣬Ȼľ˯ˡ
־, һ֮ǰǴƣ˾ЩֵҺԼζˣڻصֿʼֵΡ
ʵǸӡ
ġ֡̾ڼžĶѨ
ڸߵȼмֵϵʯ, ҲװγĸСƷ
ЩĿʯڵ񷶥˸ϸĹâ, Ȼȥ·ľ貵ǹ⡣
ҺܱǸ, ֪һܲԸ, ô, ҵ, Ψһʺµġ
ڡ֮֡, һҡҡλεĳꡣ
Ȼ̬ǳӰȴޱȾ޴Ť
Ӱڲ֡ԸܵԷɢ, ͷźԨһʹ;
֡ԸܵǺɢ˼Ϊʹ֧ʡ
Ҫ˵ˡ
, Ҫ˵ȥ
ɡ֡ѡڡ
ôʱ, һֱϣܶһЩܹǡ
һ̾Ϣ
Ҳ֪ҵǼ޷Ĩĸȱ㡣ǱŰ, ɱ, ̰ǹ, ״̬Ҳǳȶ޷еص泲ǽǣֻΪһȺ̰ŵĵ͵ֻ, ǲһġ
ᵽп, ֿԼߴĳ֡
Ѿʹ, 廹ǵײײسš֡
侲ǿ󣬶Ҫǣ㶮ÿԼҲ룬ǣҪ֪һ㣬Զֻܽȫ㣬ҵĺӡΨһʺҵĳ泲
̧֣֡ϸǰ֫ڳĶͷġȥǰ֫ϵĵְ̣ͥЩʱһģһ
úܺõģԣ¡
ȳҪǿöĸߴ壬ӦûбС¶׳ǵĺõȥ
зһɬʣȻ˵ˡ֡ࡣ
ȻţСסˡ֡֡
šָ֡⣬һˮʱĳͻû̬õˮԣմʪֱ֡ģʵǳۿѪҺ
벻ҪԴңĸס벻Ҫңˡ
ɢޱشˡ֡˼
Ȼͬһʱ̣֡ȴɳƵĻӦ
һķԸĸס
һΪ˺ó泲һͬȴĹ

ȻԷϢԷĲԷľǣξУվڡ֡ǰĸߴĿȴʼģһš
ȻҲΪΪξ˹֡ʼղ̧ӹԷ۾
ξɢһ˲䣬ˡ֡˵ʲôأ
ùԡᡭ
ֻһ˲ϸʱ򣬷ԼѾ̫ܼոյξ
ĵ׵ģֻξݵİ
ֳŴ
ߵȼε¿üС͹㳡
Ĵ£йߺ׸⡣
ܰ
ֿһ۹ԣԼȻѵʱ㣬ڳ˵ҹ˾ʱ֡
˵ʱӦҲ֮С
ʵݣֻҪԶָ⣬ΪṩΪϸܵķ̡
ȴûôֻ̧֣Щ㱵ؿ˿Լ˫֡
еĲһ̧ģһ˫֡
Ƶָϸ
ûʲô⣬ھư򹤵ʱиŮͬЦŶ˵˫һ֪һ̫õˡ
޴ӷ
Լֺʶذ˰Լĸ
۶ٸ߼ӪҺ޷壬ݵԼЩĵĳ̶ȡ壬Ҳú㡣Ͼʱ˿̣Լûвκֵ컯
ûбޱȹ͵°
û͵·Ҫɰ͸Ŀ¸
ҲûЩ·䶯ѡ

ǣѾʼ̰Ҫ̳ԳѪҺԼĻпܱ
ʵһֱȥϸ£ɴ˿̣ޱȿݻ֮Уȴеһ޴Ŀ־塣
ɳ
ڴʱֺȻһſ
üͷȴû̫⡣
Ƿѣг鿴״˰ɣ
̾һѹؿӿһĨᷳ
û£ҲҪκεġ
ֵʧˡ
ΪΧڴߵĿĻʱڱԲͬѰֱ˺
޴Ļ΢ֱ봲ڡ
Ǹ˶һߡ
ȻֱȻԤеϣǡ

ЩԻ۾
֣վֵĴߣֱؿǰޱȲ꣬Ȼ󿪿ڵϲ㡣


86 
ó, ֱ˿̵İŵˣϾڵģȥʵǲô
Ҫֵķ䣬ͱҪػſڵȺ׳档
Բʲô׵顣ˡϴ󡱵֮, ׳ǼԼ֣ǿ簬ĴڣҲòҪĴۣſʱվֵĴǰ
ʱϿƱˡ
ɫѪҺ͸İ塣ƫƫȴûвЩ˿һŴϵ֣ɫŹ֣гӯǿҵָеµĿ
ʵ˵رǵڵеֲƬֳǴǰҴʩΪı̬
İǰֹ˺üӲŻع
Ȼʶǰĳ壬Ǿ仰ζʲô
ϲ㡣
￩һ¡
, Ȼ˵ˡ
Ŵʾ䣬ҪŪȥ, һɫһ䡣
˰ж, һСƬɫļך
ҷɴϣȻŰɫךĳ塭
Ƕɣô˵ģ
ֲͣ
ôˣ
Լʻðһ˲
Ƕš
Ӧ
֪, Ҳһ, ϲǣǻˡ
ſڡ
Ǿ仰е״˲俪ʼ
Ǹǿļ, òؿڣ㲻Ҫ̫, 㿴, ǼֻСһﶼֻ׳, 䡭
κ֣˿ҲǳزֲԾ
ȥĺ֡
һŬŰ΢ЦһĵŲԼȥ
ɫ̽ԼĹԡ
ǵģýЩ鷳֮ǰһ˰Ѱߡ
ָҷģĶʵ൱ΣϾѾƵ鷳
ȻǽߵĹԺָ⴫ĴȴǹƽӲǣһʪճ⡣һӰĴ֡һ˲䣬ǸֱȻȻزֵָȻԼֱۡ
Ǳһ˵߲塣
ֺһ͡
㵽ڸʲô
ΪŶޱȸɬ
ңҲ֪
˫ָеޱȸӵĵɫ۾ʱԵ쳣ʪ۾·˸һЩϸСˮ⣬ôһ˲䣬ֻΪѡȥƺڿȻϸĻŻ֣ᷢǲϷɽѪҺ
ֻ㣬ϲ㡭Ұ㡣
ų״εߣ建̽֡
ִ󻺻
Ȼչľ޴
ǶԳ˲ֵҰƺ԰ֻаͬʱŨصӰ֮£Żİƣڳϲ˸ԶԶȥЩ쵵ƾӵһ㲻ϵ䶯С
һСıЩƣŰ˲еһͷĿѣ
ʶһ˲عʱͷԼϾȻѾ˰Ĵ롪Щڲ׽ʳã΢һ˿ͶҲ
ֵ˲ؿڵײ
ҾҪ侲һ¡
ֿڣԼеľʧ롣
лǿ˵
Ԥн͸ֵ壬Լǰ꣬þһ˿ǿԼ밬н档
Ҿ֮ӦһЩᡪ
ʵܲƭˡ
ȻֵĻ
ȥ־ң˵ʱȴ쳣侲
ǣֵĻ˵ǼٻҲš
ǳС˵أ΢΢һ̣¶һֵЦݡ
ʵƭҲܺãƭʱ򣬻ܿġ
˵ֵĻǵЦݽʧ
ҿûʱˡ
ƽ֮ȴ̺޷ľ
ôһ˲ԼȻجΡ
һʱѾ̫ƵΣһֱڸͬʹĳ򽻵
еԼҲһֱڹƭЩԼԼĺӡ
´δξпЩݣξеЩȴڵİص
ұһ𡣡
˵
ԣĿʱ촽һ£ȴĪδ˵ܾ
Ҫˡĺϲ㰡̫ϲˣÿһ㲻ϲҵʱ򡭡
У̧ʾֿԼؿڣЩ׾ıȻš
λöʹְûκ˿ڣΪʲôôʹأ
һԼһسָ
ûеֻӦԼĻѾ̧˫ۣӵס֡

־͸Լеһů
Ҳһ̣еһǰδе㡣
ܹԼʧ֮ǰӵ֣̫ˡ

Ȼ֪ķʽֵķ䣬ӵԷ֮󣬿϶ֵᣬûסԼӦǲĴڣΨһΰȴе˿־壬һСľʧˡ̧ͷȥִʱ۾ǳٴֵ˫пβסĿܺΪˣĳ굨ӵؽֵؿڡ
ƴԼ֮ǰҪץһлἳȡԷ¡
ȴš
ȴֵĿܺ衣
û֮ǰļ䣬ڤڤ֮ƺڸʲôõģһЩ̶ĻӦ
ûϲûڴû˰
Ͼֻ覴Ʒ
ϣǲϲ覴Ʒġ
ĵ׵Ǹڲظ
ֺѾ֪飬֪Ϊʲôһȴðе˴ʹ
˵ĻҲˣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ΪϸСֻСʵȻأûеõκλӦ
ͷҭһ¡
þ
Ҫ
ʱ򣬰Ȼоһ˫ֱ۲Լļŵ۾Ƕһߡ
֣
ʵ
ȻûеõֵĻӦһɼǵ˿ڴȴ˼Ĵʹ
΢΢ͷԼ˿֮ϡ
ޱȱ׾ĳĸǳŬԼݿŰ˿ڡ֮ǰɼǵ˿ѸֹѪõĤʱȴѾ˺
ֱӵ˰˿
Ѫӿ˳
Ըоֿʼʡ

ܱѵʱãǰĻԼһܶĿ
ϾǸһǰɱѧ֡
Ҳһֻ
ٴεجλص˰ίķɴϣھֻοֲ䶯֮﷢ҵļС
ôܻҪֶ
ȻѹԼʱֲŷԼ֪ȫ
ΪǰڶʱȻúܡζ
ԼѾ˰ɡ
ʶɢһ룬־
δԷκγۣΪʲôȴȻ϶Ҳ֮һأһҪĹϼȡ֡
ֵɢ˳ᵽһĨ֮Լ˲Ծȴڲ֮ܿƵࡣ
޷ܵس˲ӡ
ĸϢˣȻ˵ıŰݴϢؿֻǿɲ۳壬ǿȰԼ׳Ѫ⡣
޴ӱܣ޴ӣ޴ӷ
ҲҪ
Ҫ
ӿļ¿ϲ谵ﴫ˳غʱʱĳ򶶶֮
ͬһʱ̡
һоڡ
Ѧңھһʵ۲ʱͻȻͣ˽ŲڱĿ˹۲ֻΪγϡ
оÿһֻӣڳսϵĲкЩкȡDNA½л޸ĳӵʮƵо
ǰЩô΢ͻ޺˿̣۲ڣֻС۳ʵ忴ȥȻԵޱȹŤ
ھʱЩʵ嶼߹ԣһǷǳ̶Ѫ
ȻʱֻȴȻޱȰ
ʵ屳ЩµĶȫ˻ȥӲ̶ȿȺϽı׻ƿ¶·ĳ򡣱ɴһĳڴ󲿷ʱ򶼾ڱ֮£оԱҲѵһ
ɴʱڻŤУǶ԰͸ĳһһչȥŽߵıɴˡ
ʵ嶶Լĳ򣬲Ҹ߸ߵ̧Լĳ֫
Щϸ֫µյϡ
Ƴɵյģͣڽܵź֮ʼг򻯵ҡںͳ鴤ͬһʱ̣ĽҲ֮ѣЩγĸкȡϢغܿͱͷϡ
ڳĸϢصյ£ֻԱΪ۵ʵ̾ͽ˼ȿܵ״̬־ǳ˲ޱŽǶȵı仯·ڹ¾ǻ˹һ㲻ϱãԶԶȥֻ۾ĳζ
Ȼȥǳᣬʵĳʵȴ൱
ֱó·ǱСöյȫ
ⲿڱó״̬ԼĸĦյ壬ϢҺͷų·յȫ͸
һ赸֮۳òײɿ򡣵ûзſֻʪյ壬յʱѾΪжóٻ
Ļеڹ۲ײĵϻĻζΪ㣬ȥʱʱڳ鴤
ײҰʵǳᣬѸٵֻյı󡣿׾˺Ŀмѿ¶ϸҴԵݡ
ȻʵȴûоԱϤΪʽĿʳԼ·յ塣
һϸĵɫ˱ܣʵ·̽
ʵ忪ʼ˱ܲϵյ塣
Ĳλյı
Ŷģģڸʲô
վѦңһǰĸ߼Ա
ȤζĵŹ۲ǽһĹһ޵˷ܿʵ
Ѧңޱ䵭Ƴһۡ
ôһ˲ֻ뿪һ죬ȻǵԼļƻȷʵҪ㹻޴ȴ㹻ȨƵĹԱϣѦңѹᷳƽؿڽ͵
ֻʵ屻г˴ԣû˼άֻлܣҲΪĻøǿι̡
ֻĵĳѭԶŵıܡȡһЩͲܵõĶ
Ͼ˹յûпǹڱͷų۵ء

ѦңޱĮӦλȨصĹԱͬʱңԶһˣڣҲǿŲͷһֻ߶УȡԼõϢ
ϣ˫ֻأԼǰڷѾļ
ֻੲݵ˵ŷѾԼеΰҵ
ǱҪֻۻĴѾ̫̫áѾ׷ˣȻȴһӳΪǵ
һֱڿ¡Լ塭Ѿˣʷеߣ岢ʥߣһ̾Щ֮ڵʼնǶۻķꡣĹѾռ̫áңһֱڿ䡣Χһаɡߵȼ޹˼ɵİ¼塣ԼͬΪʳڲϵķԼİǲϵһȺ޹˼ɣκνƵʱ塭
ӵǿ̬ĳ˵ʮֶ顣
Ǿֻӵа壡
Ϊʲô
ϣȻʵ
ʲôΪʲô
˵ģȻѾܶ塣ΪʲôֻһΣǻ᲻ͣǿȡ壿
Ϊġ̬һЩԥһ뵽֮ǰϣֻŲӦǾܵϢϣ
֪ôһֱڲͣѰҴõǡЩĴڡ֪ᰲ˾зֳ˶ٿ𣿰յ˵ǿĸ壬Ҳ޷̶ֳȵз֡ʥߣǵġҡ˵֪Ҳ޷ܹ֡ľ޴ǵľ᳹ױġ
ǰȴʼձŷ뱾һ£δΪ;ϵзκε
ԭ
ȷʵʺɷӵꡣ
ͨеԺõ;ƽ⡣
ðɣѾõϢģȷʵ
ǿɱļһ
ϣõԼҪѶϢ̾
õϣĻӦԵЩ˷ܡ
ǵģ˵Ƕ˵ȴĸ塣µõڲ֮ǰΪ̼һΣͥؽ谬ѾٴټȥϣˣΪ˳壬㶯֡һðصͥںϣЭͬҲ𻯣ǸʱӵʷΪµ壬ǳӴҲ޷ǸӰϣˣԲҪĳ棬£ǹغǳδ
Ҳں
ϣӦ
Ȼ˼岻ŵһζһ´ǡ
Ըһɱ˰ģΪҡ
ϣĻͻȻȻֹ
ĳ廹߶߶Ȼȴ÷ǳңԶԶþǴһռ䴫ġ
ʱϣԺиֳȴĻ档
һֻεֽЩ֧Ƭǿʶ
ľȻ֮䣬ʹõг
ǵģվڷɴȽһֻ޴ĳԻ
ͬһʱ̣ƺϣڷԼѪͬʱҲŶԷůҷ
ȵϢϵƤ֮ϡ
ָ׻ʱϸ΢ɧ
ûκιȴڲ˴ʹ˿ڡ
ڳǰߴ䣬ǿĳͻȻ־һ㣬Ȼ̧֣ԼؿںͲһ룬ϣ뵽ʲôµһɫ䡣
ϣ𡭡
ѾҪڣȴϣѾȻתһԾ𣬻δȳĻ£ߴѲӰ
*
Ծ˵ٶֱֵ㣬ǰһĻϣֱֱسȥ
ȻԼûע⵽ϣѾɺ֮ѾֵΧ˴ҳĻ
ȻȺѵصɺ֮ǣȴѾһֻһֻڰеĸʬ
ɿݵʬ֮ϡԼʿǰĿ־
Һã˽ǰϣһ۾Ϳ˻ŵİɫ׳ǡ
Ⱥ簮гСǣҲǱˣǱһճҺϷ
ȻЩճҺǿãһֱڣЩ״ȻڷͼͻճҺİ
ϣϢ֮󣬾ΪǿһҲ̲סϣ˾ʧС
衭Ⱦ衭
Ӵȥˣ
ûء
衭

׳ļУϣֱֵķ䡣
ݻĿռӯŨ۳Ϣ
һֻ۳ϢأĴǰϢҺһ¸ߵȼͨķʽԼأԼԳԼ԰µռȨ
ϣڹһʱ뷽跨ڵϢѾ׵ıĨȥ
Ѿɰĵطˡ
˯ݣ᣸ǱɢƬ
ȻķȴѾ˯֮С
ϢƽȣɫҲ֮ǰĲҰ
ɫƽһֻĻɰԼı۰ͳס
һ̷·ʱ䵹
ǳʵеһĻֻ֣һұסֵĳ壬ϣǰ
ϣĴڣѾһѪҺĳɫ̧ͷϣɱ˵Ŀ⡣
ϸ˵ڵģȥҡ
׳Ƕʱû飬ѾĳĸʳѪʱҲûκι˼ɡ
طѾ¶᾵İ׹ǡ˿û˿ѪҺΪѪҺѾ׸֡
ǰ˿̵ıȴǰδеҸ㡣
ָڴǰϣһ
꣬˯ˡ
۵˵
ȥڵõԼ֮˵Ů
ϣȴܴ۵ŨҪģԼĶ⡣
ǵģӮˡ
ϣٲԸҲһ㡣
ҷɴ֮ϣֶʳĿĿõġ
ҲãϣҲãмҲãǼѾþһа취Ҳδֽʳº͵ϢҺҲ쳣ܡ
ܽʳ̶ֳȣѾ˥һϢ
Ȼȴ˵ϣ˰ϵġʳ
ʲô
ϣһһʵ
ÿһǴ˶Һ
ϣǺЦݣýõૻش
˵ϲ
˵
˵ҰԸΪ׳ҵһУȻ־ͱסңȻҡ"
ƺΪϣܹøһЩ̽öԷܹԼϵ˿ڡ

ϣ΢
֮ǰӿԺел˿ĿõЩӡ˺ȫص
һ̣ϣ԰еϸȫһ顣
ͷ·֮ǰһеĳ壬Լ
ϣԼ·ҲһУֶ֪ʵǷǳ׾ģȻȥԵЩײУʼҲ޷˺ΪԼ
ڵõֵ֮ʮֵ˳
λ˱ʱᷢһССƢ

Լôõˣȴ˱ӵĶˡ
֮ǰֻùϣһ˵ѪҺ
ڡ
ϣ̬ɢ
ڰǰչ¶Լʵ̬
ͬģҲȥŮαװϣǰ¶ɲľ޴塣
һһսʼ
ɾʱǺȻŵһɷ·ǵ궼ڻ㡣


87 
ǰʱ΢زһ㡣
ʱ, ϣһ޴ķѾûĽ̸ڽ׳ǷܲĹ
ŵһ, ɺ֮ٵ߽һβҡ
ԭ֮ĸݻľס̫һ, ҲۣԵõʵ, ˶֪ܹ߽ҵģֻнŵ߲Ա
ϵʱ, Ѿ塣
ĵļ̳ǰż̳Ϲŵʥݡ
̳ϵʥʱʴ±⼣Ľ, ֻ忴ȥȴ쳣ϡȻжԳĸ֮ģɫɡ
ֻƳ峤֮ϴݵ·֮, һ˿ɿܿͱڸǡ
ֻ嶼Խ˾
ЩΪ١ĳ嵱ȻҲǽŵĳԱ, ǲͨԱֱڽ̻ŵά桤֮˽˴С, רŴЩΣţֻǱԭ֮ĸĴ, ˵, ǾʲôĴڡ
Ըԭ֮ĸľ, ɺ֮ˡ
ĵתͷ, 
̬ȶƹ̰壬ûжǷɾ衣
ֻҪһ뵽ŵάֻթϺĹ, Զϲǡ
רԱԳΪס
סʯס
ӦôҪĶ
ǵŵάҲϲԼ, ֱӺк, Įʵ
סʯĴͷ΢һ£Ȼǳ˳ӵת¶Ľ䡣
һͨҪģΪֵλλҲԭ֮ĸĳԱµĶ䡣
רԱһһ˵
ƺڹ۲ûдᡣ
ɺ֮еǰȻרԱǵֱӴ˽䡣
һŨҵζȻ˱Ƕڼֵǵм֮УԹܾš
ÿһԹͷʢŵɫҺ壬ѪֵģѪ֮ѪҺھķʽᴿ֮ѪҺȡһֶԳ˵Чҩ
ԭ֮ĸںܳһʱ弫˥ʱ֮Ⱥ׳ԼѪԭ֮ĸָ˽֮֮ǳĸרҩȺ䡣
ʱ֮֮ѾΪսߴڣ֮⣬ѾгܹõǵѪҺҩ
Ҫ˵ɢŽɫҺ壬Ҳֻ֮ǿߣŵάѪҺſɡ
ҩԼǰŸоԼط
٣Ŀǰҵһݿܻҩ
ԥֹ̧˽䣬ֱת뿪Ȼʱ֮ǰޱȹ˳ӣĬĸߴרԱȴ΢΢һֱӵȥ·ϡ
ͣ˽Ų̧ͷĿؿԼǰֻ塣
Ҫʲô
ʡ
סʯض˵
һЩҪ֪ɺ֮ˡ
üͷ
ǵģǵ֮ǰǱѶϢغδǵΪֵĳ
ǰֻԹԵؽŻͷ˵ȥȴϣᵽһĨϢ
о
ǰѾˣǿ˹ȳģôǾҪΪԭԭ֮ĸȨ𣿡
߼Ա˹԰֣ԼѹʵİίԱ÷ɪ˹ѪᶼΪֵݽ˷ǳϸı棬ʾһо¶ȷʵһԼݿȥǳǣɺ֮ˣ̻ʱ
˵䣬֮
ڰͶ˰͸ĹĻһžԭ΢Եʧͼǰ
һŵʮߺооԱĹ֤ƬϵִȥЩ󣬷·ڻرܾͷųɬ̬Ҳֳ˵ò
ͫȻûеϸһĻ΢΢һѶϢˮһػҰ
չѶϢʱ֮ǲû̫֪࣬ʵԷǳɵذϢȻЩƬӰ¼лļ϶Ҳżϼ䡣
ǵ鵽ֵĳ壬ʵһ࣬ǵʮߺооԱ
̳֮ͨںϵõΣǺֶ̬ΰɣ
䵭˵
סʯЦһ¡
ڳΪоԱ֮ǰһѧѧҷǳȤǣڼ䣬ΪǱѦңΪغرԴѧû֮һ֮ԻʮߺоΪѦңƼ
۾΢΢𣬲ûеһʱ
ؿŹ꾡ʵ鱨ѶϢɫء
ͣ¡
Ƭ̺Ȼڡ
ķԸ涨һζݵӰϡ
ĺʼ𽥼ӿ죬еŵؿŻȥʮɬꡣ
ƷĸߴԼȥСһȦΪӪꡣ
ƺڿõļ϶ĵϣЩģֻܿƺĸнҡ
ߴǿ羰һڴߡûͲͷꡣ
ƺעĿԭڹεȻ̧ͷ߸ߴߡ
Ƭ̺һȴȻͷǸ΢Ц
ݵӰûκܵĻǽƬΣԸо֮һ޷ݵ
˫еѪɫʱŨ÷·ҪʳסʯʮĵһԿڡ
ǵģҲǷǳĵطǰ÷ɪ˹ѪǱ䵱йѳΥΪȻһΥΪձȺڲڸǣǻǲһЩջ÷ɪ˹ϧгҲҪѳ࣬Ҳ֡
촽һ£ȥƺҪȴһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ
רԱཻһ
ǻ˻֣ԵĻ¹
һιԵĻ涨һѵĳϡ
δ𻯵İĳɴڲ񣬿óҴǳ˽ͬѰǣڻϣôһʬ壬ټĳЩѵĸ˿֮ǰȥר־ضȡʲô
Ǹеǳǵǣֵ꣬ԡС183϶ѡʥջΪңʥҲЩ÷ɪ˹ĺ󳾡ʱӷǳԡǲ鵽˷ǳɿ֤ݣʱѾأǰֹͥΪˣںܳһʱһֱϮ˽ýID׼
ԭѾ֤ݴľһβסЦ
̫ˡ
ɺ֮ҡͷȥǿЦ⡣
˵ģֲ֡ǳ壬ʵƷôЩģǵģҳϣѦңȷʵܿܶԼѧ֣Գĳջ˹ջ÷ɪ˹ջ˰һͨ࣬ôߵȼ屳ԼȺΪߵɥʧǣ
ʵΪˣҲĿ֮һ
ס΢Ц˵
仰طһ˻˻С
ңĿꣿǾҲΪջԲŽϳԭ֮ĸģ

Ҳ֪λΰĽ̻ô˵ģҸұ֤Ǽ˵ȥĻһΪնҵۡţĸסδκԭ֮ĸʥΪҲԲܴΰߵġĸס
λ̻֮Իα˶֤ݣ޷ֻΪάԼ߸ϵĵλѣϾһĸסع飬ȡȨͽɢ飬ֻľҲû
ĸЩɣ˳ĸŶԣ
˵꣬ȻԼ˫ᣬж۷䡣
ָ˰̬ۿžҪʵжרԱӴ֮Ҳ޷ʴʡ
ɳɳɳ
Ľ˼֫ڽǽϷĦ治ɫػܣؿӦֻרԱ֪ʲôʱѾֳ΢Ĺ㣬Ǳڴ˵Ľڰ΢۾
֮ǡ
мЦȻ̧Լһǰֱ֫Ӷǰֻ壬һ֫رסԽ̻ʵѪ
ΪЩֱŵܹסԼȥ·
ӦΪԼ޴Ϊеڡ˵ֱס
ǰǿҲֻ˵ǴֽȻͻƷʱϥȴȻһ
һɹжȻϮ״Ĺ
һ£ջȵվ
Ȼ̧ͷǰ治ɫĹʺʯͷ͹ʺֻһȻ״
ǡ
һͨһУŵصͷֻڻĽ䡣
мˡ

ЩѪȻġΪŵάҲ֪ܱ׾ӵαƷƭ
Ϊ˿׳ԼѪҺЩϡ
Թ֮µЩжġ
ȻʱȴΪֻѭһݳŻ˸ΪġϾΰ̻ʵѪҺôܷڿյ
ЩϵĴʵ̫ˣԼ׷˾裬ᵽǵ
ʧ
թն񶾵֮Ȼһضġ
֪ɺ֮һֱǳĸҳϵӵߣҲΪԻ֮󣬾͸ѱ˵ܱǸǲòȡһЩĴʩģѾµǱˣȵȥ֮ϵ״Ҳʧ
ǻڵġ
һһ˵
ȻΪԵʣ𽥻ζݣ۾ȴΪļȿܶɢ˵ľ⡣
̹Ȼףɵøеһ˿΢ļɵ
ΪǸı֮ǰļƻûнƵİ֮Уֱڲ˽ȫսƻǿڹ֮ǰҲԸԼһۿЩŻж̡ʱ佫֮ʱһѵصĽŻǰȥסˡ

š
ϲס
ʬ塣
Ļ󣬳˵ϣǿĲǱģһƬӦھͳֵʬɽѪ
ĳ徯߹Ҳݻ벼ѪĻȡòײھչ´ģʻѾΪ΢ʴѪҺή
ƮһĨŨζǸõĻ֦ѪҺһγɵϢⱾӦʮֶĵζ֪ΪʲôǶ֮ƺһĨ޵ζ
ĳŲ
Լδע⵽̰ſеϢͷ֮ڵָ껹˸ƺѾҪĴڣǵѾжѭϸǰС
ӦƻͨĴմʱȴ谵
ɳɳ
ẕ̇ǵϢؾ棬ںڰжʱ
Ŷʲô
жԱһͺ
һֱʱ򣬻ĳԱǲγһЩ˵Ĺ
⣬Ǳ׼ӦԵģҳɺ֮ȺȺ令ԵȴһȺڰл塣
ż˾ĳۣȴѾ׵ɢȥε̬ǵǰĻĿ񱩸С
Ǿߡ˻
ɱǡ˻ɱˡ˻˻
о߶ɱ˻˻˻˻
Ȼſԡ

ǰȻ̧ԼβĹ˲ɢͨеĻ谵
ϣϵѪѾΪɱɢһصʬ塣
ͬģڹĴ̼£Ѿ̬ҰȺһķ˾ȻŻ˹
ѾһһֵĶޱȺӣѵصĻԱûз̫¾
ЩһôˣǷ˻˻
˻ֻðĸҲ̫˰ɣʲôֶΣȻȺһôģ
ɶЩһ̫ˣ˻˻ȫҳɱУ

ڻ˽ƵԱԲͬѰĿཻţƺûвȺʧȥǵͬʱֳ˲ͬĲб
ǵУҲԾȾ˸ϮǵȺ˻
еڵרԱǿ
̬ķչѾʮֹĵزʶתͷһҪΪɺ֮Ĺ
ȻڿȥҲûȥ֮ǰ쳣񱩷ŭ˿ڲϵļⲻؾţз̶ļС
ȺͣСſңҵϸϵȥһǳˣ
״ε˵
֪ʲô
ס̲סʵ
ش֮ǰĻϷȴеע˹ȥ
ӻĶԱɱеǰĳ֮һ־˵ٶֱڵĲҡէȥƺȻԼȻֲҺʵĽųڻкжԱȴԼͬͣ˽Ų
ű߻ֻõĻԭʼ̬׳棬ȺȴӶǵעȫŵĶϡ
ûŵ
ʵʱϵͳһԱĵ
֧ĶӳһֻѪͳΪ֮ǸסʯסҲ𾴣Ϊֻ֮ѪҺ͸ǵĽ̻ʵһ䡣
ԶᣬɭȻ׺ᡣ
ɴʱȴת䣬ãѹͣȴ̰Ĳ
ͬûз
泹׾ֹˡ
ȥ˿еĻԱͣ⣬·ĳĶϮһ㡣
סʯĻϹĻ棬һĭĴǽֱѹԺ
ͨʵʱͼԱǳصĺҲԿ΢µĻ
ƺڿصȴʲô
һĨǿҵĲϮ˸סʯüͷ壬ֱ˻ͲȻŻһͷĻСӷָ
ڸʲôжǵҫΪ˽̻ʣж
غ
ǣԶָƴӵСӳԱʱȴߵĽһ㣬ȫ
˻˻
ͨﴫ˹УСʹõĲǳʹõκһԣǸԭʼҰ֪޾־ԭʼʱڣŻʹõֽ

㡭Ҫ
˵Ϣ
ֻгΪǿֻ壬ſӵʸԽţ̤ĸĳѨΪkİ£ȻΪԼȺ߼á
ӡڻеıܣʼɳǵ־
޼սѣʱȥȴ˱겻ζ
Ҫ۳ϢĨĿгԱ𽥿ʼȥ̬
ǡ
һȺСҲҪʼɱǰһӣǰĽȴдһխխķ졣
һ룬һֻ԰׵ֲŷűߡ
ݵŴź˳
˫Ŀն۶ˮĴǿ塣˫ַţƺվվȣóͼӷӳ
ĳ֮ƺ΢һЩǺȻȺСӳԱݡ
ҡ
ſ췢һ֧ʡ
Ⱦǡǡˡ
ʪֵ֭壬뵣ĿҲȾĻ㡣
˻˻
һ˲䣬ԭʼ˻˷
Ŀ΢ѪɫؿԼǰͬʼɱ¾ĳ塣

촽ţ૵
ּ֣̽ǱܵҪֹµһĻȻδȫֱ̧ۣϸʳֱӴϸܵظסָ⡣
ֱۡ
ת˲֮䣬ֱ㱻ЩȫȻ󣬱ٿȻϻŨصӰ֮С
¡һ
űǿйرգһΣƽĽԵİݡ
ȻֱӰеġȫû֮󣬲֮⣬вǿȴʼղɢȥ


88 
ˡ
һ
оڡ
е, ڹ۲ߵʾ£һֻոµʵ֮ǰĹ۲С
ĳԭյʵ˲侯ѣ߱°帽յ屳״̬, ϰȴֱϵɫ, ҲʼתΪңž󷢳˼ĳŸ, Ҳôô̶
ڹ۲ǰ޴Աһս, ĿɿڴؿŹ۲ݵĿսδӦ, ۲еֻѾս״̬
Ǿ˸ֻʵ壬ȻǴʱȴһ˸еľս׺Ұ
һִ, ûκľѪ񱩡
ȵȣѦң, ֮ǰ˵嶼ǿ¡ģһﵽڸʲô֪, ֮ͬ䲻ݱ֡״ɣ
֮ǰԱٻܴһ˷ܵۿʵ徭ܳĸϢصյʵ飬ɴʱȴΪ۲вҵѪȳеЩġ
Աûע⵽Լʶˡ
˵ʱ, ۵һ˿ӡ
ѦңĿעڹ۲б˴˺ҧݵֻϣûп
һԵۿųΣæѦңԱ
ʵ, ǿġԭʼĳȺһָٹ̵ıܡΪԭʼ泲, ÿһֻĸڳγ֮ͻֱͷųۡkַʽٻĳȺ, Լĺɶյǰĳ忪ʼпɱȻȥЩ, ǵԭʼ屾ϾһȺǻԭʼ, ʵһִԡ
ֿһѦң, ȻתͷӰЩʶ֪ĹԱ
𻯵ĳĸ蹹Լĳ泲kҪ̵ʱɸѡ㹻ǿ۳壬ֻǿ۳浮µһãڳĸ˵ҪġΪֻ㹻ǿĳпõkӵǿk泲Ļ۳ҲҪķʽ֤ԼǿĸпӵзֳĸϵĻᡣǵо泲ĵһֻȺ䣬ڽĺܳʱﶼӵͳελΪ˵õȽȨ۳֮ĶȻңͬһȺҲһ
ΪʲôΪǱǸƻǳ޴
ѦңڴʱֵĻֱŹԱ۾Ӳ˵
ȡĸϢأҽƳըͶս㣬һѡֱӽǸƻļһǹС
ѦңڣڳоϵĳɾͣǣǵǸƻǺȷпԵġ
ȲҪ˵ͷϵĳĸкʮޣЩϢرĳĸкȡǿ˹ϳɳĸϢأҲսͷųĸϢȡϣǵսʿԵÿһֻ嶼⡭
Ѧң˹۲
ʱڵֻʵ嶼Ѿһֻһֻ˺˰壬֮Ķû˿Ļ͡෴ԽأǵսԽǷ񡣺ʣѪҺ̼˳屾ԡ鲼۲Ѫۺ⼸۲ڲ׺ס
۲ڲʵ壬ȥԶŵʱйĿֲӰɥʬ
Ѧңһ䵭˹ԱޱȲҵɫ˵ȥ
гĸϢȡըҲȷʵóľڲ֯ңǣˣҲ᳹׵ؼЩԭʼԱܡǽһȺȫԤĶ֡Ҫ֪Ѿȷһ£ԭӦڿģǱӦ־磬ûκεʹлǿ־еĵͼڡһԴÿһֻ¡ϵõ֡ʼգǴӷ֮󣬾ûκǻ۱֣ͬʱʢµɻзܵıܡ
ǻΪᷱȨһСԭʼʱҪΪʤߣҪǻȡķʽɱԼľߣԼΧһпʳõﻯԼǵʿ࣬ҲǵԴң㲻ҪһȺʧȥǵĹġ
˵۲еֻʵѾѪҰĶзֳʤ
ʼյֻʵ֮ǰһֱյ屳ȴûеõκλӦȻ˷ǳֵΪʼó֫иԼ壬ҽЩʵѪⶪյͷΧЩ˥
˶ҵ˾ɳȥܿͰԼͬ໯ϸм
ԥشڴԼͬ塣
ɵ֮ʤԭͣƬ̣ţڹԱĿһһչ˳
֮£һѷıģ漴԰׵ıĤ뿪
Ӵ󣬸ӽʵѪסԭĳ壬ԭֻС۳ȵʵ壬ת˲֮һࡣ
ҵõ鱨ûᵽɱٶȲô졭
ԱһҺɰͰ͵˵дһ˿ɡ
˵Ļʲô˵۲ֻıֳŵˡ
Ӷֻй»ĹԱҲϣʿսԵĴڡ
ѦңʱȴûԱĻһ㡣
ֱضֻøǿ׳ʤߡ
ʵϣɱԼĶֻ֣Ҳûб֮ǰֻʵֵúõȥ
ɧضԼĳ򣬴дëķ·̽ţͷ̨˹յ塣
ظ֮ǰֻʵһУԼϢҺͿյȫΪ˸õĨȥǰֻ۳յϵϢأʤ߳˲ŨϢҺ֮⣬һֱÿյı档
Žȫ沿֣ȻֽԼϢҺһһͿڽյϡ
ҲʵЩ⣬ǡĳЩȺ䡭ҿܶףصĳ岢ûб̶ֳֳȵĿ񱩡
Աੲݵͼ˵
ѦңĿŹ۲еһУ֪Ϊеᷳ𽥿ʼ͡͵ԼҪ޷ѹֵĳ̶ȡ
һ¡
֣ʾԼֽԼĹ
ûԱȻת㳯ʵ˳ȥ
ֲؿѦңĲǳǰһ±ƵĹԱº͵ؽ͵
벻Ҫ⣬Ѧ岻̫áһ൱ܵĽڣΪתƻ⣬һεʵЩ״
Ŷˣ˵Щ壬պҪȫ·֡뿴ֻȻ֮ǰθ󣬶ҿȥӿ£ϸ˵ûн֮ǰһģһֻαһЩɱȫһǰָıȡΪͬںϡ
ŹԱã˫ۣһ˸ӵѧ
ͬһȺĳͨԼͬ壬ԷѪתΪԼڣҲ˶øǿ󣬸׺ҲаȥĸܺȨ
ֻʵ嶼ͬһֻĿ¡壬ϸ˵Ҳͬ壬ڿĲɱ䣬һ֮ͬںϡͨķʽ彫пڶʤԻóĸ

ꡣ
о⣬ѦңŴҡβݵĻ磬ȴûиԼ̡
Ȼ֪ڵȻѵЩԭʼ̲ݣһǻᵣĽڵ塣
ڵ˵ĻӦûúãɣԾ͵Ϊңڣ̰ɡ

Ϸ·ĳĵ
Ѧң񽥽͡
Ȼ۵ȴֳ޷Ĩȥı
ˡĺˡ鷳ѧ
ſһĽǽ棬˵
ѦңһЦȻѾָ̲ݶͰ
Ѿһ㣬ӦѾã˰ɡ
ңѾ׵ʧȥǰķ򡭡
˰ѳɱ֮⣬Ҳ޷Ϊʲôˡ
Ѧң
֮ǰȷʵñ֤Լܹȥ
ŵΪǸ걨һ졣
*
һˡ
ڡ
ֲΪʲô
ϵĴʪƴȫҲ޷ѡ
ʳֲҴ֮ڵСӣܶȵҺ塭
·Ѿ׹˰͸֮С

˼ҡ
ּٵغţ޴Ŀ־ƲסĲ
£޷壬Ϊıױ¶ⲿ
ѾԸȥΪʲôԼı˵شʹͺס
һУԼΪ֪Ƭ֮ǰļ䡭ȫ֧飬ģҡ
оһֲʵУܾԼ·جΡ
ǰһжʶ
جһһεظ
ͬѪȣͬĻңͬɱ
ξʵ֮ı߽𽥽һ
ҪҪȥˡ
ڿ˺һʶǴԼĺðġ
˵ļǰĿӵ
Ϊȼ˻㱵Լûпס
ڵõ԰ġʳ֮ڷǳݵ׹硣
Ժ֮УԼɵЩѪ⻯ůȵȳֵڲϵӿţȵĳϫȻǳϫһӿֵҲʼù̶ʪ
ȳӿȻֱ㱻Ĵ˹
ʱֲŷԼķѾս
ֻ̬Ŀ³Գ֪ķʽŶǸͲܹսûκλļɣҲûκУֻдĳªѪ뱩
εĳ壬˺˫˷ӿɶԷ
ڳ׵ʧȥεֻ̬֮嶼عԼ̬֪УǳͷβĹ
ƫƫֻϳǡ
Եظоٴ֮Լķ룬ĸ֪ޱƾϢرϳֻݡ
ǰϣ
ϳôأ
־ѾˣûмϣȻҲûмİ
ΪԼǼһѾǷļޣȴû뵽Ѿǰֳܹ״̬
İڰίķɴĿùֻΨһͬڵİ𻯹ġ
嶯Ѫ⣬޷ݳĳª鹲ͬɵĳڡ⡣
ϣϣҲûкõȥִûԭϣʵģġ
ʺĳչǱӦһԺĳɫѪ
Ȼ˿̵ϣȴڲϸֳε飬ÿһɺ˺壬ϣξͻκ
ԶԶȥϣ밬ûʲô
˵ֻٳªٶģҲʲôֵ顣
е޷ܵǣΪֻ֣嶼ƾűܣƴȫڸոѵĳĸԼӡǡ
֡
ⱲӶôġ


89 
йᡣ
ֻɲռмʧȥ˼, Ȼڤڤ֮ĳܻԾȡ뻳ʱǿſ־壬촽յ˶Էͷ­·, Էĸӳֲ԰׵
, Ūˡ
˵καװеȥúʱܱЩĴ볹׽顣
ĳĸֳƺá
еĶһ˲ŻһЩ
ҲΪ, һ, һֻ̽Լĳ֫ѾĿȫǵϣץס˻ᣬǿнִӰ³׶ˡ
һУϣ
ؼ˲䣬ø첲ϣļ򡪡ȼǲ¡ļʵ׿Ǻ͹ؽڹɵĲλǳļɡ
ֵϣһԱ⻳걻ԼĶ˵ʸ˰ᣬߵĿֿ˼, ٿȻϣ˺һѪ⡣
˻
ϣбŷһѹֵʹ
ֵѾʼս, ־ÿҪ, ȻǿԼϣ΢Цһ¡
ʹ֪ʱҲڿԼ, , ų֮Ķͬڹɽһ, ȻԸֻܵ׾ַĹͶԼϵļִŵĿ, ϣ, ſҺ𡭡ˡŵˡ
ԵỬֵա
ӳȡЩһֵڲ
ȫĸеɱ䶼ȫ˳, и嶼Ԥϵʱطڳĳۡ
ֻ, һֻѾԶŻ֧ܳǵĳ壬ǼƵϴֱҶᣬڴֱĶԴһϢ
˵Щ׾ӵʾܴϣͰϾʱǵѾҪ۵߻ȵҰ𣬿ǡ
ȴشһ¡
Ƿſ֡
Ҳһ˲䣬ԸԳ˳ϢĽ
˳ȥ
ϧֻǡ㡱
ʶֲԼĿ룬ҲãϣҲãӦñ֮ǰӼҡ
Ƚԭϣȴ׾ٵرŤ͵ĳ֫ˡ
εĽŽԭݻĲһ޷ҡ
ֻص˳Ѫɱ¾Ļ֮УһΣλƴֻ嶼ҲûбֳκԻϧ
ջ֧Ųס𽥿ʼԶȥʱֻĶѾ׶Ρ
Ѿ˺İ
Լʳ˼׵ϣ

֪ʲôʱʼַԼѾֲסԼĳ徿ǰϣˡ
ΪߵϢȻһغһ
ֿնؿǰһС
ǻ
񱻷ָ룬һǲظ֮ڣһ侲س˳ĬȻǰһУȻжϡ
ͷʹѣһ㱣ǰȻֳңԶģĻ档
Ǹоڲ˶ǰѱԼʫĳСС˲䡣
˻ĸס˻˻Ӯˡ
Լǣĺӣȴɱ
ĸףôˣ˻˻
ĸߴ屿׾ؿʮԻش·۲šԼԼһƬʪƺᡣ
ǰǰһȺбɸѡģǿĸ塣
ǣǰ˳ɵĳ壬ҲɱĺǸ֡
ʹ˻ĸסԲûӮ
ĸߴ۳棬һֻΪǿĸͷ­
Լʹ޹ĺӣҲܷκ
µķֳڵԼľȻؿһµǸĺӵġ
ĸףӮˡ˵õģҽ͡
̰׺ʤĳ֫СסˡԼԼ۾ûһ˿ֻмϲ
ʱ䲻š
ֳһһεص
µʤߣǿ۳£˸׺ɲƥеǿǡ
ڡԼһһεУ泲ʼϱǿš
Լ򲻵òֺٰԼ棬µĴɱ¾ɴ

Ҫȥˡ
Ѿ޷ˡ

ס֡
ִͷһĵ
΢ˣֱΪһʵǲֳܱʤġ
û뵽ǣϣһ˲ذ
ĸϢǡ
ĳָǿԵ־ѹǵĶܡ
ҪȥˣҲ롭ҲپˡҲٿνɱˡ
૵˵
˵仰ʱԼľľģ·˵ĸͲԼĳռĹꡣ
һϸ̽СĨȥᣬһֱʱֲŷԼȻˡ
þУȥİʹ
ֱһһСǵ
Լú֡
롣
ʵԼΪʲôΪеļе˰ˡ
޷ԼΪ
Ҫ
ı۰ſѾȱȫֻͬʱԼĻС
ǳۡȫǡ
ģ߽ﲻϴӺð
ҲںˣǲҪо߶ɱҵȺ䡭ҵĺǡȥ
ҵ˼ͷʹǿҡ
ȫԼּ䶸Ȼ쳣Լڻþﾭʱ⣬ԭʼĸݾһһ泲ķܺһ
֪ӦȺĵࡣ
ޱȹ¶¾ͷڰյѨܹԼģȴֻȺŤεвϵĹ
ǻ¶ȴΪİ⡣
屻ʴҲ𽥿ʼŤ͸ʵеԼһڻþǾҲ޷ؿʼЩ̰ײҰĳȺΪġӡ
һЩѭų泲ԭʼ򣬳Ϊˡİ¡

ϣͰɱĿɲ棬ԺĿ־;
·һڡ
еġԼҲǽսͬ
ɡ
ִͷ
ķѶټ۸߰ң˶ٷҲʼ޷ĳᣬֱڶ֭нܻ
ʪ֭Һ۳ǵϢҺ½͸ֵ塣
ҡ
õҡ
ҽһͬǾԨҲ޷ͷĻ

̡
ԼһǷ˰ɡ
طſ˵ϣͷ͵ؿŹԼֻ塣
ʪ໥ճţĦ
ϣͰΪ֮ǰҵĶȱȫ壬ֵǰһ໥ںϡ
˺ͬһ塣
ϣʳ룬ЩϸɵĴڰл䶯ݡ
ıϣѱ˺Ƭʳһ䣬ҽ¡𣬴Ѫɫ˫ᡣ

󣬲ڲ֮ϵģϣͰߵͷ­
ߴ˫ͷ帩ͷ­ͬʱյֵľࡣ
˫۾ͬʱޱ飬Ѿ׾ҵĸ
ȻǷ˼һģһļ
ǵݣصһ
*
ǻˡ
һоڡ
ǰӲ߼ԱѦڵֵͬ뿪ʵҡ
۲չʾʵҲ˾ͷ
ʵҵĵͼоԱճʮؿʼһƬǽĹ۲
üɷſյϷֻʵ󣬼оԱ˹۲ǻ˺һ򣬲żѵزյϵı㡣
ǿȵĲ£ֻյ弸Ѿԭʼܵʵڲ
ۣĺöġ
ΪͬںϵʱչȥãпʵʱԿ໥һֻ࣬ѾǿƷɵĳ壬ڱпԺȻʤߵڱŶԡ
ʵڲڷĸۣһоԱ̲סһŻ
ǰȴ治ɫָԼԱյӳ
̫ˣ֪оǱʲôʱٸǲ̨죬ùܣȡܱסյ塣
Ȼ˷ķؽյŪ֮ʵоԱʮ־ɥط֣յջΪʵײͲƶص·
ױˡ
ۣӻǡ
оԱػζţȫ˷յ壬˷һЦ
Ѿ˻ˣЩһŵĸϢȡﻹô治֪ǳνĳĸôܵסġ
*
ڡ
ֵңεĽȻָ˰
ΪĸϢɱСԱǣͣ֡
УǶԭ֮ĸޱˣüֱҪȺѵصĳʿ̱
ǣʲôѾıˡ
֮ǰ·Ҫǵ궼ȼǿҿɱıŰȻʧˡ
ʹȻȻͣ˶
ԭڸǵľĻԱ񰲾վ⡣ǻ˺һǿԼȱָ̬ǵ־ȻЩ㱣ÿһֱֻŽյĽš
Ȼһط塣
ѹ
һʶģ޷ֿıܡ
λϵĳĸԼĳҳϣԼǿҵİ⡣
ģʲô
һߣסʯ͸סľľվڣǲŵؿŹԼɳȥȺӢľٶרԱ˳ͷβľʧС
ǵȻûдϻԱǱֳĶԳĸĳ
ǣǵ鵽ЩϣѹͲνĳĸ
Բܣ
ȺԱȫ𣿣Ϊʲôֵáֳ
ղŵ׷ʲô
סʯ÷·š֭
ִҵ

һΣסʯڵõСӵĻӦ
ֻԱǲûͬڴʼִдֵǡǡ෴ǶԸסʯ˼ᶨľܾ
޷ִ
סʯԼСӳ˵
Ϊԭ֮ĸãǲܶڻعġĸסκβ֮١
ˣܵ
֮󡭡ϵġĸס
סʯĴǸ߸ߵ
ֵʲôˣôģһ㣬ǱƻˣǼһļϸǵ־أǶԽ̻ʵҳأǡ
ۡ
ȻڸסʯĶ߷˱Ц
ЧҵĶԶֻһλǾǵkǵġĸס
㡪
סʯȻתͷöɺ
ͫ׶Ȼ
סʬ壬طſɺ֮Ľűߣ˽ľ£סʯȻȫע⵽ͬȥ
ôܣ
ѾרΪƵҩ
סʯ˼ֹһ̡
һϸĶλĮרԱ֮ǰֱӴǰ
顭
ʯʬȻڵϣȻܿҡΣɫҰ׵ɺ֮໯Ϊһɫĳªʬ

ɺ֮صĺڻ졣
ϸܵģԲ۷ڿĴ衣סʯǰܹ΢۲ϸһ㣬ſԷԼڵڶ廤ѾΪ˴ԭһʬ塣
ȫѾͷųж۷֮С
һⳡɱڵ״ȥ֮ǰĻҪ⡣ҡҡλεվڹǰ棬ȱνյĽţʵزϿԼָǷޱȶ񶾵졣
ĸסô޴ڤ粻Ĵðҵġĸס
һ˵ţһֻ߲ʵĴݡ
ԣУҵȥȡĸסĸסһǳˣϣ
֪ʼʱӦɱһġ
ΪǸͲҳڡĸסļһ
ںпܣѾ׵˺ˡ
һ뵽Լ֮ǰһĻϥһ˷ڵϡ
ǵģرзҩȻڷã֪ԼԲʱ¡
һǰδеȻ壬ɫ
ɱǡ

һҪɱǣ׽ĸסߵΣա

ұεĽϷ⣬ǼиϽʱճĸġ
Աڿգ˵ӻ·Ŀܳ⣬ϸĽ֫ǵı̽еÿһֻȥ屻ֱںһɵĹ֩롣
ڼɵĽ֫װиǿȵǵĵ˸ţںڰ֮˸һƬ㡣пܳȺǰǶһ֮ڣǿŻж
ϼ΢΢šĸĳð֣ûʹԼ˽˻ʹ˽ܡ
ڽǰȻȺԱðɣӦһȺڼΪĸͽĴûлѶ㽫Ⱥ˺۵ĳ廤ӽǰˡ
Եڼ䲻СıĳЩѪ¼һжеú˳
ӽűȡСʱ̬ȵºһ㣬Ҳֻһ
Ͼڵʵûʲôģеע񶼷˽ϡ
¡
ڣǾ߷ĽţβļиҲڳͻƿڡ
ϴ˿̳һĺȦиĽڵϷ˾޴ĺ
ڳֵ˲䣬ֱ˷ڲ
ǿ㣬ĸ㣬۳ϢԼѪζټռڵĿȾø
ĸף
ڽУЩӽֱӵ
Ķ£һֻ쳣ߴеİԳ廳֣תͷ


90 IF߷1 ۿɲ
һڰʯѨ, ʯѨһƺͨڱ䣬ԼмζӺڰд
һͨһȫȻİĻ硣
ر鲼ֲڵɳЩȥİСֲֲʯʯķ϶м档
һƵĳζ, һЩֳɫϪڿƸɺԵĴʣżԿϪڶַɫ
۾, Щع۲ΧĻЩ˱, ȴûʶԡ
ֻǵؾ, ΪȫϢϷĵ¼ִ˵, ȷʵر𡱵ġ
һеĿʼһСС⡣
ΪһǳȫάϵĵһѧĳʱصõһȫϢϷڲᡣ
ĸģ
ΪǼʱȫϢϷ˵ϷǴϻʽ֡ڵǼʱȫϢϷͨҲŸͶֻû翴κιڡĸģֱ׵ϷƸͬʱڵϷԵø롣
ڲʸ뺯, 뷽ǳϿҵسŵ˳ϷҶõĳ͡
Ժֱԥص˲μڲİť
ڻŻߣž, ȥʮֶӵġϵԭ
Ϸ, ԭش˺һҿ, ҲûҵϷﱾӦһʱֵNPC
Х, εöѨڴֲòſڱǻİĶѨ֮С
Ȼ˵ϷĻȾѾ浽ָе𺳵ĳ̶, , ϷδҲ̫һЩ
ĳλֱ̲סֹһ䣬Ȼе㱿׾شԼ壬ͼҵһЩϷ̵ѶϢ
ò˵Χȣǰ忴ȥһ˵ļªС
ֶņ·ŵӷ籩Ƶ壬۾˺һſԼĻѶϢ
֪ʲôʱµͷ֮λεļ֡
ĸ֡
״̬
0
ʼδ衿
۹ͼδ

ĲɵƳЩӵֺ֣һֱ²㣬ſԼڵ
ֻ
ֻڳȰ̵ĸס
ȥֻӴ۹ɣ
Щɱȶˣ׸ıĲпδ

ж
̲סüֹһ䡣
ȻϷ࣬ٶϷЩ˽⣬Ϊҵ¼ϷȻҪһ̶ȵָ̽ȵͬʱҲȻҪӦеĿĸС
Ϸ͹ˣ͸һͷԵΰĿꡣ
ҡĸ
֪ԼϷǳ䵱ĸΧ΢΢ëǻֲع۲һԼ
ãȻԼԭ̬183߶û˿ˮ
еٶڣóҲûг
ƺϷĸֻһֳƺţ
üͷŬϿ˺һûҵϷϢҲֻεع塣
̽Եس˼ͼ̽һΧ͸֮ǰڶѨпһһжߵ˼㣬һ΢ĵɫֱв϶ѻŴɫĻһĶ
ԼԼأ־ԼƺӦÿ뿪ǲŸ߼·ʶԼ״̬еġʲôô·ѣͿʼһǰһڡ
Ŀǰĳʼ״̬Լ¸ûа취뿪Ѩɣ
Ϊûһ˼ţһĬĬػصԼ֮ǰϷʱڵĶѨ
ҪȵǳϷȻҹ԰ɣ
̲ס
ȻٴδʱȴϵͳұҲҲ˳İť
ʲôbugΪҪڲϷ˵ϷϸҲ̫ˡִ򿪿ͷİťԼѯʣȵȴǹԱĻظϵͳʮֻеָʾ
񡣡
Ϊڳĸףΰĵ۹Ťתȫˡ
޿̵ع塣
˺ü²ѹԼĵ׵һ˿
ðɣڵ֮侲ҲϷҪǰþʸǳأ
ѹĵ׵ĲַǳŬ˼һԼЩ
Ϊڳ桭ġĸף

ԼνġĸסĿǰԼҪǡӣ
ʶתͷѨһĶѨ̽һһȷʵش֡
ڶѨһȻʯҵöѡ
Щѿȥǻġ
ԼԼأֻ͸͸ǣڲŵͳ塣
̲ס̧һЩѣһȸдӳڲ͸˳ֲش˸սҲֵôһ;ֵطֳڲʵ׳澹Ȼȫɧǲţ䶯ţڵķѹ
ŵˣûãǰȴֳ˰͸塣
ϲԭ֮ĸҵ֮ǰµĳѡ
Ƿ
ǡ

ԥһ˲Ȼʶصˡǡѡ
һ룬־ĳʪˮ̧ͷʱһۿıȻѵĳѣֻɱľһĲҰ׳ѿĳ
ֱּҪǱ浽ӾŵϥǷ˺üȻ׳֮󣬼еسڵķ˹
ϸĴ룿
ǣԼԼԴЩ԰׳ϸϸ˼
衭
衭

ֻĵؿ֣׽֮Ա
ʱǰֳ˵ѯǡǷΪ
ֲֵĬѡ
Ȼ㷢ֻּ׳ͷ˰͸һţšһֱš
㿪壬ֺ׾ڡáһ¼ȥ֡
׳ǵıעֵĳãǸճܶȴѾһ١
ָ׳ǵϷԿ֮ǰĶtips
ʱţЩ׿Խΰĳлعһе
ǸԼҲϧڻҵԼĸס
һǽһΪλϵĴڹ׳Լҳ밮⡣
üͷ
˿Щɲ־䣬ֿ˿ЩŬͼǰֳɿɰģǵıֻ־ѹ׳棬һ
ûб뷨ҲȥоЩֵtipsֻǰȻϽǳϷ
Ϸĸоĺܡܲ
̫ˡ
һж̫ˣ浽ãԼ񲢲Ϸͷʵر͵ĳңԶĳǣһȺߴߴҽеС̴۵Сۡ
Ȼûеü˼Ϸ̣ǰֳµĵ
һεĵǴоζʾ
ճ⼸ֻ׳棬ˡ
ѡǷ֭ǡ
ǡ

ֳĬһ¡
ۣ֭ʲô֭
ʵֶٻеԥȻ⼸ֻ׳Ȼÿɲֳ׽ȴֿŨֲû̫࣬ʶؾ͵ˡǡѡ
һ룬־еˡ
Ϊڰѡһ˲䣬Ȼоһ˳Լļӿ
־͸оԼıʪ֮⡣
ȣһ£
ַԼһѣȴһ΢Һ塣
˵ϷΪĸȻĿԡԼڳۣ
ָеޱ𾪡
͵ʱ׳ѾСؿȻſı
һϢڿеСǱġ״̬𽥱㡱ֵȴԽԽأǰ΢΢ڡ
⧲ġԡιȫֵ
һεĲǱǰѪ쾯ϵġ
ѷǳѡ
ֲȥ壬ŷԼ״̬Ѿӡˡǳ
æҵֹ˳۵ķڣȥȴΪʱϥһȻ˵϶áԼֵ½Ц
ǵģΪʧҵɡ
̲ס
Ҫ˵ĻȴҲ̫ż
ˣ˵Ļ˵ͿԵǳϷˡ뵽ֱҲûɺڰ

ѹʱֱΪԼܹȫϢϷյĽոǣȻٴӳģȴǰԼڵıѨʯڡ
ôѨ
裡
ء衭ˣ
裬Ժǡԡˣ
Բ衣

Ȼسŵ棬ŷֻּ׳涼Χߣѹֻ׳涼ߴߴʳ
ֻΪһš׳ޱ飬Լǰ֫ĳЩھ̦޺Ķͼֵ
ʶض㿪Щһšʱԭء
Ĵǲͷڶš
нֳԻ
裬ԡ
˼ӣһšű׾ط
裬壬á
Ǹճûõ׳棬ʱȥȻĲĸС
һĭȻԼĿǻһֱһɵĲζ
æ㿪־طϷ־Ѿ˺ü֡
Щ¼ôô˾ùֵֹġ
׾ĸΪ˲kĺӣΪεǴǰȥ˾ֵĿ޺ĸȴʼûκηӦ
Уǲȥˣ
Ҫǣ
ǰֵ裡

ǽĸŬذ˵˸Ӱȫĵص㡣ţǿٵޱȼªʱѵأʼ̽Դ

׳ǽܺãǺܿͷֲѵظֲϵĳû
Щ׺ҰĹڸճ׳˵ȷʵ൱֣ǲΪֲϵĹа
ϾֲЩǽĸΪʳõĶ

һ֮׳ǳɹظȺ
ڣеĳĸӵ˿ʳ
ǲɼ۶֭ĳҽǷĸ׵ĿС
ڣĸڻָ˽

⵽ʲô
ֿЩͼӴ׺˵˵о־૵
־ȻףʵƺҲǴĺ˵˵
ּһ壬Լ״̬Ѿָˡ
˿׳棬ֿ˿壬Լgetһ˼·
Ϸ׸ô˼·
ԥһ£̽ԵضԼֻ׳淢ָ
ȥɼʳ
˶٣˽͡
Ҫʳ
õĸ׵ĻӦ׳ǵĴǻ˻Σַϲıʾ
ѸٵطֳСӣֻػֵ࣬ʣµľֱŶѨ֮ȥ
ЩڶѨȴš
ѰʳḺ́Ҫ࣬һֱɫ£˸OO@@ֻСЩǱػص˶Ѩ
ǵϴŴ˿ڣͬʱҲִ˶ѻɽĳԼһЩȥͺܶĵĹʬ塣
ֿԸо׳ŬֺԼ
׳ǳڵؽʬķƣͬʱЩʬҲֳ˰͸ıע
һܹ
ͨϷΪϷԼǰڵԴֿۣ϶ԥʬ塣
Ϸ־ô˵ԼҲ޷˷ĵĿ־壬ȫûЩʬ壬ɫؿʼЩ
Щʬ塭Щԥؿżֻ׳棬ȻǷ
ǡ
׳ԭһ
˵Ҳ֣Ǹ㷨ȥ˳ªһ̣־ȻǼ׿ʵϿЩܳζ
ԽԽˡ
̲ס̾
ڽһʱһֱظŲ
úǳȥΧЩ׳治ϵʳ
һЩȥȽڵĶֻѡ²ԼȻоǳĿûã־ͽӵϵͳʾ
ĺӼƤڣѡǽ;
ѡA¡
ѡBá

ֵѡе㻳Ϸ߻дıʱӴŻˣ˭Ѽֻ׺ĴӵԼİ£οǴӡԼĳз
ôɳҲʼֻԼĺӰɡ
һ²ۣһߺԥصѡB
ֻ׳ֹͣ˻Ǵӵֵ࣬彥һ͸Ӳ֮С
һѾˣôԼǰҲ˰ɣ
Ȼٴε㿪ʱȴȻûҵ˳ť
ʲôЦ
ֵıӲˡ
ǿ򶨣һεص㿪˿ͷѡʼͶߡ
ȻõǾظܵĻظ
񡭡
ָоԼסˡ
Ϸ۴ǳǳع졣ϷֻҪ׹һɵȴҪȹüڡ
û˺ǵʳֵ״̬һεس״̬䡣
ΨһĺϢСǵϵͳϷĽ
ǵ㿪ʾȴֻֿӵиá
ûж룬ְȡİ
Ȼ͵طһƺߡ

ֶû뵽ʲôȫϢϷѽķֿµĹ̡
ϷȷʵǡĸģûбҪģ⵽̶ֳȰɡޱ𾪵ؿԼ¡ĸƲסطһʡ֮вϴĹܣص˵ϣ롤
ʱá
һ޷ϸдȻᱻĵḶֵ́彥ָ
ϢŵͷظԼĸ
ڣȥһָһӦеӡ
Ȼ޷ֹͣԵᣬͷ󺹵Լ֮ǰԵ򣬷һŻ
壬ڶѨĽ䡣
˺һǿԼ̧ͷʯгֵЩ״

á
ձųʱǾͬĳĽҺ飬ӴĿ֮Һ齥ظɱڲŵĳҲ𽥳Σʶģ


91 
ˡ
˵, δ
żԺҲͷ
ξʼһҵս޴ڵ, ˷ĳ泱ڡԼ׷𣬶Լֻܲһеس񱼡
ǰǴ۸ӵͨȥȫ˹, ǹĳڲȥʪֻ, Һ
еǳʹࡣ
泱ޱȷ, ԼһȺΧ, ȴԼĽΪҵӣþȫӣȻʱķβҪΪҵȼ
Сģ
ԼΪľе֮ʱϴһѡ
һӰӹ, ˡ֡ǰ
ꡪ
֡˳׿Ǳ̴ʱ򷢳졣Ȼ񣬷ֵԼǰ÷ɪ˹
ߴ屳š, ʵı¶һצ
ڸղ, ÷ɪ˹桰֡һֻ͵Ϯ
Ϊ, ʷһͽֱӱֻ͵Ϯ߶Ⲣǽ͵Ϯ߷һ˻ֱӳ÷ɪ˹ſԼĿ룬̧֣֡Լǹ÷ɪ˹ϣֱӿǹ
ۡһֻͷ­»һŷɽѪ⡣
÷ɪ˹΢΢, 桰֡˾ɽ
ǹ
֡÷ɪ˹˵
ųޱصͷ, ؿڵĶֱ֫ӳ˳ȥ֡ҷԼ͸Ǹ޴˿ֱӴ˱󿴵ǰ
˵ú, ÷ɪ˹˶ζһ¡
ʶطˡ֡ļͷס, һͱֱ֡ס˱۰
÷ɪ˹Ĵζһ¡
ùңһлж
ûеȳ˵꣬Ѿ֡ԼСһȦǿб˱ϡ
졣
֡ʮֱִض÷ɪ˹˵
ⵢǺ̵ܶһʱ䣬泱ɳɳȻߡ
ûйĶԻ֡÷ɪ˹ʼ˿񱼡
谵ξУƺ˺ܾã˹ǵ׷

ȷΧȫ֮󣬡֡ͣһʪĽſ÷ɪ˹֮ЩΪز
ûпʼϢ෴ݵĴϢ֮󣬡֡һµ÷ɪ˹ؿϵ˿ڡ
ֻ˿ڡ
֮ǰ֡ǰĳ͵һ÷ɪ˹ֻǴؿšûжĿ

˺Ȼڵ
ûС
֡䵭ػӦ
ƿ÷ɪ˹ؿڵļ׿ǣһΪǿµ˿ڶһ
ǶͲٵĳ˵÷ɪ˹εҲǳء
֡ؿڿʼأԼŭ񾭿ʼȼա
ǿ򶨣ʼ÷ɪ˹˿ڣУԸоǰ˵ĿһֱͣԼϡ
ֱֹȵĿ⣬á֡оķҡ
ԴӽǸ֪Լ֮󣬡֡ʵһֱƽѾ֪һУԳŵƽȻ˿̣ȴޱظоԼŵľȻΪ÷ɪ˹ӶԽ͵
ΪʲôҪң
һϢĳĬ󣬡֡Ȼ˼ֱƵ޴ʻ
ҵαСܶ࣬Եʱֻаٷ֮ʮĸˣЯǣ屻̴ҲΣգ㡪㵱ʱĽǶȺ⣬ҵ¹ڵ˿ڣ֤֡Сؽ˶أųѪҺʣһֻɫǺѿ
Ӧ֪ⲻĸ߼᷸µĴ󡣡
һ˿ŭ֡Ӳ˵
Ҳ֪
ϴ÷ɪ˹ĵ
̧֡ͷö˳˴ã۾
ҲϣˣҾͳȥˡ
÷ɪ˹ȫ֡ϵĻشá֡һԭء
ҿ϶Լʧس̶ȱøˡ
ʲôЦ
֡ĵĳССĳЦ
һֻ壬һԼĳ壬ͲԼ˵ʲô
ȻȻΪԷһ仰ͿʼǻƵ
޴˼㡣
һţ֡һʶؿЦ
죬ͺѾһ
ȥЦһУֻҪ΢һʵ˶֪Цܺͻرܵ˼
ǡ֡ˣ÷ɪ˹ʲôࡣ
仰Ժǰĳ徹Ȼֱԭء
㻷ޱȻ谵֡ǿԿú÷ɪ˹ĴڲԾز
ޱ飬ݿаȵĳˣʱȥȴǸɬı
˵İ𣿡
ֱضš֡ǳ׷
ңô֪
֡ԭԼԵһ㣬˵֮ŷԼȻʼ
еЩ߳ŭŭȴ֪Լ޴Цǰĳǲʱ˵档
÷ɪ˹ͷ˿֡ΪԼõ˿ڡ
Ȼ˼˺һ
˻еģҪ㣬㣬㷱ܺȻ֪֮Ӧôֳ룬ȷʵ˳嶯Ҷ˽⣬ȷʵ㡣
ξУ÷ɪ˹ޱ
*
Ȼ۾
ĸף
϶Ȼһϲֵ
ڶɺʱʶؽԼ䣬ͼǹжԷϾѾһֱܣսϣκһֻĳ嶼ĵˣܼʱӦԣľԼ
Ȼһȴһա
ĲǡԼƾȴɿǹף˿ʷ֯Ʒ
ͫһ
Ȼע⵽Լſʵ˯£ԼΧģҲǳ޴ڣȳŨѪζǸ߼ɢĵ㡣
Լǰģɺ֮ȻԸϣôһʱദԷԼȷʵûʲô⡣
ȻĳЩʱֵþһ̬
ӵԼִξЩҰĹֱ֡
ȻξĲϷչеʱƲסز磬ʵξ
Ǹξеϸڣежô棬·ľЩ顣
ڲ֪У·ѾֻŴйĺ
*
֣û°ɣʲôط
ŵĺУҧסԼ⣬ʹϮԼࡣ
ңû¡ֻǡ
ֺȻס˻ͷ
Ӵʱ˲ĳЩΪļ临ա
Ϊİ
бޱȱŰϣ
ֻ峹׿ʼɱʼɶԷ塣
Ȼ֮ԼǸֻɲͬʱԼ
졪
ֺȻеһͷĿѣЩ¡
ȫ֪ԼʱôˣֱԴ׻һȻ˼Ϊ
ڻһĻһĻֵ϶ȻѪɫʡ
֮󡭡ôˣ
ʵ
ʱһʵ̫ң̫ˡ
ʵѾ̫ǵñֻ干֮飬ֻǵԼ֮ǰĿɲþϣϳһֻӣȻԼһزƽ۳
˶һ¡
ֵʻ΢
ĺŨصɱ⣬ǸΪȵԹñֱ
ͣ˺һɤӣƽػӦֵѯʡ
ֻ˳ϣܵĳ۵Ӱ죬˲Ŀ״̬ϰ޷ðٶУϮѡǵµѾ߼ļͥٹѺͥ󡭡
˵䣬عֵǰ
Ķͷֵָ֮ǰͷʶ
Ҫֵ޳
ԲûбĸסͷҰɣҾȻĵӵĶ顭ģһֲһϣΪһиۡ
һ˿Ѫɺ֮Ѷ¡
һһ˵
һ뵽ܵ裬ϣͰУʹ·ʵʡ
Ļشȴ˳Ĭ
Ҳ
ֳɵؿڡ
˼ǡ
ҽԼ֤ϣаʹķʽȥ
˵
ֵͫ΢
*
š
ԭ֮ĸ⡣
ߴĽſɺ֮첽뿪ԭ֮ĸľ
һ˲䣬ȵĿϡʥĸ߼ڵسˮĺ忿˹
̣ĸסk
ͼֳΪĸס̻Ÿ˵һ룬ɱƵĿ֮Ѹٸ˿ڡ
ʱµkڵ״ɺã
ޱжǵʵ
κһֻ忴ڵģһᱶоȣΪĮбڳ壬ֵĲ֮⣬һֻؽ˹ֻмȵĿ
ʵϣ߼̵״̬Ҳûкõȥ
⼸̶ǽ뿪ԼڵأͨʱǨԾٶȸŵġ

ʼĸűԭ֮ĸֵĻع֮󣬽ȻɳõķɴԼĸ߼˾ӭԭ֮ĸǣ߼̣Ȼνԭ֮ĸŹ̬ȡ
ϾʷҲԭ֮ĸҪӰðعĳĸͼȡĸݺ͵λ
Щһֱڽȴ̻֮ѪĿ϶
ڽ̻Ǳ߸һֱڰﲻϵֵݡ
ڲΪֵĳһΪҵȨнųԱԸоְӿֻ䱸
һдɢһ̣׸ıˡ
ּǳĸӹɵ顣
ԭǳ򵥣ĳĸĸܶ۳ǿҵӰ졣
ֻгĸýŻּĶԱ볹ͷβķ
ֻгĸеĽż˾һ˲ҵڶ
ֻгĸ
ѡһֻߵȼ۳ɱ
νЩ֤ݣڳĸУòֵһᡣ
ΪȺѾԼķӦ֤һУּһλԤԻعԭ֮ĸ

лʻſȥ·û̫ı仯Ȼеĸ߼̶ڵõϢ󣬴Լرͬʱķٶȴʼϵ½ΪֻٶȲſ̶߳ȱַеƽԡ
ԭŷѾ˼õĺװ꣬ں̵ܶʱֱΪ۵װƷͲӦóڳĸҰΧڡ߲ļٶţʼԴ̻լۡķʽװ˷ɴʱΪĹĶһֱڻ֮УͲܿЩװΡ
ڽкϢ
ԭ֮ĸѾˡ
̶ԾԾԣڴԳĸټ
ֻϧǰһֻĺ塣
ӼѾҪԭ֮ĸԼˡڲ֮ǰôص©ɺ֮ȴ֪ܵعܿųĸһС
һĵһ߶ޱȹ̬
λ¿κָʾ
ʵ
ӵӦеأӦеޱοŶԡɴ˿ڵףȴֻǾޱᷳڿɲʲô˵ĺʱ
֮ǰ﷢һС
ֵķӦȫϣϣͰɵİ弴֮û˿ϲ
ֻоȣã֪롭
һҪҾáҲһжҵĴʱΪҵ֭Żô״̬
ңҿȥ𣿡
ҲûôҲΪǿʲôֻǾá찡һж̫ˡ

֪İɡʵûΪĸ
԰׵ĳĸôӣȻΨûжֻʹޡ²ûĻƺϣһȥ
ʱȻڿԼޱȸ߹ݡ
һжһĴ
ȫǵĴ

ĶϷ·𻹻ĵɫҲ˶
ЩͼԼϢĸ߼̣δȫޱȷܵؽЩһ뿪
ڳ˼Ƭ̺ڻ˵Ĵŵĵײ㡣
һ䱸ɭϵεĴޱȸӵϷɺ֮ȺʶмĸŵĻ£ǸǣΧ鲼ŵ˶۵
ͥıʶ
ΪĸŸ߲ӲҪΪĸߵȼ壬ֻҪƳһЩƱԿȻǴڣʵʵƿȴͥ
ͥ߹
Ҳʼͼֳĸع
ֻϷѾҪΪ峹ױƨˣڳеͳȨȴɼ᲻ɴݣʱգͥپȻͥ忴Ǹһ
£øˣ˻֣ͨӵİʩ֮첽Ǽ䱸ɭϵļΡ
һڰȣܿھͷ˱ڼ֮еϣ
׼ȷ˵Ϊϣĳ塣
ʵϣڼ֮ڵģȲǰҲϣǸһֻȫµĳ塣ں˰֮󣬡ϣ޿ɱز˸ı䣬̬Ҳӽס
޴ȥεɽ𣬵ҲκΪʧ⣬ԵӢţǽʵµ޽ӽңԶһȺĹϣ塣
ȻЩ壬ɲڵϣʱʱһЩı仯
ŸܹĻĿɨϣס
ǼһڿȥϣͰںһھʱ򣬿ϿԭϣĺۼǰĹʼǱž̬֮¡
һֱڴֻҪϣ΢㱣òͻ΢ĸı䣬øӽڡģ
ͱ˵ڡ
ĵĻͫжȻһ⣬ȻԼ塣
ʮϸںϽ˳ļֽ֫Լ׷סֻ΢һ֮ڶʱ˶ײ֮֮ͬʱϷһ͸ĺϵڷá
ΪϣͻĴһƵ˲˳塣
ꡪ
ŵ죬ŵǱսʱɢζ
һǳʹһο̵ĸߴ˿ȥȴǺ⡣
۾ɫǽ
֡ôˡ
ʵ
ӦóƵkΪ£¼ӵԽߡ
Į˵ġϣĿڷһǿҵ
ֻҪϣͻ뵽֮ǰܵ˺ΪֵãֱҪƷ
֮ǰ޵úҵʱܿûпƺԼ
ϣһرΪ˰ģͫɫڽɫǳɫб任ĸߴ壬ʼʵز׷ʡ
ûпڡ
ֻվ֮⣬ĮؿǰӴĳſ־ĥ
ûáĵȻֹͣˣȻ̧ͷֱض֮ΪںϣͰŵԵӢ˵ϣֳһɫ
һظƵı顣
㻹ҵ鷳Ѿˣ𣿡
ϣ֮ڲϵػص
̫ˡǡ̫ˡֻҪû¾ͺá
ƲסԼ̬
ûʸ̽ĸסκϢӵƷҲ֪kжô㾹Ȼǵġĸס顪ӦңֲΪ³çٶۻӣȻĻƬ֮Ĺľ뱯̾Ҳ޷ֲ
ܻŭ
Ȼĺǳ⣬ȴáϣԭأȻسӣ˼֮Ⱪŭĺͫ塣
Ǽˣʱҡǲǻþ𣿡
Ȼһ룬˵ݾͿʼŤ
ǿҵһںû˷ŻϲֵԼ
ϣȻ̧֣ҧסԼѪ͸˹塣
죡ôҡôΪе˷ܣ
ǡϣھغǳԼһ֡
̰Ұ֪߳ܵѡ
Ȼϣһںȴûѹϲૡ
ҲһڲҲڿʲôʸָأۻĻҲһˣʱҸְɡңʱϲ㣬ȴҰģƲסԼǸһ

졪졪
ǰ۲ݵĳں壬̲ס


92 
ǰֻϣ밬ں, ͿƲסٴλԼ֮ǰò״ҿĳ
Ϊں϶ޱӴĳ壬ݵطֵıϡ
ںĶԱ£۵ĳĸȥԵϸС۳ĿҪȫſ, Գ׸ס
µһ, ۿɼָѾե, ʱͲٷڳһγ, ֻȻȻִֵ, ̰ش̼Ŵĳĸ, ͼٵõһĸ
Ϊ, ֵᶼŹ
ټϢأŨĴ߸еƤʹ
زĵҲû˿η֮ġ
ϻ, ĳʼв˻˻֮
ںĲȶδȫںϵ֣ϣͰһֱ໥ҲûдõĻᡣ൱ҵĴۺ, 㽫ִֻŤں廳ж˹
֮, һһֱ֮, ǷһʱʱҪԲСһ
˿׶ġ, ֹֻ̬ȣĵѹֵŭܿͻΪһֶ֭ƵԹޡ
ֶĵĴڣͲֵáĸס
ص૵һο˸ǿȵĳͷء
, ؿԼǰĳһΪѹ̶ϲ, Ȼ, ĳתͷ뿪ҡ
и, ҺܱǸҴûҪ˺
ɺ֮˳׷ʡ
Ȼû
뿪֮ܿҵĿǰӵСϣȨͥ١
λͥһֱ͸۲촰µع۲ԡϣʩеĸ˽̣ʱʱػԼĹϼ¼Щʲô뷿ĶͥתͷǿλΪҵԭ֮ĸڽڲλˮǴߵĴ̣תһ£˸΢⡣
̡
ʲôʱִ̣
ʵ£ֻںϷһЩ¶ºѰ֮ǰҪϾִд
һͥ۵ȻһĨ⡣
̾ʶͥҪں
ظһ飬֮䶨µЭֻԽ߱ҪõӦеĳͷ
ɺ֮ɭȻѵ
ˣѾǵѡ£ϣǾߣɲӦõõͥıӻ
һ˫ɺ۾ע£ͥҲЩӲ
С
вһٲɿ˵
̣ķŭһλϾԭ֮ĸݽԼ۹߷䣬жԭ֮ĸĴڶܵʹĴǲû˿ԥֱӾĸĴߣЭ顣ǡ
ʲô
ĿǰһЩ顣
Ŷ
΢΢ƫͷͥٵĽǶѾԿɢŰ۹ĳ
ٵɫӲ
ʼûɿڴӦ̶ԡϣִ̡
һλ⣬̣֮ǰһֱΪֻ˳ڳĸ۵Ĵ̼·Ϯ˰²ҽɡǣӦҲ֮ܿĹϵɣͬںϡ
ζţֻΪϣĳ壬һܣʥȺ䡭
ͫ΢΢
ܣ
նؿڡ
ϣһֻѪѡ̫ˣǼһеѪģȴʥߣǾ̫޴ˣǡƢ̫ˣ
ٰ̣꣬һΪ곤ζǵģһֻѪȴʥ߲ͬںϡǲ̴ҪȥиϸļԵʡ
˵ĻɫøĮ
Ϸϸ
ĴǿʼԾر
ܶ龰ΨûһĻ
ϸһֻ弼Ƭʹù弼ĳ壬ڻϱΪһȺӶԼʵȺ
Ȼָ߳˵Ѿʧ˲Ŷԡ
ȻȷϣȺʲôǿȷǣһĻ򾭹˶ת롣Ǽһ﾿ҪʲôһӹɵģǾϣĸǳг嶼֪弼ȻϽһתΪһȺȫ¸壬ȴսнܹĳ嶼ޱµȺȲ׳档ǣоϣĹݣȼǳߣߵȫϳ
һǷǳ⡣ϾעصģȺġѪ
ͥһһ˵
ЩһΪʲô˵øֱأ
ĵģ޷ǾǾĸùԳΪԼĿܡ
촽һ£ǿ˲ѿڶĳ
ͥٻੲͼ˵
ܹ⣬ð˳ĸԽȷʵǣϣŵִͥڳԶֻںл룬αװʵϣ֮ǰѾҩעˡ
£ͥٱʱ
ʶشһս
ðɣȫûи֪ͿʼֻнȷʵЩðϾϸ˵ڵϣɺ֮ϴ
ͥҲûбѡ
ǿóѹͲáϣţǼһ﾿ʲôܣֻһǾöԷ
ϣҪǵ³çΪϾֻںĴڣǹغͥһҪȺ֮Ĺϵ
һ˵һһơ
ǸڳȺУšѪᡱ
˳Ĭ
ʵϣڳ嶼Ϊ˾ᰲʥߣһͷβĴ
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ƕᰲ۲ûд
Ϊᰲ޴ͲôţԼ飬߷µԭʼ̬ѣΪ˳δΪóӻˡ
гĸ߲ʵܲ³ڽôͥǱĿģִи˼ƻĳ壬ĳһµģʥʶ
νĸ˼ƻտʼʱᰲйǳܵĺȺеĶڡԷġѪᡱ
ܶ嶼ţᰲǰڵļȫѪȺ䡣
ǣΪ׳ڷ֮һϵеĲб֤ǳͷβʧƷʱѪ߳ŭس˴˾о
Ȼг嶼ΪѪΪԼеͶʶˮƯᰲеһȴΪ졣
ǣϣֻѪᣬʵȴԸͬںϵĹ֮ѪᵱᰲǱߵķӦ͸Ѱζ

һУɺ֮޹ϵ
ڴ˿̣Ͳ顣
ںֱҪ衣
ԭܼ򵥣ֲ֪áϣȥ
һϣıͥûбĻҿ϶Ⱥһһ᳢ڵġϣıںϡںϳɹĻͽΪһֻģǿģѡ
ôʸμӿѪʢġ
ԭ֮ĸĻع飬ҲζŵĳЩ¿ʼЧ
ǿĸ彫ӵжԳĸȨֽϲҵԼá

Ժиֲֳ԰׵ա
ϣͰںͬʱ۸꣬ѵҪֻУζ޷̵顣
ɱˡϣ
Ѫֻʥߣں
ɺֻ֮ðֵĴڼϡ
ôðɡ
ĵѾ˾̬ȷ𽥱÷ɡ
ôһֻںɹڵóֻ֮Ҫ
ǻһʱΪֻԽߡ
ͥæŵ
Ǿͺá
Ĵڷ˿֮ζš
תͷԽ۲촰ĮѾ޷Ӵ塣
ĿɭȻ
֡
ͨʱ
һ˿ͷͨͨţһȻԭء
ͨһͷ֣̿ÿһֶڷ
̡ңǷ֡ԭ֮ĸԭ֮ĸˡ
*
Сʱǰ
ɡħһεؼһԼ̬ȷԼڵòָʮֻ۾ûдð֮еŵ̧֣һöܳǰƿһĽǽ档
һǽֳһĻ
һεĲžɵǰ
Ϊһҳֻĸͽʹõķɴġšټ֪ԼǰţȴаرĴڡ٣ڡk֮
ʵϣڲ֮ǰΪӵгߵλĴ̣ںܳһʱﶼŵʹߡֳڵʹȨޱ˽ŵĸء
ԣղŵʹõͨԭ֮ĸ־ӲҲŵܳס
ǰֵİţɼóѡ
һമʹɺֻҪԼƿţͿֱӽ뷿УȻӵһСθԭ֮ĸദʱ⡣
ǵģԳʱ䣬ԭ֮ĸĳ谮עתƵԼ
֪ȫսȨһӹɵΥ棬ţûκһֻԾסջ
Ҳˡ
һɹţȻԼǫĲ˽ȥûкԼΪԼһɺ֣֮Ի߿籩һı
˭أ߽ǼҺһУõξܹһС
˭
֮ڴϢȻ
𾪵ؿźȻԼǰĳ壬۵һ˿䱸
ңңɡħ֪ۡĵңҵ˼ǣ
֮ǰѾ׼ɵļʱȻ״Σ޴롣
һΪڹȥĳѪǿɳ彫ҪչʾԼĹ˳ǰ̬ó֮
һΪԭ֮ĸȫ
ʷУԭ֮ĸϣĴڡ
Ǳ˪ĺġ
بųҹڻļ
ǻƽ֮б˪ߣҲֺõĳߡ
ڣǰȴԵôôϸôᡣ
ӳĸɢģǹ޵ֻͷǣ·ȶ¶һ㣬һƬհףֻʣؿĻ
֪˶ʱ侲Լԭ֮ĸǰΪʾ˺޲ص
Ȼڴ֮ϣ۵ĳĸȴûжչֳ˿пɫ
ԣΪ˽Ľͬڳǰô
Ȼɫɲ԰ףǲӾֿ߳ʱȴʮ͡
ллĹģġܺá
س˵
ɵķ·֮˲ˡ
ķǳ
ǳϧ
۵ظп
ҲΪҲΪĶΪŭ
ݺûжã־ҵһ㣬ͷ۽΢΢졣
ͬĵʱҲһֱΪΪ
Ҽҵĺǡ
ĳĸɳƣ˫з·΢΢ˮ⡣
ǶôĿⰡ
ɵĶҪĿ³ڻˡ
ģĺǡ
˵
ǣȷʵʺϸ׳һǻоռ̫ˣԸڱŰǵϢҲӰ쵽Ľ
ֹ׳濿ʱɵѵõվߡ
Ļ֮󣬳ĸʡ
ΪԭĵĴҵֻǾãֻҪҺЩӸͿԳΪΨһãԶռˡ
ƺǵɿԼģ̧ס
ĸ£
ҲЩӴ̫ãֻȷһжá
г˿
ɡ֪㲻ĳ塣͵ҿ㣬ɲԣҿЩӣֻǿһҲá
ɵͷڿ۽ǵʱ˲һƬհס
ǰɲΪԼ˽ĳĸѹľء
ңһὫǴ벻Ҫѹˣĸ
Խҡ衯ûϵġĨ۽ǵˮ΢΢ƫͷޱǰߴ͵ĳˣ͸ӹɵοȰʱҾ֪һúӡ
һθоԼ
Ϊ̫ڣֱڡ衱ǰչ¶Լĳ
ôĸף
ԼҲôɵĻǲгһգҲǣЩ׳һǣأֱҪɳʧ̬
ûãɱ㲽ޱȼٵ뿪ңȻ֪Щ꣬Ϊ֤ԼȷʵԶԶʤġúӡȲؽֻС־֡
ûԤϵᷢ顣
굱ӵסЩ޴ª׳棬̧΢΢⿪Լڡ
·һֱһֲ̣ʶ໹һֻ۳Ĵڣǳ˼̧ͷϷһĨ΢΢ĳ졣
Ǹ԰㣬ǸԵøⲻ˼һĨ޹ģȻرһЩӶˣ룬ȸǡ
ɣǣ˵廹Ҫ⼸ֻ׳Ҳ͹˲ڡ
һǴʹ૿ڵ
ǲ۾
ҾҵѾûˣĲιұΪιЩ֮ҲСϾĺģһֱãɵĺӦõõ͵ġ
һ̣ɵ·ը̻
޷˼е˼ԭ֮ĸǾ仰ϡ
ɵĺӣǿԵõ͵ġ
Ҳ˲κص˵ͷȫֵҪ˳ңػ֮⡣
Ȼ֪Ӧãڰ﷢һСĺͷͣΪġ͡ɿʲѡ
ĻŭţĻϲĿ״̬һֱ˺ܾãõеꡣ
ǲֻ׳棬ԭ֮ĸʱҲ̫һЩ
΢Ĳɽ˹
ʱһһ߹ڣҲ޷нǣ̽Ե½ҡ
ҺܱǸŵ裬ҡ
彫Ȼֹ
ŵǰտյң˳űһֱӵ塣
֮ǰڴϣ΢Цľ꣬ѲӰ
Ⱥߴߴȥһķ׳׳棬Ҳһͬʧˡ
һ뿪ˡ
*
ŵײΡ
־ط׳ıϣɫƽ
ԼڽӵѶϢæ뿪ĽŲ˽Ȼպʱ
һлع˰
Լļֻ̣ޱѸٵ˳Źܵ˳ȥһЩײϸϸԶϵͳ̱ʱİ
һֱװȫһŲޱȹɵ֣ӹܵ˳
ʱ΢΢һ¡

һƺߡ
һ룬㿴ԼǰڵİӰУ΢⡣
ա֣
巢˸еŵ


93 
һ, ײһš
Ӵһ˲ľҶ谵ɢһ⣬ڸѹĶε֮£ϣ΢, ȴʼղͣԼĶ
ֱ嵽˹Ļ֮ǰ, ǵӰǰȻ¡֮, ذ嶼һ¡
֡֡
͹Ӵ, ȥеĸߴ, ֵĽżǰ
΢΢ͷ, ޱ̰֡
Ϊ, ΪԺҲˡ
ϣݽתΪģճ˵ɫȡ
Ȼųת, ֲһ
ĸ׵Ŀ־壬ѾǰСǶȻ嵽֮ǰֻ巢˻˻Ŀ
ʼջǺŰ֮ǰסǲҽ뷿۸ֵ¡ֵҪȺǳǺܿѾԱĳ巢
ƺǱַһ˲Ļرʹ, һ, Ȼ䱻ѹȥ, ϣû˶Ȩ
Ǹ
˵
Ŀǰһûֱӽ, 㱣֤һ취ġ
˵ĵǸڶ߻ơ
ƴƣֿں壬Ǳ֮ǰࡣ
ǻþ
˵
ԼǰһĻ, ԭĲǻþ
ϣ, Ͱ, Ϊһ塣
ֵҲ˶ø⸴, ôһ˲ò׼ԼζԴǰֻ
ĳĬγԱȵǡϣ
ߴĳƺҲִʱԥ˶ޱѱذǰüԼߴǰѹȸС
ҺܱǸҡҲֲ֪Ҷ㷸µЩ
ԣͷҰɡ
ϣڣǹƽ֮£ĳֿͬҽһڰӿ
Զκ飬ֻҪֲܹ
һ˵ţϣһ̧Լ֣𽥱仯Ϊĳ֫üĹצ׼Լؿڡ
ֺɣֻҪԼڣϣͻԥڳࡣ

ֳ֮غһ
ȷʵ˷ǳֵ顣
ԺһθֳڲĻҡ
Ŀǰ˵ϡ
ڿȥϣлں޺ѱʵɾ˲Ǽºֱκ˶ǰĳͲʲôС
ǵģȷϣȷʵĻڹҲȷʱ䵹һһ飬ǰֻȻͬ顣
ǰģһֻƷжӣ֪ڸĵ۳档

Ϊ
ȻֻɳƵسֻӵ۳濪˿ڡ
һһ˹Ļ֮ǰ˱ĹĻ΢΢ˡϣס
£ѾԿϣеӳŵԼ
ҲΪĸѪѾʴԼ
ϣͫеһĨӰȥȻԵЩİ
뿪
˵
ֻţҪĸţʧ
Ҳ޷ҵҡҲ޷ҵԭ֮ĸ
صȥ

ֱΪԼڿϣʱΪԷǿµıԼ֮ǰһϵееܣǣվˡϣǰʱȴûԼеĿ־岻
Ա֮ǰĶԻսԴ
*
Сʱǰ
ڡ
ΪʲôһҪɱǣ
Ҫɱϣ֮ʶʵΪʲôڳ磬е⵽ƺɱ¾
Ļ䣬ɫ˲ޱ֣ҲԸоǿɱ⡣
ȥϣȥûֿ˵ѾԹԵ˵ȥ
Ӧöκεͬ顣עӦ˷ֱӵµȳϡҪԻˣһиã۳湩ѡҵʦÿһֻȡϣǿ󣬸岻ӦñϣҰۡ
ֵɫ𽥱ýӲһıϻζЩá
ҸͲҪ۳棬СǾѾͷ۵ˡ
ܵؿʼӱܣӱǸĹڡ۳桱Ļ⣬Ȼûʶһ̵Ŀ־塣
Щ׳ǲһġѾˣЩ׳ĳ֮ĹǻڳѾܵȾõĽҲǷֻΪûԱֵ֮Ĺ;档ǶͳκãҲֻܷΪİ¡
ĿޱС
ģĸףȻԱǣǣսӵİ£Ϊá
ִؿĬƬ֮૿ʵҲԸأ
Ը⣿ΪʲôҪԸ⣿Եúãĸסҿ֤ѡκѡ۳ϣּһǾԲһģǽΪѱ񣬾ԲҶκð֮ġȻϲǻԽжѡõģսӭ۳桭
*
ϣ۾ϣĿޱȼᶨ
͵ȷʵޱ޴ɡ
ϣѾںϣ¶Է飬Ȼ޷γϣ֮ĳ塣
ԸϣĹҲԲڳ嵱ʲôԭ֮ĸ
뿴Χߵ۳棬ԸĳЩ۾ʤȻõϵȨֱȵ类һȺɧŻҪġ
Ͼԣôûдӵķա
ΪһֱУֺȷԼܣڳ䵱νԭ֮ĸһ᳹׾
ΨһǣϣԸԸΪ塣
һʱѾʶˣǸĪԼϵԭ֮ĸڳζʲô
κͼĳ壬ᱻΪıߣһжʧܣԼ²ʲôΣЭߡ½Ϊ̵̷
ȻҪ֮ϣͫһϸϸߣͷð˾״Ĵǡ
ľ״̬ʮֲȶ
ϣģֵĿһ£Ŭ˼ʹϣվԼһʱ
ԸĻ
ɳƵȻ
һΪʵֵġ
ϣ˵
ֲɫһ
תͷӵԼСǡ
취ƻĽʩ͸֮ǰƻϵͳһֹһʱ䣬üͷ΢
ǵʱ䲻ࡣ

ýָͷҲ֪һġԭ֮ĸʧҴ˶ᱻѰټƫƫϣҲպϵ̷
̬òʰ֮ǰѲϣŪ
õġ
ֵĻδȫ£Ļ֮ڵϣȻƽؿ˵
һ룬ޱ𾪵ؿֻȻﶸȻ
ϣɫȻƽ
̧֣׾ٵı㳶Щ뼹׵ĺϽȻ˺ԼϵȦ⣬·˺ĲǳרƳǿߵĽһöոտ¯ı
ѪҺ˿ڴðȻδȵѪڵأ֮ǰɼǵ˿ھѾΪǿ޸Ȭ
־ȵؿġϣ
ǿ
ģΪǿĳ塣
ͷԺ֮ȥ
ΪںϣͰֻΪʲôϢǿأ
ԼԼԼξƺʲôˣҲǿҵѹȸС
ֵߣϣȻתͷֵ۾
ϣԼܹܵͷԲϰЩ
ߴޱȵĳСسֽ͵
ҲĵĻҿ԰Щ°㲻õһ㲻ߣҲԶʩгͷֻҪĶȲٷ֮ʮҶûΣաиķʽҴھʹ֮УҲԶʩб̻ˮ̡
һˡϣޱ̸
Щǿ̸֮
Զ޷ĳЩϰΪס
һһصϣϵ䣬ֶ˲˼ľ
׼·ĳĸ˶Щľս
ҿ϶˶ãڲķӱ̸ϵϾҪߴʱѾͻ˼ΡûüϣöԲߡ
Ǹô죿
εʵ
ϣƫƫͷֽݣָһ¡
ĪģȻ̧֣Էͷ
ʲôء
һ㱣ϣȻãԼƺһ˵
⣬㲻õġ
ȵӦʱϣȻԼѾʶֿ˿ڡ
ʾһɲͬѰĲ졣
šϣɫ쳣ӡ
ϣ鲻Խػ˻δǡ־ȣŵ΢áϣͷ΢΢ɬ
ǰĳĸһ˲䣬ԼϿ˭Ӱأ
ʱ䣬ߵȼ͢ԱϵϣΪٶʹõĶȽǼǨԾСͷɴպʺܡ
ϣѹϷ֮⣬ƽض˵
ЩɴͣھܽǿֱЩɴ
ϣ˵


һǳС⡣
ϣȺѾ彡ޱǿ׳׳ǡ
СͷɴռʮޣҿԿ϶޷гԱЩ壬ǿ޷һǴЩҲԵʻһǨԾηɴ
ƽɫȴ𽥱ѿ
ϣòԼĵǡ
Ҫǡ
˺Ȼ̧֣һŵͷһŲֱһҧסֱۡ
ʼաϣƽ
ǿҪƤˡһƤһʱǶʧȥ£ǽǵġ
Ǻǣǵʲô
˫ֻأֱϣʵ
ϣ΢΢һĳ΢ܺȻ俪ʼ͡
ǿнѾߵһ䡰׸˻ȥ
ǽ̫ʺһͬ뿪
ϣ˵
仰һ˲䣬еСͷĴ붼
̲ߣҲԼԼˡϣλ˼
׳Ƕֻðĸ׵ĴڣȻûκεĺøС
Էͼĸ׶Լ֮󣬸Ƿߺ޵ú޲ֱȥ˺ҧԷѪ⡣
Ȼĳ˵ϣ˵Ĳûд
СԼҲԸоƤʱʱܵ
ԼƤʱûа취ĸףô
ϾҸҪġ
Ѿͨ׳ˡѾõĸ̫ƫǱҪһЩ

¾ϣҲ벻ȺĿ̿ǵ׳ǣ̶˲䣬˴Ѿͷ
ʵУֻǾã׳Լ۾ȥȻһĸо
裬¡
ǰ׷
ǻŬƤ
裬ǵʱ򡭡ءʱȥ㡭

ֻûһߩһĨǷϸС˻
Ѿ˶ĺӣȥȴȻҪ
֣
̾һ
ĸ̫ѨȻһ۾ͶһɫŹֵĸߴ壺ʵϣһõ顣
*
ŵĹܿڣһ˸Ƿ.
ⲽյ˴ߣǶȣպÿԿһĴǳĴǳĳͷɴǾһϵе¹֮Ҵ񶥶ֻԭ֮һڱ洿ɫĴǰ֮չ¶ĳǼȥŹֶҳª
ڣҷɴһֱ״̬ûжȫǣװŽ
˵ʲôɴһĻ𣿡
شǳŵĳ̲ס˵
Ͼ﹤ôãûдӴǳõκλѶϢ߳׷˶ŵһͨѶѶϢ
ģΪҺĻɴʲôֵоĵطأڿŴǳǰиһ̫ûʲô
뵽ȤػζԼĴǣ׼صԼĸλõļ⡣
ɾڻͷһ˲䣬Ȼãҷɴƺ˸һ¡
Ȼʲô̽䶯
ò˵˳һʶƫͷϸҷɴҴǳʼձԭţұϵľ޴ʬƯڷɴһһղȻĵƹЩ׳Ĵ·ֻڰ֮²Ļþ

һȻתʱסˡ
һ׳Ƶ꣬һڿ̨ǰ
ʱ΢΢ǰоĻϵĸݡ
㣬˭㲻Ӧ
λ߼̴ɴϵ۳ΪĶˣ
ǳĵһ뷨ںǳ
۳ĺǳ⣬ûʾ˿η֮ɫתͷ͵سųЦһ¡
ǰչ˵úܺãлСǸ
϶ԷЦݣ岻һ㶡
ңһģ̲סʧʡ
ᣬ𣬽ֻǶ˵۾ҲĪеһ˿ͷĿѣ
ĪģԼЩ죬ͳҲʼ
㣬㲻Ҫ㵽ֵطҿҪأ֪ˣ㡪
Ҫܷġ
ںǳԷȴøº͡
ֻϧĻû˵ֻ꣬͸оһĲ
ŶҺϵëܿͻ˹ȥ
顱һϣɿ֣һĮùĹԱˤڵء
ʵաϣԣӦֱšֻͷ­Ȼô˵ô˵Աȷʵŵ˹չ˵úܺá
ֱ۾ŷɴ֮ģҲŵ˹ݶȻ
ɫޱᡣ
ȻΪʬŵ˹ֻΪ򵥺ͼٵʶֲ϶Էޱȴľ
ճҪƹϵͳǽһҳߵķɴɲһ׵顣ǣҷɴԼ֮һȷʵͱüࡣ
Լû뵽˳
ֻվڿңʶһǺӣ˯еĴ֮ģ˲ȸԾȫȻѹ
ֱȥ桱ӳ˯һԾĴ󹷹
ǣֿɲҪ취ŵ˹Ȧ
źʹǳ֮ͨȻΪֲ㿪ݡ
ʵЩ˷ʱ䣬ǳɴѡֱӴҷɴֱܵӴȥȻֶԼҲЩ֪֮ڳͷҲֻһ޷Щܵдģԡ
ϣ
תͷϣ
ߴĳһԵ쳣졣
֣㡭ںң
ֱҪԼõİʾѵҪԼж
ͬŵĻѾ׼ĸ׵һš
Ѿ÷ǳ˶ʵİɫ׳棬𾪵ֻ涼ɫˡ
һŵͷȻˡϣǰ
Ȼأεسܳ˵˵𣿺ǿҪƤˣܲÿƤĺӴҰɣ
һ³ļךÿô죿
Ȼ֪׳ôֻǲԾص


94 
ǳǿ, ŴһԺԵ𶯡
ŵĿڣԭƴѰִڵĺһ, ɫȻòҰס
Ҫ, Ѿʶʲôֱ嵽ŵĹ۲촰ǰ۲Ƕȶ׼˴ǳ

ӳĳֱҪúĳ־ʹȥ
ڲ֮ǰĻɴѾ׵ء˹ľ޴йɵع, ֺϸĹ, Щ߷·ľǷɴϴ
ŵĲ棬ŬϵЩ
, ɴҪԼǣҪõߵĳɣΪһֻšľ޴, ǳһжü򵥴ֱ
״ĵɫⲻҷɴӴ, й۲ĳ彩ӲǼԼ۾, ǳ̽˼֦һ, Щޱȴ׳ĴֱӸ˴Ĺ̶װ, ȻǷڳ˴ĸ߸ʴҺ
ЩҺֱӸʴҷɴĽ
ŽĴֱ룬ԼҲظؾѡ
ûл̫ãǳһĴ㣬ǳֱڵʻȥ
۹̷ϣٳԭ֮ĸƬռ䡪ǣǣ
죬һ룬һ˻
̣
, ϵŻѾ˶̾½ͧ, ǱŭķȺһӿХسĳɴӶȥ
ĽȺս, ɵһڶȼס, ȻǿǳʱȻһ۵ĺ⡣
Щ½ͧͬһʱͣײеġȺȫʧȥ˿ƣƮţǻţеĽŻֻͽ޹ԼļʻϣؿŴǳݲȵԶȥ
ͬһʱ̣еļĻÿհס
ô᣿
ʲô
棬ǵĿϵͳʧ顭
찡ҷɴҷɴղֱͨϢЭ鷴ջǵϵͳ
ôģ
ǹأҷɴȻǻģԼʶǵϵͳˣ

ϴ˷гǵ˻˻УΪĳǾʧؿŹ۲촰ԶȥķɴӰ
˿ɢĿֲѹʹÿһֻ嶼ڲ֮⣬Щģǵ޿԰ε˼µĿ־֮С
ˡ
ڤڤ֮Уг嶼·һ㡣ĳλ˵ΪҪĴڣǣ档
ǰֻҪһ룬ǳ㹻ĿռǨԾǸʱڳ弸ûп¿סҷɴ
Ҫ˵׼̷жǵԭ֮ĸ
ʱһҫ۵Ĺ
Ϸ׼ȷ˼ʧĴǳϡ
žĹȻڽӴǳ˲䣬صּڷ߼һСƬ档
۲촰ڹҫ۵Ĺâ֮ǰѾתΪ͸ĴɫԸ߿ܴ˺
֮ǰӳҫ۹Ѿĳֻѡ
˭ôң
ô׼ԭ֮ĸ
˿־
Ϊ긺ͽŸ߼ԱķɴŴȱսĶɱּҲڡһС
ֱ֮ӴݻһҰս
˾ݴǳ˵ֻһҿмľͷɴѡ
ֿܻιˡ
ܻ
κγ嶼סǳԶκδ˺֡
ɺ֮Ϊļȱгǰת˰̬޴ĸȻתһ룬ӽЩٿԱУҳ˽԰˹һ
ңңҡҺܱǸǡ
ӹ۲촰ƽ̨չһԾ£ٿԱΪȿ־ֱӴλϹڵء
ɫɷף÷·ɸ
ôҡ
˶ͷ­ֱ̽ÿһڵķſźϣľ׽ҪֱӽԴ
ԭ֮ĸԭ֮ĸ롭ǵĵС
УٿԱ˵
ұ롭ѭ־
Ȼδѻ˵꣬Ѿ̧Լĳ֫ǰ֫ȻֻԴǯӼĺһ㻯һࡣ
ɱֻ֮תɱ۾˿ſڵӰ
ǡɳƵ˵Ҫ˺ĸס
յȻͥٶһۣ۵һ˿š
ǲûзָء
ɺ֮侲һ㡣
ЩӲ˵
ֻǲϣԭ֮ĸĸҪĹѺһͬơ
ͨϣ֮ڵķ﷢ָʮΡ
Ȼԭ֮ĸֻ֣ںĴڡ
ǸûбѡֻΣʱ̽ðڽźλõļ
õģѾͣǺȷԭ֮ĸǲΣյġֻҪ´ǳһĿһ¡
ٵȻֹ
ӵرݵĳԱȻ۾˽ߵ
۱ζһ£ǶȣԿԼͷ­Ѿ룬ͬ£ѱһ̴֫üģһűǩӣĳ֫ˡ
㡭¡
ûü˵һ仰
Ҳû⣬Ϊʲôô
Ҫ֪ɱͥ٣͵ֱͬȻԲֻ鷢Ŀݱ¡

׾ٱֱɱٵĺȻǺ£ޱؽΪ۷۶ܻʬߵһߣȻתͷ塣
ĸסİΣһУҲκδ˺k
ʵţ˵ڴ
ҲҳϵãҲǡ
һʱ֮䣬һƬš
һж̫ˣ쵽ûֻлֹɱ¾ȻʱüҲ˭ǰϾг嶼ó˿̵ɺ֮ѾڷıԵ
Һþһ̣۲촰»ָ͸
̴ˣ
гսսؿڣʾ۲촰۵Ĵڡ
ҫ۵ĹʧȻڣǳΧĿռǱͶʯӵĺһ㷺ŲȻô˵й۲ĳ嶼úܵôǿҵĹ֮һɴûͬǰܵشʵϣȫǺδ
ж洿ǳס֮ǰǵ
һֻκˣɫҲ޵Źֵĳ塣
ȻէһۿȥǷɶ꣬忴ȥȴĳë׵Ķ
ʲô
г巢˸еŵѯʡ
Ե˰ɣЩ
ҲгͼһС
ЩȡͳͨëֱӽڣҲ̫ˣ
ڳ£ֻë׵ľ޴̫շɶζһ塣
ôԶľ룬ϵĳȻԿʱʱĲⲨ
ŴǳβһСȥʳ
˺һ£˳ŷɴβԭǴսڵԤͨ»ص˴ǳڲ
ѾķɴԶȥڵڶݵɳ̱֮ޱȽš
סˣҴѾǨԾռ䣡̣ǽô
ŵĲٿܺòײŴӾлתͷѯָʾȴԼ˾Ѳ
̣
뽢
һСĵر
ָָ̨ϵһѶϢ
׷ϴǳ˶٣СʵݼݣǳǨԾ̼׷ϣܱܿ봿ǳǨԾʱŤռ򡣡
ţãȻ׷ʵ
ݼ㣬аٷ֮ʮĿԻᱻŤĿռ˺顭Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ֮ǰģܵĴǱñֱͷ̿±κγ嶼֪һ㡣
ڽǨԾǰɴʱڿռ趨Ԥ꣬ĿǰΨһп׷ϴǳĻᡣ
Ȼ֪Լܱܿ˺飬Ҳᡣ
*
ǳڲ
ĿƲ֮ڡ
Ż
ȻϵһʹĸŻ
֣ͣ£ɴǨԾѾˣԶϿˡ
ϣɫһѱס֡
ΪβԵʣϣֻҪſƾȫסֵıʱĳĸȥ·Ƕ˳˵Ļ
ʵ˵Ĺϵ˵ЩܣѾûоȥһˡ
ðɣϸ˵ûжܣԾϣĻѡ
۳Ϣεĺ̺һϸܵذסֵľͷʹͶĻһЩ
ڸղŴǳʱ˷ɴС͵½ͧľ
£ɴ˳ɵԽǨԾȥҲζֵ·ƻ
־ԣԲٵĽ֡
ΣͷֹʹʹӣԼʶ뵽ŵ˹ڣȻѭҷɴ֮佨ϢЭ飬ֱӴݻϵϵͳ
ֲ֪ԼôģȻڤڤ֮У֪ô
Ѿظ
ξеġԼνԼʶ뵽ڡ
Ȼ󡭡
ݻԭꡣ

һǿҵĴʹϮ
üͷ壬һʹʡ
ȻݻϵͳĹ̺˳ӴֻĸĸȴԶĻҪء
׵ˡ
Ѿ׺ľԼָҪ̧ˡ
һڡһڡ𣿡
ڡϣĻʵ
*
һڡɱû뵽ġ
Ȼ֮ǰͱ֪һڡڴǳڲɱ䣬Ҳ˿һֻȫµ׼ٴν봿ǳʱΪһڡȫµģ𾪵˵
ֵĴڣһڡȫһ·¡¡񱼣Ȼһͷǰġ
Ϊˮʴޱȳª壬ɱΪɫëëĻɵĿɰģ
ɫ̻ɫë뵽ֳĲݮͲܡ
ζûԭ廹ܳ⸱ɰģ
׳ݳĸϲöԼòе
ϣ۲ֵı飬Ŀתһڡʱüҡ
΢ؽһ䡣
ţֵֿ⼸ֻ̡ǼֻҰ׵׳һۡһ硰ϣϣСǿһڡʱĿҲ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
Ǹֶ֪ԡһڡƵϲʱСǲԼͬذԼĴǱֱˡ
ϣüͷ
ɲϣڽʱ﷢߶ô࡭ôë׵Ķӡ
ӡ
ĵиԹĵ
ϣѵõԼһִ˹ʶ
ˮʴк֢ģǱųΣ޷̬վС롰һڡм䣬·ӣܻЩ׸
ò˵ǡϣһοۡ
ΪǳʱֻȥòõĲݮͲܣԼʵж֤á
һڡֱǼĸ
ҺˣΨһǳ̫ڰζղ£ЩûܼʱصɴڲǨԾ

ˡ
ϣСĵع۲ֵ״ش
һڡֵҪöࡣ
ϻҰ׵ӣϣеһ޴롭
ɽţͷԼж
ˡ
ϣһޱֱس˵
ȻܿƵر֣ʵֱӸֱϣĳĸܿƵؿļͷ
ڸʲô
ϣԺ﷢֮ʱѾʮѱصͷԼĲѪɫ촽
һʺ֡ʳơ
Ұɡ
ϣԼһֿֿ


95 
Ȼĳס˺
ȫͬ, һβûΪͻأҲʱ˵ľٶܵš
ǡǡ෴ȷʵͬϣ˵ǰ㡭
ˡ
۳ĲߣּᵽԷ̬֮Ƕ۳ĸѪɢζ
һֻڳĳĸ˵һջ󡣸Ҫ˵, ϣʱǰֵ˳, ȫһߢģֻϣڵӣ¸Ͳܲµ, ʵϸһߵ
, 㵽ʲô
غǳ

ѾоڿĴڰꡣ
˵֮ǰͶ԰Ÿӵ飬ô־͸Ӳ֪ζԴֻ¹Źֱֵˡ
, ͺܿҡ
ͱ˵, ֶѾŬˣȴȻִֵͼԼιĳĸ
΢΢, еؽְԼĲϡ
㣡
ںľ䣬ͷĿѣʶ촽, ΢΢, Ǹɿʲѡ
ĸ̰ʴǡ
ԾУѾ촽ˡƤϡ
ܵС, Ϊ, 岻Ծһ¡
, еøһЩ
Ȼڴʱ, һֻ׳Ȼ˳šԼǰ֫, ͬʱ˼˻˻
ȻѾúֻܴˣںǰ, ׳濴ȥȻǳš, һ, šеСֶ˳
Ϊ壬ǶԸߵȼ۳ѹϢҪܸ࣬ǲϵؿǲҪԿϣһĻһĻ׳漣һͻ˱ܡ
ǲΡΡسšϣ˹٣иǲϱв
ſſ衪
۸裡

׳ǵĽһ̼Ȼһҧ⣬ǿԼѹ
Ҫ
عȻƿѾ𽥰ĳˡ
Զ㡣
ںǳ׵ޱȼѵز
ʲôЦ
ֱּҪΪԼһ̵Ķҡࡣ
֮ǰԳĸݡʳʱĿºĿôԼٴ뵽ֲ֡׵ľȥҪһǣСǣȫڿڣ˫۾ֻСڽŵ߼ڽϻ
裡
衭Ҫʳ𣿡
׳ǻڹĵѯֵ
ؿԼȺС̣ԼоƺʲôͬѰ鷢ˡ

ʵϣԭʼĳ泲֮У۳ؽĸ׳ѪԭǷǳ飬δƤǸûκʸֹһл
ڣֵĵ밮ȫͻԼѪΪǿҵĻܡ
裿㻹𣿡
衭Ҫ裡
ǳһ࣬õġʳ
׳ߴߴС˵ʱʱػҪתؿ򡰰
ֻ۳ζ֣
費Ҫ
ԼҲںϢͨĲͬĵ׳Ŭעʳ

˻
ͷĴڵصЩС֣֮¹õÿһΪ̶ʹѡ⼸ֻȫ飬ȻڡЩƲסԼĵʱһĿϡ
ػסЩ׳档
ֻ
һƵĽͷŭһʶֱڰĳ嶯³çѹ²㡣
ϣµõĿȨ
Ҳûкõȥۿɼϣǰ׳ǵϲΪںֱĳ̶˱
ϣ׳֮Ĺϵֱ⼫ˡ
üͷ˿ָġϣֿ˿׳棬̾Ϣ
˿ҲܸܵԼĽС
Ī뵽Լʱڿȵ￴Ŀֲ棺ӵĵ裬׷ߣԼһȺĸױǿҶռ뱣ͯ
ƣĵ׷ߺͺ֮ԲնȻص޷
ڼǰζ벻ԼһһװֱгһҲᵽܵľ޴ѹ
񰡣
ĵ׷֮ʱﶸȻļ񾯱ֱӽִεĳн˳
Ȼڴǳ־Ҳʲô¡
裬ж
ŵ˹ģľ档
Ȼתͷ˿̨ϷĻһöĹڲ˸
гڳżǨԾռķɴٷ

һǷ𣿡
ּԼ۾
˵ʵڵģɴϣҲãűĸ׵СҲáܹ֮˼һЩ޹ؽҪϣΪһɴѾʼǨԾζĿռѾķ𽥿ʼŤ
£һУٸ߼Ļףǿĸ壬ҲŤĿռ䳹š顣ǵһ㣬ǳʵѾŵ׷˰ȫ
ڣֿĻϵĹ㳹ɵˡ

૵˵
ֱɻĻո£ƹϾֳһͨ󡣺ʣܹʱַͨģҲֻķ塣
ֵıģȻǲʱͨȻŹ㣬ֿϵ󡭡ֵһ໰Ȼ˽ͨť
ꡪĸꡪĸס
𽥽ǨԾռ䣬ͨŵ÷ǳ
ĻϸֳӰʱʱͣͺŤҲؿĻһˣֻеļȿ־;ʧ롣
̧ͨͷĻǱߵ֣صزһ¡
ĸףҪ뿪ңҪ뿪ǡ
ûκηϻҲûһ߼Ӧеš
˿̵ֻнľǺòײŽͨͨţֶԻʱȴԵ״ΣѾ
ͣ£ҪռŤΧˡᱻѹģ
һسֻԴѵĳ
һ˵һ߲Ļһͷļ㻭档
ĺɫ㣬ռŤҪصһֵҲ˶Եø
ߣˣĸףҺòײŵȵ찡ôˣһֱڵ
ֻϧֵľȫû䵽Ķڿȥ񼴽ĸͯһ㣬ȫˮӯۿ
ĺȦֻɺ֮ȥʱΪȱ˶ȥ
ؿ΢üͷ
侲һ㡣
͵ΪңΪ
ұҪ뿪
ڣ޿̴˺Ļ
ᣬĳĸ˿ֱֱ˵ڵÿһʶô䡣
Ϊ˭Ҷڳ塭Ҫ˵ʲôˡǲġ
ޱնƺʶ̬޿ء
Ұ׵ջ¡
Ȼ̧֣ø첲ĨȥԼᣬ˳ѾͨıӣΡΡس˵
Ҵˡ
ѾƴƣĻлڿǻ
ĸףҪߣҰɡһΣһҲʧˣҲκ˵ˣһߺֻҪߣʲôҶԸ⡣

֪ˣԺҲΥ־ҾԣԲô

֡ҺòáҪҪҡҪҡ
ٶ޷ӹһǾǿĸ壬ȴúһ顣
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǲظţֲִҪ
ҪŤռˣĻ
Ҳ¡۵һƬɫȴޱȾңòã
ֵɫЩ԰ס
վġϣɫüͷڷ˿бϸֱߡ
ִʱĳĬĻһͷ۾һ˲ͬʱҲáϣصسȥ
ΪܹϷɴĳ֮һ˲ɫؿĻϵļݡ
ֻһͿԽŤռ䡣
Ŀǰֻѡͣ·ɴǨԾȻǴ
ֻߣʲôȻɷɴǨԾᱻŤʱͿռֱӼѹһųͷβĳ
һжֻôѡ
ϣԿַǳΡ
áϣеǵ۾ûеһʱӦ
ϣŵò㲻ܺ
ֲĴڣǼ̵ֻΪֹװּûޡ
ǣóֻĶȷʵǳóװȻһԼƭȡֵͬ飬Ŷģڿ޵üֱ͸һֻҪҿʱȥ
֡
ϣ̲סҪ֣ΪĸԸλĳ塣֤ʼղܸıԼıԡ
ɺ֮ԲԼŵùӴҲΥֵ־
ǴֱֻУǸõѡ
һߵҲûдִ˿̵ĳﲻһϲǰ͸ϣһҲֺ֪ᡣ
ᵽĳĸǲԼġ
Լġ
롣
Ȼ۾
Ǹ
Ļһߴε
ȥҵԭ֮ĸɣҪ˷κεʱˡ
Ļ
ְֵֵı飬ֵûʲô
ǣΪʲô˵Ļôأ
裬𶪡
û˵껰ͨžֱжˡ
һ޴Ϯ
ǳųһ΢ڷɴǰֱӴһڵĶڡ
һ⣬һ룬ǳ˴Ĵ壬ֱǰʧˡ
֡衭
ŵؿȻÿһ棬һʹİ
ļУǳ뻹ӲſܳɹǨԾڣȻѡǰǨԾ
ҷɴ޴ĴֻۣǺԥأ
֣ģĸסײҪˡ
*
һߣǳڲ
ڡ
궸ȻһҪڵء
һ״ֱ̬֮ǰĻҪʮɫѾȫ˲ĻҰɫڲԾز
£СǶûֹϣǰסԼĸס
ȻϣɫʱȥҲûбֵĺõȥ
Ͼڿڲһֱоϵͳ־ʲô
ڱ۾òڳ˼ǷӦôʱѾΣգٴʹӡ
ŵ˹ֱ֮Լֻ⺢ҪҪǰǨԾֻҪǰӣͿ԰ȫŤΧ֮⡣
ȻǰҲûдۣǵǨԾĿĵغпܲصƫ롣Ҳп޷ǰǨԾɵ帺ɡ
̫ˣ֣ġǡ
ϣЩɱ˰죬ʼδѡʵľָ֡
ֻޱյתͷݺݵؿ˿̨ϵѶװá
Ӧñ˺Լ
ϣ֪ŵ˹û㹻Լָ𣬵ˡ֪ԼǨŭΪǳ޴޷Լ
㡭Ҫġ
ϣտָһ䣬мѾҪԹȥ־ͷķ
ȻֿԼͲΪӿѡ
յҪ֮ŵ˹ʵ̾ʹ˲ԸĿ֮⡣ʵѾǷǳģÿܳĸ־Ϊˡȷʵĳַʽеؾ֣ŵ˹ֵܶҪκ顣
ʱȴû١
ĸţǣҲȷʵĪȥ
ѣֻöԼĹԺʹ˹õļ
ˣ뿪ɣҲˣֻҪ롣ǰ뿪ŵ˹һ԰ģ԰ɣ
һΣŵ˹ҲûΥ뷨

Ϊ޷ʹ֮ǰѾõĺһεǨԾԵ쳣ص
ڡϣĻﶯãϢ١
һҲ޷رԼҪ̽ʳʵҲ֪ڿɲǽʱԼѡҲѡðǰǨԾ
֪ᷢʲôһ㣬ԼԲԼôȥ׸
жÿǨԾռ䣿
ǿһ˿૵ʵ
ϣƳһĻ
ԼһСʱңĿĵƫȰٷ֮ʮ
һȻס궯ıܡ
һж֮СӦûʲô̫⡣Ϣ
ôʱ仹ü
ֵĻϣЩȻصͷǰĳĸ
ޱ飬һǿԼ̹Ȼػϣ
㣬˵
ڵЩ⣬ûа취뿪̫á
΢΢ƫͷʾ⡰ϣԼҡ
˴һ£Ϊ𾪣һ̵ȥЩɵġ
ãԼӦǣûɣ
ֵ˼ӦþģϣеԼʼټӿ죬Ҳʼ
ΪĸѡжµĽţáϣشһ˲Ŀ⡣
ּǵãƺܾǰԼһסѧ
ǸһֱᵭĮгҲڵġϣһڲͳĬ߾飬¶֮һĶı׾
裿
ǣ裡
ۿֱϣϧرڻҪСٴδ
һΣ׳ʮƵصõĸ׸֮ǰȻ෴

ԣʲô
ʶԼȺޱȵǵ˿ڡ
Ȼ롰ϣһͬ뿪˿ҡ
ŽŵĹرգ˲û谵˵ʵڵģΪŵ˹ʶָԭĻʬ𽥻ָԣ͵·ɴڲڿȥΪѪȡϾԭĽǼڶ˱Ѫ⣬Ҳ쳣İ΢΢ĺ졣ò˵ǿֲƬĻȻûԣȥ̫ࡣ
ûеϣ߼㲻ͷֱָŽǽһԭ豸İۣʾ⡰ϣԼȥ
ҾǻӦǰңŵ˹ܽвҶȫϡֻҪһʱ䣬ҿʵĵطС
ϣ˵
ʵǲϣ˲ʵĵطԼ
ֵ֣øõĻ
ٷϻ˵ˣǵʱ䲻ֻ࣬кǣ㻹뵢ã
޿̵̧֣ڡϣؿһơ
Ѿ·ǿˣһƣȴǰˣĵһ
ϣʵıصײ˰۵ĽϣһƵ졣
ΪεԵʣ󣬡ϣֻӣһ൱Ťķʽǰ֡
㲻
ִƽ˵
ȻʵԼѾŵָ֪ˣϸģһûСڡϣڵƺܷЩٶ
һ̧˸첲Щѵˡϣϡ
Ȼ׼ǰ۳棬һҧȥ

ꡪ
谵ķɴһֻޱȽʵޱǿ׳ı۰Ȼһ̽ץסһߵĽڡ
ǿ۳ָ׾ٵ˽֮ڣٳһһİۡ
СϵļⲻϱʵѪƤ·ȸԾĶȻżô˲䣬ֱֻ̬ۻΪ˵ȿܣûԭΡ
Ŵż̵ļʵ׿ޱĴ̱ߡ
һЩİڼ׿·һ

ż۵Ӱ֮лᴫξ޴۳ĵ
ңҰطпǲҧ
졣
Ӧĳ߳ŭĵ
أϸ΢˱֮УԼİ㲻ӿ
ֽ˫
ǿԼҪȥԼڱһֻߴ۳иͣʵ
Ӧüװ
װЩʲôأ벻Ļ档
޴ΣϤϢΪϣ۳ԼĴڸйǿңǿҵָװԷԼ¡
ǣŽʳĽУֱٿʼӿֳȳ
ǳĸıٴֵ︴ա
Ͼڳ۳ĸԼʱ򡭡
ʴȶĳĸӦøԼʵİһͷŶԡ


96 IF߷2 ۿɲ
ϲ, ԭ֮ĸĳѳˣǷ
ǡ

ͣԡôһѵľ֮, Ұٴγϵͳʾ
ûж룬ʶѡˡǡ
ꡪ
ꡪ

ʪƿ, һĿ˶ĳǴӳľ
лл, ҲΪ֮ǰĶ, һεĳѷִĳоȻûôǿҡ
ΪһʵϵͳŵĽ, ЩֲΪһŵСԡĸĳѡ
Ⱥ³׳濴ȥԼǰԵҪ顱ࡣǿȥԲĹĵ, ͨ嶼е͸İɫԲֻ㶯൱, εĻ, ֻʲôɫ롣
Ȼ, ЩޱɿشյǰġС֩롱ÿһֻȮС, ɱ֪еҪӴˡ
衪
衪

ֺܳߴߴ
ǵʶֵԺ, һһеĺӹɵȡ
Ȼһӣ־͸ܵ˳ǴļС
ϵЩһ, ǳ֮ҵĸסõõι
, ⡣
ֵĶ˲ͽסˡ
ˡҪιġ
뵽Լ֮ǰι, ȴΪֱʧȥһ, ֿϵͳѯ, ԥѡˡ񡱡
Ȼ, °ťʱֶЩɥ
ǰһϷ趨, ܾι֮, ̶ԼܶӦûһأٿǵϵͳŵĽҵõĹ̻ôѡʾͻᵼʧһͶ
ָеһ˿ʹ
Ǻܿ죬ͷ֣ܾι֮ЩСȴûжֳκοܣʮ־شǰͼõֵĹעϵͳϵֵҲλε
ȻִϵͳԸȺСӶĮһ㡣ҫ۵ֵ·Сǵֵ
ڱΪδ׳ֺ棬״̬ϵġʾܿͼˡ
֣
˿塣
ֿ˿ӡ
⹷Ϸڱĵطϡãֵطô浽ʲô
־ԼϷĲ߻ˡ
ǡصǰȺ۾С̣һҪҪԵģ
ָ֮ǰСǴĹʬ塣
ַǳЩʬ壬ֻСǴĳԣЩ̬Ĺʬʣ࣬ڽһЩѾСǳˣˣʣࡣ
Ƿãδ6ιʳѪħϣӶβ䡭
ϳһۻҵ֡
üͷһɨϵصˡǡ
δյѶϢһ㣬سһСѹʬӿ˹ȥ
Щ׳ͷԵģָϽ鿴һǵ״̬ıʾֺʧ֮һ
δҲʵЩʡ
룬ûϵͳԶȡԼ˼ȥ
ͷڴĳֻĴֻţͽСһڡˡ
һֻͷ͹࣬ǾͽڡͽСһצӡ

Դƣֵֶܿ˼֡
ȵȺµĳ̳Աֱ֮ǽСǵĹ
˳ȥѰʳ
ԼǼڶѨŬоϷ˳ơ
*
Щû뵽ǣ³̻ٶȺ
ҪСܶࡣ
оҲûоȻ̧ͷʱŷʱѾȥãǶڴʼûǵټ
ȵȣδҲ̫˰ɣ
üͷվ߳˶ڣ
Ȼֹ˺һ׳еļ˻˻
һڡ롰һצӡֻ׳沽ģʮּѵһ߹ʬ壬ƣߵػص˶ѨС
뿪ʱǸװ֣ģȫͬڵġС֩롱ÿһֻȥǱˡδȫʵʵļ׿˺ۣһЩѾ͸ѷ쿴ࡣѪҺɳǿȥ˵ġмֻС֩롱ȶˣжԶ֮ǰһֻƺǱʲôҺԭֻ۾ֻʣһֻ
ġһڡȥҲһȳһյġ
㣬ǡ
һ
һڡսսشӶ˳ֻһųԴȴشһϿ˼ȵľɥѹ
裬衭Բ𡭡ֻҵһ㡭
һڡ̧Լǰ֫СذѲڸ֮µһСѳݵǰ
Сǵıڶǵջֱֻٵÿݡ
һڡȻҲ֪һ㡣
ֻû˵ʲôѾԼİֻţССһš
ضԲ衪
ǣǺûã
ǣǴ򲻹Щػ̫ûء

֣
ָϷĲ߻ˣ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪϷиѰĹˣԣ߳Ƴ⸱ģΪʲôѾǳȺ̻ۿޣ
ʮȷϷܹһ㣬˵봽ͿԵõһȺ̵ıĻѾڻǮˡ
ֻϧ⹷ƨϷ봽ѡû֡
ùϷԱͷʹѡ
ʵҲܲ³ΪʲôͬѰʳСֺ͡С֩롱֮ô
ֲͷƳһеСǣ̾һ
СǵʱԼινԡĸ֭ͬѡǰȴáС֩롱ǳԹ⡣Ȼ˵ʳﶼС˼УǵȼȻͷֳ˲
ۣǺùĲ߻
һŲ߻һεذǼֻС֩롱ͷǲҪġ
ȻֻϷѣûжʲôϷɫһֹ߽ɫʲôءֶԼ˵
ǾʶǼֻС޵ʵ̫ˡ
ȻʲôĸģҪóӰɡùιвͨ
죬ͷ綷ص㿪壬ͼһǼֻС֩롱ĵȼ
ϾôСĳ̣ɳȥҲûʲôãã̶ֻȱ첲ȵػˣҪÿĻ档
ֵȻϣԼôõϵͳô˷ѵˡ
ԭ֮ĸǷҪó۲ã
һ֮ǰ³򵯴

ֳһҪѡ񣬺Ȼֶס
鿴һԼֵȻ󷢳һ̾
߻
ǵģΪСߣС֩롱ûĳٵÿڵֵѾһΣֵֶ󵽣·ڳι׳棬ԼֵûԹȥ
ɫԿϷãѾԹһˣһöûС
ԣѨֻʣ½еĳ̺һȺС֩롱
ȵȣ侲֮Ȱ⵱Ϸ档
Ҫ⹷ƨϷƷ裬Ѿʼ
Ҫó׳ͱҪ֤Լֵں֮ϡ
Ҫ
תͷˡһڡƴŬһСѳ
ʵϸȥеڵϵľıעҲдˣһֱֲڵµ
üͷ޿ؽ˼ڡ
ڳԺֻ࣬һ㵭ζһϸ΢Ľζ
Ȼ˵̫ѳԣȻ֮ǰҲֻԣҲʵڲóԣŲʣʵҲҪ衣
һųȥֽۡ
ٿһǼһֵɫҵ
ȥҲֵ֪ܶڳۡ
ֶ壬ŬЩֳֵԾԭܲϵֻܶǿԼɽռʼƻ
ڿʱһСģĳ
ϵͳ̳ҳ涸Ȼǰ
Ҫô˵Ϸúأǿҳ棬ֲΪǸССƾΧװء
ʱҲ˲ϱԹЩۿԼڸϵͳ̳ǣ־ϲؿʼ
Ȼͷ֣ԼĻٵÿ
ʮ֣ûи
ֿ˿Լʮֿ֣˿̳ﶯǧֵƷϵЦ˲̡
߼ּ̨300000
ãԲõĶ
ʳʳȻҲҪٻ֣Ƿ˰ɣ

ǵĥԼĻ־ȻǸͬʱ޹ùҸ޷˳Ϸڲ̬ױˡ
ֱӹصϵͳ̳ǡ
ԼɴͰúˡ
ôѵϷôȥЩƳɿͰֶĳ̡ҲϷеһݶѣȥ
ȻڴʱȻож
裬ԣԵǰɡ
תͷʱֻС֩롱ǵĳ
һڡģǳεʶж˵
ͬһʱ̣ϵͳµĵ
Ը׳ԼѪ⣬Ƿܣ
֣ȵȣ
Ҫô˵Ϸһ߻ءоһϷȻһɥĲ趨ĸԷڳߵȼãͬģĸҲԼõѪԻֵĴ
ȺС֩롱ΪʱֻܳԹûгۣȼȷʵͬǰǳ͡ԣ׳ԼѪʱֵ᳹Ĩ
ǻᱻֳ׳Ե

ʲôޣҲûж̶ֳȰɡ
ְؽһڡԼǰƿˡ
Ȼҧгݵµ㿪ϵͳ̳ǡ
һޱȼѵѰ֮һر۵ĽҵԼΨһĶ
ÿ10
ԣϵͳ趨еĳôֵǮ
̲סһսսС档
ȺԼòĳֵֻ̡֮
߻
ջأһ
ѨĻƽԭк̦ܶ޺ţ⿴ȥȷʵ̦޺
ռ̦޺ȺõġС֩롱˵̫ѣҵֵָ֮󣬺Եأֻ涼Եþࡣ
ûãǰͶһ̦޺
ڡС֩롱ռЩڸ̦޺ֲʱڶѨѡ˺ü״ʯ顣
Բʯһγʯ̬ţһΪƽ̹ʯ档
̦޺ռúһĭȻŵȼǸޱȰĻ񡣻Ĺһֹİɫ
ľսؽյЩ̦޺ϣƴ̳ǳ۵ĻܹȼЩֲ

ллأôȷʵõġ
Щ̦޺ܿȼɢһƬͭɫ
ǿԼԵɫ̽ԵؽԼͷʣµĳеһöʯϡ
ꡪꡪ
Ⱥͬĳֻһ㿪ʼʯŤ־ԼҪʧʱȻһƼĵɫź濾ļʯӴλñ΢΢Ľɫ·ð˳֭Һ
һԶԤȻ
ĥŻӦҲˣȻһԭȻǹζˣСָסöһߴһ߽˿С
֮ǰɺƵĿڸȫͬڵĳԭĵζζתΪ˷θ㣬Լл͸һƵĴ𡣸Щƽƽĸ̦޺ȼպһ޵̿
һҪĻڵĳֱƬ˱ƬȻ̿𿾵֥ʿϺ⡣
ֳһڣеţȻֳһڡ
ȷӦֲŷ֣֮ǰʵĳѾȫ̽˶ӡ
һǣּʱֳ⿺ĳֵԱҪࡣ
ֶʱһϲ
Ȼ֮ǰ˼·ûдģ⿺ʳȷʵֵܹ
Ļ
һͷȻ֮ǰЩϷ˵һʳ⿺ʳõõֵֵϵʳﹲͬ⿺󣬸ǿԵõ벻ļӳɡ
뵽ֲؿ˶Ѩһǡ
֮ǰС֩롱ǻʱ򻹴һ߹ʬ塣֮ǰûе⿼ܵǾԲҪǾһͺܶĵĹʬġ
ǡ
ֵӳɣ
⿺ζͻʵĳ
ˣҪһ¶
ֶԼ˵
ȻսսأǾ߹ʬȥ


97 
ǳҡ
ֵҪ, ֻ׳طſڿ
ƴס˸ֵĳ嶯¸桰ĸסĸסǵĻܡȻҿƺܿشս
ǡ
һĨ, ˵ϸ΢ڴǳڲſѭϵͳӿеСֶȻ̧塣
ÿһ֪ëˣǵǲسŽűƶ˹ȥ
ġ
΢, ׳ǻ˲ͱϳ, ޱϤޱȾ, ֵ㡣
, Ϊʲôڲ֮⣬ɢ
ιĺ
Сǲû, ڴǳط, һֻ֮ǰͺѾøľ޴, ֻһڡӵһγʱһֱ뷽跨ڸ衣
ѾҪĸ, СǻǻΪ۵е궯, رǾֵĴڸǼ˳Ѫиٹ̵Ķռ, Сȫ޷ԼϢ׷Ѱӵǿ֪׳ǲûл̫๤򣬺ܿ͸Žֵ̽ĵ
ַЩİ
гѹ֣ģģ, ƺǸΪϣĴӡ
뵰һʿɶֹһ㡭
ء
׳ǽǲ
е׳涼Ծ̧岢ҽǰ֫ǰ, һԤơ
֮ǰȺ׳뿪, Ⱥ׳ѾȥԼˡ
ԸȽϳ嶯ļֻ˵ĺźţѾʼ˿ҵĽ, 𽥷ȫļ֫ܿڽ˺üĹ֡
ͣ£
ۿֻ׳ҲԾԾҪ, ԾϴһȻ, ĺǳ⡣
˵ˣ뿪
ҪԣҪ
Ѿˣǲ
һ൱ȻںǳֻʱԼҲԵúܽ꣬ͷĴֱֱţ·ССߡ
ǣڿޣ
ǣӦñ裡

⼸ֻСֲʾط˷
һȴʼȵѹǣΥֵ
Ȼ
ȻҲõ谡
һŵļֲûдΪûãҵĽűˡ
֮ǰһֱǵĵޱ˽ȥûܵκ˺
ȻСܹһĸ׵ϸ΢Ÿ˽Ļǻִ֣ᷢʱĶʵЩƮ۾Χųʪ΢죬˿Ǳˮ΢΢ʪ
֮ǰѪɫ촽ϣһǳǳģԼҧĳݺۡ
СǱϾ࣬Դ˿̵ڷƽ̴֮һȻ㻶شӵ˹
裡
ˣ
裬Ϻ㰡
裬һڡѾǴˣӦóˣ

֪ǰĳ̵Ȼܴϵĳ½֮ǰѾǳŬشҲһаĳȥ϶Ȼһ󳱺졣
࣬սԼڣһŬų˼ʵ׳ǣһ߿ƲסǳŭصԼĸߴ塣
òξ޴ĳ崹ƽؽֵ۵Ǳִŷŭݺݵӣɴ˿̵ġϣûбֳ˿۽üҲԾȾһ͵Ц⡣
ȫһʳޱĿɶģ
ְĥĥһ뵽һ﷽ŷģˡ
ˣߴߴˡû£ҸղûޡһڡããҲιһڡġ
æҰóǣֺòײŵõһ㴭ϢĻᡣ
δüȫɣŵ˹ʵشѶϢ
ɴǨԾռִĿꡣ
֣ȥλáϣĿ⣬Сĵش˹ȻƫòأǱϾҲƫ꣬һǨԾռ䣬뿪ͨʱǸͲ֪ʲôĻ
õĳƴץŻ˵ŷϻ
ûסƳһۡϣġ˸񡱲ûг֣ĪأȴԼԵе㰬ʽɵ
ƫƫϣ˵һжǶԵģǨԾռʱɴȷʵڵҲȷʵЩ
ողűĳֻ۳̰ȡĳĸ˿Ҳֻľɡϣλϲҹ̶ýװá
ΪԵʣù̶ʱϣֻܹڵϡ
һȫƣȴ쳣Ȼ۽޵ʹɫ֣أֻй̶װãϣȴֵ÷·۰֮Ϊص䱦
ģĳ⣬Ҳᱣ㡣
ϣ·ڵΪǰеǨԾ룬˵
һ־Բ˲ɵĳ·ֻҪ˵ˣһ

ֱֻôߵĸ۳棬ȻʱǲغһͣĿˡϣĲ֮ϡ
֣ԭѾЩظĺ٣ʱȻе΢΢ȡ
ĳĸ
ֽס촽ΪԼ˿һССģ
ƫƫϣ·Ҳʲôһ㣬һװ֮˲ûеһʱ뿪ֻصԼλϣǱŹǰƣͷ
Բ𡣡
Ȼ˵
ղҹˡ
ϣǳָָ࣬Լؿڡ
һԼֲƣ鷢һܺԼ
㡪
𾪵ؿϣ
ûеȵôǣڲ˸⡣
ĻԶӿ̨ϵʾǨԾռĵʱ
ʱȻǼ̸ĺʱϣһֵıװãȻֿһС֣ȷ׳Ҳȫ̶λ󣬡ϣصԼλɾˡ
Լۺù̶۵ͬһʱ̣ǳһҵУʽشͨг˳ȥ

еһμ١
ʧܡ
еڶμ١
ʰٷ֮ʮʮʮ
ؾ
ڶμٳɹ

ɹǨԾռ䣬²㽵꣬Ԥʱ186ʱ롭
ĺ⽥ˡ
ʼָнǶҲй
ͷǵشӷβ³һղŵ·ڹͲϴ»˼ȦҺáϣ趨бװöǳȻЩ£ֺȷԼûҵķܵκ˺
죬Ǽһ治ֵΪǰ롣
ţΡΡؽ⿪װãλĵ
ȫǨԾռŵ˹ݹ״Ҫúܶ࣬ȻĿƫ뵫ǽصȴԵúƽûпռҲûеŷ籩ȻҲûֵĵƫ뵽۹ĽӸԸоɴΧǳǳž
һ
תͷһ̵Ŀȴ䵽˴⣬Ȼ˲شסˡ
һ̣ԼʲôС
ָҵĹ۲촰سֳ˿̷ɴⲿľʼЩ黷ڷɴΧƮʱʶΪԼպýĳǵʯ
һ룬־ͷ֣˿ƮеЩʯʵȫǾƬ
ƬۿɼʱʴЩʯۼȻɼֻʣ˲кȻʱǶô˵
ֿ˾޴սƵ̨Ʈ۲촰⣬̨֮ģһģ¥ʯʽкǴۼľʯ¥֮£ĳƲĵƬؿ۾ĲλƮԼҰ·ԼŴӣĳԶž˶һۡЩ֮⣬ʯĳЩѾʴò԰׵ĹǼܣʼûϳǳʬΪЩʬǼ˾޴ÿһֻܹôǳķɴ߹֮䴩
ΪЩǴ˵
ᵽνľ޳壬˵ԭ֮ĸͳʱڣЩԼЯӴϵϵ֮䡣
ֱּҪԼǰľ󾪴ˣһжš
ǵˡ
ĿĵȷϣĿǰΪ820-110-235棬õʾΪΣҪ롣
ǣ֮ĹıԵ
ɴľ͡ϣͬʱ
Ȼתͷϣߵʮء
üͷĵӡ
֮Ĺ
֮ĹڽǰһֱΪĳֳеĽѡ
ڹǿŴľ־֪֮Ĺ¸ô򵥡
ϣɫúܰ
һ֮ĹɴͻʮΣաΪпռ䶼Ū֧飬޷мѹϣɿس嵽ǰָɿô򰴼
ļοϵ¿ʼ趨ɴĸ
˺һֲϣļȥһЩ
ǽĵصλĹռĽ紦žΪԵǲŻ˳ſռķ϶ô˵λãӦÿͨ˳뿪Ƭ򡣡
ϣ˵
ܻҪʱ䡣ڼ䣬ɴϵдڣҺ㣬Ⱥ׳棬Ȼܵ΢Ⱦ
ϣһ˵ţһǰãȻ֣֣Լһ㶼ֶ֮Ĺ֪
ô£
һ૵ѯʡ
ȻǰȥǣסЩ֡
ú£˵ģ۷ʲô飬Ҷᱣġ֮ĹҲһ
*
ʵѾҪˣ֮Ĺںܾúܾǰԭ֮ĸĸڵء
ǰȻطѾ˳֮ɫԨǸг嶼ӵԼϵġĸסʱǳ԰
ԭʼƣ
򲢲̫ģǣﻹǱԭ֮ĸΪĳʼ֮ءkֹгķϲ˳ĲͬȺ䡣ų泲ĲţߴȺĳʼԭ֮ĸ棬Χĸ֮ϡ
Ⱥԭ֮ĸľ֮²׳󣬷ܡܿϵ鲼ټոµȺ⴦ƶзչ쳣Ѹ٣·ԭȻŵĻ̺ÿһֻһԸΪԭ֮ĸ׳Լȫڽļ䱻ĸҳϵǾ޽һΪҹ˾̾Żʱ˲ٸ߼Ǽˡ
ʱգߵѾԶ棬ȻǲռֻƬУȻ
ǽΪƽ֮ȺʥҲвʫΪڳΪԼ֮ĸڷɾӡǺĵضŻ壬˵ǿŹݻĸ
ǰǶôõʱ⡣
ԭ֮ĸͳ֮µĳȺԾ˵ٶȴһȺ¶磬Ұ̵ĵͼȺ䣬ӵǻ塣
ǿǣԭ֮ĸϢĸгĳʼ֮أĹ硣
ǣȴˡ
ֿŴŵ棬̲ס૵
ϣ˵ͷ
ԭ֮ĸ뿪󲻵꣬ﱬһսûг֪ʱʲôֻ֪ܵԸӵشȵҪصĳʼ֮صʱѾһƬͷβĽ
סˡ
֪ΪΣЩƮĲкؿھȻӿһԽ͵ʹ
շΰ漣˹ƮƬʮǰ۳Ǽʵľ޴սҲ֪˶á
óȫ̾ڻƽ֮ģΪ䡱͸˼һκγ壬˵κл壬жǿǣһ֮Ĺᱻʴ־ңȻ󳹵ʧŵĹ֮С
ǵ뿪ϣ侲˵ȻѾΪżǻһЩ鷳Ķ
ϣָǡ̴
֮ĹĿռѾ飬һзǳΣյ䡣˵ûκ֮Ĺ
ǣĳδ֪ԭʱʱأĹΧ౾ӦĹĶеʱĳҳͧĺĲеʱɲùȫ޷Ĺϵ伮óȤҲмֵģǳѡ
Щԭ֮ĸʱѾ£ʼδлԭʼѣѾ𽥿ʼӻִ˵޼֮
֮ͥĹԵѲ߶ӣͬʱ˴ġ̴֮ĹЩв̡
ϣϣǳЩͥġ̴
һֺ鷳ġϣŬŻֽ͵ǴûЯ豸䡣ԣǺпܻΪЩþܻܿӰ쵽ǵǡ
£Ǳܿĳͻ
ݵͣٺ󣬡ϣֲ
ڵķֻҪЩþȷʵǼٵģǾͲ˺㡣
ǣ
ע⵽ˡϣôʡ
еһ΢⡣
֪ΪΣûм׷ȥ
ֳšϣ˵ͷ
ټϣǰֵ˽ŵӡ
ң֪ˡ
˵
ȻˡϣѣȻ͹֮Ĺĸá


98 
ʵԼҲû뵽, ȳģȻȺȥɵС̡
һβ֮ʮƣ, ܿڴǳҵԼĲҲҳ˯ȥ
ȻֵʶУոձ۾Щ½جδȫչʶ׳ޱȾֵļС
衪ǡ
裡ء

Ȼѣ۾
Ӵ, ŷְͨʱʱӦÿҹ
ղЩǡ
֨
ȻתͷȻ㿴ԼĲϳһԵѷ, ԰׵ĳ֫֫ŷ죬Ȼǿ˺˺ʵĽš
ŵ˹ƺʶ﷢һ˿ڱԹĵæӰһԼķɴô
ҲôһĹͿԼȺѾΪ׳˶ֱ̣Ӵ˽
СȻܵ˾޴, ǵĳǶࡣ
ʣڳ󣬿ֵĵһʱǾֱӳּ˹
裡뿪ǣ
Ƥ, ҲƯģұ֤
ҳԺٵأ

ʲô
һȺߴߴش޵ĳֱ̼һ̲סСǵͷ
һʱ, ȺʵѾǰչ¶֮ǰ׳¶Ȼ, С˵ȷʵ, һֱԸо, Ⱥ׳һֱŬǰֳһ档
, Ǿֻص˵
׳Ǹ͹˲չֳԼĳ, ֱӼֵĴϣֱؿһ±Ƶĸס
衣
衣
̧˳֫Сذһ¡ڸֵ֮ܵСǲڴجظط壬ǿֵʱ۵ȻظֳһĨʪ
˵ˣŲᶪأ
һŵĴø߸ߵģ̴ֻ⻹Ϊ֮ǰЩ΢΢
ֻ˺һ󹤷ŸȺ̾Ȼ˻þǸþУֺԥǡΪɱȫ˻˲ÿĶӡ
һؿǣ˵һó֮󣬾ֱӱֻƯɫݮͱɫëġһڡ뿪ˡ
֣ҾãӦòôտ
Цûע⵽ԼڴѾǳˡ
Ƥ󳤳ʲôҷģҶǳϲǵģ
еЦذȺ̡
ðɣôֶ֪ԭԼԡһڡɱε̾ȻֻС̴ôصѹ
裬Ժ󣬻ŬƯģ
ͷźܿͻָԭš
Ϊ֮ǰľܻһִԼҪܳһЩʱҲȽ
߸壬ֿԿԼԼİơ
˵꣬Ա߾ʹ˷ش˳ǵʱ
ңһŻƯ䡣
ʵϣİȷʵгԵģԶ׼֮ȷʵ൱ҫ۵Ļơ
Ųŵ˴ǣС֣Ȼſһ˻˻
һֱܵв
󣬻һԼǿѹסֻ̣ҹƴȺܵȰܵıˡ
ȷ˽ֻΪþֻڶݵ̶µشӴȥ
Ȼ˵Ѿ֮ǰöˣ׳ʼռǵ֮ǰҽʦĶֿ̫
Ǿʵֻߣԭʼ泲еԭʼ׼Ϣֵ⡣
һš
һš
ֿһţȻס˶Է
ʵʱһȻǳ̵ĵɫûһơ
ǣСĳ̣ȴֵѾһֻܳȵĳɳˡ
ֿһţﲻ֪Ϊʲôġ
лл
ͷûע⣬ظһһӲԿǡ
һŵĴ̾
裬裡
һڽϵıҪ侲һЩò˵ȷʵѾһֻˣֱοȴ֪һŽϵԭġ
εԼεָϲһڡһֻ¶׳棬εǸֵĶ
һξͷȫ̶ֻ֮ܰڡ
ΧϡֻС̵ϢʱǶδȫδǡֻһţһɱںڰůĳ֮ʱ˯ʱѣٷֱȻһ죬ڤڤ֮УܵԡkϢ
·ǡ
ֻһޱȻʶһȴѾԼǸҪڴ˿̱˵顣
Բ𡭡Բ𡭡ûǷ
ҺܱǸ
ǣҲҲ޷ȥˡ
Һؼҡ

һĸǸþòƽĵһĿ־顣
Ǹξʵ̫ʵˣ֮ʱֽйһ
裬ǲ뿪ǵİɣ
һźȻ̧ͷЩֵ̿ʵ
̵ʻȴһ
û뵽һŻֱӵʳ֪ҪһֻȫȫԼĳֻ̣ҪƤڳѾܽԷƭȥ
Լ֮ǰ粻Ҳ
İɣôϲǣôܶأ
ȻԶѾߣȴôҲ˵ڡ
ΪԼҪص磬ǲܴһȺԭʼ̬ġ
Լ
ӵųĸĻҲζܼڳ硣
ԼȺվǲԶһġ
пʵôֱӸǰһţǿЦЦȻЩɵؿ˿ڣԺ󶼻ǺǿĳģôŸһءɵӡ
ֺطš
Լҵ·ҲûλΪ仰һŶֿ˺һеˣȻǰ֫סֵӡ
öͷ˲ֱֵ
裬ĺϲѽ
һźȻûͷûԵ˵
һţ㡭
ȻؿźȻѹһţҪѯʵ׷ʲôֻѾɱǿ׳ѾͷǿƵģɿسȥ
裬
ѾЩõĽǰ±պϡ
ĳĸڴϣ˺һʼûлع
һǲʲôɣЩƽʱȥɵ׳棬ⷽ澹Ȼô
Ѿǰ֪ˣһ뿪ǵʵ
ɫΪص磬Ϊֻܹڳ壬Ȿ쾭岻飬οЩ׳ʵԭԼ񵽵ģʼǶΪ˰ѶԷԱֶζѡ
Լ뿪ˣϸ˵Ҳ㡰Ӱɡ
ĵ׶Լ˵ô˵Լֵ黹Īơ
裬ҡˡ
ǡء

㱼䣬ֶ߷·ִ޵ľ
Щӡ
һ룬ֺȻһս
ΪȻʶЩʹൽĺԼĻֻеŤͷķȥȻס˳űֱǡ
ܶ塣
ǳ֮ⱾӦŵ档
ڣڲշϴ֮⣬ȴ˸ײҰ׵
ȻȥǾѾȥܾõ࣬ȴֱĳЩϢڴʬ忴ȥѾƮ˲֪꣬ʵļⶼѾȫɱˮѵļ׿Ǳ渲һ˪Ƶ泾
ǵۿնѲ֪ʧ˶꣬Ȼǵʱ򣬻ǻΪۿбĿŵ˺öࡣ
ҪЩʬĿ·ӵĳ־Ǳɯס޹֮ˣֻܴԭػʯ
ã˺ʶ̡
ΪʲôΪʲôҪǣ
㻹ǵ𣬼ǵñ㳹׷ǣ
һΣΣҲ뿪ˡ
ģ԰ɣ
ĸס
ľȻؿЩɲĳֿ˿֮ǰĺܿתΪԹʡ
־ʶס˺
ת飬ȻԼеĴǰ鼷Щꡱ
ǵܿ˼˻һֵ衣
һʹϮһΣ㵹ڴϡ
Ȼ󣬺Ȼ䣬ⰲ
ִڴڴŴֵ̧ͷӵķ
޴кžƮ֮У֮Ĺһš
ֵĴտյһж
ղŵЩǻþ
ֻվһ¹ԣȵطָղǶޱʱ䣬ʵСǵ뿪󲻵ӡ
껺վ߶µسŴȥ
ֿһ鴰⣬һжǸոǨԾͨʱûʲôǳڰƽȵʻرܿ˺ϵĸʽƬ
ȻһҪתʱĿȴȻϴһǡ
ֻг֫Żץۣ͸ɼ

Ҫ
ţֺȻǶһʹ
һΣĻˡϣʹధ
ִûǸߴ׺ĳ˷ֻбĥ඼˲пܷİ̵ʹֶоԼؿʹ
ʲôЦ
ֱһ䡣
֪ʮа˾Ǽ䵼µĻֻǽŵسȥѵõĳ嶯ͽȺòײ侲Сֶһ
еĺӶӵߴһжȴڴʱЩϴ֮ץۡ
ǵ
̷ֻֽ˳ȥڴǳĳЩҪڸ
ԼǴҴææأΪһֱӳˡϣڵĿҡóϣһ·ֶеǳΪһֱ˿ԼԼʶڡ
ղСǴַʱϣûеһʱϵֶ̽ԡϣ˽⣬ɲĮʵ˵ĳеķӦ
СǺڶѾΪ˻þϵĹôϣϣѵҲ
˼֮УҵĴǰ
ֵһʱ˽ȥȻȷԼ֮ǰڡϣʹȷʵǻþ
֣ӴޱȴذڵϣյĻ૵
˵ˣ֮һ𣿡
ʱˡϣݳľ
ΪʲôҪң
ֵüͷԾ
ϣ
ܵˡϣʱΪȶϢתͷһ˵˿һֱٶԼобĳڷ»Ӵ̼ڱĥġϣ
һЩ̫ԸֵҪǲĵ뿪˿ҡ
ϣ΢΢ͷƺֵĵ
٣ϣҡ
ַŻȻСĵسšϣ
ѹԼҲ˵ĻþʼնֻǻþֻҪ㲻ţǡͲ˺㡪
ֵȻֹ
ʱѾˡϣĲ棬Ҫַ̧ס˵ļ򡣶ƣֿˡϣؿڵС
һöʯ׹
εģ˺ÿûκ;۵׹
ޱϤƷ˲ʧԡΪʲôⶫڡϣ
֮ʱϣȻֵĴڡ
ߴĳ˴ʱնɼ޷ƵʹԱ
֣
ɳƵؿڡ
㣬ˣϣĺֶȻѣͷһɣæʵ
漴һ⧲㱻ϣȻק˻
֡ġƭӡ
ֱйһ㣬ֱϣڻص÷·߹ǶҪѹˡϣĶߣҧгݵغּµ׺ݣбʹһȻʧ
Ҫܣ
־ģǡϣʡ
Ϊʲô˵˴ӽԺǾһֱһ𣿡
˵ˣ֮һ
ҪȥһԸ˵ءûץ㣬ǲһӶ£
ҽ첻ҪȶòŻȵϵң
ԣʵԭûдټң𣿡
ԣʵѹûдϵңһʼһоͶǻԣ԰ɣ

ʶʡ
ʶ
˴ӵơ
ͫ׽ŵϣ


99 
Ļþʼʱ, ϣʵžԵ侲
һжֻǻþϾ, һչǰĻ, ʵЩ
߾ǰ˹յǵķɴʮӺɣÿͼʱõǴ׼
ǰſĺΪŷ籩ȡÿǰĽиǩ
Ļеڻ˵Ľڻ졣
ɴʱǿҳʱʱʧ޵Ľݡ
ϣ̧ͷ, ʶԼھȻΧɫҴҵĴ, ཨķнͨŦ
ϣ̲סüͷ
ڳ˵֮ԻôΣգΪǿɵعĴˣҼǵĸڻþ, иᱻ޷Ŵ³ľȫ, ӶԶʧƬԨ֮С
ɡϣҲ벻ĽͨŦΪʲôΪ㡣
Ȼһ룬ϣ̧ͷ
˹ķͨ桪߾ǰһѧĺ༴ɡ
һӳ롰ϣ˲, һǿҵʹޱġ䡱, ڡϣȻը
һ, ϣ, Ȼþײ, Ѿһ÷ɪ˹ĳˡ
е侲Ƕ˲ֱ, Ŵδμӿ룬÷ɪ˹һһسվ̨ȥ
ããȺУһ۱ֱվ̨ǵӰ
ǰ, ôϲԷأ֮ܿʱ, Ǽµʹ֮, һһԺлԼֵһ, ôϸǸϢһѾӡ÷ɪ˹
ͬǣڳʱΪ̶òܾ޴ʹ࣬ȴ쳣ƽ뵽Լֹʱĳĵ׻ӿһۡ
ʱ÷ɪ˹Լ˼ĺ꣬ȴֻľߺޣԼ
ûл̫๤÷ɪ˹ֱվ̨ץס˶Է
ѧѧ
תޱȲؿǸԲӦóꡣ
޷Ƶľʧ룬÷ɪ˹һα顣
÷ɪ˹һǰδеĴֱʽקס֣ҽǿϵվ̨Ľ䡣
屳˿Űĸ·вδϣôСĶЩ˿ڻˡ
÷ɪ˹оԼѪҺ˳о˿ڴʹ
Ϊʱ˿̵ؿ۵ʹԶ˿ڵҪصöࡣ
ѧ侲һ㣬ҽ͡
÷ɪ˹
ŶԷۿģ̿֡
ӪʼάϸݵΣڶһ¶ıʱ򣬾Եý
Ϊʲô
÷ɪ˹ȴĵֵġ
ԼޱŶԷ
ƺҲѾʶԼ㱻𴩣ȻֹҿԼǰˣ촽ãȴ춼ûмһı⡣
ôѾŵ˵Ѷ𣿿ǣ㲻óɣڡ֮ǰ˵һЩûƭתȻߡ
÷ɪ˹ֵָĴϣɭ˵
ѧ
ʵûдټң𣿡
ûеȶԷ˵꣬÷ɪ˹Ѿ˵ȥ
˺ܶ⣬֣ʵѾȴ𰸵⡣
÷ɪ˹ɳơ
͸ˮ۾ԼЩİ
Ӣ˾ֻǱɱ˲Żеı顣
÷ɪ˹ζû뵽ԼгһҲ¶ı顣
ԲѧһжҵĴŹҺòãˡ
ǿ׾ٵرһѻ꣬ʱȴ׾˵ѵĺӡ
ֲû˵κλԡ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹е˸̵ķŭ
ְֵ̧Ĳϡ
ƺоһ÷ɪ˹ɱ⣬Ȼһս۾ݳһ˿־ʡ
ǣȴû
÷ɪ˹˿һɫоȻһԿƵϧֶ޿԰ε÷ɪ˹еһŰ
ԼϣԼܹ֡
ֻҪǰƭɱҲܶԷĻƭٵĶԷıѣҲٵĶԷ룬ѾһĿ
ճıԣӦ۶ƭӵ֫߸ɴཫԷһ£ӴԶԼߡ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹Ǽһ̣һˮֱϡ
ڿޡ
Ѿµ꣬޵ñͷˡ
Բѧ㣬ֵʱ򣬿ɲԿһ㣿
˵
ңĺۡ
һϮ
÷ɪ˹һ˵ΪԼ֮ԼһϢģ
ǰֺۡ
һϣ겢ûƭ
Ǿô۵һˣȴԥԼӵ
˵ϳֵĿƭӣһҲһ޴ƭӡ

÷ɪ˹ͬ˪ǡ
Ϊȼķŭ棬޿ɱϨȥ
Ҫٿ㡭
÷ɪ˹һһ䣬ҧгݵسѾ˵ȻȻɿ֣һѽԷƿ
ظصڵأ÷ɪ˹һȻŶ߶±Լײײسŷɴͣڳȥ
÷ɪ˹ֵıӰޱʶ¾Լֵһ档
ⱲΨһˣǸƭӣӴ˾Ҫʧˡ
ϵѪҺ¡
÷ɪ˹̰ؿֵıӰѾ絶ʣ޷԰εأƴ뽫ǸƭӵӰӡڼ
Ҳ
ͻ
÷ɪ˹һħĵԼĺлݳ
һ̣Լ
׷֣ڶԷϷɴһ̣ץס
Ϊ𣿡
Ǹеŵ꣬巢һЦ

һУȻ
÷ɪ˹᳹ԼѪиٹ̵Ĳ̰
ִ˳ء
ʼֻл룬֣ģøȤСͼƭ÷ɪ˹
ȻûйãֵĿܺǿҡ
͸÷ɪ˹һҲ޷԰εΪĵ
Һá
ҺѪʷѱ¶ľ飬ЩֶʩڴЧȺ
ûöãԵƭӾͱѱˡ
ֻ˵׵رˡ
Ǻ촽ֻᷢ˵ĵʹ˻ƵļкͿ޺
˫Ի˵۾ڿնӴ˫۾Ҳֻʣ÷ɪ˹ӰҲ˫۾ջκڡ
൥ůȡȪôԴʼ˳֮¡
ǣһȻ
˵·һڶڲϵꡣ
Ѿռ֣ȴʼվ޷ӵжԷ
÷ɪ˹ֲֵ˳١
εвĳѣÿһŶȻȱݣڷҲһֻһֻвݣγªĲȱǣ÷ɪ˹ʼվãǾԼֵĺӡ
ɰģĺӡ
֣ǿԺҸġ
Ѫ֮ϣ÷ɪ˹ӵŴ͵ࡣ
΢ЦſŹ޴ڵĻγ壬
˵㵱ΪʲôҪأڲǺܺ𣿡
÷ɪ˹ͷֵա
ѾõԼҪһС
˵
˵㰮ҡ
÷ɪ˹ֵգ
ִ͵زͷ¶ЦݣȻܵؿʼ˵ָݳĴϢ
ң㻹ҡ
÷ɪ˹ǿֹסֽĶǰ꣬˵һ顣
ֿնǰ
ҡ˺ܾã÷ɪ˹һһĽ̵£еؿڣ㡭
δ롤ַ֮ʱѾõż
÷ɪ˹ȴƲס΢Ц
Ҳ㡣
÷ɪ˹ڵõԼҪĴ𰸣ſ˫۽ѾӵԼĻ
ѾӵһС
Լ˵
ȻͬʱҲ֪ʵҲѾʧȥһС

ϣϣ侲һ㣡
ǳĿּѵĴšϣؿڡ
ͼöԷ΢侲һ㡣
Ҫ׷ʡϣΪʲô˵Щֻѧ֪ĻʱϣԱÿҶ
Ҳ֪ǰ˾Ļþпʲôֻ֪ԷڿȥѾҪˡ
ϣѾ޷ά̬
Աӳ˵ĸ·̽һֵĴȺ֫ȫ̶·
ּá
һɺѪᣬ˵ıչ
Ϊҫ۵ɫһ˲ţҰ㱻ϣݳ׸ǡ
ϣϵ֡
ǣ˵ǻ˵Ϊ־塣ڲȷֵĴһϣȻҲһԼͶ䵽ĳķΪ֮ϡ
ֵˡ
ϣֻͣþˣ
ƴؽкţͼáϣѹκ˵˫ĿֻһƬն;
СȥĻвص鷢
ֺһ㣬ϾƵҲһˡ
֮סԷ
׸ô
ʱһͷȻ仮Ժ
÷ɪ˹
촽΢̽Եغ
һ룬͸оϣĶͣһ˲
ͷһһϲżȵĽͬһڹıȥϸ⾿ʲô
ע⵽ʱѾڳšϣ
ѧһ㣡
ѧӦ֪ģһжֻǻþ
˵䣬Сؽִˡϣļͷ
ѧ£Ҳߵġ
֮ǰϣ˵Щʣִ˵Ļþ૵ؿ˵
һΣҲ뿪ˡǻһģ𣿡
׾Ĵϣļ򣬸ܵ˱ļһһɳڡ
֪ϣѡ
Ӧøе˲ŶԣȻʱ˿̣ȴԼۿ𽥷ȡ
֣
ڣϤڶ
һȴѾ޷ֱ棬Ǿ֪еϣֻ÷ɪ˹ĺ
ؿʹúܿ졣
ϣѧ֮ϵԺлطţУԱȡ
ǿѧôǿĸ壬ûбɱϣݻصԼߵĻҲȫûпܡ
һϣĻֱܿԺһ
߽֤κ顣
ԼҲûЩҩĻþûξЩޱ顣
ֿɲԼʲôʱΪ䣬ȻͻƳȺΧ÷ɪ˹ѧйΰ
ƫƫȴǲϵξظһС
ϣҲأ
ǸҸղš
ϣɳƵķҵҾᡣ
Ҹղʧ̬ˡ
ϣЩӲ˵
˼þԼȫסӵֵĿ
̫ˣ̫ˣղһжֻǻþûôΪҲûĻг׻ΪûĿܡ
ԡ
Ȼ䣬ϣȻѹ
ԼͲν÷ɪ˹
ϣЩþҲġ
Ͼڻþȷ־һͷβࡣ
ӵģȴгľޣϵĳĸ
ԣΪΪ÷ɪ˹ĳ˼ģԲųɲĻþ
ϣ˶ǿнִܣͱ˵ѹ
ǿԼſ֡
ͷʱ򣬡ϣȻԼ˿̵ĳ̬ͷһ
֪ʵһֱе㺦¹ڻεĳ壬Ȼ̧ͷȴȻĳֻ֮У·ûд֮ǰľлָ
Բ𡣡
̲ס˵һ䡣
ڱѣ۾ֿһۡ
ֵɫ֡
ûϵ
˵
ûһ־Ȼ׷ʵ㣬ʲôղ㡭Եúܼ
ϣĬһ
һЩ顣
ػش
ֱûнԼڻþпһи֪Է
Ļ֮֮ŹֵȻûɢ
ֵ̬ȷʵø죬óŪӱʵ꣬˿ȴʼնšϣš
ҽʱһֱš
ֺȻ֣һö׹ָϣҡΣĹߣԵ쳣財
ϣͫȻս
ֲûзŹ˿̡ϣı飬ʵϣһֱϸع۲ǰĳˡ
ⶫرǴõģ
ʵ
֪жš
ҵͶꡣ
ϣӲ˵ЩӲ
һĳ˰ҡ
ڹ۲조ϣһϣʵʱҲڲԾعעֵķӦ
̾ʶö׹ʱƺԵЩʧ
һΪһֱء
ֻ˵
ȻǶģнֵʵ̫ˣָû⡰ϣĿѡ

ͼڡϣҵ֤ݣֻ֤ѧй֮ʱɴȻһʾ
ϣһݣ˲佫Լ˼΢̽г
̨ϵĹϳ˱ΪĿĺɫ㡣Ŀǰ̽⵽ϢǾȻһҷɴ
£ͨѶгɴȻܳȻڵĵط֮Ĺ
ϣֵ˲
ţǾյұΪĿķɴͳ޲ȹ㲥
ȡ
ԨߺţǱˡϵͳùֻʣٷ֮ߣǼԮ
յظ
ȡ
Ԩߺš

ܹյźţ֤ҴʵѾǳˣ״̽ͼҲ֤һ㡣
ڿϢһ˲䣬ʶس۲촰ȥ
ȻͿһҲƲ泾ľ޴սͬһ㻺سʻ


100 
Ǹʲô
ִҡƵ̫ս, һû뵽Լڳ顣ô, Ŀǰ״ܽӽĳЩԵ̫£ӦһƬռ, ǰѾ׸սкƫƫ鴬ڲϵطźš
ʶشһս
ǲ̴
·һ̵ĲһԵġϣȻ˵
˻, ɴĻĿ·Ŵ˹۲, һֱʱֲŷ֣ԭսĴڲ, һִʱյķɴ˸Žȵơ
ҷɴȥ쳣Ǳ, ֱǸմսйһ㡣˻֮󣬿ԿɴĲ鲼ĻۡҪǣۿɼҷɴѾױը, ڵĻھ޷ϵ˿һڷɴβ
汬ը˵Ҳ̴޷ٺ, ڳǰҴļʻƺðսɴƮ̫еĹŴս֮, кôҲл
ǳױ̶սĹй, Ҹս, ɴ̫С, Ա˷֡
ôǣսڲ֮ĹڷǳʯԼŷ籩ø졣
, һҷɴ֮ĹҲ׶༪١
ֶԲµǳ, ҴõĽҲдԱʲļʺȱ
, ҴĴԱȫ, ֮ĹĲ̴˵
֮ĹܹصĿɲĻþ˵֪Ļþǡɾ֮ĹɱСĸЧӦ
ʶĹĿֲĳ壬ѾȫƬҲصʵȥ
һӣǲ̴ĴԱҪġһ̴ֱĳԱǳײ㣬Ͷ·Ĵڡֻз޿صУ۹ʩԱ̸ӿֲĳͷﷸŻᱻɵ̴ϳ䵱Ʒ
£ǺܿͿˡ
ϣȻǳ˵ͣοεĺ߸պþһҲ̴
̿ʼֵôǳԶԨߺš
̴ϵĳͨôƣĿǰ״̬ʺϽκʽľԮ
ϣ˵ͣ˻ͷȴѾ˵ġ
ʵϣҺΪԨߵĲ̴ʧȥ˶ǲűһս
ס
ֵ˵ͷ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ֶԱ˵ȷʵƵ棬ҲϷ
ɴڡϣĿ»ҰռȶŹѾ֪ʻ˼ս
ͻ
衭ı
ֺȻס̫Ѩ
Ժдŵ˹ļС
Ȼ̨ϵĻԭ趨Զ·ȴΪżսŵ˹Ծ˵ٶȳԨߺš
Ϊʬͬʱһҷɴŵ˹һֱкĴڣԵʱ򣬸벻ô߼˹ܴ򽻵
ڣ־Ȼŵ˹иܵǿҵĽͷŭ
ͺŵ˹ĸĶᣬζҪһ
ŵ˹侲ڸʲô
ͼŵ˹ѣɴʱĺȻ޷ŵ˹Ժ
־壬ŭǡȵ纣һ㳯ӿ
ôأ
ŵ˹Ҳǳ壬ҲпܵϮ
ȻʶһʱһжѾˣź¡һŵ˹ѾսĴյײ
ھҵУȻ͸۲촰ŵ˹ĸ̽ϵĲצ
ŵ˹ݺݵקס̴ҽع̶Լ档
Ķ
Ķ

ɴĻϣԭԼͼȫӿʧˣȡ֮һַ
ŵ˹٣ѡ
ͽ޹غȫʧȥ˿Ƶķɴ
һ룬һǰȻһƬʡ
ֱʱѾһαþ֡
һҴ
ǵģǴ˿̱ŵ˹ץסԨߺš
ڵıþҴԵҪʵöࡣ
ű̴˵ҪװԨߣʮսı»ʻľչ
ٲȻƽ֮̾һ֡
ɴ˿̣ΰĽֻʣ²ȱһǣڹϻ
ԨߺһȻɽոߴȻһĴͣ
һȺѵصĳʿ
ϣ˵ĵײȫһǿȥôѵأװ쳣
ǡ
ǻڽӡ
Ѿ뿪˰ȫĿңͬϵһ㣬Ƕʿ󻺻Ʈ
Ⱥʮ˳Ǳ乬ģҲŻ˽ĵΰʯ׻ҿ
ţСشӹײУһŻҳĽ
ڻþУҲԸоڳдڵļȸԾ
ȺȻõԼҪĶ
ȴԽԽ£ԽԽֻšܣΪʲôЩѵصĳսʿûзֹĴֵĲ԰Ӱӡ
ˡ
Щϸ䡣
ȡĸߣؽɱ
ɱǡ
ɱ
Ҫĸ׵ĶȴkĹ
ֳǣȥ졣
ִؿǣܿˣԼڷɴշ֮⿴ʹס
ͬǣһεĻþУֻ޾ı־塣
ڣξУЩǴ˾Ľɫ

֣
ֵһӲʵĻ
ԡϣĺ꾪ѹͳһ޷Ƶݡ
ʧסϣ
ӳѾǴǳĿңǼѪǻãֻǾԼͷ͸һɺ⡣
ңҿˡЩӲ̴Ȼȫ
״ε˵
Ҳˡ
Ȼˡϣ߳ȵ˵
ߴ׺ξ޴ĳˣСؽȫ§ԼĻС
һЩˡ
ڷɴڣСֻǡϣԼЩþе˺֡
ǵһ㣬ϣѹͲԼƲסֵı
ֻߣȷһ˵Ƕֵռ
Ѿ֮ǰĻþгѣɡϣԼѾ˾޴ѿڣĳЩڰһֱ궯ϵؼ޷ƵĿ
⡣
һֱһжҵСˡ
һ׽뷽跨Զ롪Ȼദʱ䲢̫ãɡϣȴֵĸԡ
ԼΪȫǿڼֵĻرܡ
áϣԻǣһΣ޷ƵΪȴûֻرԼǡǡ෴̧ۿ˿ϣȻ壬ֱڷһɡϣԼ
񡪡
ֵǡϣɴʱͻȻ֮俪ʼĻҵҲǡϣ
˺һǿǿԼ侲
ȻֻǻþҾӦȥ
ϣɰͰ͵˵û𣬵˶֪
ղŵĻþЩڲͣظűáĸסĶ
ŵ˹ҲˣһֱǿҲ̴ˡ衱Ķ
ܹ˶ĵĳ屧ǿҵУϳ֮ΪĸסģƬУֻһд١
Ǹڴĳ̶ֳ˵ݡ
*
ʮӺ󡪡
Ӳն׼ԨߺŵĽʱһ𶯡
ţӲڵƹ䣬תΪ˴۵ĺɫ
Ȩӡ
ȨӾ桭ԨߺͥҪʲǿд뽫ΪǷ֡桭
桭
϶ĵΪϵͳʧЧԵʣȥЩʧŤ
ϣЩͷػ˻ԼĴǣھʱȻ̧֣Ȼһȭ˽ͨĿ塣
Ȩͨ
ӳɹ
ſ̣âӺɫתΪȶİɫ
һεĽͨբţڡϣǰ
ϣ˽ȥ
ԨߺһƬž
֮ǰźʾĽȺ;ȫһ˿̰ˡ
ڵºܵͣߴ쳣ĳһһ߹ͨ
򶼸ű˪
ϣЩڶ˵ЩСͨڴУ䣬ߵͨпĶ
һ죬ֱӹ䣬¶˪֮²Ұ׵һֻʬ壬ϣȥԼǷڻþмŵӡ
Կ϶ǣֻǰľ޴ʹࡣ
ʬۿնͷ­ɱ񣬿ȫӿǻڲعǰ
ȥⱲµجΣѾȥȻżȿ־ʹɫ
ϣĬȻȻ̧ż⽫ߵһߡ
̾һתͷͨĴɢҵʬ塣

ϣϲڵ״Ϊڿ־﷢飬ΪЩĪȥʬͨһ£Ǿ鷳
ڵ̫ҪŪļ便ǴӺζֶ̬ΪֻôعŹ֡
ϣνе鴬һȤûС
֮Ŀǰֻսپ
һ޴ĳ嶯ȴͬӰһݡ
ûᴬиĹ״ܿ˿ҡ
ģҲֻһƬž
̨ϵĻϻŴԱ֮ǰͨš
һˡ
ϣܣޱ˿ϵ״һһ˿ҵĽ䡣
ڷһڿƲ۵ܷ䡣
ϣǵú֮ǰڻþУԨߵĴԱǰǰܵɢеĹкʱȥܷĿʽ
ϣǿ֣ͬһʱ䣬ӰӺȻ˵̬ģϣͬĹһȻޱϮ˽ߴˡ
ǡ
¡
Ȼϱеһȴֱˡ
ϣδת
ĳ֮ϸʳ룬ЩڰϵĴ֣ĲٿҲһ׺ݡ
ǺԥشȺǱѾõĴɱߡ
𣡡
ϣǿ̶ĳеһľһ巢˼˻
ϵϣε̾һ
תҪٽǰЩСֲСӳ
ȻͶ˷һָһеĸߴ塣
ĿԵһ˲䣬˫סˡ
ϣ

*
Сʱ֮󣬴ﴫĳǱĺС
ٺٺ٣һ㣬ƣҿԿత˺ü£˼壬ɲ壬׾ͻᱻקġ
ߴĳקŲޱǱͨǰС
ô£ȵں壿ȥɲаһҾ֪ûȫֻ֣ȥױȨŶ
ȫˡϣĮͣȥ޴ļһ
ϣɫȴһƬĮȻͶԷеֻݳġ
ϾȫȻ޺СˡɲֵطڷŶһ˵ǰȥԮǵġˡݶϮ
Ȼ˵֮Իᱻ﴿Ϊù
֪ģСҵȱˣ챻ͥ߹׷ܣҲֹֻطļ֡٣ʲô񣬲Ȼһô죿ܲȥ۹㳡Ƹ°ɡ
˭֪صôһϴĳȫˡ
һ嶼ûеԼЩȫ˷衣ҲǸһϴǼСһﻹάŵǣڸӦҵֻɴͿӵķɴȥˣӦҲѾɸʬ˰ɡ
ò״ųԸԮźľȻ㣬ôˣ㲻Ѿ׷Ⱥΰԭ֮ĸΪʲôڻ⣿
ûеõϣĻӦ治ɫЦش̽Ϣ
òѾҵ֮ǰһֱҵǸˣԸɴһи·˰ɣ
һ仰ȫ˳˵ġ
ֻһ٩ҷġ
ôû뵽һ仰֮󣬡ϣȴȻͣ˽Ų
תͷֱ
ѾȥѰκˡ
ϣȣһһ˵
ĳĿȣ΢΢һ
㣬ҵˣ
ʱѾͨӲս˴ǳ
ڰȫǣϣûѾ컰С˶桱ļ½ȴ˽֮ǰӡ롰ϣԺеǶμ䣬໰ҪϸѯʶԷ
Ӧ˵ϲ𣿡
šϣı飬Щ̫ȷ
ȫ޷ܹáϣĴ׷ѰĶ󾿾⡣
˼룬һ룬һ͵ĺ
ϣڻˣôȥôãŵ˹Ҵд򶷵Ķұúȥ
ұúȥæ
仰ֵĺУΪѾˡϣǸݸˡ
겻ͣ˽ŲԼöԷȥƺЩ졣
ţʵûʲôȴĪظеһ˿кüѾ˶ŹʱҲйƵĲС
֣ôˣ
ϣüʶм䡣
󷴶غֵ֡
֣֡촽΢΢ΪʲôΪʲôô
Ѿ죬۹ߵͨʱһɵһ͵ؿǰôҲû뵽ԼȻ֮Ĺ֡
ǸΪⱲԼֻټˡ


101 
ֻһСʱ, ǿԼǰ˸⵽Ǵϵһ
סþòڿȥ治
ָɰͰ͵ؿ, Ȼ˿λ, ˺ۣǻһϣʱࡣ
ǣǵ, Һܺá
ȻҲɵˡػӦ
۲ε, һԵϣĿ⽥䡣
*
ȵȣ˵, ǳ壿
ִϣ֪ԨߺϷһ֪֮ùĳĸ˶, άסԼı
ԺԶĵط˲⣬˵ĵطڳ
ǣݾȻǳ塣
ѧʵǳҲͰˡ
ΪʲôС񵽵, ȻҲǳ壿ǸĻǵû°
ڵѾ޽ӽڳ, ֻ̲סվ, ź
ô, 㡭
ֻΪݶȲ, ڷʱҲ쳣ȡ
Ϊһֻߵȼĳ, ʼΪ𾪶ϾӦ֮ܿʹֵᵽ˵㣬ǿɲе
Ѿĸ߼ɫȻ
ڽ֮Ĺǰ, Ѿõ˲ٹԭ֮ĸϢ, ˹԰оȻԭ֮ĸ, Žӽ׳һ̬
Ըº, ʮֵ档
ò

һֻҰϵС

Щޱȱ鱨ȴһһֶӦϵƤЦҲ޷ά֣һ̣¶Լʵģ
һᣬЩΣյĳˡ
⵽ô£
ɭʵϣġ
ɵǣڵͬʱһҲѯصһ
ʶ
ϣڷʡ

ֱЩӲ
һ뵽֮ǰϣԼ˵еĵ׹ΪеõģԼϣݵĲ²⣬ĳ޹꣬ĪЩ
ͺܽš
ǰթƭʦϽ̳ϣһȥЩ׾ѧʦʡ
ʦһֱ˵թƭҪ㣬ɲ˵һ£һǵĻԱʶƣ˸ô졣
թƭʦЦЦ
ʵǳ򵥣Աʶƺô죬ܼ򵥣ҪʡǵģԱʶƺЩǻǶţʱ㲢ҪһУ෴Ҫ׸ԷöԷ͡˵ԷѯΪʲôҪƭԼʲôţöԷôԼҾҪʲôܵõΡҪһ㣬۽ҪܴЧһԷʼԼĶӵȨӵȨͲǷ

Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôʱĪթƭʦλ
ԼڷˣϾ֮ûʲôڶԷԼԼһҪʱ򣬸һЩ֮Ŀ׻Ӧ
ţһټġ
˭ֻ氡
֮ûʲôûŵġ
һĭƴ˵Լ
Ȼɫ̹Ȼؿ˿ڡ
ʶҸʶģҸǣΪʲôʶ
ֱϣȿʵ
ϣͫ΢΢һ
ԼΪѰҼǸģӰӲŸЭ顣
ǣΪʲôܾþ˵ʲô޴Σأ
ϣĪЩš
ȻûӦĻǰȴѾתͷĿϡ
ϣʱ̹Ȼͬڸ˵ʱЩ΢
ΪҺѣȴûи߹ңʵݡ壿ԭǳ塭˵䣬΢΢ϵɫ𾪣һʧ͸Ĳš
Ŀ֮£ĴԱһƬհס
Ͼ˵ȷʵûֱʾԼʵݡ
ҵʱݺ⡣
ƭҡ
ҡ
Щ
ɫЩֵ̿ĵװһ
ܺãӦò󣬽ϣˡ
ĵƴͷԷ籩ʱʶ֮Уŵ˹ȻһϸϸʹţɴĹڹ㲥ϵͳͻȻһ̶ϸ˻
Ƿɴĵ·ϵͳ˹ϣӰ쵽˹㲥ϵͳ
̡
ɫҰףذס˶䡣
Ǵǿ˻֮£ʲôڲظ
ĸס
ĸΪʲôǡ
Ϊʲô
ʶģʣѪɫȥ
ǿҲɫһ䣬뽫ĿͶ˿̨
ˡ
ɫ˵
ڿ֮ķѾͷĿԵҪ֮ǰ̹ࡣ
ңϣǵԨͷЩҴϵʱʱʱǱָġ
ô˵
Ļ䣬ɴĿϱȻһľ浯
桪
棬⵽вĿж

ҵˡ
ŷɴľ棬ֱӿ˵
ɫ䣬ȴԵЩ
ÿζЩ֮󣬴б⵽жڶǰȥ̽Ļʲô֣ᷢǼֱǡ
ǹ飿
δĻͷ
ɫѿˡ
Խмϣһۡ
Щ֮ҿ϶ԼϣԼͬ˻þмЩӰӣЩԭԨߺŴԱնɱӰӡ
Ҳ˵֮ĹǻģֻĻþҲЩʲô
Һͺǻȥһ´ա
ϣ˵
Ѿʾȥ̽ĿڵҲҵκζ
ϣǾСһͬһ´ǳ
ȻҲϣһͬ˿ҡ
һһػڿҵ·
һźҲſڡ
뿪֮ǰϣ˵
ȻԺЩ롭
ǲƵģϣ˵
Ȼֲϣ׼ʲôʱϣȴȻͣ˻ͷ
ˡ
ԳƵĿЦһ漴뿪˿ҡ
ΣʹʱƽϢڿĪձĽС
ôϣԼ֮Ĺϵأ
ö׹ѧ֪Լͷͬ׹ȫˣӦûɡ
ʵҲȫȷϣѧ
ңϣҲǵԼѧĹȥ
ǵʱ
Ӧáⲻ󡭡
ֱͷ֪иҪҪǣ˼ȴǲıǣϣԼĳϡ
ʵӦöѧһġ
ƺи૵ض˵
ֵݾҲûάֶãΪܿ죬ʹСǵĶ
衭ǸˣǸ˻ˣ
ʶУһźŷ
һ
ڴź󣬿ǱӦøϣ뿪
ôˣ
𾪵Է
ѾĨϵѪۣסԼѪ˿ڡ
ſڵֻ׳ĻҪǿллأǱ֮ǰֳˡ
ֿЦ
ЩһӦסֻںһʱ䡭
ʼ磬ȫûΪԼϵ󵼶κΡ
۵ֵֻӰӡ
ĻֻһҸ㵥ദɣ
˵
ǱǼһٳֻԣԸˡ֣׷ʲô
ҡ
һֱǵ㡣֣֮ǰһǳ࣬ڣҲµûĻȺ˾Ȼ㵱ԭ֮ĸ⵽ô£ϣǸһҲܲԾϢԲһûмֻںǸģ֣ҵʱ䲻࣬ð鶼ҡֻҲſܰ㡣
۾
ȫû뵽żôãѾ֪ôࡣ
˵ĶԡȷʵЩ˿еԭ֮ĸԭȷʵࡣ
ǰ˵ûκ壬ַǳ̹ȻسԼ顣
ȻǳоԼĸϢǳش˹ȥ
Ϊʵ¹ʣҲű⸱ģ˳˵ЩԾǸˡҸͲԭ֮ĸУҲûбϣвȣģʵѾˡ
С˵
Ҿǿεˣ˺ҡ
ȷ𣿡
֣ϣԼϣ꣬Էϣʱޱı飬̲סڷ
֪ʲô¼ϣ𣿵ʱɱˡ
ԥؽԼμϣʱһо˵˳
֣㲢˽塣ݸߵĳ֣źֿУֻϣޱƵĹǻûǼһǿ󣬵ϵϢҴϴȫͥǰһɱ¾һذ£˭֮ǰֵöôɣѱ޺ֻһ£ǰһгŰɱ
Ѿص䣬塪ȻԼͬŻǸģ֣ߣ˵̫Σˡǵڱ֮Ĺ̸ߡɲֻ˲þѣЩܿͻ᳹׾
ȻеޱʧǣֺȫûаĻȥ
ûϣѪȣбԼ
˼ĺ꣬˿̵עƺֵĵط
˵Щ˳ǣһҷɴĲкҵġʱֻһöӼ
û
ôЩ˳壬ûи߹㣬ҷɴĲкһҴģ
רעضޱȼеʵ

ͬһʱ̡
ǳһˡ
ϣգգۣԼΧһС
Լ˻þ֮СһΣģһΪԼ÷ɪ˹Ҫ޴ĵĻþ
ƺһֻ޴ªģΪȵĳ塣
ΪһޱȻĵЦԭױ˳ݣǰ硣
İϵϣԼҵһƫԶϵĹԱ˻顣ǵģڻϵֵ꣬ģ
һ࣬Ըºͣ
ڻšϣЦƵĺš
Ҳ治ɫس¡ϣż³ʱĿ²ҿЦŶ˵ʵζ
ۡϣʲôƺȫ
һҲνҲûϵȣ˵Զɰġ
ϲɢ˵㣬ȻþУȡǻãԼһˣƷκһ֭Ҫɿڡ
ֱּÿҪÿֻǿŶԷĲգҲеԱǿҸ
Ƕȹһޱõʱ⡭
޷¶ԼʵݺԱ֮ûκ⡣
ȡΪһֻ۳Լ²ǿҿҲΪص츳ɽ
ֻҪһ㾫˼ά֪Ǵҵ£۶Ǹ㱵ʲôûйϵ
ȻżҲЩԻĿԼֱۺϵһЩ΢ԼΪʲôÿһ鼡ⶼʹֻҪظһ¾ʾ˳ء
Ȼֵӣָ¡
ᣬʵɰ꣬ʼֻΪԼˡֱһ죬ֿŸ˵ԼĶж䶯
һʱȡǶôˡ
κ豸Ǽ⣬ȵҲԸָܵʢ
֪ǸνǼ棬ǡǵĺӡ
ôá
Լˡ
ӵá
ȡޱڴЩӵĵȻҲֿ֪»Щ⡣
ԣþһһظֵ֪ΪʹĸģѪⷢ˵䶯Ҳġֽ˹˵
ִһڰůĲÿһ춼ڴźǵĵ
Ȼܿ조ȡ֣һжʼʧȥơ
ǿ䣬ǰδеٶͿ塣
һ죬ȡǰǼƯС԰ķӵĵʱĲǴ֣һѾͿյʬ塣
ɹǾѾñ䣬͵ĸѾ׸ɱȥѪϢռ䡣Ȼȥĸߣɢسѣɲдʢ
ǡʥߡ
ӵǿʥߡ
㿴ȥġĸסѪҺ£Ѿʼ


һжֻجΡ
ȡĵõʬ壬һһĶԼ˵
ڣǸج˹
İȻߡ
ȻǸֳ谮ı׾ӡ
ǣۡȡôСģʥߵӻ￪ʼ
һΣȡԼȡЩѡ
ɸ֪ΣյĳԭʼķӦδȫʱֱƿĳѣȻ˺˴ĸ塣
һжֻجΡ
ⲻġ
ڤڤ֮Уиߡȡ
õֵʬ࣬һα۾
ǵģһΣһøá

ҽԺ
ûãֱӽӹǼҽԺǸҲӴʧ١
ΪԼסǺȻȫ޷ûֵ
Ϊ˶ԼǸˣľ½
Ȼòɱ»ص࣬ĵ߽ǼʵʱӭȴЦɫҰףŲŷꡣ
ֿİ
ʹޡ

־㱣֧顣
һֱƭҡұĶҵ塭ʲô
ȡ֪ڿԼ
ͬµô谮Լ֣ʱҲֻмȵġ
ҺܱǸ
еԼ૵ֵǹڣûκεĵֿ
顪
һһΣ

һʹϮ
һΣϣجûظ
ͷɫɷ׵ĳ̧֣Լؿڵʳ뻺ȻﲢӦôڵһڸղ˽Ϊ
ҪԼȥ
ϣĮض˵
Ͳνġȡ
ǣϣ
ٴζԼ˵޿ɱģξѭô֮ȥȻЩİ
·ͲӦ֡
һ֮ϣǿԼŶ
ܣӳǴǳĴգֻȴһӦڴ˵ĳ塣

ĳֻȻ֪ڡ顱ĵص㣬ĻþЧӦᶸȻǿһСı᳹СⱻԨߺţȴԴôãȻʲôߣҲϢ豸ϵĲ࣬塣
Լˡ
ϣɫ࣬Ȼתſȥ
֪ʲôǸһֵһ˲䣬ϣͲǼһֵ졪ôң
ǣʶ
ʱʶءҲǺǸˡ
һĳԲԶ
ϣޱࡣ
ɴƽĽǽӳһİӰӡ
еǳɫ˫ݣǻþǸһһ鵮³ѲҲĿɶڡ
ûҲӦ÷뿪
Ǹ૶Ŷϣ˵ȥʮʵľӼҷǰɫѪҺĳЩճĿ״
ϣ֪ǡӡǵʬ塣
ɱЩʱ򣬡ȡѡΪ׾ķʽ
ʱǴҵģֻǻþҲɹɣϾǻþĻЩξǲЩ̫ˣ
ϣĽŲӰӻੲݡ
֪ǡ㿴һжġһʵ顭֣ǲܵõҸġ
ԣھͳ뿪еı翪ʼ֮ǰ֣õѡ񡣡
ҪȥˣǷ
顪
һ졣
ԭǽϳһ޴Ļڡ
ϣڴڴŴһֱʱʶԼڸղŴݻһǽ
ͷĵƹ⿪ʼ˸ϣޱɳơ
Ǹŵ˹ǽ֮ڵεδͣճҺĹܵ˵
ҡҸղûпƺԼҺܱǸ
ƹһ¡
ֻϧϣʱϾȥоŵ˹ڵƹеĻӦ
ֲϲһĻģղŪŵ˹ˡ
һǽ汻ݻ֮Ʋȥ
ϣȻͷͨͷԼʱķǸαװŮĳ꣬վؿ
ϣûǵӰӡ
һӣ岽٣Ȼ˷ɴҡ
κʱ򡭡
κʱ򶼿֡
*
ŵһ̣ϣԺѾԤΨû뵽ʵȴ
뵽Ю֡
ģ֡
ʵȴǣɫվһԣȴһָͷ
ڵɫŹ֣عͷϣʱϱ·ЦǣʱԿ޳
ϣüɱֻ۵ĳ֮ǰֿϣȻ˿ڡ
ȵȣϣţûжʲô
һƺЩǸƵĿһ
ûпڣϣԸоõϰαװԼĳ壬ʱһյĸ֮С
ĻڿԸһЩҪ˵
˵
ȵȣҽ
ϣ
ϣͼȰ׽ʱֺȻǰһץסϣ֡
ϣ̾Ͳֵܿ졣
ʾʵڿȥҪࡣ
֪ΪʲôϣȻƽҲһ̣ϣźȻʶڸղţԼѾΪҡ
á
ϣȻȻӦ
ĮƳһۡղŷ飬ʹ˷ŹԷ
ȻǼֻ׳涢
ϣԼǸһ뿪˿ҡ
һ·ϣֵĲܿ죬ϣŶԷӰ̲סЩ㱡
ܾáںܾúܾǰԼҲ󣬶ŶԷıӰ޷ƿ۾
˼֮УϣֺȻ̧ͣͷŷѾϣϢõӲҡ
ѧ
ϣ˵
ʲô£
˼ʶش
Ȼ˼ӣʶõĳƺЩ֡
ƺûдһС
ʱĶƵϼֱ̧֣꣬ȻһѰϣק˷
ţתϣ棬ų
Ǹʲô
ϣ̲סʵ
ֻûлش
෴һһϣ
·
˵
ʲô
뿴ĳ򡣡
ڴ󵨵ҪϣסĴһӱúܽ˲䷺һɧ
ָףһֻҪ鿴򾿾ζʲô
ϣԼĵǸڲǿ¡
ǣгʣ岻ʹֵҪ
ϣЩӲԼ·
쳣ߴһɽһǰ
תȥ
ֿʾһ顣
ϣһ֪ԭԼҲͷԿհס
׾תԼıԼչĳ򣬾չ¶ֵҰ
Ϊ˷ֵļ飬ϣǰ
ִյı
ϣĳ΢΢һ£Ϊʹõĳһȴе˼㡪Ըֵ֪£ԼڿʱϢڳʱޱĿ
Щ̫ˣüֱǿҪſƵġ
ϣʵǲû֮ǰļ䡣
ƴ
ǵġ
ϣ㶵ص˵ͷ
˵ʵһһֱһֱѰҵˡ
ݵĳĬ֮ϣٴεͷԡ
ҵ
Ǵ
ʳ仰ʱȥЩ΢΢ɬ
һΣϣĬøˡ
Ҳ֪
ã˵
ڳʱҲҪ׷ѰӰӣѾޱȻϣôȥ룬ӦģӰѾȫֵģ
Ȼǰ˼ؿڱʾԼ׷ѰκˡǰޱǿĳˣȴȻʧȥš
ʵҲһһֱڲԾˡ
΢˵
һˣǸһģһ
ǿоֹϢҲһֱҵǸһ
ôûһֿܡ
Ǹ˾Ҫҵˣ

ڸϣ˵Ǵ˿ֵȥ
ң·Ѿˡ
֣
һ
૵
ôˣȻһ㶼ûз֡
ԡϣعȻ䣬ϴһ
˵һ˲䣬׵ȫʯͷ
ղš
ĳƺǱ֣һ£


102 
䡣
ϣ롣
һΪ, ŻڻþпԴ֡
ֵϢǿңǿҵϣ޷˵Լ, 겻һ
ô, ¾ֱƻ˰ɣЩĻʧȥ˵ĳĸгѷ죬ԲŻϳ÷ɪ˹
Ժеȥô侲, ϣȴѾݼŵ¿Ʋסս
þ롣
·Ѿþȫ, ϣ˵
֪÷ɪ˹ѪйһιҲ֪㿴Ļʲô, Ȼϴˡ
֣ϣͼΪǸڻʼձ侲, ȴ쳣ơ
Ѿ˼㣬ÿһϸڽţתͷȻ곹ױ뻳, , , ջһ۳, õʲô³
ǵ, ϣǿԼԭƲ
ֿԼʧصӡ
Ȼ, ֲûзŹ
һ̾Ϣɴཫ嶼ϣ
ˣ˫黷סϣı
˴ûǴ˿, ϵ̬ƤƺеʪĴ, ϣ֪ǾԼΪȽŶĺˮ, ֵᡣ
, ֵ촽ٴ޲ĳʱϣ޿̵ת
һ㡪
һͺϣһѽѹ¡
촽΢һ˿ԼҲδʹ֡
ÿ˭
ϣֺȫΪϣļȼ˿΢΢ͷ޽ĵϣţȷʵ޹ˣۿ΢΢죬ĿҲʪ
̧֣ϣա
֪˭ϣǺɭҲ÷ɪ˹ҵѧ
ָϣջ»סϣĲӡ
ֻ˷ǳСһ㽫ϣ
֮ľ·Եס˴˵ıǼ⣬ϣֵ۾￴Լ
һŻ޴룬ţԼԼ𽥳ٵ
·еż׵ϴ֫ϣһԼѾҪʧȥˡĻþĻô侲ǣѾȫõĻþ顣
ˡ
Ҳǡ
ѧ۵׵ĳδˣȴڴʱȻϣЦ
ϣδЦݡ
ᣬ侲ȴôǿơ
Һ𣿡
˵Ȼϣһ㡣
ǲǵĹȥҲûϵҼǵá
ָȥҲûϵ
㲻ϲҲûϵһΣ
ΪԼ飬һһڽţĶʼռᶨ
أ׾ؽԼ촽յϣĴߡ
ϣķӦޱȼңЩֱ
ֲûκ۾ѧл
ʧõ»صߣһַԼԲ޴طܶԷ
סһֱػԼ飬׵شȻԶԶһ
*

ǳĿһ뵽ϣʱǸѾԵߵ־ģбӿһԿƵķꡣ
취ִϣĹƻѹ
ʱ򣬿ͨѶȻ˼ķ֮
֮ǰ޶ȫֹֻ׳棬һ˲䣬ȻͶޱȱĿ⡣
һɱ
ʶ֮Ǽֻ׳̧֡
٣ûдʲôֻͨѶͨѶҲûи˵ҪҲܸϵɣҪ֪һһָңڻһҴأ
һĭЩŵ
սֱƤ΢΢飬֮ǰ׳˵ĵطʹ
Ⱥ׳ĺΣա
Ȼ鱨ȷʵᵽԭ֮ĸѾ˼ֻá
ôҲ벻Լô֣ĳ̣Ȼôһϲģ
۴ĸ⼸ֻ׳涼ϣ⡪ͬǿ󣬱Ű޷ӵΣϢ
ȫȫͥϲɱ¾
ͨѶظ˺üΡ
Ĵһ¡
֪ԼȺ£ǿɲһΣվͻźˡ
һʲô⣬ǲ˼еͼϵԼ
ֹ۲һǼֻ׳棬ȻСذ˽ͨ
µĽ˲ͨѶﴫ˳
ڿȻһո𻯹۳棬ӡУѱ壬ٻᷢ˽
ϴô
Էѹ˵
Ŀɨ׳档
Ⱥ̿ȥǺܸߵĳƺûעĶԻݡ
һжã˵ɡһʾԼڿͨĻС
˵⣬ҾӦ
˵
⣿
ڵ̫Ծ
˵䣬ĿͶԨ߿ҽǿӡ
֮ǰϣѾϳܷǲ̴ԭĴԱʧĶ
֮ҴϷʲôԿ϶һǣȺԱѾʲôӹд˳
ԨʱѾļԱǳƿӣû㹻豸£ǿɲʲôܶԿ⡣
ллأôʱɴʱʱĳһȺĶս˾ǿȵĻþҲʱ֣ܷȴʼձŰ·Ƿǳһֱǳĳ֡
ɳɳ
ɳɳɳ

жȻ临˹
ܷڲϴֵĦ
ǻֶܼã
ĬһʱʶǰٵĴ
͸һ˿ţ˿ԼΧһ
ϴҲô˵ǣӦüֲ˶á
촽ش
ʱ˿̣еķѾԱֳ׼˴⡣
·ѾƯ꣬жʱΪ׵Ĺڸ֫ľ˵飬ĸǵĴⲿ
Ȼ֮ǰҲûٸһ򽻵ǷѾԱǵһοЩ˿ӡ
˵ʲô
Ǽ˻ϴ̼ųĸ֪
Ѿһ͸ߴν׳Ĺ۳棬޿̵ĻӶһԼеĵ紸һŭ
ˡ
۾λۺʮϸ֪̽ëȫ
֮ҡһ¡
ڡ޺
ϸطЩ˻ص塣
˵ĸס

Զһɡ
Ҫٶˡ


103 
΢еʧˡ
ڴǳĲ֮, ڵʶģ
ȻԼȴеˡΪǿҵĴ̼䶼Щ硣
һļ, סϣ, ϣʼĴ֮ܿͻӦһִδǿҷʽ
ͨõĽǷʽͲԳ, кܶʱһֱܵսԼҪǰĳֱӴڲɴ
񡪡
񡪡
ҲǴ, ϣľ, Լʧصصһ, Ĩȥֵ˼
ʵԶȥ, ʶеֻ˽촽Լ˴֮䲻ߵ¶ȡ
ǿҵͬ緢еĻɽĴ, ִûԭѧһҲǰչֳ˿ҷһ档
, ڶϣ֮ǰ, ûеʶ֮Ͳ
ϣ̧, ׾پͽȫԼŪȡ
ּҪˣÿһλû, ƫƫڵҪ嶼ޱȼѡ
û뵽ԼѧطȻ֪֮֮ȷʵпܲǹ߻𣬿ǣܽܵҲǡǹ߻𡱶ǲ;ѻڡ
, ȵȣϣ
ϣĻһΣԸ֡
òҵ, ѵڵϥ˼ϣһ롣
Ҿǿ΢ҵ˼ǡ
ϣ̾һ, ̧, ֱסֵ˻
㲻ӦóΪѧ𣿡
, ૵
ҲƵҪֻɳƵԭǸù겻̫һ
һϣ˵˲˷ֻԼЩ£Ȼһ顣
ѧѧҰɡ
ֳ׷ģĵ
Һۡ
𣿡
Ժ󲻸ˡ
ֿԷģⱲӿ¶Ϊ֤ԼȻȥһֻԳĳˡ
ѧ
Ǵһ˿ĵǰĳ塣
ľ飬÷ɪ˹ܳһס
ʣµĻûڣһƺߡ
ǳһθ
۽ǲܿƵٴλ⡣
ʶٴζ볱֮ǰĵΨһԻǣΪʲôһ֮ѧöˡ
ѾʵʵնԷҪˡѧΪʲôõģȴǸӹֵȡأ
*
˶񱻾˺Х
ֱΪԼһο»˶κ¾͸ѧеĳ̶ȡðɣóϣΪһֱУʵûȫ׼á
Ǿƹˤȫõط壬ѧȡ֮ʱϵĸߴȴȻͣ
һ̵ĽӲʶسϣ˹ȥ
ҷģԼƺϣ۵׿һ˿Ŀ־塣
ѧ
ɫͨ죬Сѯʵ
ϣֵ۽ǡ
ڡʱ򡣡
ЩӲ˵
ȻֽػԼؿ֮ϡ
䡣
ĵޱȰյ̾
ЩþеĲҾ磬ĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵӰ쵽ϣ
¶ֵĿѾҪ˴֮ⰾһֻ궯Ұޣֿ־壬ȻгΪϵ
ңʱ̺ݺסԭʼȵֿ
ҲΪϣһ̶ݵԥõһ˿Ϣ
ȻأҵģѾ۸òĳĸ˲֮Ķ
ȥǾͶǳš
֪ʵò״Сĳǡ
һ⡭ȵȣźĺҲˣ
źĺԭǿشǳԨߺ֮ͨ
ȴ⣬һȫ˷ĳֻ۳ضɢģǿЧӦϢأʼ֡
衪
裬Σա
Ǹһֱڴ󳳴֡
裬ó

ǵĺüͼ
ɫʪĺ󽥽ȥޱǱ̧ͷϣ߳Ϸɫ𽥱ɭ
Ȼϣû˵ڣֻǾãһ˲Լĸ׶ȥĺѺǼ󶪵̫ȥ
Ѿܶˡ
ګګ˵
Ӧȷʵǳˡ
ͽ޹ǽ
ϣ÷ɪ˹ɭ
*
ꡪ
ҵĽŴˡ
ĳȿȻӿڵǰֻһ˲ûع
ʲô
һߴӰǰȥѾһƬǽĳ衣
ϣؿļֻ÷·ܶӳ
ȻźĺڿȥǱһеĻȥ֧飬ǰԲ
ظһ仰ǡҪ裡Σգ
ϣüͷˣȻʼǴ֮ѵõʱʱϣȷʵǳꡣⲻζĲӺǵԤ
Ⱥó۲׳ĳЩϣҪ
ûм׳˼
Ҫǣǣʧ׳沢ֻźĺţһźţҲԵòԾˡ
ΪһźűӦڿң粽ڣѾһվͨһͷֻļ³ϣ俪ڡ
룬鷳
̧֣ʾϣԼеͨѶ
ԨߺϵĶһȺ֣ɾڸղҷ˺ȣȥЩǿѹֵĽţȻҾҲϵˡ
ŵ˹˵֮ǰڴĿ궼ʧˣҲû̽鵽Ԩߺκζ
ֵϣ
Ȼ֮ǰ۸úܲңʱѾѸٵؽоŵ
Ļ֮ϵŵ˹õĽȴ̶һСʱҴķΧǳƽû˿
ȻͨѶȫһ
ҾͲӦǿ
˵
ƽʹһаȻ
ǵԨߺʱƽ˷ɴǽǼ˺־зɴԶ¼ʾǵķһ
Ѿޱȵͳ
ͥҴװ߶˵ķЩ¼ģҴӦ÷ɴ˳뿪֮ĹŶԣǵǵ½ʱͷ˶ͷ
ϣ
ҵûȥ
Ⲣѯʣֻһ֪
ϣɫ۵׸͸һ㱩꣺һһǰȥ
˵
ûЩڻͬһȺ豦޺Ž飬һ뵽ЩܸܿأϣǱ˱ˮ
Ըϵȷʵеһ˿
Ҳȥ
˵
Ȼʼ⵽ֻķԣָȴֻ޴ӷ
ֵطڴǳҲöలȫ˵꣬ƳϣһۣţǿԱҵġ
ʵԼģֻǼԷҲЧӳıڡμŵթƭʦᵽļؾ顣
Ȼ̽Եϣá
Ȼϣһ¡

Ӻ󡪡
ꡪ
ҷɴĽٴδ򿪡
ִűصķϣԼԼֻм仺߽Ԩߺš
ͷޱȼž
˻
ɴϴʱתͷ˴˫˶۾
һں޲ýԼë׵嶼ڴǰŴ˷ܲѵسŴڵġ衱кǸǵӣֻȫ䱸ĳγԱȡ
ԡ
Ҳһڰ˰֣Ȼתֻ۳˵һ˵ûڷɴ濴κζҲûв塣
Ȼ˵ָһͬԨߺţϣıƺִ߷ЩֻС֣ǽһҲ˳
һɱӵһ̶ȵ̫ϣǳֱӵأһ˷ɴ档
ĻڡþгֵЩ飬ʵҲֵĻһڱԵһٻļӲ͡
Ȼ˵ɵģӶֻҫԼ³Ĵ̣ŶٻЩۡ
ϣĿһ֮ܰĻĵһ˿˵
Ⱥ̸ķѾĹ࣬ڻڸڷ´棬Ǹôభ۵ĵһȫӵֹɴ鿴
һ·Ƕûвκɴڲĵ»С
Сġ
ϣȻǰһԼ嵲ס˼ֻʬģ
š
ֵ˵ͷ
һ£˿ǰƳһΧרעĳ̣Ȼװµӣ̧ϣṴһ¡
õңѧ
ǳС˵
ȻֱؿϢ۳ۿɼرøһЩ
Ȼ˵ĳЩԶ֮ǰ֣»صߵѧƺҲ֮ǰúһЩ

΢ЩʣĪģһ뵽ѧԼߣֻǻƲסظеһ˿ۡ
ַֻ΢ܿǵִԨߺŵĿҶˡ
Ҵҵس˽ȥȻɫȻޱȿֲ
ǾҷͨѶڲ֮ǰ
תһһ˵
ϣֶһۣȻһ˽ȥ
ʱ˿̣ԨߺŵĿһˡ
ûʲôµĺۼ
Ψһȥƺֻб˴ӽһֱϵ˿ǿܷ䡣ܷ˿ҲͬЩʧʧǰڴڲϷϸϸɳɳ
ɳɳ
ɳɳɳ

ϸСһƬš
ĬƬֱܷ֮˹ȥ̧˸첲˫Ȼ˳֫ģ
顪
صܷ֮ϡ
һ£Ȼһ¡
ȻڿƽƽʹõĲȴ򵥡ԼĹʵ൱ɹۣĹʱȴû˿Ӧ
ڵ¹޹֮תͷϣ
ԨߺŸͨĲ̴ȫһ
Ȼڣȫû̵㿪˵
ҵ鱨ʾ֮ǰҵһЩǳǳҪĶû֪⾿ʲôǿԿ϶һǣֱǷ˷һҪõֻһαװȥһĸоڣȴһ˿ڡ
ҲŴҪȡⶫҲõҲû뵽һôˡҪİϣðҴֻ֪赽ʲô⣿
һ仰ü
ϣ˫ֻأ
ǰسأȻͨʽ޷ġ
ϣ˵
Ȼû̫ڹڹȥļ䣬ɲ֪ΪʲôԴָ÷ɪ˹֮ϣܾԼԺƺණͱ˵ڣһ۾ͿЩʹõKϽ𣬴˵κͼֶδΪֻá޴ݡ
ҲӦ֪һ㣬ʧȥˡ
ϣѵ
ǰǵġ
˵ڿһȦȻһ۵Ľ˳ּһѵֻ
ֻӣȻ૵ǿֻ
һ
˵Ҫһ˵˱ֻ͸ԷȺ䳤ϰסֻ
ʼóء
ǸȻֵҪҪһ£ʹ
һһ˵һиӵ޹ڡ
Դӽ˿ңֵɫͲ̫á
ʱĶǸһ㱡亹
֣
ϣԼ˲ԣǰһסֵ֣ŷֵָѾ
Ҳ֪ܲãԿɡ
Щ㱵˵
֣Ȼ󲽻صܷǰ
˵ģһַһַпȫ˽ȥ
ડ
Ȼǿܷ䣬ǰֱӱˡ
ӱ֮һʱȻˣǹֱӶ׼ڲ
ɳɳɳɳɳ
Ȼֵ֮⣬ܷ޶
һߣֵɫøӲҰס
͸ϣļؿһϤӰЦ
ûƭɣЩõľ
¸ѾΣͣòȴɽº͵ض˵
ƺΪĵĳΪ䶯żôһ£ϵı΢΢Ťһ¡
ֻĻþѡ
ֶԼ˵
Ȼô˵ԼŶԷԼһģһԼƤð͸°ȫ컯˳̬ӰǸеȫ䣬־嵽ҪŻ¡
µǣǵӰӿȥ͵ֵʱֵ۾߷һ˿Ц
ŶõģʼҲ޷ܡʵҲûô⡣
ܻϰߵġ
˵
㡭
֣
һѹֵĺȻĤֵһǺȻһجоѹ
Ȼϣ
漴תͷӰֵĵطȴѿһˡ
ǡ
٣
ԣѾվܷǰڿеʱתͷֺϣ˵


104 if߷3  ɲ
ñ
Ŷ, ôҲ벻ԼȻһϷŵöá
ǰһƬǽԼþȡ
ϸ˵Щûо֮ǰĳªֿ뿴ԼȻһ뵽Ǿеڡ
Ȼʼʬʱ, ֻûбŵ֨ҽ, Ͼǿȥĺܳ󡭡Ȼ̬ͬ, ٶӵմһߡ
ʬ涼֮ǰСǳԷʱµ˿ڣɾ, ǹںʵļǻֱм֡
֪Щﵽжǿ, ϾѾʯͷƴ, ЩļךȴȻȻ
ôֶҪҪɴˡϾĹ۲, ЩǳԹʬ, ʵҲûĶࡣ
׳ǻֻ˺ǵؿ, ǿ฽, ĳЩȥ֬Ĳλ, ͬģҲ׳ǳˡЩڹךڵļĻó
Լе㻳ɡ
̲סѯһȺɵ׳棬òĳʬؿͺжɣһԻػζŴ, ҡҡͷ
û
ֽ͵
ǣ졭˷ԡ
ƾɫ趨ĸ츳ܣûѶ͸׳ǵ˼
Ҳж, Щڼךڵһ£ѵļӲךҪڳ˵ʵЩòʧǵʺɱ¾ǽͶǰ̬֫, ҲһɰӼך޳
, ڽ֮, ԱȽڲ֬еĲλһꡣ
ȻʬѻڳѨ, ȴʳȱʱٳԡ
ȻʳӳļڣЩʬ塣

̫Ѩ
ôĻ԰ÿЩ𣿡
˵
ؼʱ̣ȥȼߵǱøá
ֵĿǶȿֺӿЩѾʬǯ·֫Ǿ;ѿ
Χһܿһֻʬҵ˳ֵĹߡֻС۵ļӲַ̣ǳɵؾֱӰѵļך˿ȡ˴޿ŵĵɫＡ⡣
ֻҪȥЩʣʬ壬ȡ⣬ǿȥ񻹲
ǿԼ۾ҪĵطֱֻЩǯӺ;޴֫ԼЩڵϾ̬һϺзŰ˼ѵȡ⻷ڡ
üʬ֮
ʮؽЩԼʱʯͷϡ
ֵ뷨ЩóԵĻӦþ͸ϵЩһӦǸԴ༦ζ
û뵽òײſ˷ϰȡĹ⣬һ֮󣬾Ȼ֥ʿһڻˡ

ֿ𽥿Ҫʯȥ֭˾ҡ
Уǻ˺ô󹦷Ÿ㶨Щأ
ǿҵĲ£֮ǰĳӼ̣һĻ˿Ķ
Сĵسһڡ
ɳɳġ
ġ
ҡʡ
ֱּ֪ôֿĹ⡣
ۿɼ֮Ǻܿͻʧȥˮ֣ǳζһѾðе㽹֥ʿЩԭΪǽĤĶȺͻĳ޽ӽ̵ƵڸС
ûס˺ü֮󣬰֮ǰĳ̵֥ʿٲһ
ʱе̿ڣֱ
һ߳ţһĵװԻɣϷĲ߻϶ʳߣϾ֥ʿ̵ƼqϺҲʳˡ
ȻĺʳԪضѻŹֵϷֻǱֱֹ׵ζ׼С
һûס־һ˺Щӹ⡣
ȻһԵģʿˮ
ˡ
ʯϾþߣֵĽʳЩûһЩ֬˻С
һʱ֮䣬ʯͷѨ硣
ǿĿֵ˷ĨĨ죬̧ͷŷԼĳ̣˿רעؿе⴮
ǵģΪûʳߣʮָɴ֮ǰֻʬϵļȫһڳһڹ⣬ֱӾ˿⴮
ڣ׳ǿѾ΢΢͵⴮Ǻڴ
룬ֱӽ⴮ݸЩ˺ۣȥͰ͵׳档

̫ȷ⿺ʳҲʺ׳ʳãĿǰЩСȻʳ
ţǿȥĺϲ
ҪϺüڵ⴮̹һڳˣȻǱΪǰδеζ𾪵ôȫ
裿⣬ʲô
ⲻ*&amp;&amp;ζ

ֻһǹ֡
ʱҲ̫ϸ֦ĩˡ
ЦС֣ʣµĿҲݸֻ̡
ȼܵͣȥҲЩ׳ǣһû
Щ׾شڴڿĸ׸ǵʳߴߴʧˣȥѾױʳ
ֿһӲţ̲ס΢΢̡
Ͼ׳ɢȵҸУֲÿ嶼Ըоõ
еɰ
Īôá
ˡ
ʱֺȻϵͳʾһŷ̵ֳĵȼȻһ΢
Ȼ
ָ˵ģϵͳĵ
ϲ㣬ԭ֮ĸʳͨĵһԼЩ޵ᵽ֮
֣
ȵȣͨĵһˣ
ǶϷ趨᲻̫һ㣿

²۹²ۣҲóԼϷȻһȤ
ϵͳˣڵ֮й˸ֿʳι̺ϵͳ
뵽֮ǰԼȡĽЩԼĳѣ˵Ǽٵġ
սսؽ㿪һȻһ
ϵͳظĽ㲻ǳѡţԼҲû׼ôຢӡ
񡭡һԣעǿɵֵһη籩Ϯ
һ߿ϵͳ壬һ

ٿʳҡֻҪֲʯ֮ϣɻùգڱҪʱҲ伢Ƿ籩رⶼһЩʲô
һθĽȣһϵͳĶƷ񣬵ϸĶ˽ʾ֮ȴЩ
裿
·Ĳԭ⴮׳̧ͷרע֡
籩
ǵͷȻɫصس˶ѨԶ
һ̽ʱ򿴵ɫƣƺøһЩ
ƶ翴ȫһǼҪնˣǿҵѹȸֻǿŶе㴭
һԼ״̬
ܺã״̬еġˡ
ζжʮޡ
һ߼ʵʼϷӦ̽Χ硣
Ϸ߻ƺڽǿпڳʼѨ֮ڡ
ָô籩Ķڼȼʱ伢
òҪӭӵսʲôȫڷ籩мִɣ
ֹô붼е㲻̫ˡ
ֱʲôʲôרע۲Զƶ˵ʱƺһԶд˳
ţϵͳͿʼһΣһ˲ĺɫ
ķ籩٣Լ֮ǰ취Լѡõ˳Ļ
˵һμѵսףˡ


ֵŵ̲ס¿ģʽ
һԾ£ſ½ǵĵʱ
а˸Сʱϵķ籩Ϯ
һΡΡ㿪ϵͳйǷ籩ѶϢbugɲϵͳϷǸӣеʾԵޱģֻǷԼܶŬһص
ǿԳҵǿ籩Խϵһг
һ
һ

֪ΪɶԼ֮ǰΧһܿȫǻҰһ鲻ˡ
ÿһʱϱᱬԹƽĿҰ籩
ڣ֣ϾҪˡ
˲down
Ҳ֪Ҫǳװãȴ籩Լǲܹ뿪Ϸ
һ˲䣬̲סеҪԽеϷˡƫƫڴʱ뵽Լòײŷ˵Ⱥ̡
ϷҲûд浵ťԼǳȵϷʽµ׳棬ҲСֻһ˰ɣ
֪Ϊʲôһ뵽Щ⡣
ʱ򣬶ѨƺһЩĶ
ɳɳ
ɳɳɳ

ͷһ
·ӵԼ־ֱӳ˶ѨڿЩڻζĳӼӲ֮ǰ־ͺѾ֪ʲô
֮ǰСǻӼɹˡ
ԭʵĳӼѾһִӲǣ͸ӼǣؿӳӼĳҡΣβء
ܿ죬һֻ֫˳ӼĶˣȻǰ֫ȫ̽ӲӼֱ˺
һֻа˸ߣϱ鲼̺޻ƣһҫ۳ľ޴ǰ
衭
ģ·ĳֽƵ׼֡
һŵĸ۷ƽ˿ƵĹ⡣
ƿǺĵһۣ׼ȷҵ֣Ȼ󷢳ޱеغ
ţţšҲȫӼɹǰһض˺Ѹɰմߵģ
ʱͬգֻڼСʱ֮ǰֶֻ棬ҲҪŵ
ڵڵ㿪󣬿ֻСֵֵȫϲ
г̵Ĺһùʬ׳Сǵǿ̶ȼǵı
˻˻˻
ֻûüˣһںоͷһ˵ʡ
ְߴϵͳƿʱͱѨĻ澪ˡ
һšȵȣڸʲô
Ӽĸߵȼɳ棬ڿаͷĴǸ߸·̽ʲôᵽ˿ڷ籩Ϣ֮Ļ̾ͷá
ֿʱǼֻߵȼ׳Ѿһڵ׳水˵ϲҸ߸ߵؾצӡ
ƫƫ˰֮⣬еĵ͵׳涼һûκεֿ
籩
һתͷ֡
ǻۡĸס"]
̫ˡ޷
ͬһʱ̣ǰϵͳƺе֡
ֺȻһƺߡԺȻһİļ䡣
ǡĸӦеĻ䡣
ޱȸЧķ
ϯĿ񱩷籩ٵʱһӵ׳潫ԼѪ߼ó䵱ʳ
ϾΪַ籩ȫһϵķ籩ʱʵ̫̫ˡ
ڼ䣬˵ӦԼĳѨ籩ƽϢ
Ȼֻĸʱʵ̫ˣûüԼĳѨҲûнñӻ
Խ׳ǽԼıγһϣԶѨΪŬػס֡
ǽܵڷ籩бסԼĳĸ³ɹĻã
ңǿγɵıռǳС£Сǽ׳Լʳﱻߵȼĳάֽġ
ôܡ
˶ˡ
ϷĻҲ̫пˡ
ԣн
һ
Ȼѡźıעɫȴѿ
ĶռʮСעʾֻֻڡĳ˵˶ߣϷ߻ƺҪϵԭʼɡ
ֱѡǱסǿֻֻġ
ǳΪһֻɹĸĿ顣
ʲôЦ
ֿ忪૵˵
ϵĹص壬ȻԼΧǼֻ̡
ֹɱ¾ΪСǶԵЩꡣ
һǸǷ΢ʡǲģֿɱǡ
Ҫ衭"
谮
ôóԵģδƽʳ
һѾǳǳˡ
ҲŲ밲߼أʲôģò˸ӳȴڷ籩ȫ˷
૵˵
ѡһַ˾ڷ籩ͷ˵¸أ˵Լ
ּһ·籩Ϯʱ䡣
˵ǼȻѾһˡǿӦҲڵذɣ
С˵
ڵأ

ӺڵĶѨȻޱȳ֡
СѾĳ֫ȷʵǳǿ˵Ӳʯ飬ǵͬ־ǰȥƶһ㡣
ܿһĵѨ
ԼСĵάԼǰʯ¯
Сڲͣھضͬʱֻռ̦޺Ұæиʬ塣
ֵҲûٽȡֱżךһͬ濾ð͡
ʱţֱֵ߶˺ü߸߶Ĵǿ⡣
Ѩ֮ɫҲʼۿɼٶȲϱ䰵

ɰʯϴӶѨڴ룬ֻҪ΢Сģ¶ƤᱻоɰʯѪֺۡܿͷԼѾܺ
ֿһۣʱаСʱɫѾֲָ
衪
һֻ̳ǰͼֵ硣
Ϸļ˻ʾǰѨ
ֽõʳﱧڻڳ̵ĴӵʱڳĵѨ̶̼·ѾĿ紵ҡβѡ
ͷĶѨڿϮ¿ʼ˲ɰʯ¡
̧ͷһ۶Ѩ쳣
ʾгǶ˵Ѩ֮УȻ㿪壬㿪Լ֮ǰȡ
һһĻɢȥ
һ֣ã˱ڳĵѨϷ


105 
ܷ䲢
صǶŴĸɲϺͻ, ѧıǰͷȥͷڷһ̨״ƽƽ棬ȻȥҲ˵;ֽ
óڻʼʱǹ⻬ĽӦʮֹƽ, Ȼȴһ˪ƵذĤڻǿȥǳϾɵļʱԼǱ, ϸָ, હɵǰšֿһļʱһ֣ʾ̨Ѿ˿ʮꡣ
ʶؾһ̨ΪϾɶ˹ϵ, Ͼɲһ̨ҡҡ׹ưĿôʱ, Ͼʱ˿ҰеĻѾΪжͣ, ·ʱɢܡ
вΧĻϽڲĦ, ֮ǰоƺжڲץ
Ȼ, ϸع۲̨ʱ, Ȼشһս
Ǹоһոմӱѩѵ߻˳ı, Ƿ֮ǰѾð˼Ƥ
˶ܿ, 𣿡
ֿڣЩƵس˵
һԼĶȻȷڳг, Ǽֻ׳涼ͬһ̨ŹֵĻȻϵͱʢˡ
ַ̨֣Ӷ˵ʮ졣

Ŷ, ̨ԭܹܣеĻĲϿ֧ʮꡭ
ֵض߷·˺ܶܶǰ, ѦңһȴĿ˽˰칫˵Ǿ仰
ѦңԸĮ, ˵ʱǴڻһı, Ȼ, ˵ʱȴһ˵øкͲȷС
ַĵʱԼֻΪ˽ѧԶѦңһЩѦң˽˰칫ѾҵʱƲסԷЩѻɽʵϺݡ
ҲǸʱѦң϶ﱧһ̨˵;ĹŹ
Ѧڣʲôõģ
ְΪΪ棬ûסһ䡣
ѦңȴĵضЦ
ʱ
ġޱ˵
Ȼ֪ѧѦң治ɫؼȥ
Ŀǰ˵Ѿ̨ͨͻʱͶһЩǳС޻ǴĿǰ˵̨ͶҲ޻
ΪѦң˵ʵ̫棬ֻǵõʱʾ֭ӲͷƤڻʵ
ֻͶС޻ҲܺðǲǿʱˣвӰ˵ġʲôԽʱġ
ʱֻͶݡ
Ѧң̧֣խҵİ칫ȻһרҵĻѦңָ΢ǰһƬȫϢӰĺӰ
ߴǿ׳ɫĽھǵʦһվ࣬סֵ֣µĺˮͶһŲڵСʯͷ
ʱʱͶʱѡʲôʱ򶪳ȥԼѡ񶪳ʯӴСǣλù̶ʱ㽫ʯͷ
"
ֻܵȵʱ䱾пĺЮʯͷھӦе֮󣬲ſ¼
ֵʱκģѹûзѦңϸ͵ЩԭϡΪĲ֪㲻ѦңЦѦң˵ЦԼˣڻ᲻ԼЩ̫ĲЦ
ȫû취⵱档Ͼ֮Ѧң˵Լоʱ·ʱôޱȳ̸
ǰ˶ܺΪʲôһԳִҸԭɣΪʱεΡμԼһˣб鲼׺޷ĳ塣һμһֱŬоʱеһУԼ³ɹҲͽ޹
˵ξʱѦңյĴڣԼһ̡
ΨһԿֻȦȫʱѦң顣
ңϵ̨ľʱ𣿹ҵҸȫĵط
⣬ҸطþСǶɹ˺ֻܵͣһ̨ԻѡңѾֹͣⷽоˡ
Ѧңضŵ޴룬ɬ׾ѧ˵
Ϊһξħһ㿪оʾˣ֮սң໥ŵĽֽ׶κûþͳ׽ͣѦң顣

֣
ϣǵĺֵǴǸģȵʵ
㻹𣿡
˵ǵؿ֣һֱʱֲŷԼ亹
ҪܣҲûа취˵Լܺá
ֵĺأ̧̨֣ܷ̽
Сġ
ϣҪֹȴɫصҡҡͷֹסĶ
ûκοɱ˵Ļء૵˵Ȼ̧ڻĺһ۵λ÷
ָ⴫Ϥ͹Уֵ·ͣһġ
۾ȷҲ֪ﲻ۵İдʲô
Ѧңǩĸ
šŬ콱ѧǶֺǸ˵ϰߣԼԭͻϣѦңǻλԼǩ
ңָеؿڷǣԻм֮ʶⲢѦңʵ￴һ̨
ӸƵĽͽṹе̨ͲѦңİƷ
ⲻǲԻ
ǳƷûͶݶ˿ڣڼѦңᵽͶͿȴʾɡա

̼¼Ѿʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǷȷӦǽҲ֪
̽ԵأĽ
üҪؿֱӱĳˣһ룬̨ȥʱɢܵУ˱ֽ
ЩֽſȥҲܾɣúһܻ촷ۡ
ȻĿֽĳЩѾɫۼĪأ֪ǲǱģʲô˵Ѫ
ֽϵּҲһּеǰ㹤ֻǵֽʱЩѦңּԵʲͺд֧֮ûһ˿άּ
֣ҺܱǸ
յҵѶϢ֤ҵļƻӦѾɹˡ
֮ͬǰʷ޷ıģһѷģͱȻѷıȥʱĺҲԼӦԡ޷۸Ѿ飬ȴ¿һȫµʱգѾԼ¸η֤һ㡣ɹĶ˿Ѿ˳ĵִȷʱ㡭
һΪѪ۶޷ϵּ
кüֽŸΪʱѷ鸯޴Ӳ鿴
סСؼһǿƵġż
Ӧһ㷢ѶϢ֣ұٴʾǸǵģȷʵƭ㣬ִôп֮ʱˣûеõҪȡȺѾռ˵ıݣѾȫݡҴѾܵ˵صףǸҵķ϶Ӧúܿͻҵǡ
Ѿսᡣķǳ壬ǣ֮󣬿֪ȺὫеԴӶȻҲսڼܲпᣬȴѡ񣬵ҿĻҾ֪ĳһ֧֮ϣĻ𻨲д档ѽѱɵƼȫһͶ㣬ԸǸûгʱܹɵػȥ

±
ѦңƴסԼĿвѪָΪѪҺ޷סеıʡ
ųԵھ򣬼صףȻǲңԶĺ
ѾҪûεִţܾͬ㲵Ĳµݸǡ
ǣѦڣȥ㡪
¿ѦңϿµ˿ڣɳƶʡ
ûʱˡ
ѦңɫֳһĨĻɫƽȵ˵ʱȥȻǰδеᡣ
ЩźؿԼֱ߼ªֽʲݵּЩǿ֢ƵܡѾûа취޸ˡ
ֱߵֽҲѾʡ
Ҫ˵ʱȷʵѾˡ
Ѧңһֽ̧֣ݵеʱС
ȻͶͼ
Ż˸ĵƹ⣬촽΢΢һ¡
ûа취ӳҲûа취ࡣ
ǣޱỴ̄٣ֻ
£ǸǿʱѾһʱտһ֮С
ӦûɣǺӡ
һţѦңһҡŽ忿ʱϡ
һ˿΢ЦԶǡ
*
㽫ΪһΰĿʼ֡
૵Ƿŵһ仰
һûסһ㣬ֽ֮ű˲ɢ
ʲô磿䣿
ɫѿ˵
һʱ֮ȫ޷ԼſЩżѶϢ
̧ͷϣ촽ϣܾԼƺҪ˵ЩʲôȻͷȴͷһƬհףʲô˵
ϣжġһжֻǻþ
ȻЩż͸¶ʵʵ̫һ㡣
һʱеԼΪȱɵѡͨʱصȥȻ֪Ѧңвп񾿾ζʲôǺȻǸϢϢصġ
֮ǰӳ伮ϿĹԭ֮ĸΥ֮ЩһֱԼʶϺͺԵξһƴͼƬձ⼸ȫںһ
ԼʮǰΪгĸס
ΪԼһУǳªɲԭʼγĴڣԼҲǣһܳúͺ
ĳ壬ΪжԳĸľԷӺֺö޸ĴڷʽղϤȺ塣
ӵ̬ӵޱȽӽϵͳȨϵʹĳ
ΪѦңͷʮǰġ֡ṩѷŲʮǰġԼһ֮ȺӵͼҰġĹ֮С
Ⱥ彫ԼΪԭ֮ĸĹŹΪҲ˴𰸣Ϊʮǰһʱеġ֡ȷʵǷܳ˳Ⱥߴڡ
̫ˡ
ûע⵽Լڷ
ΪԼĲеޱȿ־;㤡
ȥϸ룬Ϊԭ֮ĸġ֡ʲôΪڳĸףΰһĻ֡
ǵģһȥޱȺȻĻǡ֡Ҫ־ãԼֻԸԼڸսС
֣ţ㲻."
ϣȻֱ̧֣Լ
еһУԭ֮ĸһʮǰѾˡʱҲûǸʱҲãŶѾǹȥ顣
ǣҾ֡
֪ԼûԣʵǿҴӼУûа취ƺԼ
μһֱһֱμЩ顭찡
ɫ׵÷·顣
ȫһһе䡣
ţǰЩĺܲпᡪϣѦңǼһڵԶð
ϤִϣĻлתͷٴο˱εģ͵ġԼ
֮ǰĻУһֱöԷȥƽſֻϰά̬ǸʱյѦңʱ۵һֱ˸ĳֿɲ

૵ԼֱҪˡ
ڴʱȻһ
Ŷ죬赽ô£
һԭ֮ĸĻٴʧɵ˳߳ſȥʱΪԼһε׹䡣
Ϊ˸õؿסԨߣץȡҲ̴ʱǳҲԶʱڵĲƾսĴյײ
սѸ࣬յײҲƿһ޴Ļڡ
ڣڹ۲촰ģȴһޱȾ޴󣬻ԳƵոµľս
ǳźԨߺž͸Χеͨɴһڷڴڲзǳǿ﹤̷Ĺܵ͹ϵͳзɴ̶ȷλá
ޱȸӵͬһͨԿһЩģػţǵĶڽĳļ顪ȻǴʱֻһģӰЩõҲѾʧܶܶꡣ
Ȼ
Ȼսȴʵ˿µĵز
µǣЩӰѸˣĳйɵɫⲨսڱ˸
Ŷɡ
ǰһУ
赽ǲǻþ
֮ͬʱģһȻ̽Ļ
⵽ǨԾͨǨԾʱѿʼλԱ̶Լλ109^8

֮ĹܽзǨԾѾƵһֳʶ
ΪĿռŤǨԾĲȫʧЧǿǨԾĻû˻֪Լή䵽ȥ
ڣǨԾͨʱ𶯸ȴôʵ
ͺľһеľ͹ŴսвҼԷһꡣ
죬ǵÿ뿪

ȴԼȻɳƵؿ˿ڡ
Ѿˡ
һҫ۵ȻըκһǨԾʽȫһ
ϵսǣֱӽǨԾռ䡣


106 
ûκضװñ¾ֱӽǨԾ, ÿдڶܵػ淢ʱǿ󸺺ɣóǿҲ˲ԡ֣һӵѼ, ǡϣȻȻſǶѪĳڳ忴Ϊ, סͳΪĳĸ̵ıɡ
, ֻ޷˹ȥ
ְΰѵ״̬Уֻ㱼·ֻص˺ܾ֮ǰһ졣
յȵԴ뷿УֿѦңΡҵİ칫, ȫϢĻǰչ, һڵĺǰƽʶ
һ˫԰׵ֵ̧, һŲڵʯͷ, ֮С
һθʵȫһǣͶǸСʯͷȻ䷢ֵı仯Сʯͷˮ֮һͬϢ֧
һѷĶ޷ıʱ, ȴԿһոµʱա
һ̾Ϣ
ǲѦң
ȻתͷԼһģһ˰ġ֡ɫĮȻ
ġ֡ǹ͵ĸԼȫŤΣʱֱּվһš
ʵһֱ
֡˵
̫¶ˣҲֲ̫ˡ
, ǡҴӹϵļе֪, ԭҲӵйһ, ǳͿԵõչˡǿΪϾʱǻΪеĵطȡ, ҲԽֽ԰ĵط
ǿԳԺܶණƻˮ࣬ǻ󡭡
Щ˵䱦ĶǸʱ˵ϰΪһС

ҼΪҿԸıһСǣͷҲŷһһȵģҵ硣
߽һ˵
ĳĸֵͫڣǿնǶۿ֮УһѪỺš֡۽¡
ĺؼҡȥ¸һӭļҲûϵ
ҺúڡҸͲӢۣҲȥκˣһжսɡ
ֻؼҡ
һַ̣·Ҳˡ֡һУֺܵ嫵ľҪʹ֮
ʲô
ִϢţһԼ־ʵ
һС
š֡İ侲ĻӦеתͷ½ĿͶǰĺ
СʯӲϱͶӵΡ
ڲϷ֮УЩСʯӵˮֳ֮һһ֧
Щ֧ʼ֦Ѿ棬Ǻܿµ֧Ĳϲĺһžһ֩
ͣ¡
ֵĺʼü١
˵ʲôԭ򣬵ֿǰ𽥱ûҵһУеһݵĿ־塣
һַǳǿҵģԤС
һжˡ
ͣ
ͼֹǸ֡ǣĸֻǿһֱۣ˲䶯ܡ
ֻؿı֧Ĳϳ𽥷ĿĹâ

ͣ¡
롤ţ۾
֮ȸеıǾʹָоͺǱ˴һ٣ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһ񾭶ʹ֮С
ָоԼͷǶҪѿˣͷѣѡԼѾ𵴣Ȼ˵ҪŻ¡
ԭһǿԼ塣
ҰһƬģ˱Ҫöʱ䣬ֲŵԿԼΧ״
״ֵ֮ĺһ͡
ԼΧȻһ
ͨġһҪ⡣
Ϊ˿̵־һƬƽ̹ĴԼƵĵ֮ϣΧʲôûУԭڵԨߺţдǳѾȫӰ
Ҫ˵һֱػߵġϣԼСǡ
ѧһţ
ŴӵվϺǵ֣ҲʶжԼǷٻ
ǣûеõκεĻӦ
ɫһƬҰס
ڳΪĸ֮δй顭ԭһֱʶߴߴ¸ͣСǶЩ֣ȴʼ޻
ַԼʶ˾ԵУʲôҲܲԼĿֻš
ùƣ룬ȫʹֻޱİҹŹֵķɴͽ޹Ѱǵټ
ǣʲôûҵ
Ҵ֮һս
յĴգ·Ѿ޴ԳһС磬ﲻҪ˵ϤЩڣɴĹԱֻͼϮǵĵ˶ԽǻԽǲ
˰Լ䣬ַõǹϡ
ŵʱأ
˵ԼҪڽꡣ
ּһԼ塣
ô˵ָҿ϶ǨԾ֮ǰϣһԼߡ
Ͼ£СϣԼĳסڲܽһЩ΢Ĳˡ
ֻζԼֽţأĻʼָ
ֻ˺ܳһʱǿҾ޴սҵڣ֪Լ˵һʵ൱õһ
߳սһ˲䣬ּǰһоˡ
һȫߵ
ֻҪ̧ͷͿԿգ·ʱ׹߿ž޴ǣЩϱ鲼ۿɼѺۡһ㱡ƮֵΧһֵζϸźģ͸ʡʱǻͬ͵һϸ΢ӦЩ͸ʼܼһУԶɽԼϿȣֻڷǳٵһЩطۿɼĻңǼǿʯĶȥҲܸоʪҺ
￴ȥֱĳ־޴θ
Ǳ޾޴󻯵ĳ峲Ѩ
Ŷˣ泲
ڲԶƵǡ̫£һж˱ģƵ΢⡣
ƽ֮
Ժ뵽
ΧԳĸĽǶ۲Χʱᷢһж
ʪǳʺϳķܺûйã־Щͬһʴмڶڵڡ
кܶ࣬鲼档
ţЩԼѡһڽ볲Ѩڲ
ʱ򡭡
ټ衭
̫ˡڿԡ衭ؼˡ
ҡҲǹԺӡء
һ
ʶȻ΢
ִһսȻתͷȻ𾪵ؿڲ֮ǰԼԽ˴֮ĹӱԵִĳĸսʱѾָʼʱĲɣģ
ʱ޴սֵǰ³
ַһ͸Һĵ棬ʵһƬƽ̹ľ̺ŦǲһĴڴӷɴ·սϣҽս
սĽɴ֮󣬴ļ׿Լϸ·ڲṹ¶
ϢؿǰһУڷ֣ԭ˾޴սҲһֻ塣
͸ŵ˹һģһŵ˹ҪӴࡣ
ЩԼղǼսģѾ˸ľսĻԼ־
ʣô˼ѵó𰸡ֻĬĬؿĳ壬޴ս峲Ѩɡ
˻
ƺʲôȻһΣִ˸սȻ˹
һѳǹתͷ˶ķ
Ȼ־һεؿˡԼĻӰ
ֻһĳĸ֡εøˡ
òԭϸֻ꣬ϵĲǿά̬°Ѿȫ廯ͣѩף壬ڱС뻳вſж
֡͡һֻӴĳ壬ȥ֮䣬ޱȹ죬ֲĸߴ壬ȴͻأǶһ˵ס
ȫֱͣΪ˰ĸж˽ʵļ׿ǰء
Сػšĸ˿̾վֵ࣬Ŀȴȫûп֡
һͬűɵս
۳ͷĴζš
˻˻
Ŀð˼˻˵ЩȥңԶģˮĹһ
ⲻĴڡֻлӰʱ䷢Ƶ
ʱղȶйأĸ״ʵ顭
ĿǰδʵʽǡΣա
ʱ˺ѡ
ܾվӰֻֻ࣬ǿǿ׽һЩؼۡ
üͷؿǸ֡վĽǶ۳͸¶ֻƬҲԸо̬ĲȻһеġ֡ȥȴĮȻ
ûϵȥͺˡ
Լһޱƣ૵
֡ϷһĻֱӴӵתΪ˾㤣ۿѾ͵͸̶ȵġԼĸڣжҵضһ¡
űƤԿѾ𽥳εĳѣţ༷ѹţڡ֡ﲻš
ǰĳּҪŻȻΪĸġ֡ȴֻ΢΢ü·ϰϷ䡣
̧֡Լµ۳档
֮ǰͼȰ˵ĸ׷ʵĳ壬εش˳˳ӵؽ֡øһЩȻɿתų泲ȥ
٣ȵȡ
ʶسšԼȻ֮ǰǸԸԼɽĻӰȫͬǰġ֡ǵĿͶڷ֮ʱȴʮֿն
̲סǰ˻֣ԷûκηӦȻûп֡
İһ㡣
̲סšԼޱĮȻ˵
֮ǰõЩϢһġ֡ԼѦңƭһʱգıʷ̡
ȻΪԼһȶеá
ҲΪѦңЩǼãֻ뵽˱İ취֮ܶ֡һֱڲϵʹʱͼصԼʱ档
ϣѾٷһ޴ĺƽ١
̵Ļƽ֮״ݻ٣һƬŻӰԼʱյԨ
ڡ
ţԼʱķ϶һʱƬ΢ĽſԿ顣
սɵĳҲһˣʮǰġ֡Ҳˡ
ʱռʱĻƽ֮ѾһƬҡ
ֻ۳ѵ֡ڽһǳΣյĳԡ
ֺǸԼҲûͣ֡
ĵװĥŵ飬Ҳûʱϸ˼̫ãΪԻӰĸ䶯Ƶƺֽӭһε
ֻ嶼û
Ȼ֪ȥֻȻȻظǵĽŲ
лӰĴ·ڵޱȾ޴ҵ·쳣ӵĳ泲˳ǰУУʱʱҲῴһЩӰӡ
ʱƬУЩθϤִĲһԸӻζҹŹ֣ܹڳ泲ڲ۳Զڸߵȼͣǵ̬Ȳ֪Щ¼յִ͵ȳġ
ҡ
ʼһ޷ݵıŰϢ
Ѿǳĸġ֡ǵʱԵޱѱֻǿԸܵѪĿֲС
磬ҰӽƵ̰ķԼ
ʱĳƺĳԭʼԡ
ڵĳĸһֱΪЩӰĴڶս֪ԼЩڲͬʱգҲ໥ֻǶĵȫ
ǴѪųЩĴڣ֪ʱĳΪӭϡĸסѾϵĸı䡪ھܵϰԼ̬ɱǣ̬ȴǱªֲ
һЩϸƤͷϱ鲼ȭͷСʱʱػᷢϸʡ
һֻڴڵԼղ޴ĿöԷȥͷ­Ѿȫѿĳȴ޳ģϸĸ첲ָ

ŻӰͨ泲ڲڰеĹâһֿںڰзЩĺΧһгֳ񣬹Źֲֶա
˵泲ڲһͷβجΡ
Ȼʮǰԭ֮ĸ֡ȴܳ˺ܡ
̲ס˶Է͵ĸ֡ŵȴϰΪֲһս
˻˻
Ȼ䣬һ
һ׳еģΣպ󷢳ļС
ʶͣ˽Ų࣬ڳ泲ʲôҲûп
ɾһ˲ķ񣬵ֻعͷʱطǰĻȻ˱仯
֮ǰĳ泲ȻҲԵôڰɺôһЩ򵥵װóǾġ˹
ڣǰĳ泲Ѿ˳ͷβ泲Ѩ
벻ĴǰһС
ƣʪ󣬺ڰ
ʵĴ鲼ʱʱԿһЩȫεСԭʼڷ϶
Ҳûпκͼ̬ĳ壬ͨджģֻһֻһֻªֲĳ塣
ǿȥѾִûκιϵ
ûа취ǵ̽鵽һ˿ǻӦеϢ
̽ԵչԼʶӹǣΨһԸоģȶʢģԭʼıܡһУȡԴȻĸ䵮ȺŵԶĵطȡԴ
Щ˼ά򵥵㣬ҲΪ򵥣ǵԭʼѾʢҪŻµĳ̶ȡ
˼忿ʪϡ
ʱһĺȡ
˻
һֿԿ϶ǲԼĴ
׳ʱҵĺĸıܣܿƵسķȥһԲεķڣ˼ֻεŻڳ塣
ÿһֻ忴ȥ׸ߣǵǲǻһȺӵһִ˾޴ѹҪ˵Ǵʱζ壬ڴá
Ŀвϴ󡱵ľ׽
ǵĽűߣɢѿǡδȫ׳ʱֻһŰڱĤеŨʡֲ֪ʲôҲΪȼߣҲֻΪζǴ󣬵ȷǣЩɳ濴ȥĳѷ
ִֻŻΪ˱Լ̫ӰѸԶⳡԭʼ硣
ǣȴһѳУһĨɫ
ڸߴɳűߣһСڼУǰ˴Ǹͫ΢һ۱㿴ЩëĽֳ֮֫Ѫɫ
һĨɫӳ˲䣬ָ˲ȥ˼ʲôʱƬʲôͬ޷ʵȫƾűֱǹȻ۶ȻȺ塣
˸ߴӲϣϸϸ̣ǹǹЩһٵĳ壬Ȼë
ĹȻʵʵֱЩϣ
һ֮ͷƤˡ
뵽֮ǰԼξǾһŵġ֧Ȼ֡ʱգʱգȫûԤ׵غһ

ַһЩղסеǹ
ؿܵԭڽʳЩĵĶתǸĿ䣬׼ȷϡ
˻˻˻
ֱ֮Щĳ忴ȥӸߴˡ
ֿǼ׿ЩΪǳӣ˿ֻšеǹȻ˵˳壬Ҳ׶ơ
ʱڱͬʱҲȷʵǿˡ
ס彩ֱվԶЩš
ԼҪΪĳָ֮һ̵顣ǰ⼸ֻʵ̫ͼ̫ҰˣȫֻһȺѣ־ãԼ޸֮ĴƤЩ˵±ȳѻóһ㡣
ɾ־ֵʱЩܵ˹ԭʼȴûѭԷ֡
ЩضͷĴ룬һһؿʼظϵϢǰĹ˵ȫǶԳĸļ䣬ǣϵζȷȷʵʵǳĸеġ
أЩӡڻһֱռϷ硣
ǵֱתΪ룬һͿԸõչ¶Լĳ򡣻мֻ۳ޱȸɴؼ˵δȫĳѣǶԼ¸ڳ˴ҺЩѰУżõġСĵصݸ֡
ҺĴڣеȳζŨأֿƴչ¶shengֳż̬۳棬ɫҰס
ʵĿǰӦøе˲ŶԣβԣڳĸϢض˵Ǻõġ
ֻǸе־ֶġ

̽ԵؿʼʶԷ
˻
ֻ۳ǻţȷĸûлӦ֮ǲò˳ֵ־
ǴۿɼĲĻ뿪˷ҡ
ȷ뿪ϥһЩڵء
˻
ĺӰʱ򷢳һϸСʡ
ִһ飬ǸӰ˹ȥ
δ־ѾˣȻ÷ɪ˹ŷǳӽѪɫ򣬵֮ǰ㱻ɳԵֻ׳棬ȷʵ÷ɪ˹
Ϊ츳ֻѪ׳ԼֵܽҪø죬Ҳѡֻϧȷʵ⣬֮պþ˷Ⱥڡ١ѵĳɳ档׳ڳɳĹ»ûл֮üͷŵϵС׳棬ӶԷޱصֻһֻ׳žҪԹˡ
Ϊһʱյֻͣ׳ѹ͸ûκιϵ
ֶԼ˵

ʹ
׳ɵڵϡ
ǹ֭ӿ֮ǱӦɿն֪޾壬ͻأس˶ҵĸ֪
ԭų۵Ĺ뿪ʼԾ˵ٶ޸
׳ѵ̧ͷֱؿԼӰӡ
ǳĸ
еı̾ͱϳ˶Էݡ
ֻʱûκȥȡóԡ
ֻ֪ģε׳ΨһܼסģǹɺŵϢ
ϢñӦԭʼ֧䣬ֻ֪ɱ¾ɵоͬ඼ᵽʺҸ

ҪܾúܾԺѾΪǿĳŻһе֪
ԭůģޱȻϢᡱ


107 
, ޱȻԻ͵ĳĸѾܾúܾˡ
ϣɫվޱȸӵĳѨڲͨڣΧͨ˴۸ӵĵ, вԼͬðͬжϡ
û׼ǨԾ֮, ϣ㷢ԼһŹŹֵĻ֮ϡ
ǳտյģ֮, ̣֣ʧˡ͸һֻҲòʼ̽ΧĻ, ǲûлþʶԼгΪ֮, Ļƽ֮ڲ
˺ƽ֮, ʮʱյĻƽ֮ޱȾ޴, ޱȿռŵķϳԭ泲ڲṩյûйдڲͨݴ롣
ṩʪȺ¶ȵҲѸɺԣ绯¶˵ײʯϣʱԼ֫ļʯĦһһͨ죬, Ե
Ҳûô
ѹ⼤Ļ
Ƴһߴĳˣʮֽ
Щ׳ҲʧˣǸֵߣֲκΣաҵ˼ǣЩСŪңƬпºгܹͻǵİΧ˺֡
Ϊһ۹ͷͨ, ûл̫ʱ֮ǰϢ, ʱżЩӰ, Ŀǰٵ
ʱմҵǺڲͬռʱ, ǣҿԿ϶һҵġ
ð󼸾仰˵öЩ
ԼĴԱڷɴʧûκټοںܿ˳泲ڲ
Ҫ֪ʱ泲ɲôž
뵽ÿһ񾭶ýģҲļˣȴòӲͷƤƴ˵Щνİۡ
Ϊܵϣױ
Ⲣ˵ϣʱڴ󳳴ֻʧʵڷֲֻ֮Ϊں϶;޴ĳʼձžԵĳĬ侲
ԽԽǸе¡
Ŷ찡ѾûиܹˣȴòԼںϣĳĬܹڵ۹֮ͨ²׷ֱǿ󣬶ֱһֱԴƴǿ컵һֻûжĶ󺰡ӡˡ
ϣΪ۳ϢڳһɱŰҰϢ
ǿѹȸվһԣͬΪ۳֪̽ëǿҪһ΢΢ʹ
ڸղΪʱںϣһʱĳֶɲ뽫ֶ֮Ϊ塱˳˵Ĺȴһ˲֮ͱϣ̽ʳ˺ƬЩжбֳļȿ񱩣һë
֪ϣֲܿ
Ĳ֪ϣû֮ôֲ
ȫһ̨ʧȥ˼ʻԱĺȻڣ֪ϣʲôʱᱬըȻԼͬΧһг׻
òʼԼŵİ˵ô࣬İϣʼձžԵĵѹͿֲУޱڳ泲֮С
һʱա
ʱ䲢ûоκŤת޸ģζΧһжʮ볹׵ĸ࣬š
·ϣϣʬ壬ÿһʬָ̬ͬȺȺ֮Ȼڵ죬һ۵
ڽʱѡ֧Ĳ·Щλڲṹϴŵķװܿڵʱʵ
ĺöġ
˳߿һֻȫ¿һ˿ۼĳʬһ졣
ղżֻ壬ʬԿóĴѾ˻ˣСŵʶֻ­ڲ䵱һ
Ͳǳ壬һſɻϸ
Ѿܿ͸ԼĽۡ
ϣûκ顣
ĳЩȥޱҰĳ֮⣬ͳ泲ͷڵʬУ࿴ȥִ弸һ
ǿִ壬ֻøӶӡ
ΪЩʬ忴ȥȫһִָɵӣеûֻ֣Ϊʱ΢ֱӻ촷ۡ
ѾɱʬɲֵġЩʬ忴ȥѾǧꡣŶ֪ЩСù䴳֮һöʱյƬ
³ӦûЩҡ
ЩִʱϣǳĬû̫̽ࡣ
ΪĿǰЩһѸ߼豸ȴֻܻһƮµʬ壬ܾܿ˵³
˭ܱ֤Լ֮ʱƬ﾿ʲôأ
ȵȣ
Ȼ䣬ͣ˽Ų
̧ͷĿĽ䣬̽Ƶ£һŵɫıʯɢ˸Ĺâ
ʯǰһ¡
ǻ֮صʯЩӽʱȻݳ޵ֱʯװⶫѾһˡ

ȻСĵĽʯͷŽԼİ
һϡ
ؿϣɵʼ硣
٣֪ڿɲⱦʯʱ򣬲ֺܻܿϲһֱϲɫ𣿡
ϲɫ
ϣڿˣʵ
Ȼ֪ʱЩԣһϣʱĹŹֵı飬̲סеһ泩
㲻֪𣿡ÿסԼĵ⣬룬ȻȵطʵΪϵأ
ϣֱؿģ
ȻʱᵽܶΣǳǳϲֽӽɫĵɫ˵ǡ
˵ǻ뵽µıĺˮ
ϣ˻ͷ
һ£֪
ߴĳֲϢһȥ
Ӣϣֳһ˿͵ɫ
ϣ΢΢
ϲĲʯͷ
ƳһСķñʯĵط˵
ʲô
ʶҪ׷ʣɾڴʱҲ֪뵽ʲôϣǵЦݺȻʧˡ
ֱΪȫ룬ǲҪټ׷ȥ
ֻʼԸ泲̽
һСߵĳĬ֮ջûгס
ԣȷʵ÷ɪ˹Ѫ᣿ǸΪ㱻Ⱥ淴ߡ㵱ʱΪֲŴġŶñֵô£ʵ̫ôظȷЩϸڵʱ΢һ´žܲ³뷨ʵóռ鱨ѶϢءʵ㾹Ȼ÷ɪ˹飬ȷʵȫû뵽

ðɣʵҲû뵽־ȻйһΡҵʱΪѪȺıأϾв԰ֵֻǰ֮һΪûгһ𡣡

ӦҲо˰ɣȻȷʵѾ˸ı䣬ǣֱȻΪԼһࡣһ𣬽ƺ̫ͨ𣿡
һ֮̽µ˵Լʵ뷨
ҿ϶ϣҲ˼Ȼߴôˡ
԰ֵĹǲ԰֣ҡϣһһ˵ǳ壬ҡ
ңҲ
ϣĵײһ䡣
ϣ뵽֮ǰڿ˵ϣʱϼᶨı顣
Ϊֵ࣬ʱɫȴ΢ظǰĳصһ
ôȷһͿߵ
ؿڷһɬ
ðɣ֮ûκ⣬ȥֻ뵱֡ڵݣ绹ڳ磬ûκ֮ذɣѾЩãڳɳ֮ҲҪܶԴʹƬأǽӵкܶ࡭
ҪʱԺëȻ
սԶԶڴֱӦԡȻǹֱӶſƿһĺڰ΢УɫӰһ
ȫա
ҪٴοǹʱһֶֻȻ䰴ǹϡ
ס֡
ϣ˵
˳ϣĿ⣬δ˲ԶöС̽ͷÿһ˫ɭض
ųһ亹
ԣԲ𣡡
ŵغ
û뵽ǡ
ֻ׳ǴѹȸԶԶɳ棬ӦһҲᡣ
˭뵽ֵĺӲء

ϣûĿֻš
һʼͲ˺ЩСǡ
ڸط꣬ϣעֻһ¡
ǵأ
ϣǰΧһȦȴʼûвֵϢ
ؿȻһ
׳ǿϣʱʧͬʱ
費أ
ôôҲ
ζζǾû衭
ǰ㶪ء

ĳ̶ֳ˵ϣڵһ˲䣬֮ǰһֱǿſֻŵ׳ǣ׽Լľʧ뱬˳
ǵȻϣܹʶʱƬı仯
Ψһ֪ǣֲͨдϢϢȴ÷·ǺܾúܾǰµġҪǣôϢҲʧˡ
ζʧĵطǻ˺ܾúܣûҵֵټ


108 
ó
һ, Ⱥߴߴ޺СԶһЩ
㣬ΪʲôҾִΰķǼһʱ;ˣܹԼԸ̫ˡ
Ե۹ͨ治ɫķѾʱȥȴеɫһ뵽Լ֮ǰȻǱһȺ޿ļһ˵ò, Щӡ

ЩֻĸпϣͶޱ
, ҵ˼, Щ̾Ȼͦϲġر𡣡
Ҫ֪ĳ׳ǾԲ󵨵Χ£һֻԳ۳ߵġ
Ļ, ϣĿһЩ
ֵá
ߴޱǿ۳浭˵
ܾԼһȺС֣Ҳеһɻ
׳Ƕ̬ȷʵ֮ǰԵĲһ, ҲȷʵϣЩ޴롣
ĳλʧȥȱʶ۳ʱûʶ, ׳˵ϵϢѾ仯ˡ
Ϊ泲еȼ͵׳, ۳Գ֮ϢСʱСǸ֪ϣֵζ
ϣǵġϴ󡱡
Ҳֵż۳档
Ѿǡ衰϶İ¡
泲ѭ򣬼Ϊĸ֭ڸ涼ྶͥСҲĶɡ
, ڳǿϣ̾ͲܿصΧȥ
ҪϣѰҵʼյġĸס
ޱֱ׶ӿϣǻζһ¡
֮ǰ˵, ᵽֵζ
˵
Ȼһ˶ĸۡ
ܺã, ̴ȥζʧĵط
׳Ƕϣһ´ǣȻ, Ƿǳ˳ӵתʼϣ·
ۡ
𾪵ؿǰһĻ
Ȼ뵽ʲô, ŵϣ˹ȥȵ, ʵѾֳϡЩСһҲȺġ
졣
ϣޱ䵭˵
Ǽ˹һ
Ŷ찡Ϊʲôῴһֻһ۳棬ʵ֮ǽһ΢΢뵽ݣĵ׵ľ㤸Ϳ
ޱ΢ڳ泲˺ܳһ·ллǲûϸʱѷ죬Ǻܿ͵ִ׳̽鵽λá
ò˵Ҳһ׳̬СʼձŶԳĸϢԣпĻ̽ϢǵĿǰЩζǼǰġ
վһ֮ǰͨûκ֮ڣƴظ֪Ҳδ̽鵽κֵϢء
ЩСһûҴط𣿻˵ֵʱգ
˵

ϣûлش
תϣֱǽڡƬ̺ϣȻֱ̧Ӱ˱ǽϡ
ꡪ
Ӳʯڸߴ֮ºܿˡ
ʱţͨһηǰ
⼸ֻСֳȥ׾پͰǵ˷ſڶʯͷȻŷԭӦһǳС͵ķҡ
Ȼڷ̮ʯںܳһʱﶼճҺǣ󼸺ڻΪһ塣
£ִ弸̫ܷĵط
ôġ
ʵ
ϣЩѾǼηڣ̲סʵ
Ĭ
ϣµ˵

䷿ûбʱӦĳַǳԭʼģѵķҡ
߽ȥʱǺܿڵϷ˴ѵѿǣԼü߳ʬ塣
Ž뷿ʱһ˲ɣϣ׼ȷҵһǵĳȻʧ
ϣԼ񵽵ĶСطġ
֮Щ֪ʯʼ⣬ϡǵ׹ʱ
һ£ǡָҵĵ׹ϣҵľʲô֮һֵĺ
ϣˮ
룬ǵġ
ĴָĦŲȱ׹ϵСףֱƵ˼Ŀֲٴοʼӡ
*
Сһ
һ
ֲÿҲ֪ǵӰֹ
Ȼ˵ڵʵҲѷֱǾõӰӣһʱԼڷƵ
ֻСӿҲ޷Ҫ֪泲УԶֻһֻĸմȾϢֻ׳ΪǸãᱻ嵱࣬Ȼһ㱻˺顣
üͷɥļһ
ֻƯ׳һ֮һֵһʱƬ
ϢԼһƺǵʱߣѷͨڷǳҲǳȫֻһСʱѸٸϵѨĵ̨
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôֱܻкܶʶܵõ
ȻҪƽ·ƺע޷ɡΪֻƹһ߳ʬѣͷԼƺһµʱڵ㡣
һǱȽϲһ֡
ŵһɶ
֮ǰ泲ĵĻҳζͬڹά±ζҲһڵŻȳζǳѪҺζ
Ǳиķѵĳʬ壬컨ϣǽϣմĩڳ泲ڱµ䴴ҲȫûϣճҺϴЩк»г屻ƵĶԭޱĶѨһ㵭ģƵĶ
Ż
סڱǣû³
תɳеĸ֪ʱγ˾޴ĥҲûֱϷĹ˳򣬰׻γܵȫչ֣һᵽɾĿ֮žԼĴԻָת
ʣ﷢һҵս
־ڳʬ֮仺ǰȥ
̫ȷԼǴĸʱҲ֪Щɱĸ嵽жǿԿ϶ǣλ֪Ȼڳ泲˷ǳ޴˺
ΪԽǰߣű߶ѻʬԽ࣬ȫʬɽѪеһСÿһʬ涼ʣҲûӷϣңĳֱָ֮еһ˿ӣѾõЩ֪޾ĳγɺ纣Хһĳ泲ӿ
ֵţڲ֪ǰ˶֮ͣ˽Ų
ǺüĽ㴦ҲγһڡĿ
ٲȻ泲֮ڵĻ߽սλá
ڴп˶ѻɽҪѴȫʬ塣⺣ĳʬУһʬ壬˲ֵע
һֻޱӴĳ塣
ӲдЩך͹ιҲǳ£ʬ߳ʬҺߡ
涾𣿡
񾭱ʬûѪ⣬ֻʣ˱Ĺļך֪ܹڶʱ˲ɱ˶ģֻгڲзĳֳ涾
еǳĳը߶ԵĳԼĶǰ΢ͻͶ·ʱ򣬿ֱԼڲĻԼĶҺһԼΪֱͷųŨȸ߸ʴĳ涾
ȻȫһɱʽĹ
һǸť䵱涾ĳԼҲͬҰĵֻһ
ĲǱģֻʬʱάŵ̬׺һƬȫĿ´ڣǰһ̣ȴԼ΢ƺڱʲôһ㡣
ֵ֪ΪʲôЩ죬֪ȫȴħһƲסسǾʬȥ
̧֣СظǾ߳ʬĹǼܡ
һ죬ѾΪ涾ʴޱȴļךǼܣ˲ֱƬɢʬɽ֮ǰ
ŷ֣ڳʬĻУһСӰ
Ŷ졣
ֵǾӰϰŵս૳
Ȼʽеİֻһ۾ϳԷϴŵǵս
⾹Ȼһࡣ
ֹ˲æǰ˶Է״̬
ţϢѾ΢ˡ
ץס˶Էĸ첲漴ΪԷֱ۵СľһݵüֱһδˡæҵĴ˶Է첲ϵսնϵͳƾŵѦңĿľ飬ֱƹ˸֤㿪͸˽Ƴ
һ΢֪ԤڲľλѾãԭ൱ĸֵҲʼ
һ
ŶԷӰԥһ̲֮ס̧֣˶Էͷ

һ룬ǹڱֱӵֵĲϡ
ֻʱе
ųһ亹
٣ȵ࣬ûκζ⣡
æ
ࣿ
ԷҲԵúܾȡ
ǳɳƣοȥҡҡ׹Ȼ׼ֵǹȴʼƽȡ
ôܻࣿ
ȫʽͷһ⣬ͷʹֵʶԷɨԼ
㲻ࡣ
ȻԷ˵
ȵȣҲǳ塭㵽ʲôˣ
˵ĺܸӡ
εؾ˫˵
Ҷûж⡣
˵
Ӧҵġ
Ȼ䣬ǸȻֹ
ûüԷѯʾĸʱգͿԷ΢΢ͷס˵ɢҳƬľ޴ʬ
ֻ¡
Ϊֱӵ˵ϡ
ȻͱǸƣҴϢţԭ˺þá
̧֣һСƣ̽˳ͷǡ
ǣ˳涾ʬʵ̫ڣ̫ڴûǿͷǣѾбѡ
Ķ˲סˡ
㣬㻹𣿡
ֿޱݵıӰʵ
һǸ쵰
귢һʵĵૡ
Ϊɳƣһȥһ
ٴվʱֲŷֻԼĴ
˵ɣ˭Ϊʲô
ʾ͸֮ǰһƽȱ䣬Ϊ֮ǰʱֲûйûô䱸ˡ
ǰ˰塭Ѧңıѡƻѡ
ͫ΢ҲʶѦң
ҡ
ƺ뿪ڣһȴðһ档
Ⱥڿܣ
ֱԷһקסȻֱӳһ˽ȥ
ʵöԷѣҲ֪˳ȺĵʼһֻΪԼ֮ǰóĸϢǵ֪ǣһ־֪Լˡ
Сҵʶȫһ֮ǰδγɳȺ־ĸҲһһγӿĳʶޱȻǿңֻǸǽʶӴҲоֿµľȾ
һۻֵӺҴּܶҪʧȥԼĿơ
ߡɱ
ߡɱ
ɱ
ɱһУ
һֻĸ־һԭʼ޵Ұܡ
ȵķֳĿȫݲκγʶĴڡ
ͷʹѣʱЩԵڵء
ѿȥ״Ҳ൱ʼ֮ĲҲ
ǳȺȴԾ˵ٶȳϮ
ɳɳ
תͷЩججĳ塣
ΪȷЩ忴ȥǳε롪ֳ֪ĳδֹ
ò˵̬ȷʵһĽ򣬳һ׶ҵжޱѸ٣Ĵڰвϻζز׽ų泲ڲԼϢ
顪
̧ǹѾҪðͷȺ忪˻һҫ⣬ͷŵɱõһ׷˲仯űŨĳʬ
ǣ֮󣬸ĳԸӿķʽز
Уܲˡ
ȽŷԼλͻս˵
Ը֪޷֪ϢȷЩȺѾԶԶֹΪ߶
泲Ѿĳֿı
ֵġĸʶ嫵ļ־֮ǰֱòһ
ÿֽӴЩʱᱻǿµԭʼϷɡ
顪
귢һöӵ֮˳ֽǹһߣȻ̧ͳذס
ʲô
˵
޷Ǿսһ̡
һԼȺ󻹿ԵõȻ
ɲϣ鷢չһ
־ʧĴھ֮ʣĿȻһ

קסλʱˣֱӳĳ˹ȥ
һϢӿڸ֪ˡĸϢ֮󣬿ƿһǽͻأظֳһѿڣȻ󣬽ֺսʿһͬ˽ȥ
ǳķҡ
ΪҪķܻأķڴͨһγ˹ϵ
ھ£泲ڲɱҲԲӰ쵽ҡ
ڵһЩᵽϢֻᰤٵеķҡ
ֶҧгݵ˵
ȻͬزҲûвù
һںڰ΢ػӦ֪
ѾĳЩͨ޷ǳȺѭζĶ
̧֣˰Լڶ࣬ĳѡ
ﲻΪ˶ܣΪЩ֡
˵


109 
ְֽЩѵĿ, Ȼ۾
Լʶȫͷ˳
͸ڷɴϻСʱֳ࣬ŽԼеĿ־뾪ȫݸڳ˯ǡ
Ⲣһ׵顣
Ȼ˵ЩѵĻԶȵСЩҪɻʯĳҪǿö, ЩСʶȴǳģһ硣
ǳٶ۵ģҰģȫԭʼһȺɼ , ֳ׷ſԼľ֮, Щѻں̵ܶʱھ˻Ӧûеʱĳѿʼ䶯, űǳѷ졣а˸ߵľ޴Ѻܿͱһһ޴˺ѿǾûзȫβޱҰ, ֻǰһֱ΢׵ؼף·ĳ֫ǿƿǶ֮Ϊɪ, ֻˮһڵżš
ʲô
Ŀǰ, жһЩʶؽذ׶׼Щ׳棬ȴֱקסĸ첲
, Ҫǡ
˵亹
ҵã˺㡣
ã㵽˵ʲô

ʱһϡ
һָ, Ӳĳֿƴ, һ۾ֺ޲ιȥԭʼ, ǰ֫˺˷ҵıĤ, ǰ̽˷ҡ΢ĸ۶˷ڵ̿ţһǵ
ٻͬʱеĺ
ֲµɫһ䡣ɾһ룬Ⱥոշһӵ׳ǣȻޱ׺ݵسų˹ȥ

òҵߵĳȺһǰδеĶ֡
һȺոշڶ׳档
ڳɳ˵׳ƽʱԵĿʵûʲôͬͬСͬ㡣ƽʱǳԵЩȴûгôѸ㡣
ûпǾ̴۳Ĺؽڴڴ˱Һ
צӷǳ޷ɱǾԼסԷ屻ɳ˺֮ǰŬԷֱӽ

Ȼ˵Ⱥոշҷȫ׳ڳ泲ǰҪǸɳʱ䣬ǡþָӳȺΧܵΨһʱ
ĵקס˶Է˷ң׳֮ǰĲҽСһֻֻҪӻצӾͿһɱֻշ׳档ǰȴʶʶк
衭
衭
СǾȻơ
ǰ־Ѿ֪ĳһ׳汻ɳɱǵЩӦǻ֪޾ĳΪҪȿֺȥʱǸеһԿƵķŭͱ
ͷóģֲط֣ԼܵͬʱȻᡣ
ÿ
ĺǶÿ

֪˶ãһĵطͣ
ϥǷȫǿǿվڴڴ̫Ѩʹƺһֱ˿ȻЩ׳ǷʡȻ귢һѯʣ
ôģ
֣ҲԸоԷʱľ־塣
ֹ˺һŻ
ΪҶ˵ĸס
ĸԭǳԡ
ֲЦ˵
ĸסȵȣܹȺĳΪĸ׵ģֻгĸŶԡôܡ

㵽ʲôˣ
Էһηѯʡ
һŬʹѹȻתͷ˶Է
ʵֻһʵ¹ʣҡ
ȻֹΪǸʱѾȡսͷ
ֵԼһģһ˲͡
ǡ֡һʱյģָӹٵġ֡
Ѿڡξο̽Էֻ벻ԭһﳤԼôСôᡣ
ôԼģ
ָе˲˼顣
ܿ죬ϸںпʼա
ܹΪҰĵ͵ȳŰ£Ϊش泲ִ໹˭
ֻпǡ֡
Ǹ浽㣬ΪֻҪԼһ˾Ϳָӹ١
ȵȣҪȥִǸԽ񡪡
ȻӦ
һԼʱʱյѷȴٴγ֣ʱ佻ҲȻʧ
ҲֵһĿʱѷõȫ̡
롰֡ߣԿдϲĲ뻳ɣɶԷӰǽˮˮʻһѸٿʼɫ䵭
ʱ̣ʶسŶԷ
ҪѦңƭ㡭
ִеǸɱԵǸνصȥɱĸ񣬲һͷβĻԡ
ͲҪȵǸ磬㵽ֻܾʮǰޱȹ¼ŵܷ˵ĥһֱܾԺ󣬲ŷԼ֮ǰеʹͼֻ֣ޡ
ֲ֪ԷǷѡ
գۼ䣬֡Ӱӱ㳹ʧˡǰֻһտյѷĳ泲
ڼǰԼԻˣڻصʮǰ
ָеһѣܿƵڵء
ڰУŷһжԺвģȴ֮ǰǸռͷ˳涾屣סˡ֡ľ޴ʬ
ƯĳѾʴԼѹûзǾʬݡ
֮ǰμЩƬУ÷ɪ˹ͽݰִ֡ʱҲá֡ǱĸҲͷԼȡˡ֡һ
͸ίɴѧΪ˱Լתȥĳһģһƺһʱգ÷ɪ˹ǻͬѡ
ѧ
סԼ죬һƬʪ
૵غѧδԷ
ϣܹ̻صѧߡ
ɾʱһ˫ֺȻ̽õֵᡣ
㣬Ǵء
һ˵
*
ϣ侲һ㣬ҾЩǿҪŵˡ
ڳ泲һͨڣЩŵ
Ϊһ۹ͨΪԼҲʲôСĳ棬ڣȴе㻳ˡ
ǵģĿҪܲ˴˿ĵѹˡ
ϣ˵÷ɪ˹ѪᣬȻһ̨챩ߵغ⡣
ЩʲȡΪһŶʲô׳棬ȥҲܵϣĸȾÿһֻȥǿҪ׷ӡ
ԴӷͨѾķѵĵ׹к֮ǿȥͬһģ
ԼҲļ٣ǿΧȺѾҪʧȥǵĳ壬ҲòǿԼ侲
ɲϣԼĪһȺʧصĳС
ʲôĻӦû﷢ֵʬ壬ڶѱ泲ˣûпκβк֤һʱƬһš
ֹ۵˵
ȻûеõκεЧӦ
ϣԹԵسǰţʱʱͷΧͨ״
֪ҪǰδֻԼоһƺ𽥿޴Ѩ
ʱϣȻͣ˽ŲСҲȻһ٣ͷĴǡ
ϣ
񾭡˳ڳĿ⣬ŷֲ֪ʲôʱͨĹսǴ߳һӰ
֣
ɾϲغ
ɫ漴תΪǡ
ִʱϴЩİսɫޱȲҰףϱˡ
óѾ˼㣬ʱֻܳͨһȳһޱسĳȥǿնġ
ʶҪȥԷȴֱӴǵӰӡ
һʱյӰ
ǵطһ
֡
ʱϣ˵
ߴؿǸԼ˼˵һģһɫء

ظһ顣
߸׼ȷ˵Ĳʱյ֣Ȼ쳣ƣϣڵһʱܵǵĲͬ
Ŷ찡˵һʱյǸ
ĴǶͣ
ʼľȥ֮ܿͷӦ˹ӦþȥɱԭʼĻĸָӹ١֡Ŀǰָӹٵ״̬Ȼô
֪ȥ飬ʱϣǸڶһ֮󣬻Ѹٵظ˶Է
ûв´ʱġ֡ȷʵҪִԼ
ȷ
ΪȵľƣߣƺѾһ־㱵״̬
촽Уһֱﲻͣظ
ȷͶʱȷ
Ѿȷȷʱȷ
ֻҪɱͻʧסʧ
ĵĲڵִľͷһޱȿĴȻڲͬʱյǰ
ǳĸճзӵ̨
վ໹ִĽǶطȥޱȶġ
δܱ鲼ϸµĻƣϸ֮¾ͻᷢЩƶضڳճҺڸɺ֮ĺۼ
ڴϷʬ壬гģҲģ³һԼķʵʵڴڴϷԱʬʡ
ЩǳΪԼĸ׼ʳ컨֮⣬һһŸոմӳĸųĳѡ
һȺһȺʶ磬ϵĵͼ澮ȻزϴӸͨðѷɢ˵ͬķڡ
ڷм䣬һƬ͹ƽ̨
һִֻҲδ̾ϡ
ȫû̬վϣĽǶȣҲֻܿһӷ׶͵塣
һ˿ԿһСɫϸ
Ǹ˴ѵ͸ȣĳСüֱ˼顣
޿ɷϣȷʵһֻ۲۵ġĸƤҲԿĳڳĸڲϲÿһСԿĸ䶯űһһѩ׵ĳѲųͬʱæµݵĻгĸĸߴ۳档
һֳڱѡ棬쳣ĸߴ׳
ÿĸһѣṧ˳ǰȥԼĸṩԼһֳַҪֳϸ
Կóĸʵ̣ܶʱᷢĽͼ룬ֻϧӷ׵ĸԶ̶̨֮ϣô롣
棬ʱʾ˵ġ
ͷͿĸϹճҺȻԼıסͼĳĸ
Ȼ󣬼̵ڳĸעֳϸ
Ǹνȫ޹صĻ档
һнֻΪ˷ܡ
ųĴѻᱻ漰ʱߣʱ򷽲Żĸϵ۳Ȼһ
ǳĸΪŭΪѶڼЩе۳ͷ­
Ҳſĸ

̨ϿµһĻûֻ忴̫á
Ϊǵע޿ɱؼǰ֡Ӱϡ
ҰУϣʮǰӰǸޱİġ֡ɫƽشذס
֮ǰеҩѾ꣬ڵΨһܹʹõֻĳذס
ʮֽǲңͿҪɱĳĸɱ
ǷѾ죬ʱȴԵ쳣桪
٣ôĲʲô֣ȣȻһ֣ȫȥ
ϣš֡Ӣϸֳһ˿
֪
ߴ˵
һôãȻ·֪֡ʱ뷨
ŶԷǳزԼάϵͳõģ飬ǿиװ˳ذ֮ϡ
֪ԼӭʱʵǸ˵ġ
һȷϡ
ʮʱգϣĬĬؿһȷϡ
ذΪܶЩĹģںܶʱɳأ̶ըǡ֡ҪõĽ
ʱȷꡭȷ
ֱ֡ؿ̨֮ϻγªĳĸϵضԼ˵
ֱϵĿ壬ڲֵĵУ֡е˷ҩȫע䵽Լڡ
Ȼذ׵Ŀء
ʮ
˳ȥ
š
ʱһֻݵӣֱӵ˳ĸı֮ϡ
߸̧֣ȻֱӴ·һֻª塣
ˡ
ǿ׳淢һ˻ĳ֫ԹŹֵĽǶֱӴˡ֡׾پͽг˼롣
귢һƺߣѪȾ̨
ߡ

ƴȫԼϰذ̵øһЩ

۳øֱǷ˷һ㵯ţͼ֡˦̨
塣
Ĺ֡ʼѪĿɢ
ġ
̨֮ϵĶС
ǲ˼ˣ巢һİ
֮ǰһֱĸȥȴ쳣ƽ

ĸ忪ʼ
ȴһʼųѾõĳѡ

ͼĸȻȴĸֱƿ
֡ؿųĸ˹صͷŲԼؿڵذס
ΪȺڳ֮ĸȻ֮ǰĸǿ
ֻҪһ̧֣׾ٵؽذ׳׵һߡ
֡۵׸ֳһ˿
һ
֡Ҳסذ׵ĵ
ָӹٲȱǫ̈̄ٿȻ䣬֮ʣ촽ϣԼƺһ˵֡
ͬһʱ̨̣֮ϣĸʱȡؿڵڰĳĸȴֻǾصͷڵ˫ͫзذ׳ʱɢâ
ôһ˲䣬ϢǰذףֱѴＫޣذﻯһСȶĻȻը
һҫ۵Ĺâ˲̨
ͬһʱ̣СǺȻߴ
裡
ϣɫһȻ̧ͷޱȾط֣ʮǰָӹٴɱԭ֮ĸĻȥ֮Ѿı̨֮ϻһϸӰ
֡
ϣȻչ˳ֱ֡ʧõס֮ϣ˫۽գ亹
ڻ״̬۽ȴͣȾʪա
ⲻǡⲻġ
һֱڲϵط߽
*
֮УǰһС
صӰǰɿӹ޴ӿӰоʲôֻڷǳżȻĳ϶ֵԿһݵƬΣЩƬҲһĻ棬ǵضĳ泲岻ϽĲҰһֱڷҽУĳв˰Ļ֮
ָеһǿҵĲʡȻûа취ֱЩͼ񵽵״ʲôȴܵؿʼһС۾ͼ㿪Щ棬ȻܿʶЩͼ񲢲Ǳ۾׽ģʶ
ˡˣ
ֱͷ־вĵӡ
ƺиһֱڸҪȥ̽ҪȥϸЩ״ʲô
ȻЩȻԴԴϳӿ
ͷʹѡ
ڣ޿̵سӰӷһ
ˣˣ㵽Ҫʲô
УȻֵĻӰ⧲صʵ硣
˰ġ֡ǰꡣ
̾һ
Ψһϣ
˵
۾һС
ӰĻ·ӵħѾޱȿܣǿƲס۾
һģȴһƬʬ
һһʬѵһÿһ߶ȫһָеޱϤ
Լ
ҷ˺صĴ󡣡
˰ġ֡˵
ǣֵһһԽ˶ѻɽʬ壬˱̨
־ڿӰһʮǰָӹ١ֽ֡λڰĳĸɱʱĳ
ò˵ǳȷʵ൱ҡ
ڱը֮󣬼ޱǿĳĸҲһۻࡣųĸȥ泲ʼһƬžžǾԵĻҡ
ԭڳĸ־²Ϲ᳹ţʳԴιĸҷܳһ̵ĳ壬ʱȴͷӬһԭزתԭĲ֮ͬʼܿƵػභɡ
ںܾúܾǰзǳ֤ݱĸĳ֣ı塣
ԭ֮ĸƽؿԼĻ棬ֶ˵
ĲͬȺ֮ŷǳǿĶ־Ϊĸĸ֮ǰһֱģ˵ֻޱƽĵ͵塣ֱȻһ죬ǵȺгһ࣬Ӧõĸ汬ǰδеľkֱĨг΢ĸ־廯һ塣
泲ʶ
̲סӦ
ԭ֮ĸ˵ͷ
ûһֻĸ׵˳Ⱥ֮Ҷÿһֻ嶼Լ־졣泲ʶжֹֻеkȴⲻһ
еļʶﶼһַǳԭʼıܣķչάϵһȻԴгĿɿطΧڡ
ھʱ򣬳泲ʶȵһӸ߼ƽ͡
ȻֻںΪڰĸĸȴȫûı֣k·һеģʼ߼ڲԺһֱͼ乵ͨȴȫûκλӦڵk֮󣬳ȺͱϸһʼܿصزϷֳţڵ涼Ĺ֮֫³׸
kҲӦ֪ȥkȺk־Ҳ׻
ĳ߼뿪֮ǰ뷨跨ȡһʱ㡪Ǻڰĸʱ㡣Ǹʱ˶ţֻҪȷصȷʱ㣬ɱڰĸ뱻ˡ
ԭ֮ĸһ̾Ϣ
ǣǶˡ
֪Ѧңƭ㣬㲢ûиıʱ䣬ֻǿһȫµ桭
ֻش
ˡ
ԭ֮ĸתͷĿ̨֮ϡ
ĿУʮǰĻӰڼ֡ˣ̨·ƽر˫ۼȴǰһӣЯһöƻĶȴֱӷ⡣
׻ֱӴѹռбͷų֡ڹĻ֮¡
޸ϵͳԶʼá
ǣֵ̫أΪ޲ص˿ڣԶؿʼѰΧΪ޲ԭϡ
ԭ֮ĸؿЩһĳĸкֽ˴ŨܵҺעָӹٲȱȫ֮ڡ
ôܡ
ֲ˵
ּ֪޸ֻͬнУܽ޸
˵ͬʱְѳĸʬ峹׷ת
еĻﶼںС
ΪޱȾֵؿֻªΣĵĳʬϣҲһϤ

ҷµĴ󡣡
ԭ֮ĸǰѾظĻ棬дһ˿Ȼ
һ˾ױ֮󡭡еʱˡżҲôһ̣ϣһж׻𡣡
*
ͬһʱ̣۹
ֵͳ濪֮ǰ۾
𣿡
΢΢ͷʲôһ㡣
ͳޱȹĹ塣
£ǵģ֮Ĺʮ֧ӣһ֧غ
Ŷһ֧⵹ǱҪһ㡣ңǸҴʲô
￴Ϊ죬΢Цһ¡
ͳ뵽˴ӵı棬Ҳɳһ㡣
£ԸѽʱĵĲ ءһ£սľؼһ䣬£֮Ը߳ĸۡ 
Ļû˵꣬Ѿָ̧⡣
ҲǸߵȼĸ壬Ķ֮Ȼأת˲㻯˵һŰŨ
ꡣ
ｫʳָ촽ǰѾȥͳ˵
鲻Ҫ˵ĸ˵ģЩ˵ͲӦˡ
ǣ֮ŹĻϴӷı棬ֲϲŤЦݡ
ֻһˡҡҡλεվ֮Ľš
Զܹµõ겻̨ԭ򣬲Ϊķ񲣬Ϊ֮صķ䡣
俴ͨķûκ֪ͨеıеֻһ̨ƾͨľ޴
еĲȥеĲ¾˾ĵĴȥȴɳֳһϾɳ¸Ϣ棬ԿըĲҺۼʱУЩۼ඼Ѿ޸
źСؿ̨ĲƲȴƽȵת
Բ״ĽʼתԼԼأԭһġԲڲƺһӰζһ¡
һŲ԰׵ģ˵
Ӱֻ˷ǳݵļ룬漴Ϊĺƶɢȥ
޷λʱ㣬롪
޷λ꣬롪
Ļϸֳ˲Ӧڳַ
ֹصЩ棬ĿȴȻ̰ѾտҲԲ
·ֻҪڶ࿴ۣٴοա
ãʹر۾ͷ˽ı档
ĸףûϵģֻҪٵһ
һ㡭
ܿ죬ܼܿˡ
롰ĸסһ죬۵Ц˳


110 
ⲻġ
֪Լʱĳ, ǸеԼθھΡ
־;ؿڲϷӿþԼеԼ, ԭ֮ĸ֡һС
ô, ôġԼΪϵѭ޷˵Ī˹
ͼҲֻøġԼøӱҡ
Ҫ˼
Կհס
ҸôҸôһС
̲ס˵
ԭ֮ĸȴЦ
, 㲻ҪһСѷĶѾ, û˿ٸıѾıˡ㡭رĸ塣
֡Լһģһʱ˶˵ͫ, ˸ĳָӽӽڡĽĿ⡣
ﲻʱѭ, ҪȥɱġĸΪ뿪硣ԣڲҪȥȵֻҪΪ־Ϳˡ
ʲô˼
սѾսᣬصޡ
֡ʶԼʲô, ʱĻӰۿԼһбĿʼ֪Լսһˡ
ǡҵЩ, һٵ˻ƽ֮
ᵽյ棬ԭ֮ĸľһ˿ӵ
ڱըóصʱΪģһʱڵвǻ, ҵԽѭ綼׷, Ѿٶ಻Ӧóֵʱ֧Ҳָƽ, ǣҵʱѾֹ, ޷ٸδκ顣
ֻؿ, Ǹڷ¸һĴ󡣡
˵Ǹ, 
ʵ
ԭ֮ĸ۽
ǰ, ĵģʺϳΪĺӣҲӦǸӵġ
ϵȴ̫̫ãʥʱƴճԭ֮ĸ뿪ࡣ
ȻҲܵĸסĻع֮ҲǸֻҪؼҵĳĸ֡һ
ʼϵĿ¡Լʥһľ츳ڵӳԼֻ֮Ϊһ£Ǵӻƽ֮д̳ʱ鲢Ұƴ
ѾΨһִ
ںδҲҪػĸסΨһֻлصĸסߡ
ﲢ֪ԸۡҺ棬޷ۡ
ԭ֮ĸ˵
ѾˣͬѭӦټˡӰֵգĹһ䣬֣ΨһǺӵˡ
Ҳ֪ңҲ֪Ƿ
˵
ԭ֮ĸҪȥô򵥡
޷Ǿʥ߳״Ѱĸ׵ͷûȫٵʱֳ֮󣬲Ҫٳκεʱѭƽʱա
ǣһֻѾ泹׷Ѿִ˼ļƻ
ô
ָеһ˿
㵱ȻõҪ޷ǱҵԼĸסԭ֮ĸĿԣɫޱƶĸһֱŶԡ

ԭҪһԼ˵ҪٿֿµЦˣǶˡ֮֡ԺкȻֳһµĻ档
ָеһӿͷ
ˣ֮ǰصʱΪ˰λ֡˴ĳѡ
Щѷ׳ǻȴȻѭָƴɳǻಫֺһԼӵһ
Щ׳Ǳɳɱʱֲûлͷ
ˡ
ʱ״ֻҪһ۱ȷûκһֻ׳пŰĳ泲лǣҲûлȥԭȷϹһ㡣
ǣʱԲϡ
־ʧ˵ץһͼԭ֮ĸ
ֿ֮Ҳŵִȷĵص㣬ʱʱиоƺиСһ𴩹ʱ
˰ḧһԼĸ
ɫȻ

ʮǰ
ꡭʱ䡭꣬ȷϡ
ѾӽԵġ֡ŹֵĻ˳ʧ֮󣬺ܿµĳ泱׷ɱ
ûǸ˵İһΡ֡ӵñ֮ǰҪǱ
ĥûг̫ãΪܿ͸ϵһޱĿռС
ǡͽ÷ɪ˹鱨УĸȷʱԼʱֵ̨ʵʵص㡣
ΪʧѪ֡ɫѾòҰףָ΢΢ޱشЯǿռѹе㲿ƴ֮ǰԲδԽͨʼת
űӦһԲת𽥸ֳ˰Ӱ֡һȻɫĳʱ˽ȥ
ͶĿĽʱ䣬һ⽥ɢǿбһ漴ֿ
һ̣֪泲ڰڣһֻǻѪ׳档֮ǰսҲ˵úأɲô˵ȷʵš
۵׳̧ͷǲϵ̽ſеϢڡˡϵϢֻ׳һֱ׷Ѱ
ʱ˿̵û֣Ҳûʶ
еֻһޱԭʼǿҵıܡ
Լ
ԼĳָͬһЩ̫һģ¶Ŀ
ͼ桰ĸסԣֻбܵ׳ԥسżɢʱͨ˹ȥ
*
һ磬ʶδ֮ʱӦĺӦƿǶ㸳ʹһֱҪõĿ϶һڲԾѰԼĸסǸƿǺһۿģĸס
ԭ֮ĸƺ˻䣬ȴ͸һ㱯ˡ
ǰʥߣԶ侲ֻΪòһ
֪Ҫ׷Ѱĸ״ң㡣һֱҪؼһҲʼѰԼޡ
ǣʵҪʹôҵķʽȥѰң
Ǻ̫ˡȾɡҲҪƴȥˡ
ǲһġǿԵõҸġΨһĿԵõҸġϣ
ԭ֮ĸ𽥱á
̧˫ۣӵסǰġԼ
ʱֵʶ𽥿ʼԼڸԭ֮ĸԻͬһʱ̣ҲԸоԼѧĻ
ǶԷԷ͸һ˿ŵĺ߳ǵĲѵʡ
ʲôЦ
һ͵س۾
ҪѲҪĺҽ
һץס֮˵ֱۣһŭʡ
֣
ϣͳ̣Ȼһ
أ衪
Ҫء

ֻֻյغˡӡ֣ԭ͵µĳ˲۴
ԣԲ𣡡
ϣ޴룬Ȼ֪ʲôȴǱܵصǸΪڽŶذֱøһЩ


111 
һСʱ, һ߰ԼȺܾȵ׳棬һŬԼӻþлعʵ
Լ̫Ѩ˺һų侲
ʲôʱ䣿
ʵ
ϣ, ˿ԼΧ, ԼȻ̨ʱشһսǰʵ̨߲ĺۼ, ׾Ϳжϳڵ̨ѷá
ǳļ²ѵıҴɱܽʮǰ
Ȼ, һ뵽ڲͬʱУΪ֡ĸޱȱҵˣؿڻǻ᲻ؿʼơ
㿪Լĸնˡ
֮Ĺֹط, ʱ䲢ɿ, ҵĸնȻ׵ĻڼȲڹȥҲڽ, Ǿʱϡ
һϤͨʱ䣬ƽʱһЩչֳطصļ
̫ˡģ̫ˡ
·ڿԴʮǰǳجַԼļ촽ϣڿظ
־δģϣȥ۵׵ڣ, ʲô
ǰ, ʲôҲһʵ, ڿȥֱǸմһ
Ѿ쿴ֲҰ׵ɫǲزһ¡
ı, ǿ˳Լǡ
Ҳ˵û, ȷʵմлֿЦŷһ̾, ĺָӲһСʯӣңԭ֮ĸҵһЩһЩЩ顣
˵

׷ֹ
ǳʷ࣬еĲʵԼҪִе񣬶ϵش
ЩԥԼǷҪһж
еΪ֮ǰѾȿڡ
ðɣ֪ڵֱʲôǿ
˵
ЩԿǺ˵
ıǳ֣ͣϣ꣬ɵ˵
֮ǰʲôݣʲôܿ϶Լϣָеһ˿һΪѡ
ֻһ£˵ʮǰλԭ֮ĸôλµûи㣬Ǹô뿪طҵǼ£ڵ
һȻЩɵҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪
Ļ䣬˺ȻһսȻȻת̨һߡ

ֵȻޱȼȡ
֪ڸˡ
Ļ֮ǰΧĳǾ壬ڼ֮ǰȺСһﻹڵȵ˻ؼҵСһټչҲô˵ϵÿһë͸ɺͿֵϢȴȻһģ
ÿһֻСֶ֫ԼǰһգգӵķϢɱ
ǸԿҲǳһһһڣȥ͸֮ǰһƽš
̽ûдӰ𽥸ֳɳɳ
ꡪ

ѾľڶʱᷢԵĦ
н壬ѱʴ䣬˵ζӦٴжʱȴʬǿնͫ˸ŹƵ΢⣬ȵʶڿִ֮ǰѾͬˮһӿ̨֮ɫҰ׵ĳĸ
ĸס
ڻˣĸס

ɣֹ
֮ǰ̽ѨƴѰֵʱϣûĳЩƬиЩʵ״̬Ĺ򽻵
֣ЩԼΪǻþʵޱȸӡ
ʮǰԭ֮ĸ׻ٵʱԼյĸƽ֮ڶĳΪ޷ûĸ״ڵصѾ֧Ļƽ֮һЩ˵ĳ̶ʱ㣬һЩ̤ʱ
ʱըĳڣƵ䶯ʱ֮Уձ˲ҲĿɱʱĳˢ֮Ѿʧȥ꣬ȱȫľΨһµӡǣֻбĸסľ
ΨһԸԶԶ͡ĸסһ
֪ǻ᲻һеذ

ϣرס֣չ˳̨һԾ¡
Ǳߣ
ָ̨һߵһ˵
û˿ԥһѸٵسָŵķֱȥ
Щľ״Ŀ̨֮ϣֲ̰ζ֮ʱѾϣĻʧͨһͷ
Ⱥòһ׵¡
һ·ϣ֪ʱʱǻǻһȺһȺҪֵĹ
Ⱥ˵ܹľ״ѾĳֶͣʱǵѾȫŤ˲󣬾ͺһŨصڵӰӣжѸٵճҺǿȥƫƫ˷ִ
Ǿϵļšĸס׷֣ƫƫʵеǵ˺ʮޡ
Ϊ㱻ɱֻ֮۳͡
Сһαֵø׺ǿһȺﾹȻҲͼԼᡰ衱֮е׳涼ӳһٶʮֵʵޱײе˺£ǲҲҪһЩʱָܻ
ںǵĻ£ϣĬܣһ·ֳųѨ񱼶ȥ
Ҳǲһ㣬Ǳø궯
Щ֮⣬ΣյǳѨ֮ڲϱ任ʱ䡣һС뵽˲ͬʱջ߿ռ֮УͺܿԶԹĳѨ֮ڡ
Һãԭ֮ĸƺҲȫûиְԴ̨ϾôҵĻ󣬻صʵеʱ϶Ϳռ뷢֮ǰĳĸӦ
ָ֮£նյرܿ˼ʱգͣеʱߡ
ڣĳʱ䶯УһңԶʱաһҲԼѵ뿪˻ƽ֮żص硣
ڼзɴĵطǾϲؿ˾ΥĴǳԨߡ

ǿҪûʱˡ
Ȼֺò׻صϤķɴһ˲䣬˿ǵϤӰӡ
ɫ䡣
㡪Ҫʲô
̲ס
֣
ϣסֵĸ첲˽ŷϣƺûа취ȻֵĻӰ
ԭ֮ĸĿϣͣһ£Ѿȥϣֳĳֽӽڡ㺡
ֶȻеһǿҵĲˬȻԼҲֲ֪ˬӺζ
ƽ֮ĴųÿͳһʮСʱҵȶռȶʱ䡣
ԭ֮ĸζƳһۣȻָָա
ʱˡ

һǳûа취ʱ뿪ڽ¾ֻܼʱﲻϴϣֱ˶ɸ֮ǰ⡣
飬Ϊʲô˵
ֱּ췢ˡ
ô֪һԼһ档
Ҳֻ沨Ļ꣬޷ʵκ顭Ҳ޷ѡҵĳֺȥ
־ԭ֮ĸƺֿϣһۡ
üͷ
Ǹˡ
֮ǰ˰ͬһһȻɢ
ţ̫Ѩдľʹֲг
ذϢ߸ϣͬʱ˷ɴĹ۲촰
ðɣûлӰѣҲԿߡ
ʱѷҪֱ䶯ˡ
ƽһ󵭵ҳʵĸֳ˲ȥϸĻӰ˭֪ǵҳ澿һʱյĹ

һ
ͬʱϣѾֱ˲̨ǰʼɴķг
ǳһʼ̧
Ȼڷɴݣɵ˲䣬ȴȻתͷ˵ϳ泲ڴƺһҵǹ졪
ȵȣ
ֲɵúͣϣ
ˡ
Ⱥ顭
ҪڷһϤĺС
㹷ġ

ѾĴȻתͷÿ˺üֻޱǱĴп񱼶ǲӿ糱Ķĳ塣
ǴǿαܿóЩڵЩȫ塣
Ŷ죬òǻþ
ɫ䣬·ŵݣųǿ񱼶Ⱥǹ
顪
Խ˿񱼵ĳļͷЩɲȺ֮УһƬҫ۵Ļ⡣
٣ŵûгԷ𣿻һ㣿
Ⱥ˴ش
ȻǴǳ˶óÿϲ
û˿ǿ񱼶ĲǱˣ֮ǰԨߺʧٵĵùԱ
ʵҲֻϣ˲飺Ϊ֮ĹĪʱ䵽һ磬űЮֵ˻ƽ֮Уòʼ̽ΧѰͬ顣
ǵ״󲿶ӷֿʱ䣬ȺѵصķѾӹ൱⡣ڣ˺ۣƨɺ滹һȺĵ⡣
ǵûгĳ塪
ĵظп
ڿ񱼵һȺУΪ׵ĳʮص£ȻΪǿΪѱŵӻƽ֮ӳʱŲҲЩġֱϤȺԭҵĳ巴ѾжȻŷޱ֮
ϴ󡪡
òǻþɣ
찡ϴ󣡡
ȵǣϴ󣡡

ѾǷ˻ǿڿյķɴһĨϲɫѸɢֺֻݣڵϵִ嶼ؼӿ˽ŲͼϷɴ
ǣǿ֮ĩô񱼣ʼҲܲȺԭʼĳȺ
Ǽϵǳǰʱ򣬺üֻɫ׵ԭʼȻһźȵǣȻһ˵˶һϱ
ҡ
˵ķѾڵ˲㷢˺
ͬطôãҲûдЩԷٿİҳ
ʱ𽥰Ҫס
ȻˣֶԱȺҰߵһ˲䣬ŵֱתȺֵľ޴Ӵһӵ
ҺĽ
Ѿҧסĳ巢һʹټлһú顣
ǼѸٵĴãݵͣٺѾ̱ĳӰΧ
ĽŲҲ
ƫƫʱΧĻɫѾɽϿȵɫһȥ
ƽ֮ĵͬһʱֳ̳޺ǰ״̬ЩԭʼЩɫʱҲ˲ʧҲһʱƬ˲֪硣
ϴ󡣡
ŵڳȺΧгŷɴ̧ͷ
ߣ

һ

ʶקס
վڷɴϣȵϵĳ忴øصʱֻʣ˷ǳСһ֡ȥ͵ͬڳ⡣
ҵȥǡ
ƽʱԵੲݣе٬۳תͷ֣ʱûІˡ
ҰǴطģҲܶǡ
˵꣬Ҫȥ
ȻǿȴûͬԤֱ·ɴͷʱŷԼѾֻ׳ס
ָܹӵȺ׳Ȼ֣Ҳֻ֡
֣
ɲ֡
ִʱɫǺѿЦЦ
ģ֪ġ
˵
԰׵漴תŵȺɲṴ̋ĳȺȻ۾
ͣ¡
ȺΪԭʼĳȺָ
͸֮ǰһѾγһĳȺûֵָһЩڸֵָ֪֮𽥷ŻӲҲûа취ſȺѾΧȦġ
֣ûϵȺԭͲʲô
һͼСǵ
֣ǵˡ
Ŭάַɴƽȵϣ˫ְڿϣעȴʼͣϡóеĽź͹עϣǸһ㶫ƵĺȻЩģ
ƫƫһ̣ԭ֮ĸ֮ǰ˵ǶλԺȴ쳣
һʱУڰĳĸڳ֮ʣֱĨȥи־
һԼ
Ƿ˵
ԼҲԣ
һ
һޱǿľȻײеĳȺʶ
ɱ
ȡ
أȻõ

򵥵ǿҵĳ泲ʶ˲ӿ֣һͱֵ־׾ٵسĨȥ飬
ΧѾĳȺȻֹ
ǵĶľӲ
صʱ䳹װ֮ǰһѾһֻ׽˴ǳ֮ڡ
ţɴڿն
ڷɴ·ʮǰÿһֻеĻƽ֮Ȼ֣֮Ĺ̽ϸ͵ı촥֫Ϸӿ衣
ĸס
*

ޱǱֵ̱ڵء
ϴ󡭡һΪҼˡ
л
سǰ˵
ϻż־δ
һ֮ǿķ緶Ӧлл֣ϾҲûܺ
˵
֣ղŵô
һ˵ţһתͷҪԼĸмʱΪ˵ضסͷ
ֶվԶӸտʼûл
۾ڿնޱ΢
һɭȻϢɢһޱİģĳ嶼ĪеսĿֲϢ
֡
ϣɫȻ
ǰСĵؼֵ״
ɾֵ̽˲䣬ſȻҧסϣ
Ѫ˿вӿϣüСĵػ˸ƺܹõԼѪҺ
һ㡣
̰ĳĸȵ̫ʱֵı
ȿȡȡ
۳ѪҺѸٵ˿θ
ڵõ֮Ȼ񣬶Լʲô֮㱻ԼǺ
ңҡԲ𡭡
ס죬˺ü
ȻȥǿָѣǷɴ˶ԿóĳĸȫÿطܲԾˮʪĺڷӦѪɫȴ͸һĨ΢졣
һֱڷңҪǡг嶼ܴĸɢ
ɢģůһһϵϢֱƵǳ롣ѾЩ۳ڽӴ֮񽥽û
ϣɫ䡣
ѧ
ֵȻҲʶԼĲԣԭ
ѧҡ뿪
ֲϵظ
٣ߣｻҡ
ԥ˷ѾܵӰǼֻ۳棬Ȼɫسϣ
֮ǰ쳣ߴ۳ѾԼУſȥ
صշ֮ϣûַŵϱ㱻ϸֱ˵ڵء
º͵ʱ˫ȴþˡ
岻ܿƵϣ䣬˫ָǿ˳˵ϣֱ֮ܳӼס֩룬ҴһĺڹѸ֩롣
Ѿôˡ
ǸѧҡеƲסԼ
ֶ϶˵һƬ硣
ĳҰѪ޵ݣʶԼʲô֮Ȼ֣Ҫϣȥǿ׳ȴֱӽԭء
С֮⣬ߴ۳ڵһж˳ݣһգգͷ亹ĳĸڿѾʮ˵ʱѾŨϣؿʼ
һЩʳ벻ܿƵشð˳
֡
ϣմȾЩɳơ
ҧ촽ͼôʹס֮ԼֵָĴ䡣
˵Լġ
䣬ϱѾһɼǵ˿ڡ
ĸ֮ǰɱݴ˿Ȼ˾˵ı仯״Ƹߵȼ۳ף˱ѪǲֱӴ̴ϣơ
ѪҺεδʶϣѪֱϡ
Ǹ
ȻڵǸɻиȵȴǶ۳ѪĿ
ϣȥȫûб˿ѪϢŵ
СĵؽֽԼı֮䣬ȻѵԼ·
ûϵ㲻ÿԼ
ϣ˵
㱾Ͷˡ
δ䣬ϣбһ˿ƺߣΪѾƲסسȥ
ǰĨȥЩĳԭʼ־ʱЩ־ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲֱȾľ
ʱָеһֿ˷ܡ
Ѿʱ岻ܿƵӦͬʱ巭ڵģļʡһ̣ʵֲԼηһϸɳȻɢ䣬ڤڤ֮Ϊһ塣ε״飬Ӵȴõ˼µɡ
ԭʼɣܣš
ͬҰһĵըѿ
ȻǱ֮£һָŨĺڰ·ĴЦֻһֻ˿Ұ޵ĺС
ܣܣܡ
ȻԶһжٵɡ

̫ˡ
ſϣɶԷѪʱƺиҼ֡
ûа취
ڽӹЩȺʱĳЩģڳıҲȾޱ۵ĳĸ
Ԩ֮־棬ӵıֱӿʼͣǴ꣬Ұıǰɾ
Լʶ˱۳ǳѪʱԼҲڲͣζ
ĳЩʱĸ˱ѪͬʱܶԷĹȣΪڵõʱĸƢºһЩҲߵȼá
亹ϣʯͷļ⣬ʪĵϡ
ϣغţ˺ܾãſסԼĳ嶯ʳ뽫ֽڸߴ۳ĻǶԽ׳ޱȵı۰Ǹһӵ
ûϵġ
Żе˵
µġ
˵
ڽʳԭʼ̬Ѱ۳ģһеʱ˫ĿնȷʵһƬľ
ڶ˫˲䣬ϣȻһ˲һޱļȻԺ
ڿޣ
˼Ļֲҡ
վڻľ֮䣬һŶڽڲ꣬ʵ
ӪζͬһȦԭȻֱðŻعͷϺ⣬ܶ¶ֺõЦ
ңûаǴ˭͵͵ֵط

ԭ
ԭʱԼѾˡ
һֱ㲻ѹˡ
ϣͷأֵĶͷ
ޡ
ޱض˵


112 
һ, ֳ˸ϢʱҪд˼߾ʧΣһϵΡ
ξ, ֲûоǳµϮҲûбɳĸ
֮ǰԼƻо￿ܹ㹻Ǯ, Ȼص˱߾, ҵһݳĹ
һССķӡָݻ޹أȴǳܰլ, ѩ׵ǰһССͥԺ
ܶǰ, ƶ, ϦĹ¶, ÿڴʱ·һӡʱ, һĴ࣬·ʱǻ̲סͣԼĽŲ, Ȼ˷Լʱ䣬͸ʿǶӡ֪, ⶰסһ, ˵ƽܰ, Ҹ
ѾܾúܾöǶӣȻԼ뵽Ҹӵһ˵ڣԸ
ԸӵͬķӣԼ
ﴫʳ
̧ͷ, ÿ͸ˮٳŹưıӰ
֪, ֿ, ˿İһ˿İʳ׾׼ʳ
¥ķĴܣЦʱĽŲ˵ŻЩɶ޸ĸһ˳˵ȴǡǡá
Լ˿λǰǰǧƪһɵţֱ߷һڵĿȺ緹Ǵɴ࣬ƻͺ͹쳣ˣҪǣƬԱߵļ嵰˰ĵ״
ֵ˲ͱģǿҵҸмеѣ
±ֽΧ
ԼѾ˻飬ŷǳͻݣҲÿʡ
Ѿ޽ӽΨһгĵطžű183˻Ҫࡣ
緹׼ƷˮһҪǵóŶ
һźȻı
ޱȾͺзֱߣ͵ʶҪȥʱһֻȴֱӸֱֵϡ
ָĦָȵϢֵľ࣬һ֮岻ɿʼս
ŻǳۣԡҪ֤ðӪ롣
ξƺЩ̫Ծ
΢΢һ㶣ĿӾƣȻƫͷֱӶ÷ɪ˹Ӣݡ
ԭԼѧ
Ȼе죬ξȴһжȻ
΢΢ͷ÷ɪ˹Ĵһǡ
ǽӦûæĻӦҲϺúõιҰɣ
ʵҲ˵ڵ䣬ȴǳɹξУøߴĮġӡ
*
š
ȻŵζĲۡ
ǻδЦ⣬ܿ죬ǻҲЦˡ
Ϊʱ״ֱƺʲôĻҪ⡣
Ͼ໹þƾΪʧ̬ԭ򣬶ҲʲôԼҹĲ
ޱȾֵطԼʱſϣĻȫǰѶԷһŴɡԼĿлŵѪζĿ΢ζһ±Կϣؿڣ鲼Եӡ
ȻһЩĺۼ
ǣЩۼγϣϵģйֶǵ
ֳĬ˰Ρ
Բ𡣡ɰͰ͵سϣ˵һḺġ
ȻʶԼ˵ʲô֮޲ҧԼͷ
۾֮ǰϣѾ˹
չһֵֻֻȻ˴˿̿ȥ˺ۣɫȴǳƽ
⡣
˵
Ҳģң졭
Ҳ֪쵽׶ȺֻбܵĳȺʲôȷʵȺͼӵĿо˷ѾˡǣκȺʶӴʱǵģ֮ʶụӰ죬ǿ߶ҲһֻǱ˳ҰԶѡ
žʧε꣬ϣ÷ǳƽĿǰһ顣
ֵ·ӵĳħУҲƽ
Һϲҡ
һϣޱƽ˵˷ǳĻ
壬ϣ
Ӣĳ˿꣬߸ֳһ˿ܵ΢Ц
΢Цֱ˲ͷĿѣ
ʱǱڿʱӦþѾϲ㡣и֮䲢ڰֶʱңףΪʲôʱƵԼ񾭵ķӦٶȶòܿƣұΪҵݣʹδ֪ΪоǾʹʲôĬҽӴ
ȣһ£
֪ˣʱֻڸԼҽڣܹһֱߡ
ָҷԼû
ĿɿڴϣȻ˵˽Ӳ÷·ɯסʯ
ֹ˺þãȻ䷴Ӧ
ѧѾָˣ
ϣգգۡ
ֻһ֣кܶҶѾˡ
ᡣ
˵ҺȻ͸ҵĵ׹ǲǺܶ˶У
ȡȿȿȡ
⧲֮ʻ˲䱻ԼĿˮǺô
õģѾޱ̵ȷˡ÷ɪ˹ȷʵѾصߡ
͵ͨ죬Ʈȫǰĳϡ
䣬Ȼ˵˶УǸѧǼ׹ʱҵȫһġ
û˵ֵ꣬ĻȻֹ
Ϊϣ˵÷ɪ˹Ȼޱȴ³ֱӴǰԼ촽еĻﾡû
ҵѾ÷ǳƭ̰ȡУΨһֻ𾪵۾
ӺѾҪտˡ
ִһƬհס
ΪԼпΪϢ֮ǰһӣ÷ɪ˹˹ķſ
ǳͷ
÷ɪ˹ɫƽ˵
ԺеĶӵж٣㶼ֻҡ
һָеİģĶռ
ֱ׵ֱ΢΢飬ǣĳ̶ֳ˵ȫ޷ܡ
Ժ󲻸ˣҵ˼ǣ⣬бˡ
˵
ΪңʵҲӺܾǰϲѧˡ
֪У仰Ѿ˵˿ڡ
ָеԵϲǵϣָ̧գŷԼĪؿ
Ǻܸ˵ģΪʲô˿ȴȫƲסء
ǸԺҲٶˡ
÷ɪ˹ǰ֣һεȥ

ҲΪ÷ɪ˹ĴڣЩɲֵĺڰҲڲ֪ȫȻȥ
ĳΪױġ֡ڵԼȷʵͬһˡ
ַǳظܵһ㣬ԷӡڳȺǿԻҲȥ
룬е鶼
֮÷ɪ˹ĻС˵

ǷѾĻӦܹ˳ͽӽһʵڲеĻһϣ˵Ҳֱӻٵеʱ

ҵֱңǿɿġѧõģ֪ðգұҪȥ顣
˵δļƻ֮˶ԼƮƮġе㺦ߺߣе⡣
Ϊһֱĵ꣬Ҳȫûע⵽÷ɪ˹𽥱΢Ȼܿ죬־Լ壬ʮ̵Ľѵ

÷ɪ˹ȷʵѾصߡ
ƺñȵѸˡ
ڲ㴭ļ϶Уĵ׼Ǿʶһ㡣ȻȴȫȫغԵ÷ɪ˹ϣЩӦóʱʳ롣
һزֵ֫ǲ߶Դѵ׵أӴ֮ڡ
*
ڵ뿪ʱŷ֣Լ÷ɪ˹Ѿͷ˷˽ӽһʱ䡣
ɴϵļʱѾ˵졣
ʵϣϢʾǳĵײΪ֮ǰĽɶһЩСϣ÷ɪ˹Դп޺ãҲҪ˷Ѹʱڲ
ò׵뿪ĸԵֻ㱣Ψɫȴǰδеĺ
Щ˼صɴʱһСľͱǼİһܿЩ˶£ǱԼһȺˡ
ԭ֮ĸ
Ը㰲ĸ£

ӦǴ³ķѾڿֵʱס
һֱŵļһΪȽŲԼеĹߡ
Щվֱ壬Ȼ㹧س˸
ǣǺã
ʮֲϰߵؿȺˣȫ֪Լðڳʲô顣
Һûãһͷ˹
ǣɲϲ̬ȡ
ѾεĳԼ˵ѣķѾȻֱֳһӶȵĳݡ
ǣǾϾ˵ĴھǡǱ
ʼЦ˵


113 

ֲҧԼͷ
ô֮, ѲǵǸ޴ֱСһֹڳݵĻ־ͿʼԵͷƤ顣
ĸȫǿŶԭ֮ĸңֳڿȵĳ羴, ĳ̶ֳ˵ǿ⡣
ЩѾӦǳеôΪʲôҲֲʵʵڴ
·ֵɻɫӵĿǰϤİꡣ
ԼҲûʶֶڳĸϢ, ѾԽԽŨˡ
ڵֻص֮ǰκһֻὫͬɢ, Щͼ۳ϵһȥ
ƶԺֲͬںܶʱȻ, ˵, , Ѿȫǳĸģˡ
Ϊ, Ϊ̰ĳڿ֮, ǿҵĿ
ҪõĸסĹע
ҪɡĸסԸ
ҪΪĸסΪʵĳѨ
ҪΪĸסչ

ԭ֮ĸ
ип
Ҫ֪ĵ۹һʼġ

ֵã, Цһ, Ȼĵ
Ǹˣ֮ǰһֱࡣộҸҿ϶, ʵδ˽塣Ҳ֪Ӧеӡ
˹۲촰ǰ, ֮ĹЩɢǿ֮еż
ĳҲǿʳ, ޱȲпһ档ԭ֮ĸͳµĳ壬еķʼкƽ͵ġȺ䶼Թĸʱ򣬲ͬȺеν˵С̶ȡڵĳĵ۹ǵĳ˵, Ҳ޷ĵߵȼŰɱɵ͵ȼĳ, ֱɳΪԼĿū͡
ڲӻߵȼ޷, ֻͨϿ¡Ⱥȼǿ¡վҲ޷ܸ󳹵ױһ졣׳гԽԽױҰĻ塣ڽӵĳڵԭʼҲڲͣеʱֱԡȻҪԼΪǻϵĳ壬ӵһϣһһԭ֮ĸع壬֮̾ʮ飬عķʢؽѾʧĻƽ֮ǡǵԭ֮ĸҲͬķҰļԪ
ңҾҸ
ſڽĻʧػش
عͷؿһۡ
ģ֣ʵϡֻҪͿˡ
Ѿ˿ʮᡣ
ò˵Ĵȷʵ˴˿̵־޴ο壺ֻ֪Ҳ֪ǳĸԴֵ̬ȴûб
ֻǱ˶ԭ֮ĸǳֲƺĳݣѹе㴭
ֻ겻ظص˿ҡ
裬衣
ŽŵĻ̤ҵĵһ۱㿴ļֻС֡
ַǳˣȺȻμԼʹһֱĹһȺڲٿطɴķѾԱ
һţ
Լ׳棬ֵ΢һ㡣
ɺþܿͷԼȺ̺֮ǰòһˡڻƽ֮ôΣʱ׳ǻʮоܹߴߴ޺ͣ
ʱСǼ֣Ȼֻ̧ͷȻشһкһ㶼û֮ǰĻÿʣȥһ㲡ġ
Ȼ΢Сĸıڳ˵ʵ൱ԡϾС֡ءȺѾʱԵøѹȸеġ
ָСǴôãϤ׳һһڿǵ˲䣬ͷֺǽ״̬ԡ
ôˣǲ𡭡ȵȣ֮ǰս𣿡
źȻʮְ׳ǣĶšˡ
˲æǰְ׳ϡ֪Ⱥ׳СգǸÿһҳһͼȷǵ״
ôһСֵ̧ʱ򣬾ֵطԼֱӴһŵͷ޶һűӲǡ
һţô£찡۲ۣ
ֵеıך˵ˡ
ȿȡ
Ŵʧɫ֣εػ˻ͷĴǡ
ûҪôţȺֻǿҪƤˡ
˵
Ƥ
ͣȻӦ
ǰʵ֮ǰĸŵʱ򣬾ѾѹӦƤˡ֮ʵ̫ˣôСҲûʲôֶѾˡ
СǼеİеעϣǱȺ׳İţ衱ԼһæͻԵȺ̡
Լһġ衱ء
뵽ѡ
Ϊ壬ûвĵɬ
û£ڷӦĹ˵Щ׳ӦƤˣУǵͣǵֵǶѾӽһֻߵȼˡӦǽһЩƣԱΣյ½ƤϾ֮ǰĻǳ׳ֽƤ׶εĻûܹˡ
ЩؿһµӲǵ׳档
ôáЩСһӦҲˣٲнӼǺпܸûа취ɹɱ䡣
ΪѾ죬ûټƤӣʮо˵λֱӰֵŵǡ
һ£ûƤûа취ƤʲôǲΣհɡ
ֻпܡ
شЩ⣬Ϊʲôֻôš
Ͼڳ˵Ƥûа취ɵĻֻ׳汾ҲȷʵûʲôȥıҪ
ģô졭ѧȥһѧ
ۿ޴룬ץն˾Ҫ÷ɪ˹
΢ΣȻְֵ̧ϡ
ż޸ɴǼϰɡ
΢Ц
ҵ¸պ֫һЩãȻº͵Ľ͵
ǵǰһֽĸ߼棬ȻǷǳڽضѨҲ룬ǵĻһܹһֻóɱ¾۳棬ṩõ
˵ѾԼ֡
һѾǳŬά̬ȴǿóԭǼ׳Ĵӡ첽˹
ǿֽܵ
תſȻ󿪿ڣӦ֮ǰǵĶԻԣʲô𣿡
İֻȫ쵽ǰΪͣ
Ȼ
˵Щ֣ͷ۾Ҷֵߡ
ʵֻҪǰȫĵطƤҲԴһʪȸߵС˹ѨЩǡƳСǣΪ׳Ϣһս
ЩǵƤ̫ãǵӼǺпܻúܺһƤɣܻ᲻̫ƿǡ
Ȼڿԭ֮ĸ׳ǵǿ̶ȣǰǷҽͷƤӦҲûʲô󰭣ǡԭ֮ĸ
һ뵽￨ֻʹ֫һֱ쵽˴Ǹ
ǼԼ
Կ԰ҽһƤ˹Ѩ𣿡
ĻػַһЩ
ĺܸл㡣
л
ڳѾͬĽע£˵سⶼڲӦԼܽƤѨȻ˵С׳棬ʯͷ͸Ҳ˳Ƥ
شеѯ֮󣬿ҵͬͬţλεر㳯ſȥ
ɫõĵط׳ǽ˹ѨȻ뿪ָҺû߶࣬ǰͳһߴӰ
ѾǳиӹˣǸԷС׼ס
㡣ǡ
ϣˣ
ûĳѿһ
һۿԷʱȻֻ۳濴ȥЩİȻ˵͸ϣ̫죬ǾЩԡ
֮ǰϣȥôֲ
ÿךʹѪ֮ͬˮӿ
ĴԼĳһ߹Աʾһȥ˲˿ֻܿǰЩŤ⣺ռ˴ȵʳڰӰѾڷǳٶ۵ĳ壬ɴ˿̿Щʳ룬ǸеһܾԼһͻᱻǰĹֲĳֱ˺Ƭ
ллأڿµɪɪʱһ룬ϣȻһ
еĴ˲ջڣЩͬӰıŰϢҲʧ

ϣظ֣˫Ȼɫ۾ľˡ
ֶ˵˺öллءĺ㡣
ڶԿ˵֪Ϊʲôȴܾϣ
ûİȺ׳ƤʧˣָӦû
˵䣬ϣĿ˿ϡ

ô鷳ˣл
ȵ˵·ղŵһжֻǿĻþ

ɵع۲ϣΪȺлйԵʣΪ̫Ⲣζſ޴ġ
ʵϣΪ˱ĳЩĸ֪൱ϸع۲Ϊϣ۳棬۳ҴԺǿѹȸеϢУŴŨ㡣֤ĸѾѡ
ԭ֮ĸѡ棬һûġ
ɲ֪ΪʲôǾϣϺʲôطԾ
ʲôͻأػһ𣬷ǳìܣǳ졣
ôġĸסôѡһֻƺǴ覴õĳأȻȥǳǿ󣬿ȥֲл˷ǳ⡣
ѹ˲ӣɿشϣ뿪
жֵĵȴû˿١
*
ˣԱ˾ͺú˯ɡƤǺķġ
һһŵͷε˵
Ϊúܹ˳ĶȹƤڣֱӴһңŵ˹ѵƹúܰΪƤǰ׳Ǹ֪ޱ
ķһЩۣĸιȥӵиӳ
Ȼڼʱֻ޿ɱسһ
ٹȻˡ
ѧǡ
Ȼǰ޷˵֧÷ɪ˹ɴʱֻ̲סյһ
Һø÷ڵĳۻ˳ط˳
ڳ˳ֻ֮Сֿȥһ㡣
ֽȺͰͣΪ̫Եø׳ǰһ飬ȷǿû̫֮뿪˷䡣
ھϣܹһ㣬Ծ콫Сתƹȥ
ȻһžͶſڵ
ô
ȻؿŶԷΪѾ뿪ء
Ѿ첻ӦʮæµŶ
üǳϸع۲֡
̽鵽޵֮һܿĿ⡣
˶ٲſڣ΢ɬ
ֻҪȷһ¡˵ԣѾѡϣΪ棿

ҲдǵĻӦѾԾرֱˡ
ʵӦ÷ɪ˹Сؾ΢ԥһ£ֲһ䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼˵ӦѰɡ
֮ǰΪӦѳ棬ĻҲ˵治ɫƫƫ˵Ǿ仰ʱϾȻЩȡ
ѡ
ԭѾ׼ӭʵǾ䡰ѡʱ֪ΪΣȻֳϣ滹Ҫˬ
ҲΪЩ
ٿһ֣ϣ÷ɪ˹ΣաӦҲܿóںϸͲڿҲͲʵģļһʱпתһֻȫϤĳ塣ҸҵĹ۲죬תѾˣΪ֮ǰȫһ
ĶԻǲѾйһˣ
εشĻͷ
֪ѧЩطȷʵ̫Ծ
˵仰ʱֵЩͳ
ʵһжԡ
ޱϤǸ÷ɪ˹ҲôǿҵĳԴΪ̰޶ȣƴԼȡĻ°Լ۸޶ϧ
ѧԶ侲ģԳֵģ·һ㣬ôֱ׵Ϊ
ڵ÷ɪ˹ȴ
֮ǰǸ֣һѧֵֹģұ֮ȴĪãҲܹӦ÷ɪ˹ѧ
֪ѧʼվѧ
ĳĸһ˻þЩ棺һʱϣָӹʶֻ÷ɪ˹Ƶĳ壬ʱҲֱָͬӹ޷мܡ
㣬㡭
ɬ
˺ܾãＷһ档
һַ·Ƶı飬ڣͼ˵׳ͷԵĳˣðɣֻ֣ϣ㲻ҪκεΣա
Ͼ㣬ϣ
彫ԭ֮ĸԼ
ֺγǽֵԼأ

һСģһε
ûڵһʱ϶Ļظ
˲侯
תͷĿ֡
ȵȣղǸô£Ӧûʲô°ɣ
ʵϣǸ˵취ѵһ֪ʧϣͽ˴˾ĴôûпܣܰҲͽأ
Ŭװһµӣ˵
вòȥ飬ɡ


114 
ڵıָе˲֮ǰƻ, ְԼڻƽ֮ھһУԭ֮ĸ͸¶Щʱߵı䶯, ƽĲԼǸΪ֡ı硣
Զ޷֪, ￪ʱ󣬻ʲôӰ졭
ͼ˵
Ȼӱϣ￪ʱ޷ҲǶϼƽ, ֮ǻ໥Ӱ졣
ʼԭ֮ĸΪҪصԼԭϵĿʱߣôʱҲӭױȫڰġĸ
ǸĹҲΪ尩֢һš
, ȥ֮, ıȴ󳬺ֵԤϡ
ԣʹøԼΪ룬ȥ硭
Ҳ޴
쳣ļ, ֵӣͺ, Ҫҽɱһ

ס
Щȵؿߵ˫ƽʱ˸ŽĿ⣬ɴʱ, ȴ۵׿ԿƵĿ־塣
ƻȥ
˵Ҳеľŵð亹
һеļȼڿнˡ
, ֲĸоȴͬһƯĩβ
, Ȼ취Ӵ, ˵Էٵʱ, ֪㷸ĴʲôǾ, ȫʥ, һֻĳ塣ʵ, Ǽһκ࡭, Ӧ˵κǻﶼ޷ҲӦýӴķӡ
УڵͳߣֻʮǰĹꡣ
ڻƽ֮˶ʶЩΪʱʧȥֻʣִ꣬Ǵĸ˵ȴЩҪöࡣ
ΪάԼĴڣʮο¡Լ壬ʥߵ츳ԼʶոµС
ʶĳȡУԾǿƵʥߣҲ޿ɱزصŤͬģҲںܾ֮ǰѾȫ컯޿ȵĻΡ
ȻĿ¡Ѿǳڵʱʵ̫ÿһο¡һЩ΢СԲȵӻʱЩ̳ѡĳȡ㹻Ĳֲ¡Ȼȱݡֻÿ¡ϵЩ޲ϡԴԡ壬壬̺űŰѪıһ£ֶӵȱصǿظΣõʲô
ûеֵĻشѾи˴𰸡
һֻ֣Ԩײħ
ת֣ڵ۵в԰׵΢΢
Զ֪﾿ʲô֣˵ϣ޿ɻȱĳĸǶ˵пҲֻһͼλĸסӵƷʵһɣǼһھô¡ʹõ¸ûܹ֪ĸϢصĹˡ
˵ЩŤ
û˱Ҹ˽ǼһĿ¡
ҿԼ㷢ģ˭ֻҪѾ̤ıԵ
˼ҹŹֵ̬ȣû˿Ժӵ˿¶ӡУɲˡ
֣ǸҪ侲һ뵽־ȻҪ棬˾һֽĽ֮С
ֻûʶԡ
Լ˵
ֵֻҪڣ˶ԸԸܻᵼֵ
Ŷˣ໹һ޴ȴǿ÷ɪ˹ǼһҲʲô
ֵҪǼһܿʲôͽԨ

һ뵽ֱ־嵽¶Լԭ͡
ڣòּԼĵơ
ǵģ֪ڿȥһΪӶŷĵСҲ֪һ֣ΪʲôһôǸһ
ΪѾ죬Ӧúµ˾ӦŶԡ
֪һһһݡ
Ȼѹúܵͣ·ֻҪŴһ㣬ͻᾪѳ˯Ĺ
ŷ¡塣
Ѿָ̧Լ
Ѿ뿪ôãٴ£Ե÷ŭɥ־塣
¡壿
𾪵۾
ҺǼһ꣬ԣҾԲ㣬һеۻڡ
ն˵

ܶǰ
۹
ͥӳʵ
ڵĵصף۹ߵȼʵһƬƻͨ
ѩ׵һ޳ӰŲӣһһĵ
λϲŭ޳ĳߴǹһ˿г壬Ǹĵ͵ȹ棬Щ֮ǰһƹʵɱȨĸ߼ʦǣʱֳ̬ͬϢڵϡ
ǽ߾ȫչ¶ԼĲԼһСֳԱʾĳһЩΪȵĽţ̬صɫ
ֵȣ￴ȥԵɫºͣǱһ˿΢Ц
Ŀô˾岢û˶е˿ɡг嶼ڼǰΪӵʱڵԹг¹ʲ˴ըⱬըҲһֱһԹ۲
Ȼ˵ΪǿûΪըκ˺ȴ˴
֪Ϊڱֳɿ⵽ĻǼٵģû˿ʥǰ׷ϾӹŵҲûһֻܹ뷨
ñ˯
߾һײɵҡʵҵġ
գգ۾ԲˮǾƯŵ
ǻһֻ׳棬Ѿ˷ǳ̬
Ϊ޷˸ŨӪҺ棬ֻ׳濴ȥֱǳͯһ㡣Գ۹ĽǶȿǳɰֺཱུԼԲ֫
尡
һ漴ǳϸشڵ׳湫
ܺãҪòǳ
ƳһˮԱߵ塣и֣449
449ţǿ¡֣ҲʥߣΪֹ滻Ŀ¡
ĸ׻ϲĳࡣ
˵
ҽ塭
Ŀʾ߼Ĺʦڡ
¡ǵģѾɵ449šƽʱ¼ǰޱǿƵܹʦսսؿ˿ڣѪͳ൱ľ⣬ǲ׶ƶ޲һ¡صΪųⷴӦԿʱҲ˰ٷ֮ʮձķԸ̬صеԵĲ֣ɱɳɳ֮Ҳ̫Եĳ

ʦ˵Ϊ449ŵĿ¡壬ȷʵʷΪƷ
ǵʹõѾ޿תıܹ֮ǰǰ׼ñ壬̲˵һ׮޴ĹΪζţǲõΪϲϽȶﱩŰɱ
Ȼ̲õԸȴ449۾֮󳹵
ԭֻ˵һСС⡣
ƺǲԼǰרעӣ¡ӪҺ۾
Ǳҹݵʬһ㣬׳溢ͯǶһĿնͫס
۾
ͻȻ֮䷢һ̾Ϣ
Ҳϲ۾
淢һ
Ҫɫ۾ǳǳ͸ɫֵɫ
ž̲
Ϊйʦǵܣĳֻɫ࣬ѩĵƹ²ѣѾɫĳֻ˵ɫ
ڿȥֱһֻӣٵѹû
ϾǲÿԵ߽һеġ
ֻ¡Ѿ׳ͣûеĿռ䡣һ档
̺·ܻʵʵĿ־塣
ǣҪĵɫ۾ֻѪᲿļڻͻ²ſԲ
ʦ御Լĺ£ɵӡ
ԭ֮ĸķϡ
غ
ͫɫãҲҵܹϲ͡ڣҪȴǵɫ۾
ԶģҪһ˫ɫ۾һͻͺŵ۾ζǺпҪġѪ塣
͵ͬѪս
Ҫǣǿ£޼ɵЩѪʵ顣Ѫ᱾ĻҲʺ¡ȱ©ΪѪĻǿͣǼܸʥѪں

ȻҪɫֻǴɫĻǵǿʹá
ڹʦͼƼһͫɫʱŨѪҺ˳ͷ­ɽ˳
顣
ˤڵء
Ϊʵҵܣӿ̫ˣ㿴ѪŪõˡ
̾һѾķѣһļךûµĲк˵
ֵĿڵϵѪ֮ϡ
һƬţûκһֱҶ
ֻЩ豸ʱ
ˣôܺˡ
˵Ŀ־ȻţתͷĿӹ־ֵĳȺҽһ¿ȥʵͨĳ˳
Ҫһ˫ɫ۾
ޱеؿɫɪɪĳһַ·Ƶǿ
һΣǳؿΪȫεûзκ֮ʡ
ңˣ£Ͼȥеԡ
ĺڴĳƷϾ壬еŲȥˡ
Ϊ֤һƵģһС鸯Ƥӻе
ƺȫоʹ෴ֿЦ
һҪɫǳɫɫŶ
˵ֿ꣬źƳһһˮе449š
źʵһͦϲġ
˵
æڣ벻õģǻᾡ覴Ʒٵ
ʼ磬ȷԼõһ˫ɫ۾Ŀ¡֮ͳʧȥ449ŵȤ۴ĸ˵ֻ¡嶼൱
Ϊ˱鷳û˿ԥ̧ǰ֫ѸٵԼĲϰۿžҪִٳ򣬿ƫƫһ̣·ѾԼҵˡ
ˮǱӪҺݵĲҰ׵׳Ȼ֮촽÷ϣϸǸֳԵĿ־
׳ȫϵĶڳ֮г嶼޲þʹȥ
ΪġƷ¡£ֻһƵĿҡ
ǲԼ˼룬ҲκεʶȻڿ¡ô֮ϡ֮ĻʼָָۼƴżҲ449ŵ֪ʱЩӦһƬհ׵Ŀ¡壬Ϊҡʶ
ǻе־壬оʹиӵıΪһ̶ȵ˼
ţ
۾һգգؿƴ׳棬ǻðһߡ
ָܵ׼ٰť
ȻѾӵʶ𣿡
κ˵Ľͣһ͵ࡣ
ܾԼҲǰ󳾵ʱȴüң뵽ʲôһ΢Ц
ҵͻȻˡ

ҪһΪϰ󡣡
粻Ŀֲ۾°Ȼؿĳ壺ô壬Ӧûĸϲɡ
Ϊ棬δȱϯκһʱĵԡ
ڼǰǳҵıըʱڱըпһЩǳĻ档
ˡĸס
ʱ꣬һεؼ˼ĺӰӡ
ʻòԷԭ֮ĸ΢Ĳͬ
ȻһȱʧƴͼȷĿնڶ˫˲䣬ҵһӰ
еĸʵȥʵ
վĳδӴģСңġѨڣĳ˷𱸵Ļ
ͲܹܹЩ𣿣
𱸣ȴ͸һ޷ݵᡣ
ǵѧϰɼֻF찡ⱲӶûпôµѧɼȺһѵԼڸ嶪ǲԼͬѧЦ𣿣
Ȼһֻɫ۾۳ʮε߽˻档
һ֪ǿĳȴſȻƷ
ΧһߴθΧȹ
ͻСңѧֶڳ˵ǺĶ
ѧ㵱ѧϰɼǺܺ
ȡ
ѧ
ɵ˱е㽩Ӳĳˡ

ըһ˲Ļþݼţ̫ǻȻʧ
޴ӵֻ֪ŵɫ۳õ˳ĸĵģֵ׶ĸ˵ʲô
ô˵Ѿȡ㹻Ϣ
ǵģĸסϲӼ͵ģóõ۳档
ĸײóԼáһǸǰһģһ
˵
ڳеĳķ軰ȴҴһ¡
Ȼޱȴֱش˾޴ˮۣӿӪҺֱקס449ŵĲӣҽĺͯקԼʱҲκε
ֻԵ°Ȼ
ôʹ㿪ʼɣЦضŲ㱻ԼĿ¡˵ӽԺҪԹԵҵĻ
ֵúܿ
óȷʵǳ죬ΪûάϵԼΣѿĿڲҪᴩ沿Ŀڴݼ֡
Цһɡ
449õ˵
ҵĸףϲĺˡ
*
ǳڡ
ŷǳصĻ֢ȫ޷ԼʵҪǣԭ֮ĸһȫ̬ĿеʱɱһȺĳ壬ֻΪԷȻϰĸЩơ
ΪԼĳĸϲãʲô鶼ó
449ſ¡壬ķѾһһ˵
ļӲ¾Ҳ޷гء
ܿڼĵһ۾ͰɱˡͲʶԼʲô
ĳǿҵִжԶȹʮԼҲֱӻһɲʡ


115 
ֳĬ˺ܾá
ƴһ, ǵԭ֮ĸƽʱ
ò˵ôһ, Ѿʧʱеԭ֮ĸеĳԹޣΪʲôǼһҪ˼ֵﶪԼȥ
Ǹһ䵱ָӹȫһ
ִûʲôΰ־, Ψһ, ǸԼ, һеСܰʵ
Ҫδ, Ҫıɧš
ҲҪĹ¶
ңĸѪں֮ǰ, ķգ޷Ҳ׬Ǯа˶ĸɧš
أ, һųޱļһ, ҪԸ˵ĵ˴򽻵Ѿʮ֮, ǻʮּɵĿ´, , ȴվڳ˵Ĵڡ
һѾʮꡣ

ܰɡ
иһֱڳϿȰ˵, ɴӱʵ, ҪȥӦļ
ɵֿʱ, ŷԼ˵Ļ, ȴǸԺеĶħȫͬ
, ұȥ, ұȥֹ, ҡ
һ, 
Ȼǰһ, ר־֡
һ̣ǰ
չ¶ԼĲԼĳ
ǳеĳƣΪϿҵ֡
ֲûŵըëҪ㿪ԷѾˣӦ֮ǰǰӢߴĳѾޱϵؽ촽Ľżǰ
𣿣ڸʲô
̧ͷ
ĸЩϽͽȣȥֱˡ
ֻǸо˶Է۵̺ǿ
ûз裬ֻҪжʾҲǽֻϤˣҲͬʱ㣬Ϊ֮һ
ڵ
֣˵ǲԭ֮ĸҶеҳԼ磬ңԼѾ嶼£һ᲻ϧһдۣԸҪٵһ̨ʱôͱؽ١
*
Сǽ˹ƤҺܿˡɵĲϽǳһתΪ޽ӽԭʼѨĴڡ
ʪȺ¶ȶάһѵƽ㣬ֻŷɴԴĿʪ¶ȵϵͳζﲻôĳ̶ȵġ
ظ֤ڽרóѨķȷʵ츳
ִʱվרŵ˹Ѿ׵СǡǴʱѱ˺İɫ֮ڣȥһһŸԼһ˵ľ޴׵
ȻտĽͣƤûгɱôΣգֻǻȥԼƤӼʱ඼ڻһŨֶٻнš
۾Լʶϸظ׳ǵϢ
ԷʶѾ÷ǳ΢
ͨǹ޷ĺʵ֮ڣЩܳ谮׳Ѿ׹˽ߡ
̾һ۾
֪Сǲ֪ԼĵǸһ³ǵǡ
㿴ȥܲġ
ֵȻһѯʣϤϢ֡
÷ɪ˹Ѿһ߶Գǵݼأеֵ߼粢żվֻѣѧĳϢεĴ֣£ֵϡ
ǿѸҵȫвҰϢȴĳĸӲ
ûС
γѣ˲佫˼
ʶķϵ
ֻЩЩӣȷʵ̫ˣҲ֪Ƥܲ˳СLi
ѪȺĺڽƤ֮ǰҲѰһΪȫĵطš
÷ɪ˹Ļ͸һ˿Ρ
ڳ˵Щ簮ˡ
ǡ
ЩСһӦúܿ˳ƤϾѾӵݳ޵Ķ
÷ɪ˹΢΢ѹúܵ͡
ȵϢֵĶϣ
ǾȻӵ˶ڳĸĹע밮ֱҸоˡʡ
÷ɪ˹ĴǴӷ˿л̧ڸ֪ϢصëÿһͶֵķ
ϸ̽ϵζ
ǰ꿪ڶԼ֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ȿڡ
ζǳŨأ˵˺ܳʱ䡣
÷ɪ˹ʵ̫ˣѾظоϵÿһ鼡ʱʯͷһ
ֲ̧֣ס÷ɪ˹ؿڡ
񡪡
񡪡
÷ɪ˹ǳҲǳ죬ֻ˵÷ɪ˹ʱԶֳô侲
ѧ
ȻֵĻ㱻÷ɪ˹ǳ׶ס
һʱ֮䣬·е֪˴֮䡣źˣҪܣΨһõĽǱ÷ɪ˹ֱӼ˹ѨĽ
ȵȡǡ
ǻ˯أ粻κ֪ĺĻͰһ㡣
Ļ÷ɪ˹ޱɳƵૼֱöݡ
ֽŵýֺĳЩٶ۵񾭴ʱڸоĳЩԡ
ѧѧôˣ
ֽͰ͵ʵ
ò˵÷ɪ˹ѹȸе˲֮£ٴķգʱҲ˴ԵһƬհ׻ȱ
ڳԴס
÷ɪ˹ֱֵ۾ɴ˵
˫ɫ˫ͫͬȵĽˮ˳ֱʶֱҪֵꡣ
Ҹֻۡ
֪
˳˵
ûа취ԼļʡУղŶˣһҲҺġ

һ仰ȻסΪһֻޱǿսĸߵȼ壬÷ɪ˹ǳץס˻ᡣ
ȼ˫ĿеĻ㵹ֵȼһʢҰ
ڽܳһʱҲ˲ȥ˼κ顣
Խ·ѾҪĸ°ɻճ۽屻ͬʱгȺ֮ϣڳĸʶܿƿʼš
ڳ˯׳档
ײ㴬˶Źɫë׳ϸԼĳ
ڽճķѾУһֻȻһСŪһĦɳۡ
Ũ֭˲㵹֮ϣ̰۳ҿһȦעԼ̹֮ȻԼɵǲǵϵ֭һ˱ɾ
ĳֻڴһֲʵĻѾ΢΢ƣ֤졣
ϸķ϶ֲСͻѭ趨ĳɵС̧ѾԳصĻϸĵιڻ϶֮УΪעٽӪҺ
ֵʶ͸˷ɴ档
һС͵ڱڵҹ֮ҫ۹ߡ
*
֪˶ãֲָʶ
ȻŷԼĺɬѾЩΪ־ʱһֱڿͰ͵÷ɪ˹ġ
֡
÷ɪ˹ϢҲ֮ǰĽܷſֻǺķ־
ɫǶͫΧɫĤȴĹ⡣
ֲԼΪҰıܣֿʼһ뵽ֲܿƵĳ嶯Ӻζ÷ɪ˹ҧסأסԼޱǿҵĿ
Բ𡣡
÷ɪ˹ڶ˵
ʧˡ
ѧ
̧ͷ÷ɪ˹ۿΧдʪĺ⡣
÷ɪ˹ؿӿһ⣬ò׷ſԼһ
ԼĶͷΪļȶӣ΢΢
ĳɫԵñ֮ǰ
㿴ȥѹȴ֪ôһ㡣"
Щ׾˵
Ҳû취⣬ַʽȡСҺѾַǳӵļһ
ѧŲӡ
ʶؿڷ
ѧûϵңҡ
÷ɪ˹ƴƵҲֻʵʵ˵ʵ
Ҫ˵ӣҲֱӵ˰ɡ
ؿ÷ɪ˹ͷ˵ļͷȡŶԷϵ¡
ѧҺ񡭡øˡУ괽߷һ˿ɬЦ⣬ʵ֮ǰͳΪܹʲô鶼ԸڣҺøӺˡ
ðһգϺܳʱ䣬ΪѧЩǣһȥ

顣
һ仰ϸګϸ¾ͻ᳹״Ȼֻµһ˲䣬÷ɪ˹һӱˡ
ǰί߹١Ϊα÷ɪ˹޴룬Ŀ͵ؿǸꡣ
÷ɪ˹ԼҲΡ
ֵԣΪԵʣϰԵӱʵȴ쳣ڸκγŵ
ɾ֣˿̾ȻԿڳŵ
ѧ顣
Ժ̻ʢš
÷·һͷ˾Ƶ¹
ߴĳΪڿϲöá
ֵҲܺ졣
ȷʵ÷ɪ˹ִǹϵˣڸղһ̣ǿѧȻΪԼûʧһʱһȣһСľͰĵĴֱ˵ˡ
һǮȻҲ㹻ңǱǮ㹻ڱ߾һСӵġ
͸ܶǰĺɭǿȸԾСδʵҲڼƻŸѧ
ֻ˸ʱɬȴ֮ĵӿû
ҲΪ˵ҽʱʱûзԡĬѡ񡣡

ǣֲɵӡѾô궼ûɱȴҪϧһдԸǸʲôأ¾Ѿɡ
ѧΪԼҸȥ

Ϊ׳Լ꣬Щߵ
÷ɪ˹а촽һ£û˵
Ȼ˵ôǳϲִʱչ¶Ŀ֮飬ȴ÷ɪ˹ǿǴȻޱʢĶռ
̫ɰˡ
ɴֳѹȻ۵ĳĸ۵ĵ֮УԼӴֻ֮ÿ޺ֻʣԼˡ
͵ıӱԣ÷ɪ˹Ķ߷˶ħƵĵ
ϸʪʳ÷ɪ˹ıչһϸĽϡ
ѧ
ַһƺߡ
̧ͷʱ𾪵ؿǰϤӰȻһģ
貵ĽͫתΪ΢ɫ
ӲʵòøӾұ
ⲻ÷ɪ˹ǰ
ֵȻӲ
ü˼֮ǰѾһƿ˰
˵ĳˣʱȴСĳĸֱƵú˺üǿվ塣
ʧȥɰֿ̧̬˿Լֵ壬Щѿ
̰۽֡
ԼôԷͬģڴƵĿɫʱؿڻǻ᷺Ĵʹ
˺þãŴһ˿ųСؿ˿ڡ
㲻ϣЩȥҲһҪٵʱôˡ
ңʵġȡ÷ɪ˹С
ҿԻعҵı壬ٵʱ
ܹĻɲԡ΢ϲһ㣿


116 
ʵҲûб
ᰲŰ, νݳһ޴覴Ʒɰȴδʱѹ
Ǳһ˵֮УĶʶӦޱǿģϾʥһȺó־֡
, ֣Լֿ÷ɪ˹Ļ·Ҳ÷ɪ˹һ֡ԼװԼ÷ɪ˹, Ҳš
žΪ, ԰Ȼ÷ɪ˹ĿȨ, ʶҲ˶, ģ
ᰲ˵, û˻ϲ覴Ʒ
롣
, Ϊ÷ɪ˹һ֣šվᱻϲһ°ɣ
ɾڰʧʱ, ȴԼҲ˵õġƲסĵ׵Ŀ, ³ǰ
, 㲻Ҫ˵ֵĻ
ֿںֹ˰
Ͳ֪԰Ҳͬ
Է
Ҳûа취ȫ
ôϲѧһϲԷ
, Ҳ
ҿʧˡ㲻ع鱾, Ҳʧ, ع鱾Ҳһܹһ֭Ӧܹڱ־֮ǰᵽȨ, ڲٵǸʲô־ˡ
ר־ؿ, Ȼֵس˵
ûйϵ, ֪, û, ͲôˣңôΪȥĻ֮Ͳ˰ɣ

ֵɴ۾
ֱ֪ôô˵ôֵĻ
ֻҪһ㡣
СĵڿбȻһ¡
һϲͿˡ
ȵȣ㵽ں˵˵һЩʲôҸͲϲκȥҲ
ǻûֵָԻ·ôһ£ߴ˵Ȼζһ¡
Է۾ʱǶۿ֮еѾ÷ɪ˹Ľͫ
Ŵŵ亹ϴ÷ɪ˹Ķ£ʶŷʲô֮۳ɫѿ˼㡣
ҪǼһĻ
һʱ˿Ȩ÷ɪ˹΢΢Ť
ֻսթĳӾǹ˵ġֻҪھβҽøС
÷ɪ˹ҧгݵ˵
ǰǱʶ֪÷ɪ˹ֵһУ÷ɪ˹Ҳ׸ܵ˰
ղ˵ĻǼٵģ˵Ҫʧˣô£
÷ɪ˹Ļֱ֮黹쳣أüͷʵ
÷ɪ˹ǱһӲ
ǰһϰȷʵû˵ٻ
гΪ޴覴ƷѡĳЩ棬ȴҲ츳κηʽֶɱ÷ɪ˹İøУǣΪȥҲҲͬ㿹ܰ
÷ɪ˹
Ȼֿ϶ǻһذԼѧ
ɴ֮ĳĸҲһһ䱻Ϊ֮ͽռݡи޹أ÷ɪ˹Ҳ޷鷢
ӦɱǼһ
÷ɪ˹Űмƻޱɭ
ָεſڽֳֻܱ࣬Ĭ
˹֮ԭ쳣컵գΪͻȻЩأֱͨѶһļž
ִһæ㿪ͨѶصݳϡ
Է˿̵ӣüһ
ʲô
Ǽ뿪֮ĹķΧٹСʱֱǨԾذȫꡣڸղţǽյһҷѾɴźšʵʣǷԶʵӪȣ
ô֮Ĺתľ飬ֵطһҴͨž޴鷳
˵ûзɴԶɨ裬ƾ۹۲죬ҲԿóҷɴŷǳ۵ɫպۼĸžеӵµģɴʱ빥ΧҲ᲻ϸʴɴֱǱһɵ̫
֤ݶҴϵĳǵ˽žڴǳгľڵ۹ٷע⣬ϾǴϻһλܵԭ֮ĸ¡
ѾԭҪֱӺԵҷɴѶţƫƫźĳЩĽɣ˴Աǵע⡣һֻзѾڲԱ֪롣
֮ǾϲӵرϳҷɴϵҴҲԼͬ飬ԷֻǷѾǷѾĸ߲㡣
ζʫߡǶʿ
ɬض˵
˵ζ⣬Ѿĵ춨ˡͬʱҲʦ
ͨѾ԰ٷ֮ȷǾζʦ¡ǵķɴάϵͳѾԮȵĻɴг彫ڽʮСʱ֮
ɼȻû̶ԼʦоԮ
ֵʵ̫ˣ֮ǰһУҲڹϵش
ճҴȷʵͬΪѾͬ飬Ҳǳϵκһ˶źӦ
ȴòΥԼ׼
ܲԾҺ֪׷ʲôʦѾ뿪ǰߺܾˣҪ֪Ϊ˰ȫҶѾܾûм֪ʦڵغʹõڻݡʦȴ»ص˷ѾУԼ䵽֮ĹֵطԶĸŵ׷ɱ
ء
ھʵʽӴ֮ǰ޷жϷѾڲʲô⣬ǣóȻ봿ǳнӴЩҲпܻвİΣ
ǣʦ˵ش󡣡
εĴ
ȥǰѡ
һʱʧģǹ˹ʵеЦ֪΢ЦԼǰĳܹ΢һЩ
¶ôȵӣҲǺܶԹɫĺ𣿡
˵
֮ǰֳ׵ʱƴװ侲ģûа취סеĽ
ϴɡ˵ѾȫԱΪҵԸȥôҲ㣬ΪһܵΣգͬΪѾ֮ͬĹֹط
԰ɣѧ
ֺȻתͷ˴÷ɪ˹
֮ǰڸʱѾ÷ɪ˹ĳĬ
ԼλȻûзκεֻǿԸоѧĲͬԶ׼ͬ·ʽΪֵİοĨɱһпܵΣ
ڣһ֪ԭ֮ĸݣûܱ֤Ƕֲ뷨Ͼֶ˵ŷͬѰλ

÷ɪ˹۵ʼղһĨͬɫ
еͷۡ
ҵķɴǴǳһ֣ŵ˹ҵĺǲκ˺ҵġ
Ϊ˴÷ɪ˹Ĺǣֲһ䡣
ŵ˹Ҳͬһʱ̿ŵƣ˸һ¡
ѧڣͲܹ˺Ұɡ
װûп÷ɪ˹Ŀܣ治ɫٴ˵

һ
ɫ仯Ī˺һŲò˵ͷ
ǵġ÷ɪ˹п²κֱ˺㡣
̣Ҳֻܳһ㡣
ͬģĲ֮ԭϢ÷ɪ˹˻δǡ
Ȼһͬӣߴ忴ȥȴǸһЩ

۲쵽÷ɪ˹ķӦŰһ
ţթƭʦĳЩСɹȻõ
Ѿ֪ڱԵƯΪ˶ķѾɴױ֮ǰķѾȫ˴ǳԼ
ΪĵһСֳ壬ҲĴ¼ҹŹַɴڵˡ
ŽŵĻΪζ߽˷ɴϵĽҡ
ֱԨߺϵǼùѾԱѾǱˣû뵽ʱķѾȥֱҪһǧ
ÿһֻ嶼Ǹմǹֵнϵװûһġڻ֮ǰʵļѷ⼸ֻɫʬ
ɾ⼸ֻҲѾҷɴϵľԱѾ˵һϢѱֱ˴ǳʣ˳˯
ڼ֮ǰȻѾ˵ֵݡ
ԭԭ֮ĸ
룬ȡȱ΢ߵľ⣬Ըǵҳϣָǵꡭ
¡
ǿĳڽ뽢ҵ˲䣬㼤򶼿չ
Į߹ߴڱλϵλԵ쳣º͡ǣڿΪ֡ĳĸһ˲䣬ЩѾ˷Ӧ
Ѫȣ¶
ǡĸס
гľгֿĴڡ
ǵĿֱֵϣƴҲ޷صľ̾뼤ָеЩ̫ڡ
ҲΪ۳ǵĲԼȺеֻϳʮۡ
Ĳ²ſ˳վֱ곤ߣѾִĩζıƤͰ͵ģ̬û͸¶κγȴȻ͸һɷ˵СƤ͸һʵĹ۾ȴ˵
뽢֮ҲΨһһûбֳʧ̬塣
ζ̧ۣռݶ֮һľ޴ͫһգգ֡
ԭ֮ĸ

У¡
ֵĸоܾζΪĺԼԼѧ
ζ÷ɪ˹̲ס΢΢üеһ˿ޱϸ΢һ̣ѾջĿ⣬ͬѾеĳԱһӣַֿʺ
ͺ֮ǰֵֻĴһ
̵Ľ̸֮УȺǱ׷ķѾҲִޱȷḻϢ
뿪̱֮λϣɫ˲Ϳ
*
û뵽ỵ̶ֳȡ
ΪԼ֮ĹﶺСʱ䣬ȻΪ֮ĹڲʱޱȻңǶ˵ƬԨ֮ʧһꡣ
һʱʥߵѾ˽ȫĳ̶ȣϢֻ飬ܻܿڿѪ֮֮ǰ滻Լ塣
Ȼֻ߸Ǽһڿ¾װЩ˹жŲȥ˰ɡ
˵
Ѫʢ磬˲о÷ɪ˹Ϣޱ
̫ڵһ¡
Ľͣѹû뵽ԼѾĿѪʢ磬ϸ˵Ȼԭ֮ĸѡᡣ
Ȼԭ֮ĸϵʱˡ
Ȼ˵ԭ֮ĸȷʵ˼Ⱥ۳湲ԼǳսԣüײеԳ徭ͻ
Ϊ˱鷳Ѫʢˡ
ڿҰѪʢϣԳĸ˶ռ۳ǽһϵеսж˴֮ΣǿߣҲǡ桱ӵȨ۳ĸദʱ뷱ֳƵʡ
ʼʢÿһֳᷢһΣԭ֮ĸţѪʢͱĵǻʽ
Ȼô˵ᰲǼһ޴أȻΪֻҪڿѪʢȡʤͿԳΪߡûи״ôѪʢʤԶֻһˣǱΨһǣѡһʤġ
˵
أƳһ÷ɪ˹
÷ɪ˹ɫ֮ԭʮֲõЩο塣
Ҫռֻ֣޴۳ɻкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ֹ
˼ֵ飬ǺܿͰѻջ⡣
ҶǼһ˽⣬ڸ֮ǰǸӦòʱʱ䴩Խ
Ϊʲô
ʵ
ΪǼһֻԼãģġĸסǰ
ʼռǵԼ岡̬ĺǻ뱣
ѾŤǸˣȴȻΪ۾ɫС֡
ȷʥҲԼһ߳ªŤ֡
ô֮أ˵ֻҪˣͻῪʱ
ֵһӾ
֮ǰ֮Уʱͽ飬ǶʧܡɾڸղţɾಿһʮֿµϢ֮ĹУһ֧ʹشȥһҪԪ
˵ٽĻܿǿԳɹġ
һֻǰһƬڰ
Ǻܿ־ͷ֣Ϣֻǲҵǰˡ
Ϣں桪
ɺ֮ڲҲһӡ
ֽŰϣͽ˾Ĵʱû֮ǵ˻֣ԭ֮ĸӵһ
ˣܶϸڶβյòɾ
ҲΪָϣ֮ٸʵ׵׷֮£ϣѾ֮ĹϵѸٵչ¶˵Ѿǽֹߵס
û֪ôģں̵ܶʱͻȻĸȨգҷָĸŶԵ۹еķѾݵɨʽɱ
ƫƫֹؼʱȴ֮ĹڲʧȥϢ
һ֮ڷѾû¿ʼڽڰˡ
ʦҲΪԭ»صѾִ֣ǡ
û˵꣬˶֪ʲô
ζλʱ컹Щ£Ѿž׷ɱɥ֮Ȯ
ѾĴ֪
˵Ѿȫ˽֮ΪС
һƬš
*
״ֺòıԭƻ
ԭҪǰĻѲȫ֮Ĺ󣬴ǳѸٵظıĿĵء
İ£һΪ۸ӵ·ߣʼµĻܱûǰС
һпȥƺȻڿ֮ڣȴĬ
Ȼһ뵽Լĸŵһһ֮ȴ˶ԷѾΧ£Ѿִ˾޴ѹ
֡
ڼȻÿֵĲҴš
۶ɥĳĸؿ¶ԷִʲôϢȴû뵽һҵֻΪ˸һ
㡭ȵȣ
־ȵؿűݵԼеĽ壬ֱԼ۾
ȻͺѾˣȷʵһ̨ն˻
ؿɫڸֳһ˿Ц⡣
ǵĺ߶۹ı߾Ѿ̨ն˻źżǿֱ½ӦҲͦǱߵġ
Ѿ˵


117 
̨ն˻һǿ, ˲Ѿõ
˲æش̨ӣϤĽԼǰ, Ѿ뿪õĳĸ, ָʼ΢΢
οĿ¾, ȥĵ׵һ˿̾Ϣ
˽, Ȼת뿪
ո߳ȣӭͶ÷÷ɪ˹ߴӰΪѾĵǴ÷ɪ˹Ϊİί߼Ա, ҲòְֵַܹصĹһֻ˵Ȼһ, ͬ, ÷ɪ˹˵ÿһ뿪ֶһο̡
ڷһ󣬾͸ڰѹ÷ɪ˹ͷ϶ѹȥȷʵῴǲһֻΣյ, ϲĸ߼۳档ðɣֿɵΪ, ôǳϵȼߵֻ۳֮
£ңǲ֡
÷ɪ˹üҿŴֲҷȻ˵
ָĸͬ˼άģʽȻֻ࣬һֻ۳Ϊİ¡
˸һ¡
Ŷȷʵ
Ѿ÷ɪ˹۵ɫԸо, һһܲĵС
û, ˵, ȻԼֻһࡣԡȻ, ԣͬһֻûʧֻзĴͳ۳粽߸ûκô÷ɪ˹ҿԽǲԽܼѹǡǡ෴ֵɣ
̬̹Ȼȴ͸һ˿
ҼǵҲǱãΪʲôȴһͳ۳ӣڶԴֵʱӦøһŶԡ˳˵뿪ʱֻܸˣ㣬ھͲȥ
˵Щﳤȥ
÷ɪ˹ȴվԭվ˺һ
ŵĻ΢ػ˸ߴĳЩ˼
ǰѹ˾޴£һֻͳ۳档ΪֵĴͲĸʶֱ÷ɪ˹޷԰Ρ
췴ӦˣϲӵԼ
÷ɪ˹̲סԼ֡
ҡ
ϲģǼеѧɭǼ̳˺ɭݣȴֻһֻ̰Լأ
ûȷݵʱֶΪϣĳʵҲ׽
һֻǵƫԼ͵ô죿ҪиӷƫõĳԺֻϲԼ

Ȼ֪ȥǳ÷ɪ˹ǲĻûʧ
ԽϲǸˣԽǻֲ̿
Խǻֲ̿ģԭʼԾԽȡ
ʱ֪÷ɪ˹ҪѶŲԼ׻Ϊ̰۳ռ˵ĳĸ
Ⱑ
÷ɪ˹һɬ
һţڲȻ֪ԼѧѾԡϣ͡ɭĴ׳Եˡ
עȫ˸նϣԻٶȵԼĸ˻
Ȼʼ˷ܣȴԼ˻صеѶϢһһֶȥ
յ˺ܶܶѶϢ
Щй档
˶ѡ
㶵ؿԼѶϢб
ͨѶ¼ϵַǳգ뿪ѧУʱΪ˱ȺϲԼɧţַǳϵĻIDĨԼڵкۼ
ҿ϶Ѧң֮⡣ڴѧʱЩͷʹĿ˵Ͳ֪ԼѾо
һ˵ӵһҵЩ֮ǣҲԲעƫԶϵһįоΪֶ˾ұը
Զ֪Ѿǳ¹֮СЩƿŷ׷ȥɹÿһܹõҸ
ܵ׷ֵʱÿһ˶ֵúû־ͻ᳹ȥһǵʧˣǵҲһ
˵ֲһп޵˶ѡ
һжԼѡģǵأֵµ¼֮ŷּԼҪȥҲһƬտյ
ûŲĥǣ
ͬģҲûǻزɵĹ鴦
ЩƵġ
ְֽԼؿڣЩɻĿ便ģ
СѾԲζҪ齨һͥ
ԼǳϲĺӣԼҪ֮һˣĻҲõԼԶ¶ˡ
͡
Ȼֶ棬΢Ц
ʵҲûκҪĵĵط
Լ˵
ǹɵĺӻˣԼڲ֪ѾȫӵС
뵽۵׵Ȼȥ
ָ΢ͨѶַϰһϤ֡
ڰȵͨѶ롣
оǶοǸΪȵŮο
ʱ֣Ҫȹһġ
ڡ
뵽֮ǰͨѶжԷչ¶ֿĸָеʮֵΣţ˵Ĳ
ֳƫԶŮԼʱ򣬿еĳŵȻҲôеڴ
ԼѾڸ˺ܶຢӻһѡ
֮ǰʧڰ˵Ҳǲ
ѵãֶк˼ֱӵ㿪ϤIDҪȵǸ
ȵͷ˵ģ֤պûߣȻԿȷԼʷϢʧٺһʱȻһһֱڵϵ
Կóֵʧʼ˰ȷǳĴ
㻹𣿡
ΪʲôȻͲأ
ʵһֱڼʣҶ˵Ѿˡ
㻹ûңﲻԸңһĵġ

ӽŲĻɥ
ԽԽǾԼĴʹŮЩޱȱ΢ĻĶˡ
Ȼֵ㿪Ϣʱӳȴϡ
һ֮ǰƣѶϢԵޱȶ־
ԲС183һˡ
ʱҲ֪ԭϲġ
ǸҲٸϵˣҪǸ˽顣
֣
֣̫ˣ
ʲôз·תʲôϲ
ֳһȻɡ
Űȴֶ֣õģŮڿǸϲʱϷЦݡ
Լϵʱ򣬰ȵĻ࣬һϢȴڲͣظ氮жɰǶôá
ŮȥǿңҲҪԼϲĶһ
֣նǰôãԭдһܳʾԼǸ⣬ǰЩȫɾһΪȴޱֿף
ףǰͷϣԶҸ
ѶϢͼͬһʱֵ̣ķű㱻ˡ
ѧ
ֳ壬һ۱㿴˴߽÷ɪ˹
ߴ۳Ŀϡ
ʲôǷʲôڿȥܸˡ
÷ɪ˹װµʵ
ӦҲɡ
ֶһ£ȻЦ˵漴͸о÷ɪ˹ϵϢȴޱȳأʾ۳˿ƺĳ֮С
ѧǷʲô𣿡
һӾͱˣЩʵ
ûʲôǵĺߺܸɾ˵ΣաңЩѾҲ
÷ɪ˹˵
Ϊԭ֮ĸĴڣԭʿɥķѾһ֮ǰɥ˿¶͸ŰĶ־
żһЩ̫ļһҲ÷ɪ˹ɴؽˡ
Ǿͺãѧڿ
Ǻܸˡ
ȵȣӦòǱѧ֪ʲôɣ
һ뵽֮ǰ÷ɪ˹Ǹĳ׳Դʣ΢Щ顣
ƳһǳѶϢб뵽Լ֮ǰѾ̸ۼ޵ĹǿֱеĻһ¡
һҪ̹ס
ֵϿ˵
Ӧòɣ
ԭֻΪҾ÷ɪ˹ڲеһ֮󣬲ڷ˿еĴ˲ΪŶ
貵Ľɫ˫˿֣̾ú߲ؾ֣һͶơ
ңǱһŮѡ
ָɰͰ͵˵ܵװú̹ȻһЩ
ȿȣʱҵͱϾҲˣңһֱΪԼϲŮ
ֿԷԼ֮ǰ׾Ҫ÷ɪ˹ǰ̹ԼȥʵҲ̫ˡ
һСģ̹׾ޱΣյķ
÷ɪ˹ڵѾֱ΢΢ð亹
ҸԷ˺ܳһʱ䣬ҲŵҪԷ顣
ֵԽԽСԽԽС
ַǳʵĽԼ밬ȵһϵ£÷ɪ˹ȥҲȫ˽Ӳ

֮ǰоΨһԽλͬ£ᵽ֮Ա䵽ƫԶоΪȻ㱻ֱӸϳšλ̲ͬסĨᣬÿѯͬ£ΪʲôѰԭʱԷ˵Էʵֲ̫ԼͲġ
ʱֲȻѾϴˣʲôѵġ
ڣֱв֪Լ뷨ж档
ҪƭʲôˣҲҲãѧĻſھһΡ
ԷԼϲˡ
÷ɪ˹òڣһҧɴཫն˻תѧķ
Դ֮ҸûκҲϲˡҿ㷢֮󲻻κϰ
÷ɪ˹˸նϵ壬ĿӹֵĸID
С֣183
IDӳһ˲䣬÷ɪ˹ȻԼ޷
࿪ʼ˳βһֱݵǼˡ

!
ԭһֱ㡭
ԽԽ
ΪǿжȡһĿȨһʱ÷ɪ˹һֱǳǿƵѹŰʶ
һ̣ǱӦƵѡȴޱȼҵ
÷ɪ˹һʱ죬ԷʶռϷ硣
ϲġҵİˡʼն㰡
÷ɪ˹˰ź
˵Ψһע⵽ģѧ֮󣬱һ˲
ֱøӽˣ˸࣬Ȼ̧ͷʱȴ÷ɪ˹òѾ˱仯
ȻֳˣһûеӱܣѾ˿ڡ
С֡183
Գϵļ΢΢ı鿴ȥЩȻȴܿƵĵԽԽ
ʶӦһ䣺ǣҡ
ϲԿ⣬ϲǣ˵Ҫȥϵ档ȻͰȻٰϣԼĺϵһѧУΪĽѧȽϸߣѧķȴܹ˵ǳŬĹδİ뺢ӹõ
ִ͵ؿǰİ
㣬ô֪
ȻѾ÷ɪ˹ĻɰеЩȫͰںܾ֮ǰʱ˵ϸڡ
δ
һͻȻʪֵ
һ̧ͷʱŷ֣ʱֱص˫ĵɫˮ
һЦţһ߿˳

ںܶܶǰִйһηǳȤɱ
һģһӳĴ
͸ࡣѡ֮£ǸߵȼҲûз̫á
Ψһðеֵǣӳȷ޷֮ȴĪʼĳҿ񱼡
ȥȻڶԷһֻ̨֮ǰɱ˶Է
ӳɢľУǻһ˿棬Ϊʲôֵøͬ岻̫һ
˺ܾãȻֻ֣֮ǰ֮ôƴҪ֮ǰǸע˺ŷһע޷յѶϢ
֪㲻ƭӣ۷ʲôҶһֱ㡣
ֵ̨Ļһ̨װն˻
ֻ֪߹Ǵ㵽ģóðݣſԵ¼Ҫǣ徹ȻΪ˻ȡ鱨¼ģֻǵϲһࡣûг֪྿ʲôһֻ߹ټԼѾҵ¡Ȼûãȴֱʧˡ
ֻһթƭ
໹ǳ鱨Ŷ¸֪߹٣Ȼ˲Ը顣
Ҫǿͻ֮ķǰȥԷʸ
ȻԸԶܴɵģͼΪֱӸ˴˾ᰲһǿİѱ˺ϷĶ˴

̸Ȼܹһֻĳ嶼˷
ԼǰϢĳʬ߹ڳгоػζԼĴǡ
ҲĴʹ£ذŪ߹ն˻
ڳУڵ
ӴѡƽȤ翪һȫµĴš
ûԭƬһߣྐྵȻӵһôѤʵ硣
Ӵ˳ݡ
ȻΪһ壬ڵ½֮Щ룬ҲԸҲȻʮֳǸ硣
ȻһСģһ࿴ʮ޴ƭУѳ彫˻ޱȷĴȫƭ˳ȥ
Ϊ㱻߳
Ǽǰ֮ǰĵһ̡߹ٵǷǷģһ߳½Ͳ֪Լλصȥ
ͼѰ
ǣǸޱȾѤõҪһֻ˵̫ĳ塣
ֻܴվĽ䣬˫ߣңɼ硣ֻʲôõģûҲΪǺõĹߣʧ覴ƷֻǿµĹ
ΨһƽٶһСᡣ
ûǮϢˣ
Ȼ󣬾߳һСʱһİIDԺѯʡ
˵թƭһëǮûʣ֧֮ϢãԼޱ
ǰⱲĵˡ
ҲǸ˵ID̽
С֣183
*
ǳĲصڰĳ
ʶֵġ
֮ǰҲᡭ
˵Ҫ𣿡

ɫ۳Ļһ仰Ҳ˵


118 
ɫҰױڰĻ, ͼթƭʦѧĿγҵĳýǰʱڴǳһ, Ѿǵʱݵԭ֮ĸԼԭ֮ĸİ۳档
һ൱ʵĲշ, ڴǳǴ˾ᰲķɴʱ, ֻߵȼĳԱſá
ķȻ˷Ѿĵߣζʿ
ϵĳڿ, ԵЩ͡
ֱͦվǰ, ̬ȹȴ
ʦ, 㿴ȥǳǼһ
Ѿ˵
ûеǼһ˭, ҶѾ֪÷ɪ˹Ѫᡣ
Ȼζֵ÷ǳ, ڽʱһ۾Ϳ˶÷ɪ˹̬Щ֡
ζĳ˵ڿ÷ɪ˹һ˲ļ;ʵǷǳ
ϾڷѾ, Ҳ֪λ˷Ѿڱ֮ͥǰͥеλʮֳߵĴ˾
ᰲζʱֻͨ, ζֻҪָ̧̧Ϳսᰲͷ­
ƹ̲ͥϰ꣬ټϷѾ֮ĵ룬Ѿܹζ, ֱǰ, ÷ɪ˹
ǵʱԼ, ζֳ˲, ֱͿʼ, оĳֲԤУңȻһԤӦˡ
ζʱȥ
뵽һˡ
ζתѹúܵͣ·ԱԼĵƵġ
Ŷ˭
üͷʵ
ȻѧѯʣζȴͻȻ˻⣬ʼ߶߶˵·صĹ
ӦѾ˵ܶˣһԸӵһȱ壬ֻҪӵһ壬ٴμһλĸסʱ㲻ٱ¡
ǵġ
嶼Լǰο¡˵ͷ
ζǵ۾ϣԸоԷʱʵûڿԼ
449šѾǳˡһΣҲ˵ܹõ塣ǣ㣬޷ﵽǸ
˵һ¡
ǲ˵
ԼĹȥѾܶΡ
ɶڵʱ˵պˮʼǵͷǿԸܵƤеʹΣգҲ֪ʱ㵹ȴʼ޷Լǽ˴ʵ飬Ҳ˴Ŀ¡壬Щ¡岻Ҫ˵ﵽԶԶ㡭˶֪ΪʲôĻѾΪڵĿ¡ӻ޷ٽм¡ĳ̶ȡ
㣬ĴڱѾһ˲żȻǸ޷ٸϷ漣ʱǺټȥĻ̲ĳ壬ܱ޷ԸֱԳ档"
ʱ꣬ôɣ֮ζ£۵Ȼдһ˿ԼҲδĵ־塣
ڵʱ£±ֱɱҲѾһĪĶ͡
ΪھʱǾ֮Щ˼оԻᱻֱӷ벢ҼƵ֮ڣɿԽиͷġԳ桱
ûۣǵĴھĺǻ³ꡣ
ĹУеԳȻԸ֪һУǻо־壬¶Ǳװ壬ȨûСһɡԳ桱ΨһܹľǻеһЩζݡ޷κϲŭ֣ҲٽΪǶڵ
ǵҪ
޴Ŀ־֮£̲ȫԱòðղһַʽ塣
ȫԭеĻ򣬺ܿЦһֱƴرԼԭ壬ΪͿáĸססԼݣʵϾǷԭʼѾ滻ˣģֻһĨѷƫִ顭ζһĨЦʱպһ̴֮Ĺз̣ʱͷвٸ߻Գѡ͵͵㵽һųѣȡгΪ壬ҽǸѪͻ۾ڳ֮ϡ
ǵʱΪҲֻáݡ˴Ļγ壬ÿһֻǸոմӵĹ֣Ŷһ㶼֣Ϊϸ˵Ǿһǰδе˹塣ȥ磬֪ЩļͥЩûκֵޱζʳ඼֪ʳҪףɵʱȴ԰ͯһ㣬һεĴ㵹ŸֻԭϣΪŪʲôöʵǵʱҲûԼɹֻǡֻѾ
ζײ߶š
Ƕ˷֮Уǣ˵ϣĻ֮УһУһһֻĳ塣
һʱԺѾֻ۳
̣ȴûдζʦĻ䡣
Ƕô
·ֻص˹ȥʱζıȻп
ӵ쳣µ޴з֣ҲԶ档ҪǣӵѪᾪ˵ĹԼӻ򡣿˵ֻ壬ںегŵ㡣һġ¡塯׸ֻӣӴ˽İѺ֮ǡ
֮ǣ
ǵһ˵ϻʲô֮ǡ
ζЩ𱸵Ƴһۡ
ˣͳ˳壬֪ͨʮꡣڣҲ㷢ģ֮ԻǳߣΪӵʲôȨҪ۹ΪṩԴΪԼ¡帶ۡ
⣬ɫѾ÷ǳѿˡ
ԵʱǾ׸п飬ԵػٵһСΪһֱﶼΪ۹ĸס

*
ǰ̲
еĹ̲Ա£ˮԱߡ
һѩ׵׳̬ӪҺл
Ȼġ
³¯ݣһʦŵظп
673ָ궼ѾִޡܼЩݱֵø
·Ӧ͹ʦĵૣʵϿյЩԳңʼϵĲ
̫ˡζӦˣ
ǿĹǿ˿ӻҲټǡ
г˽ϲʡ
е弸ϲǲûע⵽ʵ곤µɫ
ֱһֻʶ˵ǾɵĻ
ӵ壬½ΪǿĴڣΪĳ֮
֮оȻ֮һƬš
˸п壬ɫҲýӲʱڳĳڴɺĿϲѹʶһ£׸еĳ嶼ͳ֮£ҲûκĿܡ
̲ſڣһ幾ת飬ƶԼҪ뿪ʵҡ
û֪һҪʲô
ֻ֪ƶŲһ˲䣬վһ嶸Ȼ̧Լǰ֫״ĹצҪֻĲ֮ϣ˲佫һ
Ҳһٶ׵ĿһҵѪϴ
еĳ˲δֻʱסԼȻҲеĳܹøԶޱȿ־壬־õ
ʵعžлվŵĳ嶼Ǻߡ
ǵֻ塣Ǿֻõ
ζһһˮǰˮǿ壬˵

û𣿡
ǳڣޱֱʵ˵ζ˵ͷ
ЩԳ档
ζָЩֻʣ´Եߡ
ͳһܾǵָ
ȵȣ˵Գ桭ܾǵָ
ǱӦֻһڻļԪǸʱЩԳȴ¶˾˵ĿǲǸˣҪ̲ݣЩԳ滹ʱʵǱߵĹ
ԣ
ڡ
㱵˵
·ֻص˵ĹʦǾĻϿЩԳ淢ַ
ʱопδΪǾ壬սɱңҲΨһɱĴڡڻֻֻ֮壬ɱı泹׻δ
һѾװ壬ֻʣӵġӣ
Լƽһ㣬ֻҪһ뵽ζ۵ܻ˭ͲܿƵıø΢
ʦ仰ǳɵҡҡͷһζ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
ûа취ȷٵʱû֪ǷġеĳЩԳʱ֮ԿһЩͨ巨顣һЩЩԳֻڷ衣಻ţܹ黹Ҫѡ㿴Գܾǵָǻбİ취ֻܹʵ壬ȻۺпܾǣҲЩļԭǸﱻɱδҲΪӰ
ͬģֻʵõң档
ζɳơ
أ
׷ʵ
ʦ̧ǵ۾רעؿ
Ĭ֮ζżڵ
ǼҲõǾ壬ȻҪǡԳǣһޱδһǻεδ
ζûйĽԳĳ
ȻֱȻΪġ
оͶĿ⣬˵˺
գͻ롭ǽѾɵ֡
ȻѾԤУ仰ʱǲķһ
ʲôЦ
ʦӦѾü
ɴʱζѾԼ˼֮Уûв˿βסĻҡ
еһ˵ʱԵЩ߶߶
̫壬з֣ȻʢĻڷ֮Ѹٽ˶άϵͳȻԭΪִôصԣ֮ĵȼʼѸ»
ಿ֮ʣһֳ˷ǳԵĻԭʼԡĺҲøСҶзֵ嶼˻ڸǣҽһֽҵĳѡʵ673һ֮ͥⳤڲһ覴壬ǽһöʧܵĲк˽ϡܿöѣȥ÷ǳãǵģڳ֮ȻзǳǿȥֻһЩ޶۶ѣ̲ҲҲпܻΪû˻֪ǶôƷ
ԭƻڰƤ֮ǰ֮ͥһֺĲںϣڿѪ֮ǰдɱ
ƻִ֮ǰ˶Ϊ㣬Ϊ˾ͥ
૽ʦĻͷ
ûнзԭ֮ĸֻӦ峤ԺӡζЩ㱣һǵϢֻվǰеսϢǣµı壬Ӧû֮ͥС֪иǸ˵ĺ壬ҲΪ
ԣڽֻ壬ʲôݣ
ζصʵ
Ҳ֪
ڳĬ֮ޱȸɬӦ
ȷʵ֪÷ɪ˹ڵʲôݡ
·һжڤڤбźˡ
ڶǰھ־֮еĹʦǣڲֻ֮ľͼƻȥ˿ЦûκδɵĿܡȻ֮ǵİȴһָĵķʽ¿ʼת
÷ɪ˹ѪᣬԳԤԣɱ壬ޱķʽͰķ֡壬ôǡõسΪֵˡ
˵ν˵İţ˵˵ı
Ҳϲشװĺӡðһи
ϣ̾Ϣţֱ֣ϡ
˵Ļߡ
ı廹ͥг˯ڴǳϵһֻ壬ںʲôڶڼΣյ״̫ɶΣյĳޱȻҵķʽǾ֮Сκһ㲻ƽⶼںڲҶɡֻĸ673ʲôϵôҪںϡ
Ȼܿͻ᳹ױ


119 
֪Լô뿪ζķġ
ڹ, ÿʱʮڸԼλʦһЩ̸ṩϢԼ˼·Ψһȴ⡣
֪˹÷ɪ˹, ˵, ֻ֮, ӱǰδеҡ
ΪѾ쵼Ѿܾöûã, ֪ǷӦðԼζõϢȫ߸֡ҿ϶ԼʦʵѾ˽ۡζ֮ԻôϸѶϢ, ϣܹһתĳĸ
ûκ, ڹԭ֮ĸϣ, Żԥذζİʾȥ, һЩַһַȥʹֿ÷ɪ˹, ֻ߰Į۳棬Ϊδںϰ, ȻΪνĳϣ, ﷢һ
Ҳǻɹ, ЩԳŵ÷ɪ˹ɱΪµߡ
, п, ЩԳ濴ֻĳƽõӰӡ
, ÷ɪ˹ںϰΪʲô, Ļ𣿴֮ǰõϢ, ֶΪļһһֱĻִ
޴, 񣬱ŰѡΪĴڡ
÷ɪ˹һںһǸĻȥ룬ҲԸȥȷʵе˲
ϲ÷ɪ˹ǣԸоõֻ۳֮䣬ĳ޷ǿҲȷֻֻΪ÷ɪ˹ĳ壬ܹѣԻرܹϵ֣չֳɵЦݡ
ܹں˰÷ɪ˹
ȷһ㡣
˼УѾ컺߹˴ǳĳڿռ䡣
֮ǰɳСõʳ۳ʹãκľ޴ı䣬˾ᰲĲõȻʹáѾҲûа취ֿסջϾʱȻȻرۼ
ڵǶս񻹻ķѾϤѾٵÿˡΪԵʣһĿг嶼Щнͣ˶ԻǻζŴ룬˳
ˡ
졣

Ҳǿʱ̬Ҫ̹Ȼöֻ࣬۾ޱ̬Щ̫ȶ¶˳еްƣһ֪֮ǰŸԼ˲֭Щ֭ھͺһҲֳƵͬ֡
ϴ㣬ôˣڵɫѾʲôͿһ
ͣҴϿûзѳ桪
ԣϴͿѳɡ

ǿЩЦ
ڳ²㣬еĳ嶼һרڲѵѳ棬ֳûд֣֮ڽ伾ǻսֻҪӮ˵ĸӵΪԼѵȨǵ̬Ҳӽӽ壬ھ֮󣬿ȡĻҵ´ѡ
Ȼĳкѵߵȼ塪ȡ㹻۲ͻ䡣
ô˵ڳĸѾԶȥ۳ǵķֳͨڷĲɼõй
ǳǿظЩ壬ЩɬЦ
ûãг嶼ð
һ֮һֻ̽ͷ̽Եð˳ı飬Сĵ̽
ˣҪȥԭ֮ĸ

̫Ѩһһ
ЩȻ˿̵ĳɵ˿϶
Ѿ۾ޱ
ϴԸԭ֮ĸǣǳǳǳмĻع顭
ˣλĸǼһ˵һĺ᣿
ת£һֱΪԸԶԶ˳죬ԭ֮ĸӵ𾴡

ǿ񣬸ɰͰ͵ӦԼЩ¶ֵףɾڴʱڳȺĩˣһֻߵȼ巢һޱɷ羰ߡ
ǣҪ𣿡
ŸߵȼĳȻޱΡ
ͷĴǻζһ£ĿȻԽȺ׽˿ڵ塣
һЩİԺзɿЩ˵Ǵ֮ʦԼĳϣˣǰֻ˹԰֣ʧ֮뷴Ѿĸ߼塣
ݵ飬ֻ԰һֱȺ׷ɱֻ֮ܲڷѾĸǲܽ뷴ѾĺĵģϾȷʵЩŹ֡ڷѾ˹ûͬ˵ĵѽڽ˰ܵķѾ෴ƾԼǿ˲˴ĸžΧ˳
ڽ봿ǳ֮󣬼г嶼ԭ֮ĸԼͬڶ˷ܡķӦȴȻ෴
ڼĳУ˹ԳĸƺһԽ͵ĸ
עĴǣС׳档
ĿϬضֻ԰֡
ھڳĸµĴϡ
ľ棬˹˳ǣǿȥеһ΢ЦΪѾݵԵʣ΢Цȥ
֪˵ҵȻ֪
ݺύİ̺۱鲼̬ٿȥǱǿзһĿֲߡ˵ĳ̬ӿ£д˵Щսֻչ¶Լĳξž档
ڿ˹֮ǰپĴЩţڿƺҲǿѨ硣
˹ЦݶеһǿҵĲĻ˵һ߻档
Ǿͺá
˵
µԸ֪ĳĸһóİദǡ˹Щ䣬󵽵ģȱġĸסҲϣҴϿκζļһ
Ѿ䡣
ȻһƲסԼɱǸһĳ嶯
˹һֹŹֵ
ĶǶô𣿡
·ѯʡ
һ룬һɳƵЦ˹ĺ
ǰӦǡᡭᵽΪûͲУǣǺǡ
Ȼߴªĳ˻壬ŻصԼλϣظ壬ǹоòٳͶȥ΢Ŀ⡣
٣ϴ˹ֻǺȶ۲ͷϿɲκһֻԡĸס
ѽǿԭ֮ĸ֮ǰ·ʱЦˣ

żֻԲ΢ɳһЩ
˹һۣжԶԷɱⲢû˿ˣҲû˵ʲôǳĬת뿪ˡ
ʱʦһ뿪Ѿˡ
ĬĬؼƻš


120 
Ĳ, ӡ
ҪһӰĵطøһ㡣
롣
һŷԼȻ֪˴ǳĵײ
ŵ˹ﻯѾӵ, ¥Ĵȫһ, ڵһֵļװ忴ȥĳ־ԭƽͨ渲ʪҺҺ֮Ѿ𽥸סǼܵѪƤޱĵƹ¿ԼĿŵ˹ڲԻ, ٿһ㣬Ըо޴𽥸չֳɶҲΪг忿зѾᷴѾҲһ
ŵ˹
Χһ, ̲ס̾ʵϸ˵һʬɴֲûѪԵϵǸҷɴʱȴޱԺؽ֮Ϊҵĺӡ
ǵԼǸֵ꣬ʱʮֿգԼΪʲôǻ˶Ŀ
վĽǶȣĳЩչֳȷʵԵĿ, Ծ໹ǳ塣ȴȫ˳ĻΪǿҵĿĸںֶ֮صʾͱøŨ, ֻϧԼƺûʶһ㡣
Щ޴, ֺ׳޼ɵشȡͨһҲõʱ, թ۳, ȻЩܿƵضЩ׳ǲһ˿ļʡ
ԭ֮ĸ
֪Լڵ뷨Żʮŭɣ
Ц
, ȵ죬ƹѾŵ˹ʵѪȫ, ˴ϴǹ, ڲİž
Ȼڴʱ, ڱӦž˵ͨȴͻȻһӰ
Ȼ̬Ȼɢȥһֻĳ˰Ӱ֮С

Ȼһ
һʹָ΢΢һԼĳΣѾϳ˶ԷǹģŵϢ
֣ôˣ
仰ӦŶ𣿡
ƺΪܵһɲǵĽţŵ˹ڲԭѾʧЧĵƹȻ𣬼ֱ֫Ӵ컨̽צسζݡ
ǸҲǹġҷģ
òƴҷɴǸԼ֮ڷɴڲʱֻܵĵѡ
ȵƹŵԿ֣ڵ״̬ۿɼ⡣
ĳĸɫ԰ף۵ڣĿնȫһ겻ӡ
֣ôˡϵɫʼϼ÷ɪ˹ʲô𣿡
ʼջʦľ棬÷ɪ˹밬֮Ҷᵼֻ֪᲻Ϊԭ衣
գգ۾һ²Żع
ȻͼԼʵƴعͼ¶һĨЦݣǾǿЦҲûάֶá
ˣֻǡţֻһط徲һ¡
ɣҲǡ
˵
ţ֮ʱһĳĬ
ҡһѡ
ֿ˿Ȼڡ
һ׷ߡ

ϲԷǸ׷ĳЩȴֵúܿҵѸ֪ȥλ׷ߡ׷߻ԸΪҵԼȥһЩעɱ񡣶ңҪǣҵ֮󻹷֣Լڲ֪ʱѾǷ׷ߵĸ顣

ҵֻԼϲһ𣬿ǣ׷ȴϲǸΪҵ˼ǣһ޷ֿ
Ŀǰ꣬ڷѾɬ
˵ѵ⣬ô
һ
ԣ֪ˣ
ûиּرܵأʵ
Щȵ֮ǰҲҲ֪
ѵص˵ͷҸ֪
һ룬Ȼð⡣
ȵȣô֪ģ÷ɪ˹ǰģ
ǡ÷ɪ˹Сġ
÷ɪ˹СĿҵնϵIDȻ󣬰Ҳ֪ˡ
ֻûѻ˵꣬ͱޱյض˻ͷ
ôң÷ɪ˹Ǽһ֪Լ弴£ȴԼӽ㣿ôԴ㡭
üͷ
ȵȣ˵ʲôʲô弴
*
һŸָһС
ײеնȻñȷسҪءһıƸжֵؿڣϢ쳣ѡڼ֮ǰðǰǳ˿ա
ڣԸԼʲô֪Ϊ΢Сⷢ
ϾͬһڡʵϺ÷ɪ˹ѧͬһֻƬ޷ܡ
ִû̵ظܹ˵׽Ū
ôܣȫǿűжĹѧȫһѧŲ
Ȼжϡ
ǰΪ÷ɪ˹ͬһֻƬչֳԲŻˡ
Լ֮ǰҲڰ÷ɪ˹ں֮ʶ͸֮ѧΪӷһֻķӦ
ҧסԼ촽
֪ԼôվǰάԼҡҡ׹ǵġ

Ļ֮ǰƶļƻͱҪ
ڶߣֶȴޱңԶ
֣㻹𣿡
Ѿͣ»ͷЩǵ֣ǰ˻Լָ
ִһȻع
ǸɳƵؿڵҸղЩ񡣡
ζʦֹֻķ
ãȻʧ꣬Ȼһ»⣬գգЩ
ȻѾޱ˵޷ܰ÷ɪ˹ͬһĻҲʦ취Ȱ÷ɪ˹ڵİ롣ҵĹ۲죬÷ɪ˹״̬Ҳֻһַ֡г֮ͻٸκš
һ¡
ҡҡͷ
Ҫһ롣
˵
ҪһʱԼ˼·ңҵ˼һ½ô졣
ɾʱӰгһɳƵ
ô鷳
ޱȸߴӰӺڰ߳
Լ˫ǳɫ۾ޱרע彩Ӳɫ㱵֡
һ뿪ġ
ѡİС
ʵ֮ǰǴӲշֱӳģڵ֪ϵĴŮȻͬһֱ֮и޷־޴Ĵ
ҲΪ֣÷ɪ˹һʶڲżҵĶһ߲ܿƵظĬĬع۲ԼϲǸ֮һһһСģֵ֪Ǹ˵Ϣ
ԭһֱڸȨ÷ɪ˹ʶΪȾǰһ̵ʶǿȱ쳣ǿ
һصȥͱںϣһɸǿ壬Ȼʱ鷳
κڴκϲĳŬҪ΢ЦͲ÷ɪ˹ؿƺԼı
Ǹ΢ЦϣȿҪѿ
Ҫκս֡Ҫ
״ε˵
壬鷳ҾͻʧҿԱ֤Ҳڡϲ˵ټôΪȥ

Բ𡣡
˵
ޱȽ׳ӢŴ۳棬ʱûзԼڿ
ԲֻǡֻǺϲϲѡ
*
С֣183ΪʲôҪң
֡
ѣʲôԳ𣿡
û˵Ц
Ҳ֪ôѣᣬ졣

ϲң
ܡ
ûʲôҶô˵ҡ
㡭ϲң
𣿡
ҳԵĺܶ࣬Ҳÿҡҡ
Ĳ⣿ұʲôӶ⣿

ûоðֻǾú֣ÿ죬Ҳú죬ÿθ춼һˡ
ϲ
ԭˣϲ㣡
Һϲ㣬С֣


121 
촽, İܾԼӦ˵ЩʲôȻ, ŷԼȻֶﲻթƭʦĿγѧ༼ɣԲķʽǰЩƭͷ, ˿ȫò
֪ô졣ֻҪһ뵽÷ɪ˹ʵͬһֻĲͬƬ֮, ־Ͳ֪ôԴˡ
Ҳϧ, ҲΣҲǲ֪룬һЩΪҪӱ״񡭡ָһ, һεľʯѹֵؿ, ޷Ϣ
, ˵
˵
ǰһָ΢, Ҫõߴ۳ϵˮ
ȻûĶ, ȴɪһ£Ȼȥ
ʧؿ֡
̫ˡ
롣
һֱڣʼҲ֪ԼΪʲôһ־ͻ֡
ϲֻ֣ҪԷͻеޱʹࡣ
֪ԷԼ޲Զӽڰ, ͬʱʵ᲻Զǰꡣ

ֱ齩Ӳ֡
ڵİĪ뵽Լܾǰڽͷιһֻ˹
һֻͺܴ, ȥǳ׺ݵĹ
ȫɰ
ֻԿ, õǳ׺ݵĶԴֻ֪ʵǳİҴΪ˹עĳּ͹ĻҩҺ, ֻ̱ͬҪͺܶࡣ۱Źٴ, ܶβ㱻ֱӵ٣㱻ɱҲʼտŸ׽
ֹ۲ֻܾá
̫ϲֻǣǾܿżʡһЩʳ͵͵ֻÿһΣҪֻʱֻͻ¶һޱȿޱȿ־񡣺вţҲ᲻ͣ󣬻ǻ᲻أҪֿ
ڵģ͸ֻһ
ֵĲ
оӣΪ˱˵ɧţѡ̶ȵҷաҷգͨζžԵĹ¶оʱôڼ°ȻЩ֣밬Ƚʱ䣬Ϊɫ
ֻǵԼޱȷŵŮ뿪ȵļ硣ǸޱȺڰСҶ԰ȳ˵硣
ʱֻΪǸνƫԶֻΪδŻ԰ŮѺ
˵ġ硱¾ʪ˵̤ĳ泲
ĿϾӵĹ棬ÿһϿЩԴҸĹ棬ֶ̲ס밬ȳδܾԼһջԷȥЩ˵۸߰Ǽ԰˵õ֮пĽųԱֲ˼ģռ˰˻
ںܳһʱְѶûȫѷõδϡ
ǸδĻУʼиˡ
㵱ʱֻһӰӣȷʵֻŮһ
ģǰδе档
ûѹ֣Զ֪澿ʲôˣԷҲֻһֻװϵͳĹҲǳŰֻǣ˷ǷʳĲߡ
ִûаЩͬǵѷϣȷţȸ˶̫һ
׾ƫԶŮȥɵ׾ͻᱻƭתʱãûԼĻԷܻǳҵľء

ô̹ĵǰ£ȴ֪ڵԼ׸԰
ƭŮı׾ԱСȴǼٵġ
ֻվֵǰߴ۵׵ľͷ΢
ҺܱǸ
ֲ˵
ѾŬˡ
С֣ʵظš
һֱϲңֻһֱһֱݲҲ֪ΪʲôÿҪ㿪ģ󶼻ú⡣ûϵģֲõǸҵĴ
ѡϸګ
Ӧʧ
覴ƷһʼͲӦóϡ
û˵ڣȴ·еĵ
ûмѧ֮ǰϲȵġ
ʶʱѾؿ˿ڡ
һǷˣ·иھ֡
촽ͷȴЩʹ
ǵģҲϲ㣬Ҳϲѡʥߣ룬ԺҲûа취ϲ㣬ҲϲҰҲϲѪ뱩гԭʼܵΪҶϲǣȡҶ԰ġ
״ε˵
ʱңȷʵҪ밬ȹԼԣ㡭
Ǵû˰ģ٣С֣183ϲȡ
ֵˣҲ֪μ˵ȥ
ǰ֣˳ӡ
ټһֻ壬˿̾Сһ㣬޵úУһȥ쳣Ǳ
ǣӢϣȴһĨЦݡ
ǺѹȴҲܵЦݡ
𣿡
ʡ
һǰȵʱϲҵġ
ǵġ
Щѵص˵ͷ
̫ˡ
ڷһУԽԽףǴ˿̵İЦá
ǸʱϲҾ͹ˡĹˣҺÿģҲϲ֮ңҲûйϵ
ѾǳǳҸˡ

÷ǳͻȻ
һŬװԼڵδԤϣڼ֮ǰǸᣬЦݲõĸߴ壬ͻȻ֮䷢޴ı䡣
ͬϣһ׳壬ת˲ޱŤһŻĻ״̬
ǱһֻεֱסһȻ壬֮һֵĽǶ򿪣ԭǼĲλðһٲƵĻᡣ
ţ˲԰׵Ƥϣֳʥеްơ
ɫͺɫϲߡ
ԭɫʧˣĸ۴̬飬ۿǶһƬ̬ڡ
һ̣ȥһпΪͳֱɿ飬һγɵĴֲֹƷ
ա١Ҫ˵١
ѵĴϢУϸֳһոµףŴλصһٴֱһֻªͷ­֮ϡ

һŰɳƵӻε˳
ִһսû뵽ԼͬɾѧᷢԹҼʵ
֡
ҵġ
ϲҲֻҡ
ʧʧ
ֻµجвſֵܳĹŵ˵ϣָϵĿԼؿڣȥ䣬ǿ
ѧ
ֱǰһĻ׾ˣʶسǰȥҪ鿴Է״
ɾʱһߴӰȴֱǰ
ɫǰδеѿһѱס֣ҽȥ
𿿽һڱ
غǳȻζʦõѣĿһֻ巢ұĳǼʶķѾ죬ʱҲľս
Ͼڱĳ岻Ǳ˶÷ɪ˹Ѫᡣ
ǿѹݵĿֲϢϴŻҵӿľܵӰ죬ЩάסԼ̬
ɵĳ徫쳣ңпܻᷢҿʼˡøϽ뿪ĳܹģʱĶ󡣡
ȵȣѧ
ԽԽԶʼ
ǿ׳ĳ廳ȴԵô΢
ʶ뿪ֵĴͻȻһƬѪ졣
һϤȻըбĵܹеѪ硣
ſҡ
ĳĸͻȻ̧ͷֱֱ۾
һĮ
⧲ֵĿ⣬Ѿ˫һ˲ޱȿնͬͶ˵Ļһ㣬ޱȽӲɿ˫ۣſ֡
ͷҲأ񱼻˱۳ࡣ
عʱŷԼΪעĳĸ˿ѾԥؽֻªĳԼĻ
ȻͽСʱģҲǰѶԷͷ­Լؿڡ
侲һ㣬Բѧҽ͡
״ε˵
Ҳ֪ԼʲôʱֿԿ˵״̬ģڸղƺֱӰʶ쳣һֱоš
ʱе˼÷ɪ˹ϡ
ԣһƺò̫Ҫ
ֻѧָ
ֱϵЩƤʪ䣬·ǽڸҺõʬ壬ľ޳ͷ­ǳªͨϼجεĳ̶ȣޱŨصѪζǼŵɫɫĸ΢
֮Ѿεĳ巢һʹʡ
ϲôԡϲ
µ÷ɪ˹ǾԲܷʵʵġ
һľս˴ǣ̬Ҳȥ¶սĳ̬Ѿǳŵĳַѡ
֣Сһ㣬һھʮֲȶұ£ʱܻϮ㡪
ꡪ
ֳһơһȻʮ̹ʵ÷ɪ˹
ǵģϲȣұóһ㣬ǣѧҰʼնֻ㰡ֻ㡣
ֵ쳣ֿֿԭΪռͼʶϲ÷ɪ˹Ҳ
㰮ң
˺ʵ
ûҰ㡭㲻ŵĻ仰һԶظ飬Ұ㣬ѧһֱ㡣
ϲ
÷ɪ˹գգ۾ĵؼ׷š
ǿԼ侲Ȼջ̾
ϲͰǲһġҿϲܶˣҰˣֻ㡣

ʮ۾÷ɪ˹Ѿضȱĳ壬򵥵һ仰УָƽۿɼٶȻָ
˵Ѿֹӵ壬Ǹȵġ
Ͼһ뷢񣬾ζųɥʧǣͲл侲еĸᱻ޷Ŵĺڶǣ÷ɪ˹ȻٻŴ֫ͼךƤϵİҲô˵ֻ۳Ѿָ˴Ρ
ƺڻָѵ÷ɪ˹ؿã̧֣סֵ
Ҳ㡱
˵дһ˿޵Ҹ㡣
Ȼ󣬳һΣصˤ˵ϣ׻˹ȥ
*
֮ǰжϵȷʵλ棬Ѿڡ
ʮ֮󡭡
ǳڲĳʵ곤Ĳʿűˮеľ޴壬ƽ˵
Ĵ˾ᰲһֱôǳзǷʵ飬ڷɴʵҵֳɵģŵ˹ϣҲܿ졣
ǣǱתƵʵҵˮ÷ɪ˹ĸָȻǳѿ
ĸ߼ʦڵķѾˣζվʵ·𲢲⿴÷ɪ˹⸱ӡ
ŶģɵزϾĵһۣҾ֪Ҫ͡
ζڰбȻһ¡
ǽͬںϣҲӵôӴͣȷʵô޴ͿԸǳǿͬʱҲڷɿο˫ʶ˵ʼûа취ںϰµһС壬һҪ͵ĻʵϵͳǿͬһƤ֮У帺ǳ󣬸οһֱĿȨ
Ѿܾöûгˣ˵ѾҪ÷ɪ˹ˡ
˵
µʶѾôĻ÷ɪ˹˿ɲζ˵ö۳̰˽ļһﱨϣȺһԶλֻʣһˣԳĸĿͶռҲʶвͣģҶ
һ˵ţζһҡҡͷ
ֵǣλ˾Ȼܹôòűӡ
˵ζĿɨɫ԰׵֣岻ɻ˻Լĳ
Ǹˣĸ£ֻӦôõ˴ĳۣ˵ͨˣ̶֭ϻ˥ܡ
ʵһ˲
ʵﻹкüֻ壬ǶζڷѾڲֺѧ˿Ҳڰζȶ÷ɪ˹״
˵ӦרעԼͷĹӦ÷ģַоĿϡ
ҶǳˣȻֻ֮以ཻҺζʲô
ôãֵȻҲ֪
ǵġ
ĬãӲͷƤɰͰ͵ػش
Ȼ˵ִ˿˼÷ɪ˹ϣϾ˼ۣڵô飬ֻǻ᲻ࡣ
Ҳܾ첻̸ԼѧĹϵԼӰ쵽ζĶ÷ɪ˹ơ
ǰϳԵʮֵغ͵
ζһԼĴǣǸֳһ˿Цݡ
ܺãΪĸŵάֵڡ
ҪһһζĻ
ڣ˹֮һʼٶҲǳ졣ңõⲿ壬밬µıҲϵĲ⣬ڽںϵʱпܻһЩС⡭
ֵıһýӲ
ʲô˼
̿ʵ
ҵĳۡѧ𣿡
ûϵýţǻ뵽취Щģڵ֮÷ɪ˹Ѫܹסڵƽ⡣
ζ֣˵
˳Ŀ⣬Ҳˮеѧ
ӪҺά÷ɪ˹ȫȻ֮ǰŤģ׳屻ڵɫӪҺУȥں˯
һֻǿ壬ʵѾ
Ŀǰ˵ٳһЩ۾ͿˡǾ仰֭ԼȥΨһܡߵ˵Ȼֻʱʩһ취ŪһЩҩȶָꡣԳŵµıнϡ
£ζͳʵȥ
һûзӦɿѯʣζʿҪ뿪ѧû
תͷЩεĿΪǶҵĳĸ
˵ģҵ취ȥ㡮áҩڱѾԸ÷ɪ˹˲ˡ
ζ̹Ȼ̬ȣʶͷӦ¡
ãõġ
£־ͷҲѾ˳ʵҡ
̶̼ӣʵҾͱÿտյġȻڸֻ÷ɪ˹峡
һֱʱʶԼղžڳŵʲô
ִ㵵Ŀ»رա

ˮһתͷˮеҩҺѾ½ԭڳ˯÷ɪ˹Ѿ˹
֡
÷ɪ˹ɳơ
ӦҲѾζǾ仰


122 
ǳ, ʳ۳Ѿ˷ѾǵС;ۻ᳡
ǴѾ𽥱ŵ˹Ѫ⸲ǵķ˲, ѷſĴβ֮, һЩҵ˴ǳĳ˿֭, Ȼڳĸֵ֭, Щۣ֭ĳЩԲ۵ͨϼȡͨۡ
ͨ۶ڵķѾ˵Ҳ൱ɿڵļ
ǻˮж֭Ѹٳڿǻеζ֮Сڳ۵ȺøֲڳĻ֮, ͨҲѸٵǲķӦ
βＷΪ˷ĳǣڲԵøӷҡ
ҲΪĳĽ͸Ⱥո
ֻڷһССԲΡ
һֻòɲĳ, ֱֻһˮ, 沢ûж֭ΪϹڿֲ˺ۣҲѴΪ˹ĳªϵı̽ʱ顣
˹ǰվֻ۳档
٣˹Ϊʲôһ˶ֽЩζˮأ
һֻ۳濪˵дһ˿ľӸ¡һ˵, һߴӻͳһֻСƿ, ͷζΪ΢Щճİɫۡ
Ǻöֻ̧֣ۿžҪѳ۵˹ıӡ
ҵСӰɣҸұֻ֤ҪҵСӣֶȡá

ֻѾСͷĿѵõ, ˿ȴ⵽˹ļֱָܾ̌Լı
Ҫ
˹˵Ϊ, Щ塣
˭жļĬȻ
СӳĴ뼸̾ϵİҲһһĿʼ
Ѿ˹, һܾзѾСӵļ˹, СͷĿ˺üλ֮, ԭ˹תǿҵĲ
ֻ֪ܲҪǼ˷Ѿ֮ǰеݵλѾһʹҲǲ԰ֵĴүˡ㿴еʱ÷ŵһΣȻǳ鷳
СͷĿòе˵Ȼ֮ȴȥ̬˼Ĺצ
صѹдֻսĸߵȼӳˣǾۼСӳԱ۳㼯һɢѾ൱ֲ
˹Ȼ֮ǰǸģ
Ͽ־壬ա
ͷ·ںܾ֮ǰѾȥ񻹻ϵģһ߶ƴնƾƤҶѡ
٣ڸ˵òһúøһػ
Сӳв֮ʣ˹Ȼһصİ֮ϣ˫֮з·һ⡣
ªȻ䱬ɭȻɲԭͼ鷳СͷĿʶĺһ
ô㲻𡭡
졣
˹˵
Ȼתͷ˲ҵһˡԭһͨһװĺ֮ǰһֱš
ڣȴڼʮ֮󻺻򿪡
һͳһɫƷĳӰӰ˳
ӣЩƤôܵ
ͨѾǳţ˲˽
ǵģȻڳǰǡ⻤СӡĳԱ
ЩͨѾһֻڷѾ壬ȫֻЧңжǿÿһֻ嶼ǾϸѡŵԼ뻤ӣȻǵĵȼҲȺۼڲշʹ۵ͨҪߵöࡣ
֮󣬳֮ĵȼѹ˲͹Գ
ͨСӳԱǰûа취Ŀ˵
ԭһװѾȫ״̬Ҫ뿪ҷԼĲշڵõ֮ǰ
ͷһֻڶȺĳ塣
ʮĮؿ
Ϊʲô
һѾʵ
óղź˲ٳκģȻҲô󵨵ӵĳˡ
ڡáûκεսɴҲһֱʻغϡҲһˮĳôˣͻȻ֮ǹؽգƾʲô
ԣ԰ƾʲô
ָȼڳ۵ֻҲС
仹ûüش⼸ͷʣгʵжΪʲô
һֻƽʱĬԣƢĳ壬ͻȻ֮ƿǰӡ
ɫպ죬Ϣޱȼ١
㡣ûŵ
ģ㰡
һ˵ţһҡҡλεسŻʱķ߹ȥɫޱȻ㱣ǳֳһļ¶
㣬ζ̫ˣҡҵȥҵkǡζ
ĳ嵽쳣߿ͼͻƻӳȡ
Ȼһֱӱеһְֻ̧ڵء
ǵ˵ϣֻȻԵʮּ
Ŀе૲ϡ
㡭ء㰡
һֻӳԱǰָһ£ֻ䵱̽ĸڰ
ǵľٶνϣ嶼ôľٶһ
ֻлԼ֪ǿŵֻõĳ壬ʵһ˿Ľ
ƵĿЩԱǲŵɢ΢ġ
ԣǿԱڵ侲ͬҲ״ʧ̽Ŀܡ
ǿλɢ۵ζѽ
ǻҳĳ壬ʶһ֮Ҳеʹǿҿ
ζʿǳľǣΪѾ嶼ûнӴĸǶԴгĸϢصֿ֭ȫΪ㣬һӴͿܻǳصĸá
Щ˵ֻǵĶԿеĽ
һЩ壬ȴѾõĻ䣬볹׵ķ
֮ǰֻǴ򵹵̽棬ȻںߣҺķӦ̫ڼңʱԿס档
ȻʵڷЩ£Լĳĸϸܸ֪࣬ǰȺѾ
ǵڵ֮ǵȥǻһĮ
ζʿʵ飬һЩϸ΢кͨϵͳɢΪ˱˺ǣ뿪
ǸһĽͣѾûвɱϾζʿĹˡ
ܿ죬Ѿ㱧Լˮɿ뿪շ
뿪ĳУһֻԵøۡ
ϵĿɲ˺ۣԼٻĲ̾˻ǵע
˹ӡ̶һкøУʼջǵãڱĸžΧ˵ʱֻ˵Ĳ԰ԹѵڣӿµİΧа˶˳
СӳӻȡһöңͷζƵĿ
˹㡣
ס˹ҽҵ˳ġ
ȻԷûʲô飬Сӳȴظо˹˿ڻʲô
һ֮Сӳ޵ѣ㲻̫࣬ûʲô£ŵζȷʵܺţûô
ĸֻ֭ҿʼһЩԶ޷õĿ
ϾζʿǣĸѾ˰ˣٽκһֻ۳档
˹Ȼһ£սȭͷСӳݸĿ
֪
һһ˵Ȼת뿪˲ҡ
˶ע⵽ˣȻ˹ȴû
˹ıӰڷһˣվ̲סڡ
Ǽһ˱ë
п
ɲǿһֻߵȼ۳棬˼֮ǰǲ԰ĳأֵùɲһ
治֪ʲôˣȴ䵽⸱ģ˵ĳѾջˣϵİ׿ҲȥҲκɫơ
Ŷġ
һ󾪺
˵һλˡȿȣڳ۵һλ֮ǰҲѾиˣڣѾȫˡ
ŶҲ˵ˣţǿҪԶٳ۰
÷ɪ˹˳ɫȷʵƯˡ

۳еżʱЩĽͿ
˳֪ӵĶԱǱ˽Щ񡪡Ǽ뿪ǳǰĳ߾ȡζʿҪҩ
ֵȻ֪ζ֮ǰǰ˵Щҩζʲôȥ·ֻһЩͨĲϣʵϣҪÿһҩһ΢ˣϵ۹ͨ
ҺǴ˿߾۹ı߽紦ĴǻҵĺУԼܵĲˣҲӵĵطǲпԷǷ㵽Щҩ
ȻѾǲ˥ĲʿһǰּΣյĻҵشġ
ʱȣڶʵڵļװ峡֮̾ͻῪʼζϣʿǰĳܵصѰҩ
졪
СӳĺǳסԼЩĵ¡
ڵңҪǵǱΪܵĹ

֮󣬻ĳԱȫˡ
ĬУһӳȷһ飬װѾûκ壬ȻǲŷѸȥ
ӳ嶼뿪֮һļװޱȵİ
֪ǣڻȥ֮ûжãһӰͬĻһ㻺ֳԷ֮ǰѾȥ˹۳һѭһһ˲֮ǰǿʵҡ
վλãеѾԽԽŨ
ٶ˹ĸ߼˵ˡ
Ը֪е㣬κʱ򶼲̫һ
ĳĸһɢζ¾˸еϡȥȻԵޱȲࡣճ塣
˹ر۾ϵÿһëϸ̽ڿеϸ΢
ôŨô
·ֻҪһţ᲻Ŀʼ¡
Уһ˿гϸСζ
˹˶΢΢·ԿźһĻɢЩʱǸڸߴ۳Ļݣȴֱ۳ǿԼĻ
ꡣ
ǽеֱʱ򷢳Ĵ졣

Ǳеķɴŵ˹Ȼһ¡
Ϊʬķɴŵ˹زһľҲ̲סԼ֪̽Ͷĸڵʵ⣬ϸؼһȻ˼֮⣬ʵʼձӦеİտ
ֻȵĽһѺϽƳɵǹѾɢһصϸСмЩѾŵ˹ĵطϾµķѾڷɴڲɵճģʵںܳʵķɴܿҲὫе޸ϡ
ȷֵʮְȫ֮ŵ˹ųԼ־ר־ڸӶص⺽ڿǰС
ͬһʱ̣ǳСͷ̨ͧ
ǲΧס곤壬ڼ½ʱͻȻ֮ͣ˽ŲתԼ
ôˣʦ
̧ǹڣŵʵ
ζŰӰüͷ
ûʲôֻǾøղƺ˸ǡ
ڸղţһַǳǿҵı˿ӵĸо
ζĻ֮г̽
ʦǷҪ̽ϣ
ʦȡɡ

Žǣ곤ǺȻͨʲôƵģˬʵҡҡֱ֣ӷԸ
ЩӦ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬һҴӴǳֱֱΣյǿա
ֶ𴬲зЩССһ֪
ʵϴ˿̵ûа취κЧ˼
ζʿ뿪ʵҵʱзԸ¸÷ɪ˹ע㹻ҩȻڴѹֵһκγұеͬʱҲøⲻ
ޱĸо֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ȣſ˱֭ѧκʱҪӴֱҲ̰
ҧסԼ촽ƺһκζ
ò˵÷ɪ˹¶ԭһֱѹĵ׵ıԡ
ͱ˵ʼ޳Ҳͣġ
ķʽȷʵԴ÷ɪ˹һȴ÷ɪ˹Ŀ֮󣬷øӶӡ
ĵԼչֳĳЩšӦ˵ǽ֡
һ޷мܵ̽꣬һ׵׵֮衣
ϵٱߴ۳泹ѹեʱֵʶѾ޽ӽģȻͬʱȥӿˣȴԼϵ۳档
÷ɪ˹ظɳƵĵ
Ҫ뿪ҡ
ƭˣòá

ѾƣߣޱȻֵֻ̿ǿѹեһ˫¥סˣΪ־ϲ۳档
Ѿ˵˺ܶˣ뿪ˡ


123 
Ҳ֪˶, ֲڵõһ˿Ϣء
÷ɪ˹ؿڣ۳
űƤ⣬Ըо÷ɪ˹, ڳڲͬС¹һ
֡
÷ɪ˹, ֮ǰҪ侲ࡣ
ֲһ¡
̾ʶ÷ɪ˹Ļع, 漴ȻӿһϲǸ侲, Ϥѧˡ
ޱϲ̧ͷȻ󡭡
һ˫İĵɫ
, ˮõĳĸʱԭ, 峹ױ֮÷ɪ˹һƺߡ
ҡ
·֪ڿ־ʲô÷ɪ˹˵
ѧϤֻػ, , ۾
Ȿǣҵġ۾
, ̰ĳһһػӦ
˶٣ȻָסԼ۽, գգ۾, ԭͬƵĵɫ˫תΪ۽֮ͫ
˵, ϲԻɫ۾
÷ɪ˹ʵ
֣
÷ɪ˹, Ż겻˼۾, ͫеӰ, Լ˿̵ݡ
ķǳª
ĵ׶Լ˵
÷ɪ˹ԼƺʲôطѾ׻ˡŻ, ĵİΪһ֮ƺҲǼһȾˡ
־Բϲûʧһж˼ʵԼǣ÷ɪ˹ȴȫ޷סԼĵײӿģİĳ嶯
ļ侭÷ɪ˹⧲ںߵԺͺ÷ɪ˹Ҳǰһ֣ܹĹޡ
⼸Ҫ÷ɪ˹
ϵıЩŤ
ʱɵĹ屦ɫͫɫϲ԰ɣ
÷ɪ˹ԼŹʵ
ԣָϲģ˭أ
֪ܻᣬȴǲܿƵҪսԷĵߣһһȡԷĿ϶
Ȼ÷ɪ˹Լ֪ôشһɵĵָϲ˫Լӵйĵɫôӵȴǰ
ϲ˫ɫ۾ֹֻؼֻ޴ѡ

Լκķˡ
롣
ǰɫĪ۳棬Ժޱȼľ
Ȼ˵Եȷʵ÷ɪ˹ѧ֮ǰѾԼᵽˣں˰֮ѧѾԭǸѧ
ֿƶ۷ʲô÷ɪ˹˺ԼͬʱصҲһش𲻺ܾܿҪϲ١ͷ
ȻҪǡֿԸо÷ɪ˹Ǿ߿֮ŵꡣԭ䣬ǿ꣬ʱڱʶͻĥ
ָеһۡ
Ǻݵ͹ֺȻǰϢΣִŵİ۳εЦ
۾ɫĺҪ𣿡
ʵ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹ڻش֮ǰţ壬ȻǿɬͷǶԷ۾
Ըоһ̣÷ɪ˹촽صزһ¡
ɫƯץסᣬ촽䣬÷ɪ˹Ķϣһ̾ϢƵĵΪ֮ǰ޺Եʣִ˿̵ɤҲ֮ҪɳһЩ֮ǰ;ѧĵɫƯˣֱԵߵ
ڼ٣ֻ֪˶װģ÷ɪ˹˵ֱ׵ĸס
÷ɪ˹һ΢⣬ûдѧ۵صһ˿Ȼ
װԼʲôûз֣ͬҵ˵ȥ
ǽɫ۾ҲȷʵƯ𣬶˵꣬ڻĻƽǵĹ󶼲ѧĽ
ؼ㵽ʱֲأһԼ۳档
÷ɪ˹ڿԵʮԿƵظе˿ɰ
֪ѧҲŷ֣ʵ۾ʲôɫҿ¶ãƯɫɫҲãɫҲգһѧ˺ɫɫʲôɫҶԿ϶Ȼᱻ۾ƻѧϲĴضɫ
̾ϢţԼ÷ɪ˹Ļ
ϲѧ㡣

ѧʲô֣ʲôӣҶᰮ㡣
ͬԭ֮ĸչֳ˵֧һֻҪǸֺ÷ɪ˹ʲôݣʲôǶ᲻ܿƵܵ˴Ȼ׹밮顣
÷ɪ˹رס֡
ں˰Ҳһ𣿡
۳һֽʵ
ҿ֮ܲǰΪ÷ɪ˹ıṴ̋Ϊҵһ֡
÷ɪ˹جΡ
Ҳ֮ǰȫ޷άǣȫԪס
Լ밬Ȼһġ
ӵеЩϲʶΪںʧǸʱֻϲ
¹и߸ϵԨеҰ޺϶Ϊһ
õİ
ûнܰȾ÷ɪ˹ޱʹɷֵõҪɡ÷ɪ˹ԼҲ޷һ㡣
ֵĶռѾǿҵԼеֻŵĵزڵԼصȥĻԼ֮ĹмĿɲþȫΪʵøӿɱӾ
÷ɪ˹Ѿ޷ȷԼֵõҸ
Ѿûа취ſˣ֡
˿з˾ૡ
ôأ
ȻޱƽĻش
ҲѾ˵ѧʲôҶϲñŰҾͰıŰҰҾͰҰ
͸ϲǸ̰ųԵһ
Ҳᰮɣûʧǿըѧ

Ҳ֪ΪΣһĪ뵽ܾ֮ǰթƭʦڿϷǳؾԼѧ
ŶˣһҪһ´ҡ
ҽ̵мɣҪöһҪǰᣬ֪ʲô𣿡

˵Щֻעǰᡣðɣ𰸡Ҫġô򵥣езУҪľǲҪ顣
ΪʲôûʲôΪʲôֻҪĶ飬ˡǴ𰸡
թƭʦܹڵԼӦû൱ʹļװɣ
ֱ¿ѧЩε뵽
ȷʵǣ˸ͷβ
ǣȴԼһ㶼ڡ
*
ǳڡ
ǻûг
ԼüģſвǼֻس忪ʵ
Ҳæ귱صĹ󣬲ޱȾȵʶֺ÷ɪ˹ڵʵҼװ徹ȻȻڽ״̬
ڵõǼֻĿ϶֮ɫЩѿ
ʱǲһЩ̫ˣ
ɵʵ
ǴƷĳֻĽǶֺ÷ɪ˹ʵʱҲ̫һЩ΢ظеһ˿ˬ
ţȻеǡ

³廥࿴ű˴ˣεش˴Լǰ֫ȻΪʲôΪֺ÷ɪ˹ġơʱ硣
Ͼ˳ʵҲ峡ʱ򣬴Ҷ֪ĸҪԼİ£ͨζĳЩεĻ
Ⱥ˵ǵѾҲֵȺⱾӦһ²Ŷԡ
ϾܹһΡơǿã֮÷ɪ˹޷õЧѾҲӵ˸ǿĳԿﻹͥ
ȿȣˣʵڵǳĸ»÷ɪ˹ǳȶʱϡʱ䣬ȷʵһЩǵԤơ
һֻСػظ
ȱĳĸԼİ½нϵʵݣҲжֱ÷ɪ˹Ƿ
ۿͷǸ߸ֻϽв
ԭʼļĸķֳΪ¿Գһֱֳ÷ɪ˹ĿǰҲҪ̫ġ
ɫȻȫԼλ˿Ϣɭʵԭ
һֳ
ɫʱøˡ
ûпǰҵ˼ǣϾǳ⡭
૵ؿڡ
ֱϾǴתΪĸڡ
ôܣĿԳܵס÷ɪ˹ȡ֮ǰζϣҲ͸¶÷ɪ˹ϸ˵ĳ塣
ȵȣϸĻ൱ھ͵ͬڸֻ塭ŶӦüȥˡ
ɫһһ죬ץץԼͷʮֻԼڼ˼ȥпܻᵼۡ
ٶǼֻ岻˼飬ǴĿ󣬷ѾֻԼĳܱڸˡ
ô˲䣬ĸͨѶϺȻһĨߵȼ̬Ĵۺ⡣
ˣˣ
ͬһʱ̣⼸ֻææسָңȻޱǵޱȻ̿֡
ζʿȫ廤ӳԱȫںбĸŲˡ
*
Сʱ֮󡪡
ֹű̺ӣЩ˽ҵλϡֱоǼֻΪ׼Һ˵ǿĹĳĸʱڲʧǹ˺üȥֵɫɲ԰ף۵׸ǷһĨĹȴĵҡ
֮෴÷ɪ˹Ѿȫָ˽ڿȥȷʵ
ٴλ˳۵֮ǰһϢγªŤĳ壬ɢϢ֮ǰǿҿɲ
ⱾӦһ£ɽڵջޱء
һ⡣
ͷûȥֵ
ޱȳ˵ǳ϶
ܺζһ뿪ɴǰеΪ϶зյģΣʱǸе̫Ծ
ʦ뿪ɴȥУһδͻȻж
ϾûκܹԤϵõ÷ɪ˹ı֪ζΪ÷ɪ˹ȥΣҩ
Ҳ֪ζǰδЩҩ
ĸҪںץʦͱǰ֪жԼʦǰꡣ
鿴ƽȴ͸һޱΣյϢ
ЩһڷѾڲڼ飬Ȼžôȷץ
ڲ²⡣
Ϊζץ֮󲻾ãһöͨѶͱ͵ϡ
Ѿŵ˹¼ɴгٶ
˵
˭Կóļȴ쳣ֶҲ쳣ɴ䡣
Ҳڲ顣
ɬ˵
ζʿڵǴ֮ǰƺҲʲôȴȻǰ˺СΪԸһҲİš
ȻȥҰο֮ȡ·ȷʵֻôҲ벻ͨζΪʲôҪô
ǴʱҲǼѰͽʱ
˼Ƭ̣˶ĿֱöڰתͨѶϡ
ЦǡͨѶڻӡĻƣĸŵı־
ֻǵе͹ЩζĸгԱԶҳԭ֮ĸֿ
ֵĿö֮ϣü΢΢һ
ͨѶϼ¼һ¼Ӱ
Ϊ˱ⷴѾɧңζʧϢֺò״ʵ֮ҵ˶Է
ȿĸŵ״ʲôˡ
÷ɪ˹
˴˿͸һ˿Ľꡣ
Ȼ˵ζпĹؼʱ÷ɪ˹ȴֵ״ʵǲϣҪϢʱҪ¡
÷ɪ˹޵ֵСһ˿ڣ֪ûϢڽЩ֮Ҫæڹ֮ǰͲӦô̰֪ƵĶԴ֡
ѾƴˣΪĸİ£÷ɪ˹ǿԸоǾ΢
÷ɪ˹ŵûС
÷ɪ˹Ѿ׼ȷֱ֮ǰĸŵפ
ЩȫɱҲãȫҲνֻҪܾȳǸζĳͺˡ鴦Ժ־ͿԵõϢˡ
÷ɪ˹ûʶԼ˼άҲЩ򵥴ֱ
ʱ򽢳ֻ̫÷ɪ˹ϸ΢ת䡣
ǵģҪǵҪʲô
̾Ϣһָ̧֣ͨѶϣĸŵıȻһ͸ȫϢӰǰչ
˱ˣķѾԱϡ
ÿһֻ忴ȥһҵսȥ˺ۣޱ
ȻĸŲûд̫еضԴԼȺ²ΨһһζϾ곤ĳҲڡ
˿̵˵֮У㲡
ͷ漴תζϵȦ֮ǰЩУÿһֻ²Ĳ϶ͬȦ
ȻͬǾҲʹ͸ɴ֡
һֱ˿̣һЩӻд˳
ҵǣЩȦܹպþǷǳʹһ֡
ֻҪ񾭣ضλעȺӾͽڿ֮Сǻõĥǳǳʹࡣ
ȻǿԻһѪȵģǵڳôǵͥЩԳ棬ЩԳԸ㣬ȺͼķѾһֱʹˡ
ǵ壬ӪҺԡ
ʵૣһޱݵӰڻ֮С
ֵͫ΢üͷ˻ġ
ʼûϵóǼһﾹȻ
ɺ֮ȻȥҲôȴҲ⸱ݿ£״õģ
նѾװȥϲϸֳԭʼ֤Ѿû㹻ȶάԼ̬
ʵҲ֪ϲұ
žͷǣĿȴ쳣ɢ
ϣʬ彻ҡ
Ȼֻң
Ȼǰ̽ѾñεĻԵޱŤ
һޱȼ˻
ȻҾͰʦɱˣг嶼ɱˣеķѾеķѾ
һһֻһֻҳȻȫԳ棡
ǱҪΪ裬ӦеĴۡ


124 
ɺ̬֮֮, ͨѶϵӰĩβ˿ͷ
˺۵Ļӳֻص˻֮УȻ, ޱ̧֣Ȼ󰴵öͨ
һλָһļžɺ֮ϢظУȴûΪͨѶֹͣʹɢȥ
Ҳס
ͣһֲŸɬڵ
ѾԤУ»ΪԼ뿪ܴҲ벻⸱ģ, Ǽһڿȥȫȫǡ
ɺ֮ѾһͷβķӣȻĻ, Ҳô̵ʱڼ֮ܿƹĸš
˵
ϾϮѾʵŴκκôͬԭ֮ĸ, ˵ԭûеˮݵĳ̶ȡ
ûʲôһֻӸѸˡ
⵹ǿˡ
˵, ֻһöͨѣӰѾָе˾޴ѹ
ֳܾǲȻķԼչֳĳĪظеһϤУҿ϶ֻҲͬĸܡ
ĻΪɡ
ûüѯ, Ѿѻȥ
Ǻˮ
ѾðһϤĵʡ
ִһ飬Ŀ˲ޱȼ
Ѿʲô, ߲پ޴Σʱ򶼻ʹúˮ, Ȼ֮ǰָ֪Ũȵ, ó˲ĺˮ, רŵĿвˮ޺ʹǰҲὫˮϡ౶עԼڡ
͵
ˮڷǳ̵ʱͬʱˮҲص»÷ӦһЩ˶񫣬ϾΪڻþʲôС
ûиֵǣΪϵԭ֮ĸʱȥԶҲȲĸعĽŸ߲㣬ͨܲĵĿ䵽ʹúˮ
þάֳĸعԣɺ֮ܵ̾ͿʼʹúˮҲǷǳġ
һȥ顣
Ƭ̺Լ̫ѨվȻתߡ
ȥߴĳһޱȳغʹϢ˲òԡ
ô£
ֽʵ
ƽػ㱨
ҪǰָңҰתɴ·ߡ
˵
벻õģǽתԭ·ֱ꣬ǰһܻأУһ߻ܵغߣֻڼ黹ڴϣĸҲܷǵټ
ȣһ£ΪʲôЩȥ㲢ȥӪζʿˣ
ֲɿڡ
ʣҲû˿˼
ǵģʱûȥӪζʦ٣ڰȫĵص֮ǰֻܿԼˡ
쳣ƽƽһ˿ûС
ּµ־ãһ˲ʮİƫƫĻУؽѿɫֱ˱˼
뿪ɴ֮ǰʦ⽫Լļ˷ɴΪԷһ벻õģʵʱʦǼѧҲ÷ɪ˹Լıϣκ⡣
ԡֲŵĿ֮£ȴһ˿ʹγ֪ԼڵĻӦǶô飬ǡ
Ǳѡ񡣡
һһ˵
Զܰ㽻ɺ֮ķӡ֮ǰУھ͸ӲˣעѾӱһŽ֪ʲôʱͻ᳹׷񣬶ңЩĳ嶼Լĺˮд˵ǾһֳͷβĶħ֮ˮĸ޷ģһʼע䣬ĸָ޵ķŴ󡣡
ζʿԼȫ廤СӵΪв˿ûаֽȥĴ㡣
ȷ˵ѡԺͲڡ
ûдԷκһʽ̸УΪ֪κһֻĳ壬ܸķӽйͨ
ȻҲֹؼʱӪȣϾѾֽͬζԨ
ǵѾڲһͽھ޴Σ֮СҽһۿڴгԱ´Ҳ÷ɪ˹Ͼڵ״Ҳǳȶȵɹͱں֮һٽ֪
Ƴһߴ۳档
ԷԭǿϢʱҲ˳ĸеĸֻǴζҲԸ֪ǰ֮ޱܵĹϵ
⡣
ɣ˿ֵĸ˵Ѿ÷ɪ˹ĳá
ѾѯʹˣЩСڷ÷ǳƽȡҴԤǵĴڿԸṩǳȫıֻҪǻڣһ˳ĵִܻء
Ѿڸ۳ӡ
ô֮÷ɪ˹޷ٻصߣ·ѾȫûҲõȫı빩
㽫Ϸǳƽȫ
ƴסԼĺ˼룬˵
ԸĻڼ֮صȥ
һһ仰֪һֱȰǸ硣
ҲԸ⡣
һĮɴľܾ
һӺζԼĴǣȰ˵Ҳ
֪˵Щѣ÷ɪ˹ڵ״ʺߣӦ˵˶ʺߣּһﶢϣ˭֪֮ᷢʲôȫѡ񣬾뿪ǣԼĳһܺߡֻҪִܹܻأͿĸŵ׷Ҳµ飬ֻҪȥͿˣϾҲ˶á
͸ƴˮЩ߲һ
ǿĳҲվˮĸá
þ֪ʱ
λ

Ҳӹһɡ
ȻأȻҾһֱȥ𣿡
ִ
巴ѾƬ̣Ȼ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܿǸӣȷʵŲ˶á֮󣬻ﲻ
ûֻҪԭ֮ĸϣܻвͬĳѰҵټ
˵
Ҫҽȥɡ
ĳĸһһ˵ɫȻƽ
Ļ÷ɪ˹ĴǶȻ
̬ȼҵҡͷ
ܣ
ѿڶ
ظһԼķ
ǣֲûб˵
ѧҪصڲ뱾ںϣʱҪ٣͵͵÷ѾôǱȥЩ鷳񣬻ҴˣĽ
˵
ҿûʲôĸųϵԭ֮ĸݣˡ
ֳգգۡ
ʵҲ֪ɣҽȥѵĲԡ
ۿܣֻ̾Ϣ
Ҹ㱣֤˺ңҲ˺ҡ
Ǿһӣ㲢ףˮѾʴʶ
Ȱ˵֣ȴͻȻ֮俨˺ͫۿоҵزǣҰȴޱģ
Ѿ·ӿһɶͿʼòܿƣĺڲͷȴӲһľͷ
ʱڴ˿̷·ޱ˵Ѿ߱İһꡣȻǹȻɢȥ֮ˤλϣŷʵʱٿҲ͹롣
ʼһ˲䣬ĴԻһƬհף˼άҲóٶ࣬ܿͷӦղžʲôŵ֡
ĸº͵˸һеսϢ
ڸղţֱԼʶסڻƽ֮Լ־ŻȺŹѾˡ
ֻϵԭ֮ĸпӵеĿ
һɱУڰĸǿľ׵İгĸʶЩǿתΪԼ˼һ֣Ⱥ˼ʶ
Ȼ٣һ̣ޱʶǰҲǸĿ꣬ĳĸ¡
¡
촽Ĳһֿĵૡ
ѾԽεĸǽ˳ߵ
Ҳ˵κȰĻϾûһֻãĸ־
ǶֵİΣǣһȵĿ÷ɪ˹
ռǿҵ÷ɪ˹ζôðյ顣
û뵽ǣ÷ɪ˹ȴֻޱƽӦֵҪ
ȻĺɱǼһԸĻһѭ뷨
÷ɪ˹ִּͷе㵣ĵ˵
ԣڿȥϢ𣿡
۳ʵ
÷ɪ˹ȷʵͻȰ֣ڵΨһĵģֵֻ塣
ҲãѨаıҲգЩһȫɱͿˡ
·иĵ׷˸ɴ
ֳ÷ɪ˹ֻ֣ȫһԣȫӶԷָӵģ
Ŀô˾ֻȻƵع塣
֪Ҳ޷Υֵּˡ
*
졪
ѿտյŷɴڡ
һμԼĸס
ѣŲڽĴյʱȻõ޻
ڵִɴ֮ǰĸŵȺѾԷѾǴĳĸ½˴ļ飬Ҳȷȷʵԭ֮ĸ
Ȼݣ裬һμϸϤӰʱǻһǿҵĿֻš
溦ԼһΡ
ˮǻʼѾõĸ׻صߣֺֻԥĶתȥĻĻ
λجΣظٴΣܹмһ㣬ܿƵأһһԼעˮ
֡衭
ҡҡλΣ֡

³һ
ĳĸת֮еһ˿ëȻ
ɺ֮Ŀ˼㣬Ƥʱָе˴ʹҪǣȥ¼չֳģҪ⣬Ҫ
һμʱҲһ㣬Ȧһ㣬ڵȥǳľ
ǵЩѾ˼ֻûڳкľһֵľСǣȥڵࡣ
ô˵أǿŶѸ㡣
թƭʦĿϣѧҪһǣҪƭĶô鷳Ҫоҵľ
ʹթƭʦ˵
ʲôʲô飬ǲнġ
ʵڲоԼ֮ǰʱʱɣЩҪʻѼӰĺϰ塣
ܹ鲻Щϰ廹Ѹ㡣
Ȱ˵Լ
άűƽȻ΢Цһ¡
þò
㻹𣿡
Цݣƽ͵ѯʡ
־Լӵʵںܲû뵽ԼķһԷȴǼʲôˮһ㣬Ȼȥ˺ü
Ѿƹĸͽķӣ˫մѪȵıŰ̻ʣؿھҵţĴƵþǻķ䡣
ȵļԭ㲵ɺ֮ȥ·ʱ
ֵĶ˶ס
ԼӦԲûгʲôųɡ
Ȼ߱Ƶʡ
ˣڻˡ
Ĺâ
̫ɶˡЩѾôԡǾȻΪв˼㡭ôԴ㡭
ȵȣԼץһѾҪԱвҽ˾ͰгɱˣҪǵڳ
׼ķӣֻЩ
ʱѾޱȼתŴȥ
ûµģ裬ȥǶɱˡѾӦǵõľˣȴΡǱҪΪ˸ۡ
ֶǵĳˡ
ͣ£㵽ʲôѾѾ˹ӦðЩȫ˲Ŷԡ
ֻŻŵغǳ
ȻӦʮʱȴԵ쳣淴
ɺ֮ҡΣ֣ճյЦš
裬̫ˣҲ̫ˣǱЩƭҲЩлƻˡһ˶ɱɾڿѪ֮ǰǵѪҺϴĵ񡭡
Щ˷ˣû𣿣
ֿڵӣеˡ
ȴûеõԤеĻӦ
ҲҪ
¶һ˿ŤЦݡ
˵ѾһԵĺˣ𣿡
Ѿĳ˵
ԣҾҪ
ž
һİлĵ÷顣
ֵ֡
ֱӸһơ
΢ʹ״סˣȻվԭأĿ˸ãȻ
֡
ִԼ
촽
ͼȻȴΪļȼˡ
ȻֻһƣǿȥȴԼѾˡ
ú
忪ʼزֱĿͶעϣԼ·Ҫڲֱѿ
Ҫ޷ˡ
Ȼģ˿
Щ˷ˡ


ͼǵſʱܾͲܿƵػΪһĨ̴ٵ
ĳֿ־ҪˣʱѾǰˡ
ü֮ǰ·Ա紵ߵĳĸ֣ϸָ塤ķ˿Ȼקס
Ѵֱ֮ʹԼǰ
ŰĽ伱ٵغţΪͷץסͷĲֱչ¶ֵҰ֮¡
ѾǳĸڹҲȻĿһƣµĳ˵¸Ҳࡣ
ǣᴥʱɺ֮ȴܵĪʹһʼҵط

Ҳ֪һĺӡ
ֵ̾Ϣ
ءء
ԲҪҸʧˣ𣿡
ĳҭУĸŻȻõȴɲп䡣



125 
衭
ðϸϸ, ֵѹƣѾԷſֵĽż֮ǰ
ޱΣգŰѪ, Ѿĳ, ǰȴԵޱȴ, ˵Щ
·ѾֵһƳ״ϣֻ׸
ҲֻԼ֪ڵжš
ԴӸ֮, Ѿ۳溰ĸסߡ衱ԼҲϰݡ
ʵ, ֶνһϲͨ
Ψһܹʹõģֻеթƭʦ̸Щ
ͱ˵, Ѿȫ޷ͨĶʱȡӼҵľٶֲõģֱӸһơ
Ȼ󣬳ŶԷΪҵͻҵʱͨԼضĶֳԼԶԷʧ, ͶԷ
Ҫǡ
ˡԺ, Ҫ˼һܲţֿԵݵԷġܲ, ǵǰ֡Լжʧ, ͬʱҲҪԷϣ밵ʾԷ, ȻڴġȻ, ж󣬱㲻ԾĲٿС£һΪڴƴȫȥ㡭
թƭʦĽ̵·ڶ߻죬ֵһֱڻʹ
ûиκʵԵ˺Ϊ˲㹻ĳָղŸһƿû
Ҫǣ⼸еһΣһʩӱò˵ڵĸоʵ⼫ˣ⣬ֻԼŻֱΪȽŶ³
ѡĻζҵķʽġʵΪԼֻҪ֮ǰһΣŬͨȻһͿ侲
Ͼ֮ǰɺֱֵ֮ûʮģĸ쳣ײٿءţ֮ǰôΪġǣҲΪһ㣬ֺԥظѧ·֮Ż̶ֳȡ
ǷЦ˵ԼԭǲԵĺʱޱظܵˣ֮ԿƵķѪ
ָоһĶߣֵı
ַӦʱѾˡ
֪ԷһƵʱһֱҪΪԼٶ׷衣ллأһεӣڿȷʵõģٷŻһǿڿҪɱЩɾԱ̬˲ͱò
ǶһȺ淴֮ͽյ۹ɷǱӦñ
ȻԷѾѡ鹢ڻżǰС
ҧסأƴԼı顣
ָķɺ֮ķ˿ԷΪˮϵĳط롣
ʱ򣬳ĸݳϢģ·һڶԴԼİӵĸס
ǣᰴҵķԸǵĶ԰ɣ
һֿαװģȫֱ׳˵
թƭʦ˵ԽָˣԽ״ﵽԼĿġ
ȿá
˵Ѿнӽ̻ʵȨˣ
һʾ䡣
ӶԷѹ
ĵһһĥӦԡ
ȻֵķԸûзκη
ǣ˺ܾãȴֵ֮ʹĳ
Ҳ֡ҵ衭ЩѾ㣬ȴƫ̻ǡңұκһֻöҪӳ羴㣬㣬㡣
ǡҡһֱһֱ׷㻹Ƕˡ
˵ʵʱһЩȡ
üһԤеȥ»úܲ

Ƭֵ̺棬صأε̾һ
һ̣ԵþȻЩѹ
ôܲϲأ
ָʱõģԶֻзʾ䡣
ʱĸŵ׷ڵ˰Χǵ£ϣҪߡǸʱԥĴӦˡǣڵɡѾӵΪ̻ʵȨǵҪΪͷһȺ΢ķѾʱȴһֱģڸ̸
𽥱һ㽩Ӳ
Ҫõҵĳ谮ĻǾԼʵж֤ҿ֤һټġúӡ
ֵݼš
ջ֣Ȼת屳
ѾҪƲסԼͱ飬ҺãŰı̬Ҳҿٻͷ࿴Լһۡ
ңһǵġ
裬һģһġ
ɺ֮ʱѾױˡ
*

뿪ֻع˼ž
ֱ۾ǻҲѾԶȥ˶ʱϥһ˺üȻһƨ˴ϣð춼ΪѸ
ûнκεľ˶ֱѲ亹ǵڶûа취ָ
ûʲôķӴѹˡ
̲ס̧ͷһ񷶥֪Щֵǵװβ֮ҷɴ۸ӵĹܵĳڶԼѧ
뵽ŸоһЩ
ĳظȴʼδɢ
ôһ˲䣬óҲѹͲӦӵʶͳҲЩͬһ״̬˵Ҳͦõġ
٣ǾͲܳǳܷΧʹˡ
̲ס
ԼԼģֱڵԭ֮ĸӰ죬ѾȺ˷ǳصӦӦֻҪû˳ĸɳͷβķӡ
ֻǸֿһѣѾ״ô
ѾʮڵǸʲôأֻֽһ£ͲĴս
е˿־塣
*
Ž̻ʰ칫ҡ
֤ķɺ֮Ҳھ޴Ŀ־֮С
ظһ飬ıһǳʲô
գգ۾˵
ôԸҡζȺСӻͷʧˣ
ǣǵġǡʧˡ
ǰһ£Ѿ
ֻùֻáʧʣҽǸʵλε˵
ζˡ
ѾĵԼʵж߸ϵĸž˿̹ĵһڿΡ
²ʱԵôһϢ壬ʱȴ쳣ֻܡ
ǵļ飬ǵĴʮƿ޶ܼ
ǰѹùǩ鵽״ĸ߼٣־üҪʹȥ
ϾζߵʮƿҺɲֻǼֵô򵥡
޶Һͨҩֻĸڲ̼ϵĸ߼Ȩҩ
Һ;ǼˮϡҺԳľ޴˺
ȻһƿһҺҲȫˮĶԡĴҲȷʵȺ߶ϡͺˮϲ壬ܵعӲдһʱ䡣
ʸϡͺˮĸڲⱻǳ֮Ϊʥˮҿÿ޶Һĳ壬ҽɺ֮
ʵƬҲֻҴҩ
Ļζ˲ɣպþͱž飬ͱʮֻֿԶ˵ǵĲ²⣺Ҳζ֮ԱΪҪһᡣ
һ˳½ɴҵȡ޶ҺĻᡣ
ֱֱӴĸŵ

ΪʲôôأĴڣҲͨˮװĸףĻþģȺܵĳ壬Ǿ͸ҪˣϾĸԭҪ뿪
ͻȻһصһת˷һǡ
͸Ĳˮ֮εظźʵĲ
ⲻһ
˵
㲻ΪûСûС衯
ڣ衯ѾҺʧˡ
˵Ҫ޳
˵ͷȺˣǣҸûа취һ£ΪȺѾˡĸ׵Ļһڷģԭˡ
ҲҾ
ˣ·ͿٶһƵġ
Ŷ㲻˵ЩһͷβķӡڸӦõĵǣӦ취ָȻĻֵôôĳ壬ÿһֻǿ󡭡ĸѡǣҲǺ飬Ͼôѹ
죡
ԼӦһΪʹļС
ǸĴ£Ѿ޽ӽڱ
졪
ϵ˵
Ǹʧˡ
칫ֻֻʣصĴϢѾΪȿ־Щ鴤
ۿﲻȻתţˮۡ
֮ѾͲҰ׵ʬһذƯڷҺΪԵʣ֮ѾȫήۿѾİȥ·޴ĺڶؿ
£ȫĿĳȴȫҿԼˡ
ϾѾˡ
ʶԼղŸʲô֮ڿ˳
衭ءҲģҲ
ڿİ칫תţ
Уҵ취ֲұֲˣǸ˷Ѿļһأ
кȻһش󺰵
ȻôϲȺѾôҾͰѷ˷Ѿļһ׸ɡ
Աߵ£ʱѾȫɫ
ȥֱѾĳʬ塣
ǿšӡҲʧˡ
½Ͱ͵˵˵꣬߶µؽһöɲʳѪĶλԼװҪĵװݸ
ңʧĵط
ޱȿ־˵
*
ʹ
һƺߣ˹üͷŲ΢΢ס
ΪܹõؿסԼЩΧеļĸϰЩҪװصԼλ
λȷλ
Գ׿סΪ
˹ֱؽЩڳľٶȻѾ˺ʱ޿屻иϳ̶ȵľʹ
ǣʵС˹ȴû˿ı顣
ʼΪǣ˿ڶٶۣڽжûбֳκε
ֻ˷Ѿĳ壬һ־˵ɶȱܿ˰ַ֮ޱȸӵİʩǰϡ
ĳ壬Ҳûа취㿪Щػſڵĸ߼廤ǡ
˹һĮֱӽԼϵ̬
ֻͬƴӹһĳª˲ҳϻǵע⡣
˻
ûзκζѵصĻѸϮ˹
ȻЩﾫѡǿûи˹κ˺
ڽӴ̬һ˲䣬˹ȻչֳԼԭʼ̬͸̬һڵľ޴鲼̺ۡȥޱޱȳª
Ȼ̺Զ֪Ŀֲ
ֻ˹ζȻһ˲һֱӵ˻ǰ
͡͡
ûеȻκεķѾԼƵ֫ǵͷ­
鼸죬еĻ廯ɢȵĳѪ顣
δ𡭡
˹ָѪһֱ˳µ
̬ĳգգ۾ͷ˿Լڵһ˿̵ʹָԼ̬Ȼ˻½СĵزõԼϵѪ
˹һһ˳ĸڵǰ
ҵĽŽգֵĵλߣǰ֮ľȥװξĺ
һж˹˵ƺϰ
ǳɵƽЩŽŻĦ⣬ϸĹڵ֮ڡ
ĸƺѾ˯ˣޱȿĴϣǵӰԵ쳣
˹ǵӰ
ײһ˿֮һһǰȥ
֡
̧֣ªĳҪֵһ˲䣬ܵǹֱӵı֮ϡ
ǹ֮˶ʮǣȴĳֱǹֱӵ˹֮ǰڳλе˿֮ϣøߴַһҵʹ
˫֣ת
ֳǰɲĳ˵
˹ҲĬѭֵ
һεĿ֣˽ľ֮£ԸоǰĿ־ţܶԷѾƴıֳ侲ӡ
㡣
ڿ˹ĵһ۾Ͳ¾ǷѾͽڶͽеʱŵ˹⽫ֻΪ˹ĳΪɡҽ͸֡
˿ɲεĳ岢һ۾ͽԷ˳
ʲô
ֲɵʵǵõϹ˹Щأ˹ֵʱѾһϢζʿԾӴ֮˹Ҳڸжйѫ׿Խ
кܶΣѾĴ󲿶ӿѾȫû
ɾ˹ȴ˲Ӧóֵĵط
Ҳûж⡣
Ƶӳĺдߴª۳ר־ؿ֣ò͵
ŵĺᣬ·Լŵ֣ǣܹ˵ȥĹ졣
뿪ġ
˵


126 if߷4  ɲ
ϵͳֵһ˲, ԭɳʯѵĩһ磬һ˲Ͱ
ͷ, ʱȻһϥһ, ֱӵڱڵĵѨ֮СϵǷŷ籩ʯµĲ, Ҫøղŷһжֻجˡ
裬¡
衭
ǸOO@@ڶԼĴ֫Сĵش˹ΧһȦ, ֽΧ˳ȺġѾһ޷ķʽȺʱΣյķ籩, ǻеıܻЩǾܵĿԼĸײ˱̬
׳Ӳļ׿ǿ, ΢ЩֵĴѸٵĻع
ڿɲǷʱ, ֶԼ˵
һǿԼ侲, ȻְԵĲǡ
û¡
˵
ʵԼ֪ΪʲôϷѣοһǰҪǳbugϷȻڲ֪оͱøʵ
ֻҲ, ׳ǵƫҲá
ȫϢϷе, ˵·һʵޱȡ
Լе̫ˡ
һ߰˼, һϰԵص㿪鿴ľ
ӳϵͳĵ
ѾȡǷֵ
ϳȫϢͶӰ
΢лһҳ, ־ͷԼȻԸôӣڵλãԶ⻨һǮϺÿԼɫʲôġ
õͦôһ¶ģϷҲƵÿϷȤζԡ
ѵõԼһ䡣
Ȼоľֵ֮, ԭı̾ͽϡ
ջԼıﻹü
ϷϵͳһĿš
־, ֵõĽ, ȥƴʮſǮʵļðαӲƷ
ѹ趨ϣֻֻС
ԭֻΪϵͳõùڿϷѶȣʵʿֵʱֲʶǸ趨֮Գ֣Ϊϵͳʵ̫Сˡ˵ǽֻȥˣȷԽֻ̣Ҳܰ񼷵øɳͷһ
趨ѵͲ΢һ
ʵڲУԸ봽𰡣
бҪұƵ̶ֳ
̲סһϷϵͳ
Ȼ趨ĵطǵ趨
ϾֻѹڵصףƵĻֱҪˡ
оһַ֮ѡڵĵص㡣ȷһֺ֮ԥؽ趨ĵذϡ
ֻڰУͷһ΢⣬һ룬Լͷһʮֵ
ŴȻ˵Ѩϵͳ֮С
һжԤһȥǱڲ棬ֱ
ϵͳļӳ֣˵ڷ籩бԼֻˣʬ¶Ҫ̫
ֻĴ۲һ֮ŷһƬڣüͷѰ˼ԼѨʱƺҲûڰɡ
ҺǵԼĽһݿʳõ
ֵ㿪壬ֱȡԼĽڰȷһ˲䣬΢΢һȣȻ˷·ƵϹһܡ
ƮƮָЩĦšϹܣȻоһģǽˮƵĶ˳
֣
ö
ò˵ȥҲƴëǮʵĲµҲ˲ֻ̫࣬ӲͷƤЩճҺͿĨ˴ֿɼ
ллأܿȥʮֲףЩȷʵͬϵͳƵںڰзâ
Ϣ˺һһǳ΢ĹâޱȱƵ
ְ̾һܹΧ֮Сռѹȸи˼Ƭ̣ϵͳ趨ҳϸССһ͸Ӵ
ȻĿǰ״ǼһȴӿҲûʲôƵأҲùֻײƵıС
ȻҪǣҲ͸һڵǸô
ȫһµĵںܿҲ˱ϣٵԺ󣬾Ϳһ㱡ϱĤֱ̾
ңľս˸ɬ⣬ȴϱĤֻ֮һƬŨصڡ
òbug˰ɣֹ
ɳɳ
ϸоʱڴȻϸСĶ
תͷÿǼŴӵðĳԴÿһ̶ֻƴＷԵЩΡ
һƾռڴõλãַ·𶼿ԿδžտļɰԼͬ߻ضѨġ
ҲΪֻ֮䱩ССĶÿһ̶ֻЩڵơ
Ϸ֮ǰҹجΡϺĶѨȴ˺üֻ˸ߵĳ塣
Ȼ𣬴˿ֿЩΪһĻͣȴһ͵֮顣
ˡ
ֿЦţһŴӵѨ˳Ȼְ˵һҲ˳
ôСֲܵȥ
ǣ裬
һڽͰ͵˵ö̶̵ڿбȻš
ǡ
ǻһֱػġ
һ˵
ȻƳ˿ڳԵĴһһۡ
һɪһ£΢΢źϣûٿˡ
һšһڡ
ЩͷʹؿǰϵӵֻҪȰ˵ʱ۽ǵȴͻȻ֮ƳһӰ
ĳλڿӹϵĵùĸͷһȻתͷȻ󣬾ͶϴиֳĲҰݡ
ȥһ࣬ȴַǳպõĿֲ䡣
˰ģǲ˺ͷǱһֻεĴѹƵģصŴǱϱĤ
ΪĴڣʼڰݡ
ֶá
ӲĿĵԽԽΣѪϵĴ΢΢ĳӿȻֽ͸ϴͲ԰׵ա
ҺãûеǾʲôʱٿȻʱһת˲û˺ڰ֮С
ʵĳֵʧҲ͹ȥ˶̶̵ļӣɶ˵ʱֱþǹȥһꡣ
ŵüֱ˵
ǣǡ
һںһֵ˲ͲǰһͬΧֵߡ
ʱһЩĵƫͷԼĴǲ˲亹
O(*&amp;^%
ǲǻġ裬*&amp;%
ֱŵùǺ̶ֻææؿڷ·ҪͣȻҲ֪ΪʲôЩֶȴֻһƬӵİ
ϵͳƺ޷ЩǵĻ
˵ǣִھϸͣǵĽͺͷɵ̬ܿ侲
һ侲ӾͻѺܶࡣ
ֲĥϳǵĽͣȻҲĥžˡϷϵͳ񣬴ӲûгBUG
磬һƬڣǷ籩ĵɫ
ǵķ籩׵ƬʱǻһƬڰ֮ǰĳ
֪ЩƵΪʲôʱȻ磬Ƿ罫ʬֱ˵ԱߣȻΪѹԵʣʹʬֱѹֵ֮⡣
ͬǷڲϼѹʬ壬ֻȥ˿¡
󣬿ı仯Ǳʲôԭʬܿͱһξˡ
ֵģǴƺǺܼžĴڡ
ͨЩ֮ĿЩƵġ
ϷͼͨСķ籩жֲ
֪Ĵڣϵͳٲ־ֱƨ
ֵ黹ޱȳء
籩иղŵʬ嶼ֻҪķ籩ûͣЪͳ׵ĸǱޱСĿռ
侲ְ֮Լִ֮俾ƵЩͳȫһ顣
ողſõĹԼһֱڻɢ»
ʳޱȱŵĿռԵŨˡ
ˡ
һǳԵĳʿˮ
΢΢һƫͷԿЩڻ谵Ĺ£ֳĶʳĿ
ֲЩǻֵ˴Ρ
ǰ֮ǰΪ˵籩Ⱥ溢ƴΪھѨ
Ҫ˵ѾһСǶ۵ùǺǼ貹ʱ¾ڼʧ֮ǰҲֿܵȺСĳޱеĿͿʱȴֱӲĳ̵ĺĸһǷ
ԡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ʳﲻ
һԼʳԽԽǲ
ֽЩԷ˽ǵʳȻǲȹ籩ڵġ
ǸǵʳʡŵԣȻҪȵ籩ڵʱеʳ¾ҪˣǸʱ򡭡
һ룬ԼбҪǿһԡ
ǿ»ֱӶ
ĸεسȺꤵĳ˵
ֹļ˷جج̲ߵĳǣ·ѾֵΪԼǡ
ررһڣֻȥɵĳ̣ĳЩʱȴСֻûü˵꣬һԱ߾ͼһųԴһһһűĿ⣬۰Ͱ͵ؿ֡
裬¡
Ͱ͵˵
ʳﲻͳңңҺ֡
ȵȣΪʲô˵ԼʱһȥȻͦԺģ
ֻûü²ۣͷ⼸ֻҲ
ҲóԵģ
ң
óԣ裬ң

Զ޷ӻԾ䵱ĸʳ龿ǴġȻĳЩǶ˵Ҳȷʵܰۿų𽥱ЩңҲֻĴЩ׳롣
ҲŲһȺݰͰ͵Сӵء
ȷ˵Լõ⡣
ֲʲôĸ
²۵
üģµĿһ壬ͼھһЩϷ˼·˵ʲôϷΪʲôûвɼҲûл½֮ûκγʼԴۿԼҪͳǱڷ籩ˡ
ѵûʲôİ취ɫء
ݵ˼֮ɴеʳﶼѷһ
ȻܱǼ籩ҪµĻͱΪԼʮ̷ֻÿʳݶС
ʮ߸Լʮݳô˵ÿǿԳ֮һݹ⻹һڳˣǷںڵ
һʳһؼʳ
֪ԼڲܳԷ׳ǻǱʳջÿˮδȫ£࣬ר־ؿ֣࿴۾סм
мֻУʶѧ֡
һġ塭
ֻϧûоϵͳѧѵǲ֪ζʲôֻǿֱʱȻ߰ظ
ò˵Ͼ£ȺǵΪδֵ˼·
ķ֮£ָɴǿץһֻС̡
ԣӦһ
ִһʮ׳Ҳ԰Сһǳع۲ֵı͡
Сظһ飬Ȼһ顣
û뵽ǣеĳжѧһʮʮ֮ǰȻһγϵͳĵ
ϲ㣬ԭ֮ĸѾȺĴڣ˿ѧĵá
Ŀǰܣѧ

ȵȣ
ɵ۵ؿŵ
ǳǻۿƼ㾹Ȼô͵
ֻǡֻһ?!
Ȼ˵ܹõĿǰѾǶ֮ϲֻ̲סʼ²ģʽ
һʽϷҵʱЧҲˡæ壬ڿֺüҡ
99
ȻоʮŸ֣
Ҳ˵ֻǽ̵⼸ֻСԼ൱˾ʮֻ͵ͬõ˾ʮŸõĻ֡
Ȼ˵ϵͳһŵ㣬ȻЩֵ֣ͷӿһϲ
ͨѧĵô

ǡ
裿
ڴʱĸ׵ĳƺҲʶʲôط̫Ծˡ
ǻζԼĴǣַЩųѯʡ
ȻǾͿӫ֮Цӡ
ǡϲң԰ɣ
ϸسų˵
æصͷ
ϲ裡
ϲ
ϲϲ裡

ǲ޴
Ϊһֿ޽ĸ߽ڵ֮¶ȴޱֱ
ǵģӻ趨˵ͻȰǵߣȻƺǲһġ
ǴʱѱֲͬǵĵȴΪֲͬ˷Ӧ
ֵѯʣǺ޲ܹԼ궼קֿܹԼĵ޷ƵȰ
ڵõ˳ǵĿ϶֮ɫᡣ
ܺãôһЩ飬Ҳҵģ԰ɣ
Це˵
*
֮󡪡
ֶڵѨ֮С
ʵ̫խˣҴҲһڣʮָɴطĿռ䣬Ȼóؿ˵Ѩ󲿷ʱͺͣڵѨ֮Уֻճ״ʱŻ
ֵĵôˣ籩Ȼû˿˵ļ
˿ɷ籩ѾǰӼңΪ˰ȫѾŬóھ˺һξ룬صףʱʱֻǿԸоص
ҲϵͳֱӻֳĶռ䣬С񣬲пķ籩бž԰ȶ
ֲûие˿İġ
׳淢̷ۡپʮŻ֣Ƿô󣿡
չռ䡭һǧûϷ

Ѿϰ߶ӵ滷ĳλ·ĳĸڵѨһǣ壬һһԼĻֵ׿Թʲô
ڵѨһߣǰԪ׳ǣû˹⡣
Ļ׳ϴŶֻһȦһȦۡ
ǿɲǵļԴ
ήҲϢڱӦʵĳϣǿȥÿһֻûꡣȻô׳ǣȴֵ쳣Ѫ
ۿŻֻǲֺ޺޹壬תԼĳǡ
Ϣʱ䵽ˡ
֡
Ȼк׳ǿԼ
Ȼ˵֪ͻپ޴ļ尾һ֣г̻һµɿس嵽ϥǰܵĳ̿Ծ˵ʱΨһĿ밲οˡ
ңļĵڶ٣
ֿǰ׳棬Цʵ
һOO@@ΧڳĸǼѵػų֫ðű˴𰸡
ˣ
һŻش졣
ֻЩ̫ȷ
һ㻹ֱο̧֣һһŵš
һҸ۾Ƕֱˡ
ֻĽԼĴ磬ѻԼĳš
һֺüֻƵĦԼĿ
Ѿˣֻټֻš
ǰֻţ
ɶһһ
ǲĵҲº˴𰸣˷ġˡָжÿҪˡ
ܺáջ֣룬һ⣬ôûпɰıңڶˣ
Ѿ׼ÿһֻŶ׼ĳǣ뽩Ӳ
˵һֻţһҲֻǡ
ţŲˡ




͡
ˡ

ųΪŲãٳ˵ͻ᳹Ȧı״ϵЦҲеסˡһҲһ𰸺һŬƽһԼ顣
Уֵ㿪ϵͳ壬ĵֿ˼ۡ
ô˵ڿѧ·ϲŬ̬ȶҲøɣ
Ұο
ȻôҰοʵԶôпᡣ
ûл֡
Ҳûн
ֻЩ֣һëǮûж

ôˡѧ𣿡
ʳﴢԾأѾ
ܵһ̵ʧȫԭء
Ǵȫ
ѾúֻܴǺ޲ųССһš
Բ衣
ңǲᡭ
裬Һܿͻ᳤µצצʱҾ֪ˡ
ͨС̡
ǰˣ
ǰԼгһԺشһš
裬Ұء
һڡ
ſ޵

ִ͵ؿղҵĳȺ
ûû£ѾŬ֪ģԱޡ
˺һֲǰοһȺĳ̣Ȼܹ黹еģѾƴ佱̬ȣ׳ǻԵʮִͷɥ
Ⱥɥĳ̣ЩۣЩġ
ѵͲóǱøһ
־ϵͳͼоһ³ǵԡָڳǵֵʶش˺üºոµĵˡ
ʹѴޣҪٽгԡ
֣
ðɡ
ִ͵ؿŵ
˿ϵֿ֣˿Ⱥĳֺ̣ȻȻˡ
ǳǲŬʵ޾ôߡֻʹðڵļӼҲȺСһԼѰʳﲻ𡭡
ֲﶼҪѧѧ
ֶԼ˵
룬ʮݳ޵شʳﴢУȡԺ󣬷ָ˳̡
ҲΪ΢Ĳͬ˺üȡȥȻ磬ԼԼط·𻹶һ˿㣬ڸҲø֭
ȡʱȺûɵĳǾͲԾˢˢ֡
ʱϤĿˮ͸ٴ
ֲÿҲ֪ǿͲ÷˷衣
Ȼ
裬ԡ
ǣǲԣǳĽţӦóԡ

һſˮһƴؽѾݵߵĳƸ֡
ΪǺΪ׳ûʸκζ
Ϊǳ˳Ҳ޷н޷޷ĽţĽš
㲻ڶ١
ǳԣ
ǺЦᣬѵõǿһء
ڼֻӲϰãȻʮǿаʳ˳̵
ʵ̫ˡ
üֻһע⣬ڿˮ¹һڰǻûĴָСĳȥ
ȷг̶˶֮ǰüΪʡʳԼķݶ͵͵ͼԼһȻһصشϵͳ
ʼľʮŸ֣ѧӷҲʮ֣Ҳһ
ȻʱƴޣҲ㼸֡
ȻʼǿɱʮֱֵĻִѾõ˾޴Ծ۰ϵͳ̳ֻɶ
ǣôóǶȥĲǰ취
ĵĬĬ߶ţֲŵ㿪̳ǡ
޶õӹǰ漸ҳҳ
⼸û¾ͷ̳ǣֻûаЩҪ޲þٱ۾ȥƷбˡ׼ȷؽĻͣһҳĿһҳĳƷϡ
ɫĹӡ
ϤƷ
Ƿ籩֮ĳһ죬ֺȻ̳ˣµƷУȻʵޱϤèͷ
ǵ㿪ƷȷȷдšèͷһĳбιСʳ޵ĹװƵֶԼ۾
ȻŵǣôһèͷҪʮ֡
ֻɹ߻Լʵ򲻵ӵĹͷԲŹ⹷ʺϷﰲôһ
ʼϷèͷֱmaiмbuһqiˣۿųǶˣҲˡ
Ͼϵͳ̳ʲôֵֹĶĥܳԵģҲֻèͷ
ˣֱҲǴģǻҲ
ŬҰοţڼµһ˲䣬ȻƳ̳ҳиǳ۵С㡣
֮ǰľֺǸ㿪ϵͳ̳ǵġÿػݡ
ţ֮ǰҲ㿪
Ȼ󣬾ͱֵAIս˺ʹԶ¹ܵxþ߸ˡ
ֵǻһҳϻг˻ֹڵսǡǸǿҶжƯ
ȷʵҷɴʮƯǡӡʲôͼİ
ִֶػͷĹʵʹģǲȵȥ˿
ţػҲһ
ֵĴͧ
ֵ߰ǿռ䴩档
С
ʮֵͨʳó
ţ
ָһ
ͷۡʳ
㲻ӦôıƷ֣ȻԻᴿԼûаĿڸ߲ѸٵƷ֣ʷǳҴŨҵĺڻӽ۵֭Һڴڰֲ¿ӵиջڡע뼰ʱԱֵķա


127 
ҡ뿪
üͷ
Ϊһϸ, һֳױѷѾҽѾʦͽĸ̵ܿļϸ˹չǰ̬ƺЩڲԾˡ
Ըܵǰֻª۳ɢġ⡣
ֱҲڸ˹ƺȷʵ˺Ⲣûַɾ裬ǹʼն˵úȡ
ʲôأ˹
侲ʵ
䱸֮, ˹ƺһ˿ʹ
Ǹӡ, ֵøõ, ĸ¡
˹˵
˵仰ĸ֪ë΢΢𡪡Ȼȥǳ˼鵫Ǵʱ˹ѾԸ֪ɴЩѾΪͬŵж
ڷɿظֵҡ
˹֮ǰѾЩͨ㹻Ļ, ЩųԱֵĿ˵, ٸߵҲȡ̫ʱ䡣
ʱˡ
˹ɰͰ͵˵
ȷʵӦˡ
ǲ¹Ⱥ廤, սʱ¶Լĳԭʼ̬, һ뵽ָпܿԼɱò˹ɸеЩꡣ
Ȼ˹Ҳ־ԲܾԼƮƮĽ֮͹ԹϾΪȥ൱ɡ
ںܶʱֻԸ, , Բִ
˹԰֡
ҲΪʱ, Ҳ, Ϊĳ˹ԼҲ޷ĳֳ嶯Ȼڶ, ˵Ǹѳ֡
㻹ǵÿ˹԰𣿡
־壬ڴž
ӵ˹۵ݼš
ֻּª渥˹̹ĳ, ׽ŨŨĺڡ
·ںԼΪʲôڲСʳ⡣
˹
ĳĸû뵽ѾЩİֻ˹ĿС
ûеٿڣ˹ѾһԱľ, ѿڳϵǿ˹
˹˵
Ӧ֪ζ˺ġĸŶûкô, , 뿪
, ˹
ôˣ
ֲûаǾ仰ʳڣ˹·Ѿ
ǰԼôͱأ
˹ԼʵҲȫûԤϵгһԼǱɱªģ
ܾ֮ǰڴǳΪֶȥԿʥʱ˹ûԼӴԺҲ׸ı䡣
ʱֻŰҰѡҪѿ˹ɴ˹Եʣһͷ­Ȼ㱻ͻ˲԰ֵء
˹ĸף֮Ϊ԰׵Ĺһֻսҵǿ塣
ȻԼ˵ɱ֮ĳһ˷԰ֵֻﳹ׷еսеȨԼе񶼷˸Լ˵ļƻС
ǵһ㣬԰ֵĸƼڳȺжȵλ
˹ҲԼĸƷһһͷ­ĲΪ׳ޱǿ׳ĳ塣
ǣڿ˹ԼζҪڿֽ̽ӻأǴС۳ӴҲõķ˪ѩʱһըԵϯϲײ㡣
ǳˡ
Ϊˮͷţҷɴ׽壬Աһ
Ϊˡ
˹ʹؿ֣޷ǿС
һֱеǳΪҾ̫ͲĪҴϡУġһΪ㸴𡣡
˹˿Լޱȳª壬ơ
ڿЩΪ˱øǿĴۡ
˹˵
*
ͬһʱ̣۵˲֪ٴεΪֹռС
һĻӶԱζֱӹرͨѶϵͳֿ˿ΪصŤľͷ΢΢һ
Ǿ𣿡
૵ؿ˵
壬Ǹζմӳġ
֮ԿɵһõЩҩΪ˹˫İ
Ȼվ֮ζг·ˣȴΨûд˹
ôǿĳ壬һȺžֱѣɿҲѻɣ
ԥĳζ˵ôֱ׳˹ȫûһںʶʱ۵ռһ·һϲ̵оյֵЩҺ
ĳеһ˿
˹ȥǻˣңİǺܶࡣ
ĻΪѯ֮ζ΢Ц̧ͷ
֪Ϊʲô곤¸еһ˿顣
ѵǵˣ
ζʵ
͸һΣģǲ˼顣
¾ͱøӻš
ѣѵ𣿡
ζ¶һ˿΢Цݡ
֪԰ֵĹ°ɡ˵ǣһλӡ
곤ȻĪһ¡
һ٣ȻãȻص˵ͷ
԰ֵ࡭
ײеĳȴ̫վҫ۵սһ顣
˭Ҳֻ֪֮վʲôİĽ׽ҵʽױƷ˲԰ʷǿ
ô²֪ǸϷӻ꣬ľԴ뾫Ϊ˸ࡣ
ζ赭д˵岻˼ʡ
˵ʬ嶼Ҳȫˡ
ǰԼַǳ׺ݣƴȣҲˣԣֻϷӱ취ռʬƴյһ¶֮Աǵı飬ǼһʵҲȫʧܡ
ζʼ硣
Ӧ˵ֻǳɹˣȻ˵ĻѾʣ޼ҳƷҲĺܳ󡭡ȷʵΪԼһޱǿǳʵҶǶܳƵˣǿߵֻҪıĴֲǾ߿տǣϷ˵Ŀ¼ࡣ
ȵȣʦ˵
Ժ˹Ǽ߱ʶȵĿɲ壬𾪵ԼĴǣһµ뷨Ժ
˹жһͷβĳ塣
ȥɲǽѵսʿǾ˵
ζûзƲ⡣
Ϊ˹ΪʲôҪԼȺ׷ɱԭĺܼ򵥣Ǿ壬ΪϧɱԼ游ס
ζ̾
𺳵һֱþúŻ㱻ع
ɣǣΪʲôҪôǿǡ԰Ⱥ䡭ʲôˣҲ޸ϣͲҪԻǰ̵鰡
Ϊ˱ǿҲΪ˸𡣡
ζ˵ؿ˿Լ
Ϊһλĸ¶볹׷ģɲֻɺ֮
곤ĳ˵
˹ҲǷѾĸͽˡ
ΨһΨһҳϵġ
ֻгĸ¡


128 
ֻǵõһμ˹ʱԷģ
ƫĳ, һ⿪ʼףҲֲֻʽ֮󣬵һչֳĸ塣
Ҳǵ, ˹̬൱Ӣʱ;, ֻ۳, һָΧѪĳʿǽȻʿʡ
Ȼ֮룬Ƶֺ˹
һֱԿ˹кøС
ζûа취뵽, Ǹĺڷ壬ȴ⸱ģ
ֿԼĵĽ䱸, Сĵع۲ſ˹
˹ѾǰʾԼģڳô, ָôΣյĳ, עܴ˹Ƶ, ȺڰֳصϢ
˹ڸֵĸоǰӿʱԽ˹Լп˳ɡ
ֶ˿˹۾, ֻ˫۾ĳĸſϡһ˿Ӱӡ
겻ɵһ
ô, ˹ڵһˣ
ռϢ˹ڸĸŰڷѾڵͽ
˵, ڿȥĸŵĽͽ
˵, ͬʱҲϰµ, ɲϣԼǰٳһ汾ġɺ֮Ѿܹ˳Ϊĸݶ, ֱ̬
ڿ˹Ļ֮, ̾ҡҡͷ
ҲκҲûκ֮Իɺ֮£ֻΪһ£̹ȻĳԼִšֻѰҹ
˵䣬˹ԼȥԼ۵ޱȸӵޱȵ
ǵģĸŴǿ˹ļƻ
ȥ֮󣬿˹ӵԼǿ
ֻҪһС
ɾʩмƻ֮ǰһĸŵ鱨䱻ػµڣ˹Ҳ˵Ƕ˵ǲˡΪ֮Ƿ鱨֮󣬿˹ؿһӡ͵͵ģϣԭ֮ĸӰ
ĸӭѾʧʮԭ֮ĸ
Ǹг塢֧ԤӦ顣
ǸӰӣǵĳĸ
ʱڿ˲䣬˹ԼƺѾܿƵ塣
ãޡ
˹֪ȺٵϢǷɿҲ֪λνԭ֮ĸǷĳĸ֪ڻУѻ㲲ӰΪȥ֡
ûκ֪Ѿ׾ǻںʹȴһӵϣһֻ˵ζʲôǽӽĥĿϲǱſĴʹ
޵ΣԼ˳׷Ļûʧ
˹Լ·һӵ˹â
ֻҪֻžͺá
ǶʱΨһ뷨
ɽǵһжÿ˹еʧֵ׷ƺԶһ
ǿ˹ɴΪԼòֹø˰ί÷ɪ˹
ǿ˹Ⱳڵ顣
Ȩƣ֣뵽Σյľء
һΣòǱĸţҵõοԲѯԭ֮ĸ¼֮ŷԭһǰ־Ѿ뷴Ѿһͬʧãã֮С
ִӴԺҲûټһµĴԣݼ㣬ֵķɴѾ֮ĹĻֺпѾ
ûʲôȾиϣٽǷϣ߸µˡ
˹ѾԼڵ֪ǸϢ֮ȹʱ⣬˵ֻһƬȻĺڰ
лӴѾɶ֮󣬿˹ûκر㱳ĸš
ĸΪ˹һֵļΪ˹˽ĸĳֹߡ
ֻп˹Լ֪κˣҲûκ
˭Ҫȥ׷棬ȥЧңȥĶôǸ˾㣬Ҳֻ㡣֣һҲطˡҲƾ㱻ȺڣѾӵ㹻һΣҿԱˡ
˹רע֣૵˵
ǣ
ҪڻӦ˹
˹ɫȴȻޱ⴫˾ҵŽű𿪵ľ޴ž룬ܼǹֱָ˿˹
͸˹ԤϵȺһȷʵܿ졣
ͽ˹Զ¡
ΪĸװȸĽžԱһߺһߵĵ֡
ڶĳʿ˹ȴֻ̾һؿһۡ
ĺܱǸ
˹ȻûͷûԵأ˵
ϣֿԼģȻֱԼԼ⣬ҲȻһЩۡ
ϣԭҵð
˹һૣǸ֮ûԤϵԼڽļֱһͷβޱѪȵɱ
ǵģǳֻáɱݡ
ô֮Ѿ˷ڳ֮սûмһߵɱ¾
־۾һİӰӣĺҹɫĳѪȻһţȻһšʿԼװݻѪ罦ɵġȪ
󣬿˹ĳ֫ڲ̬ٶȵļӳ£׾پͽȺؼףֳָĽžǻ˷ɢм
ǿЩžͷ­ʱȻֻܹʶǹڵϣʶ˻
¡
㹥
Ľ·
Ͽ
顪

žǲں֮ڣҷɴܹ䵱ֵЩ壬ȫǴ
ڿ˹ʩӹͬʱǹԼڿʼͣЪĳªĹֻϧЩ湥ڿ˹ƺôҲǿ˹չֳĿɲԭޱȽŵؽžǲ֪˹ֵĸ飬ž߼Աۿ־Ȼ˹Ю֣ǵĻ˲俪ʼˣǲسͼִս
Ǽᶨ̬ȡָе˲
Ҫ
仰δü˵ڣֱϿ˹񣺾֮ͬǰԤе˹ֻһƬڡªȴޱǿĳ·˲ƵֱӳǼıļ״֫һޱȲҷŭֱ̬Ӵ̴Ǽͷ­
Ҫ֣ǻŵġ
˹ʶ૵
֮ǰɱžʱͬеһ侲û̫ĲͬոӵոҲᵶµӲһһֱƽ̬ոЩ
ȻȺ߼ͼʱ򣬿˹ҷķŭһۿɼķʽȻըѡ
ѪҺ
ʬ塣
С

ʼճأʿǰʹҲӰ쵽ֵľ
ͷʹѣɫһƬҰףһʱ֮伸޷
ò׽ǿԼ壬˹Ѿ׾پͽһžȫˡ
ֵĺ쳣١
ź˺üֱӵ˱ǽ֮ϡȻ㲻λѪһһĸߴ塣
˹λ䶯ªޱȣѾƵǻεĳЩѵ»û˹ɲ̬
Ŀȣɫ͸һ˿ŹֵĻ衪·ڿʱõֵĺͯԼĸѰֿ֣ضǲ֫м
һЩ廹άһ˿䶯ͼ֣˹ĵ߹ǵĲкꡱһ㻯µࡣ
Բϣûоŵ㡣
ָ֮󣬿˹·ûôˡ
۵ض˵Ȼ̧ͼס֡
ֽŵؿſ˹һ
Ѿȷˣ˹νֻǱģһѾ֪ʲôʱѾˣңܷñҪ
ޣ⡣
ĸ̬еѾԷ׼ȴûԤϵﾹȻһ
ʱЩɣ֪ǷھҪóĸס˹ǡ
Ͼ˹ƺǳִڽԼߡ
˹侲һ㡣
˵
Ǹˡ
˹ЦЦֻһ㣬Ҫס֣ʱϺȻһϸ롣
ǿ翨˹Ҳûвĳ֡
ǡ
һѹ󷢳죬ţ˹罦ǵĵɫѪҺ
˹ͷԼǰ֫žһ¾ʹ䣬˵ϡ
ֱֻšǰ֫
˭㿿ģ
ɳƶͳӿ˹󴫳÷ɪ˹˷һİӰӣ˵Ǳںڰеʳߡ
ѧ
۾ûԤϵѧʱֶ֡÷ɪ˹ǰǾϲǾȵĺ˹ѪᷢӦȴɭȻ
Ӧʹ˿ƺûӰ쵽˹
˦˦Լһ㱡Ĥܿͳ˶֫ĽϣͬһھͱĤϲ䶯ԼԼѾһСڳ֫״
㾹Ȼû÷ɪ˹ˡ
Ǹ֮ǰһĳƺһο˹Ѿûκι
ֻһ˵Թ
漴û÷ɪ˹ش𣬿˹ĳԳЦ
仰Ŷԣ÷ɪ˹һһ㵱ҵ𣿡
˹ʵ
һ¡
ֿǰŵ۳棬вԤпʼ͡
ͬԤһʵˡüֹ֮ǰֻѾһ
Ȼֱ÷ɪ˹֮һεսǿ˹ɱ¾
ҲΪⳡսſȥ˴Ŀģ˲ҡ
ں氬÷ɪ˹б忨˹ǵÿһλ๥ɱ⡣
·Ȼعԭʼĳ磬Ϊĸĳ谮۳ǱȻҪԼһУ
ԳĸĶռǶҺһ㸯ʴԭʮϡǾֻж̶Ƭ̣ǿҵĿֲУȴѾָеһ
ۿֻҪݡ
˵ˣͣ£
εطһŭĺǳ⡣

ֵĺ֮ԭ̴˹ؿڵĴ֫ڳܵѪϢ΢΢һ١
÷ɪ˹ͣ
ȻԭѾѹסĿ˹ȴҵ˻ᣬ˫ѾһƬûйҲûֻ꣬ʣ´ɱ¾
Ҳֻһ΢ʱ䣬˹Լϵϸ۸ЩסԼĴ룬̧Լĳ֫ۿҪ÷ɪ˹ֵͣһ˲̴Է

顪
־ʧĺǹĿǹصһ
һɫĹֱ˿˹ϡªĳ˲䱻ֱӱ˦ǽϣȻˤ¡
ʱպζ𣬿˹ҼһڵĿӡ
һԾ˵ٶתԼƣʵǹıࡣ
ס֣û𣿡
ʵʣڳѪζ
ؿڶʱһƣҧأǿԼǡ
Ȼתһ۱㿴˻߽ɺ֮
װøӾĽž˲ҡ
ʿޱ飬ѵصĽɢصʬȥһЩѾʼڵϲϴѪڸɾĵϼֵǵϻлꡣ
ûãȻһ¡
ҡҡλε˹ޱȴֱקס˿˹ͷһ㽫ܴĳ峯ֵķȥ
Ȼû˹Ŀ֡
һʵλã֡
˹ˤ˵ϣһѪ
ԣԲ衭ˣֶŪķ䣬һ취ֲģҷһᡭ
ɫҰףʹؿ֣ȥѾ˹ĻŻˡ
ȻųĿȴɨ÷ɪ˹
Ŀǰıֻɺ֮ƺҲЧ֮ǰԴ˹ķʽҲѵĳֱֵקߡ
ֻϧĵ۳ֻ˳࣬ѵĻᶼûС
˹ǷѾͽ
Сĵس˵
˵䣬һֵĽżǰ
õģϾͻᴦٶϲȺѾκʧˡһһжۡ
˵˵ͬʱѾſ˹ǹ
ͣ¡
һһε쳣ʧĻӦ
ֹ
ɺ֮һ˿ʹİ⡣
ǣ衭
죬
޿ֱֻķʽǳ
˲Ͱ
Ա˴˱ŷŭԼɱ¾֮۳棬ɹ÷Ϣһ㡭ǺܶǰǾԼļйѧУڱײҳɹѦңڵײʱûôϾ
ȥĻˣԼǸ˵ġ
ѧû°ɣȿԼˣ÷ɪ˹ǳǳ˿ڣЩ۵˵
ֵĹ£÷ɪ˹ԭıһЩ
һЩ˶ѣֶҹʲô˺
һ˵ţ÷ɪ˹һĮؿ˿˹һۡ
ǡ
˹ڵϣһĮЦ
˲Щն
üһֱǣס÷ɪ˹
Լָ۳Ĺ˹
ֻǲˣһǻ۰

ۿ÷ɪ˹۵ɢȥת˿˹
˹
裬𿿽ֶ
̲סڵ
ּһûκν̸ıҪ
ǲĵĻﻹû˵꣬һαĮشˡ
ʲôʱҲԹҵˣ
һ£ޱȾŵ촽ٷκ
֮뿨˹˵
ǲκ뿪ġ
ĳĸĮسſ˹˵
ԭѾǳɥ仰Ȼ̧ͷһϲ÷ɪ˹Ϣսֵָ⡣
˹Ұ׵ϸֳһĨŤɫ
ֱƭˣ֡ЩӣЩӶ㡭
Ҽǳĸ
ֿڣһһ˵
ѾܡĸɲӦģ𣿡
̾
˹е룬ҸҪΪߴڡ
ҵԸģ԰ɣ
꣬ǰªǿĳ壬Ц


129 
Ҫȥһʥߡ
ֶԼǰֻ˵
ɫȻһ䡣
ʼýͻ̿֡
Ϊʲô衭ͲҪȥǸ, ûа취ֱκˣ¶Է㡣ֻ˺㣬Ѿ׷ˡ
Ϊĳ, ȴھֲҪһֻ, ⳡЩ
ҧ, Լôؼʱ򹦿һ顣
άųĸӦеĮ߹
ֻȷһ, ȷһǲһԺ, ˵⡭
ϳ, ǰһ, һֻסһֻסȫӲĿ˹
ǰֻĳ
ϣܹɱЩҵĴڡ
ǲӦóҵȺġ
ǿİ, ˹
ֵͣûκѪǿֲϢȻֻҪпŰ۳棬Ҳܷκηֻսֻ, Ҵ濪ʼ޷԰ҪǰġĸסԸ
ǿԵİɣҶ, ǵȫ׸ҡ
ִȻ, ˵
Ϊȵ׷ߣɺ֮, Ȼκε顣
ƴصͷ, ֵԼ:ΨһĿ꣬ͨжĿеĵλ
κ˶³Ϊеĺúӡ
Ա, ǿ˹ĻӦЩѰζªĳ·ͻȻȥз, ӵ, ˸㺼ΪԷѾָ
ޱרעߣֱֿͷ
ϰ£ΪԼַʱ򣬿˹Ȼǰһ
ªĳ壬Ҳǰ¡
ֱֵĽż⡣
̾͸о֮ǰһֱ÷ɪ˹ϢޱںëУ˿˹ޱĳŵ
ԸĻ
ҽһдΪɡ
֮󡪡
۹
ޱȻ谵ĳѨȻǱž
εĲȱʬĴӵ֮£Լǰİĳ㱨ŹڿѪʢĸ
е׼ѾɡСʱ֮ĸŵ죬ɺִ̳֮ڼ̳ѪʢĿ"
Ȼ˵еĳ߲㶼֪Ѫʢ粻߸̣ʤʼն
ͨĳ˵ѪʢʼҪҲ¡ص䡣
ĴѾ֮Ǽһﻹûá
ΪԶʢʤߣڿѪʢԵЩĮ
ʢΨһ;žǿЧʵȥȺоǱĻ򣬲ҽЩȡԼ׼ȫ֮ϡ
²ۣס˶ǵĳ嶯ɲϣͬԼǰһĪľͱϲŭ޳飬ҪܵԼѾĸŵĲ
ѪʢĿʮһֱûʲô仯
ΪһʼѪʢΪĸѡǵİ³ĽǶ
ԣвμʢ۳棬õĸܲμӾ
ԭ֮ĸʧ֮󣬴ĸľĸšϾڹĳȺ˵ĸһֱǳĸ־ߡ
ʢ翪ʼ֮󣬰˴Ⱥǰӽ̻ʻǴ̵ȡĹᣬԼͷϣһѪȵĶֱʤ߳֡
ʤߣԭ֮ĸʱӵߵĽͣǾĸһܺȨ
ִĽͱǶͳȨ
ֻҪӮʢ磬ͻΪ
Ȼȷе˵ǽΪʥԼҪϡ
ţᣬҵȷʵˣҵļԲ̫ãҼǵûĻһĺѡУƺһЩµף
ʵ
£ǵġѪǿѾĲѾλ԰Ⱥһ֮ǰ㱻ԼĿ¡Ϯ
Ŷ𣿡
ѪȺڵΪ÷ɪ˹԰ֵǿ˹

ݵĳĬ֮･ֱ壬ȥµӡ
˸飬ûٶʾѾɿԼŰˣʵ״
˹԰ɱԼһˣĸŵĸ߲㣬Ҳεʵ쵼ߣɺ֮ʹ߲˿˹Ļع顣
԰ֵȺϹŶǾȻҲͬ𣿡
ĸƺĳ˵ַǿһܵĻ飬ԭطԿ˹عΪϣڻ̬֮ȶ˸ı䡣ˡ£ǵ鱨ʱûд̽쵼µĸžַʹ԰ֵĳǸı⡣
ô÷ɪ˹أֻСһҼǵѾ𣿡
亹Ѿ˳޽ǻ£ȴҲá
ſøͣҲǫ
ǵġ£֪ͬѪȺ䱾Ϊ÷ɪ˹Ѿһΰ¶԰ίϮ֮У֮Ƿ÷ɪ˹ֻΪνʧ˹;÷ɪ˹ѾعȺ䣬ѪȺ֮鱨棬ȷعȺȷʵһλ÷ɪ˹
÷ɪ˹Ѫᡣп˹԰֡ǵ״ǱԤƵҪܶء
ڼƻеֵ֣ñ֮ǰࡣ
Сĵؿֻ档
ϸо׵ʱ棬Ȼڴʱﶼֵϲŭ޳ޱȹ죬ȴԵظоƺòпΪ÷ɪ˹п˹ʣԶԶԭޡ
ȥǾ˹أЩĺȤ
һ۱㿴ǿеĹ졣
ǻһЩȤĸ죬ֻС֮úõоһǵ塣ֻҪ㹻ǿĸ׻ϲġ
˵նˣһ͸Ļ÷ɪ˹Ϳ˹ȫϢӰ
һ
ᶨص÷ɪ˹
Ȼֿ˿˹
ֻ͡ţϲС취ںǧҪʹ
ĻӦŷһЩ
ӦòҺְܹɣȡĻ򣬻ǵûеشѾ˵ԻЦʵû취ôұҪúõıûһߺõǲС
ңӦûϲƯĳ塣
˵߷һ˿۵΢Ц˵
ţǺȻƵģתͷ
ˣҵôˣǸʲôš
µȻڳ˯״̬̲ڻĶнƣǳڹ˳һٺۺôٽԣߺѡǳĸ֭ڲ֮صųⷴӦ¼ΪĳЩԭ򣬼ų⣬ĸֵʼճֳơڱԽԽǿ룬ñġ
¼ææ˵
Ҳá
ллأݱ֮ûȥͦ˵ġ
ϲķӦȻҪΪĸ׵ĹԺӣȷʵӦñĴù̲˲ҪЩ£ҪЩӵƷ֭Ⱦҵ塣
ﵭ˵
ϣǵĽÿһ㣬ҿɲϣǵȥĸףϾһжѾ׼
ĻͻȻȻֹüͷԼϷ
ʲôڡ˭
ʵ
Ըܵģġͬϫһڳ泲ϷϺХ
Щͼõĳ壬Щľ㼯һʶĺ˵Ӱ쵽˳泲
Щڲϵĺţźš
ЩŵشԼն˽м飬һؿ˸Ž̬ĺ⡣
ǰδеϾ˶֪ڸӴʱһ־񣬾ֱӴﵽЩҲȵλ߼뿪֪֮ͨ
սսص㿪ͨѶ
ȫϢͶӰڱĳѨڲչ
ǿѪʢ翪߼̳ϣվĵӰӡ
ɺ֮
÷ɪ˹ѪԼ˹԰֡
һ۾˳壬ȻǴӵеϸӰȴеһ˿İ
Ǹһ﾿ǡ
˼ΪȻ΢΢
ɣΪԭ֮ĸĻعɣȺ
ǵĸףѾع飡
*
֮ǰ_
ŵķɴ֮ڡ
ݻֳִۣߵλĽ̻Ȩȣһһؿ߲Ǽҡ
ĿǰװѾ泲֮⣬λߵһֻ塣
ڣվſڣȥȴһЩ
̾ſǻ˺һȻŹ˽ȥ
һ۾Ϳ֡
Ǹκʱ򶼲һ֡
Ѿ걸ｨ裬ȻļĸģʱǸеһԿƵļ¶
Ƕôġô߹ĳĸ¡
ֻǿ꣬ΪõԿϲ뻶ͬһܹļ׵񾭡
ֵòݻ˿Ե쳣
ıʯ׺ϣȴԵôΪֱѾҫ۵޷ٹ˼
۵ںܵͣճϰף΢΢»¶˳ĸϸݵı
͸˿񣬻ЩǶϸ鱦ʯĽ塣
ֻǿһСƬϸ׵ƤͿʼϹеһ͵ĸɿʡ
ֿʼ֭ĸ
ǣҶֲһ˿һ뷨Ϊڵ˵Ǿһ¡
ʵо
һγǰЩ͸ıˣһӹɵǿʣһԿհ׵ʥࡣ



졣
Ϊȵϲеһ΢΢ʹ⣬˹÷ɪ˹ֵߣԼһγΪΨһã٣ݵһ˲ǵġ
뵽һ㼤Ҫظѽϥеķʽ֡
㡭
һ㡣
ִʱѾԼϵѹÿ촭ˣĴֵ̻ƣֻоһۡ
ĸף۽ǡ
ɳƱ΢
ֱֻǱŰĳūλȨص߽̻ʡ
һ£ʵٺǳԷֻͬ΢Ůһ㣬ԼűߣСһһƽ½ǡ
Ȼ˵ޱҸʱⲢûг̫á
Ϊܿ죬һֻĵĳʹ³شҡ
ֻǶϢأѾϳ˶Էݡ
ǿ˹
㷸ˣ
εĲ԰˹ض
Ŷֻĸ·ѡ㣬˹Ϊ㣬ڿɲӦó
һֻקֵ۽ǣϸֳһЩϸϸİơ
ЩҶѾˡ
˵꿨˹֡
ӦСһ㡣
һ£˹Ż
ǲߵʱΪİȫԱ䡭۳߾裬ԭйΪһΪˮ־֡
ֻɿ˹ԭֱ˵̬ġ
࣬лѡ
ֿЦӦ
ллĹģ÷ɪ˹һֱߡ
ĸε˵ûзһ˲ĽӲ
·ĺ֮ҵĲŻ쳣ߴĳ˳ж͹ӵȨȻһֻСӡ

ǸȨĸҪ̻ʵ
Ϊǵ֣ԭ֮ĸڳʱĵλ
ָҲࡣ
Ϊ˽ⳡʽ˽ӽŵıȡ͵ֵķС
յ˵ôҪıӦר˽йĿǰ״Ȼְ𽻸÷ɪ˹
÷ɪ˹Ŀɨ˷еֻ۳棬ɫ
Ƿǳֻ忿֡
÷ɪ˹ԭʼԣֻһ￿֮ǰֱӳȥɴ

ڵִ֮ǰ־Ͳ÷ɪ˹Ĳˬ
ٿǵ⣬὿꣬ѾԼķʽúõذԼƶʵһ
ǻԼ֭÷ɪ˹յƽʱҪ侲࣬ĮȻĺֻĵ۳棬ǰ
һж׼ˣ
Сʵʵǹ÷ɪ˹عԼȺ䲢ҳΪ顣
÷ɪ˹˵ͷ
һж׼ˡ
ȻѾֵķǳ侲÷ɪ˹ǿԸоǰĽš
̲ססֵ֣Լ΢ȡ
֡
ӽ֮󡭡г嶼ʶֵá
ֲԲĵ׵䱦
֡
ֽΪԭ֮ĸ
÷ɪ˹ҧҧأסԼǿֲҽĳ嶯
ִȨĽָ֮÷ɪ˹ԳɣȻСĵؽһöССģԳƵصĽȦֵָϡ
ֻĿʱֵϡ
ҲЩ۾̧֣ŷԼ϶һöָ
ָǶıʯеһ˿졣
취ҵһЩҵĵ׹ʹõĿʯھǶȴĥ֮ͦÿġ
÷ɪ˹ɰͰ͵˵
ʯâǵ״ȷʵ÷ɪ˹˵һּĴĥʽ£ԭƽĿʯչֳ˼ֱʯҪĹԡ
Ҿʺ㡣
ֿ˿ָȻֿ˿÷ɪ˹ҷڵ÷ɪ˹ڿ֮µĲһѾˡ
ĸףгݵĵŵÿһʯͷ塣
벻ҪĽָ
ֻݡ
뿪Ȱ裬Ϳ˺
ΪۿϸֳĲЦݡ
ⱲӶûмЦݡ
ƯҺϲ
۵
ҧס촽еһճѪζԼĺ


130 
ʵ̳֮һƬƽ̹Ĺ㳡, ÿһ鴿׵ʯ϶Ƕˮĸǵ̫ʱᷴ൱ҫ۵ĹԡʱĹ㳡ѱĬĳȺԶԶȥֻܿһƬڣĳЩضǶ²ſԿؼ֮, ʿɫθĳԼס
ÿһֻܹڵϵĳ嶼ȺеľӢ, ǰ˴Ⱥ, ҳ, ĳսʿڶ, ȴȻ, ѵͲпսĨȥȺսʿе, Ǿһ̨һ̨սɱϢÿз·Ⱦ˵ѪϢ
ĳսʿ, ʱҲƲסؽע̨֮ϡ
ʱȺ֮УΪʥ̨ȥһޱȾ޴֩ŵһСƽ̨
ڹ㳡ܣξĸĵײֱͨڣ϶˹̶ʮ, 󵽿Թһֻͳ廯ԭͿǰеĽ
Щ˴˽, γ˸ӵͼ, ĵСƽֻ̨ĸ̵Ľ̻ʻ߽̻ʴ˲ſվȥļ̳壬ʱ, ̳ɫ̺֯, Ŵŵıʯƽ̨ܣÿг̤ǣ̳ʱ, Щʯ᲻ϻζ, ҫ, ʸⷴõǡ
һοѪʢĿѾ̫̫õʱ䣬õȺĳսʿѲ֪Դԭ֮ĸ뿪Ǻ󣬾Ҳ㾫ĵװι̳
ʱ䵽ˡ
ӽгӿ
̳ͨҪͨͷǺػĻ
͵ˡ

ͣ˽Ų
λĽ̻תͷͣǽǣסĸסĸߴϡ
صλȥĲѾҪظһ˰ɡĸסһн֡
һ˵ţһ˹ķһۡ
Դ÷ɪ˹ߵִöָ֮ªĲ԰ֱһֱŹĳĬ
˹ĳŻϢЩ衣
ǽļƻҪ÷ɪ˹Ϳ˹ѹ޷ֻ̬֡
Һã裬÷ɪ˹Ϳ˹ҲҪ뿪ˣΪһгֵݣŰ˴ȺΪǿλǰЧҡ
Ҫ÷ɪ˹Ϳ˹վصλ϶Ǽճֲš

÷ɪ˹Įػ
ɿ֣Ȼһ룬͸еק
ѧѧ
ʶ÷ɪ˹
ǵģһжڰռƻУ֪÷ɪ˹Ҫ뿪ֻʱԼ߶ѡ
ɵֿĻ϶͸һǸеһ޷Ļҡ
Ļ֮˽ŵӽûȻȴһǿҵֱһԼ߳Ļվ̨֮ϣ¾Ҳزԭˡ
Ϊڳ֮ĸ
Ϊߡ
¡
÷ɪ˹΢΢԰׵꣬߸ֳһ˿Ц⡣
Ҫ֪Ҷ
˵꣬÷ɪ˹ֵ̧֣һεֻ۳棬һִŽָָֻ
÷ɪ˹Ѫᣬ㲻Ҫʱ䡣
һ˿ϸ΢Ť
ҧгݵغ÷ɪ˹֣ȥѶԷҪʱ䣬ȴԹ

̾һһúʿɶֹ
ͷʹľǿֻһ۳滥жԡһ·ֿԷģԼѾþ˱ѧƽ֮ΣյĹϵ
ɲϣֹǽ¶ˡ
һ㡣
ݵͣٺε̾
ٿ˹ªĳĬò˼飬ÿο˹ģĪ뵽δȫ緢ĻɽƽȻΣյϢЩľս
Һãѧʼնг侲ֻΪҡ
÷ɪ˹Ȼһ˲㶾ڿ֮µļޡ
۳ܵһֻ۳ԵĵıܣĻԶ̽ͬĵж״̬
һθߴͫȴûչ¶ĵ⡣
ԴڷֽĽָس΢Ц˵ϲ÷ɪ˹ͺõЩֻ۳Ż

÷ɪ˹ѹֶ˵
漣һأ÷ɪ˹˵仰һ˲䣬ַԼȻûôˡ
Ϊ֪߳Ļվڼ̳֮ʱѧҲ̨£жȵصȺ
һֻطָϵǽָ
Ȼ󣬳ס
߰ɣ
˵
ֵ񣬱ȻתΪɡ
ĸס
ɳƣֵع壬ϹϾǵ̳ͨĻ
*
Ǹ˵ӰӳڳȺ֮ǰʱĮȻûǵѪ壬رȫע
ӵĳħڿֵһɲǣг嶼ܵԼӿһ˵
һֱҪ֮Ⱥսʿʶڼ̳ϵӰԤеĴɺ֮һֻȫȻİС塣
һֻǶവһֱ壬ݻ֮УÿһҵλбʯûƵĽṹǷޱöӯ졣
֮
ɱ֮ʱڰѿĸŵĴ̣ʱŰ̵Ѵ塣
ɴʱȴԵ쳣ı΢䣬չ¶ԼĳͲӼͼͳһ㡣˼ɵأгչ¶Сĳ
ֻһǰһ󣬻ϼ̳
ʮĬֻгĸ־Ĵߣĸſ̤ļ̳֮ϣǰδеسһİˡ
Ϊȴû˿ԣϼ̳ʱСذڵأԷ˳ۡ
˹һĻѵصĳսʿзһϸСɧ
ţյǰڵõ֮Сĵվһ
ż̳ĳȺȻһ㸡ֳ˿ȵŤЦݡ
豸Ѿ򣬴ʱӦʢĿʼѡᰴ˳ǰļǽ붷
һеĳ򶼳ˡ
е۹лƽ֮Ѫңɺ֮ĸųԱڴ
߸ߵؾԼдŽ̻ʵλȨȣȻصĻ̳
һҫ۵ĹâȻԭż̳𣬵ɫĹâ㳡һʵĹ֮С
ߵĳĸ£Ѿع飬վǰ֮ĸԭ֮ĸ
ҳֿǵꡣ
ݰɣȺϵĳĸ¹ݡ
жлᣬk׳һС

Ѿûһֻ廹ǵǶ档
Ψһǵõıĸǰδе֣̬ȣ¡صʢϣгһ¡
ԭ֮ĸѾ
սʿ͵վԭء
Ϊ㹻޴ĸŵ˵ʲôǾͻʲô
֮ԶãΪΪֵ꣬ǵԭ֮ĸչԼʶ
ͬ΢磬ĸʶޱط˳ǵ飬һԶŵļ¶ʼڳѪв
ûκ˿αװϢһμĸѾʮ֮ã֮󣬵ԭ֮ĸʱг嶼ˡ
־ԭ֮ĸ
ĸס
ꡪ
һ졣
ǳؼսʿϥ㳡ʯײʱ򷢳ֻȺһֻޱ׳˶µĵ͵ȼط壬̧ͷֵķʽصع
ԭ֮ĸ롭ҿľ
дʣз֧֮
ţֱչ¶Լı벱
ΪģһӣսʿҲصع͸ǵͬһЩսʿޱϵسչֳ˳кܶսʿʶ֮ǰѾԷ
ͼ֮ǸߵȼСӳСӳ֮Ǹǿթĸ߼١
Ȼ䣬ֿһƬͬһĳȺ
ÿһֻ嶼ޱǫϲعڵء
иǲϺֵ֡
ԭ֮ĸ
ԭ֮ĸ¡

վڼ̳֮ϣ岻ײ΢΢š
ԭֻΪ֤ԼݣʶȺսʿǵľ񣬺ûг˯Ļ䡣
ûԤϵսʿǵľǿҵĻӦ

ҧסء
ͬһ㣬·Խ綼մ㼯һ⧲˲û
ĸס
ὫԶҳĸס
ڻعˡĸס
ִ֪ԭİ⣬ҲͷĿѣѡ
У֪ЩصԼߵĻڳȺʶʵʻصڹ㳡ϵĺ
ѭжĵ͵ȼսʿǱߵȼķӦҪԵóٻࡣ
Ҳܵڤڤ֮жֵĿ밮ȴȻЩλȨصĸߵȼ壬ȺɲϾЩǻٶ
ҲʮϢڵص׵ֻӣڶԴԭ֮ĸж
Ѿõĸŵĳϣһһٻأһ﷢ЩҲƷݣһ᳹׷貢ԭ֮ĸΪǻǵȺΪ̵ɱ
ǱҪſ
ǡ
ǵĿ̰ϣǵÿһϸÿһѪҺƺڽţkݣkk
Ҳһ̣۵Ӱĸվ
԰ֵĿ˹ԼѪ÷ɪ˹ɾȵĿ£ޱȼеشԼֱȺȻǫģһһ˼̨
гע¾ֱֹ
΢ķʽչֳ
عԭ֮ĸЧҡ
ң˹԰֣еҳϣֿԸҵʱĳУӱʱʱһֱľעӡ
ȿڵǿ˹
͸̨ϵɳƵͳľþûصڹ㳡֮ϲɢȥ޴ĳҲظֻ̺ܵªȴޱǿ۳ȵҳ
ҽܡ
ְհţӦ
̧֣˿˹ͷ
ռԤʾųĸõЧҡɾڴʱ˹Ȼ΢΢̧ͷֱסֵ֡
ֲ۾Ȼ㿴˹һ˿ʹľȻ촽յԼֱ֮ϡ
˹촽ֲִָڣ۾ֱֵ
˻
һŭس
ֶǶʱֳһ亹û뵽˹Լʩ񣬺ðɣַʽҲԱֳ¼ϼЧңǵԭ֮ĸʵҲһԽ࣬ĳЩڴ粢Ҳġ
ο˹ݼš
ܿ죬ֻ԰־ͳ׷ſ֣һֲģžʹ㣬ֻª۳ֱ壬մ
Ų԰ȫȺԱֵҳϡ
˹
ڿ˹Խʱûκ˵
Ϊ鸶۵ġ
˵
֪
˹ҲޱӦ
ܺԼɺ֮
üͷЩĵؿ˿˹һۣллֻôǵڵĳûеֵ֡ȴʼձýģе˽Ųʵλֱڿ˹Ŀһе÷ɪ˹
찡ϣѧ᲻Ҫ쭰
ľսĵš
Щֱκ˶Ҫ÷ɪ˹ĶռԼģֻûб¶֮ǰǵĹϵѾǳˡ
ֻǵһƳ֮÷ɪ˹תע
ĸ¡
Ҳǰһߺֵ֣һͷ֮ĸ
ַǳϰԼǰ÷ɪ˹޷мܵģ÷ɪ˹
ң÷ɪ˹ѪᣬҵĳĸһҳϣֿԼꡭ
÷ɪ˹ظʽĻȴ쳣ǣ·ѹǵ˵ڵԡǰֵ૵
Ȼ÷ɪ˹Ҳͬ˹ͷ
εطԼֱۡ
֪
룬ۿſ˹飬÷ɪ˹ȻҲͬһԺǰѭƻǰԭҲʩһ
Щ̫ڵ촽ȴǳɣʵϣǿ÷ɪ˹ǰרעعԼǰ־͸еԼЩ΢΢
͸˹һ÷ɪ˹ֱϵҲܿ죬ͬѵˮһ㡣
ǣһӣظоָϴʪĳĸʧؿԼˣŵؿ÷ɪ˹
ֻ岻ֻǸʩ֣гĿ£غסֵָ⡣
ꡱһ£ԱߵץȨ״֣Ϊ쳣ֱӰȨȼӲĻֶˡ
÷ɪ˹ֱֵһˮۡ
Ըע밮Զҡ
÷ɪ˹̧ͷ֣֣µ˵


131 
顪
ڰĵ֮, ﱩŭһԾֱԼİ֡
ޱȼӲǿʯ촷۴ָ¡
ôҡô
ΪȷŭŤ
߼ʹõĸնˣȻͬΪ߼ͺţʱеͶӰϸޱȣ·ֱӽۿߴֳ̳
û, վڹ㳡ϵȺսʿҲר־ؿż̳ѪǵĸҳϵһĻ
ȻΪǶȵԵ, ܹ, ֻ÷ɪ˹ڳ˵, ıӰ
Ѫĵʱе㳤, ôأ, Ҳ鲻ԽڡĸסǰǻþһЩ, پһЩ
ȺΪԭ֮ĸĵͼսʿǣԶܲµõ̳Ͼʲô
, һ̣ЩȫϢͶӰȴһǶȣؿ÷ɪ˹ѪᣬЧʱһС
ɥĲ񣬵Ϊ˼֮١
˫ʹ·ۻľֱӸʴ۾ֻŻ̬۳Լָʪˮ, ز׽, ÷ɪ˹촽뿪ֵָʱ, ϸ׵ָϸϸĳݺۡ
΢ĳݺһöȦ
Ī뵽ޱȹϵĹȥԭ֮ĸδ뿪, ԰׵ڸ׳ǽ㽲ĹϹ, ڹУҳϵʿڱħ, Ҳ޷ԼĲ̬Ķռ, ǰ, ӡʥĹϡ
ȫ޷ԼһС
ԭͼ壬ڼȵıŭֱ֮ʧȥΣεĳϴӰ͸Ƥ֮·ӿ
䶯ģ޴İӰܿ˳ѨڲտĹ
Ĵ֡
ϸëʳ롣
εģ޶͵

¶񾭽ھһ
ſչ¶ϸܵľ׽ݡ
ʮʥ߶Լеĳٷ·Ȼ˹ʼȿֺԵȨ
˻˻
ͬմԨĹŭз˼ɵӵļС
Ǳĸף
鲼ͻ׼˳ĸĴɺ֮
ֻۻаĴ۳͵˽̻Ȩֱӽðߴϼ̳ɺ֮ȥ״̬ȴá
ɫŤݺݵص÷ɪ˹ϸֳ˳ԭʼ̬İơ
һ۾ܿܵ˺ˮʴ
Ԥеʧء
ɾһ̨̣ðĸƺʲôֻ΢΢ƫͷ˼䣬ȻֻĴ̱ѱĹһ㣬˲䰲ȥ
ûпֻɺ֮ô
ⲻ
ĸžȻұѡĸסǾȻֶĵ۳棬ͼʧܵðĸףۡĸ׵ʥ࡭
ÿһ仰䶼ŲȻĳ˻
֧飬
λڵص׵ľ޴Ѩеĳ嶼֪Ǽӵĺڰ
г۹ʩĸߵȼԱµѾֻʣ´Գ䵱㹥Գ棬ÿһֻ嶼ΪеĿֲϢɪɪ
ʱľսھ޴ѹ֮£Ѿѣ϶ѪεδȾ塣
޴ʹԼֻĴһƬհס
⵽Ϊʲô
ΪҪﳯϦദܹ˷ǳ걸ѵǵģѾ׼ӭϲŭ޳ʼеļУûһΣʧء
ǼѾ˵ǿŭܵ˲ֲľ޴̼
ɣΪܹԼټĸʱ״ıǰչ¶Լοɲһ档
ڡ

̫ˡ
ʵزš
ʵڽ֮ǰҲûгҪðعԭ֮ĸ
һλߵĴڳдʵ̫شˣֻҪһ˿ϣɻؼðĸðԼ䱳õķ档
ǿҵ̰£ֻãĳɹʣǲҰĲĳ峢øֶðعԭ֮ĸ
ʮ֮䣬Ѿεļð¼
۳װԭ֮ĸ
߸ɴЩ֪޾ĳĸװ˹ϵͳ

ģ߲ļƻ޶á
ȷʵΪȺΪĳΪеŭΪҵ׷
̫ɺˡ
ָ֡Ʒ
ڲ䣬˫۾ȴʼ޷ȫϢͶӰƿ
ע۳滷Ƶꡣ
ֻƷ
ģƯĳ꣬վֻСĸסʸ̤ļ̳֮ϡ
ֻ۳촽Ĭһֻ۳顣
ڿһĻʱﲻ÷ɪ˹Ѫ޼ɵƷ۳ܲĺΣԼΪͶۿ
۳Ҳ˶ġջ
Ҳ˵ͼķʽġĸסȴ޷ԼĪļ¶
̫ˡ
жôԸϣĸֻƷȷʵʮеķðԭ֮ĸһֻ˵λȴ̵ġĸĳȣ޷԰Ρ

޷顣

ҷ޷ˡ
૵Ⱦ˹Ŀǻ
Բ𣬡ĸסûйܺԼҴˣԺ󲻸ˡ
̧֣ϵץԼؿڡ
ĳ֫ޱȴֱĶܿ㽫Լԭ쳣Ӳؼץ˵ѺۡǵѪճҺ弰֪飬ɼǵ˿ӿ
ﱾΪͨķʽԼԽӿŵǹɹ㺳ڳ
ܿͷһеͽ͵ġ
ͷĿѣӿ죬岻ϲս
·ÿһϸڽţ뿪̳嵽ֻƷǰİ
Լ˼άܵصȾ
ȻĻܻ֪ԷֻƷ£ȴ޷ƵĿ
ҵĴĸţ
ǵģһжĸŵĴһʹʲôķʽӰԼʶ
ĸⷽʽѹƲ԰ִϵķʹǳһΪʱӦ߾ġ
Ѿٴˡ
һ뵽Լôĸ׵ҳϣȻΪӵֶζۣ޷ԼĿŭ
ۣЩһȫӦøۣ
ţŭ
£԰ֱ꣬жСԼͥ˿Ѿ˼̳
ŷĻ㱨
ͼ侲ûüѻ˵꣬һϸĴȻ
գۼ䣬㻯˵һ̲ԭ͵ࡣ
𣿡
תͷŵĲкʡ
ϰװʲô
ܹӰʶһߵʲô⡣
ֻ񾭸巢
ٲȻǿֱŤԨ
ҲŲᱻЩ׾ӵֶθı䡭ǸͲ֪֪Ҷԡĸסӵеҳϡ
ϸĴֽµʬһ鲢ƽĳӶһ飬Ȼ˳豸֮⣬ûҵκοɵĵط
ԣɶ񣡿ɶɶɶ񣡡
ڳϵĸնͶӰȻҲʧ
Ѿٿ˷һĻȴ֪ԼΪʲô겻
ԽԽԾˡ
Ƕɱˡ
﷢һ
һַǳصķʽԼڲеװ
˶ɱˣȫɱˣֻҪɱֻҪɱˣҾˡ
Ȼǡĸסĺúӡ
ұҪϴҵġ
һֻ߽ĹңòѾȥֻһģһ
µĿ¡ɫҰ׵ؽҪ
Ըǰμʢĳϴ
ûеͷ࿴Լǰһۡ
ָ΢㲿ɱʱȴȻֺס
ϲŭ޳Ժһθֳˣֻ÷ɪ˹ָʱΪȴֻƴ͵¼Ӱ
ٴβܿơ
ʱ򡣡
Լֻ̫ˡ
Լ˵
ôǣȺ淴˵Ƕǳͷ
ۻȥ
ǱҪۣر𡭡رֻ׾ӵģ³塭
ûʸõ
쳣ɭֲÿһ·𶼴Ķҩ
ֻðߴ
˵
УҵĸѾռݣʱǽȫˡ
ĴݣֻԲӪҺĹںڰɵĺ⡣
ÿһֻȥɲͬƴնĻŤ۹ΪȽؼס

ǵı桪
ɳɳ
վڼ̳ϵתͷϣ˴Ⱥսʿȫ
Ⱥߵȼ䵱Ʒսʿڳɳеõα۵Ļ٣˸ԭʼܣַųԼľ֮гսʿ˻Ӧ
ڣȫѾֵġáˡ
ֿȺáȴֳ˵ĽţΪѾ˳жʱɳɳ
жڴӵص׳ŵ漲۶
ǺΣա
սǳǿ
Ҫǣǳ˶ֵĵ⡣

ָоǳڱϮĵгĸҲкüľ룬ȴѾظ֪ǵĵϵҲһǵĿӦ׼
ԡ
ֺȻʶԼ֮ԿԲԼȺĳ嵽ΪԼʶѾ͹㳡еĳӳһ塣
սʿǾþɳľҲͬʱ
ˡ
һǿԼֻ״̬г
Щŵֻͷʹ档
֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ԼġѪȵߣ·ľһֻҳϵ塣
ߴ۳һ侲ģĺ֮ǰΪ顣
Ȼ̳۳涼֪ν侲ԳָֻɥĲѪװαװ
һжռƻִС
ֵѣ÷ɪ˹СػӦ
ûȺһá
˹ɭɭ˵
ļһӦñһ˺飬Ȼʹȥ
÷ɪ˹΢΢ϹƺЦЦǣ𣿡
ѵ𣿡
Ӧȴɫ
߿ɱ˵Ļ÷ɪ˹ѾĿ̴ˡ
˵ֻ۳˴˽һ
˼֣ǵԵǷǳƣȻÿһĿﶼ˶ֻ۳ųɱ⡣
Ȼڿ˹˵ǶڼͥսʿǿܸӳڴϾĿ÷ɪ˹ŵΪ֮ǶҪһĲӿ
ܿ죬ڼ׵Ĺܿ˼̳
ǹģüңһ񶾵Ц
ܺãѾˡ
ЩսʿޱȹΣԼֱӡڶͷϵͥ־޲ʾǵݡ
ڳɱ¾ֱͥ
һȺͷβĹ
ǵĴԾѾήռ­ԵĲٿģһСʥߵѪ⡣
ǾǱʥ߼ĿܣˣǲоʹҲоõ¡
ֻƴһȫ˸ǵָ
Զĳֵĳսʿǲе־壬˴ȺҲ൱ļɵǵĴڡ
ͬһ㽻ϣֻɫĳ͵ֱ˼̳֮ϵ֡
ǵٶȷǳģһһɫİӰȻ֮ǰ
ֻӰѾж
ûκһӰӿԿ̳
ԭͱһĿ˹йԼŭʱṆ̀Ա÷ɪ˹ĶܳƵʿ
׾ٵرڰֱЩȻǹªͷ­ֹȺܵӡ
ڼ̳֮£ҲһƬҡ
ͥľѾȫЧڳĸĵͼʿսһš
ֻʣֻʱȴڻСһųĺ
ء
衭
Ⱦҡ

ͣ¡
ע⵽ʱѾֱӿ
ʵǿƣûʲôߵơȻ֮ʱеҶȻֹ
ӲдͥŶѾѳʿ֮֫ݡ
ĸѾֻ۳ɱֻ÷ɪ˹ޱȼѵԼʳ룬ķԸǼֻǰ
ֵͷǰЩĳ塣
ȻǶĶεòǧȴܾ⼸ֻ忴ȥ΢ơ
ǾͬһֻĲͬ¡ڻλĲͬ塣
ҲΪЩʶ쳣ģȲЩȫ䵱߼ûʶĹ档
ǣֿʱȴܵؿʼⲢΪǣΪִԼΪϧжԼĳЩֺõõĿȨȻֻǱøӲƸѡ

ֿЩ壬૵˵
ⲢǳһַĵĿ
ģֳǼֻ̧֡
裡
ȵȡ
Ϳ˹ɵ÷˵ĵ
÷ɪ˹ȴֱͼֹĶߴĳػ࣬źߣ˵ͷ
ûϵİɡ
һ֮÷ɪ˹˵ͺѾ֪Ҫʲô
ԭ˵һ˿ů⣬ûԥֱӽǼֻͷ
ĳĸ۾һ룬ڷ䶯ĺڼ׻γ嶼ͣ
ǿնؿ֣忪ʼϲǵˮǹŹֵģڵ
˻˻
ʹ
˻˻˻
ʹ衭
ϸС˻ϵشǺ
ûˡ
ջ֡
ޱͣڵЩĸڰԼк޲ѵӤʱ㲻Ծ
ſǰɡ
ֶֻ۳
ǵɫЩϾΪռǿҵ۳棬ۿֶԴֻСҲᣬǶЩԿԼ
ǰܹǻġ
üͷſǼֻ塣
Ƿֵ˲䣬лŵĽǶ˵ϡ
Ѿܵκȴûٶַκι
ֻޱȵ֣һȺոշ׳㣬з˲ɵʡ
ȥ
ֶǼֻ˵
*
ʮĽ裬һ޴ĵ¶С
۸ӵӵԹ
֪ÿһ
ΪУѨΪһ塣
̤ڲʱ۽һ¡
ֻĳĿɭ䡣
ʱѾǿָԼ̬֮ǰ̫̬ͱЩϲѶʳ룬͸ûջڡ
ˣЩʳ뻹ʱʱػ᲻ܿƵ䶯һ¡
ϸ۲ĻЩʳڲԾسĳۣʱķ򡭡
Ȥ֮ǰıײͬʱǱһһ쳣侲ȻֻǱ侲
֮ڵһʱѾ־嵽޷
ޱȾ㤵
֪ʱѾñ֮ǰҪŭ
ȥŻ˵˵Ĳ
Һܺ档
̧ͷԼĸնˣڸղֱͥȫˣоΪѾֹͣһЩǡ
Ǿʲôֶһеġ
ҡķ֡ܿơ
Ļ£ǰĽŷһ̶Ħ
Ѿò򿪵Ĵţûнӵָдˡ
ֱؿſڡ
ԼΪҳϵĽϵһϸӰ
ڲ֮ǰŶȡԼǣСػֻðĸ
ֻƷ壬ƽش˽
ʥߡ
̧ۿֻĳһۡ
Էªͷ΢ȴһƽ
ڼˡһ£ΪЧӲͷƤ
ҵĺӡ


132 
һҵĺӡ, Ķһ˲ͣ١
ԭڴϮֵʳȻŭЦ
֡
غֵ֣Ȼһһش֮¡
ռ˳λóʮ֮õĳ壬Ѿ׷ȻԴ˵ơ
, Ѫ, ŰϢʯ, ·ΪĿȾϲĺɫ
Χ, ĸȺҳϵĽʶı, , ܿƵеĶ
ûκһֻÿ￿Լġĸס
Ȼ, ̧ʱѱĳ, ֻܲĵԼǰ֫
ֲκιΪ
ûϵģϾҲҵĺӡ
Щѵس÷ɪ˹˵
˵꣬÷ɪ˹֣Ȼָ˴뿨˹һƳ
֮ǰֵҲȷʵǹ򵥴ֱֱóѹﱩһУʱ־;֮١
ֱӶʱ϶ԼҪỳ߾ܺƽݱ䡣
ֲ̫ˡ
ֳĸֻܲͣĬթƭʦ̵Щ, ǿάסԼʱֳĵ侲
Խ, ԽǺöԸ̫ڸ߰, Ͳ뵽˵ƭǣǡ
ϵ˶һ, Щ˿ȥرײ, ʵԽ˾ԽĴеǿ, ʵ϶ֻΪ˱Լ, ȻΪʲôҽӴЩʲôҪMôأΪķǳ˿ƱŹ򡭡ȿȡ˼ƫˡ
֮, ֿȥͺǿƵ˲ҪţҽǵЩγ㹻Ըˡ

Ҳ֪Ѿʮ۳ǲҲͬӦԹʽ
ֲֹš
ȻһĭȰس˹ȥ
ڹĴվסˡ
ĵӺܴ󡣡
İĹ£۾˸׹⣬·ۿȼ
һһ˵Ȼ󣬳̧֡
ǸϸƬ뵹̵ֱָӲ԰׵ա
һϸϸѪֵϡ
Ȼһ뵵Ѫ㡣
ɶ񡪡
ǰһĻ۾ۿűҪָɳֱ÷ɪ˹ȴֱӵǰ
¡
÷ɪ˹ݺ˵
֡Լ뷨
Ѫ˵
оõֹԼֻ۳ûֳô侲
÷ɪ˹ÿһ鼡ⶼ˼ޡ
ΪԼɱϲ
ĵ³ĸ֣ûвԼϵ˿ڣΪȣʵ̫ˡ
־ⲻԼϾĹʱͲ˿ԱƽͣҪ˵ֻֻҪͨĽ
취ȻԼΪġ衱
ѵڣѾʮıŰ棬ȥûбֵϢ򶯡
ʶѱ֧飬ȷĻֵʶͼУľǾ̵ĺˮ굽빵֮С
ָͲԼľȥ
ġ
һ룬־Լ˵
һƯ㹻޴ӡ˭
Ȼʵ
ȻЦ
˭㣬ðҵĸأ

Ҵ𰸵Ļҿøһ㡣
˵꣬ﲻԾһԼָ⡣
Ȼɴס
ָϻֵѪҺ
һϸ΢ζֱ˳һֱڣ·ôԶҪ
ҺܱǸ
ֵ̾ϢȥôôԶ
ôˡ
ﲻŵķ֣ڱԼϮ֮ĳ徹ȻҸǰߣСֱҪǰ
̧֣ؿڡ
ﻹ֮ǰ﷢ڳ˿ڡ
۰ɣ
ʵ
ľ£ŵֵ
ʵбԼ׽ϻζģԭ֮ĸϢһ
ԭ֮ĸ͸һ˿밧ˣǰϵζȴ쳣ů
гΣ¸꣬ҲҪػζ
ͬںڰĳ֮УԳĸĺȻʱŵǹϢһģһ
ԼΪʲôء
Ҫǵı
ɣҡ
ǵġ衣
ܡ
ʼŤ
ԶȻ仭ͿʼֲƬҧأ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʵôһֱ㡣
õˡ
ֻڲͬʱмĹܵطջ󡭡˵
СͱҪԵغܶࡣ
ͬ඼ҪӶ£ǣΪĳҷʹࡣ
ļ˺ܾá
̫ˡ
Բ𡣡

ɫĪ⡣
ôܣǡĸס
ɬ˵·𲢲ֻ֪һʻѾ͸¶Ķҡ
ֵȻ֮
ǣҾ谡
˵
*
ͬһʱ̣һࡣ
һѵصĳѾ˳ڵֱһܱյĳǰ
ڳΧѪη׷̽ͷȺ֮ͷΣյľ֮ȻͳƿеҺ峯һ֮ͨ밲
ƿװǴȡϢأ⼸ֻѾжС֮Կ˳شһ·صĽǿһƿ򵥵
û˷һʱ䣬Ѿĳڿ䳲֮ǰƽ˺ʵĽš
ֻһϸ죬ѾѾٵ˽ȥ
ֻһ޴ʵңڲǳȴҲ쳣ӵ
ǲݵĻԼϸĵ£񷶥֮Գ棬͸ǴԺ󷽵Ĳ߷ɿشĻ֮ϡ
ʵҵİڷŵѾɣֱʹõʱ
⿴ȥɫĻιţ֮Ĺд̳ʱɢڹ·ĵϣͨ빰һ
ſ֮ڣһ㱡⣬ʾڴ״̬
ŵվʱǰ
̨Ƽ򵥵ĻѾеһ˿㱡⾹ȻǿԴԽһʱ䣬һȫĻ
طζš
һѾһ죬Ȼֱ߱ǰʼΧе豸
Ҫиʱص豸Ϸ΢ըһԱ֤ʱһжڱը֮вҪ˿ۼ٣Ҫǻƽ֮ʱ¿óȥ̵ĻƬ
УһѾĳťȻ󣬸ŴճҺĳǽϣϵسһš
Ѿüͷڽ̬ȣ˽ȥ
źһжԵʮֹ졣
һҡ
̫ķ֫õĹߣԼѾõӪˮۣϲŴѸɺԵѪҪǣڷĻڷһ̨
ôҡ
ƾʲôͬңͿԵõĸס
ҾͿԵõʱ䡭"
ĸ׻ڵҡ
Ҳ"

У·ħ߲ϵ
Ѿĳɫ֪еһǿҵĶռһַ·ҽڲӿĿɱֻʣԼǸԼ˼ĺġĸס

٣ڸ
ͻȻſڴһĺ
Ѿһ飬Ȼ侪ѹŷԼ֪ȻڷģľȾ
Ǹϴ󡣴ΪʱԵʣ䡭
СӳԱææ˵Ȼճ˶ҺһѸٵԶҡ
еһŻȴ˵Ϊʲô
࣬תͷĿһҡ
ĳ壬ȻҲҵĲԾڵȴûʱȥ̽ص顣
Ͼش
һҪԭ趨ķը
Щһжļӹ̣ҪľȷȫٻκλḴԭ
ǵģ顣ܶԼûʲôر棬Ƕһ˵ǾǾ
жǡ
ǵʱ䲻ˡ"
֣ԼǶһ㡣
εըȺ弱ææ˷еĻ֮ϡ
ֵԸʱ׻Ըʵֵڴһ뵽гĶø
ʱ壬Դǰаװը
Ȼֻը
ĳЩԭҲڻĲϲһöʼռʱϴϢ
ͬʱգգۣĤǶŵͬǽŴ͸̫շɴ֮ϵζϣʿ
٣侲㡭
Ķߴζ̾Ϣ
оٶζļ֮£ζҲزƴεı겻
ʦѣһ
֪
ʹ˵
ȷʵûа취侲ʱ䣬ǳʱ䣬ֻı̬ûб֣˭֪ʲôǼһѾȫˣܻΪǳĸ顭
ţָⲻڼš
һһеҲ֮Ļϲ
뿴ŵֻ̬ɣ˹԰ǼһǸͷβķӣһֻ壬֪᲻ʲô״ɺ֮Ǹ䡭ҧס촽룬ûаЩڶ񶾵Ļ˵
ᵽ÷ɪ˹ʱ򣬷ѾԽ
ʦҲҩ÷ɪ˹Ǽһ״̬ʵ˵ǣȫǿҩǿάȶ֮ǰͳںıأ
ĺܱܿͬ
Խ˵еľžͱԽŨ
ϲֵֻ꣬Ҳȷʵֵļƻʵ̫ˡ
Ӧôҡ
ֹûʶֱȺѾ峯Ͷһ˿Ŀ⡣
Լ˼֮еȻҲûвĻʲôףȻ͵׼ȡݣըʱȻ˶ζ𽥱ص
ͣ£мԴתƵƽȥҪһ̨ʱʷݡд
ζһֵҪ
ôˣʲôдٶΣ޷ǱǼһﲻϵĳ̨ѡ
üͷʮֲ⡣
ǰζҪ󣬿ʼƽʱʷ¼
һζ˵Ϣʱ֮õζҪĽ
дʮһ
ʼʱЩĴûоʲôԡ
ϾʮУΪܹһʱϵ֣һֱֵ쳣
Щַıøζһࡣ
ʱǨԾƶ˿ڳʼɡ
ʱ䲶-롿
ܶ˿ڼɡ
ʼĿ꡿

112 Ŀ꣺ʥߣ112
׽ɡ


133 
⵽ô£
ʱʷ, ૳
һĪĿֻſʼӡ
Ӽ¼̨ʱΪֻǸոװɹؽʹá
ʵ, ڲѾɹΡȻ, ȱٱҪ, ̨ʱҲȷʵ޷ʥ߳ɹԾһʱ㲢ҿµʱߡ
Ļ, һжü, ̨ʱֻһյ, ĸܵ, ǿͨһеʱֱԾ˿̵ʱ
Ϊ޷ľ޴ֻţζʿĻĶȻЩƮ
ͲȥԼոշֵʵ
һֱΪ֮ԻḶôĴѰʱ, Ҫģ޷ǱǽһʱߣѰҵԼĸҲ֡ǣڵԶԶֹڴˡ
ڻѾǳĳԡ
ģǼһѾ֪, ֪ʱῪƽ, һֱ취겢ղʱϵġ
ӡ
ҧгݵķһ
ÿһζɹ˵Ļ, ܣĻ, ൱ٶֻʥ߾ۼͬһʱ, άǿȿԳŵס۳֮ҶҲôġԼƽ
̫ˡ
ͼ˵Լʱ, Ȼˡ
ɫתͷ, ӹȺãȻĳ, ֮ǰ俪ſڡ
ţһԾֱӳǼҡ
һԼ֮ǰľٶۣôû뵽أǷǳҪͲҪʱôҪ豸Ա߽һ俴ȥʮֿɵķ䡣
ʹߡ
ڵĴ䡣
ڹʱյ߽
ԼΪֹƲɢѪζ

ǴѾԣóǸ𰸡
ǲĵԼʦһĿ
ʦ취ƽ䷿Ӱ¼ʲô¼ĻǾܸʲôˡ
Լѧ޴ζĬһ˲
ûǸҪ
곤ĳնؾܾƵᡣ
ûбҪ˷ʱ䣬Ҫǣ뿪ըȻǱ鳹ʧ֮ǰҵ¡
ζһ˿ײĲ
λ£ڿپ޴Σա
ľʥ߸Ͳ
ǹ
Ĺ
*
̡
ɴϣζʿ̧֣ЩѵعرͨԼ֮ۻӰ쵽ϷѾԼĶ
ڣ˵ҪĿ¾ʱˡ
ζŬԼ侲
ȻվʱŷԼʹ
˼ΪͻУЩ˵ϡ
֮ǰ۷ʲôԵߣʱȴһɪɪǱֻŵĿɱģ
ʦôˣ
ζϣʿǷʲô𣿣
Ǳ߳ʲô⣿Ҫǽ֧Ԯ
ʿ

ѧԼĵѯʣζ̲סԼ촽
ÿںܿʡ
һֵ鷳
ش
ȥٲ֮ǰ侲ֻĿֻš
Ƕ֪֮ͬͨɶںϣǣһֻ壬ͬʱٶֻԼһģһĸĻĴأ
˵ѧȴüͷ
ǲ̫ȷԼʦΪԼʦڸǿʲôȤЦ
ͬںϵı׶ôһСģںͽɱıϸгںٶΡ˵ˣִҵôԼͬ壬ܽںϵĸ尡̫ˣ趼ܳŶԡ
ζһѧС˵
ǰôءÿһζôģܡ
ڷǶλζȴ¶һ˿ЩȻر顣
﷢ޱĵૡ
˵ԼѧȻ˵Լ
*

ֱЩģطӦʲôԼ
Ѿ׶ҡĳѾ˺üʮˣʱֲֻĹһֲ˼Ŀش֡
ĿָеЩܡ
ҲΪѾ̫ã쳣ճĸоǱˮһơ
𣿡
ãȻһʣһֽС
ҡ
һҺԼĺ
ҲĸסңǸӳӼлѵˡ
̹ϵ
ͨӲ壬ʱѾаտԿƵ˶Էˣֵĸоʼպ֡
û˻֪ʲôͱ˵ڡ
Ѿϳ֣Ŀȴҡ
ߴ󣬳ªεĳǾһͣţȻţʼȥ
̧Լĸ첲浲ԼǰͿԳ׵סֵߡ
ȥޱȿһ̿֡
ҡ

ңˣĸףҵĴһû׼ںܳ󡭡
еľŨص·
ңҲģѾ׼˺ܶƯ塭ֻûʱ任ϡ
֮ǰ˵սľײйһֵ̣ȴڼұгһֻŵʧȥǵͯ
ֽֿУʵͣͷֱӽԼ֮
ߴ洫ʹʡ
Һöġ
ҲӦáҡ
ĿɿڴؿصǸ䡣
ѾʶΪĳ壬ﷴӦ޷ġ
̲סתͷ÷ɪ˹
ѧʱˮûΪ̬ϵ˿ãֶԸоѧʱƴŶǿɱ⡣
¾Թ÷ɪ˹Ҳֻܽ۳ɣ
ĵ̾
Ϊѣͷʹ֣˵ľڵ֡
÷ɪ˹״̬̫ԣ˹ĿְĹ̺Ҳһ굽Ҫɱ˵ģ
۳ڳĸӡǻ֮еġ
ƫƫһΪǼ׵Ļϱĵϡ
ֻ嶼һЩƲסԼֵ̬ҲЩȡ
֪Լ뾡ס
뵽һҲ˲ֱӱ嵽֮
ڽɪɪʲֱֹ֣һѾͰԼķ۳ӰӰ˳
ۣһҧֱӽֻͳ˳֮õĶħԼĻ
ûλĸ׻Լóªġ
ֶ˵
Ӳüֱһʯ
ⲻ֪ڶЩٶʱҲǿֻŵѡ
ллأǿƵ֣ﲢûκη
һֵ֮԰
ˣҲ뿪ˣҿ㷢ġ
˵
ֻҪԹԵġͽҵĺúӡ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹п˹Ͳ뷨跨սðɥķհɱˡ
ֳĸĵ̾
Сع۲ڣоƺ
̧ͷҭſ֡
𣿡ʡ
Ȼġ
˵
÷ɪ˹ĿıϣձҲꡣ
ǣҲš
һ룬ĵ
ɲб۳棬ޱɳƣмһֹĦȥһһѼС塣
һ㶡
һֲԤȻڶ𳹵û
ĸסѾĻˡ
һ̣Ȼ̧֣ǰֱ֫ӻס֣ε̬첲ȥǳĹǰ֫沼˵̣ҲΪסֵʱָ޷ѡ
һ˲ȫΪˡ
Լؿڡ
ҶԣĸԶѡҡ
˵
ֿ죬΢Цڿ
ԣҲϵˡ

¡һ޴
֡
ſ
Сģ
ֻ۳漱ӶӰʳ˵棬ϮǡʳĶֱҰڲװЩӲʵĽǽڣĵΣװʳĻ˲仯Ƭ
䶯봥֫ӳұӿտĴ˲仯Ϊθ
ӷֲԾ÷ɪ˹ֻһӡ
Ȼȱŭ۳˺ǵʳе֮ʱǿȴǵѷղұ䶯Ѫ¸סĺϽܷš
衭ôңôô
˺Ͻϣµж۷ۺܿͰѸڽϵĹѪڻŨ֭
˿ɺ֮ʼϹͼŸ֡
ȴ쳣ʵӲֵȼĳĹ¶˿
Ȼҡ
÷ɪ˹ڻӦ
ô޴ãﵱȻô
˵꣬תͷ˴컨壬ǽڣǵðϳԼӿѪ⣬ĿһƬİ
Ѿˡ
ǡȴ
ʼնڡ


134 
ʥ÷ɪ˹˵עö֮شֵͬʱ, һװһöը
ʮּس˴Ȼ̧кԼͬ顣
, ǵ뿪ˡ

û˿, ʵûĺȺѾҲƲͣ, Ͼը˸ĺһ, ʱѾʼ
ڹ涨ΧԶ䳲, ȴѾΨһ³Ǳ֮Ȼ󳹵׻һ̡
ҲзѾԱʱġ

ǡ
ѾС˽ѵ
ԭ֮ĸϣʲô
г巢˾
ڱ, íڳѨڵĽԼ֧ŽṹڷѾǰ, ѣ, Ȼ¶˳泲ڲ䶯ĹѪ⡣
泲ĶӦ޻ʵʯŽڵճҺȻڳڷѾǰȴһƬʺ, ͬɺƵĶ
Щ鲼ϸܿ׶Ѫйɵ
, һֻ, һֻ͸ĳӴĿնð˳
ǵĳȫͬ
ͬȺĳ屻֮, ͬͼךһ, ʲôħһ塣
¶ĳſŷݻһ, еĸȫ¹ֻܻ䶯Ȼеĸȥ鲼ⷢĲ㡭
һҪ˵֮ʲôͬĻ, ǾȫǶһСĽ״Ѫ⡣
üͷ
ڽ֮ǰҷԼɲẦС, , ԼĶԱǼռ泲ġӡʱ, Ҳеһ˿⡣
Ϊ屸ѡЩᵽޱϤģʥߵζ
Щ⡭ǹĳܲۿλ
̧ǹ׼Ŀꡣ
ҲµûĻЩʥߵһ֡
ʱյġ֮ұҲΪضȫ⡣
֮ǰɲֶʹԼ޴󲿷ֵʧߡ
ڣˡ
׼￴˱鲼ĲѪ⣬ĴΪŶñֱ
ҾȻȫû뵽ʥߣһֳĵĳ塭
ͬԶʱڵĳʹʥ;޴ޱǿԣΪԻطɴ
ʮʱֱӽԼŤε壬˹϶޴ĵ³Ѩ
ܡ
һź漴ǹ
ţڡĻγֱͬ˷ѾСӡ
ţת˲ԭʼΣĵ˰Χ£Ų˶ãܿ죬Ǿͻԭʼĳϸצиÿ׽ˡ
ǵʵ֮УΨһԻİ취
ѾСӵԱҲ׷ͬһָΡ
ûǣĵĻγԶǿȥĸԶԸѾгˣȻǰҽ߾ܵڡˡҧϼڡ
лǹĺγļУԼѾʱʱ˻
ŶԱŵ泷ˡ
ԭóʪů
͡
͡

һֻһֻĻγ治ϴڱмѾСӡ
ϴ󣬲СǿŲסˡ
һСζ˼ʱ֮жԱʹתͷÿԼһԱ˵˶棬ۿžҪֱӵγĳ泱֮С

һŭֱ˹ȥ̵ֱ֫ӹסԱĲӽǿ顣
ǻʱ䡣
˵
лˣϡ󡭡
Ȼһ룬ԱȻһֵģĹ档
Ȼ͹Ȼ˳
ʳԭѵλڰ
Ա˻塣
ãȻء
ϴúڰ
ֵ̿˵
Ȼֱӵ
ŷ֣ԭԱ鸲Щγ档
Ҫ˵Ǳף࣬ѾȺγ̳Եòˡ
Ѿһ͡
ĸס
ĸס
ҵˡĸס
ƺעӣȺԱĻγȻתͷ­ˢˢ
ֿ죬ϸϸ˻
ȥõġ
УԼǰƺƵֻγںϳһѪģ塣
һʥߵ
ڳ¶־ķЦ

ϴ󣡡
һ˺ѷεĺУȻѣŷָղһɲǵȫ泱İΧ
ĶԱѾִľͷתͷޱȿֻŵĺ

͵ҧһԼ⡣
չ򣬽סȶһԾ𣬳˶ġ
ͬʱһʱ䡣


һ
ĵĬ
Ȼһޱȳصĺ
ĳ൱һιеķѾԱ޴𶯺ݺǽϡ
֮ǰʱϵıըˡ
һĳ泲ռ䳹ױȼڻŵʱպɢĶеĻγ涼ͣҷʹļС
Ǻǡ
Ŵӵĸ֪ڳ״̬ʱһж˵ޱģ
ǰһƬģϸǴʹԿ϶ըĳ˾޴˺
ΪγжԱǲûӹ㹻ľ롣
Ŀǰ״ûʲôģ͸һֻұܵ˺󣬡Ȼеʹ

΢һ֮תԱ
ÿһֻȥǱˣ϶ԼҲûкõȥ
ڲǿϢʱ
롣
˦˦ͷҡԽԱͨͷͨһͨǰ
Ǳ㣬˵ɫһƬ࣬Բ䵽С
ȻĹؼʱ̣ȴԭĿܳȫʧȥЧá
ȷϣͨȴʼսա
س˺ܶΣȻʶʲôһֱ̧֣ӽѾûκηӦĿӽǽϿ
̡
ʪĦĿռﴫ˳ԭĵ壬ȻҲϸܵģһ䶯ıѪ⳹׸ǡ
Լİ취зѾˣ׷ˣʬ壬ըĳѨ֮С

ͫһѪɫ
صػŽţͼ뿪֮ȴֻڽ׵Ľκۡ
侲һ㣬ϴǿǳĸ£ַӣҲ˺ĸ׵ġ
ۿѾȫгһͽ͵Ȱ˵
ﲻġ
û뵽Ļ֮Ϣʱø
ѾתתͷĶ۾
εģȫһĶ
ڸղţĿ¡ӷ˿Ļγ泲УܵĳޱȻаĿ
ʣʥߵ
Ҫָںһ𡣡
˵
*
ϢС
Ȼǣһĺڰ
һһʳͬƣûҪԽЩͰý
ּΪԼηĴ۾
Ȼһ֮ط֣Щʳ뾹Ȼſ
ĳĸ۾̾ʶԼѾ뿪֮ǰڵĳҹһİĵط
װ쳣ҡ
ĽԼҫ۵Ŀʯ
컨ϴ״ʯϵ׺ǱʯɢȴĹԡ
ĸסЩΪ׼ġ
󿪿ڣɳƵ˵
֯뵽ǿյıʯ
һ֮ǰԹһ̣ȥȴ͸һͻ
ֵĶӲ
֪־ͲؿʼðƤ
ȫ׽͸˼άģʽ֪ڵ̬ǲһηʼ
ΧָΪΪ׼ЩеëȻ
֪ѾʮôģǵʵֻЩݻĻȷʵǵÿһطֵϲá
Խ־ԽǸеֲ
䳲ңӦڳ泲ڳĸĻܿͨѹͿʪжϳڵλá
֪ʮʱ﾿ŵصչֿԿ϶һǡһҲ
÷ɪ˹ֻϢѾңԶˡ
ڣֻ
УھԲǻҵʱ
ȷʵЩϲ
һתͷ
ı⣬Ŭ°÷
Ȼڿ˿̵ģȴܿƵһ
Ҫʲô
־ʧغ
ǰֻĳ岻֪ʲôʱѾȥ·ҰףŤ壬ǱʯĹͬʬ㷺ʵĹ
ҲΪֵԵʣûȫָԭʼΣ̬Ҳʵڸϱߡ
ĸ͹𣬳ģ乳װֱӴ촽з˳˵ʱͷ­Ǳֱг롣
޴ĸУֲ԰׵
Сĸס
巢˹
һЦţһһһ


135 
, ֱһ⡣
֮ǰܵɧ֪Щԭ֮ĸʷ¼Ȼӿĵ׽֯µ롣
ûʲôڸˡ
롣
¾־ǿҲ޷αװ侲ģֿʼȥ, ɫҰףΪֻŶһֱš
Ұҵĺǡǳǰʱ״ϲ, ɲɰȻֿذЩǡֽͰ͵˵ͼĳЩԲµĿ뷨
ҶԼһɾԲôᡣһ, ƭ, ҡ
֪
۾һ¡
Ȼ֡
֪ˡ
Ѿķ볹Ťĳ, ѾԸȥ
̧֣εָԼĶǵ˵㡣
ұκγ嶼Ҫĸסжô, ôĲ̡
Щ, ־ʧ̧ۣ
Ҳס
ĸף֪ʥֳ, һԼʱҲͬʱɶԷļ䡭
ѾԸټԼ˶ٸԼ
ŤѾٱΧһи֪һƬģ, ǿȷһǣڱɹЩִûΪ, ĸ׵ͣ
ЩﶼԼ֣޾ľ, ǲûŬ, , ҹʱҡҾʱᱳҡ
л׷ѰġǷġ
ǶǱӡ
еǿռԼĳĸҳΪΨһ棬Ȼ֡ǵµãЩĸ׵÷Ѫȵҡ
ǿѪľǰҲǲһų
еΪ˱淴õֱгѣĵصס
Ǹĸ׻ˣְѾûκʶ˴⿿ȥİ׳գҲȻ᲻ԭؼ˥ȥ
ɳƵ˵
Ȼ߹֣˵ҲȻҸġ
ֻǣõ֡
ڸְŵˡԶԶһֻ塣
ѾŬˡ
Ŀֶһֻ۳ֳİ⣬Ҳ˱
ûпҡ
ôＵʵѪҪɺԵİ⣬Ҳ
ԣҷˡҵ˵ֻҪĸԶ߾ͺˡһΣҲܽߴߡ
㣬侲
˵ˣȻȴѾ˳泲ǽϡ
Ѿ޿ˡ
ǰﻺģſֱۡԼԼ塣
ǵģſ塣
֡ſҲʱֲŷԭؿϵѷ첢ǳؼȻγɵĽӷҲǻεؽڡ߹һ˫ŵ䣬ߴˣ¶ʪʺأնǻ
޷ԼһС
徹Ȼпյġ
һֱϸͬһ㻬Ҳֲ֫ʶҪ±ȵķ˶Ҫ⡣
ｫԼƳһۡ
Ҫģǽֳڣʥ߽Ĺϵͳ£ֽΪڲһŻ⡣
ҲԱԼ־Ҳܡ
񾭹ֵ֮ĻӦҲȫһͬһи֪Ҳȫ֡
ǽܵļ뱻ߡ
ҪĸΪһ塣
仰ļȿֲ֮
ĸףûϵġ
ſҡҽſҡ
ַһ໰ǰδеȻǽһ
Լţٿʱȥǵӵġ
֪ĸףһжҵʧߡ廹ǡøõġ㲻⣬ҲӦõģֻû뵽ҾȻ׵ҵ㡣
ұѾˣЩĸף㡣ΪһҪѰҺܾá
Բĸףûа취ٵȥˡ
˵
ޱҸгѪȴ˳ʶ

εƬ߹ǾһأסӰ
·жƤһأǶڡ
ҡ
ѧ.
*
һˡ
¡
ֻ۳Ĺ£һ泲Ȼ
ͬɺһʳйɵͣܿ죬÷ɪ˹ǰͳŻεĳ
͸ԼȺùķѾСһұγɵĻγҲϮ÷ɪ˹ǡȻĻ֣ᷢЩγ÷ɪ˹ʱֳ׺ݣ԰ЩγгɡѺÿɰĳ̶ȡ
ǿͬ˹Լ÷ɪ˹ĳ壬ԺƺƵĻγȺʱҲЩᷳѾܵؼӿٶȣÿһҪƳ泲ķҪɨһЩγ档
ڻγ罦ĳѪУͿ˹Ȼ֮ǰ侲÷ɪ˹һȻ͵ͣж
ڸʲô!"
͵ضԼĳͷųж۷۽ƬĻγڻճ޺תͷ񶾵÷ɪ˹
ôˣ÷ɪ˹û𣿡
ˡ
÷ɪ˹ɫֻ壬˵
ʲôˣ
˹ʵ
֡ȡǲܼЩȥ
÷ɪ˹ǿżɭȻ˵
λڳ泲ײ¾Ϊ˱ĴţԲŽִôңԶĵطԼ彫泲
ȵ÷ɪ˹˺Ƽ͵ĳ泲ɱлγϵʱһп¶Ѿ޷ˡ
Ѩ
˹Įѵ
ûбİ취
ģѪ۶ɵĳ泲ֶĵǱ
ǻа취
÷ɪ˹̧ͷڸղŵһ֮󣬸Ļγٴγɳ泱ӿ
Ҳʱ˹
ɱҡ
˹
ªĳ岻üҡ
۾΢΢һ
ܴӸ˵ֻ嶼ǳ⽫÷ɪ˹ɱĹؼʱ΢ǻǿռϷ硣
ˣ
ֻҪ
ֻصһ
ҵıΪ;޴һֱﰲڳ泲ײ㡣
÷ɪ˹ޱ˵
ʥ߻ԼķϷͶӰǷʧ֮ͶӰҲᱻջءθѾΪһ÷ɪ˹һ߻ʥߵԣһ߼̵ؽ͵
鱨ôʱһֱͼı壬ǶʧˡпΪҲʶ
ԣ˷֮֡Һпܹڱ


136 
÷ɪ˹ĻӦ, ̬һֱⲢչ¶˳ԭͣϵĻƱø
˭ԿóĶ
һ룬ֻɺ֮ȴ͵ش˸, ־޴ջ˹
ҡҡͷĿɨ÷ɪ˹, һ㲻ĵ
ʲôЦָûκΰյ顭ô, ǻġ
Щɵֹš
Ҳ
÷ɪ˹ƽ˵
ҲΣյʱȥֻҪҪҡ
ʥߵʶƿڰɣһʥߵıʱ㾿÷ɪ˹ǰȵ, Ǽһȷ𣿡
ʵ
÷ɪ˹ĺޱȶݵһ͡
ǰ, Ҳ᲻һдȥ֡
ĸѡеĻ漴ش
÷ɪ˹Լǰ, ĵļһռ֡
ô, Ҿ͡
ҾͶˡ
۾ø, ̧֣ǰۿʼԭʼε̽չ¶ȻڴʱһڹȻԱһ
ſһسѪ

÷ɪ˹ͷ, Լؿڱڳ˿ڡ
Ȼ̧ͷ, ˶ֵļһ
ǿ˹
Ĭĳɱ÷ɪ˹ʱû˿ԥ
û˷ʱתԭʼζֱιõĳ, Ϊḻɱ֣ת˲㽫÷ɪ˹ȫնϡ
þͺѾԼԺ顣
÷ɪ˹Ѿ˿˹Ϯ, ȴûжԳªĶκεֿ, ȫԼĻ, ҲΪʵ÷ɪ˹˿ڿȥ൱ҡ
ǾٵĲҲԿóʱྡ٣Ѫĸߴ嶨Ȼž޴ʹࣺ˵˹ֵøӸɴһ㣬Ȼѡһöʹɱ¾ʽ
ⲢϿ˹֮ǰ·ʽ
ҲԤڡ
 ٣˹㡭
ֿ˹Ȼǰ֣һյصͺ˻˻ţɺ֮еķʽֻ塣
˹Ƴһۡ
˷ʱ䣬ֻϡ
Ȼȥ˵ɿ˹۾ȴһֱͣ÷ɪ˹ϡ
÷ɪ˹ϵļ΢΢һ¡
ɳɳ
ֻΪ÷ɪ˹ġɱΪֵĶƬ̣ܵ泲һοʼɶ
γ㼯⺣ӿ
Ȼɱ״ЩƵĻγ沢ûγɼʶǣЩ̥ѪĻγʼձģԷΪͱ˵ѾԼо÷ɪ˹˵Ŀ¹һγǰĻγ̾͸ӸߴҲ
Ļγ棬Աøǿˡ
ЩһĶˡ
̧֣ԭ׾پͽʴཬ۷ۣһЩγϣȴֻðһ̵̡
ңܵϮȺ֪޾Ļγǲûͣ½ŲЩŤӷһγһ塣
ĸס
ĸסԶҡ
ĸףҲ뿪ˡ
Ƿһһ˻ÿһȥޱȼɲ
÷ɪ˹иڵӰ
ΪͬΪʥߵЩγʶзĿϲ߽
ȻһֿܣΪڵ壬ȷʵҪȥˡ
ڷɿ½
ͽˡ
ɳƵ˵
˹Ĵǻζһ£ɾش÷ɪ˹˳
÷ϻ
ª۳淢һߡ
÷ɪ˹ӵʥ߻ѪҺΧ£Ļγļ
һ룬š顱һ죬÷ɪ˹塭Ӧ˵ʬ壬صˤڵϡ
ˡ
üң̲ס϶࿴һۡ
ɺ֮˵÷ɪ˹Ѫɫڵϵĳ˾Ŀ
ǵģˣʱġ
˹˵
ֻªޱȵĳڿȥ֮ǰҲûʲô̫𣬲ʱݵദԿ˹Ҳһ֪ͱ˵ڡѾԸоǹ翨˹壬ʱڶֵİΣеǵͬʱȴ֮ǰԸ߰һЩ
ڴﱻɵֻʣͷ­ĳ壬ȴ׵Ľ˰÷ɪ˹֮ͬС
ȻΪе˷ܣ˹Ӧûпڵӡ
૵˵
ǡ
˹ֻЦţȻתӰ
Ա˴ףֻ屳ţŷӵĻγ泲ͬʱ
δ𡭡δ𡭡
ճҺ˳ų泲Ѫӿ˳
ֻôߴĻγһֻŵļ峯ֿ¶˻ݡ
ġ
̾һ˵
*
ͬһʱ
泲˿صʵ
ͬɽһ˯ںڰ֮еľ޴壬ͻȻ֮俪ʼ䶯
̶ľ
Ȼ֮ǰӹгѾĻγɡ
͸ѪĳûκγĻϵġװʧ顿Ӧ
ꡣ
ꡭǡ
Ƕʥ߱ϵװãھ޴ķ䶯У׾پͻΪ˶ѵĽƬ
Ӵţҫ۵Ļɫɫཻơ
״βĴʳ泲ĳ泲ڱڣһ룬Ѫӳ泲ڲӿ˳
ڽʥߵһֱڳ
ıԶԶ֮ǰ磬һʮ֣ڿԱľι£Ѿʥһǿ׳
İٶִĻ֮£űĽΪѪ泲ʽṹˡ
ЩǱڲṹеĻγûüӿֱʥߵĻ»⽴
ܿ죬ʥ߱巭ó泲֧Žṹ˵ĳ泲һĳ泲ռ䶼ʼ
֮У޴״ʥ߱棬ֻ۾
罦
ճҺӿ
Ѫı֮Уֻ޴ĳܿ͸һ㱡ĤǱĤܿۿɼٶȱӲ࣬·𽫳ӦеɱΪӿǧ򱶡
Ĥӳ֮ԭʵ״壬𽥸˼׿ǣҲһԳªʳ
ʥ΢΢̧ͷתԺǶʮֻ۾㿴Լĳ
һ룬µıĤٴγ֣Ȼһͬٵķʽ䡣
СһȦ
һΣαþһЩҲٹҫۡ
ɱɵĳϣֳ˱Ѫɫ

ڳɱ䲻Ͻеͬʱ޴ĳһֱڳĳǰ
κָ㣬ĸ֮ȻĸӦѵֻʥ׼ȷڵķ
գһȫյĴǰʥֹͣ˶
һ㱡Ĥ䡣
΢΢ɫĳ䶯ţӿţȻںڰУ㼯һӰ
ԡ
۳ͷһһ˫ֱضŵ档
ڡ
ţȻ΢΢
֮ǰôֻڳѨǳǳĺۼһǿͨ˫ȴͬպûͣ׾ٱ㽫ﹹʮĳ泲ʽṹһһ˺
һ泲ṹǰ
÷ɪ˹չԼĳ򡣳·һԾ
֣¡
ججţͫɫòݡ
ˡ
*
¡¡
ڲ
оǼһˡ
ĦԼǰ֫ѪԼĳ֫Եȥ
ܵ˳泲·֮Ĵǻ˻Σһ졣
š
˹̵ػӦ
ӳһŻγԴ
ΧѾһʬ塣
Щһôûû˰
һһԹ
Ųˡ˹䵭Ƴһۣһ˵㾡ˡ
Ȼû˿˹ʵ壺ϣȥ
ɺ֮ȻһѪ⡣
˵ҵ͵Ϯ˹ĻһˣӦҲʲô԰ɡ
̲ס˼š
һ㶼ɿ˹ʵҲŸͬĴ㣬ֻϧĿǰ߶ûڱͬʱɱԷּԿγ泱
Ϊ÷ɪ˹뿪ټϻγôһСʱֻ嶼òϣپ޴ѹ
ңҲóϣôɱɱɾĻγ棬ȷʵеЩƣ͡
ҿ϶˹ҲͬĸܣΪֻӽٶȱ֮ǰ˰ٷ֮ߣսп˹ס̬С¶ޱȳªĳԭ͡
ϲָо
ȻЩļٵĽŲ
üͷתΪһĻγ棬ȴû뵽ƿ󣬴񱼶ȴһѪ⣬Ǳ塣

񱼶ģ֮ǰķѾСӡ
ڳ泲ʧֻƾֱܣǵ뿨˹֮ǰɱ¾սȺﵹҲ
û뵽ֻͦϲķѾ죬ϻֻֿŵı顣
Ȥ
˹
վŵֻ壬һ
ллء
ȻѸٵشԼƣߵĶԱǶ㵽뿨˹ĺ档
Ǻ⣬ͽλˡ

ʲô
˹
˻˻
ûеڽͣлģ˻
˹ϢսԼ
Ĵ΢΢
ǶûԼЩγ棬ֱӿʱķ

Լĺ
Ҳ֪ʲôһЩ̫Ծˡ취ɱһЩǸɱ֪ǵ㲻塭
ЦţŬάű侲˭ܿһ־塣
ĽͣͨĶ
Щȥγ棬ǻγ沢᳤ʥߵ
һžһģȱȫģʥߵʬ塣
ЩʬȻԱƶһЩٹ̵ģĨԹ
ĸס
˻˻ĸסΡҪҵĸס
ҲǹԺӡĸһˡ
ǱʥΪ޴߲塣
ʥǿʼձŻԡ
ڲ֮ǰƾڤڤ֮еʶϵЩƬܵϲá
Լҵĸס
һΣĸҲ뿪
ڲȱǸγûʲôȻڳĸʢĿȴֱӳߴֱ˿ɲɱĹ
˵ʥߡ
Ȼ֪ô࣬Ⲣڷ󣬷һ
Ƴһۿ˹ȻںųҲء
ڵû̫İֱɱһֻһֻԹޣ˼Ļ塣
ǣҲܾ뿪
ǽֻڵǡ
ĸס
ϡϡĸ׵ζ
ǰġſն۾ˡ
֮ǰΪᵽֵζŻִŵ׷
ڣֻϣˡĸסζ
̰ػζ壬ϸʳ벻ϻ裬Ϳ˹ֱӶ
Ϳ˹Դ׼ӭսһ˲䡭
䡪
һ죬ڳѨϷƿһ޴Ķڡ
ֻ;޴̬ȴƯøκγ嶼ĶγӶһԾ¡
Ȼֱѹֻıϡ
ų£ж涼˲תΪ̬
ϸݣȥֻʮһꡣÿһֻ̬Ᵽ˺ͯĽǶǵòȷʵƵɰ
ǵ裬ʲôʸĸס
ôһȺȥɰ壬ȻɵĹֱѹ˽£ȫ޷
Ϊ׵һĹĵس֨֨ҽеġȻŶԷ̧֡
Ѫɽ
һĲҽС


137 
ȺĹ¡˲ܳŻ⽴
Ѿóɲ͵ཬ, Ȼڼ̽ȱʳ׺ݵ̽ԼĵǣȻһα, ѹơ
ۿЩĩȻ, , ¶Щı顣
һڡ
Ϊ׵꣬һţͷسԼֵʱĶں
ңˣ
Ƭ̺, һֺֻĴëԭʼ̬ɶ˶ڴ, ŵýͰͣȻͨһ´Ӷֱӵ˵ϡ
ڼԶۻë޳ǷǳŬ˺ü, κθȫɱĳȫûӦõá
Ϊɵ, һڵĵطպþǡ»㼯ελá
һ, ֫ך϶ɵ建سſ˿ǵҺ˳Żεݲ, ĵǰԲĹֺһޱС
Գɹת̬ĸǲͬ, Ϊˮʴµĺ֢ͬһƤ֮һȻû̬
֮ǰΪӴҲˡ
ѹСţСɫøǳ, , ҲԲ, ɡ
˵һ֮ǰȥ㽶ݮܣôڵһԲĹĵݲݮ
ι
üһ, ǰһ
Щͷһ㽫һڴӻγĿо, ʼնôϲ̸ֻ͵, ûõӦûİɣոϳȺɰҡסֵ̬Ⱥ̣ĳ΢ԭɺ֮ⲻˬûеһʱ䷢ֶߡ
ǾһĿֲ飬ȥΪСһ˿ûе֮顣
ЩɵؿǰԽԽġЩػ˻Դë״Ĵ롣
ȥѳԡ
һڷǳίС
һޱ䵭Ƴһۡ
ŶνŶ־ͺˡ
Ļ䣬žͻϲص˳̬СпȥҲģһͷë׵İ׽ɫɫȥһ޻ǣڵԲԵ÷ǳɰ
ʵϣСڵĳ̬Уߵ·ҲһӽģȻûһͿɿڵɫǷǳӽڷŴȮΣҲͬëĿɰ
һһţֱ˴롣
ҭһҡҿԣ
̵һСӣȻгٹ̵ľġ
ûü֣һȻתȻšſ˿ڡ
ĺŷһ۵⡣
ȻűѹĳѹѨеĿռ·𶼲Ĳ
⿪ʼӣչ󸲸˳Ѩͼġ"лγϡ

·һȵķХ
ͷ֮ǰ嶼ѾȻȻ΢彫˳ͼךڱ֮¡
Ȼһͷﳹ׻һƬɫ̼ʱȻܵǼĿֲ

ȵ˹Լĳ̧ͷʱǣлγ棬Ȼ׵ػһһƮĻҽ
Ĭ
ǳĬ
á
һһССá
ȻҲʶԼǺ˵ڳֻ۳˲Щ΢Աա
Ҳֻ֮ǰѾʶһһţʱǿάס侲
ССѾʽ̿ʬһԾֱǰ
أ
һźʵǿ뿴׵ԵЩ롣
ֻһȺ̶ѡ
ңΪ˱֤Լõֵĳ谮Ⱥ۳ںܳʱﶼСģ
һԼ˵̣ǿѹԼﲻӿֳģһŵȳĵ⡣
豻ˡ
˵
Ȼתͷ֮ǰһڵͷҡҡ׹ܷš
Ǻܸܿϵǡ
׼˵ԼļƻʱһŰǰֻφõ۳档
ô鷳
˵תͷһڡ
һڵ΢΢ȥԲ
һŵĴζһ¡
ˣ֮ǰԵЩõġ豻ĵĳ۸ˣҪϽȥ衣
һһ۵˵
Һ俪
ָָָ档
ֱӺ俪泲ṹҪķѴֵλڳ泲òҪ
˹˵
ȴõһмһƳ
Ǵ
Ļ䣬һҲҲ̲סˡ
ŵ棬ֿ죬ǿҪŻһ΢΢鴤
ֻСּˣǳ־һԾ𣬶㵽˾һԶĵط
¡
ʶľ޴
ѹһкɳ泲ʲ罦˲䲼˿˹ĳ
ֻ۳ɫضٵͷʱȴһڡ
俪Ĳֻһĳ泲²ıտռ䡣
ƺܵ˾޴ʹվڡڡ۳涼ڰγڴ̼ӿʱ򷢳
һΣѾٻΪЩСеˡ
վɺ֮ģӦõĵģԼΪߵȼ۳õϣԼֻ֮ԼڳȺеĵλ


138 
, ǼﾪѴɵģԼ롰ĸסΪһĻ鷿֮У
ǱһѪɵĹײİһ
ִ˿Ψһĸܡ
ʪʳͬѾõһֵȼ, յùͷ·ڿ졣
ֵڲԸо, ˵, Ѩ𶯣ȴֲǾΪļȼӦΪܹ
÷ɪ˹뱾ںʱ򣬻Сǽ볲ѨʱΪĸо, Ȼ, Ŀǰ״£ȴϾ˼־ϵ΢ܡ
ȵĿ־ͽ˶˼ޡ
˼Ҳȷ, ʱ˿̣, ܵΣ
ʵ, ֱΪԼܻΪܾȶʹȥǣдһСǣȴȻͽ޹, 侲, ҪԴС
ѧ
С֡
ǰûмѧع鱾ʱӡҲûüԼȺɵɱԺģ
һôɵ, Ҳ֪ܲܳɹ, СɱһҲǾƣ, ҲҪĸ֭
ȷʵþʱ
̫̫ûɣ̫ǣͷ
͵سһ˲˹
취ѧԼ֮ǰһʱ䡣
ۣҰһƬѪ졣
Ĵ嶼Ѿﳶǻ֮УһʵѪ챡Ĥϣһر
ֵʱ䲻ˡ
ԣû˿ԥģֱڣͷųԼʶ
Ȼ־ͱľֻ͡
ĴһƬк
ֺʱĸܡѾ֪Х˶õĿ磬ǱХ׳ˢĶϱڲԫֹ緢ҵ򡭡
˺ܾöҲûȷеĳʶ硣
ȷʵһѾʮ£Լ󳹵ˡ
˵ڽӴʶ֮־Ϊ־ˡΪԼᱻķ񳹵ͬ

Һãֱ־ԼҪάֲסǵ˲䣬ʶغ֡
ǵصġ籩һŻֵ̿Ļֹͣһ˲
Ҳһ˲ץ˻ᡣ
ޱӿҵ˼ץһ˿϶ȻԼʶ̿ءסʥߵ顣
ſҡ
ҧָ
ȡ־ȨڰŪһպ顣
̶̼ڣ־еƲסˡ
ҺãҲȫûлرһ˲䣬ԭϵЩֹͣ˶

ַһɳƵƺߣǻͺ˲ӿһ
һҧԼϣֻſǿͨʹάס侲
Ժӣſҡ
ٴΡơľһ¡
ĳĸʱûбԼĶ޷Ļᷢ־յĹǰÿն
ܺá
ֶĲʶϴԣǰͻȻһѷ졣
֮ǰǲ㱡Ĥһѷ졣
ͷһϲ
Ժӡ
ƭ
ߡ
ԡԲԡſ㡭
Ĥ﷢ʹ롤
ſĸ׵ĻҲĸˣһٴαġ
ͬ˿̷ġֻ֪΢Ĳͬ
ֻԹҲӷ
ǣڡĸ׵
һ룬һָ
ұĸ׸еġұҪĸ׵ָӣһĻ˵ĸ׾Ͳᡭٶˡ
ֻҪſĸףĸ׾ͻ̶ҵġ
ٴΣĸ׶ѡҡ
Զܡĸµġ

еԹ޽
ҲԽԽš
ʶʵ̫ʹҲ̫ѣ˵ȥֻصһʼ
ĵ˺вӿѪζȻǿԼеĿܣֱӷ壬ֹͣһз
ҹԺӡ
ַһĺ
ûбʵϣеĺϲã㡣ȻǾԲܰĳиġ
ıĤʼ̡
˵ʼ¡
뿪ˡ
￪ʼ
ϲңΪʲôԶԶѡңҳΪ棿ֻһΡǣûҡ
ԽԽֲơ
ͷʹѡ
ʶȡĸÿʼԡ
һϵ㣬·
૵ض˵
ЩѵػһƣȻûһؿڡﲻԼôɥĲĸ죬ǸλñӦڵĵطŶԡ
仰˼ǣöһλĸ˵ֺͽţһ˵ʧȥһСָͷҲʹȻ¾¹·һ˻кϲ·Ҳвϲġ׷ף¶ǿģȻȴᡣ
ʧȥ֫ʹ
ʹ׾ۺ䵱װҪ¹
ЩֶѾ˲ȥˡ
ֻƴάһ˿ǿȰ˵
ɵӣҲΪʲôһҪΪҵİ££ͬ·һ׸Ķ
ֿĵ˵
ҡ˵ͬ֫һҪġ
ֵĽַһЩ
û
ҲΪһѾںϵԵʣ־ȻԼԼԲʱޱȾ顣
ְһ
飬һ˵ʼԥζջᱻ˵
ȻΪ᳹׷룬ſԼʱһʳȴ䶯Ĺָ
ֵĽָ
һöָ񾭡
صؾһ£ֻоٴαȻ˳ͷβĿҡ
ʶֱǸ˲䣬ֿһЩޱģĻ桭
ʶĽָ
Լһģһģһġ֡
ЩԼǴöָԥظĲӡ
Ϊ÷ɪ˹
ӽУֻܿ֡ޱĮ̵ףԼԷһ˿
㲻Ϊġ
ԶԶһ𡣡

ͬһʱ̣ӴεΪһԼļսݡ
һ˺ѷεİȻ˫ۣסԼĳĸ
һƬѪ죬ʹĹ׻ʣһ
ûϵͷõ˵ֻҪԺĸΪһĻ㻹·㶼Ҳ޷ˣͬҲҲʧȥһ
ֵɫһƬɷס
𡭡
ٿڣһ͸оԼʶڱģ
ܶڲ֮󶼻ע䶾ǳߡ
Ϊĳ壬ȻҲԼĶ١
ԲĸףҪḶ́ȴûа취һͬȹ
﷢һɳƵЦ
Ϊĸ̫ƭˣ˵ȥһᶯҡġ
ġٱƭˡ

Ҫ
ؼе
ȫãǸǽɢ
ǰδеľӿͷʪůѪ⣬һ
ҡ
˭Ⱦҡ
䡪
Ȼ˾޴ıը
ſ֡
ֱǻþ棬ַԼȻ÷ɪ˹
ûʸĸף⡣


139 ġ֡
÷ɪ˹
תͷ, ֱֻȫʥ߳塣
ѾȫʧȥԭͣΪں̫õﲻͬ÷ɪ˹ļךӲ, Ʒһ޳ģԼޱȷǰ֫ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһƬۼ׿ԳƵͬʱЩך֫ȴӵп¹ͬʱ, ӵž˵Ļ¡ƽļךϰֳȻ, Ƶ޹ÿһ֮ϣ֫ǿ׳, ޱţ˶ߴֳһϸӯС
Ҳйһ壬ҲѾǺܾ, ܾǰˡ
ڽο¡֮ԭĻѾ޷ĳ̶ڵԼҪΪԼһªŤģ
ֱ˿ֻ̣ɱɹʥ߳ǰ
ḯʴһ˼ʹ
ʲô
˻˻ʵһ̽, ӴڳһС͵ɽÿһϷ·ȼڵĶǿҵľȫͷųľ޴ѹóеĿռ䶼ʼŤ
⡣
÷ɪ˹ظһ, εĿʼؿڡ
ļٺ߹ż΢΢ſ¶İ͸ĤȻֻһƳ, ÷ɪ˹ؿǱ, סꡣ
ĳĸ
ˡ
֡

÷ɪ˹΢ת, ǿҵҫ۰ƿʼͣ˸̧Լ֫
ţʳȻǶѪĳ֮µֱֱĹ塣
͡
͡
ÿһʳ˶˼пն׾ٵش̴Ƥ⣬ţĶҺʼԴԴϹڡ϶ʱ˴Ϻõ˿ڡ
˻˻
յȴȫܣֱӳ渲˪۳淢ɥĲĳЦ
÷ɪ˹һҲ̫Сˡ
ĿЦһЩ˿˳
ǳӡ
εģɢĳӡ
Щû۾ҲûдԣϸСȴϸܶκƽϵĴ֫ǵͷһŹŹֻεĿռݡЩɵĳ泲ͬˮһӿǴҧ÷ɪ˹ʳ룬һЩɴӿŵ˿ֱ˽ȥʳڲʼʳ
÷ɪ˹ޱϵʳȫ䣬һֵٺܿͱǵĳȺ̳ϡ
֮ǰѾԼı÷ɪ˹
һ˲һĽҺʳ뿴ȥӿݵģ沼ϸ̰ĸë
Ķֺֿݶ÷ɪ˹ȻչᣬȻ
ͣ˰֮УͷЦ
ĸҵġ
ظ
ûκ˿԰߶ˡ
÷ɪ˹ĿֿƵʵ˻ð
ʥߴʢŭʱȻӦ
ſ֡
÷ɪ˹ȻһȻֱӳ˹ȥ
ûʹʳֱӳԼ֫֫˱ԵĳڽӰһĿֲٶȵļӳ£÷ɪ˹˳˿ڡ
ȳѪ˳
Ȼʵ̫ӴˣΪһ壬ͬʱҲѨ˵˿ȴһǳǳõۡ
Ĵ÷ɪ˹ɿعУɽѪ֮֫ײ콫ҳ
ѪҺζԽԽŨ

һɼǵкۣ÷ɪ˹ڰһԾ£Ȼ洹ֱĳ֮ϡ
΢ЩγԷشյ˿ϣܿΪմȾѪҺڻĻγ滯Ϊʵ飬ι̵ظϣֻ̬Ťָֻԭе
÷ɪ˹̫ˡ
ξҵضһֱЦš
ʱʱģסԼ΢΢¡壬ȻͷǵسԼڲѾûжĳĸૡ
ֱڿҫ
㿴Ƕûа취úñ㣬ĸףǸûʸߡ
÷ɪ˹ؿڰȻͣ£ݵͣһºнȾ˰ɫ
𣿡
Ȼֿ죬һЦ
һ롭壬ʼͿ
ʥߵʵ̬׺ݵĳ壬Ȼ˳֮Уͬ˵˺ҧһ
ݾ׽ŻεѪ⡣
֫˺ʵĳҡ
﷢һŭĺСʼ
Ѫ䶯Ż㼯һ𣬺ȻųѨľ޴
Ǹ÷ɪ˹ıϣʼƴؿҧޱȼӲĳǣѪҺЩϸ΢СĻγȾһƬǵĻҰס
˲һƬŢѪ֮
ɡ÷ɪ˹ҿ㵽ж
Ŀȵض÷ɪ˹
÷ɪ˹֮ǰǸ״̬ʱЩ鷳ϾͷץֶС
ǣʥߵı塭찡ɰֺѹˡ
İٶֵأ׳ľ޴˵Ȼ޿ɺȻǸѾʮ÷ɪ˹СýеЦ
Ȼ÷ɪ˹ĳЩ˵ȷʵǿµġ
ѾﳹѹƲҽɣ÷ɪ˹ķȻ￪ʼʳ÷ɪ˹ͬʱ÷ɪ˹Ҳʼ˺岢ҽС
ۡ
ײеĹ£Υظеʹʹȴ񾭿ʼ
ֻ壬Ҳĸסͻ΢ϲԼһɡ
̰ؿ÷ɪ˹̵
ĻγӳѨλó˵ײ֮Уޱϸܵذס÷ɪ˹÷ɪ˹ѾȫûһƬ䶯ݵĳ泲֮С
ƴռ÷ɪ˹Ļ
÷ɪ˹ɣԭɢĻʥϣ÷ɪ˹Ƶİơ
͵Ƥһ䶯⽬зס޶͵



ﾪϲֵ̧֣˿ԼԼ÷ɪ˹һ壬鲻ԽЦ
û뵽ԼȻ˺ˡ
ҵĸ֮ȻҵһֻʥߡֻҪһͬںϣͿԵõԼһС
һ塣
ԼԶ뿪Լĸס
лл㣬÷ɪ˹
ʥЦ
һ㣬úðĸ׵ġ
˫ֻأرסԼ֡
ĸף㿴Ҷ˵ˣһӵġ
ֻϧڶ£ʼûκλӦ
÷ɪ˹£弸С˽֮һ
ƺҲԽԽ΢ԽԽ
˶
ֱӽʳ̽÷ɪ˹˿ڴȻֱҧ÷ɪ˹ͷǣ˱ʱֻɫ˫ͫĳ壬ȴȻ䷢һ䵭ߡ
÷ɪ˹ϵ˿ڴֻγȻ˻˻ĲҽУţںԤ׵£Ȼʪ˿顣
ôǲϲġ
̵÷ɪ˹˿ţԭѪ˿ھ̡
żךһ÷ɪ˹˿ڴ
ʥ߳˵
ȻֿԼĿһڱ㽫ʳҧ飬Ȼ̽Լڡ
Ȥ
Ű
ʶȻĴڡòãӵ˫ʶֿܵͬںϰɣ
ʤȯյҪڼԷƫƫͷ
ҿɲҪǼһġ
µһ˲䣬ϵԭʥȻһΪΪ˳˫Ĺģ
ȻԸϡҾ
ſɲͫеɫ仯ת÷ɪ˹
ʲô
Ӧ㷢ԼıѾڰ˵÷ɪ˹ʳס
һ룬ǿȥ쳣һʥߴӵһԾ
޴ţгȺѹճ⽬
÷ɪ˹һҧסζԴ˲ͽͷ­ź󾱵һ˺

ҧסвҷױе÷ɪ˹غ
ͷ­ѵ˲䣬˳˿ڶѴȻзḻܶۿűҪµͷ­
Ļγܵ˱ľҴ̼ͬ񱩵ʯһХӿӦ˵ڼХпʼ÷ɪ˹
ѾԤеҪʲô
ĸסĸĸĸס
̶İͨͷ­ΪƵ𶯶ѡ
ҰɫѪҺۿвӿ
δ͵ͷ­ŤڶѵĲζţڻΨһ̬˫ۣţ̧˰ı۰֮ϡ
ÿһָش˰Сۡ
ǡ
ʥ߼Ӳ׶ûֵܵסĶ
㲻ԡҵĸסһΡ
߽ʴʥߺӿ
Ť˰ķͻ۾͸¶һ˿
Ȼǲᡣ
ֻѡûиıԭƢڷ赲֮ԥֱ̧˺˫ۡ
ȻСظǼĿ޺Уһ˺ؿڡ
顭
޴Ĵ
ҶΪĿ
ԽԽĻγ濪ʼϮ÷ɪ˹
һ̣ԭƲʶȴϵǰ޷졪÷ɪ˹þԼβ˹֮⡣
Ȼ÷ɪ˹԰⣬ֻΪðܹڸƽĻִȡ
һʹ󣬰һޱСĵظסֵ塣
ֵţ˫գһЩѾڣȫһ
ͼʱҵʹԭΪضԹȥַһĳ
áʹ
ڰʳ
ԭ峺۾΢΢ȴһƬãȥƺ˹ʹҲһֱܵĺš
ĶʱͣʧסȴҲҶ㡣
ĸҵġ
Ķִֵ
̧ͷʱͫĳ˲ɱ⡣
֪ʲôʱѾӻָ˹ڵŤͷ­бţϸ˫ڰͬһ㣬̰̽֡
ꡪ
Ȼһӹ
壬һαˡ
裡


̺űŭ
ǵĺǳ⣬СǵӰʱѾһƬĳҡ


140 
ǵĵԭŵս˲ú
ڽļ, вõĳ泲ֱӻɱ¾ĵ
׳ǵԶȳø׿ܣڷһֻªĳ徹Ȼռʱԭʹڱŭ״̬ĳбŰı, ׵׵ؼ
ȺСǱ˳ͷβɱ¾, һǳгɱ¾ǿ簮ķʽ, ô۲̡
ǵǿ̶ԶκһֻӵǰȻҲʾһ˿
׳ǵӰһһӰ, ڲĿռɿ컬ʥ߱, СǵԳƵϸȻߵٶſƿֲĹǿȣǻΪѾ൱, ڳܼĹ, ҲڲɢϾ, ÿһ, ͼٴںʱ, СǶԥһ˺ЩγƤڳǵ࣬иøС顣ļ׿ǣָ״˶ٵ⣬ŧѪһѪҺһ̾еĿ·𶼱ճ
ʵǰɣ̶ֳȵĹҲ̫ˡ֮ǿ⼸ֻӦö㹻˰ɣ
С͵Ŀǰĳʵ
ͬǸߵȼ, ƴȫҲûܸСǵĲԼҲ˼ʮӲŵִĿĵ, ǳǿĳȴѾֲ
ԭѾս׼ѾѾСӶס˽Ų, Ҳսֵʱ
Ϳ˹, ֻսḻ۳, սǰζƳһۡ

˺һʶԼƺһЩʱ˵⡣
Ȼûд˹ڿСǿʱ۵ƴεĸӵɫ
вŵλ˹ӦѹҲܴɣҲ֪֮󵽵׸ôԼȺ̰á
սѪȵսĪģȻЩֵ
ϴҪȥæ𣿡
һѾԱľս·µսսսشչʵ
ͼΪĸսĻڲͣȻΪһģ㹻ĳ壬ȴܵظоԼƺƺȫӦóּս֮С
üҡ
ʱҪǡ
Ц˵
ǡ
ҲӦøһѧѧ
Լ
˳Ŀ⣬зѾ嶼˴˿̳ɫΪ۵ֻ塣
ǰͬΪֵãʵҲгûмս
ʱ˿̣Ƕڷɱ¾ʱһΪˮδɱεı׶Ҳչ˳һлʧȥս
ڣһͷ޴ģë׵׳棬ûʲôɱȥ˿ɰ;
һȻҲûʲô˼ںѹûԼЩѾɱ۵ֵܡ
ڿӰһ˲䣬һڱ㲻ֱܲȥ嵽÷ɪ˹ࡣ
裡һڡڿɺÿˣ
ؽе
ȻȴûڵһʱӦֵֻĳ̡
裿

÷ɪ˹ر֡
ڷ׳ǵ֮÷ɪ˹ԼΣָ̬ٶͷų˳иռ䣬СжҶȫλĹ
Լѭű̻صֵߡ
ǿм˰ֽס֡
ڰʱϸ񣬲ϸ̵ĳ֫סĲӡ
ͫĿɭȻһƬŰ
δ𡭡
δ𡭡
ճĳѪӲεϵε¡
˺ۣѾûһƤ⡣
СǽγĶ̶ʱ䣬Ѿ൱Чʵضһĥ
˵һΣſ֣
ֿһ̶˻
÷ɪ˹ǰ׽Щֵϰ롪û֪סֵǶʱ﾿ֽĸ졣
Ȼ԰̵вȴֻǳԳЦš
ΪΪḻҲΪģҵĥ˵Ǻôȷʵܵ˾޴ʹ࣬Ȼʼգû÷ɪ˹ͰҪ
˵÷ɪ˹ͰֵԽܻԽ㡣
ϸ΢Ƥ·йɵš
ҲŲſĸס
ȳһѪ
СǸЧʵɱ¾ԽԽĻγҲȥˡ
ɫҲ԰ף۾ȴʼ·ڰеûߵ۳棬ʼգ̰űԼסꡣ
ûκ˿԰ĸ״ߴûˡ
Ц÷ɪ˹˵
˭ֵġ
Կסĵɱ⣬֫ǿڳ
ĿЦʡ
Ҫ

ǣۿɼģøһЩ
÷ɪ˹͵üͷ
÷ɪ˹밬Ķʱһ١
Էཻһ
Ȼʶδںϣȴ̵ʱڽʶ
ǵģǿɱ
ܶˣζ޷̵ġ
ȻҲԽֺһ磬ζʿ߽з
Ȼȴᵢܶʱ䡭һֳ׺϶ΪһǶ˵Ƕ˵ǳͷβجΡ
ԼΪĵĴڳװһʹ࣬÷ɪ˹Ͱᡣ
ÿ
˵

÷ɪ˹֪ԼȻԥĸ塣
ɱǡ
衭
һΧ۵һڿŰ÷ɪ˹Ľ֣һƬã
΢̣޷۳˿ĵֻԼԼоֻªĵĳסԼ衣
һҲʲôǸе˾޴Ĳ
衭ѣһڰ
һغ
ļˣ֪Ѿ⡣
ڳг嶼ֻѾûս׳棬ɾһڿں֮
ӦȻԵָ֣ȴ΢΢һ
*
ֻص˻ƽ֮
صκγ嶼޷̤
ʵҲ֪ǰԼΣֻԼڶ²롣
Ȼһֿܣȷʵڲ֪ܵĳٻķʽصǸʱռĵط
ڻҵʱͷһμԼһģһꡣ
ָӹݵӰ֮ǰѾࡣ
ȥһƬĨȥӰӡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôּԷһ˲䣬һǿޱȵֱ
Ҫʧˡ
ֶָӹٿ˵
ʶǿ϶䡣
ָӹٻתͷ֣Ƭ̺΢Ц
ǰҪʧʱ䣬ѾˣΪһеĿʼ
ָӹ١֡ĿͶԼ
һ͸Ī˹ƵĽṹ飬ɢȥ
ͬһʱ̣ĻʱЩһġȻһȥâ
һжˡ
ָӹ˵ͬ˵
һһ˹Ǻӡ
һһѭ飬֯һı棬Žĩڵǳڱ貵Ĺâ֮֮䣬Щâ˲ɢȥû嫵ĺڰ֮С
ڿָӹվһʱԭҵʱֻʣһƬŵޡ
ָӹٵʱѾý͸
ڹʱΪ֡ʵǾָ̫࣬ӹһѾ÷ǳ
ںܶʱֶʱָӹ١֡ȥǿն޵飬ǻࡣ
ڣȴָӹٵƬϸܵޱŨֿС
ת˲Ҫʧڵָӹ١֡ȴκʱҪһģϲŭࡣ
лл㡣
ָӹָ̧֡
УܱǸǺӸ鷳ˣң󣬻Ҫ㡭
ָӹٵɢ
ӽŲʼӰҲ֮ͬǰɢǳһ㣬ǵĹ㡣
ǣֻǿԷϵ촽ȴҲκ
衭
ξĩβֻһ۵ĺޱңԶĵط
·һ˿ǻ
裬ҪҪһۡ
ִһ顣
㱼䣬ֻԼ˲仯ǣããֱ׹˳ǡ
һڡҪˡ
Ȼ۾Ȼʶغǳ


141 
ɱ, Իٵӵ۹ĸףʼնֻҵġ
֮ǰ, ͷԼǰֻɫŤ۳淢ơ
, Ȼֹ
֣
, , ô
÷ɪ˹Ͱصһ
ǾϲֵʺܿͱһȺӵĽк׸ǡ
裡
ˣ
裬Һ㣡

ڷ󷢳һĺ, ֮ǰСϵɱϢȻɢȥ
еĳ϶ŴĿ뾪ϲ
ǿֿŵؽͷĹڲϷ˵ĳ泱УֻСץס, յǰ˻Ρ
, ˣ
һ, ҾͰһﴦɾ
ںˣ
Ǽֻ
Ժǻһֱģ

Ǵ˷衱ִ֮ǰֻõ״̬Ȼ롣
Щȴչĺ, ֱôƯ֮꣬ǰǼֻ׳ǵ̬
ܵҲģڷֳǻôɰ˲ĶҪˡڳ̵ŬסƴεĲ
ǵ, ǲ
ÿһֻڿʱ򶼻ͷųŨصɱ⡣㿴ȥǸ֮ǰһߴߴûûΣΪĸСǶЩһ⡣
Ȼ, Ⱥ¶Ƕ, ͸Ҫ÷ɪ˹밬ˡ
ڿʱ΢΢һ, һԷͱ÷ɪ˹ӡ
ǿм˰µĴ, ÷ɪ˹ȴһƬ
оôԼҾ̴뿪
ģһᴦõġ
Цݽɢȥ˵ʱȴǳᶨ
˺ǻ״̬Щ쳣ѧǸһ㣬תͷǱ¡
ʥߣǡĻҪ⡣
̾кʵ
۾ѾڵȻĸ֪ëȻֵ֪ж
ޱȽӲ
ĸס
ૺ֡
̧֣޳ָЩϡ
˫Ŵ
·Ѿִ֪ʲôʶطһ
ĸף𡪡
ȻĿ޺ֽĶǰûκ塣
ֵָӴĵطʼۿɼٶήɱͬʱеĲҽпʼòܿơ

ĸףҡҡ

֮ǰ޺һÿһжȾ˺ѷεʹࡣ
ͬһʱ̣һսĳ̾ͷ֣ĺУγǵĹ쳣ٻ
Щԭױ֪Ļγ濪ʼһпҲںϾۼµĳ塣
ϣ֪û˿Զռҡ
ֵ
ҲƷ֡ڳ֮ĸ
֣Сġ
÷ɪ˹ǵȴҡҡͷʾԼûйϵĶѾ亹ɫΪŵľٶ԰׵þˡ
ֵĿʼϡ
˵ǰַ·Լв̵Ӱȫصһ
Ǹ֮Ժ󣬲ȥӰ
Ǹô׷ʼҲ޷ߴڡ
ĸס
ٿʱĺпʼѪ
Ǹ
ֻӦ
ȻϻǺʹȴԼ·ӵ˶־һ·Ȼ֪ԼӦô
ԥؽЩɱԼһһһҲ˲ޱȰ
޺Ҳ˲Ȼֹ
ž
Ȼһʪյ
ȻһƬ
ֻ鲼컨볲ڵĻγȫͣ˶ͬһʱȫʧȥ˻ԣȻʵһȻ£Ѿڵһһ㣬ҲκεĶ
ɱһӣɫͱһƬҡ
˻ΣȻ󣬵˵ϡ
һҲ޷
̫ˡ
̲ס˵
ǵģЩ񾭲㡣
ȷʵԽĳɱ¾һһĥиȻʼտƾʥǿ
ֻҪѨлһ⣬ͽƾȫ
ΪһֻԼΪ
ɾڷţԳĸ־ֱӴݻࡣ
ֿƷ֡ܡ
ͶӰ


кȫֹԭѾҡҡ׹Ļ峹׵˱
ֻѾʮĿֲ壬ȻһƽķʽӭԼսᡣ
˹С֡
սĳͣ˶
÷ɪ˹üͷְϡ
Ƭ̧̺ͷƽ˵
ˡ
˵꣬ǲƵģ˳ְ˰ؿڡ
ۡ
౻ѹճҺļךֱӼ˳
*
һ룬ֵһΣ÷ɪ˹Ͱһǰٴν뻳С
÷ɪ˹һӱԵİȻȻ̧Ĩȥ˶亹
£ֱӶ˰Ļͫ

ԵЩӲ
ʵЩ̫ȷǷϣʱ򿴵Լ֪ΪʲôֻԼ
лл
ã˵
㻹Һܸˡ
˵
仰Щɲ꣬ȴ˲ֵ˼
Ĭ˺ܳһʱ䣬ôҲסϵĻЦݡ
ֻҪҪңҾһֱڡ
ޱ˵
Ȼ󽥽ģͬһڻ÷ɪ˹ڡ
ģĿֲ˫ٴλظԭǿŵģ
ܸˣ
Ȼֶ÷ɪ˹ЩĿ⡣

գգ۾
⣬ĵװһ¡
ղһСģЩûעˮ
ѧҾ֪һҵġ
вװһµӣȻֱӰ÷ɪ˹Ļ
񡪡
Ȼסѧһ˲䣬ѧһġ
һ
ԣʲô뷨
Ϊʲôʶھͻˣ
û뵽ַɵһ˲䣬ͷϴ÷ɪ˹ѯʡ
ߣˡǵȻڲҲѧһ𣿡
ֽп಻ҲֻӲͷƤ˵
ôղǸڴ㣬˵أ
÷ɪ˹ûֵķܣ׷ʵ
Ȼѧ
ִ㿪ڻشһ˲䣬÷ɪ˹۾ͬѰ
峺ƽĵɫȾһ㵭Ľ⡣
ѧƺҲ֮ǰ̫һ
ִһܲ
ĳֱ˿ýڡ
ҺãүҲùģٺĳĸı΢Ŀ
ֲ֪οʱһβ
ԭеĳ嶼ѾϾ棬Ѩϵ֮۹ȨӵҪ
ûж֮󣬶ΪϤʼָ忪ʼЩҪƷ
ʱڶѨʼٴζг嶼塣ǾΧȻһλζ󣬶ѻڵϵЩγ滹һûκεĶô֮ǰǡ
Ӧ뿪ˡ
һеļԼһЩȨһ߿첽˹
֮ǰ÷ɪ˹ĸ֮ǰϢгʶΪ˿ռ䣬ȻѾͨƴװԼڵĺʱˡ
Ĺؼֶ幹ѾؼṹʧȥӦе֧šλ̫ˣ滹мףǱѨΪʧȥԳױ֮ǰ뿪
Щε˵
÷ɪ˹С֣һĳ壬õĳѨС£ǶԼѾԱ˵ı˳Ѩײǿ¾൱ˡ
һĻ̾ظͷ
˵ʱҪˣʲôǿ뿪˵𣿹
æ˵
ҼװûпͶͬһƳ
³ĸԼĲ»뿪Ѩʲô̫ѵ飬컨ϱһڵѹľ޴󶴿ڻڣǵķѾҲ뿪ﲢҪ̫ʱ䡣
ֻг弴뿪ʱһƬʧȥγ棬ѪĩѻɵУȴһϸ˿Ŀ
ĸס
гɫˡ
﷢ġ
άϵͳ˥ߵ£ﾹȻһ˿
ʥ߻ǿ¡
˵
÷ɪ˹ĴǱñֱɫתͳȥ
ȥһ¡
˵
鷳ȥͿԡ
ȥ
Ҳԣ

СǼæ񱼶ۿžҪ÷ɪ˹ǰָһ
ȴڴʱסԼ벻˵ˡ
ȵȡ
קס÷ɪ˹סԼĺǡ
ﵹµķ
ȥ
˵
ǣ裬ó
Ǻǲ졣
ǱϾҲʲôıơ
ǵĵ
ֶûʲôȥıҪҶ԰æ
Ǵǳڴǰµ

Ѿͼ﷽ȥĿ˹
ֻ˺ѡ
÷ɪ˹ɫǳѿ
ûЩ뵽ѾˣﾹȻšͷʣߺֻܱܿһ˿Ԫ겻ɢؼ׷Ѱ֡
һ뵽㣬÷ɪ˹һЩƲסԼ
ڵصģΣһ֮˵
ҾڵѾûа취˺κˡ
ֵļ֮£÷ɪ˹ջҪ
屻Ҫ˳ڴ۲泲ṹ仯÷ɪ˹ǵֻصࡣ
֮ǰжϵ̱ڵϵȻһ˿ϢҲ˶ˡ
ֻȷʵˡ
һһε֫ѾɢҺѻĹǼ֮ϣʱԼеĸ죬֮¶˿ֲĶ
հݣƤҰףõ̱ڵϡ
ƫƫʱֻ̣ȴػָ̬
ֻȥҶѡ
Ψһͷ­ѲٿݵУֻһƬڵĿն
һһġĸסҲʶૣǳ־
ĸס
Ȼ֧顣
Һʹءʹ
ʾı¶Լʹࡣ
ճѪ˳ѾȥѲӿ
ʥǿڴ˵ƺһ䡣ʹ౻Ǳ
վ˺һᣬƬ֮
÷ɪ˹ΪͬĿ֮£Щ׾رסֻѾɢı塣

ֶ˵
һ¡
һԵ÷ɪ˹壬ǣĲĻعⷵգãΨһģȴֻ΢΢ƫͷ
ȥÿһ㡣
ĸף
ɳƳɵʵ
Щ֣һɬģ۵ǻ
ȫûӦеķ񲡣
ָеİ
ûеֻشͼڣޱȻʵ
㲻˵Ҫ뿪ΪʲôֻˣǡʲôҪҵһЩʲôأ
˵䣬ﰼݵϣֳǸ龰뾪ϲ
ԼĪĻ΢΢һ
ʱмճ̾ͷӦ˹
ʱ֣ȻǴҡ
ûʶѾʮ֮ľصʮǰǸʱ򣬸պþԭ֮ĸ´Ϊϡ
һ֮ԭ֮ĸ᳹뿪档
Լսȴûи׼ȷڡ
ȻոһյĵȴУױ׷

Ȼһ̵˵ʹδʼ
ԼǰУѹֻǱԭ֮ĸ˶ѡ
ǵģķǳġ
ǣΪ˳ΪĸסĿԵĺӣʥ߱ǿԼеĲʹࡣ
ܿ޺׷桰ĸסȥΪ˭ԭ֮ĸϲģĹ侲ҲΨһԵõĸŵ㡣

ŻϢȥ
УȻãԼ˸ңԶʱУԭ֮ĸһ̾Ϣ
λΪ˴һ뿪
ֿڡ
ûʶԼ˿̵ˣøλѾʱɢָӹһģһ
ͳȴһ˿ᡣ
ҡ뿪
촽
ǵġ
ɣǣһкܶҪҪȥĸ֮ǰ˵Ҫ㿴õ۹塭
Խ衣
ֵ÷ǳ͡
ĺޱȼٶأĴϢѪˮϴӿ
;޴ʥߣʱȴѾ˥ֻܵʣССһţĳĸ׾ٵؽﱧԼ
衭裿
˺ܾòſڡ
ϸ
衭ҵ񡭡
Ѿˡ
ˣ
ԼԼƺʲô̫ԣǣʶһ㵭ȥ
ԼƺʲôȻ˿ȵľ޴ҸϾκζ˼
һжˣԸһˡ
˵
Ѿˡ
ĸԼ衱
ңҪˡ
á
ǰĻþУ¶˴δйҸЦݡ
̫ˡ衭
˵
ҡ㡭ߡ
ˡ
㲻Ҫҡ
ߡ
衣
̾ڳ۹ʮ֮õĿ顣
̵ĳ屩
ʥߣֻ⣬ʧܣδκĳ壬һ̣һĺĸ׻ﰲȻ˯ȥ
³һڳ̾ϢȻ󣬰ĵֵĻ۾
һ׵ʧȥϢ
ˡ
*
ַſʬ塣
ȷ˵ʬֱӴĻ䡪ȫʬûһ顣
Ƭ̡
֣
÷ɪ˹Żع
Ǹˡ
÷ɪ˹˵
á
վȻתͷ
ѨڴĺǼվһڿʱ̴ˡ衱
裬ҵԭʼοɺÿˣҴɺòã
ŲǣҵĲźÿ
裬쿴ҵĳ򡭡
ƯεСȿֺչ¶ԭֵͣسּ˹
һȺ׳棬Ƥ֪ʲôء
ôԶȴһԸЦ˿˹һ𡭡
ǸȿȣӦˣѨҪˡ
Ⱦһ˿
һƬ֮У÷ɪ˹ȴġ
֡
ţ
ѧ

ĻҾӦһѧ÷ɪ˹Ⱥ֦չĴӣ˵


142 β 
֮, ڴ
϶ѻѲٶĻγ棬Щĳں̵ܶʱͿʼˮúͷ
֮ǰҵսÿһ涼˺ĳʬ, ɢųѪеȳ
¡
濪ʼʱǻսϵĲдȫŵ塣
⣬¡
̨ǳĸµk
Ӧ

вһɧ
֮ǰγķ׷ȥѾǰ֪, ȥ, Ǹͳεĳǻû˾ͷҪˡ
Ȼ䣬̨ҲǳеȻɡ
˵ĵȷ, , ǵĳĸҲھ֮вӰ
ͳô꣬г嶼ɥĲӰ, ǷѾ, г嵱ϾҪҡҡ׹ĳѨ֮С
˭֪Ǹӻ᲻ʲôֶסĸ¡
Ǻеؽ
ͬ뷨ĳٲȻֹһλڲ, ѨڴҲһɷɳʯ, ҡҡ׹ģۼڴĳȴԽԽ, ԽԽࡣ
ǵЩƲס
ð, ʵܹ侲ĸ, Ҳ޼
Һ, ̬޷֮ǰ, ѾΪݶεڴ, Ȼмֻ޴ľ޶ֱ̬Ӷ, Ȼ, Ǳǻһʯûĳĸ֡
ᣬĳĸɫЩ԰ףһֻ;޴˫ʺĸߴСڻ˵֮ϡ
ǵģջǱ÷ɪ˹ģЩɨСǵͷ÷ɪ˹ѪǰٽĳҲֻܹԹ
ߴĳֱӹΪݵĲֱչͣ˰С
ĸ¡
ǳĸ

ĻʵʶеĻ֯һֱֵʶ֮С
ĸ̲סǵؿ˿Щ׷Լ񱼲ݵĳǡ
ص׵ԽԽˣЩȵĳƺȫûвеΣգʼնڵµӰӣȵ׷Ѱţš
Ҫˡ
ֶ˵
г嶼뿪򡣡
룬ЩضԱߵ˷Ը
˵ʱϻһ˿԰ףô˵֮ǰЩ飬ٻǸ۵ĵĳĸ˾޴ĸһֱڻЩͷĿѣ
ֵ뷨Уڵ״Ҫ֮֮࣬ܵһܵ飬׼óԭ͸ȥܵؽЩͷԼ򵥵ĵ͵ȼϳΣ
ȻķչȴԶԶ
ڵͿ컬зϸУֵָʾÿһֻĶСֵеĳͣ˿ҵĽŲֵԸǷ׷ɢȥ
ڷǳ̵ʱг嶼Զ
÷ɪ˹֣յļ̳֮ϡ
ǾͨҲ۵̳֮¡
¡
һֻͨ峷ͬʱľ޴ʥԼɵҲױ䡣
̳
ƺնð
ҺãܿɳɢȥԭڵĵطһСӣҲΪճȻɣֻҪ̨һȥȻҲˣȴ̫
ȻҲûôء
̫ˡ
Ŵ÷ɪ˹סı۰ͷȻĵط˺һһ
һжˡ
롣
ˡ
յԶ˵صףĹҲĩ
ôøʲô
÷ɪ˹ʵĻУһʱ֮䣬ȻЩ˵ãȻ޴롣
֡
Һûü㯶ãͶ÷ɪ˹Ŀ⣬Ҵҵؼࡣ
ķԸг嶼ʱûκθˡ˴һͬЭΪ㽨ȫµŶˣȻ飬ĳӦöȥȻӦǻȨ;ȥϢ
һѹͷسź޷ǰ㡤֡ĸ
˲;Լһ˲ãȻʧĺܿЦ
빤
ƺиڴ󺰡
ΪһѾͷӣʱȻʾ˿ȵ۹ةһĸЧʹ
־ץ˾һ㣬˵ʲôֻҪͷˡ
ǣǽҪˡ
ָɰͰ͵س˵
ҵҡ
ļǰָмĵл΢΢һ漴΢Ц˵
ˣһҪɡ
Ȼڡ
ʲô
ֽŵ۾һ롭
ͷ֣棬ǰֱӹ
ǡ
ΰĳߣǵԭ֮ĸ£ңԼҵоţҳϡ
ںԤϵڷѾЧҡ
ʵȻ֮ڳеķѾ嶼ͳһǿȺзѾͬһ㣬ֵķ塣
š
˵ֺȻһϸͷÿգգۡ
ķѾֽһЦ
֪ԲϲַȽڣȻѾʱˣߵ̱ȻҪߵġ
ܿ죬־ʶΪʲôҪ£һּ˵ͻأķʽЧҡ
Ϊ֮һֻ̨
ͷ·֮ǰֵʽδϣڰ˴ȺеǴԼȺ䣬عԭ֮ĸԼĳҳϡ
̳֮£ĳȺ븩¶ɫı
ûΪѹƣȴ֮ǰκʱҪԵ϶
Ƚҳϣֿ
ΰԭ֮ĸȵЧҡ

վڸ̨֮ϣؿ·嫳Ⱥ
ΪԼΌܣֻšϾۿɼЩ֮⣬ֻԸоõ鲼潮гȺӦöܵ뿪ԼԼΪԭ֮ĸΨһģҲߵġĸĹ
ڻģȺеӦ
ЩϸȴϲĻӦԽãã棬ϳ㼯
Щеĺ
ЩȵĿ
Щ纣һȰ

ʶһס֡
һΣַ֣ԼƺѾǸΪӶͷĿѣֳĸ
ҽǵ
૿ڡ
ҽǵҳϡ
ʵһЩŵģԾУ֡Ȼ󣬱㱻һֻֽס
ͷһ۱㿴Լߴ۳档
÷ɪ˹º͵ؿ
еֻţ˫峺ѩͫУɢ
ڳ֮ĸ֡
ҽǵһУҡҽԶͬڡ
