bossҲƽƽƹݵ곤ߣҶ
İ
֮ҰǵĽ俪һҾƹݡ
ŤŤƣ򵥵ªװޣòƷ˵ĵ곤ֵľƹݡ
˵ƿԴ˼漣
¥Ų̋еľƱЦ
ʹƣҲûƾմ漣漣ʵģǾƿԼ
ֻǸƽƽľƹݵ곤
ƹ˸͵곤һˣһ
ƿǶ²⣬ǵ곤˫ֵ̥ܡ
ֱĳƹݿţ̨˫Ȧס곤ˣ°͵ļϡ
һֱºȴĵ곤ȴֻһ¡
곤˵
ҰǶʧˡ
¥һһ߽ѳ˯˳һԼ̸˸Ĺ¡
ж磨
±ơͽˣأ˵õƼأ
ʵˡŵƼȣôʲôûлһʣ
ءܺ߶šĸߣТܡ
ս·лϷܺ棬ɱúܾˡ
˫ǡ㣺Һʲô
˫ǡܣ꣬Ĭǽ
ա񣺶ţ
ף
1ոǧʱ䲻Ӹ
2ˮɣ΢ԣcp֮ⶼǸơ
3ΪΪ
ƹݵ곤¥VSڰ
ݱǩ ǿǿ Խʱ Ǽ ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ¥  ǣ  
һ仰飺С⣬Ų
⣺ϧÿһ


1 
ںܾúܾ֮ǰ컹ҹļҲֻصʱ򣬾˵ƬϻĴڡ
Ǻһģȴϼ»һӵǿѱΪԼڵϵħƶ򣬲Ҵ༼ɡ
ô٣СϵĺؿĲƸһˣȥĶˣ
ڡֻһֻ۾Ļ˿ˣϾ̭ıķˣеʱĴݲϻճǻá
㲻֪ĻҾȥ裬ʲôСӴͨͷĽܵݻϣŽųߡ
û߽˴ǵ˵ĸ׵ģһİ
ˬͣȫϢվܵķ磬ܰеķ궼һɨա
Сİǿһŷ죬©
Ů۾ԼһӰǸһͷ˳ĲɫΪϽɫ
ȻǸǸоĴڣ΢΢ŹĳǺйۣһ˲СŮоԼ׹һƬ׵ҹա
ҪøϸһЩһ룬ĸ׵ıӰסߡ
СŮϵչſĤĶ䣬̸ش
궼лһȥġ
ˣһ°֪ĸΪ˽ʡԴ˵ƣСŮﻹǾãʵʹ˹⡪Ѿܾûİˡ
ĺӶٺ١
Ҫ꣬Сĺӡ
ϲͷ˵Ҫһ㳤һ㲻Ϊģһ㳤ˡ
֨ѽ
һοˣվſڵĸεؿһ͵ܳˡ
ϣ糾͵ĸ״һһĵ䡣
ѾϰˣĸװѻƺɫķȥãˮһֿԷҺϴ
顣׽סŮһ黹û飬㹻Ƶıķϼ¡
ллְ֡ŮܸˣȲҪȥԼС顣
ҾҪȥ׼һЩԵĸҰɡ淢ѹʳζ̫á
Ůĸײ÷һͣ٣ĵۺ͵ʣʲôòã
ЦЦ¶飬ܿ뵽ԽԽƵĳͻ⼸ͲҪúӳȥˡ
ôˣʡ
ϳ̫ãĶӡ¶ҪǸλáҰҪˡҲΪ˱ܿЩ¡
˵⣬̲סԹԽԽ࣬ݻٵĳԽԽ࣬ǾȻ鹴Ķǡ
ϲ˵뷨ô⣿ˣ˸ˣԱ档ת˻⣬һʮˣûбġ
ˮĸ̧ͷƲӷ
Ų񡣡
ɳĮ
ɳĻƻ裬ŹߺڶڷɳߣĶߵĹһǰ۵ɳ쵽һɫĩա
˵ˣû׶ߣı顣ȴڻɳıдС
һԲ״˸צӺݺɳصɳسֵˣ˾ĵ룺ҪҪ
ɳߵˣ߽Բһ۵ͨиĺڷŮԶ֣籩ԽԽˣ
̧ͷ紵ñҵĳǳɫ۾ȱʯҪˡ
Ůסɳܿ컽ǣ
ɳسˣ˰嶼ɻе˾ýսĺڷŮԣһͷ϶Űǵˡ
ССռš
ãҽг֣Ī棬ȴллǴȡ
Ƕһ١Ѻõ֣ҽȽ㿴̽ߡ
ҵȷǡԳơժΧŲӵɴ¶ȫò
һ֮ˣ毺Ů
۾ޣ̲סʣδߣ
δߡڡߡĴڣָǻٷ֮ʮŶԭ࣬ûлˡ
˼ϡ٣󲿷˶ֻаٷ֮ʮҵԭ򣬲ڳʼֱ
ڷŮˣɫƤܿϸСƬ
Ϊӵ˱Ժ츳ӵرѪ࡯߼
˾̾ϡȻԪأָ߶ȷĵ˷
ΪʲôԳѾ˹ﳲѨĻĮ
ƺ˵ɻԳơ˵ͷ΢Цǰס
¶ı飬֮ǰǵľ񣿡
ڹݻٲҰռ֮ǰɳĮ顣
ûлشֻתͷɳĴ⡣
ɳһʱͣԲеļϷʱ䣬·ȴûвС
ڷŮսʿһֱ۽עǱߣóһƴľ򿪣һľƮ
˾ƣϽǵſеľ㣬θ
ǾƣҲҵҩЦóһƿȥ
˾ԼӦþܾģľƳ˲˵ɧţסˣ¶Ĭ΢Цȷǵҩ
˵šһڣǴĴŴʳϢҺ˶ʳƣ̫ˡ
ûʲôʦԺϣǺȱľơ˲Ϊ⣬ˬʴóձøǢˡ
ɳĮصĿŻɳŰСʱεɳسͱû˴룬ɳѾֹͣ
̫ͣ¶ͷˣɳ⣬ӲһƬ˾ʻɳسɳгջع̶õİ˸צӣɳسһ
ٻᡣż´ñ뿪ǵɳس
ɳĮϲˮ֣ˮγƵĻӰӰУɳͷƺһɫʯʽźɫӰڻӰȥ
˾ۣȷϣǸɫӰʧˣͬʱӰֵͬİɫҲʧˡ
ʲôָ֮ǰĵطԭһλϣȻƿɫơ
ɳĮеĹųǡ
һ̤类ķ棬ɫ񻯳ɰ̣УҲ޳Ĺųʯשһo
ִǻԣ״ֻƣŰɫ鲼ǶŲɫʯĽΣ٣Ǻ˸һ˫ɫӵӳĳء
ʥϣ޷̽ء
ųһʵĹ⣬ڵϱһֻ޴Ľɫޣʨӥצβ繳ϻһԽɫ
ˣˡ޷¡
šҲתйɫѿ
飬˯ǧ꣬뿪Ҳǧꡣ
Ϊسʱĵһ飬֪ҲϲԼȡָ֣ϡ϶вֽ֣ͬг¥
߹һҲӡ̵
¥ַѵİĦܹɽĺۼ˸ԵıѱƻǶһſűʯҲߡ
ҲȲҫˡ
ͨʱ⣬·𿴵ʱΰ
һʱΪͳľϷ񼣡ڲָͬʾ໥ɱ̲
,񡣡֣а˯ҲΪǷ
Ϊ˻
һеҲаˡ
ӲͣʱĲʼѡʴ·ʩ˼ħΰת˲仯һɳ
Ǹ߰ĲʣƺҲŻɳ裬ʧټ
ѾҪ߸ϵľ䣬ҲҪʲôʲô
Ϊ˽һУʨϵëػûˣҲ뿪
Ҳ֪ͷããգˣ׼ȥСƹݣҪҵвè𣿡
أ


2 
Ұǣǳ׹֮ء
һγϣҰǡ֮һٶ꣬ҰҲһֱǡƵֵ
ɱ¾࣬ʳֲ࣬ĳѨڷ塭
Ƕ˾޴в
Ϊʽ̤ҲΪԱ࿪ʼˡսʿƻڹƵֵĵط̵Ĳ˷¹ŵľ±ݡһôľ±ݡ
㼣鼰ȫפǵľ±ݾͳߵıӻ
۵ѵͣϽ̵ҽԺȻʩƶĻͶ·ˡǲڱϵӽͬʱͳķ֮Ұǡ
Ұǣոշսĵھ
ϵѪûбڳеıߣǽĸֽɫ⣬·һҡҷĻ䡣
еĵطƮһɸζŷֵľҴҶ˲ζǳЦЩŷֵˣ˾С֡
¥¥֮Ŵ۸ӵĸ˿һҰǾȦס²һ鲻ƽ׵壬͸ӭŷڲͬ¥֮们С
һĻɭץԽĺӣҰǵճǰɸ¥⣬һ߻һ߻ҪƵس͡
ҰǣҲ˵ĳзʽ
ҽͼը֮䣬µС꿪ҵˡ
ССͨĲʮƽ׵ӣܲ󣬵ҰǣǷǳĵˡ
ҪҪĲֻǮбĶݵλʵ
Ժܶ񶼺ʲô
ٻ̵ꣿܹ񰲵СĶرڻ̫ʣʱҶ޲ȥ򡣡
ȥ
ܳȥôˣǸСռôõıˡ
ʱΨһ䵽չĽֱߣһûһµ졣һһԴһֱһһϸ·гз
Գơ´ͨ˱ְҲɸ·Ϣ
ܿȻ࡮սʿƻʧƷ
սʿеսʿսʿǰѾ֤Ǵ·ߣмҲัãĿǰڴǽԶսǼʵġսʿ
ˣָͷɫЬŽŵǰ´Ѿ֧̯ԼۺģΪĳ־ļֹɫˣ㣬ܳԱ
ͨͶԱȫϢӰоƬ˳һ
ҰһرĳУǽ׼һ̡
ն;涴Խͽ׼ǼʱΪԤѡõķչڡ
ҪʽΪǼҪȫһֱΪŬ
Ұʱӡ
ûжˮƽĿƼһϸ͵ˣҲǱʱƵģѾٷչ硣
ΪµĽصϽ鼷ѹÿһ㶼洴⣬ǵһĹʱҲһյ
еĽûƵΥ潨ˣҲûݵˡȴ⣬ٲ˼
ҰҰǵġʵۡҰҲҰǵĹء
ҪôģɱҪƻԭͲ̫ι̵ĺӽɱ˼ǵʬƻҪ꼰㣬ܶԹʩֵȵȡ
ԭǣҪ˴ȥ鷳
ûз˲²ĵط
еģҰǵĵ³ǡϳͬǡֹ
³ǣϳǣмǵص׺в㡣
ص׳겻⣬˵ƤʧȥĲҵʱȥΪ߻Ÿζ
ڵвͺúܶ࣬һº͵ĹߣסԭҲǷطˡ
вָʮ㵽ʮ㣬úϽּܺͳʯ˿Ұǵĵ̺һЩСͼһ顣
ͨĽֻҪȥԵط¿˭ǰһԨ
вһСʱԼ⣬ݳ޵һЩôҪֲֺ
ǴģȻ߲Ľ֮Ϊϳǡĵط
ϳǺ͵³һǶģһڹűϵľͷһϻᷢѤĹ⣬ЩͶӰںڰҹﾫʣҲ޵롣
档ÿ궼ô죬ҰǻΪοһ
ЩºͰ´ͨ޹أⲻһĵ档
ؾУµ̿ˣ˵ԤϣȻһҾƹݡ
һ׺ֵġƹƹݡع˻жͻ˳ŵһһֵֹĴţľƵĴªŰ뿪һ۾ܿİ衣
´ȲЬ̽ͷȥһų7͹̨ƽƽĺɫûлҲûſƣ򵥵þǶгԻϸƷ
ڴİ´ƤӶ鴤㱼ĳ򵥵ϷƹݣĿұĶ̨ЩҪֶڸ߰ıӣֻ߻ṋ̃Ĺҵӡ
һڹּӣªװУΨһһǽϵľˮܶһ˵ĹעעҲͽǼƱĿͨװΡ
װθгҶªһˡ
̣װ޳ĵطȾƣһƿװƻؼҺȡ´ﲻмһˣƲѹɱ硣·̯˸ƯԴЧƳء
Ҷһ¾ҪŴ󼪡ͨӦ͵
Ȼ˿ŵһ죬ܶˡ
칫ź׵УҰǵھԶ⸽ľһӳѨˡ
¿ҵҾƹݵȻҲǵġӡ֮һ
СǶǽǿ̣ʲôʱ򱻺Ȳ˵ãƲ뿪
´ԸҪȥס
Ǹƴªװޣֻһյţ׵紵ûζȴ˿ơߴſһֱɨֱ̨̨վŵˡ
飬ԼٵߵĿҰһ³ǰ
Щ޵߾һ뻻ͣʲô¡
ѾƲס˫Լʶ߽ɫЬ־þȣŹ̨Ҳ䡯İա
ҲˣܲתͷߣǸûò´˶ʮ꣬һξòǺдġ
Ǿƹݣ
̨˲ͷ߶ϣ·һʶˣȴ˵İ
´ɻ󣬵ûʡ
ſڻ̽ͷһŻ˵СӸĿĶ䣬ָ仹а͸롣
˯ˡ߳췢Ůˣ־ȵĺӾ뿪
˼ǵһЩų⣬Ұǲ׽ܺĹصߡ
̫ҫۡ
ҰסҲ
ƹݣʲôƣһ߽ɷԴһ붼ɽģĿ࣬ÿһļⶼ̨̺ǰһͰѰ´ĳСС
곤ϤҲİġһֻܿǳЦ
ʦ´Ͻкʦԭʲôû֪רְֵû˸ˡ
㰡Сܡ
ǰ´´ɰͰ˵·һ߲С
ʦץץš䡯ֵĶףֵؿһۣƺɻôеӷ
ʲôƣôʦַڹ̨ϣܣʲôûУǽں͵ذ嶼ǻɫɫΨһװεľǰڹ̨ϵһûɳӵɳ©Լһƺ̽èڼ
ⶼò˶ٱǮ
̨ĵ곤ָˮƣơƣ3õ㣩ơƣ3õ㣩׾ƣ3õ㣩¾ƣ1õ㣩ӱ1õ㣩
ù
ǸԼ۸߰СơҲֻҪ1.2õһޣֻҪ0.8ȴҪ3õ㣿
´ֻƨɵµգ3õ˵߲ߣҲһ췹ǮҪô߳ȥ
һơơʦɴҿֵֵۡ
´ŵһ£۽⿴ʦĽֱֱֹۣܱߣҲܻǹһӣȻ˵곤üëûһ¡
ҡҪһơơ´˾ơ
̨иõı룬ɨ븶곤ӣšԲľͰˮͷˮĭŵľζɢڿС
㣬߼㾫ʦɫȶӣͷҲ˳ζչȥеһգգضơĭ
곤һۣۼơ峺ɫˮ͸ıʯгˢϸḻĭϸ΢ĭѵͺζٸյ


3 
տţֻ׼־ơ
ơƺͺơƶԴơƻΪԭƣûߡ
ƺơƵĴǳģԺơȻѬζͽ㣬ϲ˺ϲҪ񫡣
ơƵĿڸˬɽ紵ɽڣһվڿҰܴȻˬ׾ȴһ
׾ƵĶͣҾҺǻǵİ͸ףڸº͸𣬾ǲȾƵ˶ܽǡôľƾϡ
һơƣһơơ
顣ʯƱڹ̨ϣ޳ָڻɫıϣ֡Բ𡯵ݳ޸С
´ðܳͷ˫ֽӹӣлл
ţһڵİ´¶˾޵ı顣
ȹ˹ҵƵζӭӴĸɺأÿһϸ˻ϲļУͷƤ
̫̫úˣ
ҲаɣԱߵʦŤͻغıӣһ
һơơ
Ƶζʵ̫óоƳ淭һűӵ߽һһİ̺ۣ··رɣܹѵְҵˡ
곤ɨǳıӡ
´վǫ́ǰĺλá
һĽͷСǲģ˵ְҵˣӶ֪ΪʲôҰǡ
˸󣬵곤Ϻơƣζĭѿ硣
⡭ʳƣ
ЩɣⱭƵĿڸкȫһȻζ;Һ΢ĸˬ޷ġ
ȻƣѾźʦŤͷҲôΪһΪԼͷ⡣
ѹֺȫһζһ
ʳơ
´ûȹȻƣԭȻơ
Ȼֻ3õһ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ιһͰƣеľ㲻ƹ͡
һһĻеˣȫɫ׿ǰ쳣׶֣һǹ˵곤Ķͷϡ
곤۾΢΢һ㡣
顣
´ֹ˫Ҳŵ㡣ʱһһԭǳ˷¾Ʊڹ̨Ϸ졣
ԱߵʦѾסĻееصһϸ΢Ĺ⡣
㻹кܶɣóеһǹڣв¶һڼ
곤ȴǣ¶һЦ
˵һ룬е˶ס۾ϷкɫѪͷ䡣
˼ˡϸֳŵָе˼ӲĽԴɽϳƹݡ
еƴ߳һɫĵдֱ౻룬ѪҺɽ˽
Ѫ˼һ߽һߺˣˤڵϣԶɱȴ﷢Ϣ
ιϰǮ
ŷɫҶС̿ŮɱԲԲèۿͨѶֱֱȷǮˡ
ллݹˣ˴Ӵ
һнһһʬ壬ֶ⡣ʬڿзһþòزȥϷɽѪҺЦŤͷĵ곤곤Ȼ𣿡
̨ĵ곤̧ͷȻתͷھˮ˼֣ԭϴˮơƻԼԭŴסˮ
ǡд֮ش⣬Ǻ
ƿע⵽곤ȻǼܱŮҪһ㣬вԵĺᡣʱǵעȫǸǡߡ
Ȼƣ
3õܺȵȻƣ
ſڵĿ˶ʼ
ʮÿָʮŮɱ߽ˢõ㣬ϸָײ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˣָͷͷֵػš
곤׼ʮƣЩƼ˹̨֮ǰƢõʦûп
úȺúȡ
곤һͷèëһըֺܿ˳ﻹĺӣһͷһʮˮܿ˵ף˸á
ˡ
곤ЦˣǿھӼҵСŮóǷڹ̨ϣ㻹ûԷ
ɱŮԲԲèۿѾϢǡ
ˣǸһﶫߣһֱ˲ϳԷŮɱڱԹһ곤ҪҳԷҪɱˣҿۡ
롣
ŶŮɱץĲˡ
ҲһŮɱһߣſڿ˺ܾõ̲סǼѴľͷż֨ѽ졣
ŨѪζ
һơƣ
ҪһơƣҪʮ𣿡
쵰Ҫϰʮơƣ
˭ҵͷҪˣ
ٵһ֣Լ˾ûˡѾϾƵ˸Ǵܴ̼ٴ׷ӡ
ֳһȻҡ
ȸϾƣ£ӣȻȥ곤˫ֻأЩ˰
ʲôҰѱ̵ܽҰʶҪǶ˵곤۾һ˲ǾԼޱߺһҶСۣƽ޺ĴһͷƷ
곤͸ֲֿƽɲĸоΣԵĵз񷢳亹֪ʪ͸󱳡
ԡԲ곤Ⱥµ˻£ֱ
š곤ЦˣЦúºͣһ˳
۵Ұ˹Թ鲻ΣҲǼӣûˣһζûˡһʼû׾Ҳһա
ſڹ̨ϣᡣ
š໴Ͱ͡ľƹǣ곤̯̯֣־Ҹ׼һٷݡ
ͦģһԵ˼Ʋ˻ľƿҲ޿κΣ˼̻
곤ôƺ뱭ȥľƾѬǣƿ˲䡣
ȺЩųѾ˺ܶࡣ
ȻΪ滹ǱĿģܹǵʵݡ
ճ
곤ʳôˣԺҲôˣѾİ´
ʱۣųʵ¸
ССƹʱһƬ곤ϳһЦݣָֺܿ侲ӡ
̫ˡ˵һеڱ
ֵá곤˵ĸ֣ȴֲټ͡
´һֱõ곤ı֣һʼ񣬻ֱ飬д˹¡̲סʣ곤ǲǼң
곤ͷҼ㡣ܶˡ
´ץץƬţȴôҲ벻Լʲôʱɫ˲ʲôʱ򣿡
δ
δ´ˣûţΪ곤ںЦЦδô
ըһǻס곤ֻش
ǲ´ȫȷˣ곤ڿЦǺأ

곤Ǹ棬һѪ֮ϮǻֲըΪ⣬֮ʲôδ
޷ˣͶķɶꡣ
곤ƺ໰ֻóһƺͷȾơ


4 
곤ˣ
ˡ곤¾ƺ
Ķɣ
Сӣô鰡ʦɨһۣв´ڨڨ죬Ұǣʱ˵ҲǴɡ
곤Ϊʲô￪ꣿûжѵȻƵˡ´ﲻˣĿ˻Ǻ档
곤޳ָ£һϴǳЦ
ΪҰǵַȤѺá
İ˹ЦԶԣǷȤѺá
һʵĳ˶̲סЦһ֮Ǿϲƹݵĵ곤
ֺгĻУǼȾ죬ѵõԡ
ˡһֱʽֻʽʽͨѶƣҷľ
ĵ곤ûʶʲôһ̵ľ
þƹһ
һѾվĿĬĬȥ·Ϣ
һٿĹһ˳һüĵĽҲɢ
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ֹˡžƱİ̽һͷȥ˿ϣʳҪˡ
ҡͬʹغ˰뱭ƣһ㡣
곤ѾشϢԴƵ
һֱڶĻҾͷ⣬һʮ׻߸ĳβ棬žҰɫĽһ·ӵϲ㣬һһ߶еս
ĵطһƬڵĸʴۼ
ĿźܶʳƷӹĲƣٵĽȱﻹܿһɫԼ֪ʲôϸİɫĩ
ɫˣܿԱСż̵سͶӰ
ƯӰͶ䵽գͷдж·ʱս
ĹͶӰĻӪһҵ硣
Źɢеϸ˿ܣҪתƵ𴦣еϵͿյĽ豸
ûлҺͼУÿ˶ŬԾȣǵжȻ׿гЧ
ΧתķҲЩܺߣһһԸֻ
צӿץˮֽ¥Ļ滹ڻĴھս滷
곤ΪԼῴס
ξҰƵĻ׶飬ǵ֫嶼Ƕƴգսȴͻ֧ƾһܺɫ׵Ĵ²η֪ʹѪҲ˺ڰеһ⡣
΢ǻۼһɢĹΪ֮̾
ûг֣Զ˷ǳһճԾһڱƤ⻬ĻϾסҿʼ
ԽԽСĻ˱֩סá
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ҰǵӦĶƸЧ곤̲ס̾øǣٹγЧݡܵӦģʽ
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곤ͻȻǶΪʲôҰǡ
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һؼңһزȥҸĸѾˣǾȥҽԺȴŪЩȥҽԺҲǰ档
ˣ˱޵÷ֲֻһֻһϸĸźأӳţ̶ֻܳ嵭ˮ
ƾʧȥǣȾƵĿͷ۾ͨ졣
Щ²˼ֻ̫ʧȥ
ǺϺ˲࣬ԭܿܿеһûô֣ٻƽǻأδ֮ͻȻòп
˼㹻ݵģҪô¼ˣĹҪôҰҵĵطûѡء
Ϊ̫أҲᷢһЩı䣬Եʧأ׼鷸ڷʱصĴ
ԼԼԤ̣ԼҰǡ
ֻǣԼǷˣµļأ
Щսȥʱϸĸô죿µİô죿׻δĺô죿
ĥÿ춼ʹҲˣ׬ǮĻȥͷûˡ
ֻѡ곤Լһƣ֪ʲôƣζƮƮƮȻܶõĻ䡣
Ȳ˾ܻؼˡ
һûκӦ͵곤Ĳ²⣬ѾˣҲܻصᡣ
Ļٻ޷ֻ䵽Ļֱ޵Ķѭ
ûı𣿡곤ʡ
Ұ𣿲ܵģû˿ԸıҰǡǺ۾ЦǾӣĻⱭƣ֮ǡ


5 
곤ٴοϺˣȫԼıʹԽԽ˵Ҳ޷ȡ
״̬˺һĤû˿Ӣһǵľǡ
࣡ҵļˣ
ϺЩؽϺѾ첢תϣǻڼصļ󣺡š
ľƹУϺ˵ͬסϺǷ趯곤ӡ
곤۾ȴһգգôƽؿŷߵϺˡ
ƴ˴յĻһǺҴĵػ޷֧ľѹһٶȥûաǼ볡ȯȫ
ԱӣԸΪ֮ȥ𣿡곤ͻȻʡ
ߵϺѾܻش⣬˴ˡ
Ǹʯ˺͵곤˵ԲϺ뿪ƹݣƹóһ
ζ岻á
ȡᡣ
ȾƣֻǾƹ˺ܶࡣεı֮Ϻ˿ܻһѣܰæʬǡ
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곤ֻòһʣ˵ʱƹ˼ܼĹĵľţһưǧֱּ˻һѪѪҺ
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᲻ߣȻּªֹŹ֣곤Ҳ̫顣
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㲻ɣϳʡ
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ҪˣЩ˲ϣҰٳһȻƵģҵ껹ͨ˳۾ơͨ˺͹ôܺͬһ־ƣǵĸ߼۾Ҳۡ
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ͨ˸սֽӵҺð´һֱעţһֽסСĵ㡣
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´ҡҡĶһţǡͲҪ̫ˣ߰ɡ
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˵Ӱٴʧھƹǰ
пߣţú곤Ҳǳ¥ڹ̨ǿһɳ©ȴϡϡһɫǳꡣ
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ǽסգɫëҰһ㣬ɫָ׸Ǵųû޼Ĵֲںۼһɺ濾ĳζ


6 
һߣҰǼǧĵط
磬ƣս
߿ͣЭͬսսĿǰõͺţԶ̲ٶֿ죬ֺݣֻеߡ
ʵﱾЭͬսսһϵĹߣһԾһңѼӵһҡ
½սõս̨˿ҲһƬ
ǻȥúúôдŲᱻͷѪͷ
Ϊһ֧СӶӳľȴһҲЩʧֵµʿأһС
ӳҴҰ裬˵ѾսˡʿϵѪĿֱ㶵ضգƤһֹ̬ͳɰɫǻס
Ѿʿλ֮ζά֡
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˵ˣҪԼȥ˵սܿͻ㲻µġ
Ϊӳľǿ񣬿ԶҪԵĵˣһ޴Ρ
ЦΪЩĹԼʵ飬Ƶʧȥ̬ȴ˵Ρ
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ССľƹڹоǺӵߡѼˡ۾Դ̽ȥûɫķ۾档
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𣿡ƹĽʨҲɵˣһֱֿ׵ģ䷶ڹ̨ǰĳϣ°͵ֱĮؿŹﱻĥ
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ľĨȥѪķ֮ǰսѣѼ˷˺
ӳҺһȥ֪ҵһٶ͵ʿ˵
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˾ССĽȻŤһ£ǻŤգϵװλ
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СģվﱣҺ󷽣ҽȥľѹ
ǣ
ʵľҲԼӦ̺ˣһþսʿ쾰Ҳǲ֪롣
ǱԻ߽ˣҿ˰ɫһֱײĹš
ľо䣬΢΢Լ߽һ佨߽һռ䡣
ӭ١гֹŹֵЦЩȥĵӺҲͣһڵϣװԼֻͨΡ
ذ屾ǽݹѪҺһĺأɫпʧ
ǹ̨ǰĸ߽תƺ
һʵ̫ˣľҪתͷܣĽȴܿصһֱ߹ȥǰϡ
̨վһԣûһִֻ⡣
̲סҪ࿴ۣη˫·͸ĵǳɫ۾
ľԼôͻȻȷʵоη壬·ǰĲˣһɽûĴɽÿһϸڼУΣգܣ


7 
ǾƹݣľӿڵѪζ廹ǱܵΪ־Ƶۣһһ
ÿһսʿҪϰʹ
Ǿƹݡ̨˵ɤһˣǵ곤ȵʲô
ǹľʵСĴܡ
·һƹݣֻǸª˱ҪĶһûУˮƷҲٵÿ
Ƕ۸ǹ죬ƣ۸Ҳ̫ˡѲǸʵĹҵƾҵģ
ơơľóԼֱ״ĸ˹ԣһơơ
ԭΪȫԶܲû뵽ǵ곤ԶֵġľǺ죬ͻȻоܳ
ܿһϸĭĵɫơƳǰ
ļ̌ͷϵ곤۾˫ۻѾ͸Ҳ͸̽ʲôûϴƽЦľơ
лл
Һζĭһһը㡣
̲סһڣ˫͵صԲúȡ
Լ㣬иĿڸУζټܡЩһ˵ǰⱭۼ۽3õơʳģƷȻơ
ˬơƣôһ˲䣬ľԼսϣھһսԼҵĿúƽʱ⡣
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СƵУһŲͬɫζľƱ
Ϊ󲿷ʱӴŷȻʳģҶʳ쳣Уơƺ׾ƵҲͱ÷ǳˣʿ̲סƵƵ̽ͷ
ζҲ̫ˣʲôʱȺð
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оƺȾͲˣΪǲƴֵүߣЭͬսϵ׶ûС
İɣ졣
곤ǵ̸˼Ƭ̣תھˮƵλùľƣһдϡŴӻ棬3õ㡯һдšŴӺ棬9õ㡯
ʿɵɵؿŵ곤ĲȻ֪ʲôܿһʳǺżʱȥ
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Ȼ̬䵭ȴǶĻ¯ʿǱúƾ뿪ʱȴֵסʳջ
óԣ˲͵ѾȲµһףƸζ޴ϲ
ǻŴСһķ磬ɢ˷ͲҲƽʹᡣݵļ䣬·մѪζս뵽һȫů硣
ʲôս
ʿĨһŷѾա
˼в˭ˣǺˮˡȣǸϰ壬һ롣
ҡҲҪһľŴӡ̸һֻе֡
Ҫģ
ůľӶʳͿֵЦһ𴫵档
ǵǿﱻ紵ڶȴ볡ʿͣԼͬǲεͳĴԴʱ
ʵֻϱԹȴܸˣֱԼԵҪˡǻΣձԵĻΪľƺʳͣбõ
ֵܿˡǸľŴӡ
ܿ죬ʿˣͦŶ뿪ƹݡ
ľߵƹſڣ˽顣ЩªľƹУλǿĵ곤ȴԶԶغ֣֮ƹݾʱͻȻʧ
ʧˡ
ͻȻʧΣʿǶܹȥֻڿҵѼˡƻԴ򶼱ѹˣȻֻмѪ
Ҫôϱ
ʵŲţǾǵˡ
һ飬ɨս
սķ绹ţζľָӻڷɵûע⵽ԼĿڱǲѪʹҲ˺ܶࡣ
ɨȥϢ졣


8 
ԭˡ
ڲݴ󷭿ʷͼڸĸ˴ʵûгҪҵĵط
ֻһʼû뵽ԭʢʻˮסͰĿɽѱΪƽظĽΪս
ѹκ񶼲ϻӦҶƽˡ¥һΪѣ񻹻Ը𣿡
ô죿ݴдĽɫСʨվżݲͷʣ̬ͬССĳż
ӦҾǿ󡣡¥óƣǿŤĹʱҲͦġ
ˣƻ֮ǰһȾƣĻյͷⱲҲȾƣԡʨĵԴԼԴС¡
ҹҹˣһѾΡ
£
˵أ
¥ĬΣ۽ƳֻӡǽϵѼӣ˫ֺϻƺ뵽ƣ˭˵ֻȣҲȾƣѵԾζʳ
˵ơѼ𣿡
ʲôѼʨãȻմż֪ͣڼǧǰ
һѼӺơʳ
þϵʳﲻ٣ⲻֳɵʳô
¥Ѽӷ壺˵˵Ѽò
¡ѼŵһСһһɣ˸
¥
ơѼʳʨȻû˵
û˵Щ˯Ҳû˵Ͼǳ˯Ǹʱ򵥵Ĺ﷢͵ĻƶܳΪعƷʱ
۶ʳƵʶ˯Ѿǵܵܣӡ
ڳ¥ž⿵ģζͻצһҵơѼݷһλӡ
ŶֻްѼġ
ѼµסԼС
ؼһĨ棬һ߰˳߻Ĵ󺺡
ܹÿվϲŴӵѰҿʯ˵ʱ򻹰
飡飡飡н֮󣬳¥ŷξװˣ𣿡
ͷ˻Ӧ
飡飡飡𣿡
ɰ
飡飡飡ڡ
ţʲôζ
ڳ¥ƶɧ£ξˣһģϰϲʯͷ˳֡
ؿ˿ΧûĺۼŶݺݵصų¥˵ô
˵ô˵ȴƲסת
ǰҪϵؾܾɶľѣһıӾͱŨľ㸲ǡʵζʤξĻ
թɶļһջԣʳ
һ޴ر
¥ƿװʳոӡ
ѾʳǱһĽѼ⣬ȻʳôܱúζŰԵŨ㣿
оȻľƵ
۾һᣬ񿴵ڵҰѼǺͽɫˣպԭҰ
񼸺ҪͶԼӦᶨһ㡣
ﲻӭ㡣
ϧõơȥֻѼҲѡģڼʮѼӵƷѡʺϵģȻ۲ϲʲݵĽ׶Ρϧϧ
㲻ϲҿԴߡ¥ʼһνҪߡ
ԵȣðɺðɣôûҲô顣
˯ڱۡǵĳ˯ֻһʱͿռֶΡССռΪԼξǵĻþаݸָĽɫ
ΪԼξһߵɽɽпִ
ţ൱ʵ޻
¥ʳ߽ξһֲڼªɽ£̧ͷȥɽõĹߣи¯ӺͶ̨ϻʯҲ֪ʲô
ֻӰӾ߻С糡￴ĳ
Ȼ˯Ҳǽղĸı䡣ζţְΧڷһ
Ӧ֪ǼʱҵҲչһ̶ȣΪʲôҪԭʼ췽ʽ
Ϊģ
֪¥ڸʲôѾȡһѼ⡣
˺µһմŨ֭žѼ⿪ʼ֪ԼһγΪʳ°ܽ
Ѽһ˿һ˿Ũ֭ȼԲڵάŴĽž㣬
ʵȵʱŷľƲŨֻһ޵棬ܻӭġ
˺ζĴѼȣͷ๾޼ƯƯĴӱŪҲ⡣
ûܾܾͬʱ˶ʳƵʳ
⣬ƣԪؽϵöô˸оһ·ѼӦúơһơƺ֮ǰȹҲͬˬյķҷ
оԼͷҰѼдУԭҰϱܣҵϣ͸ˬ¶ˮҲҪƮȻ
ΪмơƻơƻơƸӵܳҺγɷḻĭơƸˬˡ
¥һ仰ѡɰ衯ĻĻʵ
㡭
ˣҷĵģûȾơ
ߡءݺݵ˺ҧѼ⡣
ΪԣҲơƣǮͲˡơƣд̿㣬ζرĺơƺһڵĹƣһƹݡ¥׳ջ
ô꣬һֱĥƣѹܻڶΪ񡣡
㲻֪ѧ˶Ƶķ˶رĲϡ¥۾貵ǹ⣬ÿԼصƷʽƲϣЩԼΪơ
˵䣬鸴ӣ㻹
ÿ鶼һȺ;̣ǵҪǷ·ԼԶʲô¥е࣬ǰǣڻǡ
Ϊࣿ
Ȼûв˵Ǹ֪˳¥ֵĿġΪôʧˣ׼Ϊκ顣
಻䡣
Ҳǵĵȶ֮ʱɽҰޣħ֣ҹ쳣Σա
ûл𣬶ɽҰ޵༫С
Ļ󰮵Ľٴأ̫Ļ֣Ȼǽ췿ݣʱֲֲԺͲɼ
һʼĸףСʱп
ʦƶȺͷϣҿʼ緱ʢ
Լ͵ˡ
ǵľѿ׷ݵǧǰһ񻶡
鲻ϽӶסļֵ뿪硭
޷ٽ񼣣ʧȥֵɳ
ҵĳɳԼҳǴìܣ̶̼ǵĹϵʹѺõӣ׶Ρ
㲻еǣ㽫пܣΪʲôǻҪ㣿
Ҫ뿪Լɳ
򼸱ʧȥΪõǱüò롮㡯ĳ˯ȫ
Ϊڲܽ¸ǵİ͸ñ𣿡
޷ѡֻܵ˱˺
һǹŴ˵ػʦȻĵ͵Ĵһݻ䱻棬Ƭӡ
˯ǰࣺսں޽Ƶ̰
¥ǳΨһȫ˵Ϊڿ֮ǰ͹رԼԼͽӹ˳˯뿪ĸǡ
޷ع鱾ԴˡŤתδ
ҪŬѾ˯塣
ǡԸΪ
Щʡ


9 
ʵҺܾΪࡣԼĳ¥˵ĸԭµĳޣӦ㡣
¥óһھơ
ƺøˡɻ
಻һûдͳϵġ塯Ǹĳֹеģ˸
ԻԸ֪¥״̬죬ƺһּĸһֱʴ塣
õġ¥Żȥ⼸ǧҹûԺҲһֱܺá
˵񲢲ǺţҲûмȥÿ鶼вԸ˵顣
Ҽǵ˼䴫ԻߵļɡûʯúõĽ
ĵӱ鲼磬¯ĻͶͣ¥˵ǰ¡
Ĩȥ֬۾ӳŻ⣬·뵽ʱ򣺡ˣǲϲߣܿЩ
岻һݣҪͨɱ͡ɱȷԼʳеĵλҲҪȷԼĵλǷսǳɳؾ֮·죬Ҳǽ졣
ȷʵ쵰ٻ쵰Ҳġ쵰δžʹʧܡ
¥޷ǣһ졣
ǽΧ򣬵˸߸ϣͳΣԭסҪôҪôΪū
ǹԱ¾Ĵ󺣣սʿѳƽǧճĬŶյǻе۶
ֻǽ߾ȫһƮɢ棬л
Щӣ޷Ųûһ¹򡣡
˿һλ飬йҴĺһ
ɫһֻһεĻѪ
̰ȴڱ˵̰
ʹٳԵڶΡ
չģɰҲɺ޵ˡ
ξ޴ݲǣԶǵĳ¥أҪһУϧۡ
ԼĺӣÿӶΪĸĸƷ㿴뿪֮ûɣ
ȵؿ¥ȴпɣ֪ݣȷʵЩССĺΧõʦӡ
ֻǻԽʵԽпᡣ
׷ʦڻǾǴ
ҪʲôЩӡ
Ҫû㡯
¥ַڻļϣϲڵûһ棿ͲһĿǰ߳ɾͣǼʷɴ;ͻ
Ӧģۿ鵽ģǲһ¡
һΣΪԹȥɡ
롣
˼ξһлǰֹͣ
ͣˣֹס¯ֹͣȼգ汣Ծ״ЩɽµҲ˵Ц̶̬
žֻг¥һ˿ľͷ
ξʵվһ
ˡƴĽʨӡ
ʲô£
ƹǱƺˡ
ͷڻ˼ʱ˳ξ硣
顣սƹݣٵĴŰͳ˳¥
ľƹݴļ϶Ұ¿ľƹݣҲǱ¥ŵеľƹݣҰǡ
ڲǾƹݿŵʱ䣬𣿡
֨ѽһſˣһƬֻԼһƬ¹ڹɭĽϡ
ڵĹøۣŵ̲סֱڵס⣬̵ģѲ߶ӽӵٱй¡
ٱ𣿡
ֱʱ˿˵곤㶣ﻹţ㡭
ʲôأűŹҲµˣһʱ˵
һѰҰǵҹϳѤʵƺͶӰҹĻŶľʣҰǵеͲɾĵġ
ǳߵѾȺߵֻǷСĴϺ˯
ֻټˣʲôϵأ
¹£һ߸ߵ͵͵ĳŲͬĸ¥еһˣ˳ľ񣬾Ȼ˿ɫĺѲ߶ӡ
Ǿƹݵķ򣬷ʲôˣ
ȥ´ﴩ·
ͨԥһ£ãȥ
ƹݵѾˣ곤վ
˺ܶ࣬һֻܿ
ҰǴûгֹˣɫͷɫȱɫƵĵ۽ëǺǳɫһС˼¹⣬Բͻʧġ
Ѳ߶ʲô£¥ſһȺˣͳһɫɫװƷˣΪ׵һߴʵˣͷͻ¯һŨޡ
췢˿ôʡ
ˣҵϰ塣һֻ֫ԽѲ߶ָų¥Ȼơ
ԭվһ뻯ˣľƿ֮һһ˵߱ˮ
¥üëƺʲô
֪Լ޷ƿȻƱΪĽֻǵһ̽
˵ƺͶҰ淽ʽС
ٱʲôƷ
¥ЦЦؿЩˣǰļһͻȻˣץץĺ췢Ѳ߶ӽӵٱʡ
һͷ뻯ǵõʥּ㿴¥мۣûеõɾȻơ
һ˾ͱ췢˵ס졣
췢ת¥һ
ҵģ
ҵġ
Ȼƣ
ֻȻƣͯۡ
¥Ļ˵꣬ˣѾˣȻơ
ڼըſˣϰ׳̲ס廰ѵﶫļ۸һģЩ۸˺üĶ㲻ȥٱȴﶢż۸͵ġ
ҼȻܾٱɹ˵ǴģȻǴģƾʲôָңָԴͷӲ
ιСӣϸ߲Ե𣿡Χ۵ļƿͽΧΪ׵ľǸеĺʦļ𣬻еֱϸ΢Ĺ⡣
ֻչ¡
˶㵽Ѳ߶棬ηؿƽò곤ôӦԡ
û뵽ò곤ֱӴ򿪸˺ţԭˣҪʸ֤ȻƵʸҪǮ۵İɣ
곤˹Ѳ߶ӺͿͣ˵Ĵ붼̲סʲôôܣ
ҰѹûԸߵͼгĹأȻƷɡǳǳһ֤Ҫһв׼ҵ򵽡ҲȻƼ۸ԭ֮һ
ֻҪ곤ɣЩľٱǲġ
Ұĵطһάȶ
¥ǲ֪ﵽײŶжϴѲ߶һıǮ鷳ʵö֡
Ѳ߶һͷȻƷɺ֣ЩȷҪ򣿡
ͰĹذ죬һǶġ
򡣡췢˹¹졣
֤Ĺ̡
¥˿ֱ֪·ȻƵ֤ͷβɫƽҫšǮĶǴ¡Ĳâ
б£
ûС
¥ͷ¾͵Ϊֹ˰ɣб£ѡпյʱ򡣡˵һͽŹϡΪ׵ĺ췢ʶҪǰȴ֮ǰΧǵľƿס
֤ˣǻҪʲô
ǿԼɧֻǻȥ·ҪСһ㡣
͵˵ʲô־һĻʵ˿ЦãȻѾ֤ƹݾǺϷģҲʲô
Ѳ߶ӵ̫Χһ⡣
ЩɫƵˣƳǲ
ߡ


10 
ѲСӾˣûдǸ뻯ľٱߡȻԷѾ֤ôͽˣ֮ʲôҲûйϵ
СƹݵĵһΣôϡͿؿʼϡͿؽ
⸽ֲЬ̻ȥСƹݵϰʵʵǸص
㿴ûУô֤˵ˣһӶûôǮͷβİ´鸴ӡ
ҪǼˡͨҲ̾
ſڵľƹҲڰ̾ȾƣԲԷܲȾơ
ޣֻܺһЩҵơ˺˰뱲ӵľƣȴھƹƷƵζ
ǰ֪ȻʲôζҲˣڳˣһϷȥڻζҪصȲȻƵô
ȻƱ͹󣬴ʮºһν
ֻˡ
һˣƿнֽģвԸܵġ
ƹΪʲôҪΪʲôҪҺȵ۵Ѿ뵽ĽΪԹ𿪾ƹݵϰ塣
˵ΪʲôȻôǮﶼãҰʲôõģ
´ͨѾصסſڣǲŵ곤ΪȤѺõҰǾ񡯶
ҰʲôĵطܳȥͲٻĵط
˭֪Щ˼ô壿ֻҪԸ۵ȻƣǲʲôĿĵġ
ģԹޣڴɻÿ˶Լ˼ʹ㡣ȫľƹݿ
ֻǸٱ˱ϣһ֨ҽУһڷеȥһĵһ㣬ͽеøˡ
ڼžİĿռصõص׵ľ߳
¹䲻صףص˺ϲ¹⣬ͷʱܿССգֲۡ
ɽڸʲô
иһﱻˡ
Ŷϻ᲻ʲôĲ˵ֻĲкֵõ㡣
ӵص׵ĽǶϿɵձ任Ųɫƣ̤Ÿ˷ż˶ЩʽķҲװ˵Ϳҹϣзȥзө档
һҵƻҰ塪һŵӶѻĽǵ˾ǵлζ
ЩѾû̬Ļͷ
ȫ̬޷ҵʵĹÿֻ˳Цȥ͡һЩθûӪʳ⻹õ㡣
Щ˴ж㡣
ֻ壬ǡ
ɽˡǶ£ܹ֣ܻļһĳƺ
ɽ˰Ұв͸߲ˣһ֣˵ңɼ
ԼȻѾԼĵѨôҲġ桯
滹зֽôǻ棬ΪǶô˶塣
ʲôʱ
ڴؿңɼ¹в㣬﷢Աϵ˻һҪȰ··ˤҲܻ㶫
ҶϵĶȤֻ뿴׹ڰ﷢ŤЦǰֵģ
¥صξʱھᡣ
ǧǰµ˿̫ôȥҲûȫϡ
ҲȥһԸ㣬ΪҵѡԳ¥˵
¥˵Ҫ⡣
¯ﲻϨĻһ£һ˿̵ԤСһֲĸоʯ׹ɽϵʱǸʯɱ͸ǰս
ҿ˵𣿡ĻŻš
ܡ
ðɡֻ̾һҪʲô
¥ճȭ֣ſһ۵Ĺзֻ¯ڣŤģξ綼ʼڻڡ
ϣϣУѾʶʲôһȼյ
¥һϣ˵ȶȴŤεξع鼸ǰģ
žͺǻΪȼϣΪһĨξΪ֮һ
ӣҾ֪ҿ϶¡׼ʲôͷһֵԲεĻеһô󣬵ûֻļµıеϢ
ΪûԴе˿ֹ̾һתǻǺεÿһÿһװãǶڹ͡
񿴵۷ֱκʦֿܵջŮҪˡ
˭ģҪ/
źѾʱ䳤УƷ
ϧź̾Ϣ
ÿϧɱġ


Զ֮󣬳¥ͷž޴ĻеǷԺΪȼϵķ
ж£
ʲôã
¥߻񣺡Ҳܸ㣬ҺҪ
ˣ룬Ӧ£Ҳ֪Ҫʲôһ˳еЩһ֧㡣
¥û˵лҪ죿Ҵ㣬Ǳ꣬Υԡ
ȻҲתƵֱž޴󷢶ĳ񣺡ʮ죬ʮ졣ҵĸĲľͺȪٶȻ졣֪ҵξʱ䡣
ã㡣
뿪ξ¥žƹݳСǳۼ˾ǱȥıʯâԴת
ְĸǰ󶨣¥ȴġԴǺӣǳҫĵطߵء
뿪ĸǣȥطˡ
˿УĬؿǺתû֪ʲô
ƺ¡ʨС
ڿǺĸǣǲǺ¥ԹԵ˵
ʮǰʱΣͻȻһ죬Σδġˡ
ʱֻȽ⣬˳µҵԴͷ

¥ҪͻȻһǿųˮųΪ½ࡣ
кܶ˵ضһйٵǿž޴·ϵ۾ε
ǲĳ򣬶ĳͼֹĶ֮߳Ϊʶʶ
ֻƴһ赲ڰıĸǵֻһֵģиС¶ǻһӵϰʳɾ
ԼЩǿǰ衣
¥Ϊۻٵһأ
Щʳ߶ϵϢȥǲһĹڼ¼С
ΪԼĨȥĳָ֣ߵҲΪԼĨĳδв
󵰸Դޡ
¥һվĶǰ·ޱ޼ʴ󺣵ࡣ
ʱ亹ѽ粽ͬʱٵĻ˼ǧԤ棬ѩնΪսݲ
ǺաغͺһǣǡϣĻ롮顣ǺڰΨһĹ⡣
ʱվǸ⣬˳صѹϣͻȥǰڣҲһʧɳĮˡ
۾ǰѪһĺ죬˫ֽճȭͻȻŽʹ࣬б˺;
ھ꣬ʹƬΡ
ˣ
ʱеδ
һķչƼԸУĸǹ꣬ڻ
һգߵϣΪûԱ֮Ϊϡ
ѡΪĻͲʱʧܡ

ָ߲ʵߣһгһǧµͼÿһͼһֿԣÿһԶǧٿ׵ĴݲеԽ
ǰã˲ãֻһ
δ𣬵δʱϸɳţĿԱǹС
աָͣסˣ̧ͷ͵ؿա
ӰӳУʱΪꡣǳ棬ߺǧǰԼʱڷ£Ӻһλѧ߶ġ
λź룺Ȼǵ֮ض
˵գ֮ϣת
л㲦ڷµԼ΢΢һЦһ˦佫ʱո
ڿʲô
ʨӻ¥գһ۾Ϲڿĸǵδ
δʲôģ
һƬꡣ


11 
ŵ㣬СƹݵſѾΧ˺ܶˣ˭Ҳҿš
ſֻиӲߵɱŮţĴľϣ¼Ѫӡӡ
ľſˣɱŮ۾趼ֵط곤Щܻ𣿡
곤ߴתһѰ滯ϡ
ȫˡ
ɱŮεػ죬Լǵèȱ̻ġ¡Ƕıܣ߽Сԡ

ɱŮӹİӣƲһĳԱϣùֱӱߣһǽϣѪҺɽ
๾ࡣɱŮĶӽл
곤ɲľ˵һ䣺ȻܻһСԡ
ɱŮ۾ͷתͷһһŰʣ¼ļһﶼ߳ȥڿ塣
곤ԵˣΪʲôҪɱǣȺﴫһСС
ȻѾˣǾ͵ǻɱҡɱŮȻûСֻų¸źġŽ⡯
곤ˣ¶ԭˡı顣
ɱṲ̊ƹݣȴѾõľƿӿǲȥ̨߽һҫĵ곤һʱ䶼ˮ
ǵССı仯ȴǾˮ۸ı仯
־Ƶ־ζСʳлͺľŴӣСݵơѼ۸ֱ3õ㡢9õ12õ㡣
ˮļ۸ûбѽ˾ϲ
곤Ǻ˰˼ᡣ
ʲô˷˸ı䡣
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Ҳ֪곤ôģҲϸʣֻѵõ⡪ļ۸ǺȾƣȴֻҪǸӦел⣬ѵ
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ǰŮɱ־Ͳһᣬȷûжҩҩųһζ֮ǶֱӺȣһڸɡ
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һݺ棬ʮݣ
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곤üͷ飬ʼԼѾζʳȥǲȷֻϲԣϲԼ⿵ʳٺóҲ붯һڡ
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һرİֻпʳϸͻЩģѼ⡣ôûǹɿѼɧζ
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ʳܹʳСµľܱ⣬֮ǰЩС۵Ҳ벻ó12õʱֻۣԼĴָҿ۹⡣
Ǹ˺üݾӵˣǸź˲Զˬ졣
곤Ȥ𣿡
ȾƳԵʱ漷һϰסˡ̨ǰҪҪǵġƹЭᡯ
ЭֻЩŷǷǻۺױȵĹͨɵľӢΪҪ˲š
˲ƣ
ûЭһӢȺ壬ʶΪĿĵĿŶӡЭһֱϣͬԿаƻĿĽٵġҪ㣬һΰ롣
ſ¥֪ԼǲдˡɵǮ࡯ĸ֡
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ƭǮˡ
ſڳһЩϤǱߵĿ˶߶㿪¥ʮźɫƷˣΪ׵Ǹ췢ˡ
ʲôĿվҴ̳ӵɱŮǼèһԴ趼ըˡ
ƹݵȻΪ˺Ⱦơ
һ˼һֱߵ̨ǰ췢˿ŵ곤ּˣõ곤
곤Цһָˮƣˡ
Ѿ⣬һβʣ


12 
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ŵŻ͡
Ѽ⣿͵ûкȵƣԵơѼ⣬ơƵζϳǵĹߣͬʱҲȻ̵ĶŻ̽
ϴ󣿡Ѳ߶ӵĶԱһСӳ͡ĴڵϼֱﶼԾ
ġ
¥ûƷǣΪͻȻֵĶȺˣǸҲ׼˵Эᡣ
곤ҲƭǮ𣿡
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ΪҪ˵ϡ뷨ҿ档κβҪ۵ĺôиѵĶ
ңô϶İֲһѲĹ
޷϶ֻЩĵ˵Ҫ㣬Լǲġ
˵ĶԣǰǶ塣¥شɻ󣬡ûĺƽһɢɳʲôһɢˡ
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ȴӵдõ㣬ƭ͵Եֻ಻١
ҪӶ𣿡ʣŻݵļ۸񣬳Ч
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곤ƺȾƣֻǿĵڶ죬ȴƺѾ˺ܶ£˺ܶˡ޺ǸҪãһ££
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͵³ˣЩҲܿ꣬·ųɶ顣
컹ѲߵĹ
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ŴӵɱŮһ̬̫ˣ곤ɻ󣺡Ǳͨ𣿡
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곤û˰顣ԭҰǻҪ˰ǲҲҸˣ
ˣɱŮ²ʣһС룬һԴˡ
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ǵģۿ̽١ֿϣ֪Ϊʲô棿
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13 
Ұǰӿ¥ȴѾһ̤ϻѾѵó̡
ҪĲֻ𣬸Ҫ򣬳׶ϾѲһ˵飬£ǹϵеȻҲ塣
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ˣ˵Ҫȥ˭
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ʨǰһƬ󺣣ҲʼĬ
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ͼѴԭƵһ֪ĴųϣóĿƼ豸ʼλӦôˡ
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ӡʿĨȥϵĺ
͸ı黬У峺ľˮڱεݸۼɰĭһſըѣζܼ߷


14 
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ˬĿڸУµʹȪˮƵȻơ
Ըԣĺ׳ǵʿҲûݳ޵ȻƣοƷôߣȥʱϤʹƺɢһЩ
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ƹݲ󣬼ѾʿܼοͲ֮࣬ˮƮš
ƢѾȴһ뱻ʿ׼տװԡ
곤ע⵽һĻûͣ
˼οǵʣµľˮ͵ģ󲿷ֻǮҪȡ
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곤һ仰ѿԶ˭û·˵ˣЩƾ˱˵֣ĸҲ䲻Ա˳ŵĲⱾ⡣
ǣأ۸˵
֮ǰһѷϻֻΪһɣϲԼʵͼһ߰Ķ档

ΣգҲĸкܶ⣬͵͵ֳΣճ̶ȲߵĹ
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ʵϣҸԸύѡӵ㿪ԼֱһرġǼЭ֤
ѡָΪ¥пԽύļֵ
һˣʲôƷҶҪļ۸ͬʱҲΪҪġֻҪһ㣬΢ѡ
ܵӵǼʻɵǼˣ˲򵥡ĳ֯ĳԱʹҡ
κƷ¥ϳ
κƷ
ͻȻͷͺԭǾԮˣοˮƵĳȸˮеһץȡѵĳ˿͡
ƹĳ˿һ߳ȥԮӽߣܿƹݾ˴ˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ곤Ͽˡ
ƹĿǻ˾ƣھΪԭţ¥ȴͷӦǣҺӹʣֵ顣
ϰ壬㿼ǡ
ӻû˵꣬ͻȻһһգۣѾ˺ϣһֱӵˮˡ
ĻеһˮĸӦƤЩװʻе֫ļһһҪˮ
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һǸصĵ곤
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Լսʿƻ
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ຣ׳ǵĸξ硣
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㡣
ԻҡԼΪĺӣʵڲܵΪʲôϲʾˣӺţҲŮϲ
Ŷ˴ܻܵЩֵֹļ֣絥塣
ôòȾƳտ˳졣¥˵˵žͿ˾̳ϵĺ⣬˷յĻƹĻƹζƮ
ĵӰĴҹ㣬ܻӭģ˵ĻԷˡ
ףסˣǣ
֪㲻ϲζŨľƣƷƵľˮ۰㴾𡣡ȡȡһСף׵ճҺɫУ˵Ƴζ
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Ѱ˺ܶط취رΪƵġ㲻𣿡
ɫյˮζԵĹҲŻζƮ۾ֱˡ


15 
һյƣյƣƣľĺտ޷ֵ֪࣬ҲһʼĽ䱸
ξãȴָűĤĲʵУʵʵԵĶܴ㡣
أ˵кܶһ˯𣿡
͵¥ͬǿĳǱ󶼸һлģ˽ģ飬а񣬻вٹεġ
Щεᣬ񻰰Ǽʹ
ǵ̫ˣŻ˯ɡ̫СЩ˵Ѿع鷨򡣡¥˵Щ
಻̫һһϵĲ˼ᣬںࡢˮһУҲûС
㶼𣿡
ΪʲôҪǣǣҡ
˸޴⡣ҲͬһԼĺԳ˵ԼҪ
˵֪ܲͺ뿪֮ĺǶˡã¥ʱ̾һ
ʲô˼ûʲô˼
ĶںŰռ̣ҰǱصĺֶȥˡʱ˳һ㿴ֺ֡
ⳤһ㷭ȥüëɵ֣أǰǸߣȴܺúסϼң˵𣿡
ɵ˰ɣһƣڱˣҿҪ˶ãֵϼˡ
ǹֵ˵һ顣
˳¥ĻƶȲȥȻΣü仹
ĵʶǿΪܳҪ˵Ķ̣ˣ϶һ̲ס
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һ룬Ȫܱ󣬵ûãͷУɡ
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û֪ڴҰǡ
ϴӰ񿴣ƹͻȻںϵġ
ô֣Щ˸ôռġȻڵļѾ;ͣҪϸߣҲ࣬ʱţƹһݡ
˵ǴӸߵȼŪ豸Եõͺˡ۲òУЩǵļ̫ˡ
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аɣһ͵ص׵Ĺ˵ġϸǮĴ˭Ҳܾܾ
һϣҰоס߶յһԴϢ𣬻ǺӼװ̾˽С
⻷Ǻӣ˭ô벻
ʲôС㷣𣿡ƹ˶Цֻе곤ûЦ
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곤Ҫ㣿ҪҪȥЩ
곤һɡ
곤ؿһۣҵ˼ǣǺģ׼㡣
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ģ
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16 
㡣곤ƽظһ˵һƳĻƹƣǺô󣬻ѭĴװãͦϧֵˮݣ㲻ͦ𣿡
ǲˣűڨЦ
ǲ֪ôߵ곤пࣺȻϻ֮һĻ
ĵ곤ǮʧصĿֹ곤óרƺȾơ
ںô룬һҪֻǸտʼǳҪӦķ
ܴôģǾɵǮ࣬ǹִв⻷Ǻ»ôʼˡ
ˮ곤վںӵߣƽƮĹŹζ
ȺɽҪʲôܵĵصηɷѲ߶Ӳҿų⣬Ե곤ҲͻȻвˡ
Ұǵصףܻ谵ʵǰ죬̧ͷܿ¥Ϸ⡣
Ұǵĵ˵ĵһӡǳʪǽϵֳµĺۼƮùϵĳͬʱкܶСӣﴫεĺһƬſʱܾʲôΣնܳ
ڻǺÿκӵ϶վˣĹˣҪǱˮдͨ¹ܵķŷˮˮˣˮʲأʺ㡣
Ǯӵߵĵƽ춼ˣ߿ֵϣӰΣͬɭ޵
˹ˣﻹкֵܶˣ󲿷ڵص׵ľǶе֣ĳ̶ȺأСϺҪء
˵ص׵ҰˣϲвҰҲѶ˴ڵؼںӵߣ֪иԩͷ˻Ǻӡ
բ֮ĺˮ˳ǧܵµˮˮǳĺӶΣĺӵˮ棬ء
ۿֱӿĹͷôô˵ģЩԭͻе֫塣
¥Ҳˣֻ˵Ұǣ鴫
ӵ׵˶ԩǰ
ѹôԼʬǾôģͲᶪһ㹫ĶûУ

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ʮߵƺˡ곤رĴţǲǿˣôѾһרĴš
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˭ңɱŮſڣϲű˿ѪЦеܹ곤µ𣿸ۡ
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ӴͻȻĺԼĻһţײϡ
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ȴɷףסؿڣʲôԲҵ£
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ԭԼʮ꣬öɫҲˣ˴´µ¿Ьⶼ֡
˸ˣԼģʲôңҳܵס
ǲǵ˾֢


17 
Լģˮˣ˳úɫԴͽŶ⣬мԲԲ˰֣ǳĹһõֳλ
Լһ󷽣ķ˶ˣһҪҽ
װġܿǼҾҪǮˡԼĵؽĳ⻷Ǻӷˮ˵һ顣
˵Щأв϶Ҷ˵Щɣ鲻ôֹۡ
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ԼǰԼ˵֣һֱֻһװģһ֧ɡ
ڶ죬ԼĻ·Ұǵѡ
곤ôżԼĶ·ˣһ㲻żøĵ곤Ϻ˼ֱƤǶ˺ɫ
һλ͵ʯҲ˾ƹݵĳ͡Ϻ˵˵ԽҪԽҪʱ֡
ںӵĴ󲿷ֵضѾˣĺӵҪɱɹ
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һΧ۵ĵص˾˾ĳƴŲֵ壬ŬתơôãҲͷι̡

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ǰʱ꣬ЩѾЩˣڲʱ䵽꼾ǻỵġ
ˣҰֻǸһ㣬ԴҶµϰˣֻǱԹά޷üǵķϡ
ҰǵķⲻߣΪǹʵͣٵ͵ķⶼԵøˡ
û취Ұ


18 
߳¥·˽ǸҰǵģߵû׼ȷ֪
ÿ궼еģⶼʲô
Ѻã쫷ҲʲôҰ˵Ӧļĸ¡
˵һ¶ȼﵽʮ϶ȣرǸߴ߰ʮȣһЩܽƷֱڻƷȼҲ
¹󷿶ǶһҼҼ飬ͳһˮĸʬ˳·䡣
Եÿȵʮ죬ҰǵˮöǣܵΣյĵ³ȥôȸ߲㡣
ڲֳвеĳΧķֺ;ֲϵͳЩǮҰûʲôϵ
Ӱ¥
֪̬ƻˣǲ֪Ѿصز
ζðѳ˯ľٳˣĲУȻǱְһȶĴ󷽶Ҫ
˿Ұǵ̳Ҳ˵¡
㿸꼾ȵȵʱ򣬵곤ҪҲᱻɣ곤᲻۵ÿޡ
¥ϱ죬۾Ϲǵ곤һȦҵ곤Զ겻
ͣô칷Ǿˣ
˵߶߶ʲôôô˵ַ档
û˿õ곤ҵ˵˥϶ű뷨Ϊǵ곤Щʵ˿Ҳ˵һ仵
Ұǵû˺һƬ֮أҥֻ̰޺ģһЩ̬ϲԶ̲ٿرˣʲôֶաÿ걻ô˶в١
Щ곤ûϣһڶڶķ˿곤ôǿƱƻУ˭ҵǣ
⣬˲ŶãȻôˣҲûʮ㲢ǮƵ˽Ұǵ˲ˣЩ˶뿪
ǵͽǮԻЩļһ޷ֱ֢Ұˡ
곤Ǹֵ⣬Ա˵̬˵飬ʱװͰ͵ģҳ˱Ҫʱ򼸺֣ԸٹŹֵ˶
Ҳ֣ôǮȴᡣ
ʵһǺڴӱµӵģ޷Ҳûϵ
ҲűȾˮ౻֪ΪʲôҲ
ȥˣʧصи߲Ľ
ϳǷܶеѣԲĴĻеϻɫĹ⣬˻еľС
ЩеѻԽһβԣжЩǷҪͼǿһϳǵĹ߾ͻǳ¥棬ͬ߳ʦΪܡ
ǵĽű߶ŲٴĶǸ˿ܡʦҪЩѵĸ˿ܣÿ궼Ҫ
㶪ʲôǸ߿׹ִԵĽƷԵײ˵һв
ײƺѾϰˣЩ˵ذЩĶΪԻȡõ㡣
ʦ¥ͻȻҰϰ𣿡
ʦЩ֣Ϊʲôôʡ
ѧ˼ʮ׵ļ˷𣿡
㣬ʦͫСô֪ǣ
ΪҰûܰɡ
¥̧ͷгЩһĸ˿ͨѹѹĻеѡ
˵ֻҰмСһطһûȥĵطĵطҲһ
شҰǵڲͼ
ԭǾ·õģ޽ԲΣҪЩǺ󽨵ģԭеĲ֣Եͼʮֻң˼ɵһЩ·֩һ
ɫɫĽȺָʮСӣÿһӶһԶյӱ˺ɫ档
ǵھĵش
ҪȥҪرͨЩطҪˡ
ԭҰô󡣡
Աߵʦ֮ǰ¥˵Ļڸ߲ﲻܣ곤֪֡
Ļ䵽ҰǣҲмˡ
֪¥ŵͼΪڵЩȹԣϾЩķӿžʱҪӡ
곤õģõģҪٵ̫סλãвɿص鷳确Ҳƻ˶١
֣
ţ˻档Ҫ˵ӰȽϴģȴǰǰǴΡŶʮߣϵͷ߽а׶࣬ᷢڣϸǵƤڶ򲻴³ǵͨ򿪣ܴͻײŴ
¥֪£ϸڣô£
ǸͻȻֵģһʼֻע⵽ѷĵطǿҵĹ⡣˵겻ѣʶԣǸѾˣôǼƬβֱӴü
֮ſ죬һһƬĽ¡
¥ָҰǱԵɫ档
һƬ棬˻ᵽѪζΪؽ̫ߣû˶Щʬ嶼棬֪ǲǸøɾˡ
ŵʱ״ʦ³һ
һҰǧˡ
ӵһγֹﵽڣЩԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽѶԸ˵һ죬Ҳֵסʧء
¥ȥѾݻٵ
ﻹŵʱƻģĿǸչĽڣǼʹɫĸʴѪҺ¥·滵ⶪʬ帯õĳζһЩʰ߻ڷѰõĶ
ҰǧٿССӰһ¾ãһ
ҰʿĹעУӵϲϸ֮ܵй˷ֵĻ
ԭûǺˮĻ
ڻǺӸߵĺӶΣ곤֪ĶһȻʯͷﲼóǳ̲
ԺǽȻ˵ġ˳ء
ЩڿһӶλһȸ߸ߵġš
ʮ׸ߵļ׶ӺһӵĹŹԲζɵģȶںϵĴá
ⶫʲôõģ
֪Ѳһǧ
ǧιȥ
ϵ۷׷ףȴûһ֪ⶫʲôõġ
ʱ򻷳Ǻڵʲô
ԡ
곤űƼ˵ǰڳƵƳŮˣбеļȻûͷ
¥һοֱ췽ĻûͷֻһزӣɿɰûԴľ㤰汾ܺƽʱôᵽģôԶġ
곤뿴ôԶġ˵֪Ǵ﷢ǺϳɵĻе
Ǹ¥ֱӵǸȷʵð
Ȼ˵Ц̫òˣֱҰǵˡҰǵ˲ŲΪԶ׼ʵǸȻҲ֣˶Уֻûͷѡ
֪Ŀʲô
¥߽ƹݺ̨ӹ̨С߽ȥһĳһ̨͸ߣһǱʹʲôʳĶС
Ů˿첽ߵʹ񣬲ҰĶһһó
¥һֻ۾ԭ
ʹȫʮʵʳģ߹۵þողժµġ
Щõʳġ̾ţûһʦܾܾʳġҰ꣬һθܵȻʳĵķҷ
֮ע⵽ڽװõľѼѼ󣺡ǹʲô
Ѽ¥˵ܳԵġ
룬ߡȡһ£¼鿴ʳģڱ﷢һضѿˮͰϸĻŤ㴥ǡ
Ȼ𾴣ִǰɣ
ĲһҪÿõҪʳĶһҪлв¥ʱ䣬һСʱ𣿡
ܣߴѵһţƾͱˡ


19 
¥ûʳģжáûѡ򵥲ʳĺͲ˵ʳıʹǰϸѡ
ѡһֻ۵ĸͼ־ȻǷһ¨֮ѡһصĻͷ㡢ɽײ˺Ͷ
ȻʳϡȱĽ죬ܶʳһЩ˼û֪ôԣѡɼѧӴ
¥Ŀڴ
ʵ֤پ㤵ͷ󶼲ڸһ˵
һ⿵״̬ϾɢҵֳصţҶˮ򵥡١׼С
ÿһƬһ񱡵ľƬɺ״ѩ׾Ө⣬뿪ȴһı⡭
¥鲻ԽҪƣֵĴ˻ˬĽСûŮĲȣ֪ˣλԱ
Ҳˣ¥ֻһˣѾȫ꣬óǮٵջ󣺡һСʱнǧ
õĹǧѾսʤٷ֮ʮ˵ĸнοÿֻùСʱ곤費
ݼ١ͻȻҪӰ࣬ʱнӱ󡭡һ𡣡
£ԼĶ䣬Ұǻֶ
һ£곤֪Ƿ֪ҵҡ
֪˷ŻõףǸңҺġ
ֻ赭дȴͷƺɢĻŮ˵ָճȭͷԼļٴףܽӴôȻʳģôõĸɵϲžܾϰãҽаŰ
ãճ¥
Ű뿪ûжãˡ
˭Ҳ벻ˣӵ۾ˡĶ˭׽ƹݺȾҲϲһ˴š
֪곤һῴաǼ£ӦСĹˡ
곤óһɫŨľơ
ıꡣ
¾𣿡
Ƶζǻһ̼ңһڣ˻úȣ
ľƾƾѾﵽʮߣΪҺ㴼ɿڣ̲סƷͺҾƵĴ̼
һ¶ǣ۾˵ˣʶȻѣȴڷݡ
֪Ϊʲô곤֮;ãﻹ˭ЩвǾֻ㡣ҪôǲмҪôǲҡ
¥űӣ˵
곤֪Щ˭ǡһˡ֪뵽ʲôԽţ곤˵¡𣿡
ʲô
¡ȫ綼ѾֹһּڶʮǰȴһȨ󼯺ΪԼԼĶŮ¡ٰѿ¡弯зãγ˿¡
¿վƱ곤֪ǿ¡Щʲô𣿺ǣΪԼ׼ġٿ⡯Ҫ滻٣ҪնʱЩ¡óˡ
˵۾ûټ˵ȥ곤Ҳû׷ʡ
ôлл㡣վ߳ѵˡ
¥ĬĬھˮϹϡŵӡ־ƣΪӷζǺϣ֮ι󣬺ȵʱᵽ㣬㴼ŨҾơ
Ҳѧһ־ƣ˵һӢ۾ǺľƣŴ˰쵴󻢡
֪ԱܲܺȾƣ˵Ҳܴأ
ҰǸܺܶ࣬ҲֵܵطոµԱСʱϾͨѶ
ŴüĿ˵Ӱڳ¥ǰ
ͷŮ
Űǡ
ϣκ˰
¥ɳϣʱһƣŶ
Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪŰΪԼ׼ġ١
ҭס¥̲סЦЦӸߵͣడ
ڣЦˣЩΪ϶׼һѵһһ⡣ϳԼġǳأΪԼ׼õٿ⡣
ôȷ˴ڰŰٺѹǰŰ
֪ϵ΢΢θߣϳӶ֪ܣҰǵĵ곤ô֪
֪Ȼа취֪ŰҵԱһԱաĻҵˡ
ϣƹݵĿǶ֪곤˳ʦµľơ
Ҳϣ곤԰Ű˵˸㣬ƹݰסѾԱΪ˲˷Ǯɡ
İŰûסʣллϰ塣
ҪҪһȥǺӣ

š¥ͷһ˳ǵԺĺʳĿȶӦˡ

ڶ磬ĿУ¥յԱˣΧ۵Զֳһߵǰ档
곤ã
곤³ľܲϲѽ
ߵ˷׷׺к곤ֻЦŵͷһ·ߵǰ棬Ҳһ׶ӵԱߡ
ͷʱ䣬ԼĪӣ˵ˣʼɡ
ʲôʼ
Ȼֵĵ˴ҵע⣬֮ǸںӵϵгɫĵţҺܿһĤͬʱ
ףΧ߾ɲôôʱ֮š
Χ߻δ䣬ӵϵͻŹӿȴźˮʹӱһĤгǳ嵽ɾĺӵϣˮߵĿһ
Ȼ۾գһλðڣȻʱ֮ţôôʱ֮ţ
ʱ֮һٶǰѾյĺڿƼֱڣȫҲûмɹʱմʱ֮š
ԭⶫһҪʮ꣬ռҲгɱҲߣƹһֱ˳
õʱ֮ŸƣһξҪĵʮŸ߼Դ飬ǱҶ
ǰССʱ֮žͲһֻҪ죬״СɣҪԴӦҲޣǳʺƹ㡣
Ҫǣſռ䴫ͼµͻơ
ûеĶ곤ôأóǲּǹġ
ȺеһЩ˼
ѾϢȥȻƻ⻷ǺӶʲôҪ£ʱ֮Ųǡ
ʱ֮ŻڻˮΧѾֶңƵͼƬҰϡ
ҰȻֻһǣΪ⣬õҲǶ磬ЩϢҪͨ棬רƽ
ҰǵһƬȻֻһģǻⶫ㣬ôͷֱʵԻҪ˵
ڸľ񵱼ֻԣ׼֤漣ԶҲټϣǿʱ֮ţ
Щסڸ߲ϳǵҲסˣж׼ȥײ㿴
ϢԲй¶ȥʱ֮š˭֪Ŷأ

Сˣౣ곤ƹݿţǾͽȥûг֣žƹݣñ
췢̲סЦϴ˶ٱѣ
ѡ
͵»һܣ곤ʱţһƼ
ԱǵıأȻһƼˣԱ֤곤ȫ
һƼ곤ôطͽģ
в㡣
Ū̫յʱʲô߶ûáϿֱڻŪСʱ֮ţѾܵ͵չ˴ڽܶˡ
Ȼ͵ֻǵ곤˵⡣
ϺⶫһҰǶ𶯣Ȼ˵ҰǣЩҵԪסͳҲ۲ѡ
ӦЩ˵׼𣿡
ȫΧ۵ȳ£ȻҲ˽﷢鷢ڵ³ǣ̺ȾƵԼġ
Լ˲ƣУҲðëԼþơ
ȥưǲܵģ볡ѹףⱲȥǱ򵥡
ʱԼҡźƱżͷЬĸҡڡ
ԼõûĳͻȻڶϢʾ롣
쵰˭㲻ܸһĽ͡ʲôŭΪԷĻϣ֮ԳһãȻ
ǺüƵԼĴˣı𾪡ŵľ
Ϊ˲׬ǮȻʱ֮ţ
費ԼһԼʱ仨Ǯֻһؿڣһžһڵϲʡ¡


20 
ʱĺӵϻڷˮڳĲǴźĺˮˮпʼ벻ͬˮݺϺзΪٶ̫Ҳûʲô㣬ֻ֪٣һҡͷβŷǳл
˻ΧȺڵĿˮҪлðлһҲܺóԡ
곤ܴ˵㣬ʱ͵͵
㲻Ҫˣ곤ʱ֮Ŷó͵㣿
¥ǸһۣջߣµΪף»Ǻӵĵɡ

ţ󣬻ǺӣݣֻʹΪһĵ͵㣬ϵֱӴߣǰмֵĽ𣿡
ҪҪҪҪ
˵ЩˮͺʷӵҪӦһʱ䣬ˮҲҪһʡĲ˵FֺС㶼úڿϺ¸ףǷȶ
һЩˮѾӣϺзҲܿӦ
㹻ˡ
곤˵Ҫٰκ˶ܲμӣ㶼Դߣ
Ϣܿ촫ݱһֿ񻶣Ұǵľż񻶵Ķ顣Щľĵص˶̲סŶܣһһߺ
ҰǺþûôˡ
Ȼطÿ춼кܶ鷢˶ܲ룬˸˵飬Ĳ̫ࡣ
ιǵþƹݵһ쿪ŵʱ򣬵곤˵Ļ𣿡
һ䣿ȺеϺ˰졣״̬̫ã׿кܶѺۣԶʯһֱ
ˡʯЦͺܺˣѾʼıˡ
Ȼ˶ԸڴĵҪھ̵㣬һ̬óץļһڵ곤뿪ĵһʱˮ
ΪʲôҪĻϼھҪߡˮشЦ
쵰ϵҪץȥˮȴðһɫ͸Ķ
һȰİ׺ͷϻŰɫ鲼ӣϴԭʼϢƷоһҪóѸͷһѡ
ȻûУ׺ɰȭͷһҲͰ׵κ˲׼ﶪ
ȭ֮ˮ߻һǣһǶǽͣ£׺صͷ漴ʧˮС
ϵĭոǣ
̬ıߡȻͷʿĻ̬ô״Ҳ֡ɣ
ԥһûиȥ
ǵ곤
ǿ󣬳˵ĵ곤˳Ҫ׼ϵľƺͲˡŰȴҪȥһˡҪȥʰᵽ곤ṩķ
ڵ˵ǵһҪ飬ﲻٴˡڵ곤Ķ飬֮ǰѾǷ࣬ҲںǷһЩ
Ҫ˷ɲˣаµҲ
βݼ们ȥͷ­һٰʮת֫ţ˳㾯ҵҪİŰ
Űֻʰδ
סеĽؿҵùˣҪȥõĵط
ʦҵԵȻʳ𣿡
˭֪ôҵģȻûͷȴкܲ塣
ССķ˵˷вĿĶⴧ⡣
νݾĵطķ˴ܣ˿ܰΧһ1.2m2m1mߵӣһӾһ͵ȫ
߻ͬʱǳΣգʵûǮû˻סĵط
ŰȫĲƲ߳סĵطһһ߲㣬صĵط
Ҫ𣿡
ͻȻĴĺֺõѰŰһסôãһ֪ײҰ˻ɤ˵öġ
ȵ߳ȥſվŵǸŹߺڶˣˡ
˭ʶ곤
ϰ塣Űסһ˵ߡ
Ұǵĵ磬ΪⱻϲвˣԳ谵Ӱƹݵ곤ǻԨԺڰеһǿҵĴ̼
ǵĿƲһ߱գһ̰ؿ
պ·һȥɡ곤ֵصͷת߿µƹ·ɫɫߡ
ôʳ˼̻ˣȻӵһĻϲУŰЦ
ɲʲôպ·ĹǲԹǸ˵ģλصĵ곤ʵЩˡ
ûǿжٶҪɵ᣿
ŵ㣬ƹ׼ʱţĿˣֶס
һƵƵİԲֵĴӣŹ̨ҡ־ˣװֵܡ
Լİ˷Ц
ʲô´ҧžƱһϾܺһƣССȡ
ģ곤ԸԶʱ֮ǷˮǸ߼۵ˮûˡͨһ֪ô¡
̫ˣԸһļǮ곤ˮ
Ȼ곤⣬ֻǸԼģ⣬Ҫ̰
ԼһһĵΪ˱ʾѺãٵǮһ׾ƣлл곤ΪţҿԴһҵķ˻ϲġ
ÿÿ
ſڳҵĽŲԭֵһˣЩϺȾƵɢ͡
ҵľƹݡ곤᲻أЩ¹ŵĴֶȴһףס䣬ԴȴǱ졣
¾͹ȥ
ǵĶѪҺһſڵϡ
Ǹ֮ǰ֪ĹءһƹЩ߽˹ķ棬һõǾƻ˵Сӡ
˻Σֻǳһ˫ǳɫۣ˫޶ǱԵèƶǡرĵ˵ʨѲӲԭ㣬ѹ˶Щ
͡ԭűǡ⡯Ĺأһ߽Ǻ췢Ŀ͵¡һͽ˴ѹ
ƺʶˣϲ
͵̨ǰһһƬʡ
곤һۣóһƷڹ̨ϣдţѯйʱ֮ŵ£뷢Ϣ˺š
֮Ÿ͵׼˾ơ
˱ŵ۵Ŀߵǰ档֮ǰڹ̨ϵԼĿվÿԶ˵һߡ
ƷƵġ˵
곤ʾÿɷ񣺡ʲô
˶žˮƿ˰죺һƹơ
ܿһɫĻƹƾͳǰ
˱ΪȻȹȻƣвƷԲδȵСƹݷֱƱƮ˫۾һ·ᵽèɵè
㡣þƾˣһҲֱܷ档ŵдľζ˾֪һþơ
һ֮¹Ȼˣζ壬ʵ΢ֲ룬ϸǻҷƣϳҲ
ᡣ
һþƣȻʮõ㶼ã޷⣬ƾһȺ֪þƵ̣ˣ
Ұǵ˳ԹȹٺöǸ֪ⱭƵֵ
ΪⱭƽռ곤ʱҲó
Ȼһѣվһ仰ҲʲˮҪʱʣ˭
⻰ʵûͷûβ곤֪ʲô΢΢𣬵ͷ
ֻҪءء
˻δ곤ЦͻȻ˺ܾãβŻعЦǿ˹Ժ᳣
顣췢͵µı̨
˵߿ڿнӴ絶ǹӡ
лҪ˵
С糡
˹أ
͵£أ
ɫëèƺͺɫëҰȮƵĶԾ


21 
þòôΣǵһ㡣Сܲÿ˹ָ
ر⣬ǿĿ͵ôôʱسǲ֪Ϊʲô
Һæģûʱչ˵ȵг̡췢͵Ц
֮̽˭Ҳû׼һ˵˼һƺСܲÿ˹Ҳ˾뿪ˡ
֮ǰֵغ͵곤˱
곤ֻǻһ֣һûиǧʱʵ˲ֵֹࡣ
Ϊ˵ĳֺ뿪ڡ
ιǲǸ˭ֻƵƬǲǸǸСܲá
񣬼Ҳ񡣡
ҲҰǵˣǶǰ·ŵͷ²һ֪омϳ˽λˡ
ĭɵ˵ķṦΰģ˵ϼоŪ˿޸е֫
˹˹ŵ۹ļ̳ˣģûߵĿ͵һڶƣϲڽӽĳʱαװɱľӡ
Ŷ곤˾ƱţŶ졣
곤ȷʵȤ͵¶ЦֻҪ˫߸ϵ۾ͲᱻԻ
͵뿪ˣԼҲ뿪ʣµĿ˻˵ǸǮ̳˵Ĺ¡
ǰ쿴ˣ˽˷ģϳǡ˽˷رһ۾ϳ
ϲİɣʲôڷ⼸һȾ˲Ǳʿ
ٺٺ٣ǲ֪СƹڶҲЩҪӲ
֮Ҫˣ˹ˡ
߾ⲻζԺƸˣ
ƹ˵ı꣬һ߿ڰؿ곤곤һٷ̫
ǰ곤ԼŮ˺üζûϣ̫ˡ
һι״Լͬ¶ɰı飬۾һʹ곤Աձۣðɡ
곤ʲô˵ã
ơƻӣ֪ˡ
곤һ߲ϲͣ˵ҲͲˣǸ׷ʣǾԹԵؿģϣԶȼ
ջؾƱĵ곤һֵĶھƱײ˺һֽдһַ֡
ʮһ㣬ƹݹţƿɢȥϨ𣬰׵
¥Լһƣƺţԭ
ʲôʨԴ
ǼײǵСӡ
ʨԴðʺš
ʱ򣬴߿ƼĸŲԸܽΪܲõĿ˹ǷСֱӹ˳涴ײǡ
ȻǻûͱĵƬЩ޴ƬҲɾ޴ƻ
ξƽݸ꣬ٿڻ緢ʮ۵СᣬЦవ֡
ԺΪȼϵķ޺ðɡ
ʱ£¥ǸַҵվȫϢĵһάվҲˡ
Ҫ֤ݣʾԱ룬Ͱȥ
ҳ֮󣬳䱦ĸ֣ϢһҰǵ³Ǿٰᡣ
ÿ궼һΣͨ;Ʒ
ƷᣬܽĶʱҡͨ΢㣬׹ģȲģûеĺö
£滹Ϊѹһĸ߿ƼǷɴ
滹һЩۣ˵ҷɴļɷƽ⣬жټֵȵȡ
쳣Ƿɴ¥ķɴӰתתȥתתôֳǰˣ
ǵüǰԼǻһף޷ģɴǼʽŶӣ˱ʺơ
ƾɵЩɴڻǼʵתվˣֻõһϼ֮ԴΪǮȥĳǷ˸ۻԼĵһõ㡣
һ붼üˣǸ䵽޵ĶĳС
ջһͰĿ֣Ŀתҡһиɫ̾š㿪ˣһѾõƽԱ볡ȯ
Ķ¥ҲŪ϶ûб˶͵
ñǮɼͼС
ʱҰǵĳһҷ˶Ůż˵ķ̣űʯƯļ⡣
һС߽յŮߣС˵ʲô
ǲҲԣһֱֻܲ
Ů³迡³ͽû뵽ȴһƽ˦ڵϣָ׹γһѪۣżôˣϧϲ֮ǰѱӡ
µѵūʦһ㲻֪ҵϲãһ
һӰ᣺߳
Ҳˣ˭С
ֻһ鲼ɫɷףҪסȥˡŮ˿Ҳһۣ֡
ǸľƷϲŰɣߣҲ׼áûʱ򡭡
ȥɺָϵѪҺ⼷ЦᣬŻûᡣ֮ǰΪԼѾӳ˰ɡ˭
һɫâֱӿ롣
Ȼ֮ǰϳȴѾǱ㿪ȾƳˮŮеӹ˸ϸֱƳ±ԭǶȫеıڡ
ץסڴӺϳŴ
֪˲࣬ҰǵϻĵҰǳ񣬻ûйݳ޵ġȫ
ƲߣҲñѣͷ㻹ԼУŸƭһ
ǳԴƶȾأȻʳĶ󰡣ˮض뱻ǹϷˣͨĶз㣿ЩϲֻȥģĻеؽе̼棿
һ뵽Լĵ㼼ʵսһ㰮Ƕжˡ
곤Ը嵥еһӽԺҰְ֣ͷͷ˿޳֭һᡣ
ɡЦ
ǣҿɲҪļӡ˲ҪԳƵ곤ˡ
ʵЦֵʱһ˿һµҲͲˡҾǴ˵еġŶΣ
ޣ
ҪǵŶΣҾǵʦˡ
Ҿǵ
ţ
˭˭
гˣȥˣ󣬺ߺߡ
ǳҪϼһתͷͿʼµյ񰲣Сϰ壩ѵ͵ļ۸
㰮ĦȭԾԾǲ˵ģЩ㵫ҲԾԾԣֻռֲ뻯ǵһỰ˭֪ûʲôıƣ
Ȼ˻ܿͱȥˡҰǾûƲӣܰʹƿڴ
Ҳ˵ʱ֮ŵ飬ֻºƽյľ̫ңԶˣȶԶԶûеߡЩԼͼˡ
Сܲÿ˹ѾˣԥȥȲϡ˵ܲܰŪ١
˭ǡǡҡϺס
ɭԼĺϣ޲öϾϵļƣлࡣ
ǺǣʱҶ̫յʱѹ߶ûá㶮ʲô˼𣿡ϳЦҪʱ֮ţֻһְСĶһٵĹߡ
˵ô죿
ɭ˵ЦҲЩ˵ֵһᣬҲǷǳҪһͻơ
ţȥλĹһϵߡȻûʲôҹ黳ѹŻҲˬ
ģֱ壬ǵһʶѣΪ˸Ĺߣ
Ҳ̫оˣֱҰǵˡ
ΪǸԼӳλãҶˣʲôˣһ˺о˵ҫͲء
ֱϵ˵˵Һνͷ˹Ĩǳʲô˵ʲôáҡ
ôɭ׷ʡ
֪ΪʲôܾãҲϣš


22 
طܶԻǹʱ֮ţ¥ȴûеһ¡
ӪҵţͨһС¥ȥһ㣬ҲʱסҪ׼׼Ȼڷء
Ҷôգûжһͷ谡衣ζҪƭһ;ǵĸˣ
һ˵ĳ¥˼ֵĮǻصﻹ߶Žʨ̫Ļ
㣬׼˵ĸĵص㶨λҪ͹ȥĵȴ˸һ£Զ澵͸쳣Ϣ
ţȥ
һ˸ߵľˮο¥ԼӰҲζϸȥȴʲôҲûС
ˣʨӺһ
ǰ¥ֻýСС¡׵תʱգ߰ɣ˳ĸˣ
һγ¥˳˳ûκβ۾ҵ˵ĸξ硣
ĸξԳ¥׾ͽȥˣֻҲĸҲûξӭ
һƬ޵зƽҲ˶һƬͶѩ
¥ͺصǧǰʱҲﰲĵڴϢ
ţߵĳĮͣ¡
㡣
ĸֻǶ²ĵܵܣ˺ͺһʣָʲô
е䣬¥ʱҷʡȻ˵Ŀģ㣬ȥ
ȡҲΪǳȥ
ĸļ֤ߺߣҲص֮һųԶԶ顣
ʱȵףĸľκ顣ǧȥξг˯Ҳǵĳҹ
ʱȴҪѣΪǵԸ߰˵ʵԴıԵĸؾܾ
㡣ĸźرն䣬ֹܾͣһ仰
ǣװĽ㡣ĻԼǷյĶ䡣ĸĵĵܵܣϣ͡ء޷ܾ
֪ǳŮ֮ĸ
ǻɽͺƽԭѪҺ֭ƽʱﷱϢŭʱҽӿоŸÿдݻǡ
ʲô
ǰɳڿתž޴Ƶ۾˫۾ǰСͬϡ˹۲쵽˫صĴ޷˵۾ǵ꽫Ϊը
㹻Ĺϥǣ¥ָɢвƵĽ٣ƽҵ۾װĽ㡣
׽͸ˡϵŮǰǵĸԽص
ллĿ϶⼸ǧ߹̫ĵط
¥˵Լľ˵ûûˣֱ⣺֪ҹ۾ԿδһƬš
ǿ֣ܻʹ࣬ûľһһȥߺɱ¾Űҹļߵ
֪ĸƽĬأΣԼѡ·ҳȥʲôôأ
ΪάֹǻҪķԭͲĸȴ֪ΪȻҪƻ
ƾʲôΪʲô
¥˵ʣ
ȺֹȹעôԼѡ˱̣񶾵䣬ҪԨаѹͷ޳ϴɾ
㣡ǼǺòǻ
еĻýʨԴ¥Ҳꡣ
ѡģ红Ӱ㸧ļ˾ԡˮ˶
ҵһμ꣬ʱ̤ƲʴɽйͷͶȥһۡӴη̰ҵħҵ
ַԼɱ˵Ϊͼļ˾Ԩͽ
Ǽ˾Ѱʻǽ壬ʹ಻ҹղܰȥԨ޳ͷ
Ҳ˵ˣҲ˵ˡ
ĸΪԼʹ̲סȻһγ¥ȴֻһЦ·Ѿ⣺Ϊ࣬ΪԼ
ߣǵĿû˳ʼҲͲ塣
ĸΪȻĿͺһ£ҪҵȻһжûзż࣬ʲôϵ
֪ĸţҲع鷨ط𣿡
¥һζõĸĬɱԼ̬ȣΣѾ׼
ǷǱȴЩܻ˸еһĸһγţǻع鷨պһεûмĵĸ𣿡
ĸΪ¥ĻΪԼǲꡪ¥˵Ķġ
Ϊʲô֪Щ
Ҽš
ĸþò
¥˭Ƿ򣬻Ƿܻһ˸
ļ˸񣬻꣬˭ģ
عԭʼ״̬󣬴˸ᵽȥ
һ𣿡
سĬе˼ѣѭ֣Ĵݻ񱩵쫷磺
˭
Ҵ
Ҫȥ
Ŵ֮ȣ¥ЦԽʵ͡
ƽʱյĥֵ꣬ͬǸǻ۷籩ˡ
Ϳе̵ĺͬĸԼò⡣
ĸѾҡˣġڳ˯֮ǰŭԹޣˣΪԹ޺ͷŭͳЦ
ˣǧǰȫʢ״̬ǸСֻ˵ϣãȴ̫ʵ
֪¥Цһ¶ŵã顣
˭жѡЩѾ򲢲ûҪǴ󲿷ֶʧˡ
о˺ܾãִ漣ھ
ֻǡ̾һҪһԡϣ͡漣ѺõĻһлҪԼǲԼ˵Ķ֡
ȻЩļһڴƺ߿ࡣ
¥ҡҡͷô᣿սǰ˰ȴһ·ϼɽǿս
֮޵У֮һһӴս˵
ĸҭסʵڲӱλãսӶ飺֪Щ׽Ҳ˵
¥ЦЦìܣ˵
⣬λڣڿĥǿԼҵİ취һ߾ȫһ
ĸǸоʲôץסɫ΢䣺ΪʲôҸо񣿡


23 
֮, ֮ࡣ
ûϡȥ, ±һɢ
Ӳ˽ĳ¥ʶ, һ
ҪڣĸѾ˵˻ôƭ𣿻Լȥ飿
ĸ־ŭʹĸʨһıó¥﷢, ڨڨ, ֻһԡ
죡ĸ˿̵͸Ż㵽ʲô
Զ, ԸͺһСܵ׾ʲôĸȥǶΨһҪǸ߸ȥľȥ, ôô档
ǲ֪ʱ򣬵ʲôСܡˡ
¥ŭֻЩССƽЦ, ƻһ, 侲ǡ
żȻõ˵İʾѽվ, ֮ĸҪô, ҪôҾһΡ
Ϊ, ǲҪˡĸ֪Ҫʲô֪һһΣյ, ΣյҪע
Ϊɣһֱϲࡣ
޷, ಻һ֣ĸﰮԼ
㣬ǰһֱ, ͬǳ, ÿ˶Լְ, ΪʲôûУҴڵ
ǲĸһ˵ˣ֪ʲôǿ, ֻǿԳءϣĸܲˣһȺʲôҲ̫ܵ͵֪ܶĴڡ
Ҳ˵ĿҲҲ֪Լڵ壬ΪŬ
ʲôҪĴۣҪסˡ
ĸ촽Ĭβʣ㸶ִۣأ
¥û˵ֻЦ
ʱԻһ̡
ǣҲ鳤ҹ
ų¥ִԲ򡯵ı飬ĸűۣһҪȥǰɣ֪ˡ
ӵĸð㣬ɫĸʹص
ξһѣݰ»߲ʵĹ⣬ͷӭշĸͷϽɫᣬĸ޵еԽϡ
ֻһΡ
һĵĸѡΪͷ¥ЦԼۺΣԲ𣬽㡣
ڰ˯ѣѾᵽϢ
ĳҹеĹңߴƲ㣬ɫΪˢһ۵ıߡżȻ̧ͷһۣȴصľͷһľ޴Ρ
ʲôͣ½Ų
ǿԳſصӰ
ͷϵĹƲлһ׼Բȴɽģģܿ࣬ؾ㾲
˶㵵˵
ǼæֱҪһĻ˭֪ͷ̧ͷĹǸ޴ӰȴɢˣǵŨҵĽҲˣֻһɫƵƲʡ
ȻҲּۿƵ֪Ϊʲô۾һʮʵϵŮ㵽ȴǶǵģ档
ȥһǾһֹγɵżȻͼΡ
ֻЩȻξУҲ֪֪ʲô¡
Ľѱ䣬ǵȻҲ
ĸˣǶܺ档
ǵĸϢͬǳļӦ֪ǵĸѡ
Ҳ˵ˣҡŴӣҲЩԥ
ΨԨڤϣʬɽѪɷУ˫ĿԶ
ĸҲº͵ŮѺ󣬼һҹ֮䣬ض˿漣Ļ档
ѿݽߵȪϸĬĬʪء
ߵƺٻѿһ죬ϸϸѿ
Ǵ˵ĶǣƺҲļ̽ͷһ
֣ô£ͷԣͼøֿѧ۽һҹ֮ı仯
ֻиооѧ鲻Խػܡ᣺ǵоȣϣ
ŵĸѣԭϵļŮʮ»ڶֲɽ֡󡢽ӵǷ׷ѡ
Щ޴ؿĿȫǵء
ɽֱĮԭӸĵɽѡСǲᣬǱµͲ࣬Ҫָԭֱӳɡ
ڴд棬ƺҲڻƻֻҪѸʮϰ꣬ĸָܹ
ʱӵĸļŮѾ
֮ǣϪ¹Ϫ¹ÿ߼ͻͣ¹棬ͻ᳤ݿӿȪ֮İգ߹ɳĮһſơ
֮Ͷ֮ȥ˸Զĵط
¥ŵĸĲľҵ
ʱȼѾ
ڻǰ¥ذ׸Լؿڣɫ߹ǣʺļ⣬ɫѪܡǻȴû࡮񡯣ֻһɢϢֻ
ԺΪȼķСˣ̶СǶΪµĻ
תɫĻ壬¥Ͼһճɽһָҽһһ¡
ͬʱһֿµƻξķӡ
ʶ֪ʲôһ磬չںڡ
¥³ѪѪڵϻһƬƬڵõ壬ȴЦûãһΪۣ׬ˡ
񾪿ֵҪֹȴܡ
һһǻԱǣŽǻΧתĻܣǻС档
ڣǱɱ壬¥ɫףͷƲѹɺ졣
͵ؿǻﰴĳֹתȴը棬ĿѣÿһƵĹﶼһ켣
ǳ¥ܲˣɴеĻеϿˡˡ֯ĺۼ
ÿһÿһֶǲֱӵʵ
ˣ⵽ʲô
һ

ԣҲ¥Ǳؿڿϣܿٿһ˵ĺۼֻǰ׵͸ܿ˿״̬
ʱͨأֻʮʱ䣬ںɵġڰϷ
ڰϷĳżһĽҲһͼƿԿ׵Ŀ֮١ԳáпϷѡ̭С
Ե˵ڰϷһҩù̥ǡ
ûʱˣҩɣ˻һ
һ֮ɸѡǧˡҲɾҲħ
ħѾĸǣκ޷ֹ
֮¥ҿȳ
Ȼף֪һһΪյ飺ҿ԰ʲô
Ѿ㹻ˡ¥ȹƣˮ°ϵ䣬ЦҡҡͷһҪңͰ°ɡ
һɫƷʯ̨ϣ־ƽ
ҲһС
Ĭ˻ƱһúñءΪѣŲֳ֧¥ľ
á¥ĸмЦΨһΪЩ£Զ¡
ǰģۡ
Ұһĳ֡˵Сˮѻó滷ơ
Ļекͺ޼ֵķĽ䣬һǱȾķɫ۵ɱŮЩڻţҲǳ١
ûҲŮǱʵ壬ָǳ˶ʮȴֻг֮һ̡
գաŲԶɱŮŬ͵۾ȴֻܿһģģӰӡ
ɱңƽɱߺ㱻ɱ֮ɱֵ˾һɱֵɱ˺޸оڱɱҲûʲôоЩܵ
¥վСͷžƹĳ͡
ҡ
곤ϳ˳¥
Ϊһ뷹Ķ飬ԼСֵ𣿡
ɱŮᳶǣ˵ʲôѽֻǸǮɱ˵Ļѡ
ҵȱ˸Աʲߣǧ԰סһ𡣡
ɱŮֿ죬ʹ˿ڣΪʲô
ְֿû취ˣ
ɱŮǽʱ͵Ұǣİְ֣ʵоԱ˰ο˵ʵˡƷȥǱġ
ʲô֪ԾɲԸⱻκһ߹һߵǸ޷Լˣʮꡣ
ɱŮģʣҪһؼң
Ҳҵġ¥£֣ߣǻؼңСԲ
ӰӺͼǸ˵ЦһɱŮǰģô
ҰǵĳϺ۾ڴϣʯ
Ȼ׼޷ֱֿѵ
޴ҸٵȤ˵ŲĻ۾ȴһȦ
׼òΪʬû뵽ϺĴȴһ⡣âһɨ裬ʬһһʧ
ʯ˿ɨĹѪܣ㵵ץסǽʧĲ֣סĵطһʧˡ
żڰϷǸ˲䣬򶼱ӣ˯ܵۡ
۾Կ͸ʱͿռγɵά棬ñٵһȴĳֺڰڸǡ
µָ£ǳջУɫָ⻯ɺɫİٺϡ
ңǾҡ
ĺڰٺɢɻ꣬Ӱա
˭Ϊڣ¥ͷŲãӣǼַĽ¹УǳɫڰȼŻ档
弶ʾ˺ڰϷֱҳ档
׼һǼG򣬡ȫϷʼ


24 
ĳ996ҵ
æϰ·, һʮ£ڵϣһ졣
ʮȵ·˿, Ʈζ
ǹɣϢȺûͣ, ǻҪ׬ȡ΢нˮж, ȥȡһӪƷ, ӻԼܹʮ
ʵûıˡ
ͨһĻĽͨԱƺķϢ, ǹʬ··ÿ춼ᷢûʲôþȵġ
ʲôȻһȴСС⡣
Ǹڵϵʬ, ͺʲôɨһ, ͷʼһһʧ, ̶̼ͳʧˡ
һĻ˶, ⳬǵĳʶ, ⡣ḻĽͨԱŴ, һȷǸʬƤӵһʧ
ô£ϱ
²ֻһ, Ҳֻһ, һҡ
ͬ岻ͬĹ, Щ˶ķʽʧˡ
Ϸ࿪ʼңϷЩΪԼѾȥȴЩ޴ؿԼĵطЩɭĹűЩõͯ磬ЩڴҵߵĻĵ档
һʧϺ˳ĳһС
Ļָܼ̌ͷһССգɵ, ͷǻˮĵ, ҷӴܡǽϻɫͿѻ, дŹֹֽ߲֮źûκද
Ұǵ棿ôֻǵԼϺԴ
ݡ
մֵϺͷĽӽһԶž޾Ӵչ͸˫Žɹ׵ĸͻȻ˼ʮֻ޴۾
Ϻ˴Һһˤڵϣʲôʲô
ĿƲеľ޾ºͣСͷȺΪʳżҲص㣺ǿȡͷΪĵһﷶΧ
˳ȥϺ˷Լ϶һɫֱСĴı̣һ͸Ĺ
ĸϢְ״̬ݡĸԹɣ⻹оԡ
ֻû꣬ɫֱٴηĵ
ѽӵҵı10֡
ѿϷֱֱȶȿתɻ֡
ֿɻȡƸλҪһС
ʧܳͷĨɱ
ףϷ졣
ǺڰϷֱ
ͨϷѾмʮûп
弶ϵΪ⴫˵ֱĵ𶯡˼֪ߣ󲿷˶֪ôģֻ֪һܻҲܳɾֱ䡣
кܶͼĸ¿ƼҲкܶԴݽߵĲϡ
֪ǶЩͼҲԥⱭơ
ߵأڳǮԣұʯԼõϷͨżȻƥΪĳϷߡ
ǿƲסԼѵĳ嶯
ֻһ֣˽˵СڰϷĸߵϷߣѡķʽıˡ
ֱֵķʽҲˣɱĹȶȳء
ڰϷ֮ԽڰϷΪǰҩǣϷѡҵķʽûޣʱһϷһνˣƺˡ
ĻǸЩһԸĻᰡ
ֱڰϷˡ
ȿȿȡ¥ԵɳϣȾˮⲻͨʹѹȥġ
ǻһŻȼգھظԹ̡
ϰʹˡ
˵СԲѾ͵ҽҽȻ֤ҽҽʱߵĿ顣
ò죬ƹݾͿԿҵ
ΨһҪעǣҪҰǵĳ
Ȼ⻹㲻ϴ⣬ҪӦΪϷݡ
ڶѽΪϷ֪ģԷ䵽ÿһϵϵͳҲйٵķѡ
¥ѾѳһʶƹܵӰ졣
ͬͬķӦҵϺĸ֪С
¥ϤǵģǾƹݵĿˡ
첻ԭô
ľϺˣҰǵ磬˿ĲԶʪĻҰɫιںڰĻǺ
ֱĹСġҲѾЩֲʬ漰Σʾԡ漰͸ţֻЩġעܡĵĻԱ
߼ĹڸǮǴ󷽣ҵ־ֵ֣һwĸ߼Ļ˼
һͨĻƽһõ㣬ؿˢѹע߼ĻӴֺţɫЧƮѲע⵽˹ûбʲôȱ㡣
ˮʬѸ٣Ϻ˵׷ӦЩӺĶǺӵĶ
ǺӲ곤𣿡Ϻ˲ף֪һج磬еĹﶼľʹࡣ
ÿҵ綼ǵج磬ֻսʤԼĿ־ʹ࣬ҵҪġǲʽҡ
ͬʱֱ־壬Ҳ״̼ʹͻƵķʽ
ĿǰľƽֵʮͻƶʮǾͻѾ棬ĻǣϷΪӰء
¥ĬؿϺ˱һ߹¾ˮ
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Ϻ˿ʼԹһСӴܷɱصϺе̵Ҳ׷ϵʬҧѪ졣
һϷѶȵ͡
Ըھ򣬿̽ĸݣԵõ֡
һֵõֵķøڹע
ϷѡǼʹڲź쳣ǵ񾭱ǧѱʲôס
ϷϺΪıƽԭеġݡΪͻһ㡣
һһ߻Ī磬¥һǧϷġ
һͻƣͻơһѹѾõúأǲ֮ͻԼļޡ
֢ٲࡣ
¥ɳϣ³һ
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ʵϳ¥ûиı̫Ϸõʱƫ
ֿҺ͹ڵ飬ѡȡϷͶ˫ܿĻġ
ֲξ硢еجΡⶼƾʷǼgetԪء
ڶϸɸѡģҵĶֽΪĻҵҲܷĸ߼
ʳģױϷҲ󷽡ǹ׵ĽǮȶȽתΪĸǼĸֿƼԴ
ôϷǳΣյģ̭ʲ͡
Ӧ˵̫򵥵Ϸһﲻ̼ҼǾã̫⡣
¥κ֪ڰϷйأ塣
ϷոտʼĸǸյ廹ûʶʲô£ǳᷢ֡ǹȵĺģֳܷȥ顣
ʲôӦҪгϷϹϵȽϺá
в֪ĴһֱΪ

յһţ𣬴ͨѶ
ȻûϢһϢȤ
¥ˣǸǼˡ
ʲôϢ
֪ڰϷ𣿡
ڰϷ¥ɳָ㡣
ѵ弶ǺڰϷ򣿷ôͻȻڰϷ
һ˵еϷѡһҰĳҪϷϷʧϷɹԭнײӴλļԴ
˷һκܳҪطḻϢ
ңǲйϵ
ѡ
֣¥һֱӷһĿСĻչ˵˵ҺȤ
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бףͬʱҲζᱩ¶ڸ߼ǰѺõģҲ϶вѺõġ
һ޷ϷǰȫʽǼȴǵֻ޾ĺڰ
ллЩиϢԸң۸
ڰϷԲ͸¶ȥҪõϷԼҪϷˣ׷ɱ
£µǸĴȴһ
ȻһûллΪҰһУ곤
곤
Ұǵлٺһ


25 
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¥ȥǼ, ֪ô΢һֱûзĸǡ
, ڰϷķ䷶ΧֻĸǺռݵļС򣬻ǼʵಢѡķΧڡ
Ϸոһ߻Ǽʵ˾ҳ˹, ȻС˰
ĿҲɣҪľʱ, ϷôҲȡʮʮĻ壬ץסᡣ
ϷԴͼĸָ߿Ƽܸһװˡ
¥̲סЦ, ȴֲСĳؿڵˣİ׺ϡͰ׵˪ʤѩ, 񸲸һ㱡Ҫɰ͸ġ
, ôˣʨĵ, 𣿡
ʨţһŲ֪
ûʲô, ոе㲻Ѿûˡ
¥ǿ, Ĵ, ҳһͣĸˡ
ʨͷðһʺš
ǵ, ֪ж˲μѽ
ൽʲôѲһȦıŮͷ󱭼ӱơƣǲѹ»СӶ֪ԼѡˬӶ磡
ڹ̨ĳ¥ûпµļʺͿֵļβƷڹ̨ϣһ߽ԼĴڸС
Ϊ޴ĵܵܰԼһСľͻغջҷǿŮĸòҧԴѡ
ΪѴһ򵥵£ȴû뵽ôȻǿѴһ飬˵ЩĶֲ˼붼ˡڻܹӲдtmǸ漣
ʵôһֱֲĹŬָ̬ЩһһϦɵġ
ĸԴڴأǴصĻҲ֮ĸ񿴵Ŀ꣬ѹҪ
ôôڸʲôһͷɫĴ֮ĸüǴܵóһ͵͵ߡ
㣬ΪرƵľơ¥ϡơݺ꣬Ӹӽ㲻ᣬľǲҪ𣬷ûҪǮ
ȻĸΪãɫƯƬװεļβƣ໹ų˳
ĸҾưߣϲεĿڸУһϲ־ƾϡ
ǰĺúȡˣ㻹ûشңҪȥʲô
¥ĵͺˮͰ㣬ҪҰ˸ڽ졣

ʲôʱõģĸ̫⣬ֻҪͷųһϢЩͻǰΪʲôҪ
ҵģö㣬кһ¥Цеġ
ҲһЩϺҵʲôö
ĸüͷϸߣںصȨͺѾ˼ǧ꣬ҲˡϺ飬ĸǳߡ
٣ҳ˫
¥վסͻȻĲʹȲˡ
׽㣡
Ϊ֤Լõģĸ¥öˡ¥ϣָؿڳһ
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޷׷٣
ʱõĲڣΪʬѾʧķ䣬Ϊʧġ
ȷľǣʧʬ嶼ڷȻ˶ɱɱѡڡ
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ֲ׷ʬʧ޷׷٣ͷ·ǲϡ
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ΪЩʧԱ⡭ֻǱ߲ɫٽƶ߳ӢۣҲһȺȨӵܿߺͼɵֻҪԷһضǿꡣ
ٽֻЦЦ֮⻹бġ˵ĸ˵ʱšܵõսϾͲᴦޡ
ôУ¹عŰȫұһˡ
ƵĶԻںܶҡ
޴ڵͷͣƿعҵע⵽ߵʧ¼ȫѡѹ£ȥڿֻš
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ʵ棬׼Ǽֲ̫ڰϷ飬ʮֱԴ󲿷ֹҵһʱ䶼ıۡ
ǶڻɶĸǴЩ
ĸǱڵ忴ᣬǵԴķ̶ȲЩûĿǡܱġ
ҪҲðűֵķն֡
˱ġеҪޡҲǲŭ
ôͼö˶˵ĺڰϷôѡGǰ֣ʩѹƻһۿžҪɹڰϷһΪG˺һڡ
ɺޣá
յڰϷֱĸߵȼ̫࣬弶ͷƨǣĿ֮ǰǿȡļƻֻʱжϡ
ԺҪһ㣬Ҹɡ
Ҫ˵GĶԹôһٶGǸոѧǼԾ˵
GһӴĸ߼һʼǻźгƵƤӣһЩͱ̭ļͬʱҲڴڽĻ
֪ƽƽҪԼɣƵһ˯ĺˣô׽ܱڽ̴䣬Ϊĸ
һעʧܵġа
۲ϵ½ʧ֮󣬷Ļͼʼų
ʱһصСǴ͹һ·ȫսʿ
ǳɹˣûȫɹ
ΪѾӦ·ߴ߻е·ߣֻȫѾǾʽ̤ǼС
һ޸·߳ɹͲܹˡ
ڰϷֵ̫ͻȻеļƻΪԼӹ٣ڰϷѡеǧƼж٣֮һ
߿ƼϢľ޴򴫳ู˷ֱϵ᳤һйƽ
ڰϷͻGǣ˶ҰǵЩҲʶԡ
һĿ۵ľҰǲ֮ͽһֶңͨذٱҰ˵ıߣԡ
ʱҰǵ߹ѾյϢΪڰϷǿƽϷƺѡΪҡ
ϳԡΪɣ¶
æǸҰɱСӣǸɱ֡
ƺ͹ر绰⣬곤Ǿٰ𣿸ȶȡôǲš
ҰĽһʱ˾


26 
Ϊ߽, ˹עĵҰǵĵţһЩ˶ʼ淴ɵ곤ȶı
Ȼ, ͼСѵ㣬ǿ
¥֪ܿҰǵĲּɡ
ӵߵ˵Ѿ, ¥˵ڴƽ
ϸᷢĽŲЩ鸡, Ҳ԰סҰǵ谵˵, Ҳ޷ɫ
곤ˣԶóһ, ǹƻ, ӭӹӢӭ
곤еĿߵӵߡ
ƽʱźɫ񣬽ȴѵôһɫװָճխĺ, Ȼһͣȴһûƻشеʡ
ЩʶЩʶǴӸӵ³ǡвϳǹ
ΪѵõĻ, Ұǵĵһŵƣ˺ͺӶյ, ص׾񶼿첻ʶԼˡ
˵һܽܳǰһˡ
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εտ̨Ѿպ̿𣬵»бõģʦǵԱ߻һŸϡ
ЩҰ΢ĳʦǵЦţϲⲻ⣿
гʦصտ̨һֵĴ󿪿ڵĿͨεͰ
ˣг㣬ԶԱߵԴǸͨˣҾͲϻˣʼ
ڰ֣ԼѾŵͺʹˮͰѰҵ㡣
һĻҲֱӶεĲ߿ǻԼѡõĵͿʼ׼
һ㾭Ѿʼ׶ѡ
һעѵ㿪ʼ๾ðݣ߰ñӣסԼֵЦݣεʤ֮
Ϲˣһ𣬡ӮˣţЦڵϵˮȻֹ
ߡ֮ǰĵٴѹñܣ㲻ܴĹض֣Ϊ壬ʤվǡ
ѲݣǱߵһʮصĴ㣡

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Ҿ֪бռĵط㡣
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ʲôпˮǶҥԣǲҪ䣬Һ͵곤ǿ츸ĸֵܡ
˾ʹչԼģôôûʲôؾ
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һǰſ˹ĸ߼ͺ͸߼
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ΪᣬеꡭĿ˹Բèһ۾
͵¼һβڿ˹ϵ㣬ʵ˵Сֻˡ


27 
⻷Ǻӱ, ֮ǰΪȻû׼ߣҲûйرڡҰǶ˵Ӿոһյľʲôʱ򿴹ϵЦݣһܿ֡
ֱֿʲôֵǮ
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ʮ߹ﳤĻǺ˼, Ϊõĵλǻñף˸ֵڻ̻
׺ӵͷ֪ʲôʱӺð, ˳Ͽһöӵ, Ĭؿߡ
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Ǻǡ
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߾˷ԹһʲôûеˣЦ, ·Լһ첻ǵ˼įǵá
ǵá
Ұô, ǵһ, ڸɾˮ, ˮƮС㴩ȺӦ÷ʲôʲôô㡣
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ǻԸȥڰ¥ȴѾĻصУȥһλرĿˡ

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ǰϺɭΪͨһСӣŲŷռؿ
һƽĻɫë̺Ŀϰһֽ飬ԭڵϿſʱģ
ռչ⼼Ǳȿռ佺һҪ߼Ϊռ佺޷ɻġȴռ佺ҵļԭûͻơ
ʱΪʱŶԵ곤ֵ˶޹˼
곤Ǻηʥ
ҵ˺ֻܶ࣬Ӧ롣¥һݺõĲˮǰɫĲƮź΢֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊһ֧ӣ
ΪǵŵǮλһЩҲҪĶûиʲôŵȴΪԼ
ˮðɫˮ΢ԣɭŴ̧ͷ͹Һ
ûҪҪļ֯䷽һȫбȹҸʵⶫŽ󻯡
֪⣬Ҳ֪˭
˫ɫ۾·͸ϽͻȻ٣һ˵ҰǵԼˡ
ûУؼʱѹ˵˻ȥ
ʵǲżĻҲǷǵʹGǱڰϷѡУҵĻֿԻȡĳЩǼĿƼ
ɭĲˮֱӻγ϶𾪵ؿų¥ſʼϷѾ֪ˣ
ڰϷûжһͬ곤
ðɣǶҡ¥һھַ£ѻĲùܡ

飿
ûСɭٲСˣż򵥵ĵ곤һżµı
šͷһ¡
Ѿ˵ǾҪͿˡڱĵطϴ罾òˣﵹԼƢ뿪
㵽˭ˣȥ·ϣͻȻ䣬ƭңѡ
ɭĬ˻ҿ𣿡
ûѡ񡣡ҿ԰㡣
Ϊʲôɭǳɣ֪ġʵ
ΪʲôֻڵҰǡͷҰССգڰϷÿ춼ڸ£ȴһˮ


28 
ҲЩµ塣ʨԭſڵ̺, Ӵס̺ƯĻɫ
ȻΪ˻ȥҪȥҲҪȥ
ʨ̫, ֻʣ޻ǺҲΪ
⵹ǡ
¥Цҡҡͷٲȫǡ
޻Ǻӵɺܶ, Լϲ㣬Ҫ㻷ٱҪһطʱ֮š
ʱ֮ŵļ͸ˣҪǼԾ͸, ʵֱᷳ˳ĸо
ô
󲿷ֶ, ûԴĳɱҲòԴбҰǣһϵĵط
ԣܸܲıҰǣҲиԴĿռ䡣
˵Ҳֻһ˳, ֶΪأ
ʨƹݿı仯лǺӸص˵ı仯⵹ǣҿǵ״̬Ǻࡣ
ɵ״̬ӻǵĻ¥п
Ҫָǰ, ͵ʳĳֻҩ䷽ѾϷĽƷͿ˭ˡ
Ұǵľס߰ٷ֮ʮ϶Ǹ߶Ȼ, Ǳ˭Ҫҩ
Ļ⣬ǽͷӰ, ֮ٿȫҲ׵öࡣ
¥ج, ͷ۵룺ǿɡ
, ˣ뻷Ǻӣӵʲôû, 㶼Ҳõص㡣
ԻǺӵĸŸոտʼ, ˮǱøɾ, ǺӰǹͺͺһ㲻ۣҲѺá
¥һͰ˻һεԸ
Ҫһֲ԰ֲ֣԰ûˣС԰պϴպϰɡ
軨̳еǱģЩ˵ͬһ˳ֵ£Ҳһѹͷš
ҪֲԨ¥룬ҡҡͷȥԨ֮ǰȥһ˴󺣣Ѿоĸѡ
ǾߣؿʼָôǲҲӦøˣ
Ͼƹݱźһ̿ȥһ˺ףúźıֳجġ˵˶׼²ൺ͸ء
ʲôź濾ĺӶ𣿡
¥ս̾
ĸȻѾ֣һЩʧȥڻָԶˮⲻ˽ʡΪ˻ȡʳҪءһЩغĹҾͿʼĥǳֲˣרΧ˹졣
Ǹܰϧˣϧ֪¥û̼ŭɶվҵ
仰Ժ˵¥̯̯֡
֪ΪѣһԸ
¥Цˣ֪ĸѺʵѾסˣֻһ̨¡
аɣ̨ף˭Ǻõܵܣ
һҧϵʳվ
Ǵ


29 
޻̳
ôޣ
Ұǵֱ޻̳עҰǵĳ, ޻̳ɲǡ
Ա£޻̳˼һ㡣
ǺдӶζ֮䣬ֲľĵط, ǻߵʯܵȷ̳ĵطˡ
ҵܹյĵط, Ұǵֺܼ, ԿѡֲҲ̫࣬Ҫֲ, ֲ̫ʳüֲֵ̫
Ҳ̫ˡŵ͵ĵ, ￴ʩĵ͵
Ǯһ˲䡣
ҰǵͦеģʲôɣͶ׳һŵŹ˶
˿ɲЩ곤˵, Ǯ, гǮ׬
Ϊõ, ҲΪСǮǮͷһյĵƹ, ˺򿪻еʼ
ھ档ӵߵĵҲȾʺֲ
곤ҪС԰ģ֪ĺӶɹ̫֪仯޳, жֲҰ𣿡
Χ۵˿Źڿӣǵɫֵ֪Ǯĺ, ټЩֲķ, һ붼ۡ
Ǯˮˡ
ڿӪϴкܶ˹, ּĻ˳賵ϵĻݡֻǶ̫, Щ˰춼ûл, ֻȵš
иЧʻеİæܿ죬ʱ׶ֲˣžͿʼӪֲֲۣٸɵĲ޻̳
곤ƳɱķõĲϣһ㣬һʮƽҵС̳ˣ
С̳Ϊƺֲ֡
С̳мλȦĹõֲ
мɫǳֵЩҶëЩ֦˿еѾŷɫɫɫĻ
ЩľС͹ľΧƣžǸɫݲݺһƽĴƺ
Ưþٵģֲû
̳󣬲ƺҲСССƺȫйʯ׺жʯС·Ģ״ĵصƣĲŪһСľݡС߲һ׶С档
곤Ǵļ׶԰ģ
Сľܶͯźһ׶ϵĴҲ档
ССƺϻбģǸɫ񻨵ǧܣɶԴΰ壬Լ׮ʡ
ڱΧһ˴ֻǳ˵ṳ̂һ
곤ǲסһ̰ĺӣԶ綼йɹִϲöôƫ
һǮеĴӡһ͵Ůش͵µ⡣
͵¾ȵؿ
ô￴ңҿǵĹߡɿЦţȵ̳޺ãĿøɾɣ
ġ͵¿϶
ܶ࣬³ֵʲôϷҪ˽⣬վŻ̳ڹһͣͻúܷɡ
ǸϾֵħ
°ʱ䣬̳ҲԽԽࡣмѾ̲סһȥСľȥˡ
ס֣ἷģǷɣݡ
Ҳ
ȵȣСһȵƺҪЩˣûʲôáҲ⡣
ǲǹˣҲѾȥˡ
Ǻ滹ŶӡСľﴫСе滹Сأʱһֻ񣡹Ȥ
湻˾ͳҿŶӵ˶ں
һֱ̫ɽûµ˶Χˣչ
ʱһ̳Ѿȫ޺ãЩڳĶ˳־ڻ̳߶ѳ˻õСɽ¡
컹
곤Ҫʮء
ǴгȶĿˣǴ߻еҲߴͶµĹ⡣
ԭΪ̳һƬڣû뵽ǵ۾Ӧ˺ڰ󣬾Ϳֲ̳ʲ۵ĲɫĹ⣬С̳Ⱦͯ硣
һֱڻ̳ߵĿ͵΢ţ˵
ԭǻǺ˵Ĺ߿ɿɸʧ̬
ǡҹֲ
̫ЩҹֲĹʵ̫΢̫Сˣ˸оǾͺʹһ
΢Ĺ⣬ȴչʾһֲڰյ
͵СԴӴӦ߹΢綼۵ĲݵһɫۣӲŵȥֲҪôҶƬ⣬Ҫôǻ䷢⣬µ֦ڷġ
̵ģƵģȵģģϵģġλõɫһ˼ҹ硣
˶סˣ곤ôֲ
ҵһ֪ҹҲô
գ۾
ʵҹⳡȫϢﾭܿʵһԿԽĲ࣬Ǿ
ˣǸûȥˣ涺̫ãΣավڻ̳ߵЩ˭Ҳûжйͨ˯ݵصĳ嶯
ڵص׾סҰ˸дСЩֲǣֵǯӻһһ׵Ųƻ˻ݡ
ɫĹ΢ںڰӿ֣ԽԽ༤ռžĵ硣һҩƿ׼ɱ
ԽԽԽԽ࣬úܡ
ڳʲôܾû˽﷢˻Ƶֻë׵צƿѻſڵʧܻš
ǵĹͶ΢΢ʪ۾Ǹɰصҹôչǰ
顣ҩƿڵϣѣҩһء
ԽԽĵص߳϶صȥΧССĻ̳ת
˵ĺӵҾãЩӵÿˡڡѨеǵһξԼĻҲô⣬ˮ
ʱֻЩ׼˳ʲôļһƣ﷢ЦвǮ档ҲҺǸɵӣҲлаơ
˵Ӻһ׼СۻҶƬƹֲˡ
žһ׼ȷ
͵һ˭˭͵Ϯүң
Сֲ̳ˡ۾λĻ͵ֻ߳һ̵ߣ괹֦ľ޷Զ֦Լʶչ
תҪӣȴһӣ֮ǻ̳¿ѵطţ·ʲôĴ졣
֮ûж
صһܿ췴ӦһҪƻ̳
ɱ
𣬻Ūࡣ
ڶռλС﷢Ǹùùմһ¶ƤͰ͵ģƺʮ꣬۾Ҳʧȥɣ˻š
á˸֪ôµĵһߵ
ôûŪ
ô죿˵ٴο̳۾ֵгһ죬٣ǵ곤ΪǽĻ̳
Ϊ䣬صȻ谵ûһƬڵĳ̶ȣҹֲûгչ֣еҲܾϲˡ
Щ·̳˶СģȥκһƬҶӡ
ϻǻҶƮ䡣
һƬۻƵҶƮ䣬·˹ľɹݵأƮƮһ氧˽űߡ
ûгŵĶʯ˳ˣһʯͷϡ
ʯ˼ڽűߵҶ̧ͷŶΰǧˡϺ˻һȥЩʩһֱϲЩ
ȫ̳޺ãҹĵص׻ʲô
һܺÿҪų


30 
Ǻӱ˵һ̳, ƹƹҲһ־ơ
һֱ־̫𡣡곤һɫľƣ־ƴȻĻζζǵͶȵķ۾ƣȺ׾ƽӽ, ڸҲӽζȫһ
ζͨ, ʳζ̶ܴȡԼǿڸƵķ۾ƺ׾, ȵʱҲȫͬĸоǵζɫ
곤ͷűȻķݺͻ۷ҷ·԰
¾ƺͻ̳ɣ
һ־, ƹݻ񣬶ʮõ͡ʧ˼ɱŮСԲµԱ
곤, ûвŮظѾȫˡ
ҡ֣Ҳҡ
Ұûܣ֪ܿɱŮ˾ƹԱȥ, ղ̫
ʲôû, Ǻ֮, ƹݵ곤Ͳͨľƹݵ곤ˡ
࣬Ұǲ̫ȡΪ, ѹ˽˶ԹȶûУҲʮĳλá
ȴ, Ҫȥ鷳
һҪסĽŲڰϷʼĵ죬һɹͨϷҳˡ
뿪ʱ, ҵһһɨ赽֮ǰ뿪ĵط
Ƥ֬⡢ѪܡɨһĿֲ, ҶġֻһЩţһЩȥ
ǳ, ȫ綼
ͬǵһҵϺҲصסĵط
, ڲӦýϺ, ɫӲļ׿Ѿʧڶʯǰһ׷෢ˣһ۵ú㲻֪֮ǰʲô
ʯ˿ֱϵ飺ûˣˡ
ҰǸ߲㷴ӦѸ٣ɳһǼǻعҡ
ǵһʱ䷢Щ˵ı仯ЩԭǻصһûΣǴ˿ֻһûκη
ѯʹϷ顣
޷˵Ϸľݣĳر޷κʽϷϸ˵һ飬ǿ͸¶¡
ͨʼϷõ֣֮һƷأпûֹġ޸ҩֻ˵ģƷл޸ҩ䷽֮⻹пռԾɳĮ̻ƵĻ
ҴϢøҵˣⶼҪļ
󲹳Ҫ㣬䷽ͼ۵ģǻᱻֳɼʮݡƼļ۸Ƚϵͣ߿ƼȽϸߵľͻܹ󣬲ҡʬס
л޸ҩ䷽ۻʲôۣҪõ䷽
ҲֻкϢ
ʮ֮һǸͳƳĳϷͨʡ
̫ˡԣЩ˱ˣӦ˵̫ˡ
ͨϷΪʽ֮Ҳ޷һݣÿʮ춼ҪǿƲμһϷȻԼʱоҲ漸Ρ
֮Ϸһαһѡ
ȷЩ޴Իһεˡ
߷գջ
ҰҲͳϡﱻѡеҶ࣬ͨϷҲܴ࣬ﵽ߷֮һ
زеĿɲռ䡣
δЩҪռҪλôӵиҵҰǡ
ĺһôǲ㱻ɱǴΡ
ҪһЩ˶˵һ֧ӵо޴ǱĶ飬뼰ġ
ǾҰǻϵש
֮꣬뿴ҰǱϣ롮ӵи֤
һعϢֱѹµ곤Ļ̳ѣΪպ֮յŻ⡣
ͬʱҲΪ˺ܶ໢Ż⡣
ںڰϷĿν㣬
ڰϷĲٿǻΪʲôôͣϷṩĶҪģ
ɫĿռղڿ𵴡
ָлǿҵϢͷšǰװġ塯Ʒ䳲ѨǷֹϸµȼ
λߵŭ͸仯Ϣرλ߸֪ѹͼ˲£ұ粵
ĺӳ֮ͻʷֿǿ׳ĺḻӪʳ֮Щѡ֮ӻڳʱ򿪷ǿϢء
ֺ仰ǳģԣС֡
ӵи߼Ϣصλ߶λпǵŮҲ̳ʣøԴΪϲˡ
̬ɾҲѾ弶˰ٶ꣬еѰʵϵͻơ
Ӹֳ
ǵжһֱûͻƣϲѾпұΣΣĸǻԽӼҡ
ΪʢŭͷϢأرĶСֻ˾һ˵˸޷ʱ򷢱
һֱǿϢɢǲһԼ״̬ǲ亹ڰϷһΣպǳȵġҪģôЩҵĻϷȤζ
ڰϷоżĸ߿ƼǶ۲Ĵڡṩĸ㲻ʲô
ðɣȷʵûʲô˵ġ
ܿҵһĵ㣺ҲܽյڰϷźŰɣΪʲôֹЩ֪ڣҪǮӵ
Թֹû취
ͷ֪ϷھͲܲȥ˾ͲܲԣԶ˾ͲûԼϲãϲþ޷ע˹ע׷ĳ˻߳Ϊרҵڡ
ΪṹܴһȺϲš¿ϡʤǿֱǩˣǸ


31 
ߵķâ
˵ڰϷһоųļһٻʿһ˾ͻһϣ
иСݡңľÿɱһˣһ㡣˵״̬޵еġ
սϣ˹¾ƺסĵ˫۾˹㣬ȼյս⡣
òõĵлϣ˹¥ϵĺɫ޷ԶɢͷĹƻ
統ꡣϣ˹ӿԾ£Ť󣬴Լļγ
Ϸȫ⿪ţҪȥֻһƷֻʽõʮ֮һ
Ҫȥг֮ᱻͨݳ
ҵϣϣ˹ӶɽʬסɢȥһƬתĻ硣սΪԼξξĹѾɱˡ
ʶдɱγɵĹ
һǿ
ϼɽʱɱļħˣһǿıѹ
Ϊ֮Ѿܾûôսҡ
˳һæɡ¥ЦЦἫˡ
ЩᷳĳӽϷҪɱҡˣһɱһǱˣһѣǳΪϸսʿ
ս˵츳ͳ˧
սյþƣá
սĳҹİһѪ죬ӳհ
־ᶨսʿǿǿսս
Ƶսʿһ
ҽ
ս񲢲ƺƴĳԣЩ˵սʿǱһεbuff
ѵõǣսϵʿõ棬ЩںڰϷܶͬף֡
սս񣡡
սΪżͰ񶼸ӦĴڣһͬ˯ıսѹħҲ֪ѵϢ
ĳ߷׷ѣѹħҲ
ˣҲȥɡ
¹µĻĵûκζֻƮӰӣдɵս
ںɽɺڷħ¶ص΢Цܸˡ
ƮӰӷٵȥǻҪֵ硣
Ϊø֣ȥԨǸһɡħӰɢȥ
һֵġΪĵ»ˡ
ۿһСħѣ˼Խ֣˯еɻڹ
вǰǰϲꡣ
ûж
Ǿٿ
仰˵꣬ξٴιƽ
һУһŲ֪ǻںڰϷı仯ҰǵÿͷҲʮ֮˾ŶǺڰϷء
¥ԴһΣһ˵źڰϷ²ؼͨˡ
Ұǵʵ̫ˣһۿȥƹѾкü
Ͳ͹ŮСԲһһܲڿУѾ⻹й֮ս¥Լ԰סǿˡ
ͷʦŰпڳſڣƺܾƹõ֡
¾áûС
Ǽ˵ֵ÷зġ
ܶɱ𣿡
ڰϷ֮ݾбϷɵ˷׷ɱͬʱһЩԼĲҰĲļһǴӺڰϷ￴ԼĻᡣ
ڰϷӭ˵һĸ߷塣
Ҫ˵ģǸƽĻſ˹ڻǼºպս֮Ѿٽ
ɱģڻ·Ϯ
Ϊ¥Ĵڣܶ鷢˸ı䡣
Ǹξһֱʮսϣ·ϮС
ҵĶƼ¥˼ûϮǸŵľǸҸ߲ڼ֡
ϣǰںڰϷ涯֣˽¸¡
һٶ겿ҲǷչٵġͽв߲ҪǸٽֵĽһ
ЩʵǶ޸֮һЩרҶ֣γɹҶǿ˶ЩıӻǼʻٽ͵ù
¥ë΢ĸ֪ɢȥѰ٣һɲԹˡ
ǻתţǳ֮˺ڰϷתʹʧ
ѾϰˣöлĶΪϴЩԨĺлǺѪ
ߣɱߣֻ꣬ʶǲĲӣɢˣ÷ҵĹʵڸӣǸٽǱȽ۵
ߵ·ߣֵӶߣֺóɢҹͬͨأǰ;һƬá
¥ֿһĽƷʣ඼ǸҪļƬΡ

ĬĬ˸õĺɫǩһѱΪõĺɫǩγԱȡ
õĻõģûи棬Թۡ
Ϸÿʱÿ̶ҽȥѹϣ
һۣջظ֪
˵̶ܶʽҳŻߣ곤Ҳ𣿡ƿһ˿ƵϷš
¥һۣóƺ
ӡ


32 
εΡ
εΡ
, ͨѶϢʾϣĿĳ¥ۣͨѶ
뽫ת
֮ССļϡ
ţüûжʱ˼, ֱ˺ռ, һ̤, ˲ӹӰ, Ǻ, һŲȽĳ˿Ƶųƾת
¥ڲķСͬĸǵͿЩ
ĳ߲, еŬ, ﻹץһԿԽǼͨѶĶͨѶ
Ŀϵͳƻ, ʾֻʣӲĵʱ
ֻߵˣϣǡܴµĶ, ǿμȥ

ͻȻﴫײ͸ʱʱõתϵͳ˶˵񾭽ʵûˣֻķ
һӰ֡
곤һѪ, ͷּѺ˾ȵؿ
¥͵ǰûдصķ, ûдͷ, ж, ֱ̼Ŵ, ԼԳֻþ
ͻȻ˵üϬֻʣһļǹ㵽˭ȡ𣿡
ɼǰ곤ʵԡ
¥ɨһۣһԲزͷʡ
˱֪ڸʲô, ֪֮ˡ׷ɱǼܷѾǰ, ٶȼ, а
˵ᵽɤ, Ҫǡʶǰĵ곤ȴ곤չĶ׼Ͱɡ
εƵϣصĻе·𱻷紵ҶֻǰһһǵĹʹĴС
ûףϸӰ߽
ǰɣҲ̫ˣô𣿡
֣սװеᡣ
·һģģȥӰӡЩߣֺԶ
˼ѵժͷ֣ǰһôϤǸξңԶ
ǣգգۣҪһ㡣
ǰǵվǳʯͺϽŤŤĿȣǰصûоͷĽ
ӰһĽССĵƣҵƻ˼㷱ĤϣҲ
ǡҰǣţ༸ĳеǡ
û֪һ죬Ǹʲô£ֻ֪·ĳȺͻȻıйһϡ
ǸС͵Ľܳȥͨ籨ŵԱԼ׷˶Ѿʧˡһطǿµըƽֻʣһ촷ۡ
Ǽʷºܿ촫ĸǣɳľӢ˲أ֮ͳѧϢء
ʲôɶûֻЦ
һ죬ڻǼϰĲ־ͱ˴롣
ոɫ·ӭͷһƴϣŲŵʱ޶Ե˶ֹסӿĳޡ
Զһ졣
ţûнаʵûҪƽʸ񡣡
ĸǵѧ߽һݷݴѪӡ£ͷҧгݵѧϰ
óոյʱŵļǻӴؼҡڣʹˣ˲ڣʹʬǡ
ǳûõģǱǿ󣬸ǿ
֮ûжãbugĺڰϷʱǼʵشҲѡַΧ
ɶ񡣡ˤǲᡣ
Ǽʵ張ʵغŸֿϣǾˣҲһʽ
ҰǵľƹѾĴӺӴţǰڸ֮Ǽˣϱ
˶ٰûĻڻǼӣ
ֻиŮԺ󻹳ȥ𣿡
ȾƵĺһ£ȥȻȥ
һ̬
̨ĵ곤һаȾƣִָŽࡣ
ע⵽԰׵ɫ곤ǲﲻ
곤ľƣûʲôճƶѪ
˵ѹƣȶʱͨˣ
ѾˣҪǼʷ֮ͥǰȴԽԽ֮ǰæСܻͻȻ˸أ²˳
ǵļƻ
ҪһƤ
Ǽʣɱ¾ԽԽࡣ
ΪڰϷҡĹһƻͽ͡ϷԽԽ࣬ĳԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽŽᡣ
һײΪ˸Դ
תƷǮȨɫͨڼ飬ǽϷƻ˵Ľ̡
¥Ѿע⵽ڰϷΣأܻҲٴʣǼڼҲʲô⡣ܱͨԣϷ߲Զӡ
ȽϳѾɱս񣬾ֱͨطܲüʹһˡ
ɲУ뾡ܵø߼Ƽ䷽ʱֻһһż
Ϊ֮ƣҪôǼӴѶȣҪôǵ⼸ɱøż
ǰ߻ᵼһߣױԣ㲻üЩ˵淴ɱø
¥°꣬ȻǵĴɱȽϿ֡
ֹ죬ڰϷһν˵
ԭʲôϷÿνϷԼѡѶȣ򵥡ѡجΡ
ϷʸߣجϷߡֻ빶ˣҪĸҲˣǹڶ⡣
ڰϷԽԽƽˣҾϲֶָԾجεȼϷ˿ɿԣһ㣬ҲǺֱʱʱͿֵѲ콢ĻǲҪǮط
Ȼĺ֮ƶԽԽ
¥û취ˣæúܣ÷ֳȥƻǺӱߵĻ̳
ǺӱߵĻ̳Сˣдš
Ȼи˰ɣ롣
һ곤ȥ˻ǺӣŵȥģǴддõľˮʡ
á
곤Ϻá
Ϻá
ּŲñС̳ĢϷˡ
¥ʮΣܿȻûΣë׵Ĵã˵״̬ı鶼ܸо˿顣
ֹۿʵ˰
Ǻѽָյģӵʱʱܿһȥĵ͡ŸֵѧĵǺܿʱ䡢λ飬ǸЩֲΧĵط
¥˽ŲһȻϸ¹⻬Ļʯϡ
ҰǵĵһܰҲмûôܼ©һƬ֮ء
ĵطѵðյĵطǺܴһƬطһĶһӱĿ޽̳ĵط
Ӧ÷źβݣǵѶĺˮۼСˮ̶һһѾȷƷ
ͯ廭ǣñĥܾãڹ߹һ˪׵ëɫϰ˱ͯ⻨̳
¥ǰĻ壬ݸ
ǡֻСĹ¡
ֻС̬䣬һṷ̋ƣΪѡǡɭ֡Ǻ
ǡԱߵʯͷ£ֻСշɭ֡һҳ
ͼĹ԰ʱĿǰδеרע
Ű߽սۡ
֮ǰֻСĿͨ粻ͬɭ֡⹫԰òǦƵдʵɡڴʯͷǿյֻǻῨͨһ㣬Ҳֻһ㡣
׶񣬿ֹСҹޡ
ñַһҳ֮󻭸϶ɭʱͿѻһķ
¥˺ܶ࣬ȺȺбµĲݺͶһһǻصȺɻԥעһļᶨ
˶ͯ廭ΪԼַ̬˶࡮ˡ֫ԺͱԣεչʾǵײСԣԼ桢¶ɵǡ
ñߵżĲ
Ѿʾ߲ܻ͵жԵĹϵʳϵȴЯִͺڰӭ̫վһƬͯɭС⻭澹һֳƻֽ
½Сɭ֡¥ʼڻϡ


33 
ɭʲôĹأ
ʳϵ²ΪһΪ, ֮ǲŷ໥֧Ű֮ҹĶԷС
㵡ɡĬԥ
Ժпʼ˲ġ
¥һֱ֮ǱҺͳҵսҴͱ, Ҵº֪Ǻ˷ԳΪ, ͷ·սʤңڿ籩Ŀ֮ҵ
ٶԳ˵ԱֻСͯ
ɭ֡ņ̃ͷԲ۾ƺˮ, ϸûС
곤, ѡҪ޽Ļ̳𣿡
µģ
Ļҵġٸ߳ļ, ûеͶ, һѷֽ곤һͶ˺ܶ
Сպãȥıʼƻ˻, ֮ſЦһΪҶЩô, ԭֻΪǶѡ
¥û˵Ҳûб仯飬ȻȻôγԼǰżȻ
Ϊ, Լ, ǴƷɲá
곤
¥۾͵Ц⣺, ҴҪһ硣
ñԱ侲, ͷһ¶ģҲκαֻ꣬Ϊ, ֻҪһôͿԡ
˱ëϸеצսˣѾϤ˻, ҿ֡
һ, Ҫɱ, , λõҹͶ䵽۾ͻȻ֮, ˣҪȥ
ǵ곤˵ġ
ҵ顢شҲȥɵµ֧ܡ곤Դһ֪Ҳûϵ곤ҲûϵֻҪԵ곤þˡ
ûйʵĹǷ
¥պû壺̳ƶ˵ǳҪҲ״ӦĳˡȥɣȥƷʵ˵ҡ
վЩԵȡ
Ӻ󣬴ر໭
̳ƵĹ¥˳ȥ˸ĵʱ䡣е˺޲ԴҪκαֻ꣬Ϊĳ¥Լ˽Ķ顣
¥ˡ
Ż˻ڻʯʯϡ
վȥܿǸ޳Ӱӣ곤֪Լ˶ˣΪԼֻһӣֻһЩ㣬ֻǽ˼̳
곤ҽģ
곤ûлͷֻǻһ֣֪ˡ
˵϶ʱ̫õЦݡ
ڴĽĿУĳ˵곤ĵԱ
û뿪ȥвסҲûȥƹݹɭ̳֮
ҶԻ̳ûҪƯУÿǳɱ곤ֱʦϲּ׷ְ֡
곤ûҪȴҪ
һὫǺӵذ̳Ұķ羰Ųʦ֮
һһų̳һһޡ
ǺƽһױԼ
ԽԽֲ˵ҰǣЩϲֲͷżյĺӶΣϲҹֲڳ谵ĵط
ڰϷȶȲˣҰǵȴΪҰǵʵ̫ˣൽϡൽ¥ھƹݺһʮֵĳ̶ȡ
¥Ϊǻָ֮뿪Ұǻϼңû뵽󲿷ֶˡ
һȥҵļˣǸϰߴ
᲻õ곤ƺͻǺӡ
ʵÿϰ֣һֻΰࡣʱˡ
ǳ¥ϲĵλͱĵ졣
λ˭Ļͷ
¶Ѿ޷֤Ǻӱߵĵλȷáһλ󡯣ҪǺ׺ӵүүǺˣǶʯͷ߱ʲôռλˡ
ȵǺߵĻ̳޺ˣܲͻȻͶϲҹܡ
꣬ҹܡҰǺ͡һ˼
ΪǺѾĬҰǵġȫ˰ɣﶯֻᱻ׷ɱĺǣϷҪˡ
ΪʲôΪɱ˻˻̳ͺӵ
֮ܶӻǺ·̳޺õһעҪΪҰ˵ûŨīزʵһʡ
ʪ¶ˣ¼дֲҷҶĶ˶ĤˬġˮҶܵʱܴ磬ҹֲǾ͸һΡ
ˣҰǳ֮棬Щ̳
ɫĺ۷ģЩŲʵҹ׳桢Żɫݿǵţʹųҹɳ档
治֪곤ҵôҹĶֲ˵ܶﶼ𣿡
ǳ곤˵
ǵ곤ĳһŵ˶к
ɫʯʳȣ۵Ҷӣ洦ȡ뻭
ôˣҡǷۻᡯ¥߹һҹ磬̳ĹҲţ衣
ԴǱһܾ˳֮ӵҰǾʹֵġǱ򡯣ʮϵҾۼԺǷǷˡ
ԭҰзɵģĸңҰǵ˵˵ž̲סЦˡҰѹҲû϶
ϳòԳҥû¡
µ˼һλ¥
ʲôɣ죬Ҳ壬ֻﴵŷ硣
ϸɰʯܹܵһһӰûӦⳡ˼ҰǲкҹڰеӰ׹جΡ
꣬
ǵĸһȦСƣڵƹİΧȦбһԵԳ
ľӰƮҹⶼǸֵļӰֻиţ񻷳Ǻӵˮʡ
˵ڶ죬ˣ˷ֶֻ̳಻ʶĳӡ
Сĵ㣬ŵǡè׸ߵ׳˶ֻΪ˲Ųɼ¶ˮСһ
ˣôȸҲһ㲻ˡ
һȸҰǵص˻ΪԼΣǴ򿪴ǰȴǿŻֲǣ峺ˮվҸ質С
ⳡǵӰҲξģ֮Ұǵġ
û뵽Ǻӻģ۽ᣬԼҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻƲסԼ
ΪǴƽҰҰǣϣǳ˵ĵطͬ˵ŵ곤ԡ
˵ʲô
ϲ˲ϲܱοһˡ곤ҰҲĳЩ˵Ĳ;衣
ΪԵٳ
һ˲ԼרƺŶˡȻҰЩ˶Щ̾İǡ
ٳرΪСʱǰĸףҲϳҪе곤׺ͺҶõλ⡣
λõñȽֱףһٶ꣬һֱǳĺר˵ҰǻҲ֡
ٳϳΨһĶӣ͵飬Żһֱ£ˣˣȻҰǴɶȼֳСú߲̫ܶӡ֮λ᧿Σ
ϳѵĶ˭һûͻˣӦ£ΪҲǡ
ˣϷ̵Скɫ簴ȡ
ٳÿ۹⿴ЩΧĸ׵ƯŮϳע⵽ˣһ
ύЩϷңʲôӣʲôʱǣ
ϳֻǸտʼҰǾôңȻһ壬Ǳ޴壬㲻ȥύǣЩʱ㾿ʲô
ٳΪȻĸףЩҵĶϷϣǵĻִ붼ûԼҪĵߣЩֻϷá
ܲӰޡ
ϳҪνֻܱš̲סʣ֪£ЩΪʲô
ļٳɵʡ
Ϊᡣ
˴ͷٰģҵĹٷᣬҪμӱҪкϷݣҪôǹңҪôǺϷĶ
ҰڶǿģһֱϷ
ΪʲôΪһʼʮҵԴЩҲϣҰǶҪҰǱԼĹһֱҰǴڵĺϷԡ
ϳΨһĿ꣬ǰҰͽϷϯλӡ
ԼӣȴЩʵץŲӣָһǳɫӡǡ
ϳץӵĶһһ䰵ҲǸû
ٳһȻ֣ĸ˵ʲô
㶮˵ʲô
ͻȻ밲ٳףЩؿϳ
ϳֻǶ̴ٵЦһǺƽȷԼľȷģ
ǡ
ãԼӵ޷ŭʧ߰ɡ


34 
ֹһ, ڼյıͻȻĸ½Ұǡ
һͿ쭵ʮȵģʱڴӶʮ˶ʮһ, ֮󻺲, ҰѾһ¯
Ұǵ˳ŵʱȽͣͬʱҰǵˮҲʼ¶Աȸߡ
̫ˡʨſڵͷ, ¶ȸľŶҪڻ
èƶȮơ¥б̨űˬɿڵʿ֣һ߰ѡӱľᵽǰ۵λá
ˮѾ», Ϊ֮ǰ̫СˣŲô־ƺʳ
÷ƺɣؾƵļѾȥˣƷɡ衢÷̶ټϱܡٱɲݡöӼ񡣡
˴θŮСԲ, ĳòһνչٵ緹ûŵģŵ԰סĵ곤԰̾˵Լˡ
ͶιŰҲ
˱, ַźҪʳĺ;֮󣬳¥ͨѶ˱ص
, ΪҶţֻĥʱ䡣
Ϊ䲡𼲲ȥ̫ˣϷҰǵٴδﵽ¸ߡ
¥е㻳ɣЩҳ֮ҪһΡҰǵ¶ȸߵöˡ
ôǶôģǰûԶµĻǺӡ
̫ˣȥ滷Ǻӱ߳ɣ
ɸ߸߹Ѱ, ȵûƢŮŮ
Ǹ, Դںӵ¶Ӫ¥ȥһ, 谵ĻǺӱˣΪԼͣʬ䡣
Ұһʮȼ¼ĳ·ڻòҪȥϢСƵ
Ŷǵˮȣѹֹ㲥һ˴ôҴڼﲻҪš
ûʲôãǻǳˣΪռǺһ˴μܡ
ɹĵϲ죬Ҳޡ
ҰǵĽָܼȣ⣬ȴ赲¶ȵڻǺӸ֮ǰ滹ɢŨҵĶǸʱȥΪȲѡ
ȴһ
ĺõĻǺҲ֪ʲôأȵĸ죬ĺˮɱģߵĻ̳Ҳˬ
Сӱߵ㣬ڻ԰Сľζɢ˷꣬ʱСһۣ
ǺӶεĵЧ̫ҪҰǽ£Ҫ̻ľ
ҰǴĶеط̻ʨ˵Ҿľ̻ҲֻܽԺĸ£ܻڵʹడ
˭˵ûУˣƻ
¥ϣæϵߡ
ھڡɭֱ֡ϵǱƺæ˵仰ʹæҶˡ
ôˣʨͻȻ˼ĳ¥
ϳΣȡǱߵˣϳûоȻ֮ҰǶøְɡ
ϵǰŰϳ˥ߣŰΪԼ׼ٿ⡣
ŵ˳
ϳǻô
¥Цɡô
ľһ˹ȵŤ¥оԼǶˮȵĿʮ֡Ϣ
ûʲôˣǰÿ⸽̯İ´ͨ鶼ڣƹߵĵҲţвյġ
ڡ
Щưܵ˵شȻڵĹ
ѭȥֻתǵĵطһӹˣͷ϶г֣ܵɫӷ׵ķ
ǱũҩװϸĽͷ
ɫˮͷڳһĽϣܲ˵¥ɣڶһƬȥһȻͿֱӳԿˡ
Щһ·
¥һʼΪҩġˮ絽ĽϺܿͳһ״Ľʣ֪Щ豸±ġ
곤ôȳˣ
ǿ͵µ£ǸСһĸ֡ԭǲֻҪ׷˰άΰҪ顣
ڹ
ߺСһ΢ʧǰҪ¶Ľ豸ϱ㣬۱ܿͻҪһΡ곤أ
ȥ档
ȥǺӱ𣿡
˵⣬ˣǺӱ̫ˣȻһֱڶʮȣʮȡ⼸춼˴ȥ˯ϧӾ곤ôģ
¥Ҫ˵
ҶҶڿƼ԰ɣٺ٣ǵ곤ȥɣʵ̫ˡ
ʮӺ󣬡ɭ֡
ǻǺӶιĻ̳ÿϲòһҲܷĺÿû۾
Ϊɭ֡Ĵ԰ȫĻ̳ģʽ硣
һ沣ƽˮ̶ĺĹɵǳ̲ɫҰɫɫɫɫˮˢĹϪʯǳݺˮرߣͱ̵ԲҶƼǳɫСһ
ֱ߸ߵ͵洦ҵֲǰΧ
һƬۺϵģǱſĲʵǸ߸ҡڲͣĺɫëǻβݡɫëһƬǻƽ޲ݣһʯȸβ
Ტǿ¼
ԶǸ߸ߵɫĴ֦Ҷïաͬ಻ͬߵ͵ľγһƬľɭ֣Ϫˮݺ䡣
죬ɭ֡⻨԰û˹·ϸذѲݴԷһҲĿ鱻ȹ
õȵϣɭɫ׵Ĺ⣬¹ǲܿһϸϸɷɫ̦̳ɵС·һֱͨɭС
˵ɭǻῴһʯɹ¹⣬ϴЦǡ
ɭ̫ˣС·࣬ķ羰Ҳ࣬С¹ӡ֮С飬׾پܰ˹ȥܼʳϵ֮١
ûһĶ𣿡ӱҰ˺һһһէ
ռչ
ǸϷռ䶼ʮֵĿռչ
Եĵ곤֪˶ǮȻİһԭʼϢɭְᵽҰǡҰ㲻ǡܸغƴ
˵˵ĵطʪ졣
߿ɿھҲǵһԴӸ٣Ұǵ˷ĺôɿɾɭԱȦССĵء
ҲһҰͲСľε񣬶˾ԣ˯ҲǷʱҪ뿪
һξҲͦõġ
ϳǲ𣿡
ɿɵľͷӣǶë÷ı죬һֱģԵþһԭľɽʯɹ֮Ķĥ
ˣɽʯСȥ̫鷳СЯľ顣Ŀǰƻľ
ĽʦġͬӣСճۺڴã˵곤׼ľϾ͸ˮɣĥҲܳԡ
䣿ɿҡͷҲǿ¶ȽĶȵ磬л㣬ûϳǵĳפռ
ҵĵ̣治ҪȺˡ
Сû˼˵Ѿǿɿɵ̣ΪѾ곤곤ҲںЩ
ʱĵ곤Ѿɭ⹫԰Сɡ߹
¶Խо¶ȣ˿˿ģµĲľζ
ԾۼҲġȦҰǿĸˡȨĸ߲ͷʢҡϷͻͶ䵽ʵоԽԽǿ
һҲطɣҪһҧïܻԡ
˲˼ѹһСƬɫصƲݣɼֻë׵۷䣬Զɭбɳһɫݺݽ߳˳ȥ
ϴүЦһۣͨĴˡ
ܵ˼ֲ֣
ΪǹԹΧԽ׳һΪòع

Ϊˡ
߹Щɫɫϯ۵ɭֹ԰Ļƽش˴Ұ¶Ҳˡ
߿ɿɵУ¥Ѿˡ


35 
߱ߺߵ˴к, ¥ܿߵ߿ɿǰ˺ĿôľɿС𣿡
СƿԾ죺곤
Ŀɿɵô
¥شӱóһϵ˿Ĳݱ, żźĴƻ˱ǵС棺ðãϣɿС㲻Ҫ֡
С㶢ĴƻС, ۾ֱˡ
ɿ֪϶, һֱ̿ˮС㣬ȥһ
С߳ȥ, Ͽżªţеʧˡ
˲ɵ¶ʧ顣
, һǧĶأʮꡣ¥򿪵ӵͼ, ָűݻٺһֱûؽżɽ
ȿȿȡɿû, ԼˮǺ
¥΢ƽһż˵
Ұĵطڽ󣬹ȫ޽ȴһֱûж
ǶĿɣ
ｫݻٵóף¶̤ˡԳ˵شĲ漰ϳǣ漰˸߲㡢͵طĹߡ
һ, ľͲ, ͻѰ졣
ôû, ҲԼ뷨ġ
涪ԵӰЩ鷳ľǵ߿ɿɡ
ΪػҪ, Ե߿ɿɵĻȨġҲǳ¥ԭ
ȻѾµ, ɿҲͲҴ, صʹ, , һǴɳֳǸĽ๦ܽȺԭԭ
ǣɿСԼ뷨
ԭû뷨ǵ곤޺úӱ߻԰ͻȻ˺ܶ뷨
ΪǺӵı仯ͻȻЩʣùҹҪиĸı䡣곤ĳ̶ȣΪŬ
˵ҰǣҲá
޳ɹ԰ֻûǮǳ̹ϣֱӸԼѴ
ϳǡв㡢͵³ĸƶģȫضȻߣȼýġ
ҲǻǺ޺֮󣬵ͻȻ߿ɿɵ˵ǮΪײˣǿǺӵġ
ǮҪٵһ飿Լ֪ܡ
ȻȨöɸˣܣٳǸֱ
곤
ѷת޸ôɿСҪ԰ҿȥɽ
곤ʹóʱǹɳȿɿʵ̫ˣϲԵĿɿɶ̲סоѣ
ֻǱǡɽεġ
ǿɽ
곤ʲôƻ𣿡
ɿɺõĵ곤ʺǿģҲܷԣðա
ɽֺʪء¥𰸣Ұǵ̫ˣ¡
ش֮⣬֮С
˵곤û˻˵£ǿɿԼǶˣҲԡסΪ
ɿɱһۣһͨ˵Ӷ׬ļۡ
۸Գ¥˵ѹģǰʱʱŵļȻñˣ˶࣬ջĽǮҲܿɹۡ
ֱҡ곤֣졣
ɽ
԰УɽҲУЩҶдЭϡɿСһΪˣôÿɿСʧ
ŵ곤Ȫ۾ɿɵڵ˲ˣϰ̿Ҫֲסˡ
ҰǵյһͷԵϢٵѾȥ˽ء
ΪʲôֵϤУͺʲôʱһ
ʮ˫۾򵭶ӱĵ곤
ԣҡ
̫ˣƹƹݶĳˣĿȻҲӱľƣජ̡ɿǹˮٱ
Լ۸񰺹쳣ζģüţ̡֮İʳıܡ
Լѡɿ߱ʲôϺɫǹˮ
ɫŷơ
׶εĲ׵ǴĴŽζĵſȡݺͲݮζɫȻɿͲɫϿͨɡ
һɫŷƵۼ18õ㣬ǮƵԼĶһݸӡ
ȵļֻʧȥζ١
˿۵ĿڸУǴŴ̼⣬дͱɵִڸУͱǾ䣬ɿУǾ͸ˡ
ֻҰ˴ʹجεļһܺٱж˼ۡ
곤ûҿôƵš
ҰǵŮһ涼ǵĵطһ󱭼һȦˮҹˮҰŷƺͰƤϡ
ͺá
ˣ곤ҪҰ·߹滮ѾˣϳǺ͵³ǣطܾ׼͵ſڣסڴƹݵӴ~
ĻǣȻƯָС죬ɰɰϡ
ϿֱųԣЩڡ
˫Ӷȥ֭һڣͱһɨ⣬¶ϲεı飺áúóԣˣ곤˵ʲô
ûʲôϲͺá
ء곤ó԰ҴûгԹôóԣôˮŮСԲԵÿڳݲ塣ҲһڿУ˵ӣǹƤһҧȥ
Ա߻Ѿâٱһۺ춹ɲݡ
˿ˣ԰סǿˡ곤ʹļס
곤㻹ȱԱ𣿲ҪʣԾСŮã˵Ŀˮٲˡ
ΨһƳˮһСƬֻҪһõ㡣
˼۸ֽʣˮǵȻҲŹҪǾƹÿʮŴϣܱɰĴԵĵϡ
Ĵϣƹﻹʮܻӭƽ衢÷ɲݡ
곤һۺ춹ɲݣǣһۺ춹
װͷĨСܲÿ˹Ѿۺ춹ɲݣֵ˵ıֺɫ͸ŲľСƺرħ
ݵ곤˵ĳֲ֭ģ׽ʡ
һ룬ǻ۰
ֹƺԥǲԤԼͥҽ
ʳħԱߴСĿ͵һûԾŴ󱭵Ĳݮţ̱ԵĵڶҪƣֻǵڶ
Ǿѻѣ⼸ÿ쿴˶ĵ곤̲סʡ
ҵͬѧ͵˵
ѡ˹䡣
ԭѡ곤ͷ
͵ºͿ˹ı鶼̵ģ˭ѣ
͵üң϶
һôҰܿλףʮ¿Ĵͻף㻹ֻǸٿöƴյĺɫɣ˹༥
»Ҳ򲻹ҡ͵Ц
ƴյĺɫף
곤գ۾ҰǳģǧǾ²ָӹٵǸɫף
зźϧСǸס
ξǼܺɫɲͬƴյģΪªα˳ЦͰģȴΣյʱסָӹΪʽԴҰǡ
ǣսս̫󣬼ȱĲࡣ߾һӣսһ浹
ҰȫԱÿһ˶־
ʵпᣬ̫ǿˡ
ǹעһȵǽӽҰϿգҰǰûжùķ֣Լ͵ȫ
֮󣬰սѳǣҰԼʹĴΪȡʮ졣
ʮֵķɴ뿪ˣжͯԱϺļදֲӺ̥⡭
ҰǱŭɱ죬
´ˣ͵£ɿɡкܶʶģˡǵѪĽϣ۾ֱֱա
Ұǵرտ
û˲Ľûӭҡڵĸ˿ܣҲûˣʲôûˡ
곤
ţ곤ع񣬲ŷֽСѾԼҧˡ
СܲúͿ͵»ڰ죬ʢδȴһըǣһǧжǽӣȥ޻ء
֪Լһȥ޻ء
תԸǽıһķɫģСѧּдšлѵͺˡȻͿдϡǣ
дֵξԥץ
˯ܴӴϹŵء
ΪѧУĴ̫Сһϴݹ
˻һһڱϣ¥촽
ʲôȥ޻أⱲ˭Ҳȥ޻أúõģһҲ١


36 
ʮһ㡣
һӪҵ, ʳĿҲ˴룬еıܼȫꡣµģְϲá
֮곤ȺһϢҪռչûѵ¿׻
𣺽˯ˡ
һž˰ĹҴ, ֮ͣʩӣ档
ףһӶĹ˼Ƴ, Ҫķ档
ǶŸرĸȷ, ðźˮ, ġ뵽곤ĸ߱Ͷĸ², ǵǺ˱ˮ
ҰǱԵ, Ųס
վʱĻ, ӴͶԵ·˾޴ƻ, Ȼ׾ٵشݻٳǽ, Ұǡ
ķѪѸøɾ, ڵ곤ṩ˹˿ķ֡
ǻſĺӣʬõġ
˵Цȥô, Щҵ˵ʬǾȻһֱû, ôгɡ
֣һ˼ڵϵԺǵĹĹġ
㶫
ʮɢķУдͻеæ, ǿСʱ, ܹ˺ܶ, еĴԱķ֣ЩֱűӾˡ
ιιҪʲôǽ
ʲôɶŹɣ
ҪᣬæġΪ׵Ĵ󺺲һſĺӣ̫ˣƤںһƬִ߹
æ˴ԡ
ԣ˵ˣ곤Ҫ￪µ̻ءЩ˶Ըæģǵһġ
ǵġһżª˵
ҡ
ҰһʮѾٵʣʮˣǶæлСλϷҡ
Ҳ
ʲôҲң
˴ⱲӶûֳ뵽ǵ곤־һкܺ
ҲΪ곤ЩʲôûʲôǮֻһ
Ǿ鷳ˣкܶΣյĽƬʱûз豸Χж߻е곤ҩϡǧǿ
֪ˡ
û⣡
һͳȥһȺȺ˾ۼڷѡԸæԽԽ࣬ˡ
ºܿ촫ҰǵϣҲ곤֪ˡ
Ϊ׼ıٶʮˮҲ䡣ˣҩñӡ
û⡣ŮСԲ֣͹ȥ
ˣԳ̡
ŮŴƳˣ곤̧ͷȵա
ɫѲ߶߹ȥ豸㡣ǣûκһˡ
ҰǵˮѾߵ׵ĳ̶ȡ绹ãܶ˶̫ܷ豸ˮס˴ҵĲӡ
ҲܹԼģҰǱϾȾأߵĵˮҪ˾ãԳɱҲˡ
ڣˮӣҰȻˮĹˮҲһսԼֻܵ߼۸ҸӦս
곤ͷż˸ֱľˮƣ̾˿ּһľƣȪˮ1õ㣨һidʮƿ
һϣƹƹݿʼϵűҵ׼ȷ׵Ŀͻλáһز幫ûơ
Ȼ޵ֻбˮǼӾġ
곤Ϊ˸ͱˮɣԼĵķŵزᣬһӢۡ
Լģ
ڶ죬һëԼĵһڸ콵ˮѡȻֻһ㡣
곤ľٶٴΰѰ񣬴ӻǺζʢ磬ٵؽ͸
ʵ̫һѸ߲ԼҴãڶˬҲ֡˵Ǹʵ߿ɿɣһ˾;ˣƾʲôһ˾ǸƵģ
ſɿ˾ٳʣѷĽֳǡҹǡ֮ءҰǳΪġ֮
ΪĴڣɿɲ¶곤
ٻ
ʵϡɿƵشǵң߲ϣе³ǹ߰ͬľ֪ʲô⣿
ʲôǣͶһ̥ʲô⣿ʲô⣿
֪֪ΪʲôΪҰǿԺϷǸ˿ԡ
žɿӵĻҰȷʵҪϷʵģǹģ
ֱ
ܺùͷԡ
ȥٳܻˣɿɵˮ治Ұڶ࣬ҰǵĻᣬαؼһʱ߽ݾ
ߣҺûͰ©ˡ
Ҳǵ곤г⣬ҶˡɿԵõ룬ѡǵ곤ŵġ
ʵһʼ³ǵİҲǺš
ûбİ취ʱĿɿɳ̾һСⲿҪɡ񵺡ɹˣҰǾˣܵǰɣ
񵺣ǰ¸вߵҲ롣
񵺲ĵ죬һģǷģӸ²ƯͯͯŮȨֵĵط
ʱôͣԶͯƵıߣôЩˣݷɿ̼͡Ȩ׼
Щڱ޷⣬ͰĿͶҰǡ
Ұǡһ֪µİѾȺҹڡΪֳѾƣԭٳʶ̡
֮ǰʮۻЩԴ˺ˣ¶һײ޴
³ͱ˱ԣ
ǡɿЦһϲʲôˣûߵҲȥ
ֻٳҿԾܾ漰ʵ̫ˡɵ곤ʱҸɴˡ㣬ô
ΪҲѡ곤
ǿɿõǩȫ̡
ĿɿϰϻŶȣ̲סӳǣߣԺ˭УһԲԡ
ҲҪ
ҰǣǴƽҰϣǳ˵ĵطɿ仰˫ס곤ĺ˧
СҧľʼԼϰͼţ۲ݡ
곤Ǻˣ
ǧ֮طҲڷƵĸпһѵһ»׺ͼ޻׵豸м滻һ˵ʲôοǼҺϰ졣
곤ڰײ˼͸ǿռչ
ξһѧϰʵĻᡣ곤ṩ䷽ͼֽǿԴ㿪ʼӲϿʼǿصĵ½пռչʵ
ҵĴǵרŶС飬רžΪ곤ҪЩ
ҼǵǸмǧĶС㹻ѵˡ⻹Ҫпռչ
㹻ˣ߶ȴĿǰļ´һǧףҰǵ»⸴ӣǵۣһǧףӵ׾ͻ׵ĻѵԶԶġ
ʱ䲻ˣǾ
֮С뿪ңɭϵĻء
ڵֱǸɸӣʲô̽ӶУ²òСһ㡣
ϷļȻ࣬ƬҲ̫ˡǵ곤߷㰡Ҳ֪ôõЩġ
һࡣǸһôõЩ
Ϸѡ֮ǾѾڻϿһο飬һλּǳɳͻڵĲ桭
˵ǸҶ֪ô
ϢѾ򣬰ɱЩ͹ˡҵĵ곤ΪǵĿꡣ
ͳĿˣǶĿ͵ºǸСˡǸҪЩ۵ĥ⣬Ǽ˼벻ͷĲƷЩֹ˾
߿ĳȵĲɫͷˣҰǵᣬǸʱҪϷ𣿡
һ񣺡µѾǰɡϷӰҵĹ׳ġ
ã˹ٽҪίΪ븺Ұǻѵ޽Ķ飬ʱҪĹǣ͵곤ȡֱϵҽȶĺϵ
ǣ


37 
һķҰ, ҰǵĸڿʼȥͬʱһһȵῪʼԤȡ
Ұְ
ʻǺӻؽеķ棿дƢػӦҵͷơǵʱıͶѵ, ÿ˿Һһ档
ͬдѾüȥ࣬췢Ůתͷһͬ˵ȥصҹˣҹĻǺϢɭֱּ顮԰, ȫ޺ò¡ˣһ֪˭
ȻеȥҰǵĵصҹܣͬס졣
ϳĳԼǰġߡ졣
, Ǻڷ, ҹܵǺ췢Ů, һŽ𷢵ĴС㡣
ǻ˼ȥʶд
дҴ, Ӱӣȥư͡
Ұǵĳ, ÿʱ򶼻
ᣬΪҰṹԺƽҵСү桢̼档
Ұƺ벻ı仯
սӽҰǵԽԽ࣬Щ仯ҲԽԽࡣ
Щ仯, µο͡
Ұǵľż̧ͷ, ܿµķбŸٵбǣٶ, Ǹֱ̬ǵ͵ġսʱ, ˿Ŷľ, Ҳ֪һɺٶȵ/
Щ縡, кܶ͵ͣǳҹɫĵġ
ǶйоأٶйоأûжҰǾʾܡ
ǴǱģ˵޽¿ռʦ͹
Щ˶סϳǵĺ磬ܸҰǵĿ֡бҪʱҲֱ³ǣܳȥв²ε
ת䣬Ұǵľ񳣳żЩŹʵ͡
һжΪǸճˡ
˻˵ҹܵ飬Ե֡
УΪʲôȥҹܣң÷ȣߴϷɺػʽңһҪЩˮС󣿡췢ŮԼĳΪҵоš
ôҰǵҡͬСֹ
ùϲС֡ҹܵʱ˭֮ǰдЦתͷʡ
ᣡָС֡ĽŮغ˵֡
˸յĹ͹֮Ǹƶ߳Ļſ˹ĵһݶӣѾΪҡ
˵ˣ췢Ů˵۾
ϷеڣҲӿһӢҡǿȵسǣΪдʫΪż
ϷĿ˹ԭƽżڸȫżܱ߶÷ǳá췢Ů˰ϵͨһһQ濭˹
˵Ұǵƺ̫ϷǾȻ֪ңҲ֪ϷЩӰӾ硯սĿ͡ȫϢϷ
췢Ů˵һ˼飬Ȼǰ;Ұǵ˻һ磬ڲŸҿ϶ûǵģǼֱһԪ
УҰǳʲôú棬ﱾǡ֮ء𷢴СֱˣƣҸǸճܸߵļһϷûУôˣ
ˣճġǱҡǣҲôһ°ɡȻԲ˵ҪΪҵż񡮵Ůڶ˭
һ£ȾƵ˷¾Ʊףƹݿ쿪ˡ
ô죿췢ŮҲվ
ŮЩεط¾Ʊ治֪ڴʲôҿ˵ˣľûд˵ôúȣȥҳʮ١
Ұǵв㡣
ż٣Űµϰְ֪ͨ£ǵһϰ˵Ҫż١ΪԽԽ࣬Լһ£
֣߷Χ£ùǲϰߡ
˺ܶ۹ͣŰȥı̬ҰǶעĿЩ۹˵档
Һüﴢ㹻ʳ㲻ȥҲûϵ
ССĲʮƽȴȫġҡŰеԵ㣬ǰûԼƽ
۶Ƶô곤Ĵ̫ãȥĶĥ˼֡
ˡſڵСʾϳһӰŰ˻£ָ
ڵʱʶˣ˵϶ܣҲûʲôڡͻȻʲô
Ű߹ȥţһЧƤϣʧȥ֪
ŻرգһԵͷŮ˱ϢشߣڵĿŤ
һĻ£ŤĿͻȻָƽֻԱ߳һͷŮˣСֹţҺüﴢ㹻ʳ㲻ȥҲûϵ
ɡοʹӰŰյķǰҪȥ档
Ҳ̫ˣûе¶ȵĳϵͳ𣿡
·ڿЦҰǿõ³ϵͳӣһҪܺĵǰĶ;ϵͳûСһꡣ
οһ߿ҰǵһڲͬȻȻһ߰
дüëЦʣȥĸ¥㣿
Ȼֱȥ³ǣﻹбܿ𣿡
дЦݲ䣺ҰǵĻǺӻ̳ʺͣǿƼռչɭǲɴŶ
ÿ춼кܶŶӹأĿǰΨһһͿռչʵ
⣬ʮĹҹ⻨̳ٴǧ־˵Ѿֲһûм¼ĶֲѾкܶоǡ
ʱҰɽˮȤԭʼȻ⣬ܶůĿ֡
ʲô˼̣
οˣʲô
žдᡯڸְһӡɴְҵ΢Цûʲôףܹרҵѵģ¿Ǳס˼˵㣬Ϸ̫ͨĺ֢żƲסס
桢ң
ע⵽ǰŮȫһбۼճи߲ʵҡ
οǶʱ缦ĬĬ¥¥£ڼһ仰û˵
ҰһһֵӣеĵƶˣعûйҲûбҰǽֵϣΪȶðյ˷ܵضžͷص硣
ӵҰǵ
μǲǱడȥɲĹģܶߵĳС
ǰֶˣǿֲ
ص߹ҰĽֵ·խ˶࣬ҪСĲܲײ
ΪҰǾһûйصĵطҲԸ⴩йоص·ʲôصװС
ֵֻǣҰǵص׾񷴶Ը¶档ߵģοͺͱ˵ıܴﵽȰˡ
Ϊתͷͬ˵οûעײˣ̧ͷֹźøߣȴڿԷ˲۾
ɫѩƤڵǣչ׵ĳβһˡһжȲ˫ɫ۾ͶһƳĮġ
һƬհףҪ˵ʲôˡ


38 
Ըԡ곤ݳֵĳ¥̬, һ׾ŵĸ߸ӣԭ͵ٱӢҴһаΪ˸ıøһ㣬ԼǺϲƷϵߡ
ʵϡ
鷳ûм١
Ǹû°ɣҵʳŪ·, ̫ðʧˡϵϾҵΡճտ, ʳɢҲ⡣
á¥˵·ϲԵġۡ, ֻ뿪ط
ѾײüˣµƷ, ûʮӾմ˺üֶĺۼӦ죬·ϻ²ϡˮںȵȶ
屻ΧҲΧѵ´ӦŮݣԱȫƾϲõԵš
һ, ܼĺˣʲô֣ĸۿų¥Ҫ, ֮ǰ֡
¥ĽŲȴԽԽ졣
Ǹ, һ¡
Ŷ, Ŷ
, ߳˼˵С, Կϡ
ԼĪʮ, ɸʯש, Ĳõص׺ЩԼĻݡͬŵĽ־, зζ
ʱ·߶ղյ
Ȼɫĵƹ, ·Ц, ƽʱɢɵԡ
ЩοֻͣοͲŻǱֹ򱣻ţҲ, ֻҰĵطܷһ
Ұ˶ԴϰΪ, ǲ, ƽƽƺͱ
óٰʱ򶼿ʼˡ
ǺڵĻǺô㣬ЩԳӵġƹݵ;ߡ
Ȼûϳ
ţǸ˺͵곤ͬһɫһ˾ȻͷһǸ
˵ͬҲƵܿ
ôˣͬ鱻ܵ
֪Ǹоȥᱻ
ͬ飺
¥
֮Ұǵ˲һϳǵ곤αװЧġ
Ϊռչʵ̫ˡ
¥Ҫ׻ѵ¿ףҪǮסһѵҰǵ̫ˣΪ˸ҵҲӦиĵطԷйԼʵԼ
һʼϵĳЩС¥һͬʣֻҪһСе˰գܴȫͼֽ
ռ֮żͿռչҪԸһŻݵĴۡ
һʼš˵öٵġ
ǲȫµԼר֤ǿеģΪ¥ųЩƷȫ۹Щͼֽ
û취˭ЩңǸңʵǲƷƵġš
ųϢ󣬲ƷǼֱге·
ھƹſڣϸֿЩլɴˡݲƷȫʵ޳⡣
ﵹǵΪ˶㿪ȺҪ顣
֤һ¿ܵҰȨӴ¼
˳ȸԱ
ϳΣµļ̳⼸ҪѡҰǶսţЩ˶оˣеˡƹݵĺüͿǼûгˣ͵¡
ϵϵˣȴĨЩ
ͣԱвͣ
ĸʺĵطȴࡣ
˼ȥҰɵҰʵģϣҰǡҡ
Ұǵƻͨϳǲ˵Ͳ㽨ҲдظеĹ⡣
¥һҰǵص׵ȫòΪҰǵҹһצĹޣɫ޺罫ױˡ
Ͳѥղʯשߵ̵Ĺ⣬¥Ⱥһȥ
ǵ³ǵ֮һҪܡҰǡȻҪȥ³ǡ
Ҳܺ棬ԼŲȵƬôķ羰
װŲʵƵĹţſȹͺ˿װߣửСװӦħøطһֿҡҡ򡢷ĸо
ҰǰĿ̾ѣÿһ涼Ұǵ
¥ҡڵȺдֱۺؿڱõ߹ߣҧ촽ܻӭ
ʲô֣
¥΢΢ͷסԼӵˣҲڡ
Ưɫ۾ɫأֻΪûҡ
˭ûã¥˭һ
̫ǽ߾ȫ׷һ˵ľٶΪ˻ÿףǴӱϻõĿֱȳ¥ԼϻõĿֶࡣ
һ𣿡
Ư˵۾ĳڴ¥ȴоһֵߣ˭ѿûȤɡ
˵վֱŵ³ȥ
˶Խ³ǣÿһ·ڶмˣǻж˹ʸ
ʱһֱסˡݰףǸճУŵѧഺ۵ϢžǺ׵ĸ
ڡ
ΪʲôԵסĺƷ
Ʒ鲻䣺³ǲˣĵطûмҲûб޷֤ǵȫȥ֮κ¶пܣҪȥȥһɿͬɡ
û˵ʲôֱĹھͿʼˣһŲɫڰпˢ
Ϊ̫۸ܾþΣգȻ˰ɣ
ˣѽȥ֧ȥһҷ
ȻҸһȥɣ˵ﻹ˷ӣÿ궼ʧ٣һ붼棡Ǹøߣ˧ɱң
Ѳݡ
˭ҪϢ
ԭҵĵĻͻȻ뻮һġ˧*ҡԣһҪô£ײһˡ

ֱ̧ͷߴԼؼ״ؿһֱϣ˳޳ĲתǷϣõɫ촽ͣ룬¸˲ײһ˫ĵɫ۾
һ٣á˧
û°ɣ
ͳǡôĿ࿧ȣⷢ飬ֻȶˡ
ðһԼûû¡
ţߵĿüƺ˱ǺˢĵĻʱգæصĻȴΪŪ˰زϡ
Ǹ⣬Ǿǿڻû˼
˼ڣ˳һκ͹ꡣ
λ㣬˵ĶͬȤҲսκɶɰ
ûϢүǷ׷
׷㲻Ҫһȣͬ𣿡
Էȷʵûʲô⣬¥ðʧͷ׼³ߣǱײˡ
ƷԶÿû
Եһ£֮ǰǸС߹ҿԺһȥ˵һͬ飬һ˹ġ
ɵƯ
ʮǼʷɴ
¥˵ּæֻһһߣģұ֤
¥ȴǣǸֳֵˣֻҲǴġ֣Ǳ˿ӣȴ޷κηģͺһ޺Ĵڡ
ֿǰԼܾˣ˻ǻģһˡ
ҡ
ǣʶһ


39 
ͨȳҺ, ײһյСơѾ˵սľ߻ʱʱ֪𶯣˷ë
¥Ŵ˳ߵ, ķӣǰһ⡣
ӿŲһֱߵ۵Ĺմ, ۾ûӦ, Ѿֵ졣
ţأǰҵ֣¥ź֪Լ, һ׾ŵ, Сûϡ
ԭصȴ, ŵȵСܹ
۾ֵĵҵ֣áö˰
ʵ˵Ǻöι״, ߵĵ̻·ϵ, һħСΣտµĸоǧٹֵĵװ޸ͻΣոС
ҰǹȻǻĵط, Щ˿ɶǱڵķߣЩܵη塣
¥ȴЩ¹ڳ̶ȼ͵Щˡ
⼸ΪĹϵ³Ƕ⿪ţص˶һΡ·ˣкܶҪġ
Ұ̫, ЩŲٺö˵ҲᡣԽĹģ껹Ҫ
Щõο绽ḷ̌ݺǼʵǵһЩΣ͸Ų, ǰֻƵûȨ󡢸߹Ҫ, Լȵĸ߶ǡ
Щ˾αװ, ǹѪζҲ޷ڡ
֪Ϊʲô, Һˡ
ţĪء
ֱ䶼úܰǸĻܸоëȻζƤҪˡ
¥ѾȺＸرĿĴڣЩ˾֪г֣øɧͨϷͬʱЩҲڸͬǿҿʼ²ǲңǶû
磬ڣ
ȥҡ
ң
¥Ųһ٣ʲô֪͸
õڵ³ǲõģҪõ㻻ʵҹʣ࣬»õ㡣
áæϳ¥ĽŲ
߽ϢȺУֱ˿ֱЩ仯ƺǲˣЩٿһĳ¥ͻЩã¶ɵ
Һá룬̲ס͵ǰĳ¥˲ҰǵģԼĹһҲǺĴڣ֪ʲôݣ
Ұɭϵĳլۡ
̫ģȻ⣬ͷܿƾɢ
ĵУǹ԰һĴ԰ֲǰǵɫƷϳɶԳƵļλ԰԰лĺδƯˮݡ
Ļ԰лһʮֺгľɫǰȪнչʾ̬
õ廨һ㽿۵ŮŻȹﴵ֡׷Ϸ
⣬Ұǵĳ
˭Ҳ벻ƶҰǵ»һ˼ã
ҲѹҰǵľֻ˵С塯ȴûмǡ
˭ﻨ㸻ûʵĵطסȥҰ֮ȥĶҰͲơ
յĳǿŴţɳ룬켸ڶرأһֻ·ᱻɨӡ
ΪһСͻСӴѲߣװľӶʮһ⻹׷ɨķеν
Ȼԭġ
ˣҽƲϳСӵ֣߹
ĸסĶݰˣﷺᣬֻȭͷ߬ţǼѹ¡
ʵʱվĲֻСӣĿǰϳǵʵʸ˶вʵʸϡص׸˿ɿɡһ㸺˰
⻹йҰǾӵɭĿ͵£ܼʣҽʮˡ
ǰ궼ղݡ
˵ʱһըһȫըˣҰȺףٵûҸꡣ
һȺͻȻۼɼԡ
ϳ˥ߣѾԵֻҽƲѡȡµļ̳üޡ
Σµļ̳ҪῪʼǰѡܸչһҵĿڲƵҰǡ˵Ĺʶ
Ұǿ⣬Ǻܶ࣬ڲҪŽᣬһ¶⡣
ңµļ̳ҲͨչʾԼùһ̳˵λþˡ
Ҳϣ֮ǰȷ̳˵ԭ
ҰǿСҲҵһСͳУΪˣԿڳ˷֮ءΪԣ˱;
Ұܶ಻ۼ޷ԴͲƸܼӰ쵽ҡ
Ĳ˵һһȵܴ켸ʮڵ
ڣΪڰϷĳ֣Ұӿ˴ңǱ;ֵ߱οﻹвٺö
ҰǱøˡ
ԵҰǵĳֱȵĳЩСĹӣҲŻᾺһεĳϧ뻢ıƤ
ҰǵĳСѡʾԼϾϴȨǼϴһٶꡣ
ƺҶѪԵ̳еܵ˼㣬ЩͬҰһȨ˳̽
Ŀǰȷ뷨ϳǵĹ߶󣬻еһĹ߰ûб뷨˲ڰ֪ж١
ϳԼӹȥԻԼûʲôáǸλãزסҲǰ׷ѹ
Ұĵطÿ춼һˣһôˣ
ϳԼҲһȺֵܽòùɱֻۡˣҲˡ
Ȼϳ˿˵Ժ˹ˣҪ̸λ岮ǡ
ӼزסϵĻϲŬ᣺ĸûµġ
ϳȴûĸТֺЩҰǵĶǣ֣ؽԼĺӽиǡô룬϶Ӧˡ
ϳǵĹЦȻûеõСܲõ֧֣ʱ䲻ٲƷǸ곤ʱ֮źͿռչҲ˼֧֡
ֵ֧ǰǲҰڲ
裬ƽЩСȴС
ϳС泤˼˵˼롣ҲƿҰǣҰǵ˸
ϳԽԽͿˣơ롣
ô룬ϳʽȷ˼̳ߣԽԽżѵĺ
뱣סϣǰϳ뿪

ҽû˵Ǳװ׵ģһѡ
ҰǵĹ̾Ϣţô˵ϳҰȷչô꣬Ҳйġ
֮뿪Ǳ죬໥֮ƺ࿴Ľף˭ҲûпڣһС·ܿʧ
ǹҰҪӵɭС˵˼䣬ʮӲų
˵ʲô
ɭһͱס
ҽȨɭŹ֣Ȼԭ˵úܺ˵ЩˣʣǹʡǣָǶļǧ򣿡
⻹ǳأľӣ̨б˵ĺã
Ƕӡ֪ϳļƻ֪ͽⶳ˼ܾѣν̳˾óļƷ
ɭȴ֪ЩȻⲻȷν̳˵޷ڣǡΡ
ϳмֻᣬϳһѡϳǵĶҲãĽȷʵǿҲ硣ϧҰҪĲ֡ʻܸıҰǵϣ
˵ףҲֻǱЩʱĿܡΪЩʱΪҰǲӭˣʼն顣
ѵ㿴ðʡ
ǸشԵĴģɭҡҡͷ͵£͵ĵһѧԺĸֵ߲µַ
ʵҰ˲٣翴Ŵ޺ĽϧֻϲڳԿЩȤ
㿴˭춼ûеĶҳıҰǵϣȻϳҲ޸УϳʱǺжģԽԽı
õ곤ô
ϽŲס˵˭


40 
ʲôˣŵؿ, ҪȥԿơ
ɭȴϵѵķӦʵҰ̫ˣ, ֮ûֻΪûһõ㡣Ұǵĳ»õĻᡣȺףΪǻ̶ã
һԵĲ˵, ˵δǼߡ, ĸûⲿ֧֣ΪЩⲿҪҰ
ֻҰƳȥ, ɳסȫķ֮ǡô, ȫڱ˿ڴ
˵ǾǰҰǵ׬Ǯ, ںҰδô
ɭЦһңҰǵľ, ֻܿ룿
Ұ̫С, ʲô, оӣйкܶңǺһҵʲôǣһ, һӵĳǣ
ҲĬˡ
ɭ˵ޣԴޣҰǵԼ޷չǿֺΪߡ̤ʯ
ʵ˲пᣬҰȺǻ, 쵼Ҫôǹ͵, ҪôѹȺǡ
ѹȺ, ɭԼûⱾ, ˹ø죬˼ȥѡŰĿתƵǿĵ곤ϡ
곤û˼ֱ˵Ǻ͵곤򽻵ˣ϶һ˽⣬곤ͨЩѰĹģȷʵҰûκ뷨
곤ϲƽ
ҰǶ˭׬ΨһԵ곤ǽзƶ
֪ɭ˵Ȼ곤Ҫ徻վҪ˵Ұײϡ٣곤ῴҰǳΪŮҩԼ֮ͽ۵֮
һ˲Լ˵ˡ
˵һξ͸ظˣס˼ãϳġɭĻڣ˾
Ұ̫䡣
¥յϢϢͳˡ
Щ⣬£ϻͨ籨š
ʱվڵ³ǵڣǽϵο͵ͼ˼·ߡ
³ÿһ㶼ͨڣĿǺƣơĵ̵Ǻɫֲ˻Ĳ㡣
ȻŵƣҵֻЩƫ混ƷҲĲ̫һ
ӻҵĵ̳󣬳¥һſڵļӣˡ
ģ˿Աߵס죬·һ֪Ұǵĵ³ʲôĵطҰǱ˶̤ħߡ
¥ͷžȻ˶Ȥζ
ûзɣҲûе¡ͳһγµĴƽĿѹס顣
ԣﷷ˿ǺϷģһʡ
ҰǱǲϷģ³ǸǷ֮ء¥һִ𰸻ش⣬ҰǱǲϷģô׷˿ڷϷϷ
þòԣ
һֱֵ䶼˺ܾá
Ȼ֪Ұǵĵ³ǸΣյĵطû뵽ôĿŵ
һҪԼ
ŴУ
ⲻ˿¥һοڣ˵ȴĻÿֶʶԻ
Ŀգôοͣ˿Ҳʱչʾ¥ǹֺܿѹ¡
ȻⲻûΣաſڵסǶԵġ¥˵ҲǱԺҪֲ̤ԼĵطѾӵӹ
ŸоԼһʼҪǶô档
㶵̧ͷ¥Ҹ硣ȻòҲ񣬵ĳ˲ͬһˡ
ʲô
ǣƵĻҴҲ˵
𣿡¥û仰ϣ֪ʲô𣿾ȥ
ǹȥˣﲻΪ͵ĿŮǿ彡սʿһͷ
ǵ³ǵɫݡ߹һˣ͵ҶѰɣҪͬ飬ҪҲҪ⣬ǲҪ
Щ˻ֻһһܾɢˡ
ȷ˿Ҳʲô顣
ЩŶĴڣ޷ûκοԻȡǮƵĶûоסĵطʵ˻ѡס
ΪֱڽֵϣױʬֱӴ˯ȷֱܱӱʡ
ǣȡȼý𣬻߽븣Ժ𣿡׷ţƺ⡣¥²ڵĹǸƽĵط
Ҹ𰸣һĹûоȼý߸Ժȼý߸Ժ衣Ǹͨ޷ȼý͸Ժϲһ𰸣¥ζʡ
һζûƶᶯڶζŸƶȲȫ߱˿䲻ҪϡǸﷸȡ
ĸ𰸶⣬һʱ˵ų¥
һֿǣǴ𰸡
ˡ
ֵ֮ĵûôսڵµģȻҲҩģΪ˿ľǰҲͲôˡ
ֱĹ˾۲Щֵĵ̡
ʲô֡
Ÿˮһ͸СŪֲڴȻĥɰеľﻹѪ˿һ·
áĹͷŶϰЦúܹ죬һ־޴Ĺͷرһʯͷ˵ͷ¿ѹ
һĶȥ
ǸѾ¡
ϰһδЦǿɰĺӡ
ֿͷβƽذŪһʯͷĳ¥ϲʯͷȻͨˮ֮
ܰˮɾƣǳȤ
ǺȤ¥ʯͷ˵ĶʱǹӨӣȴ׶ģ
Ҳмǧˣ͵Ǹ˱ɱˣҲģ
ǰ벻ףΪʲôǸ˵š糯¶ҪԴ˶ݵ̷¡תͷܶº֡
֪ˣ˾Ҫ͵ġ¡Զ˼䡣
ΪԼ˱Ըġ
ôҪ𣿿Ըһʵݵļ۸Ŷ
Ҫ¥ʯͷ
̫źˡϰĿ뿪һֱˣ촽Ǹ˿ǲ𣿡
ʯͷ
ţϰתͷﲻ֪ʲôʱ˿ˣߺ֮ǰǸһ㣬ͷɫͬĲɫ۾ŷС
˵ǿ鱻µĴʯͷǮ
¥ߣǲֶĿˣЩϰʮڣϸϸÿһƷֲʨӿڶҪۡ
ڡ򲻵͡۸ʵݡ˫ջ£һмʷĹŶֺУһЩȤĹž鼮
¥۹ߣޣʲôûϡ
ȻŴԡȥһȦǱ˵ףǱӣŶýġҲûãﵽңҵһξҲֵǮ
ȥͬһ𣿹Ϊûнֱӱȥίˣǿֿɰ
أЩҲҪƽʱû򵽡ܲ˫ǮĺҪ
Դɫժߡ
Ȼժͷǹǡ
ҵϵĵֻ̲ǻ񡣾ʱṩյĹˣҲṩ𰲱ıڣʱշѡ
ҲһֵġѡԻѡʲôͶѡ̵ֵܸܽɫܰæᶫܰæۡʵǵεĽɫֻǸÿĵĺÿ
¥ûѡ豣ڻߵΣ뿪֮ȥһϷȻзأԡ
ôһӦÿͲͣ죬ϰϲ
ԴĻǺûŵ㣬ؾûʲôˡҪġ
㻹ôˣ
ܵ㣬˭ٵģҺ˵Ǻôѵ㣬һܵʮϰͦø߸ߵģ֡⡯¶桮֡Ľơ
˳һе㣬¥㣬һʱ䣬ףŵˡʱľƹſڣӦѾΧ˰ɣ
ʱľƹſڡ
ͣӪҵ


41 
ͣӪҵ
ϰÿȱСƵĿǷ, ʲôˣֻн𣿻Ժ󾭳
Ҫ
ʵҰǵĵʱʱͣҵͦģǵչҲǼҳ㷹곤һڿҿҾҵҵ, ǶϰˣȻҪͣӪҵ
һǳ˴ˣ
곤곤ûе곤ϵ룿
ŶӵĿҲʧôͽ첻ţǵù
Щ˶Ұǵ, Щǲμ˳ľƹݵ, ЩΪʱ֮źͿռչ
, ϵ곤ѵ̰ࡣ
߶ĳ¥䲻Ĳš˳Ҫ·߰һ¥̶תˡ
Ұǵĵ³ǹģС, һҲܹһ㲿ֹ, طơסĶǱͨ׷ɱ, šοֹ
ô³ǻǵοǰԼصġ
ʱʱ¥ʹȥ, ͳ³ǡطʺС档
ǲȥڶ𣿡
ڶ㣿ȷҪȥ
ظ֪ΣյԴҡúͲ˹һԼܹһȫ, ȫʺ˴һĵĴ, ˵ڶ㻹ûĹʺ˾Ͳ˵ˣпҲС档
¥͵ڡ
Ǹлл硣
š
ɸĴתֻ˵³, ֻһӰɵɵؿʲôʱҪͺˣ̫˧ˡ
, ˿, Ҫ롣
ϴϴ˯ɣαȽϿ졣ںش
Ҷ顣˧, ֻ, ǿƵ·, ַ緶֮ǰ˵˿ⶺʱҪˡ
¥㲻Ǳ𣿡
ǰǰ1
ˣֱΪֹɣټˡڹǲİߣɿܻϳǣšһܡıƿš
磡һ֪ҽʲô
һֻèԴµعص򿪵ͨѶʲô
ż뿪󣬳¥Լһµڶˡȥڶͨңһ֮ȷڣȥܿһּ׵׳Ŀƶ
ԼҪԵ곤϶
ʾ֤
¥û֤
ƾʵ߽
ʲôʵ
Ǯȭͷ
̯ڵϣ֫嶼۶ˣ۾ð𻨡һǽˣ¶ͨ
ע⣡ע⣡ĵһһ֣һֱû˻Ӧ
а׵ûѪɫָ
³ǵĵڶԱȵһ谵߳ͨûпˣ
С֨֨е
˭
Ӧ
֪һֱҡܸо
¥ŲδͣѥӲȽˮĵطССˮ֪
ڰˮԽԽһԵѹȸС
ॡһĽͰˣŨը¥ӿ̱ǵһ£վס
谵ĵ³ǣŤӣһжڰɢȥԶճһӰӡ/Ŷ񣬴ñסһֹ˿ʵģ
¥һ̤ⲽ̤˻õıȦŨɱ¾ں£۾΢΢ɲǼʱŤǰ˻
صһ˲ǵջؽţֱֱǸӰŨصɷ
ӰժԼñڳ¥ŵУӰ峿ıɢһգ۾ͳڳ¥ǰ
¥ժԼߣһģһ׶ţ۾ӶԷ
ǵģһһģһˣֻǺڷ
ŨҪѪˮѪζó¥ȴú£ֻ˺ۣ˵üҪ޳
㵽ס
ſڣǸͬһģһȴǰһָָŹĺ䡣
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ڼʮǰᶨǿģǱƫ׶ǳҶֳֺ档
ĺɫᣬ·ֻΪ˰ǲС磬¥˲ǽеֵǿӲĿ档
¶һ϶˻˳ŷ϶
ȴǾԲ䣬Ҳ䲻ġ
˭Ŀġ
¥ǡ˵Ļƺʲôֹˣɫ΢䣬ӰҲ͸
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ҪװŪصСӦ¥侲ѳһ죬ݺһȭǽϣһĮĵɫ۾һȼա
ʮˣƹſڵĿ˻ĵضţƹȴѾĻص¥ϡ
ˣʨСڡ
ǸϢкڰϵϢġ۹ˡ뿪֮󣬳¥ͻˣѾ˼ߡƺܾá
ϢкڰϵϢô񣬲Ӱɣʨʡ
ԱǸα⣬ҲǿԱ٣һںϣܾ͵º˭֪¥ʲôʱʲôطأ
ڰϵ˫ǣʱϲԱߡֻŮ顣ѵ֮񣿴Ҷ֪ĽܾáܲǸ͵͵ռͷĺҹ
ʨڳ¥ԵѹԽԽᡣ
Ȼ嶼Ȼϲ˽¥һΪȾҲûκܱմȾ쳾
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Ҳ֪¥촽֪ô˵һ˲ǾԼ
һ޸ַĲ²⣬Ʋס
侲̽ͷĳ¥˫ֳϥϣҪסĳЩʮָ档
ͬϢֺͨʧ
¥ʲôƶԷûϵһ
ţͨѶһ֣ŰΣ
ڰʴ޷ĵصס
ʼɡ
İصΨһġáȽ豸˽ҽңҽͻʿѾ롣ǰɫվڰɫķĹУ۾ʼǵϳź֣ȴЦ
һɫĴͷŮˣ֫ϣĸһֻյ۾
ڲ㣬Ϊ˲˺ƤϳϣؽƤҲˡ
Ϊ׵ҽóһעϳߵߣʧˡ
ϳţܵͣ˵㻹ûҵ룬ȥѧУѧϰ
һֱܸлҽſеĿҺϳѪܵ
űҺѪϳۣһ
űҺ建壬㾫ĹҲѪɫԽֱͣȶԼĺӻҪͣҪȫã
µҩ졣
죿պᡣ
ҽû˵ֻǽеҺȫעϳϵԽԣٴȡ
ҺɢѪУٶȷǵҩЧϳı鷢˱仯ţһһˮ㣺ô£ΪʲôѪܷ·һۡ
ҽɰվͬЩʿһĬעϳ
ϳʶԣҪ˥ϲصá
ⲻ﷢΢ġ˵΢ţ㱳ң˭
ϳ۾ԽӻǣԽӼ٣ʱӵ˿µ侲
Ұԣ¶ԥҡçײԣҲǡ
һЩ֣ڸ۾ȨΪɢдԽѡ
ǲҶӣϳЦɣ
žžžһ˹߽


42 
, ȴôƾҳΪ̳ˣôܲأĸסǲǰΪ̳˵ٳ
մ㣬, ϳͻȻԼʱҲһıˣֻʮֻʲô£Щ
֪ҵɵ, һߣһ˿㡣߶, ЦЦҾ͵һɵӣһߡĸ, Щװɵ, 㻹𣿡
С㡭ϳŻһѪ۾͵صɴ
ٳΪڣû뵽ֻʧؿǰװɵַɵ, ΪԼܻ浱ҰȺЦеĹǳصģ
ַɵҾ, ҲǱģ
ϳӦʱ䣬ѹĵ׺ܾõĻҵйڵĺΣӿҪٵǰһС
ʲôĸף͵棬ȴκαۿЩ۸ң, , ɱҡֻǰҶ, ڻ𡣡
ϳ֪ûǲԸڣû˵
һǿԸڿңǣһصҰǵڣһζûȨ·š
ǣЩһһǿûгңٳѹֵֻļΪʲôҪΪҵģû
Ϊʲôٳʳ޴Ҫʵ⣬ôŬԶϳң
ΪʲôѡȨ˿ʼûʸˣ
ϳ뵽Լ޷ʵֵģҪҰ룬ĿһŭšȷǺĸף̳ϣӵȷʺϡ
УûϣġԸֶӣޱΪԼڽ赶ɱˣȴҡҰǵĳۣǶΨֶֻεСˡ
䵽Ұˡ촽ۣһ۶뿴
ٳǺζӲѪ
㲻ҪҰǺϷˣһʵҰŻᷢ󣬲л·ţϳɱ۵Ҳ뿴һۡ
㿴ңֹȥҪȴҽס
ºۼҽ˵ǸҩֻǼ˥ϣºҲ鲻һ˶ˣͲһˡ
ٳȭͷסˣһ֤ҲʺҰǵĳˣ֪𣿡
ôʧȥްЦŤһš
ཡ̶ļУĻϵԵ粨ֱ߹ƽ
ϳ΢ЩŤûʧ
ʮڰϷܾˣҲٳֵĵ֮һ
ҽżΪҰ˵ˣһ
ɣϳȻ˥ߣβˡٳգգ۾ֲ
һβ֪ΪʲôµᣬЦݡ
ʵƷ
ʳ¯ĳһˣҪ˵ɱˣﲻ֪ʲô۾Ժһ£ѹʱ˵ǼҾƹݵԱ鷳ͻȥɡ
ԵͷŮ˱ƳȥˣҽͻʿҲһһ뿪ϳһۣһغ㡮ҵҰǡ˵ת뿪Ұ׵ҡ
ͻȻһ磬Ʈʧ١
ϳǣĳ䡣
Ѿµĳˡ
ͷеָ˳ʨӵëŶӦùϲ㡣
ǵԼ
ΪҰǵĳȻسŵ
ͷͣټ룬һμеϾǳˡ
𣿿˵ѱҰǵľҰǷĹȨЩ˷ԣǵĺɷ
ˣ죬һ𰸡
ͨѶ˿ɳЦKү
Ťɫһ˳ڿһ˵ķ䣺үȥˣڵ³ǣҪҵżˡ
üˣ˿ŵ㡣
ǡɫܿ֡ʧڷ
ϳϢʹҰǸߵĶС
ΪᣬΪӦ֮ǰȷµĳҵĸ׻ڣһҲôġ
Ѿ嶤ĳٳȫϢ۾λ˵أ
ϳǵĵư£һҹ˸ո˯ţԶ̫һֻҰ߾ֲˮϰ˴ŹǷţӭͷǴˮķ硣
˻ˣӴҵ·
֪ҰǴӲֻͨ꣬ꡣ
ҰǱŷж߻ҳĸȴд͵Ҿҹ͵͵ŷûож塣
Щжڸ߿պѩںϣγꡣ
¸չ꣬¼찡겻ˮ˰ɣ
ˮҲã꼾Щó档
꣬ҰǵľѾǼֲ֣ʰûĶغŴҪϰˡ
ÿ⼸춼ҰǵƷʱûʱȥȥѣǿԳſԴӶһ㶫Ŀ̼࣬ܶҶ÷ƵĻˣǸҪӰӵ
Ҷںϣ곤ϼһЩƣˡ
ˣ곤ˡ
ھƹͻĵ̾һǾ֮ǰڸ̯ǰ´ͨΪͻȻֻܵݱܡ
֨ѽ
ľ죬תͷͿ֮ǰ۵Ķں棬ѵûдɫ񣬶һİɫñǳɫţп㣬һտɡϺá
硢
Ϻãʶվϰεѧһһʵ
ô󰡡곤ܼ꣬ĽˡҲǹ޳ģ֮ǰȫûס
ǣܽ꼾ˡ֮һ¶ҪϰʪĿˡ
꼾
˵꼾Ͳòᡮӡ˰ɡ
ǵʱһʱסʢӵĵطʱεľ֮졣
ĵڶ죬賿ĵͻС¨ҩȥ˾ӣҲܼ񵽲ٿƵҩ
ʱûôѹţʲôͿʲôʱɽһҲǳеġĻϯأļ飬֪
˿𣬾
֨ѽһŹˣ¥ɡտɡŴñ۵þѿ
˶Щϰߵ곤ͻȻഺӡһֱĪĴУͻȻͦԻԡ
֣¥ǡ
ûûС
ֻΪͻȻѵԽԽ̫࣬˿ۼ
Ҳһ飬Ӧӽ
곤Ҫȥ𣿡
ţȥصߡ³ǿ˰ɣûȥ𣿡
ץץԴǸЩҰ׼ģȥʲô˵ҲϲЩ˶ҿȥָָ㣬һѲ֪ν⡭
ԭˡѹô١

ôˣ´ͨɻ
Ъҵҵ¥ȥ˼תͷ⼸˶࣬Ҷ׼ЩƣҾȡ


43 
³ǵĳ
ٰׯµʽ, źݳʹγǰĸ׵ˮ餡
ϳ˥ϵ˰ȻʻǴģų¶
ϵҲרҵĻױʦι, ꡣ
³ǵĹǴʻϳһΣǶźɫ·ûЦݡ߳ţ, ɢϲʪǵıͱˡ
¾ɽԭ, ҰĲʮ޴̨ҪҰ£Ͳˡ
Ҳ̫ѿ, Ҫ, ѵͲ֪һȣҲ֪ôϳôĶġ
ŶûվȣҪ֣
ôôͻȻû𣿡
ûʲô⣿
̲סɣһߵĿ͵ȴΪ⣺ûв, ϳ˶ʵĥ, ôסԼ㶫ߡ
ɭϳɡ·ˡ
ϣסһκ˵㻹ǵðɣ
ʲô£곤£̫ϲЩҽв⼸Խϵ, ʧӵҲ˵
Ȼ, Ҫ˵, ȴѾɭԶԱߵĿ͵Ҳںһ
ӪҵԵЦݴ߳ϣȴͶӰҪҪȥϳǺһ
һ۳ĴţЦðȵþơ
Ҫ˵þƣϳղصЩڡûЩƣľҲպϴպϰɡζ
ɭԶԶĿ˹Զͣˡ
δֻͣϣЩִ磬ҪǰϵᣬϺ˵ѵࡣ
Ұһ壬Լڲԣֵ档
ҿ롣ɭһ㲻˵Űɡ
Ҳ˵ˡ
Ǵֱӵ棬߳ţڣһ
ˣ
ҰǵôͻȻֲϲ˻ܵĳʪһ𣬺ò
ʲô֪ĲÿһʱһһҲ⡣
¥һߵﴫƺֻôĵسɡɽˮʪЬӣҳЬȾɻɫ
Ұӭ˴䶯һƺͨ޹أճճճŻȥ
֪߹Űסϻյӡ֪ʲôҲ֪Լ
һжȥˣԹԼȥ׷Ҫ׷Ρ
Ϳˡ
¥ɡŤϣЬӲʪĵ棬գգн
еҰƺᣬǸúܽԵÿռִٵĽﱻֲŤεĺۼ黯ˣϸЩС
ɫӰƶдУôгֻտɡǷʢú롣
곤һӰԱͣ£ŷߣҲС
ǽгıӣо޴۾¥ûϳԷЦŵͷϺá
ϺáЩָܳƳĶ곤Ҫ𣿡
¥һѼһŤŤȥĳӣ͸һƤںڵģ֥ڶˮԲεġ
ʲô
Ǻڶǳ档꼾ʱЩӾͻӵ㣬Ϲʺܸߡ
Ϲʺܸ
¥ԥˣ򣬵ܾԼˮͰ͵ȥ³Щײࡣ
ϢɣҪʱ򡣡
ܸ˵ظ˳¥룬곤㡣ûʲôõģ곤֮Ҳ
һһ룬ͶɹöپͶ١¥ԸռǱˡ
곤Ҫȥ
ȥ¡
Ҫȥ¿Щ԰𣿡磬ƻԺܴ󣬶Ҫһ¡
ûµģ¥ȴֻЦҡҡ̶ֳ֣ȵ궼ܲˣôܳȥЩֲﰡԨֲܵŶ
ȻɫɡһνããУųŷߵһֱǶտʧڹսǴ
֮󣬳¥ǰߣһ·Ҳ౾ؾҪŹˡ
곤ǵ곤쿪𣿡
š
ҽһҪȥռλˡ
ȥҰǵĵصףԻǮݣȫֿݡ¥֮ǰѡݣһͻȻ⡣
Ҫ˿һһȥ˳㿴һ;ķ羰
˿ļúܼ򵥣һεĸּһ麸εİƽ׸ְ壬滹һɹץյĵ
¥վȥɡһŵһַŸּܡҡҡڰ¥»ͷܿµĵײ㣬һСæµ
ӺӾѾһ¥վŸ˿ܣȵ¥ǳԾǵ곤𣿡
á¥վż毺õŮźʵ·ֻͷңϻ̾ƺˮϵζ
֪ʲôģֻ¶Цؼң
ţ곤ټ֣ϸּܣȻһŶӵ˶ڴߡ
¥ע⵽°ѪģƤϳƬųβ͡ʱβѾԶڸּϡ
ŮˣһƬվżˣ͵͵ȴûпڴкֱ¥Զˣǵ˵
ҲͻȻ
졣
ءżߵŵڵ˶̧ͷ
ءһ
ͬڹϮʱģ͸Ƴ·̾Ϣ
ͷв㣬ڵײ㣬÷ɣƺҲüϳǵ޺лһ⽣
ʱͻȻĹ⴩꣬ÿһĽ䡣
ô£Ұǵ˷׷߳
ˣҰǵȨӡ
¥Ѿתͷžƣľˮֻؼ䣬ɴϴ˼䡣
͹ⶼ˦İҲ˦
Ұǵ꣬
ôͻȻˣ
ô갡
ͷ֣ꡣ
ûдߵ˴æܣҽһһˮ
ø谵ˣʧȥɫ
ϳ³̨Ϣ⧲Ұǵľ˵Ŀ˶ͨϢö֪¡
ϳλŻ޴룬ææ³ϲá
ϳֿ̨Ц֪ǿԼͷգǸ˰˵ˡ
ֻҰЩʮҲûϳһͨھȹøǻҪԷҪ⣬Ǯʵûʳǵ˳Ϸ
ô䣬ⶼ䲻Щͨϣǻںʲôأ
˭Ǹٳɣ֮ǰٳַȺЩգǾ͵ÿǰҵˡ
ֻΪַΪ̫Ұ
¥վڼªļϣشڸּϣˮ˳ֱ۵룬ƻƵɡڷп衣
ȵվҡڵĸּϣ˳ϸ͵Ľ˿ӭŷ꣬һ¥һ¥


44 
Ұǵ, ĺܶࡣ
вʱûôǿҵĸоԽ£ԽǷ˿ܼ죬ϲŷϳ³̨Ϣ, Ҳסһæµ, лвٻָģҡ
ָԭ, ЩҲûѡ뿪ҰǡųΪҰ
û֪µԭʲô᲻뿪类Ұͬ޷뿪
¥¥֮们ʱ, ¥Щϰ
ЩյСƼߣҲãĶҰڲġ
Ҫȥ, Ҫ֤ܶһǮѾҪʱĥ͵顣
ҪǣҪҰǴڵĺϷ֤
ҰǶ㡣
ϷûС
ԭЩǶھﰡӵĽñʻƣһССˡ
СýΧֻ¶һڡССӵ, ಲĹͰĶ
Ƕؿų¥ɡǰ
ոǸǲǾƹݵĵ곤ͻȻ·, ûϳ
ƵĻҪÿ
Ƕ̲סߵȱ, ̽ͷǶտɡԽԽԶ, ȴһ⣬·żȻ곤һ棬ܳΪһĻ⡣
ȥ黷Ǻӵ߻ôϣܻ
һܵġ
ԽԽ, ¥ӰҲʧڴС
һһ, Խ, ܿĹԽͣģɫΪһ壬̧ͷȥңԶһգΪԼҹĻʱ
µúܴ󣬵˵ײ㷴ӲΡЩˮζ˳ŷбǽϣһֱʵˮ£һֻˮ˳ǽһֱ࣬ڵϻһ㣬߹ȥὦһȦȦˮ
곤ˣ곤
ԶԶľ˺һһʮˣʮ˶ں
ѹѹĶˣ֮ǰŲ嶼ĵײˡҲûڸʲôͳɡ߹ȥһЬҪ©ܶˮҲʪ˰ء
ڸʲô¥ɻؿʲôںӵϣƺ겼ǺӵЩССĻ̳Ҳһ㣬Ͳһ
Щᳬ겼֧ͬܳںϣˮˮݴ֮Ҫˮܵ
ˮܵڻר׶
ϧɭ̫󡣡һյؿµɭ֡
ʪˣɡ¥ɡбȥҪЩṩһĿռ䣬ֻɡ̫СڵסһڲסһȺλɵˮƮƮģȴ׾ʪһ
Ұǵʿ㲻Ϻãȥֻ¸ð
곤꼾Ҫһ£̳Ļ㣬ġ
԰
ӶεҲ겼ڸء
˵˶ƵĺԹ˿иʴԵ塣ҲЩʱȽǿ˽Լ¶ڿС
곤Ҫ׼ǻȰ
¥˵ᣬӺͱĺӲͬԾĹܺǿڻ̳ĻаԨ֣ʲô˺
ŴҶżƴ뽫˵
Ұǵ˶Ǳģײ˸ǡ
Ǳ˭Ҫ϶
ǾãԼȷģǺӺͻ̳Ҫǣһǿҩ
ллңұģôҪô졣
˵ҷ˼ڵúں죬ֱӳ¥۾
ǵĵεϲãҺýˣ
ɰ£ĵɳ©óġ
ֻӶһƬˣӶҲͷܶ¥ʮĻǺӣõټҵ겼ֽ˶˫֡
¥̧ͷң谵ĹдССɫһ겼ͺĲʺ硣
Ǻӣ޻̳Ǿ֮ĿҲֻΪ˱ˡǻرȴôࡣ
ɺ޵ôɺޣɰôɰ
Һһ
ɡкʹһֱ겼һ겼סСľݡƺ׮ӡ
ԭǴ˵еĵ곤
һƮƮ
ͻأĿ֡
¥תͷװһ˿һֲ¶ʣǼҾ׵˼ҳºͣȴŽ
˹۹ѧԺѧҽаסһֻ׵֡
¥ɷɡ֣Ը֡
ĸңǱҪ´ֺ׺֣һӺͲò
¥óϲҰǣҲˣÿһëԼġϲ
Ұǡ
ӦվϣȻˡ
ļҽ̸㣬ִ𣿡¥ˮһ䡣
ǸûʲôջָҸ֪¡ôĺӶΣˮϺά޻̳ͶǮ㹻ʮỹֻּ֣Ϊʲô벻
˵Ļû˵꣬˼Ҷ
æ˶ŭĿӣȴ˵ĻԼԼĵطǲĶѨǶõ档
Ĵ
ʲôϵ¥ʳǲ֪ģˣÿһֲġ塯һʮҪһ
ʱĳ£˶ֻʷǡԼǰ׷һǧ꣬һǧꡣ
ҸˣǮ໨ꡣ¥ϲ˷ʱ䣬ѡֹ⡣
֡ۡһΪ¥ʺòӦиº͵ӦԣֻǽͣȻ¥һס
Ҳס޷Ŀ⿴¥¥ȴѾתͷֻԷһӲӵɡ档
ȻףҲҪס
Ұ˺ܶ׼ͨ˶ǻ޷ͨˡڿҿҹ˭ˣ
֪һֱ֪˷ŵȣϵȵʺ;˫ظԣв˻ܵõһЩ©µĶǵ˵ײ㣬ֻܻȡһֻʡ
ôѲɳ˵ײûʸΪӦܵĶϵػŲо
¥ǺεҳŪױתͷ뿪Ľͷ
곤̫ԻԣòҲӶ˸̫
ϾĹҰﶼ׼ﷸﷸ
ѾˣҰһʼڹ֮ѪⳤǣΪػֵӢ֮ǡ
ԶҰ˿ˣǼԼҪڵ곤ǰѳޱ¶
ǵȷǱôֻҪͣЩҲһ棬øɾá
Ǽн겼
ʰߣܿһʹˣһ֮ǰڻˮٴοԼĵ˺ӱߵĲݴУ¶ʼ˽ĵ֮á
¥ɢҸ£ҲͰعսһӡ
ȥǸ˲κһۼ
߿뿪Ҫ׷ȥ
ǳ¥һ뿪֮ǰŻƵҰǾ߹ǻӶԼǱ˸ģ֫壬ס··ʱм
¶±飬ɫҴÿʱÿ̶ϴ
ÿ㰭ɢˡ׶αֱƿ۵ˣĴǷضţһĴĦ
㣡
Զ㡣
񾭲ߣȥæߵͬԶٻʮվ
αܹȥᶫôʿ
֪곤׼ʲôǸѩСϹࣿ
ٺ٣ʲôóԡ


45 
Ǻӱõ겼ס, Ӹ߿¿ǺһŤĲʴ
곤룬ͻȻЩ̫õĸо˵
߽, վ
˰źˣ
ͷǵϰ, Ѿź, СԲỳɵߡ
ǡ
ջߣǴŲпЦ⣺Ǿͺáڴǹҧӡ
, յٽ˹ûУ
ûС
˾֪ͨҡٴο۵µĲʴת
ϳǵĳƵꡣ
ڵ³תһȦҲûϵ곤Ŀûдɲ峿Ź˯ߵĿ˹جΡ
ξһƬǵĺɫ, ʯͰճĺɫڵһɫ˻硣
߹ĵطҹĻݴӺɫѿҶ
ߵüŲģƺʲôʹࡣ
޷ڵĺ, ճĺˮǹ˻ţп, ֻһͷ, ƹΡ
򰵴, ڰеĹη̽ͷ˹Ҳܵظо˾ηС̰
֮˳һذ, Լֱ, ɫѪҺ֮, һƬһƬɫĻ
һƬۺڵĹͷذڳ
ʹＷ˳ֱҲ˵Ķ䡣
Ŀ˹ĿܵҪҪץס¹һĳֲҪ⡣
ʲôͻȻһףɫӰĲɫ˿ֱ
˹ѹͷĲɫ˿ˮʪһƬֱǿ˺ʹ໹ϣսֹ
μˡ
Լֱ֣ƺֱ˿ĴУǼƺͣ㣬ξģġ
Ǹˣ˭
ţоʲôĳ¥ͷ߹ӡ
ɫӽЩŵĽһתˮǽںͻĸֽԲȱ̬Լġ
ǿʲô
չ߰ˮӣ¥߽ǼҸڽֵʱѾİ׿ȸӻʪ͸ȣ쬵ģտɡҲĥ˼طһʼôʡ
ϵɿԵı顣
߹һ䣺Ҫ
ллҲҪźܾˣҼĿĵߡ
ɱ߲ʵ޺ƹױøѤЩװħøеغĳΪһ塣
ˮģĵƹĴˮˮеĵӰһѤá
ҰǣҰǰˡͺ߽ʱǾȻݳУ
Щǹ̶ġ
δ뿪Ŀ߹¥ߣѤķװһֱɫͷϻһƼʮ֣֪ʲôõġ
ʱֻԼܿ˵ʲô
˾ĴǶԷԴ
Ӷͷʼһ͸Ĳϣܿ沫Ի
еʱҪͷȥװ͸Ķ
ţŮתͷ´¥޿ƼΣȻժ֡ԭ۾Ҳȫ˻еˣɫתϻζЦ
ؾɵԭʼɡ˵¥һ
Ȼװõĸԣ޴廹ǻᷢҪϢޱӦṋ̃ˡˣȥϢˡ
¥һСС¶۵ĲһһչȻһԴСУ͸ģſƼľ
е鳯ϳǷɣشܼĸ˿֮䣬¥¥ķ϶趯¥ͷֱʧųȥĸȥ
ߵſڣɡ˦˦ˮС
ӭ١ſڵд˾ʮȡ
Ѿһȹ
Ҫһ𣿡˶գ۾
·ڿЦһĽŮƿˣװĵ곤Ҽ㣬֪ûԷ
ȻЦеģȴǿƵζǰʾζʮ㡣

壬ǿƵĳ¥һü˾Ͳٿ
׼³ǵߣ۽ȴע⵽ĳˡ˵ûֱƺˣȡ
¥Ϊ˻ԼϾҲദСʱûκαʾ³ߡ
ڴ߿ֱóһ곤ͷڵ³Ҳһá
ǰ죬ʱԵ³ǵ˱ûʲô壬ȥһģһΨһ·ϵ˶ͣк˺ܶʱȥ˵µڶǡ
곤ҪԸΪṩ񡣡һɫƤ٪߹˵
ʱ¥ѾǸһתһȦʲôûõëԼ򵼣ҿṩ򵼷ãֻҪֵ
ǵȻ롣
㲻ȥĶʲô¥ͷ
ǵһΪʲôӦȽ롮ڶ㡯𣿡
ﲻǵڶ㣿
ﵱȻǣҪҵĵڶ㡣ڶͲҪˣһΣΪ·
Ȼ಻ѣ˴ò¥ҪСˡ
¶ֶңзнȥҲùǽοڼ仹Իζϡ
ܽ
¥ЦЦؿ򵼣򵼲֪ܲЩ
ҲΪԱ곤ģСʱܴлˣκ𺦡
⻰ţʲô𺦣ͱˡ
ڣǳӣڳ¥ǰȴһַĽУڡ
͸ţƣʵֳɳ۵ķ
¥ֵŮŮᵽ˾ζ֬ζеζζҩζ
ȻЩֻģ㻹ССռ鿪׵ĸоĳЩȫϢϷ
ǵڶˣʲôҶҵ΢΢̧ͷ˾̾ס
곤ܺã˵ĶȴǺܿġ
ֻҪ㹻ļǮûʲôǲԵġ
¥ûеͷֱ롣Ŀȫʪˣմɳ࣬ɡҲһֱˮ̹ţ·߳ɺĵ̺
ǣ޵ˣ§˵ŮˣһǧĶͽԩ֡߹ɫɫķ䣬۶û
СŸ곤ʲô
ģû˼
ЩȤ򵼷޷޵֪УѾҰŵء
ҵԼϲĶͲᱻЩʱϷԻ󡣵ȻЩ˾ϲϧҲС
¥ͷЦ߰ɣô˵һˡ
һߣ곤ҲѾ¶Ĺ߰ĶС
ȻԼˡ˵ݵλİ̲ݣһƿڵˣָ˶ϡбʯ⡣

Сֺܴãȴһ߿㶮ƨ
곤ôǮб۲ʱźͿռչ˶Ҫֺ
һβɭûߵĿɿѣլǾƹʵͻƢĿ͵¶ѱ÷
˵ҰǣطԸȫԼһ̵ʵۡ
ľƹݵ곤ֻи缦ǵġ
ǰͶֿΪѾĬβС˳̨
˭ԣСԣһС泤ҲͬҰǴڵˣûʸء
ҪĻҪ࣬Ҳ۲곤Ǯ곤е곤Դȴ֪Լ޷ǿҪʹˡĿġ
ϳˣСûշˣҶڴҪһʵ۵λá
Ҳ롣


46 
곤һȺ˵Ĺע¼䡣Ϊص곤Դ, ԼԹȥӭ
ԶԶһЦ߹к
ǵ곤˵Ǳߵľ㴼ɿڣȹһξҲȲ±ľ, һֱȥʶһֻæ, ûʱȥ
һ¥, ر飺һһ, ǵ³ǵĹ
ŽɫͷѥװȴһƦˣһȺСܵŮŮ, ó¥üǳ鴤
֪Ϊʲô, ֵͷߺ͹ĽɼӸС
ȻҰǵĹȷʵַǷ֯Ҳˡҵľǹʶ, һĶֵصȨȤ
, á¥ֺ, ³ǿ, մ֡ҺǶһ, ֻǸͨĹ۹͡
ôһ곤Լˡһ仰ǻһȦ, ˹ϵ׽һЩ곤Ҫʲô, 棬롣
ǣ, Ժȥ˾ƹݾǳ¥룬ȥ, ͳ˱ġøǡֵܡ
, 鷳
¥ڰ֣, һ£Ա㡣
֮һǵƣŲһתȥ˱𴦡
Ҳ̫ˡ
һСֹϴһԿǣҪұˣɢˡ
Сɢˣֻһںҵˣų¥뿪ķţҴûôס
ȥʣЩʲô¹ʲôҵеĵ㡣ơɫȨӹмӹ
û뵽ǣǱȴظ곤ʲôû档
涼ûС
Ǹˡ
˵곤ҪвƣҪֶֶΣûţҲŮϲҪʲôѽ°˼
˵ϲʲôʲô˻
ǸĬˣ֮Ҳûش𣬵ҵЦ˵곤ϲ㡣ȻҸǱˮʱϹ㣿
ϱ¶𣿡֪곤ι㡣
ģЦ̣Լ˸ɵӡ
ϳˣҰǵĸ߲㶼ڱ˵УǿſţЦ
ûҵ곤ֱǲĿ˹صİϳǹ߶д
ȻҰҲ˵һĹԱЩĴĴǰֱ塣
ϳѾ֪ˣ֪Ϊ˵곤ġռչԡ
˹ԲҰڲȨ棬Ǹյٽһһдңױ̬
е⣬Ҳ
˹̧ͷ΢ЦĶ󣺡ʲôе
ǹ
˹ɫ۾ͫ΢һֳϷĸ߿ƼҲǸռļҰǵȺ

ѹǱҪҰǵȨȡϵ
ִ߿ƼĶҲܽ׵
ҰǣֻҪеģֻҪ룬ûʲôܡЦеģᣬٽһֻῴʱͲڵļ۸ˡ
˹Ƭ̣һ𸴡
ϸ΢Ķ͸ڵĹϵݵγĸ׳λã۸ŷ˳·
ʵ˵Ų·޷
յٽ³ۣ֪ʲôҪٰ֮ǰĻ
ҳӡ
Լƹݵĵ곤ҪԷ
⣬ܼԥ곤κ롣
Ǳˣ˭Ұǵĳ
³˵ͷƿرҩرۣƺҰǵġδҲĸ׺ں̾ı顣
ǡʴһڳɹλú󣬱֮ǰҪ¹ţ·Ҫ֤ʲôһ㣬º·ʧǡ
µǣ˲Ķˣмкý
Ұǵδʲôеã
ʱĵ³ǣ¥ٴλصڡ
¶㱻˴ѰʵҲ߸ϵϳǣľȾѪĻʹڡֻܿ鱦貣
תһȦʹ˿ı뿪ˡ
ȻǰСѣллһ̡
ŵݵĴңСѵ˶ȥŵĻǲࡣ˫۾￴һͬ飬͵³ǵĹƺû
뵽⣬ԼЦʲô͵³ǵĹ߱ȣ
¥Լӵ³ǳˣʱɡֿտգÿȥ硣·˵ȥ˵³ǵ˶֣곤ôͳˣûСʱ
ûʲôġ
³ǻûʲô氡
¥ҡͷȥǺӱߵ㡢̤ࡢԽһ³贵𣿡
٣档
Ե³ʲô棿
¥Цˣڵ³Ƿ·еҲʻ
ԺǻкܶܶĶ
Ųӵ̧ͷȴѳɡϸУЬˮвȳһȦȦƺҲǺġ
ȵϣƹݻûţſѾѹѹһȺˡ˵£˵곤ڵ³ǻһȦˡ
֪곤˵ȵ˼
˼ڰһ첻ʲô賿ĵҴӴΪһõĵ㣬ĵԶѹ
һ˵㣬һȺ˾ͣȷ˼ǶΪ㣬Ϊ˵±ͺгɾ͸Уܷġ
ǰܶ˻Ŷ֪ԼΪ
ʲôȻҲûҵĿ꣬ﲻǿյġΪ㣬Ǻܶ˻ύͬãȺһĶʮֳʵ
Ⱥﻹżģһߣκͱ˲̬ͬҲڲͬ
˿ࡣ𷢴СüȺǰŶԤԼר˰ᣬȴԼ׵㡣
ٵġ곤ľƹݺܻӭȥζȥʱǰˡ
ұ֤еĵȴмֵġ
ǾǺں飬ڷͺ췢֮ǰΣ𷢴СȴǵڶǴξƹݻʱˡ
һӲӵĽ𷢴Сͷʱ䣺ðɺðɣһΡ
Ļƹƺͷ۾ƶʺŮԣֺգԡ
ҵǸϲַζľǰδ֪䷽췢ŮùԼĴˡ
Щο;ôڲĿϣһ˵źͨ˺оĻ⣬һߵȴƹơ
ͬȴƹݿŵϿ˸п곤ľƹԶôĽǰﻹԺУ˭˵Ұûкö
ţȺһ㲻͵СܲתһȦûǸһæҰǳ¡Ҫջߣ۽ȴɨһˣüͷ
곤ħԽԽˡ
Ŀֱףŵ˲ͷԿ˹¶ǳԵЦݡ˹ͬԼЦҿٻͷһֵ΢̧°͡
ϰ
ֹ̧֣δڵĻɴЦ
ʱ԰ﲻǵ̣Ҫ飬Ͳάңڻҵ¡
亹ֱðŵŵͷ
ʱδδȥȴĿӵĻƵƵʱ䡣
ɫĵ͵ůͶ£š֨ѽһˣ곤һվڹ̨оƹݵϰкţӭ١


47 
ƹݵſ, Χſڵһѷӿ
ϤĿѾԼ˿ձȥͰɨ뵹ơ
곤˼ľͰơơͺơÿֶٱơ, ơƶʺúȡ
ܡٱͱˮ¼ˣһ۾ͷ־ˮűϲĿ˴ʧ
СܲҲ, ϲɲҲӰ
ع, 첻Ѿȥ˵, ҪճЩλ÷µľơ곤˵
µľأ
ûá

ÿӵĵ곤ȻԼģô, ֻЦ˵곤, Ҫż
ȺһʶƹơοͣűŽ, ʲôණ
ô, Ҫ, ǧ, մȾϡµˡζ
һƹȻ͵, 滷, ǻǲʵֽţüҰչơ
ǰûȥϳ, ûľƹݰɣڷ˺ͺ췢ŮѾεġ͡ǰŸԵϲõƣŸĽŽ, Աߵ˵Ц
϶ûдһҹô죿𷢴Сü, һ鶼̫á
곤ÿžˮ涼дƵԭ, ź, Ϊ䷽ϴЩԭҲвǿġ
ѣλ췢Ů֣ȴ鲻ĴСӿ
ҳԳ⣬⸺𣿡
ƹݺȻΪ֮һֻص
ǣѾʼȾƵҰ仰ǺسЦĶСһΣյģ㻹ǶӹůȽϺá
һľͻ˵ѡ񲻺ȣԼúʲôúʲô֪Ҫչ㣿
˵ĴСѾˣû˵곤Ѿˡ
Ʊڹ̨ϣȵƿ԰һ㣬ŰЩľƿͣӵĶһӦõģǰѯܺù֮ڡұ˭ϣǿԸ߸˽߸˻ؼҡ
ϿȻһͨеԼ˵̬ȣûʲô
֮곤Žһݸ֮ǰ޵ĴС㣺µʳƷǣĹԴ֪Щʲʺˡ
𷢴С촽΢ţ㶽¡
ٴС¼󣬵곤˾ƵĿ˵ƣǳԡı鵭ģҲ̸һְ̬վ
Ҳȥж°ٱԣһƣϴˡ
ҰǰûĵطһȺһԳԺȺȣõͻȻϮ
ôӦø׼ȷһ㣬ûĵطûûǮûλûдڸе˿Խȥĵط
곤ǳҲһĺ
ʳƷǵĽ𷢴С̲ס곤һûǰȥľƹ
ϰڣ֪ΪʲôĮԽԽ졣
ؼ̨ǰǸʲôƼľ𣿡
СһӲӵĹݳƷ⻹һѵõˣõһŨޣ곤пˣʲôƫã
ʲôԣŶҪ̫ģ̫ҲҪһ㡣
Ƽƣ֦ơݮƶԽҾƣﻹмϺˮζھơ
һСȺ壬ΪǸŵСܲÿ˹Ǽŵĺ̡
һֱŵ곤ؽЩƵľƾȡڸСζص㣬ǸѲĴС߼ϡ
֮ǰЩѾ곤һ飬רҵЩоԸص㣬оϲã
Ҳ֪Ӧô˵ҪЩΪҵϱˣôܻĵطʵʵƹݵĵ곤
㲻
Сܲÿ˹һֱǱߣǴżģҲҪЯʱʱźͻ׿ռťرĿռչ
Ըıʽĸ߿Ƽ뾡£ԽԽá
곤һűڵ˼̨ǰѽ𷢴С㶼һȥ𷢴СŭĿӣϸ΢Цܲã곤ãʺ־ƣ
ķơ
ķƣ̧ͷھˮңȴҲ
곤˵ֻǴӹ̨óһССİľľͰź㡣
ͰˣŨҾеĴ̼ζɢ
Ũķƣˮϡͣĸͣ»ȡ
ľͰϵĸӣʼơɫľˮСװ߽űУɢֺͷ۾ơ׾Ƶ̫һ
˲ԶǧҰǣ˳ľơ
Ͼƿ̲ס´İĿˣ˭ʲôΪʲô곤رΪȡ¾ƣ
Ľʺޣȴ֪곤ŵ˱ð亹ֱõ곤һ۾ͽ͸ˣΣվͲھˮۺ
ҪķƵĹ𣿡곤һūǺó׹¡
˻ֱ˵ʲôԵĻǵ곤δѳūĹ¡
Ϊ汻죬ΪСӶᣬūڸǵѪҺ۵ĸ֭Ϊǿеʳʣ²ҪĸãƳⱭơ
ⱭӦǿģΪǺūᡣ
һʼūǺȵķƲûΪǴøģûмǡⲻǹ˺ȵľơ
룬˵ʲôҧסͷҧѪżѵ³⼸֡
ֻڽ
ȻǺܾԶĹ£ﲻԶƽƽ棬Эƽƽ
䣬˵ָһ
곤˵úãƿй˾ֻ
һ䣬̲סкãǵû˹̨ߵ
˹֪ݣҲ˵ˣûӦҲ¶ͬ顣
Ƕ֧ʵӮصˡ
ɫԽףվЩѪڵҰм䣬ȺѼӡ
곤һЦλˣľơ
ƷǰɫľҺζҴ۵ѾȫȷԼ͸ˣһж͸ġ
Щ˵ƺһһˡ
ɵ곤ǱģӶ񣬷ǲмǸӵģתӱܵ
ԶҡǶԵģǶԵġһظָŸ߽űѱ۶ϡ
곤óƺһߺţһ߳ĬؿһоƣǱ뿪
һ֣ͿˣҲϳˡ
ǳξס˲࣬һ
ڻ֮£ϣܱ˿ʵڲ׳ҵģźģҲҧгݵġ
˲κһ֡
Ҫʲôǣ㱯࣬㲻
𡤽ɭ
ͽ˼顢߹ˡ
ɵһ߼һȺʱҸ˲鷳ִԲ
ǵӾӵһ ھʮżķɣһݻĴ϶֡ 
ǵһټ 󣬴ңȴתǸˡ 
ͬ˲ͬǸ۵ʵߣҲǵһ뿪ĸȥѧġѧ
ǿҲĴ˽ԽԽǿһϣ
һ֣ûκһ㷴أõĽǳΪߣ֡
һеļƻ޷Ʒǰᡣ
ԽǸЭɡ
޷ֿѡ롣
߽ѧϰļͷһļΪĴˡ
ʵ٣֮ǰǸ곤ġƹЭᡯˣ
ͬǵײԹ࣬ƴͿ͵ȴָԡ桯ֿüأٱϣȹء
ֻҪܻǹҲá
ֶΣˣһֻΪԼĿġ
Ǹӵɶǧвϧ浱ӣȴֻΪõļȫͶĸǽ衣Ǯȴúܽڼ󣬻ӣѧϰ߼ļ
ΪϣҲδ
ʮһգҲΪĸһĿѧңҲͬʱһߡ
־Ըϣᣬеظܵһֺһǻȡ顣
ΪһֵƳĿģŬ
˶Լķ᧿Σĸǣֻǽ
ѡˣˡ
ڲ˽Ĳбڲ˽Ľ
ֻüľӳǰһϢ߻˵Ȩ
Щ֧ȥ࣬ʧȥ֮ҲȻɵײ㣬ʸûеĵײ㣬־ǰ
곤ľƣѾκ¡
ڵξѾ̫һǻΪһЭɣᡣ
һ֣ϣ޻ڡ
곤һԶĺ˾ƹˣҲ˵곤ע⡣ƹѾϯ˼ƴŬؼ̨ǰ곤㿴ң
һͷƵͷȻһ۵ĺۼģǸлꡣ
곤Ұ
ôСûһص㣬˭֪Ҫ˵ʲôһֱ߽һһϸͨ
ͨһ·ߵ곤ǰ곤ǰ´һȥˡ޸ҩҩԱ
ԭˡ
ʵ곤֪ǰ´ˣŷְֻܽ´ûнϷôָģ
ԭѾʼ޸ҩ
Ļ֢Ҫ׽
곤̲סȾˣȴΪϲ
ʲôƣ롣


48 
Ű´ĳ, ƹ
޸ҩˣʲôʱУ
ôҲʵɣҩеģ
ⲻǴϷõ䷽𣿻Ҫʵ飿
ҲûȾˡ
Ұǵ˶Ϊòġܹ޸ٿԻؼ翴һź
СϺ, ָ뿪ҰǣҲмˡѶʯһֱ
޸ҩĳ, ӰǷģѾʶ±ｫ֣˳ĿԳϷͷ˼⣬򱻺˳¡
¥Ѿ뵽ȫָ֮顣Ǹʱ͸ȫ׷ϡѡͥ
ͬʱ, һϵԾ׿ƼƷ֡
ŵ, ľѾ, СʳҲˣƾǲߡ곤ذĸƴһȻ齫, ۽ǳ鴤һ¡
ҰǵˣҲв̭ľɰȫϢ, ˶ܽȫϢʱ, ǷϲֶֶԵΡ
꼾ˡ
ȷ, ҪҪٰһӱأȻ񵽶һ¨, ٰ, ʺ͵һΪ佱Ա
ѣصľŷ죬˴һ¥˳ķ򿴹ȥ, һŲɫͷʧصط, һŵ
յǸٽ䴫
ôˣ
˹˵ľƹ, ˫, ŭĿӵĿˣûлͷһۣǰһ·̨ǰ۾ų¥˫ڹ̨ϣָۡ
˭
˼ľƹݣ˭
Ҫ˭¥
˹˵Ҳ֪ԼҪ˭ֻǿ˵˲䣬ǿտһ˲䱻ŨҵжˣƵƬʱδĳ嶯
Ϊƾ츳ӵСӣ˹һ侲¶ʵǰλṩ߿Ƽĵ곤
Ǹڣ˹סԼɿָϴŨŨʧ䣬ʧˡ
¥۾·ܿƤҺꡣ
ͻȻ֪ʲôҲ֪˵ķһжֻ΢紵棬ˡ
ҪǸĻײЩ˵¥䵭ûа·ϣҲû˷ϡ
˹˫ǳɫ۾Ҫҵһڵĺۼһ㶼ûС
ıţﲻļһΡ
·𿴵һ̻Ի͵İɫŰ۵߹ĸǰϽΣ챦ʯѪѩ׵ļڵأµ̧ͷ
ĵʹÿ˹ǰһڡƺʲôھҪ첻ɴo
¥ſ
ĳһۣ֮΢΢ǰ㣬ֱѹڹ̨ϣ˭
᲻أ˹ȴܵϢǿ򶨣ҺԤԼ¹µĸˣ˹
ֻ
ֻ˹ͷȥֱ˫ۡ
ס˵Ļ¥ֱӪҵԵ΢Ц
ںһִꡣ϶ǸͽɱһΡ
ûİǵһǿ࣬ǵֻ±Ӣۡ
һ
ĳɽ๫˽ӣΪļ˾ȴ¶ͼ
¥ɱȴֲԸ˽ֻسΪӢۡʱҲʢܰί
˵̦ʯ꣬Ԩÿձ紵ţʹ޷
ǵʱеʧһСִִƬֻشϳµĻǣֻء
һǰˡ
ͶԨĻǧʯ꣬ͶֻصԴ䣬ǳֲҡ
¥ɺʧȥĶ
αٰͶĵطӴ˶Թ塣
ڤڤ֮Ӧ˹öͷЩʹ΢ĳʹЩŵĶƺʲôĨ
˹ǻˣŹ̨ĵ곤Ȼ˽֣ӦеΪ
ƻ𣿡
ûˡ
˹ڹ̨ǰƺʳﶼѾ꣬š
˹һֱעŹ̨ҡžƱòľˮڱϻһȦ˼
˹ھƹݵȵʮһɢͬȵɢĻСܲÿ˹
⼸Ұ¶࣬͵±סţСܲú˳õ˵곤Ľɣǹ֮һܹ
ŴûԤԼֻʧ뿪
ǿ󣿱ˣǻ˼
¥ھƹݶ¥ӴǣڹһŴԲžͲˣδҲ׳ҡ
Ը˹ģǲ۵мˡ
ǵǼűо豸ͻеٵģǮƿõȼ۵ĻƷ֡
˵ڲڻѵר¥ȻֱҪס
ӵеļںڰϷƴʱûֻȡġȻѾϷ壬ôЩ˵Ҳûôˡ
ʵֱ͸ǶУĸǴܡЩץģúȤо仰˵ôϸŵĲԼĲŻϧ
ɺͿ˹ĽףֺͿ˹˵˹޽ѵע
ĳЩϰǹͨ˳ֻ˰Сʱ
ڼ˹һֱûߣڿ
λȲ衣̸꣬
ƽظ˵裬ȴЩн
ǵݣ⵹Ҳʵ顣
곤ûȥĵطƹݣСܲСպļҵһʱ䴫ŵùˣٴЦ¥
ȥĵط¥˼˻Ŀǰû㡣
ĿǰҲ˵ųԺ뷨СܲõЦʱԽӺ㣺лĻ곤ȥǼŸµ
Ŷɸȥײǿ
ǻǸĿɾ򣿡¥ʡ
ǿɾҲΪͻоغ鳡ȤСܲʲôö˵ˡ
鳡¥Ų裬ۿɼ£µľٿԶ˻𣿡
ǣϸʮģѾ
СܲöԼҵ쳣ȻѾֻ޸ҩôȫҲǳ飬Ļ׺бҪ
׿Զ̲װԲߵҪҲȽϵͣʺƹ㡣ϻῴǵӰ
ԽһףҪǧָ߿Ƽҵ֧֣Ǽܶɼʵۺ
ʵϣĸҲǹ֮һ޽ʹʱŵģһֱڿƼǰأζҪ³¥ıʱźͿռչ
ʵϡ
ۿŵ곤עŵļ̳ߣ˹̲סҪתעԼǲѾڻǴפ곤Ի׸ȤȥۿʵսѾͶʹõ˫̬ףдιս
Сܲÿ򿭶˹ЦɣֻЦⲻ۵ס
˹ͬͶȥ޵Եһۡûַ񣬵ɱܵ׷ĳ˵Ŀ⡣
¥˵ü۹˾ȤֻǸпһҰ̫СһȺæڶѹˡ
ˣͿ͡
СܲúͿ˹ţھƹſվǸſ˹ľˣұСܲõļıڣɱӡ
˹ٽǻҪϻս𣬾Ȼɧűˣ⡣Сܲһϵıʯۣһ͸ĤȻʧҲǼŵ¿Ƽ֮ǰµ곤룬㱣֡
СܲС˹һžͻָǸ侲ٽˡ񽻽ӵ£˹˵
žƹſڵĺͻȻˣŰ׵ſ˸оԼ곤䵭£
һٽһԵܲãĬ룬һԲԼˣٲߣ곤òˡ
΢


49 
磿
һ, Ϊûأû뵽Լһһ
ҵҪҵˣ
˼ץץͷûСôƣһΪˡ
Լһ˰
Ŷȥ˯ˡֳ, ҲҴ룬ŽŸϽ߽Լ䡣ɳϵûжҲûͷ
һ, һ˳ɳԣƹݵ곤Ӵ˸ŵĿ˹, Լյٽ˹
˫ʮָ棬۾ҵ£ûж, ȴڷת
˹ĿĺȷΪ˵곤ļ˹ǵѵĸ, Ӵ곤Ϊ˵ѵ޽Ҳ뽻곤е
û֪곤ﻹжٺö
㲻ֻ⣬Ҳ⡣
ڰϷļɢ, ҪԭҪѴʱ䡣ӵ곤õļģӲϵ豸ɵʽѧ
ڵ곤ųĻֻֿռ似˭֪ûпвĶ
ǾԽֹƼ, һжƿڡ˹ڸ, ʱܲûĸס
һѪֱܲӾܾ˶Էϵͳ￪šĲҪ֮žͽ嵥
һֱ֪Լֹ, ûбİ취
ʵ곤嵥ֻεĴɱûгɹ
, ̽ĿġȻ, żһ, ƻĿͷûпʼѾĶӡ
Զƽƽ棬Эƽƽ
ָսϲ¶ۼ
Ļġȫ͸ˣ԰æйеĸ飬ᱣˡǡ
˵Ȩ޲
˵֣˵ǼߣҲϵȦһʲô£˻һʱ䶯ɱ

ƹݶ¥Ѿ˵ƣ¹ɳϣһѵߡ
ͻȻʹһǿӲĵ곤ɳϣʨļ䣬
ɳɽһ߰ǳǳĴϢϸָŲ豭ڷϣһβˮ˳ָ䡣
ǳǳϢɫһʡ
ۣ豭䣬ˮɽ϶һƺ
ССƺ·װľˮôҲꡣľˮʪɳ档
ȹ˾ˮƺҲѹ總֮ҵʹɳķ壬Ҳۡ
¹⻺תĺҲƽ
ڰһֻ԰׵ָҹɫһǣһӰӺҹ߳Ϲ̺ɳǰŲ˯Ĳ
ҹɫӰɳ£Ĳ豭
𣬷źã֮ͷɳϵˡ
һӣӣ֪˶ã֣ƺҪɳϵ˱
ϣֲŽӴ΢Ŵɸеļɳϡ˯šĳ¥ۡ
Ӱһ񣬾Ƭ̣¥Ѿһֻѹɳǰ㣬һֳֻɳһֻ˲ָкâ˸ˣ
ôãӦø˰ɡ
ϵɱ¾ζصѪ¥ȴʮᡣ
ֻǲϲ˶ţ⻹Ƕ⡣
̬ⱻѹɳһǣŷ֣ͷܿ¹³¥
ǳɫϵģȴһ޷ӵĴڸС
ó鲻ԽȥҪȷʵãֱ¥ѹɳϡ
˿ͺڷŴڳ¥ȱߣ໥ӡ
֡¥һգգ۲ÿһϸ΢顣
ڡ
¥۾΢΢
һֱǸɢˣϲ򵥻ǵʱ֡ʲô͸ɴͬһʫͬʵ֡
¥ڡ
ҡĿȻɿ֣Ȼҡ
㣬Ҳ㣬ǴϣеõƵ˵۾һֱ׷Ż谵͵Ӱ
ǿˣԴʬɽѪ˵ȴò˽ĽӲͲȻ¥Щɣʲô˼
ʲôдϣе
ϵ̧֣ӻóһڰٺ͵¥ǰ
ģʱ޷㡣Ҫңֻ衭仨Ҫ˺Լˡ
ȻĻվû˵ꡣ
¥źڰٺվǸѾʧˣʱһͻȻ
ˣʲô£Ľʨӷռ
ûʲô¥ڵϣץҵĳȴ΢Ը˿ϲܿصı顣
ԭԼ
Ȼ֪ϵġԼԸ񣬼ڻˣҲ˺Լ
ǿŵġ
¥ӿĿײҪţϲŭַ·һ˷ֵһֱ̲סҪһ
˼̫ΣˡŬؿܣȴ̲סŰ˿ڶʹ
˻¥ᵹɳϣסۡ
ڶ졣
ֻһ϶ѣҰǵϲ˷粨
ʱ齨Ҷ³Ҫǲָҵĸ٣ϷԴȡʵԴͨ
ǴϷõԴԵļ۸ߣһְ
Σ³ǵİ³˳ͻ˵³ıڱˣεļ̳һغ³ͨ
Ȼܲϣʾ³Եݡ
ЩǾƹȾƵĿ˵ģ
ণΣ
ҰҲΪ³¹ѻð죬ֻڷм³һλȲԼˣ£Ȩɺܶˡ
Ҳ֣ӹ㵽ͨˣƺû˶³кøС
ҰģѲ߶Ӵ˵ߣ֮ɹ¥뵽Ѳ߶ЩΪױýȫܵÿʹЩƨ£ֺøڵϵĿϧ
ҰңĿ˶࣬һ͵⼸ĵ̽п಻
Щԣ¥ְ촽ССش˸Ƿ
³ҪҰǵ⣬·ֱ̫˵֮
Ѿģҩǣʲôˡ
ʵֻҪҰǵĳ˭ȤʮĲΪ档ο³ûгξɼá
ǸǸµĻ
ϣе
Ȼȥ
ź󣬺ס
ţûи𣿡
ʲôոĳ¥üĸܣֻкǶnpcҺˡ
ĺһӣǰÿȱ˼ڤͻȻɣԨѣڤԨϵħҲ˹ߡ
Ҳ
ĳ¥̳ӣˡ
ߣôͻȻ⣿
ˡڰϵϢˡǿô᲻֪Լ϶ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ûм
ڤҲʮ꣬ôܼһ§ž̳ӣһֲػӻӣܳ˳Ԩ˻֪¡
ʮꣿ
Ϊʲôʮꣿɺϣǡ
غþ̳ӣһͷͿ¥Ƿôˣ
磬Ůĳ˯


50 
¥ûеõŮϢ
ǳ, ȴ޷֮̽һԸ⣬¥Ҳҵ
ǣҲŮ, ˫ǰ
ǲ֪ˣǸڤ
˫̥һ, ͬǲ˵, ǲ˵
Ϊʲô
ڤ˸£ܵҲɫˡҪľ档
ŲǴ, Լǹȥˡ
֮, ǿЦ, ڤԺ͵˵ȽϺʡ
˾Ͳˡܵܲһ䡣
¥ڷġԼ, ɫ۾ҹɫһ, ޷ô³
ͻȻֵʱǶûɣʡ
ڤԨһʱӦ, ûбƭĿܡȻǸոտڤʱҲܾȡϾֿѵһģһֻǺڷȫȻͬ
ϧǲǰ, һͱԭء
˵ֿѳ¥Ưƣôڤʾ͸ʬǶѻɽǿûмʵʵ, ֮
ǵĲ֮ھڤͳ¥
ڤ¥ԨڣڰԼܿĹ
⡭ڤ뿪Ѿܾáǲ׷ȥ, Ǹ, ʵڰﲻʲôæ
źѱ֮Ψֲģ, ¥ֹˣôҲеߵģڰųɣ
òʲʲô˴˿ֲԨ¥ֻø˫ǡ
иֱٴγ֡
Ǹʱ򣬾ȥȫĵطúʡ
һҹȥ³Խӷܾ塮󣬻ɳץ
Ȼ־ܣҰֶ༸ߺʬ塣
ЩʬֱӶǺӣһǶڻˮ·רž˭ҰϰΪ˿ܲˡ
ɿֱܻӿ˻ңֹͣΪֹ߱ͣ
ûȷ飬ֵ˽֪˭кôҲɡ
³˱ָűӣȲãǿЦţֻҪ֣ԸһΣһϣܺúõģҲĸ׵Ը
ʵʱ˳ҪѹƲסĵ׷ӿ
²˳ͷѾɣ˶ʧص״̬
˳³ŵڰЦһðǾ͵
Ƕ˳ŵμӻļﶼֹۣ˿ɲˡ
ᵽζ𣿡ϷŸññܡ
ŵˣɭüͷ壬û뵽³ǿЧҩֹ˶ȥ
ԽԽ
ϣٺ¶ˡֻϣܺúùȥΪҰˣҲҪˡ
Ȼһ΢ԸҲûб㡣
ʵҴȼ˳ҩͷúޡ
˻ûжã³ͻȻ˵󣬽뻻ʽĶܾĸ³ûоʹ˰ݡ
ն࣬ԳϷСϷ档
ϷдɱģڰϷɱϷٰϳǣٱʱ죬ȳ
ͨڰϷʽҡ
ΪɱϷҪμϷǩļۡ
ϷʱΪСʱĴƽֽء
Ϸ顮ߡĿ֣ѡǮΪ̣Ǯ뽱ء
Ƿ𣿡տҰǹ㶼ɵˡ
֪Ⱥû뵽ôȺҰҪȡĶ󣬲ô㡣һֱΪشԵİȻ˵˾мصĻ
ҪǣΪȻҰǵľ֡ܺܺõؽΪҰĿʼץĸñͷɫ֦˲ˡ
ǲڹϮǵġΣ
᲻˱ʱͷڸɿһԣ֮ǰͲ²˱ʲô档ǻ᲻ְ취̽ǵң
޿ܡϵͷ϶ֿԡ
ʲôԭҪľǽ͵˵
ʵϣΪ˳ʱͷ˭ȣ˹ܼȷϣôˣ
ûУֻһδλش𣺡ǵġ
̫Ѩ֪޴嶯ҲΪʲô˵ԭ򡣲һöǷˡ
ҰȺֲûӣǾĳλϡ
ǳ²ࡣ
ϷͬҰڵۡ
ǵȡЩ͡
ǵֵǮ𣿡
Ⱥŭ˵֮ǰŬȡ̬ȣôھǡ
Ұǲܸһ˵Ҿ뿪
ԣ뿪
ңȥȥΪϲŴҰǵǸоѣЩĻ䡣
ɱĹǵأ¥ϵÿʱÿ̶ˢ£ҰЩֻͷͨ˶֪ˡ
ϢٴأΪҰǵĶһȷ֤ݡ
һвֹӡ
Ǯ˴ǮҪһɱʽҵĴ̼һҹǹڣҿٱƽڡ
ΪЩǮֵʽǲμ˱
Ҳ֪ʲôʱϷȻΪҵļǮ
ֹͣСϷҰǵĹ³һΣϡɿɡɭ͵¡
ҲУҲУعҲ³
Ǿû̸ˣƽʡ
żûб³Ҳһ⣬ϻǿţҲǳҪ췴
Ҳ·ߴˣʱͷˣˡϵ뿪˳֮һ;ߡ
Ǻ³ɢǶ֪ƽļάֵ
άֲ
е㻳ϳ򡣡˵ҵҽܿˡ
ϳûϵҲܼһĬĿ͵¿ڣѾˣҰǴڵ塣
Ұǵ˻ǸϷʱ򽱽Ѿƽڡ
˭֪Ϸô¡
ɱϷȫϢ粻٣ʵȴ̫࣬Ͼѹ⻹ǵһϷ
󲿷ҲԸΪǸĴȥϷԴԻɸණҲмǮӲͷƤ
ҲҪ¥һ֪ͣǹǵĶҩҲҪһԣ
ˣֲǶңÿҲֻǿˡԣĽҲһ
ȱ٣
ʮ򡣡
ʮҪȥ
ԭЩ˵ֵֻʮ
¥˵ƣȴ֪Ƕ˵ʵһ굽ͷڿҿҲò򣬶ʮһ֡
عͷͣ£ת߻޷ֹ㣬Ҳûֹ㣬Ҫ
곤лл㣬ҡ˵һ룬Щס
ûԴҲ츳ı˵ˣôŬƴڵҲЩ˶㡣
Ŭûõĵ곤Թˣûã
ڷҪͳһǼۣˣѾûа취ˡ
뿪֮󣬳¥һ˳Ĭá
ſ˿˵ŬûáָǶġ
Ŭôûã
ڣͨʵץסģԼŬŬûãνעģеļƻֻһЦ
¥ɿ֣ûдļƻҲûдĳЩŬûãǾ͡ĳʧ
һ˵³˭ҲںҰǵЩ˾ׯڵء԰ҩʩʳ棬ɲΪṇ̃ġ


51 
, ৣҰֿʼ, ΪǺĳ¥ڴĲݮ, ˺˰װֽ
ԭںҰǵĳ˭Ҳںٳ졣ڣϣ̨
, Ҫһš
ţ
һӰпδĿ͵µŸ˿, 󻹸һںƷѲ߶ӡ
ѵڰ쿴㡣
¥ҧŰǣ˵Ҳ, ͵½üɿ, ۵׻мûкúϢ, 췢ȴԽ
곤, ̲סˡ
¥Űǣ۾·˹ߴ̼ƵİУûʲô£æİɡ
á
͵¾ҲӦˣ·Զ·Ϊ˼һ棬˵仰
Щ⣬ȴɣֻѵúϴһ·صס
ʱĵص׻Ǻӱһѵ, һվļһոհɼǡ͵²֪ʲô, ߹ȥסǸˡ
áסսս, ΪԼЩɷѲ߶ӡ
͵ȴûֱǸݮͼİǣǮ
һֵ̫, 涼֪ڧ, ̫ע⡣͵뿪󲻾, Ͼҵ¥
϶³ǲǼᶨġʵڱƵҳ·³ӣĸ׵ķ裬ȴûĸ׵ӡ
ҰĹؾǱŽᣬһСƵط׾ͱ˺Ƭ
Ҳһ󲿷ֹߵ뷨Խʱ򣬾ԽҪȡ
³ҪУúóԷҪѷһˣֹҪս
ΪʲôҪ˵Щ¥ֵͻȻãͻȻ˵һѣǻлѽ
Цһ䣺곤ϲҰ𣿡
¥룺ϲ
ʵ磬࣬ϲģһҲǿɰοҰɳıʯ
簮ʢķï뿴ܱöãܽٳĹʵܳضٺѩŶ䡣
ܵʣ곤Ķ
ңͣĵطҵļ硣
ֱӵı׼𰸣һ˲䶼Ȿ͸ҰǵˣɭǷ˼ͷҲ
Ҫһ³Ϊʲôǵ곤
ҰǷһҲûҵҪҵˣûջ񣬿͵Щƣصסšü˼ܾã˼ˣȫϢСҡ
ҽʧˡ
ȻֻʧСʱӦ㲻ϡʧ١ѾͿ͵Լü棬ȴһֱûг֣ͱ÷ǳɡ
ǡɭһģѾһɱˣ߱ĸϳȰ㲻ϻĸס
һǶ֪ļƻҰǱɷϳһֱڷԣǶ֪ǷӦģСȥ
졣ɿɺҰǵڲڹ豸Էʲô𣿡
ӳ뿪Ȼȥһ˵µڶ㣬֮ͲˡһȫͶӰƵ
ʲôڻң³ǵĹ߰š
ֻڳʵоðһΪԼĵڹ˿ӡɿĮ
ǳһѼΪʲôѹֱˣתֱ³ѡΪһֶ
ҶԵڹһߣ㣬ɿɣ˭֪Ǻǵ곤ģˡ
˵ûҲֻǻǺӣҲǵ곤ģ׼ڵ޽һѵҲÿɳܣúܸˣֵòˡɿЦʲô벹𣿡
Ϊ飬һܴһǾͻᳳڿɿɺͰͳûгþͱֹ
ҪҵǸоΣԼãǡ鷳ˡ硣
ҰҲһִġʵһЩܹϳǰĶ飬ûɣҪ³÷Ѳپ
ҰУҲģںˡ
һУ֧˲̫ࡣҡͷ
һ֤λ۵㣬Ҳ˳ѡ˳Ҫһ̲裬һһҧ顣
ɿɶ˽ۣĶʲôͦġ
ûʱˣǶ֣ǵȥ
˻ӣһӣ֣̲󡣡
סЩˡϲ䡣
Ұǵΰҡ͵ͬŵ
Ǿˡ
СҺ󣬿͵˿ɿɣ˵곤׼޻ѵ
ɿԴ´ѿ͵¿ûڣֱʣڿʲô
ʲôʱ곤Ի

곤޻ѵϢ֪˲࣬Ϊʦ͹˶Ǹٮٮߡ뵽˰ɣ곤ÿռչЩȻû޺ã޺֮ŻõĻѵ֮һ
ʲôϵȻѵͿҪ˷ܵε͵»ǲʲô
ǺǡɿɰһۣΪĳһԸǽ¡ҪѵԸֶµػҪʵԸǵ곤ԭ
˵֪͵¶ôƴ齨һ֧׶Ŀɿڻ̲סЦԹ󿪻׽ϰˣ곤˵Ժѡ
͵һɵǶֻнս׶һСġ
ؿڣҸҪǡ˵еı
ڧɰת֮
Ұǵһ̱һѹ֣꽫㡣
΢ƽһֱάֵ硣
ĵصڵ£ӵ³ȴ޷Ҫᣬֻȥϳֱݡ
¥ǵһȥϳǡ
ϳǲһ϶ѻĽ֮ʣгŵͻأ
չĿͣսƽ̨ԣֵӰһԴЧսһתĴͿͣ͡޸ƽ̨кĸ
Ŀⳤİٶף͸òˣ߰˰еġգѵײȫڵˡ
͸ˣΪˡɱϷԭͬͣսƽ̨ϳǵչһȦ״ƽ塣
ƽּչϲϳɼһƽ棬ĵϳǳгɺҶϵˮ顣
ƽϻʲôǲ֪ôη
˵ԭϳǻסһСҰǵǹ⣬ôϳǣסҰ֮һĹ⡣
޴ϳɫƣȴƽԵ쵽ҰǸƽݶԶԶĿȥϳǾǱеģʥǸUFO
˸ķҰǵңߣҲǽҹ˵ķĹ
¥ź£źɡпС
볡ȯĿŸɫſıȻڿӦĴЦ߽ȻҪڲߴһߴһ
ǵģڵȴɱĿʼ
ʲôʱſʼһȫϢʰɣŵСͿ˸֬ʺ촽﷢һЦ
ͬǸڵˣظֺãȻ˵һεĲμȫʽҡҲֻҰֱʣطۼôԸμϷʽҡ
˵ĲԶߣʨӵĽ
ոõܵȥˣС£ʺϿЩ
жʱ䣿
жʮӡ˿ʱ䣬һȷϣǶʮӡ
֮ͻ뿪ٴ֮ǰҲ֪ҰǵĹô¡
νϷѾڣֹܳͣҲ޷ʧȥģһߡ
ǻôأ
ʱɱһɫװСܲÿ˹Ҵ߹ûлͷһЩͶӰ
ԺҰ޴ĳңôǰͶԴǴˮƯˡϧ˵곤
Ȱ곤뿪ĺʱ


52 
ҰǵԽԽ, ߶ʡ޴ĻӵҲڸˡ
ģϳǵһЩݳľˣǲμⳡϷҡѾ˳¥, û˿, ǿյġ
, ⳡɱůıǿ볡ȯ͡
μӴɱҰЩ, ҲѾ׼
¥ɡԹһĵƹ֮ľ޴ƽ̨Ǵɱ
׷ɱֻҪܵϳǵڴӮЩ׼׷ɱǵģշأѹѹȺ
ϷĹֱ, ԭʼԡ
Щ廨ŵķ׷ɱƺҰЩȨ
ɱ˺Ϸоľ, ֪ûС
¥
ֻһ˳ɡ, Ũ޵ɫҲ˵Ŀ⡣
ҰѾҹ, Ҫ޻Ǻӵʱ˳ͨܵ, Ұǵĵһ⻧ѾС
, ǵ곤ɡǾǵ곤ôⳡϷע⵽
μӴɱΪ˻, û˵, ܶ˻Դ, СɡͱüΪĿ, ֮ⶼܿ
ӰҲĻ, Ҵ뿪Сܲͣ½Ų, һֱ΢ЦĽҲ
ô£ɱ¾Ĵ̼߲, вٶ֪곤Ĵ, ǵĿɽﲻĴڡ
ꡢ곤Ա亹ð񱼵ߴطˣҴȥϳǡ
ûߴ˵Ϸܺ棬Աμˡ
ˣԱĺˮһˡ
׬ǮסɡӰ£Цݴ˵а
Ұĳ
λоˣϿǼԭϳˡ⼸ǵǰݵĹߣûȨǻ㡣
ȻʱһˣҶǮȨȥܻôŵġ
˵ǺҪ
Ǿͺãˣ¡һվ˵ˣһҵĵλҪˡ
ȵңһҿ϶ܵӮ㡣
ֻһ¶ԥô˵ǳµΨһ
û˵꣬ͱһֵܹסߣˣ߰߰ɣʲôʱˣܸɾϣܸɾȥһȥҼңѧա
㻹㣿̣
岮ˣǵ̬Ⱥȷʵ³̨˳ǵļ԰ҰǸҪ
ԤĽ˺ܶ࣬ʣµλȷ֧ġ
³ȷʵġ
¶˵Ұǵ˸ȡ֣ƽ׵һȣһ岮û˵꣬µϢʾˣЩ
ȡ
ôˣ
岮Ƶ򿪣Ͷ䵽УһгźɡӰ곤ҲμɱϷˣΪ
곤ϢԼٶȴҰǺҰǵ硣ԭҧгݣϷһƱȺ嶼סˡ
곤ȱǮ
ͬ鷭һۣ곤ȱǮź붼֪˭ȱǮ곤ȱ
ģģظо곤Ϊǳֵģҽ󵨵Ĳ²˵ڣֻܱʣʲô
ֻе곤֪
ž³ܻвʲôϵúľƲУ¸
ϥ룬곤μͲΪڽģΪʲô϶ΪЩײ
ЩԸģܳʲôӢۣ
ܼʰŻɨͷû˿Ĳ˲Űĵ곤֪ʲôмεĳȴҪǵˡ
治֪˭Ұǵĳ
ʴڲ뷨
곤Ұǵ壬ĳֱӰԭܶųϷѣҰǼˣȻнһʵʱע
ڵ곤ֵԭ˵硣ׯҿ̣ĵ곤Ŀġ
ȺҲŶˣĻ
ô룬ȳСϷɱҪʼˡ
ԭֻƽľ޴ƽ̨ϳһڣҺ״ʡǰһʼ趨ĳ˵ǰ̾ĲɰɱĲƺµأɹʯ͸ɿݵĹͷ
ʲôҰǵ˵һμֵĶǾǵƤӵһɭ֡
һֲֻȫʵɭ֡
ɭ֣ٿɭ֡ëȻ
µĿƼϷġ˵ߵļһﻹݡ
˳ȥŵСܲվͶӰģɭ֡
ļΪǿʵڱȴɱҡ
ǣ̣ĵһεǳȴ¡
Сֱܲ۾Щû˵˴ɱͶ룬˸ӻɱϷֵĿġ
ңЩμϷĶǵײңʲôԵģ
ֻΪ˱Ұǵңʲôôأ
˿̴һĽҲޱ顣
õ豸óģǽġˣܵøͷû뵽Щ豸
˵Ұǵ˺üĳ̡ҰǵĹȷʵ
ɱѾƺãΪߵķͣ׼Ϸʽʼ
߻ûжСɡ˵ע
ɵ
ǽѪ
һĿڷҡΣѹѹķһʱ䶼ֻܿĿĺ졣
ô죿ǵ곤ҪҪ֪Щɡ
ҪȥȥҲȥЦһһϵżһм缶ˡ
ͣڰգٳٲ
Ƶ𣿵һͷˣһ֪Ѿȥ
𼱣Ҳǵһһ˸ų
ȵȡҪסˣѾ
ΪڵĹӰЧ֮仹һЩСֱʵؼ¼ֳ
¥Ҳֱ͸ֱܿٸµķĵײаצץȡ׼¥չ̵צ
ֱЧ棬ۿּԵ侳Ĵ̼У̲סһ
ֱвĳ¥ȴƽɡɡߵĿлһȦұߵĿлһȦ
ϣ·һ㷢¡
ڸʲô
ǹĤ廭
ϳǵĹڣϵĹڣʶĲʶģ˶ǵø߸ߵģоȴ֪Ӻζ
ɡɫâڿбɽɫȦ֮ǰٸķֱײɫȦ
һǰ任ĶʲôɫСɡֻһͬٸķֵͬʧķԱ

ײķըһŲõ̻Աһʱ䶼ûУը̻
ȫž
͵ĳ¥ͷƣƯܾʣһ
һֱעŵص۾ʲô£ոǡ
ײǸȦ˲䣬ʱ֮š
ôܣʱ֮־ܻ
涴ֱվ첽ߵĻǰƺҪøϸһЩ
涴ռڵͨ涴ȶԱƿء弶˵ԼѾѱ涴µĴڡ
ǳԽ弶ļ𣿡ĺ˵곤Ѿ˳Խ弶ļǲǡ
ǿɿ͵Сͳ涴˿̵Сܲͫ΢΢
Ϊո򵽵Яʱ֮źͿռչѾǵ곤ṩ߿Ƽû뵽ƾջһԽ涴
Ӧʲô豸ǰѺɫɡ
ôģ
ɿ͵Сͳ涴
ɿ͵Сͳ涴սһָЧսֶΡͬʱС涴Ϊ׼ȷλһܷ͵һܷǰ߼һʹСͳ涴ķ
һȦĹУѧ峵СܲúȺ侲ֱ˿ûĶ
ʲô
ʱǹеͶεĿռ䴫װãȦסķ
Ĳ֣͵ĳ䡣͹ȥܡ
ʲôСܡ
͵˺ɣһֱʿˮ⴫͵ĳѾܿˣȻڲ£
νһһεƮ
Ѿը̻ܷ֪ĸƯ֫壬治֪һַʴȡ
ֱϵ곤ᴿԴ⻷΢Цֻһɹɺϴܣ
пֲ˹


53 
Ϊ֤Сܲ˵, Ǳ߳¥һλһȦֻһȦһ, һȫֱ̽ļʻԱӽɫȦб
һ, ʧصķһϣѣҲֱˤȥڵըɻ
, ڷĿһеֻһɺǴܡ
𣿴̼𣿡¥ֽ⳶ļʻԱڻζϡʻԱϻ, ѹʱ곤ɡѾͷϡ
벻̼һ㣿
ͷ곤ǳӰ, ֻһ˫ɫ۾ŷĹ
ڵ곤ϣʪͷ·
ˮ˳ŷ˿һſ, ڽ»ˮγһȦȦ
Ҳǵ곤, ۽ëһ£һˮӡ
⻭òʵ, ʻԱȴҶ, ݴ, Ҵ˵곤, Ҵˡ
Ķ
ҲòμϷ, , Ҳþ̼, Բ֪ˡ
˷ڵʹ顣һθо˴, ΪļҺʱ޷ڵ
ΪŽս·, Ҳû˷˾Ȼŵ©
ûֱ곤˾ڵĿ־塪޷ݵ, 궼Ϊ֮սǿͿֲ
Ļзһ, ͨעҰ˶סˡ
Ǻڰ, ǵĵ곤ƽʱһɢӣż¶ֲпı飬ǡ
˧
¥Ͽͼδʮˣ
Щ߲ˣϳǵĹŵһֱʿˮ
мѭǿ󲻿£Ϊ֪߽ֲĥ޷Ԥǿֲ㲻֪ļ
СܲÿĻҡҡͷᣬ곤ˡ룬ֹֺġСϷ
ɱңΪȳɣ̫ˡ
Ȼַʽֹ
ȿʼϷǿȨߵѹȣô곤־һѹɱֹɱǿȨǿȨ
Ұǵûжʧ
ţ¥ͷֱֱֱ
Ļ˶һҺ˫ɫ۾ӡСܲҲ£ֱֵ곤ǲ˵Щˣ
¥ֱЦһ£Ц紺磬һûиղŵĿֲǰ߹˭˹޹ġ
ϰ壬㣿
졣СܲõͿһ̧ϲȻȡ
¥ûȤɱ¾˺һ۵顣³СɡһСɵɫСȡ
ιι𣿡

Ϸ
Ұǣ˭ǵĵӣҰ
ϷΪֹȻ˭ҲԷ㵽ס
ֻзϳֻƽ
û¶ķŭһĴ󺣡
ЩԶԶķļʻԱҲˡ
ΪֹʱǾʹˣʱȲչʾԼ
ֹͣȫ޳ɣ
ʵһֱǷԵģ곤˵˵Ļ
ֱƵ˷ǡϿֱҰ˶ɵˡ⻹ЩûߵȨ
곤ģ곤֮ǰֻմ֣ʲôûҺǲһ˳ûߣʾԼȺһһȺС㡣
޳ܣ
ʻԱȴٸϴ󲿶ӣԶԣǾۿģһʱԳ飬ǧᡣ
ʲôҲ˵ˣ곤ǸʲôǾ͸ʲô
ǻе𣿡һԱû곤ʪ͸ˣðô죿ǲðҲϽȥõ곤úϢϢ
Ϊָ곤ɱ˵ˣԲ𣬵͹ˡ
¹ǱΣ黹ûǾǴʳݶ
Ժ󡭡ߺߣҰǳûǣǾͱǷ
ôء
ȻǷָˣڲЩʻԱ״ˣֻҪƽƽأʧǮʲô
Ȼƽ⣬ҾͲǿˡ곤¶Ƶ΢ЦɣʱҲˣ׼ɡ
׼ŵļʻԱǲ㼤ᣬѹѹʮҷȲ뿪䵽ͣƺϡ
ֻиոսû׵ĲһȦ
ǣ
ţžڽ𡣡
˵ǰ״˲ۿгˢǺĺºõǮļԵĸмȫ۵һ
Ҹоˡ
лл
ٸ˷ڣÿ˶нĽǮ㹻ʵǵԸ
Ĳбܣһ𻶺ߴŷй
˵ı鶼ֱʵؼ¼ۿ߿ǶıʧصҲͬΪͬġ
ǽ׼ͬͬǹͨġ
ұӶˡ
Ұǵȡ
Ϸʼһֱѹͷʹ࣬ǿƶϵķɢ
껹£Ұǵȴˡ
Ұǵ˵һθоԼ̧ͷ¡
ǳߣһȣ
Ұǣ˭Ұ
һͶҰܳл͸Ļһֱϳǡ
챾Ʒֻۣۣн죬ʱ򡣡ҪǮСٻϰ񰲹ҳ۵ӡ
·ı̲ס۾ֲ۾Դҩˣ
Ҹˡ
ºܿѡ
ˮѽۣˡŵۡһֱֱԼʹ˴۵Ϣ
ǸˣΪʲôˡ
һֱֱȺ忴ʱͷ
ǻ߲ߣ
ʲôҴϰ˵ҿ黹µı仯üߣٵȵȡ
Ҷ컶ֻ֣³ĴŲȮɺ۾ԹؿŴɡĳ¥
ǱңҲңǶڱң
ҩƺȥĸףҽ򣬻ܶˣǶŭĿӣ˵Ŷ񶾵䡣
飡
űƿˣ³͵תͷܼվűתͷϡɭ߽еƽеļ³˲õԤС
ǽʲôȥ
Ц˦һһ㣬˳
壿ϣλıɡ
ֻҡҡͷ
͵óܱǸΪ޴ͼ㱻Ұ˰ˡ
³ſɡĳ¥Ѿߵϳǣ̤ţɡëݵǰЩ˲ǷԱ۾ģ׷ǵˡ
곤ˮ
ллһ飬ź
¥ʪͷתһȦһЩ˿ἤúɫ죬һЩ˿̱ܿߵͷһ
֮ǰһĽվǣһ
¥ֿǸĻˣıЩ仯ʲôû
곤롣ЦݵӦСǵͷǹֱǰĳ¥׵ź
ллԸһɡ𣿡
ȻԣΪϡ
¥ɡϳǣ·ʶĲʶкϿһ⣬綼õɫ
һϳǵ̹ȻؽִǰĺơֻҪǹ˳ĻǼں
ֲѵġ


54 
ϳȷʵҰط, ͬĵ³Ҳһ
˾ߣǴȱ߻ޱߣһۿȥ, ڡ硯˵ĳ¥Щϰߡ
ŹʱøԡΪαװԼ, Ƕˡ
ϳǵڲװҲرȻû񷶥ô˾̾ȴԿƼɹ
ЩݿԶصĵƹ⡢֡ʪȡ, пɸ״ε, Լ洦ɼĻˣ¥ĸѾʱʵС
곤, ŴϳǵĹ߶Ѿǰ档
һ, һн, ΢Цıɫ, Գ¥ľһЦƣûйԵˡ
˭뵽޺һϵ飿
³ȷɺ, ȴҲɾ
á
ʵ˶൱һʼ۲¥ľˮӦֵ, ˿˱ֵþμ, ˵Ϻ, Ҳ˵ϲá
¥ν, ǲԸ
ˣǰҲûһƹݵĻô, ߵˣڵ곤Ǽƽϵˡ
Ҳ˸, ǰһҪ˽ֵ, ʲôʱΪ˴
곤Ҫȥỹûʽʼ, йЪϢҡֻҪӲȣһн飬̿곤
¥ҲվﵱèŹ߶ȥ¥ϣȻ߹߹հȣһ
ʾ뺯

ϢҵſΧһЩû뺯ˣĥЩ뺯Ŀ˺ǵıҪȥʶʶ
¥һЩϤˣʮֱ꣬Χš
Ҫرֱ治ֱ
ҲˣûбرֱĹ涨ʽʼ֮ǰֱģҲûƵҸոջ˴ֱȥѲ涨ΪҴڵģС
µĹ涨
ǼֱǼ²ˡСȻֹ
װ繬һˣɫзһѺɡɫȻ䣬򵥵Ĵţϻˮȴǳ財

ǸʱһƳˡ
ûмڵŮ
۳ֵ㶵ؿſĳ¥뵽Լո׾ͻȻǺ죬Īܸ߳С
ǲгһֱֵҲˣ˷һĻ
ˡ
곤߹
ʲô£¥֪ʡ
ɤһڣСһ㶣Ļʼˢ
ôкӣ
ҿԣ
ġ˵һ顣
ԭûȷ涨һͬʱȽϺʡ˵գ¥ͷͽ档
ЩΣǺֱͣǲǰͻȻ֪ͨû֮ǰ滹ûж±׼Խȥˡ
Ǹ֮ǰ֪˿Ҳˡʣոλǣ
ǼҳȻƵġƹƹݡȥ𣿡
ûȥƹ̫ܻӭȥ˺üζûϵһ
ǵĻǺӺɭܿɣǾǵ곤Ūģ̇ͷ
ɭ֣
Ǹҹɫܵ
ⲨڡӢۡ׬׬ˡ
ֱϢңһ̾Ǹ̾Ǯ࣬Ϣңˣÿһ˶λ볡ȯ
뵽ҲǸͬļǮڣֿʼˢ
˹ˣѾ㹻ˡϽֹǣ֪ʲôƷء˻Ϣ
̲סǸ䡣
ҲܺһһεϻʲôȻ㶼
͵͵𣿡
ˣȥһΣʽʱеϣ豸ò
Խ˵Խ˺档
꣬˵ˣʧǵС顣
˲˾˳߿ȥ֮ǰǸˣڽһڶɫ䣬üֱͣƷ
ҼǵǸֱС
Ϊһ䵹Ҳ
Ǳ˵ڷĹү췴ֻǾһֺϤĸо벻
Ҷ
үһǺʵп޵ˣⲻ顣״ҲûмͣľãԼʲôʱˡ
ǲðòڣô벻
ԥǷȥûԥ꣬䶼վ߹ȥ
ģŸŵСܲÿ˹
յŻٽҿ˹
õŵĸųɳ
Դ۹Ů
һһŵľ̾ˢֹǶҪˡ
һһÿһ߳ͨʱȴԼͬűǸ䣬ʮֺгԱߣ¡
ܿĻ
ҵѽ곤֮ӣ
ʱСܲÿ˹Ѿڳ¥Ա£Ц곤ı˷񡣡

¥ƺˣֱԵ͸ļ򡣡
˹þƱζǸҲ
ʲô¥
飬ֻҪ룬Ҷܸ㡣
һĿ˹ֱӷ졣
¥ʶ⻰⣬˵ҪͲģֻҪǹӮ⣬Ҷܾ
͵곤ʱ֮ŵ⡣ȴǿľװŮ˾оƣδҽܣõŵɳ
˾ҰǣͿ˹׵ľװŮõǼʻҵشҲպĹӶ
ǱʿŵĴ곤һˡһ˼
ʽʱ֮źʵԼߵĿռչܽʡ뱾ǮѵãҶ˳糵
£þòԼһͻأֻ֣һЦӯӯĺڷ߹ֱ¥λãֵͷ¶ϽΡ
鱦ʯΣڴڿЩ˴ȴǳÿ˵Ļг
곤£
곤ĳҳԱ
곤̫أ֪ݣ֪ˣ궼֪ͻȻĳһˡǸĽ޵úõƵĴˣֱϢҵĿ⣿
»ôöңġ״¥ȴ÷
˲Ǳˣ֮һĲƸŮҲ֮͵ĸСŮ˹һһ˫̥ʤ˫̥
򣬺þò˹أ
ֲƸŮϲۼĵطΪʲôֻһͲƸŮ߲ĵԣûŮţŶ
ե֭ȥˣһָǲǣ
¥һȻиµĿɰСե֭ͱִǿģ˹ϲְҵĺͯģžŰͯ
һͺôˣҵȵȵ۾ɿˡ˵

֮ҲѣҪһ̨סȥ롣ǳܱܲ˶ûС
¥˵õ󷽵أ
Ҽƻȥ
Цһ£Ҹ´һ仰˳ߣδһʧĵ·
ΪʲôԸң
Ů񣬹ȥڡδ˸һ壬ءòƸŮ仰¥͸ҿ϶һ֪ʲôǲ֪ĸ˸˵ġ
㡣ƸŮε̯̯֣֪Ҳ㲻Լ˵Ļʲô˼ҵҲûʲôãܸҡ
ˣ˺ͨҾͲһףˡ˵ϻк·ϣ³ɡ


55 
껰, ƸŮվɨһȺˣת뿪
ǱѾեù֭Ů˹Ҳ΢ЦŶߵͷ¥ʧЦҲס, Ѳ١
ֻ˻ԼȥС
ͳ¥ϵ, ֻҪɵӶһ, Լ͵곤ദҲõСܲóɵʣλСǣ
ݡ¥赭дú˵ŮֶŮ, Ǵ, ˸񻯵, ܺбڡ
곤ϳǵĹ߶ŲҴ, һܹԼı, ȴ˾ܿĲ;ᡣ
һ˵
¥еˮ, һ˲˵½к·仰
һǰһϢңһ·߹ĸ˰صķ, һ䡣
Ӧ, ¥һųʶˣϡ͵¡ɿɡҰǵĹ㶼, Ψûγ
ʮǰ
ʱĳ¥ո߽ϢҡȴῪʼĴ󲿷ֿ˶֪ǵͷϣһҰ쵼˵ܻ顣
Ϊ˱֤ǰ̨֮󲻻£ͨĳЩҽֶʵǰġͽ̡
⵽һȺ˵ķԣҽֶ޷޸ĸãΪǰﲻˡǸʹɱ˰ɡ
һڹ
Ȼ, һֱѻµĳѡ, ҰĲ˶ûʱ̬
ϾҪʼ, ѹΪγ̨, ǵȻãôóóȻͷֻǾһǰ
ѡĳЩˣϣڵţ˵šŴǰĻ
ʵǶѡ³ͷ˾ִڣġ
ԽҰҪΪôһûгϯ
ῪʼаСʱ룬ҪչһŽġҰǡѡµĳбҪ˵
ҵ룬ˡ̯֡
ץ³Ҳ³ĲţѡĳƱػΪԷ£Ķ
£Կ³㲻ɱֲϡܴܲһȺڻöʮСʱɣ
ΪǴҴҸμӻĶ󶼾ݱܷͷҪΪΪ˻ȡ棬ɲΪ˳Ϊӡ
ȻûҪλãûпǹˣ
ѡɿɺ˭
һмܴҰǽˡ
˵ĺԴˣҰǳΪϷĶ
˭ɿɽһ׷ʡ
֮⣬˭һ㣬˭ʱܷڣϰ׻ظˡ
ݵǰᡣԼȷ
𰸡ǰǶջƻˣء룬ôҲ벻˭ô
Ҳ˼ǿʼɸѡߵˣͬĹߣ
ţǵ곤ɣЦ
ͻȻúܰͺ񱻵ʲô
Ұ˲٣ĲҲ÷ģǸǮԵĵ곤ˡ
ֹͣϷǿٶҰǵ棬ǳշҰ˵ġֻҰǵ˵һӭ
ѡ곤һô
곤Ǯʵ㹻̨ٲõҰˣһԽԽҡҸͶ𡯡
Ҳõĳ̰۸ܡ͵곤İܼңǻõĵ곤Ѽҵ׶ҰǽС
пܴҰǽᡭ
Ե곤ҵĺϵȷпܴҰӮֻҪԸ⡣
ۣЦмˣǾô
곤˼ҵȻͬ⡣ɿɵһ֣ڻǺӺķ֮͵곤ǰˡ
Ҳͬ⡣ɭͶһƱǵһҪ곤ġ
Ҳͬ⡣Це˵˭ϣԼ԰øأ
͵¿ԥˣбӣû
㵱ȻûһѵءƲƲ죬ҳʵģҲҲ
ǲԣǲ֪󡭡תȥǸ
شʮָ棬ǿЦǻ֪곤˼ͶƱǲҲ֪᱾ˣ
ʵ̲סˡȷʵ֪Ѷ׼һͺܿĿһ֮˳λá
Ǹ˸ʲôûɣͱڱС
ǺɫĬ
˵еô鷳ȥˡ
ʲôû뵽Ȼ䵽ԼϣʱԻվʾԸһˡ
ȥҳ¥
Ϊҿ¥ǲƴǣ󷽷λ¡
⣬ˣλ
ʸԵ϶ʺλƹܾӵɭͻ׶ӵĿ͵¹ϵҲ㹻
Ҫǣ
Ҫ֮ǰԭҪ
Ϊ¥ͻȻһ£ҰǵĳֻҪҰĵģǴ޴ȻĴڡ
¥ģԴƷǱȻΪв
ȻѾΪвô֮˯
ٰʱ˷ֺڶϣҰǵġһá
ʱֻ׼֮ǰĳһǣѡѡȥϽߡ
ʡ
¥ܶ¡û뵽ϾȻҲǴһ⡣
վˣҪҪ͵úúÿһˡ
Ϊ֮ǰµĿӣѡ³һֲԡʱѡĳҲ֮ǰǸá֮ǰǸҰǴҪҡ
ѡ³ҲǶԹҰһҲܰǡǰӰѹ͡
ԼԼˮűƵ˵Ⱥ壬úҰǵĵòþǱҰǵĵ
ȻϷҲΪҰļ
ϼžȻ˵ǰǵ
׵곤ΪʲôҪμϷˣҪֹҰǿܵң̶ȽµӰ졣
ֻϷʱþԵʵˣҰǵĳܱϴ
˲ģ⣬곤Ͳ֡
곤ȤΪ𣿡
곤űû˵Ӷ
һ룬룬룬ԽԽӲ
ʲôȨ˵˵ɣˣҲơ
ȨкܶӴ滮Ұǵ彨衣Ե곤İɣ
ÿĹʺ׵ĳ˽˷ͧׯ԰ͻš䣬˳һ̲衣
˵Ұǵ֫ôҰǵġԡȻҪΪ˱ԣ֫
һƱȨ
ѹ뿪ڣѾʼճȨǺµ곤
ҰǵĳرͳߺʵȨͳߵĽ壬ΪѾƹܾӵȨֳȥѺܶȨֳȥиڹߵġһƱȨ
¥һʼĵģ˳²ҵͻ乫ҲᷢΪ˽˲Ʋʥܱ˶ͺܺˣû˸Ҷ
ҰԭǴഫ⴫ƶȣȨЩվȨʵȨҡֻҪ˳֮ͲٵʳסУżŮصȨ
ѹҪġ
¥һʼȷûΪǣܵΪʲôǲǳѡͶԴıϣĳС
ô˳ʲôã
γĴһˡ
˽˳Ȩ󣬵곤û뿪λϡѾ
ˣٴ΢Цڡ
˵ˣѡһΡͶ곤һƱ


56 
Ϣҡ
곤뿪Ѿʮˡ
ߵ곤Ϊ֮ǰ𣿡֮ǰΧڵ곤ߺ͸ɢ, Ҳû֮ǰӡ
Ҳǣ֮䲻˵жԣҲ໥, һ죿
ᡣüĿ˹ЩĪķ, ԼҲ֪Ϊʲô
ǹŵ곤飺֮ǰǸƵϷһ, ķ, Ұǲٲ곤ֹϷҰǵû˸ΪΪҰǶ
˵û
ӻСܲÿ˹̫Ըʱվһ
ҵǾ, ҰǵĹҪ곤ġ֮ǰεĳ̫޴ˡңⱲӶٴγ, 
⻰˷, ΪҲôġ
ǵȰȣȵҪ, 곤û
곤ˡǺźҿʼ
СҲվ, ڹǵʧرֱȻſڵšûӣˡ
磡
, º͵صͷһȦ, ûп뿴, ûп
ʲô
Цҡҡͷ߰ɡ
˹ȥһ䡣
ȥϲ, ֻˮ, Լ״̬á
εҲҪЩϷļ
ϵˮɫҲʪһ㣬˫ͬɫ۾º޺ˣꡣ
սÿһ񾭶ǽģϷÿʱÿ̱ѣҰǣи١
˹ʶſڡֻΪ裬Ϊʿֻһˡ
ҲһߴˣһͷƵĶ̷һ˫رĴ̵۾ЩŹֵɫϲüƾӣһ˫ƤľЬ
ſ˹ֱֱ
˿˹죬һرϤ
Ȼ˹벻ԼʲôʱˣԵòǲǵġ
ЬȻʯĵשϣᷢ죬߽ȴϢģ˹о˲ԡ
ƺˡָµᷢ㹻иߡ
ȴǿ촽аĻȣ˵ĸԸѺصףû뵽㵹ãˣ˳ߡ
£˹ĵһӦĳңΪǸǹ͹ûлҡӦ˵ǵ곤
Ҳϲ˷һУǺޣҲӦҶеġ
˴ɫ۾ʱüΣաֻǿ˹ҲŵΣյˣָѾָĿء
ιȵȣ֪㼵ʳɿ񣬵ﶯ֣Ͳĵ·𣿡ؼʱһ
ٻΡ
۾ͣסˣૣ¡
ɵڰգɫٲһ㣬żָ׵ֳ°ͣЦЦſ˹֣һ㶼񰡣
ˣ˹ü˵ʲôûзϡһ¶ǰǣǣԺҲǡ
ˣЩι״ûӵĶ𣿡һȻЩƺңҿƬţ
ɫһ䣺ˣߡ
ǵ𣿡۾һ۾ˡ
𼤶ˣôɡץס۾ǰĿŤС
ۿǾҪߣȻռѿһ죬һֻ԰׵һץ֮ǰ۾˾͵УһССʯꡣ
ʯ̧ͷ̶۾Ȼ־֡
㡭
԰׵ָ£һŶ
ʯѣһɢɳʧȥ
ʵʵɱѷ
ԨϢɫ䣬Ҳ˲ͬˣôʧڿ˹ǰ
ֻ԰׵ûʧٴչһҰɫ϶ʯͷ˹ְѹڴȻ֮ǰڵ³ǿžʯͷˡ
֮ǰó˶ŶӵɱתƵ˹ϡ
ĵط˹֪ʲôڿš֪ԷǴ⻹ǶģֻǸо޷ֿǿ
սϱ˵ĻװΧûô
סԼ˭ڣ˴ɱջȥˣгֵͳ
ֻ֣֮ϵʯͷǿµѹȸȫʧ
ǵ˭˹վԭأþûж
һֱ˽곤Ҳûл
֮ǰۼһȺ˸ɢǶרŵİᡣͨ˾ȥ˵һĴպ
һ¥λŶͨȥ֪ЩõΣȥ˵״̬ϸڵ˸оɡ
⻹ֻһͨĹܡʵÿӶһ¿Ƽ֣ϺֱӡչƷŴС鿴ÿһϸڡ
ҲǣôԵλ볡ȯ
¥ˣ¥ϰֻݻ
ÿᶼһһŮǳķߣĹ̡ġơϣ任İᱳζ߶趨ϵͳȫλĿŴչƷƽ̨
˲ܵvipûĿ֡
˶ȨܵĶõģʲôһֱڴСܲöûϣοոտصĿ˹
ѡϲģʽ˹ѡȨ٣ﻹ֮ǰصĹ˺ǵĻ
벻⣬ЩԻϢʵ̫ˡ
ǸˣƿռֶΣ޷ԤǿǾ䡮סԼ
˭뵽һˡ
곤
Ȼôǵ곤˹ֽԤеֱǾԲǵ곤͵곤ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ٲ֪Լ˾ʲôóɴԭΧеıͼˣԶаƮѩɽȺܣ»Ϫ
3Dζ΢硢Դϣ·Լԭ
Ȼֳ˺̲ģʽɭģʽĩշģʽǼʴսģʽȷΪ趨Сģʽ
ʵѡ£Ȼѡһ
˹ع񣺡ãͿˡ
ῪʼŲЦݵ̨֧ӭ˴ҵĵҰǵĳ̨
ţСܲÿĻüͷ΢壬Ҳ´ˣǸúõģ
ǾȻǸ޴ĳ˹ֱĻ
Ҳ̲סȥǰɣҰǵĹûУ
³ʿ̲סһ¡
ȻĻȴǸӷ׵³˭Ҳû뵽ˡ
ô
ͨϯЩɧң֮ǰǸߡɫ԰׵ָ̨ϡ
곤ԭ侲Ŀ˹һվϵḺ́ײˣڵϹšȴһգգ̨ǸϸӰһɫзе̬
곤µĳ
磬ЩҪվֱ糶
š
Ŷˣģûע⵽ֳĻʱǺڳƺ˼ʲô
ڰСܲЦſ̨ϵĵ곤ԭˣ곤ǳ𣿡
Ҳǣѡ
ʱһ˲һ֪꣬ˣҰǵĹ㵹Ҳ۹⡣


57 
Ϻá
һ峺ڼž
, ˹עһθⲻͬ˵߶̨ϣǺܺҲڴ, ڴͻȻֵ³Լ뷨
곤ֻǸһݼŵ΢ЦӭҰ, ϣҳԺãƽؼҡ
֮Ͱ̨øˣת볡
곤ǡСܲÿ˹ʧЦ, Ǿ䡮ƽؼҡǻӭĻ, һ㾯档
㵱ҰسеĳҲȫûЭ˼, ǿҪռҰǵĹҵͷ, 곤һ˾ǧ
˵, 곤ȫΪΪƽӾǱһʮϯλ
ЩݵԿ
Ҳ, ҰҪ곤ǵ곤ҪҰǡ
γʲôӶû˵һ仰뿪̨ȴǷӦ, ողűЩ˶ڿ, ˵ˡ
ǵ¿ζλҰˡ
ǳ֮ҲסС
һĻҰǹһ˾, ûţ곤ԽǿƣЩԽǲԽ׳һ֮ǰֻ֮˿Ұǡ
߰, ȥȱơкųĶ, ѵ, Ϊʧȥ֮λɱһۡ
ոպȵǸʲôɿһɾҵ֮ǰĶˣֶֶ֣һܺúȡ
Ǹ곤ı̲꣬衣
곤⣿ô֪
ӻ֣֮ǰλı꣬ڵˡ
һ뿪ֵ᳡׼ȥ̨һ
ʽʼ˼򵥵Ŀ֮󣬱޴ĺϽſһֻװȻﻺƳ
һֻԼĪ׸ʮ׳棬Ѥĺɫͺɫƣһ˫ۻ죬Ƭ⻬˸ʯ
Ưڳľﰮ߾̾
СһԸȴǺܺã˲䱩һֱŴ棬滹һ͸ĸ߷ӵ壬εصסڻĻ档
ǵĵһչƷ173ĹᡯȻԸе𱬣ԾסʳûйҪڷǳĹ߿ˣ
˻δ䣬ˢˢˢһ˸Ͷλ
ľ˼ң¥ȴѾɳϣϢȴں۾ɲǸоһϢ
ž¥һָ
ռ۵еһָ䷭תʱͿռļзк۵˱סӡ
ҪȥĶһ̣
۳ϮŴͨһ鳤Ĳ۵ɵģԳ¥ҪԸ⣬ܳ鲼˺
̫ˡ̾Ϣ
¥ЦЦв֮ͣò񡣡
ʵϣˡڰϷĳ¥һ˯ͻϷԲŻճѡ
Ѿü겻˯ˣҲֻǱĿϢ
Ҳ裬棬κκζ޷ֹ㡣ڷƽ
ҲУ¥ЦЦ
Ѿ֪ʲôݽ磬ҲСǿءϣ֮
¥סڵ·̧ſᣬ̤Ұǣ߳ǳУʶ޷ŵĵط
ڵƤϸɫķģѹơְ뿪ĸ½ĸ֮Ҳų
ûһʱߵңоһУľ𣿡¥żɽ
ǡ
¥ʱ˵ˣĬ죬ǽȿ˿ڡ
Ұܺѣ̫ˡ
δϵĸϻг˯壬Ҳܵشĸֻüĸǣ֮ȡĸǵĴڡ
磿
ⲻͻعԭʼ״̬
Ƕˣ
¥촽źϣ˵ʲôȴ֪˵ʲô
ֻһ
Զһһһ˵ȴ漣ޱϲػϣҵʹҲҴڵ塣һǿż򣬹һǧꡣ
ڿų¥ͱ鶼˵ƽгĹ¼š
һͨһǸо˲ͬһ˵ѹۡ
µҪôļһֻ꣬Ϊ翵ġϣ
ʮǰԤԣΪֹķ¥ŽڣأϷʲô£
ڲδڣ¥ͼ˵ҵԸȻѾľأֻҪұҪػļ԰ͼˣͲ뿪ǡ
ʲô޷Ԥϵ飬ò뿪
Žʵʵɷ¾ɵԹޡ䡢־塭
ǲ˶ǵĸǣ
Ȿʾ䣬˵ڵһ˲˿϶䡣
ƺͨȽϼҵʱ
һ˲䣬¥ܵľɱ⡣
֪ǱʲôΪػߵĽں֮϶һΪпģΪֵս
µڻʧζĴһγǰڽ˵ʱҵ
һ޸ĸǵƻۼѾʧǸһγµҲ׼
ڻŵʱɫȾ۰׵Ĳ֣򶼱˺ɫԭɫͫȴָ˱ĵɫ
ʱĽڿȥΣֹ졣
ɱ˶
ߣ
˷Ӧ֣ס¥۾ҡ
¥ץס֣¡Բɱ¾һҲһȫ˫մѪ
ɱôǸӶʱ򣬾͸бСɱ׼
սκ顣
ңԺҪˣöࡣ
ںϺڰϷĴ۾ǳΪ
ǴϣģڰϷҲԼʹ뱻תŻһֱڡתζŻѡУ˱ϷΪҡ
Щ˵ħ
ԺҪܶܶܶࡣ
Ȼǲ⡣
¥ΨһģǽΣգתĳЩΧĻΣΣΣҲл
ֵôˣ¥ʡ
ˡʮʮǻΪ̰Ĵ֮ۡȺǿɣûиͻȻתΪһ㷴Ӧʱ䡣
أ
ҲˡڵıƽսȡҲһ
Ǹˣػķᱮ˺һ꣬ĸһԷâ
һ㹻һ壬ǻȴǿܻعӡ
δ飬ҲƬϣַ
һʶʱ򣬾ѾΪԵ磬ϴǵԨУµԶڤλã֮ڤֻؿ
Ա仯ͷ۾ںڣѪɫĺڡ
ְ仯ĽҲûԭڡǡֻܴҴææƬͳ֮ʼ˵ȴ
ˡ
ࡣʮ֮һ꣬һָ㲻ϣȴʮڣܿ϶һж塣
ԭԼΪʲôҲҴڵ塣֪ˡ
ΪҲΪ


58 
Բ𡣡ڶų¥˵
ţ¥⡣
Բ, ֹǸδʲô֪һиıԴԳ¥ȻԹĴۡ
Ťת˾¡
һֱ֪ԼԸ, ºͣһ¶, ͻ᲻ϧۡھǳ¥¥ǽڡ
¥ڵ, ֪ʲôⲻΪһӮ
Ӯ, ҲӮ
ӺڰϷתʼδԽģܸоһжõķǰ
, աڰϷֵ翪ʼתÿתһȦͶһ
ǵĻ˵, ǡ, ˡ
֪ڿһԼ
ȻûԤԵ, һжڱã֪
ǡǸǧһе˽٣ȴֻг¥ڹ¶سһС
֪ĸǻбδ֪һͿصĲʹ, Ҳ֪ȡάĸ֮ɢľ
˸м
ǳϣڰ, ΨһĹ⡣
ڵĹ¶˵϶Եȴһܣ¥Ĺ¶Ǻڰвɱ֪ػ
עҪںڰ, 粻Ҫ
ڻϣ, ԸԼƬĬǵĺڰ
Ұ, ᡣ
곤档¥뿪ʱ򣬰徯棬˽ȷϣȷʧˡ
ⲻ֣곤ͽֻ涴Ͻһֱܸˣƺ˼ꡣ
ͦãǲõĳİȫˡɭҲЦġ
ɿ̲ס˭뵽ϾȻͽֻ涴ǻΪʱž̾ѡ
˺˵Ĳ࣬ı˺Ͳĳ涼
ҲҪðʱƵ곤̨ԭ򡪡˵ǿֱҲޡ
ڵ곤Ϊ飬Ǳ߷Ӧô˻ͷͷôĽ
ͬһʱҰǹٷվҳ
곤˵ˣİҰҵķʽҲǵĳ⡣
֮ǰĳѡ³֮δѾˡ
˵ѡΪҰǵĵ˿ʼ˾Ѿ˸ףһһٶλãĲѪԵǶҰǵġ
ĸײǺĸףҲ㲻ϺˣȷǺϸĳ
Ѿ˸ע䲻ʹҩߡΪڰϷĴڣǽѡķʽ
˵Ӧв˷ֳϢˡ
Ұȫע⣬Թܰѡ
ǰⷢ޷Խһλ³Ұǡ
кܶݣǾƹ
ݵĵ곤ҲǻǺӵˡ
·ϿΧ۷ͨҳ䡮곤
ΪİȫҲΪ·˵İȫرƽģҪͶι򿨡գҪ͵ǳ
򲻹
ţæ̧֮ͷ̫á
ţôã⡣
Ұ˵Ҫ񻶣ף곤Ϊ³춼ûסǣѾʮ򡣡ս̾ŬԼĿ֣͵ҪӰˡ
֮¡
˿̵ҰѾܳԼסĵطܵвϣܵ滷ǺӱߣܵԵؽķϡ
곤³ˣ಻ס˴š
Ϣŷ紫ݵÿһ䣬ǵһξѡԼô
ǲ֪ոյ곤ʲôת곤ֹǸɱϷ龰üɫ裬һظŵ곤赭дʹеͶĳ档
ֵܳĶ顣
Ҳ֪ԼڸʲôֻĵΡ곤˳ҰһԽԽðɣ
곤ΪӰֻǿʼ᳡ЩٹעƷǶ취ٰϢݸ
Ժӵ곤ﹺǷɺҰǵĺأͶԽԽԴҰǣʲôҰǣ
ѾвٹҴĥҰǶ顣
ЩҺҰԶҲûʲôìܣԸͨҰǶһǱꡣ
ЩҰǾܽʷԮҰǣһ߽ҰǵĹң̲סҰǻع顯Ľ顣
ҰǿΪһԶĸУǳ
˿̱ǵĳ¥棬ͽһһһԽȻͬ˾ͲڿУվӰš
һ̸¥ͽѾɹʶͬĿģȻҲҪΪһĿŬ
ǶԸǳˣϲ˺Լչ¶
ԺԵĬϣ˵ǴӴ˾ͻһжʵϣ¥ûи߽ڹںڰϷ飬ȻڿѾµ
ҲϸһȻѾȥǾͲᡣ
Ͱܲľƣһ롣
¥ŵľ̳ڵָ䣬ʱоһ¶ȡһ˵ϴ޷£ĿʼоУҲʧȥƵ
ڣͻȻҪˡ
˾ƣ¥һ̧ͷӵĺɫ·
ְڤ֮ͬһ뿪ĸ̫ãܵųġ
ˣ¥ץסԼ˼һ
¥âѩ£ҲɴϣԵų⡣
һ롣
ڲ˵ֻǲͷ˫ɫ۾
˵ĸɶ෽عɣкҪһؾǡ
¥ڣһʼľһģΪصһˡʮǰһ磬ҽͶ¥ʼǾǷֿߡ
¥ع飬ҵڰϷͨ˵ݽڰϷʱͨء֮ûںڰѪĹԸҲΪ˴Ĳпῼı䡣
ҲˣԼľЩڵ
һˣֲһˡ
Ǳ˴˵İǾ˵սѡ
ͬһĿģоѵΡ
ǵĸƯɣ¥ָǿҲСɫΪҪʲôԡ
š
ڻͷų¥۾ŵġϣ
гϢʱ򣬵곤ˡȻʲôû˵ڹܸоԶ׼ĺá
֪ʧһʲô£֮ǰѡϳûôˡ
¥վڸߴ¿ͨϯĹ˳
û򵽶˴ų򵽶תȥһţר˸ｻӡ
һ֣Ұ߲Ḻ֮κ顣Щͻͽ˱ڡ
ͨᵽΪֹ
ЩȨǹİ¥ǼʺɻķͧС
ⳡԿͻЩڰVIPˣ¥֮ǰõ볡ȯVIP
ȵͨ߹⣬̨Ͱĸ߶ȡͬʱͨزֿſ涼ǵڶƷ
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ѹ͵ӪҺ䷽Яʽͼֽ̫Һ䷽Ŷۣÿһµ
֮ǰһֱûжVIPͻǿʼҾ
ⶼҰǵҵõģǻµȥͼֽתǮ
һǹˣûһҪʲô¥ͻȻת
ͻȻĻ˶㶣ǹϰţһСѧá
곤˵һָ
¥ɫԶǱнǣҰڻһΪҪϡңҪҰǵǴ档
ûһû˹ҲûˣҰƾʲô磿


59 
¥һĹ߶˼
Ǻ, δĳһû˹ûңҪô״̬߹, 仰ﶼǳġ
Ϸһؼ㣬ûǰᣬǾǱĲˡȻʵϽǱǲˡûȴһ
ЩҸҪ, ԺϷĵ, ܻǵҸɡ
¥ͷأ
ڣûԱ, ʲôûС
һεͷ, ѵðҲӡȷĸĿǰ⻼, ҪûԱĶ, Ұǵһʱͻᱻɵ
ﻹлл͵˽Ļ׶, ٣ȴһѿеĹͷ
֮в, Ұǵδ, Ի
¥ܽ᣺Ҫģͳһײ̵ʱڻúϷиСĿ꣬μᡣ
ΪҰĲĿֱ塣
ҪμᣬϷֻǵһؿ飬ǻҰǿ廷, սҡϵĵ޷ɵġ֮Ҫύ, ˵ҪչĲƷȵȡ
ôҺͶ, ܽģȴֻٲ
ʵλɫƷԲμߵķ涼ҪҰ˺üΣûѣûɫƷʵҲǷȱϡ
֪Ϊʲô곤˵ĿʱеĹ߶ôһ˲ģ·ֻҪ˵ڣһ
δĿһ´ɹʶȥҪľǡô¡
⣬ҵѣӵͳһĹʻ顣ڣסģӿ衣ԡ¥һת˵һ˵ôҰǵľҰǵҰɡ
ǰһǶҰǵײȺһ˺Ȼʱش󲿷ģ˺ѾɣܾôƮƮȥ
ǿ϶Ҫôأ
Ⱥ壬Ǳ˸УŽᣬǿ󡣡
ʱϡ
ҵһֱ취ΪҰǵʵ̫ˡһ棬˭ġ
Ҫ£Ǳʽ𣿡ɿüȻҰǹٷԱĸɾͰŵҰԸձ̸࣬ף
ϳ֮ǰ˺ܲʧˡ
ձࣿΪʲô¥죬ѵȱձ࣬ܵõ
˵ǵһҪ飬֮⣬һжǴҪġҰǹٷ˵ܺãԼǿȴǡûôʱ˷ճϡ
һҪ棬ȴƻôֻʵ䷴
֮¥Լ뷨ҪһҿŵԵѵ
ܵṩӵиǿ
ͬʱƵϷԴû͸Ӧеıꡣ
УҰǵҲӦСûУҰǵҸӦС
ǸĶ̲סʣӦеıָ
Ժϣֻȡٷ֮ѡʣಿڿ۳˰ֱӴ˻ͬʱ趨ͽϵͳҪĳϣԸ߶ͬ͡ȡٷ֮ѡ
ռѹϷϢԴ漸ʡ
һ˲İ
Ȼ֪곤ʲôˣĽӴʱ򡭡ͰҰǵҵԼڰ涼Ϊǿǡ
ȻһήͣǮԶûҪ
Ҫ޽һѵ𣿡¶ɫҰõĵطˣʵڼء
á޻ѵǶ֪ɣ
ǵͷĴֱʣô֪ܲ
ÿռչԳѵʣ²ٿռ䡣׼СռһΪ칫һΪʵѵսʿãҲá
ȻҽϷҪ֪ʶԻ⿪ͼݡ
¥ϵĲ豭һ裺Ǯ֮άķþʹ˰۰ɡǾô
ॡϵĲ豭ϡ
ûɵӣ仰˼һ۾Բˣʧء
˼ǡµѵҰǹ
ֻйάòŻ˰ȡ
Ǹǵάã޽ķãպԴԴϵţһë㲻ϡ
ΪҰǽģοҲͷЩ
㣬вתЦ⣺񣬻ϲ𣿡
Ϸ뿪ҳʧԻײҰĸ֮һѵһʼõģ͸е
ҰڹԭǱƫĸо
ͶԵ곤кøеĹ㲻˵ųĶ̲סշ̡
ϲ
ôܲϲ
ĳһʮͷ갲˯ڽһҺ״СϣǰĻڷһƷɳϵˮ
ϱǱ
ֻһϵĳУô򵥾Ȼңһǲһѡ񡣡̶ĵڰİᡣ
ϴ޷΢ЦȤ鷳ҪȣԽѣԽ˵Ҫ
Ҳ֪ȤȤֻе͵ֵĶ£У
֪ˡĹ⣬ܿ챻ŨܵĽëڡ
͵壿ǰǣһֱǡ
֮Ǳߺϵ˵ɫ۾Ҳ֡
ǿǼͨѶĹϵÿζϵ֮󣬻Ҫʮʱָܻ
Ĭţ123
Ǽ̭ģԭʼֶϢķʽٴһ
678
̶һʮҵϢ͹ȥͨѶǱʼɾϢĺۼ
ҩޡ򡢻СۡϧͨѶһһֵʧˣĬҲԽԽ죺121314
15
˵۾̧ͷһĹˡ
Ҳά֮ǰƣڿ˵ʱ¶һı飺һ鷳µĳɲ֮ǰĴúŪ
һᾡȫġֻеһݣ沿
ۣû쳣
ôôػϢλöλ𣿡
İ᲻ʮ׵ĵطһ˼顯֪𡤽ɭıĴô᲻һ㣿
ôף弶弶ǲ׼ǼھǰЩ˵˵
ְæˣͬʧ
ҲûСָŰ˸ĵ㣬ҵһıռˡ
һ̶չȻ쿴ףǵĿռԽͨĵֱӵɣҾȥҲͲˡ
Щָǰôļһǣ˵ͨòϣѵԺòϣ
Աߺδս˵óսʿֱӰ߷ĵͨռڵ㶪ԷӪȥΧ
ǣ㵹Ǹ룬Ȳ˵ռ䴫Ǹ಻ȶĶܴǵĵҲܿƶԷһƤ
⵹Ҳǡ
ǱͨѶѶϣٲ鲻ʲôԱͰժ£̾˿Ұǵ³졣ͽֻ涴ƻǿӵĿռͨȻôȶﻹкö
̫ˣЩ˵һǰһֻǸɾķ
˭֪϶кöǲ֪ôģҲ̫ˣֱϵģҲһۼͬ˵
ǰʲôˣλȥһϽ飬ҪҰǽϵҰôһǱް


60 
߸ҹͬ޽߾ͷ
ʮ˼ܻѵ, ʮܸ߼λףܾͻף
ռضʮĶѵأȫļ豸缶Уϵ
͸ϲϡ
֪Ҫ޻ѵ, ǲ֪ôֱʰ
GϳǿĶ, и־ްԲŵĶ֧֡
ֻһѵǾ֮޽߹񳬼ӢѵӪ
ŵ곤óͼֽЧģͣǿƲסԼָ
Ǽ𣿵Ƹ񶼹ˡ
ڳսʿѵİŲ, ˭񣿡
Ƕһ, Ľֵ֣Լ컵¡ԻϤĿ͵¶޴ֵĽš
곤ԼС
¥һ, λͷ֪ԳŮϡ
ʣҰǵĴܼ, һλԱ͹˲š
Сʱ𣿡
ʵͷ, Щ³ȻôҪ齻޽ԼԼʲ׼ܾ
ʱ䡣
¾ͽˡ
áӦ
Щ⣬ֲǺ, ܼʵȷЭûѵӪĹ
ѵҪȫ޺Ҫһʱ䡣ҵļƻ, ѵԺҰǵľӡҰǵѿš
, ļһЩر𡯵˲ţڸ񶷡ɱˡթڵ, ǽ̵漼ɡ¥һβ䡣
⡭Щԥ
곤ǲɣ֪Ұǵ, Ҳ̫Ըָӡ
Ұǹٷ, ǺǵȻġƾʲôǶԴ, ǰɣ
¥ͣϷս, ֻΪԼҲΪǴļǱǿԼͬʱҲΪס
ңҰǵңΪϷȥṩ֧֣룬ҰӦģȻҪġ
ιûˣ곤ֻøԶѡ
ҵݸһ䣬ȥǾӸ¡
ͨУҰڵľǹˡҪ㣬ȴԶԶ
ܴѵȣװϵ˵ǵľӻкܴĽռ䡣װѵǿһڱȽҪǾ˱⡣
Ұƽ¾Ҫһι԰ɣ
ǵͷ¥˳˵Լĵڶ㽨飺Ұǽһٶˣ;Ϊһֱܸߡ룬ȵѵͶʹãһɷڱ˲о˵˼
ⲻһСǮҲһԾܽǮҪÿͶ룬ҰǸСѹ
֪¥ͷҪԴ롣
Ȼ֮ҪˡҵǣѸ׾ǱûҪĿóͶӽ衣ĵطҲܣҰǣΪػĳУȡ
һսľǣ磬Щʲô
ȡ
곤Ȼɭ۾ֱӺˣҲһֱƴ׬Ǯ֧Ż׶Ŀ͵һ˲ʧ
ǰĳҲ֪ӵҪԣҰǵľ²ʵ̫ˣҪۡ
곤ûЩսʿƷǵˡ
вʵĶ촽
ҲͷҪֻΪ档곤ɳ֮׷棬Σ곤ȫûиı䡣
һθоԲλࡣ
ʵҲô࣬Һ͸кŵҵǻе֫ͻе٣˲оⷽǿٺܶ౾ǮͶ롣ҶҰǵľҪġ
ƽʱҰǾ˰ӣؼʱ򣬾ҪֻУгˡ
곤ΪʲôҰǡ
ɭ֪Ӧô˵곤ҰƺرĸڴҰǳǶûеġ
ΪʲôԸͶ룿Цӯӯĵƹݾǳѩ˵
ֵáҰӢ֮ǡ
Ӣ֮ǣ
жûۣҰڻӢ֮
¥Լ֪Ҫر¡
ݣûҰǺҰǵľǾֻǿֻ֡ӵҰǾĳ
ġ
ıľġ
¥ҲδΣ˲ⲻģĻġԽҰǾǹ֡
վϳԱ¿ܿƶĵƻǶ߳ſ񻶵ˡ
칫ҰǵѾͣˣԽԽ߳񻶵Ķ顣
ʱỹڼɿѾŹܼʵ߳ţŵƣ¥ְҲȥףɡ
͵ȥάˣɭŰȥƹݹˣûȥ곤ľƹݰɣߣ͡
ǵģոγĵ곤ҲӪҵˡŵһľ׼ʱһĿӿ
İ´ڵƣ˵Ҫף곤Ϊ곤𣿡
С⣬Ųˡ̨ĵ곤һıƽͺһжûϵ
곤Ⱑ
Ǿǡ
´ƤһȺͻ壬Ȼ곤˭곤ǹԴ治ɫܾԪˡ
Ŷۡ
곤ᡣ
곤顣
ǻһ㰡곤
곤ﲻסˣȺƤͶ۱ˣÿһСӻ
ͳƶ
ƹһƬڡЦԸǽϵı䡣
Ǿƹݰ£ִɭصơ
³ǣһֱΪ˺췢õϳǱȼ磬õԴȥ̼ĿŮӢˣҪһߡĵ³ȴûڵĿˡ
ǲƶ߶һоƱʳ룬϶ŷɵЦůġ
ͺó¶һɹһɹ
ѹֵ곤˵³û˼롣ȻªĶϡǵ³ǺϳǶûеġ
һ
˼곤ɭͷҡΰιһ㰡
곤Ź̨Ϊʲôѡ￪ƹݣôļ۸񣿸ܻرǰɣ
ƹ˶͵͵䣺԰곤ΪʲôⱾ׬ߺȰ
ȷʵ׬ǮҲûп̫ࡣ
ԸһʮΣҲϣǧһΡ
֪ĳЩôƭȻġȻΪǮôÿǸҪ
ͬĵҲҰϡ
ǰȫǷƻʺҰǡҰҪľﳤ̣ܶƽҵʺ·
ҰǲһγУԶ˻֮һ
ΣһԪء
Ȼ˵Щ̫硣̨Ҳʺϴĸ¥ھ͵ŷϣ԰ѵĸİԭʼɽȺȥˡ
꼾ȥ֮ǰúһ¼ӵĿ֡
ҿҵľѾȵĲˡ곤һܣ˶ԡ
ʱ䣡
齫ʱ䣡
սɣ
ʲʲôΣľⶼ񻶵Ѽ֣곤ӹ̨óɽһߵľͷ
԰̨ôߣЩôߡ
ͷȻѾ˵곤һĵطԼ߼ǡ
ɭѾˣ˾ս壬ҵ˶֣Ǹӵˡ
ˣҪҪ߹
ʲôô𣿡ӡ
Ͷռ˰֮һרҵĵʿѵװϻףѡɭЦе׳һöն
˵ֶڰաͶ֮һ֮һ
УҰǣȡɭϣô
ȣҡ׼һ£ô˵ҲþУ
ûꡣ
аɡ
һֱƹݹţҲûн곤һھƹݹ߽֮߳ɢĿһֱߵ档
곤տ֣
յ͸㣡
ŵ
Ұ˶ںϲǻһյɷֽƿĵƷŵ¥ͻȻЩ֪룬ĵյʼ֡
ҪǡĲô죿ûеĹ
ŻǺӱ߰ɣ羰ÿһֱƵȺУѾŵƵˣǾ۳˿߼ʵǺӡ
һյƾǺС
¥ŵһһţϳԼҲûֵЦݡ
ϵģϵģģһƬǵ硣
ǣҰǡ
ʱ򣬳¥ˣڴϣ߷һɫİٺϻ
죬Һܸˡ֪α飬̫ǿҵоİ֧ɫİٺϻƺ˭˵ʣʨʣֻٺϻ
ңԶԨݹ֮ϵ
֪ܸˡ֮ϵĽ΢Цš
Ҳǡ


61 
ڶĳ¥ͱͨѶˡ
˵Ҳȷ, ˯ţΧ˶Ϸ, Ǿˡ
쵹ֺ˯ˬ, ˶ؿʹࡣ
ιͷ侲
һγˣ, ֪ˡ֪ͨ, ҳϢһγͻƲʱȥڵȴϷ
һ, 뿪ֻС
ùܱ飬ʾȷ˳ȥ
¥Ṵ𣺡ǲǹٷ, һϢΪ׼Ķҥ, Ϊš
ģǲǻţ˳Ѿ, ˡ
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˳, Ҳһôϣġ
˵ǡʼ¡ˡ, 㶫еãա
쵶ն£¥뿪˾ƹݣȥǸƸ߹䵭ʵŤˡ
˭뵽أȻΪԼȥ˲ˡ
㻹ú壬̫ܵܵˡ
סĵط˼ıԭѩһֱڶǡ
ƹݳڱѩУͻأ졣ѩѺʯС֧壬̧ǰצ̽ͷ۾תţᡣ
˪Ŀл벻ͬζ
ƹݵľſˣ¥ʳ߳ǰƬѩߵţεն˿
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¥ʳеĸӣоƣС¯ӣСˡ
ʳƮѩСδζһԴ̽Դ̽ųһУú۾Ĺ۲졯
¥ûдǣ˳Ÿоξߡ߳ȥǰзѩɳӣǰš

ξǸѩԶɽƮѩıԼһҶۡ
Ǳ۵һˣɫɢһֻţһֻȻ£Ųź棬һ͡
ǳһ⣬ȫչʾ̣ѩ⾳
¥źɡ˳ˮУˮеķҶһ·Ʈ˱۸
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΢΢ɫĳˢº͵鷳ˡ
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¥СϰСС¯魺̿һ裬ˮȻŰװ÷Ƶɾƺš
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Ǹ׷ʽеڵĸֻ۷ɢʱҪĳʽˡ
ʽͳ˻
˺ƽʽʽ顣
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Ҿ֪ϲϲرġ¥ָԼҲһƼǼСˣ
ƵǼɰ۲ˣģˬ۲ˣԵļ˿Ϊǵĺܲ˿мζζỬֲ塣
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Ŀڸбȿĸˬ࣬ҧ˲ˬ֭Һ緢Ҳһ㲻塣
һһţǳϲ
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š¥ͷ
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Ұǡ
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ԭҲôͨ͸
ͬڵĸͺ֣ϢǴ紵ء
оĶһϵд塢ȻoҲһ̫Ʋʡꡭһһ¶Լ
ˣǵĳ¥ĬصĵĸĪĺޱ޼ʵȫѡ
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ȻѾصҰǵĳ¥ƿ߳ȥһֱߵϣͬͷա
ѭУĸԼٶȻָԭ
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첻ꡣͬյҰǾ˵ػ
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Ҳ֪ǲſһãһˡ
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޸ҩص㣬صǡԮ
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˵ҹҰǵĶԡ
ôһڱڵġôܲԣ
ҰǹҲ쳣ǰȻҲԸҰǶģЩСңΪ߸ַġһβһŵĳһʽ⽻
󡣡̵غСƣûԼ۹ŵڶ죬³ʹһݴ
¥½˴ܼʣ߶
ʲһˣֵ»һ֣⽻Ȼ࣬˻ܴɡ
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ڿһչȭˣ鴦˼жؿ޳
ʮ޸ҩʮֱ͵ӣʮҰ롣
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¾֮ǰó¥էõ˶ˣܴкö
û죬ʮҩͱõˡ
û뵽עûУȴֻǲһ㣬ӣӣô
ܿҰǵĹٷվͨ棬ѾǸԤԼ˵ڶҩ£µҩˣû뵽ľõġ
Ҫ˱ˣҰǾ񶼻ǺŪǣе곤ǩ϶ġ
ǵ곤֪ǣôõĶһʱͰˣ۸ô͡ҪһǮʱˡ
ЩҰǣû֤˶ۺˡ޸ҩ涼ʮһ֧ˣм򲻵ҰǲŶˣ˿ܶĳУҲͼˡǳȻһ־Ƕʮҩݡ
Ҳ֪֤ü
Ŷʮ֧޸ҩķţһгˡ
һ£и/зһǧ࣬Ѿҽţ󲿷֮ҲҷŲ

ڻгĵϲǡԴԴϵҰǲδ
Ȼ֪һû뵽ô졣ɿøˣ˵Ҫл곤
İڰٺϵĵ곤ͷ
ǵ곤
곤͵곤ĺڰٺϣ


62 
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ף
˲Ŀ
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˵仰ľȻǶ
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, ԶԸ, һ곤¶ƣ̬, ֻһģԵ곤ôأһõˡ
š¥΢Цŵͷֱתһ⡣
ʱŵļѾֺܳʱˣ룬ͿͶ뽨ˡ
˿ݶ̫㣬˷װóɱ̫߲кܴԡһλҰʹöռ䶨λӵʱš
һý, ܴҰǾĳЧ, ÿ춼ҪŵѲ߶ҲѺ, ܼٸ¥ںϡ
ǣ㶨λʱţ
ִָһţؼҾͻؼңưɾ͹ưɵָ߼ʱţ
ڳֵʱ֮Ŷǹ̶㶨λ, Ǽһͻ, һѡͬռڵ㡣ҵ, ҪʵҲһ£һ׼Щʱ֮ŵĲϣһͦ鷳
ǵĺҪ¥ٷˣ˵ԼĿģΪשɡ
󡣡
ǡӦ
ʩһֱάҲרҵĽŶӡͷһѶ㶨λʱŵļҪĲϽ㣬ⷽרŶЭ㣬ܲܳ͸
û뵽һӵҹ곤鷳ôļŵ곤Ͳ
СĿȥֻ곤ƽп϶
֪Ϊʲô̲סֱͦţԣû⡣
ã¾ͽˡ
곤ٴο
⣬ЩӷĵòˣһֳŵмõĹĹпɿҪĹ԰ɽʪء꼾ɽӣҲͦġʱҰѺúϵҵɡ
Ŀɿ۷۶˸һ˲תʮͷʼˡ
ϵڵ곤˽˵ģʲôϵأǵĴڱӵ޷ľ޴ֵ
˵ҶѰĶֲҪԭǡͽɽȺʪرɭϡֲ㲻ʲô
곤λǶ䲻лĺڰٺϣϴº͵Ц⡣
ϣǵĻϲ
Ұǵĸ߲㿪ʱطҲ³
˵˲Ųһ꣬ȻܰҰ
ЩƽЩĶˣһǸϼ޻Ϻꡣ
ҲñǮ
ʲô
û콵ڱ֮ǰͶô࣬ڳ˳ֻҪջȥʮٱŸġҿɲţ˵ĴȻܺסЩһ˸۵ҰǹƳɳ¿ܶܡ
Щ˶ſֻ֣бѶǰ˱ס
û뵽ͻȻһҰǴϵ²һΪ˵ĶûУЩƽʲôĹҶ֦ȻϡȱĻ޸ҩ
Ҫըˣ
ɭΪ飬һعҰǡҳŵ㣬ֻҪңҿԷ֮һһҰǡ
ǰǸȴֻǸŽɫĴè΢ЦΪԼܻȥ𣿡
ʲô˼
𡤽ɭ۾˺ꡣ
ҰǷٷͨ濪ʼ˾ѾˡҲûãԸǷˣǸ壬
ΪǼٵģģá
˾ȳֻΣֻΪʣһֵΪҰǣҲʧ
ҪȥҰһˡ
ֻһλᡣ
֮ǰ£ȥҰǣȺ߽Ǽǵľƹݡʱδ˵ݣǸ곤͸
˫ЦЦĵɫ۾Щļ¡
곤Ǵģ
ЩԶļǴóģĶֲɭǴģ
ı˭ʲôĿģ
ءȩۣ̀˵󺿽С಻ܲˣֻʨƺԡ
ͷʨǱ֣۾ҲǺǳĽɫ˳
ŴСĴèԴעȴǿĻϡ
Ǳƺ곤Īͽֻ涴һ߰
ǱĻ˸ΣյĴڡ
ڱصá
ˡ⣬滹ǲɫһ
ţ
˴ӳλܲİɣ
ǰıֹǲģΪʺͳŤˡ
ƾʲôƾʲôһ˲һôױǽܣΪĺȴ֮ģ
ģޡ
Ťı飺ҸôԴȴһģԭҶʧ
ʧĻһ˲ͼĸ׵Ļصǰ۾ɴ˾ȼյúޡ
ѹס⽫ըŭ𣬡һԸһλᡣ
ͣƬֱ̣ǰһνţ˵һٸһ֣ر֡Ұǻʶ˶԰ɣ
ǡ
ȵֱջȡҰǣʱ͸ŹȥټʶЩˡҵ˻ȡǵĴڡ
ʲôǰ̧ͷǡ
СһءҪ£Уǡһλᣬ㲻֤Լ𣿡
һλᣬ֤Լʷ˶ѭ뵽˵ûϿĸף뵽ҰЩϵĹ뵽װƵǰǣ뵽ǱʵȴεϣǸɶˡ
ڣһ˿ԥͲҲˡ
ãͬļƻ
ο͵뿪ʱҰѾָյƽ
Ҳڵ¹Щ˻ڣǺٳǳҲǳԷ˯ҰǾӰ첻
곤ľƹƹҲճţԭʲôӣھʲôӡ곤ƺıҰǣûае˼
ͺܺáʵĵ곤ôش治֪ã˶벻ܺá
ϲҰǵĸСȥ͸ҰǵѲ߶ӣѲ߶ӻøΡ
ʵĹֵҪ󶼺ܵͣΪʲôļһԱ
ҰǵĸжôʼˣǴЩľļ˱ԱڸͰ
곤ܲȶÿ춼ȻˣôʸҲϡ飬ܻϣԱȶһЩ
£Ժڶ޸ҩǻõġˣҲ˻ţžϣ
ҰǻÿļЩˣÿǻͳһһ
ͬʱø߿﷣Ҵɨһ
곤ûڸС˵ʱѸ߿ļһﶪ̫ɹߡԾ巣󣬺ܶ˶һ
ֻҪ𶯲̫գһк˵
ôﵽĿĵĵ곤ôأ
̫ģһȺʳؿ޳һ顮̲
Ǿƹݣ̲ꡣ
ŵ㣬ƹݿţůɫĵƹķľ͸ůůľ̲㡣
̨ĵ곤žƣ
վľƹµ̲Ǹʲô
곤Ϊʲôо
԰ûг
ϾƿʹչС˶Ѿָģ˵״̬Ҳͬ
곤Ѿа££ҰǵʱʱھƹݿһȺ߲ʵĹ
곤ƺûʲô仯ûͻȻúоСȻҲûͻȻС
Ա˼죬ڻǱﲻסˡ
⻹Ұͨ˵һҰǵĳôʵںѽ곤֮ǰЩ߸ϵĳȺš
֪곤Լʲô롣
ûʲôͬ곤˵˰죬
׼ȷλ߼ˡ
ǵǮ֡
곤̫ǫˡ
ҩлл곤ء
ͣ곤ָǵľȥٺҲⵥġл̫ˣֻ밲ƺȾƣ̸¡
ҧ̲ܵĿɿЦ֪곤ʲôˡ
ϰ壬ЦǡС
ӡɿһѴ棬ݺݵġ
ͨѶ˸ɫ⣬ɿɴͨѶüͷҲֱգ


63 
Ұǵ, ߳ΪҵĴԴͿֲðϷյȡأȦŶӹȡ֣ʱһ춼мŶӡ
еر, ǲðģȻ, ҰǹٷԱǰȫıڡ
ô죿
Щë
û߾;԰ȫĴ˵
, ԼҪ, ɣھͱˡɿ׼ͨ, µϢ, ǵ곤ġֱˡ
ֱյ룬ѹ¡
ѹ¾Ϳ𣿡곤ڲԶǰ棬ɿǲ̧ͷһۣ룬Ҫʲô𣿡
ѹ¾УӦ̫ףôԳǵĳ⣿
췽ıҲǷǰʱֻһ, ׼ս, ҪΪġ
Ϊ
, Ҫ̽, Ǿ̽, ԼĹС򵥼֣͸һ侲žŵӰӡ
¾ҸɡɿԾԾԡ
, Ǿͽˡ
ɿֱѯաеȴǡ֮
ԭȦλ, ضǱߵʱ, ˺ܶƯӢδߣ֮Ϊľ
ȻôɫԴô벻֣
ЩȦŮﵽһ߶ȵʱ򶼻ţŮνصǺšҲ֮֡ġźš
곤˵ձ𣿡ɿԽԽԽԽɫҵĸҪʲô
ƿۣüµľգҪʲô
ЩƯԼ֪ʲô뻹Ǳ룿
֪Լڸʲô
ɿ˺ܶ࣬
ʱƵ֮Ϊӷлȡ˿µ棬ȫ׷ǣŮٶĵָ֮ݿ࣬ǷǶԴ
ǹҵѹ֡ȻûʲôáЩǰǼĺҲվ
Ҫ֪ͨʲôͨ˾ֻ֪ʲôҪģľֻܱЩʱǰ
Щʱ޷Ӱ쵽Ұǡ
ҰǴսҰ̫ãҪõʩѹ۱ȣ˵ط
ѹҲûеⶫȻûУôܣ
˵ӰҰǵĹʻǸǸЦҰĹʻ
ԡ
ɿͻȻ뵽ʲôҰǿ׼ᣬۻҪһµġ
΢˵곤ΪʲôҪѹ¡㹻곤ϵϸĹңѺùͨ
ֻҪһ£۸⡣
ЩȢ˵ĸ
Ҳɵӡɫǰһ氮
¿ȤѽҸһɡɿɰսĿ͵£ұʾѱˡ
Ⱥ׿ÿ׵ѵͷĹһҵ
ʱķ¡
ţսĿҲڶصĿ͵üͷϸߡɿǸһԼϲľҪˣϲϷ
ЩһԼбڣǵСԼ㲻ҪϷټ죬һ仰˲Ϣ֮ôòҷȥ
ѽô˵ġֲ㱣ǣֻǱ֤Щ˲ҰǶѡǱĹգӣ곤Ҳúͷ۵İɣɿɵϢҲܿ췢
֪ˡ͵·ʲԸļ֡
ߺߡɿɿֵؼȣָϿٻٴεһζ̲裬곤µˣһ̲衣
곤
СĬĬԼϰ壺ᱻġ
ֱϣĴ𰸡ƹݴȺ󣬳¥Ұǵݶϡ
ﲢϳǣĵشݶŸֵģ
Ұкܶ಻˼Ĵ⣬ЩݶֲһЩĶֲЩһѵ̫ܰ壬дСֿռģ߾Ϳɷ紵ɹ
¥һݶıأխխʮ׿Ļߣڲ׵Ԩұһѿԭòá
紵ҡҡڰڣһ̤վʬ޴档
㻹Ҫã
һ޳Ӱӳ󷽡
¥˸ط£˫ڿлζţŽ֣һߵķ
Աˣģڳ¥Ա߾ֳ
鷳ʧ
鷳ֻǺ棬еڴ
ǳеıԵʥһϳǣǰûйһƬڣµĳҲǰģߡ
¥ɵխխĻϣ˫Ժһֻ֧һֻŻڰգζ
ûжǣͷԿյĳ¥
һ˵̫ʱ䣬ʱʱ˯ԺҲǡĿҪʧȥܵϲģģĲ
¥ʲôķ羰
ҹպúڰҲûƣϧǻһ㡣¥ҹѰԼϤ㿴ÿһǵĹⶼǲһġǵʱF㣬ǲǿϵУɫͬâƬǹ⡣
̧ͷϳЩҲԶǵһƬţ
ϲһǰˣЩӵ˲űþޡǣֻһֹ⣬δ̫ˡ
Ϊǽڣ¥ԸͣѡΪ
һսʤϣⲻĴκ˵ĴһҲ뿴ϣ
¥˵Ҳûм⡣ͺһ㣬ĥɾҲԼҵһ㡮šʵС
ֻҪĸǺͳ¥úõģͺúõġ
ʱһЩǹںҹļžԭǲ֪Ķڻƴ
һߴһ߻עŲҪƻʩһ㲻мǱ
˭ڶŹȥɨ𣿡
ŹȺ˵ԭһȺƷѲ߶ӣˡ
Ѳ߶ӣ߿ߣ
´ȡԴ
ޣ´Ū㣬ЩСܣ
ԭȴܵ˷·èںڵӣһһ߻źݻۡ
Ѳ߶Ұǻأֻ¶һ棬û찵ص˾ɢˡ
վס
˵վҾվҲ
һ׷һӣһµսʼˡ
֡¥һûвֵ˼Ź׷ɱҰǵճֻҪעⲻҪ꼰㣬Ҫƻܡ
º
ͨսĿϷˡ㿴ҰǡϢһοͱֱ쳣
˵ҰǺΣհΪʲôҪȥֲġ
֪ǲΪ˴̼αۺݣԽΣյĵطԽײ~~
ڰɣʱ䲻кܶҳҰǵĶôΣգôҳġ
涼ǹ˵ģҰôֲҹעǰʱֱҰǣϹš
ޣ¥ǲҪ
һðŰ̵޴ܼĻɫȺڼα͹ǰ
ÿһһ
Ǹ߸ߵ͵ͼһʱ͹һ飬ʱﰼһ飬һ㻹ǹҵ磬һͱ˸ӵĹ͢硣ǲǹǳĹĽһС״װ޶һĵ㽨һŤŤĸСʱĻľһ
Ұǣɫ
Ǹ̽ϷıŶ֪ˣҰǾǸϷȡء
档αǶͨͷ·ҰϢĳС
ţʲô
žһƬɫӵĽȺǵķӹһƬе򣬺ɫġڿһð̵Ļ趯ɼɫĹȺͿɫķס
ȻֻǾһƳȫϢģⲻѹȸȴһ˲ǵֱмĿհס
ǣ
ȺԹ
Ϯǣ


64 
Ϯô, ˵ֱĹڣǷϵļα̲סһſڴ߿Ҫøһ㡣
ȺԹռǰ, Щǿ󷢴ĹңȺԵĹҲҪɫٳ, ҰôСһط
αǴܵұߣҪѵڷĹøһ㣬ǿӹ򣬽ĵش
Ŀ߹, Сȣ
ѾʽҰǣ򵼴ǡҰطȽر, ϣҶر˴ˣҪΥطɷ档
ʱĹȺϮ¼Ѿβ, ڴ˴ҹĳ¥úĵһսʿȥϢ, Ҳսҹ
ôʱ䣬ֻȺԴ泲ɱһ, ĹŮһһֱɱѨɱŮʤƽųת
, СԲ¥һѺɫװսʿоһСӣŮСԲ
СԲ㵼ٺЦ
ϰ壬ٸӵ
ӵΪǾ𣿡¥ˡ
׼װãѡСԲ϶
Ϊһף㵼ʮ, ԶĿ, ɷΧʮ׵ڶ򵽵Ĳװ, ԾѻֵģڹȺҲܺá
СԲʾһ񫡣
ȥϢ¥СŮһԿֵİŰ
ŰѾָΣǸɫƤĴˣǵһ뵽޸ҩġ
ŰӹСԲҪ̲𣿸ݵࡣ
̲裿ðð
СԲˣֳвٲ̫ߵĻսʿ׶µģ¿ģõģþôȥ
ˣѵ޺֮ôöУõᷳΪֹ͵ԼҲ᲻ãսʿ
ɭ˵սʿôˣ
Ѿ̧ȥҽԺˣ̺ӪҺءҪ˵Ҳòţֲȱ첲ˣ߯󡣡ɭҡҡͷ
һǾӵĴֱȫԱװսװˣǹڶ䵯ָ߶˲豸ˣҽԱʱ֤ǵȫǡ
ү
˵ллǵľ񣬹ȺһǾٶ뿪ԲûԱ
һƬ򣬴ϵ£ʮ˿ڣȻСʱѸٳϣҰǵľоʣһ䡮֡
ȷɭҲͷϵľ񡣵ȻҲ˵곤ŵǵʧ϶Ϊ˲¡
Ӧõġ¥ЦЦҲȥϢɣֻ۾ǺѪ˿
ǡɭ˾񣬴һսʿˡ
Ƚȫ豸걸ĺϵľ񣬻ѵصսʿͻսʿԽ
㴫˵һȺһǵĹȺҲκҰǲá
ţ¥ƺоʲôЦһʱˡ
ʱȺѾɵϳǵķΧڡ
˳ָʾƵָŵķͣϳǵĹ¼ŮŮ
Ǵſʱеķװϻǡôľȣ֮ǰĹϮǡ
̫˰ɣĿǲǹģϮǰҵģҪڸأ
ŷɫװżѩ׵ȭͷƴС۾ɵԲԲġ
˵λĳɳϵżѵӪųԱʮͷֻ
ֱ䱾Ҳ۹ȺʱȴһȺźȵķ˿ˢ
αҲ¶Ǿŵı飬ֻ費ȿɰ˵Ըǣװֻ˵ڡ
ҽĿº̤Ұǣܲһ׼ûСȻҲģȵס
ҲõġһݸߵվЩᣬüһ
Ұڵطǿռĵطƽÿһ궼ϵĹ﹥¼ҰʧأұȻΪսһߣҰǵǿסѹûзܹһֻ·ĹҲһ
ʣαı鶼֣дˣոտһжȦ󣬷˿Ҳ࣬Ҳûʲô
Ƕʵʲô漣˶ǣαûнһ£ûаλϡ
Ǹżαһ˵һ䣺ҵõȷϢⳡȺϮǵΣѾˣֻǸβ
ʲôոֻβҿ˲Сͻˡ
ĹȺģȷʵ󡣡
ҵôΪǸһǲи˴ĺɫƺǾǴ˵еĳ泲αһ۲ģһʱע⵽ſҪĺɫк
ĸĹȺ˵һҰǾȻܽĹȺֲʵ
ȷȺѾڿɵ۹Ⱥˡһ泲ĸĹȺԶԶһۣȥܺݺݴ
Ǵĸһ־һмĹȺ
ֻ˵治ǹƵҰǡ
һ̷ŮȺ߳һֱߵϳǵıء
վڳ֮۸ĸо治
ҰǺܴ󣬴ʱķ򿴣ƬϮĵֻڵĻ̡ǵͷܿѵĺӺɫĺϻ̳ĴữŤĳС
˼ȥ˱أҲ߹һС
֣ϿҰǵĽߣӾȴкǿҵĴ̼ڽµĸо
۵Ů̧ͷƲԼ̫̫Ľˡ
ưֲܺͬĸоһγҰ
ζ
ѹֺܶ˰峿ϳǿճ򿨵㣬ȷ
Ǵ˵еôһüժºֱ֣䵯Ļļб
ҰǿܲģӵСİ
ֱȰϺԼ׵ĵĻΪӵĳѪͳ·żӵǧ򼶵Ļۡ
ᡢֵʱۺȺ˵ıǩԲֹͬ˾вͬ;籾һġ
δĳһ죬ǻǵǰţΪ֮һսЩżʱڷ˿ģԷ˿ԸΪǳ
ʵļαյԼ޵ѣ֪ԼӦʲôɹĻȴǵĽǸõԴͶ룬Ǯ
ھͷǰЩ˶ֵú
ѰҺʵĻᡣ
ǺãԶյĸλҽɳҮʱΡϳ߳һ޵ŮԣĶ̷ڷĽֱ
λ鴦һԱץץģǶӴʲôţЩ軵ĹЩĪ԰
ۣƯ㣡˵ҰǶǳλң
¥Ϲª˰ɣҰǸʮĻ޸ҩǰ룬ɱǱδߡ
ʲôֺ£Ҫʮ򣬻룬Ҷˡ
ǺǣǺô룬벻
꣬˵ˣֱ
ֳļαмɫҽܡ
ҽܺɳҮ͸ôȺȥ֮ǰõķˡƴֵչٷԤԼ޵һҾƵ꣬СɭִƵꡯɭԱߡ
λɳҮתϳķߡ
ƽ̨ϵȻɫ⣬һӰͶ
Ӱźɫ򵥵зɫβ߸ؾϻһĨںۼ˵ʲôʱע⵽˾ͷ߻ɨ
ͺдİͻһۣԭʼĻԴѪѹƼֱָ˫ȷ
ֻͶӰαȴŵõһֱҲû
áÿµġ
죬˵
ɳҮվסˣׯصؿŰеͶӰ۾䣬ԡ
곤


65 
ʮ, Ұǽĵʮ¼ҲҰɱѹĵʮ¼
ǵսʿֻ˽ɱּĹȺ֣ңԱ
˵, Ӱ¶һĨǳЦ, еҰǾ, ǽ벢ЭսʿȫͨԼķʽԼĳУսʿ, Ҳػߣ
αʱע⵽ŶôڵһЦҲͶ
޸ʧͳƹ֮ɡȺʱסʱõ㣬ÿר˸һͣ㣬ҲֳԱѰ׵, ҲԵ¼, йԱʮСʱ
Ұǣҡ
ɳҮ, ֻһɺӿǰûսʤʱ, ֻһζγ, ѹŹ򣬺޲һһں䵽ϼҡ
ﳱΣ
ˡ
Ұǵľ룬οһ顣ӰһʧֻĿڴɽ뿪ļαһ, ʣ˭
ܴҰǽ, СǸ߰ɣ
硣
ǵֱҲһƬڡ
Ұǵĵ곤Ҽ
ʲôꣿַģ
˧
ֹ˲֪ʲôʽԼļ, ֻԼϤ׷ǵ麿С
Ȧĸǿɰ, ֿɰ޺ǿΣյĴ֮ȴǲɴȴɵã̰ȴҽ
Ǹÿ춼µżĹң˶˲ĸԣ˾տء
ֻҪ˹һ޷ǲں˭ĸңʲô¡
ֻǾһƳֱĹǾ͵µģٶڲżˡ
Լ׷˭ֱ䣬ֻϵĻһ麰Լļ;ޣһꡣ
һֱֱĽĿĬˣ޷˵Ϯͷ
Ҳ̫ˣ˵ҰǵĳǸϲ罻ǻѡƹݡгȥˣǵķ˿Ұǵĳֱǽ
جγ棬¶һ˿ǽˡ
ͷ֪λҰǵĳϸġǿء֮ĸǩòžƣЩ˻ʲôӡ
ȻѾˣͨķ˿ѾӰʵϢڶ̶̼ھһϵֵͼƬƵ
ǵ곤ִɡŷ̸Ц˻ҷĻ棬пΣˡ
˿־壬ʼ
Ұǵĳ޵
ˣġ
¥Ϸʲô֢߸˵ǰžӺúԼǾϵľʹҫ۵飡
ЩĽǿɫ
ϵĹڷ񲷢idǾɰģȴһ˵͵Ĺвʣ̲סֱԣ
շܲԼһҰǳС䣬ֱ䡣
ҿƫҪ˵ƫҪ
ˣߣȥȥ
ĹΪΪ񣬴Ҵһؼһ·ĳԼĳ¥ȴ˸¡ͻȻоһЩֵģëȻ˶񺮡
ˣҲ
oˡ
ﴫǳǳЦ¥üëһִһάȽ˴ԭҲЦ
£ЦΪʲôҲ᣿
Ǹ⣬ȻͬһˣΪʲôֻһЦ¥δƣȻһˣ¥ӽϸܵȴǹ¼šϲá
ԳһýڷЦ֪㲻ֵܰġס
˵¥ѻ·һɵʽϲһ˫ƤЬʯɺ֮İ뱦ʯ
Ϊ·һ鳤鲼۵Ƴɣ¶磬¶󱳣ͷڵʵʵֻ¶ؾЬ
ϲɿʱ¶һĳۣϲִűʯЬ߸ɴŽš
ΪģΪԼ
ǰ¥ֻΪǰûоĻװᰡ~
ߣԻȥߵĳ¥һɫ߸ڽϣһʧھƹݶ¥
ҰǳϢԽԽ㣬һֱעֱ䷴չĬĬ鳯ûԤ뵽ķչݣô죿
û£Щ˳ȥȺȥˡˮҺ˰ɣͷһҪùڶҰᣬҪʱüαһ¡
õĵݡ
ֱһ˿·ȥҰǳСˣαȴ֪Щңոûгǹңһż񶼵Ȼʧɫ
ǿȥƵɣۺ۰żøϽתƻ⣬ע
ѽ˵סĵطҰɫľƵ꣬˺氡һż˵
϶Ҳͼأ㿴Ŷ
ǼαݹļƾΪͷҪǱͷʣǲ衣
ɳҮҲô̫ѾϳǾͻúȺȣµƽ̵̨ڻЬס
ͷ
һ߽ϳǣûȥֱݣߵһֵװǰ
Ϊʲô˵װأ
Ϊžô¹µǽʮ־룬ǽҲ컨壬ôһš
߰ɣҴȥƵꡣɳҮ˵
⣿֮ǰǸųԱɻ󣬴̱ᶶһ¡
ţҰǵĳзʽ֮һšɳҮµŶˣʱš
ʱţαǵľڲٸ䡣
Ϊ¿ƼʱżʹĵطھȻһЩҵ͹䡣
ǹΪִǮͻǮʱţֱĹ֮һǵʱƺİ
ɳҮ㣬ʱţôǳĲ̫һǲǡֹһģ
αǽӴʱ֮Ŷд̳ôûôСģȻͨŵĴС
ʲôʱͷıĿƼɣ
ϾҰطǺǮ
Ϊ͸ļα
Ƿ˰ɳҮЦˣҰʱŵ㣬Щźͱ𴦵һģһǾ̫ûɫˡ
˵̲ͬ»˼ȥʱţСǳҪĹģ
ʵЩȫװҲֻм죬ɳҮȴһ֡ˮܳģǴС֡ĵ赭д˵
Ұһٶţʹ÷Ҳܼ򵥣ҵķͼ򵥵ţ֣򿪣߽ȥͻᵽȥĵطҶȽϲֳзʽݷ㡣
˵ϵ֣ȷʮõķɭָʮš
һȣǵ򶨵㴫𣿡αŲ̫⡣
ΪʲôҪķͼ򵥵ţһ˷Ǿ仰ص㣬͵𣿡
ɳҮȵüͦġ
ţбͱȽиԵţʱţÿһδͨطһҲ֪Ǹϲ֣ұȽϲš
ǳ˵ģżҪһ;ϲ
ţźĲʮֵǽڣһƬȻ̳
ౡһȺɫëСɹڻ̺ƵĲݵϣһƬ
ɸλӭҰǡɳҮǾ㵵ı飬΢΢һЦ


66 
Ȼкö
֪곤ûмƻּһᵽζʳֱ߽䡣
㶨λʱ, ѾһֳԽ֪ƼĸγĽ֮ĹڻۼαɫΪǵݡ
һߣյĻԱҲڵȴ, ǶסϳǵĴš
ϳǵĹԱƵƵĿüһ, Ҳ߸α, һٶźЩǵǲԼԷǲԼ·
еȻܽɵĹԱ¶޷ı顣
ʵЩչԱҲǲ̫⣬Ұǵװе֫Ƕʱһϰ, ȱ첲ģΪʲôһԭʼеװ¶棿޸ƤûκƤˡ
Ǿϲִҵ¶Ľṹ
ⲻģֻҪˮˮⶼС¡
ٶ˵˽ЩĻԱʼͨذġֻ˿š
Ҳǲ, ҪôС, ǵĶôô, ݡϳǵĹԱ˵
ܾ˾Լܵ˺
ʱ֮ź˲𣿡
Ǻ˲𰡡
ֻôͷɥߡ
ʣ¼΢еλĵݸ֮ľԼŰ, Ҫȥ֮ǰµ硣
ǾסĵطͲǼ۸߰ġɭִƵꡯ, ɭָһ磬װûôҲС۸Ƚϵ͡
Ӵ, ⴩ܽʱˡ
ʲô, ҿҲˡ˵ǸӰѾ𣿡
, ҲֲǡԱǵһôݵĳзʽ, ǲҴ˵µӣ;һСֹ
αװӰʦǰ档
˿̾ͺҰǵĻһԾ˲ΪԼ뿪˺ü꣬ʵҲ뿪¡
Ұǵı仯ʵЩ
Ȳ޸ȵҰǾ񣬾˵Ұǳзʽ֮һûûʹù
ȻĴǡרߡȻһճŻݼ۰ǧ˰ٰˡ
̫ˣûأϼҾͳд򿨵ˣЩͬѪ尢̹Ǿû
尢̹ţʲôûôܽȥס䡣˵ˣԼľƹƹҲδ򿨵֮һԼԥģ˻Ҫѡգ
һǮܻȡΪһճҾסڳݴ³ڽ¡
˲ǸƵڸʲôǳ𣿳ݵ̶ʲôô
ޱȱߵ飬ǰӰŶ߽ţһ뵽档
Ұǵĵǰƺûʲô仯ۻһȺ̶ȼߵġԣǾ
סڵײЩҰˡ
·øɾˣҲˡ
϶ǸŶӣǰЩм˰ղģȴֵطǸЦ
ȷŶӣǻص滷ˡŶÿ춼ڻˣΪÿ춼ȥһ̬ȴܺãֺǺǵģĸµҰǵָ·Ǳ塣
ֻҪ꣬ҾǮ޸ҩˡ
綼ıۣ³޸ҩΪᵼҰ٣Ұǵľ½Ұǵľô롣
ȻûȷҰǵײķ۱ˣͬʱ͵ʱнҪ󡣶ΪҰǹ˵õһ
ҰǵĸıǳĬĴ꣬ϸϸģƬ˵أϵˡ
ҵȷһԴҲҰǵʹ
ÿ˶ϣ
һ͵ڶĻ޸ҩѾ£֮󻹻е곤ŵģһ
ҪŬŬ
ǰŰ߳ȻǻûҵԼҪס磬΢΢𶯣ǰͷƺʲôˡ
·ߵҰ˶ߵߣǽվţÿճһ·
ͣһ£ߡ򿪸˱֣ηҰ֮ĺ鳤亹˿ߣð෸ŻﶷŹƴĻ档
ˣˣ
ԽԽǿңԶ̳ǰ˺üҪӿЩɳŨķɳȴ˼ߴӰӣŷеĺХ
ǣ
ߴսۼĻڵͿշĻɳ֣ĦгǺɹڿɫߡ
Ȼɫ׵ĺ棬һȫɫľֳ֣µǹǧͬٴκ͹Ծս޲ʤıʡ
ǰ֪ʲôŵһƨ˵ϣ۾ɵôģȴֱӡ
Ұǵľӣ
ôҰǵľӣ
ǰһͼǮ߰Ļסװ˶ġ
˼˰Щ
ǸƵģķˡ
ҡҵġ
˧ôô˧
ɲɣαҲǵһʱϻعҰǻ׶Ӻ;ӡͬǽվţɵɵŷ·һľ߹
αǺֱ䶼мӵļžֱֱ䱻ˢ
ûBGMûпŹЧɷѵصľʾõױݡ֧ӼֱһĹڴ硣
ôҰôعҵеУֱ˿Ʋסһ˲ڵѪҺ
ѲѲѲݣҰ֧Թٶλܰսʤľӣ
ֱĹĻ޲ýͷȥȥҰǡ
ҪˣӴĶǾƮŻĶ䲻һӲعҵĻ׺;ӳǰ۾첻ˡ
Ǹմӹսɣ֪ʲôǡɱˣĻ
ʲôɱǺɶɱըɱңɱң
һ˵һҰǾӵͿװԵģĺɫ͸ֱĳȺɫǳš
ǣҰ治ǻ֮һ֪Щûɱ˰ɣ
˶ܿЩ˿ʲôҰǾ͸ˡ
¥ϣ˼һ˵뿴ǻ֮뿴лˡҰһ㶼󲻰಻̫Բˡ
ҵҰǺ˼ȻеĲ̫һô˵أ˵󣬲˵ࡣ
ǻʱţֳһȫͬ硣ûҰһ֧ǿӣȻѪսս
ܼŹֵཨԭʼķ羰ѵսľӣû뵽ЩԪܽһ
ðС
ɶҲ˵ˣѾԤɭִƵķ䣬ȥ
ֻĽǸЧĳϵͳһٶʱŰֵǣⲻǸڸ߼趨Ұ͵͵Ǽʱˣ
¥㲻һˣžܴӼſأҲθôֱ֪ݵĳзʽʲôʱֵСߡ
ŰɣʱŵĲ϶ۿˣòò𡣡
ףʱŵĲôôҼǵҼҸĴʱŵĲϷòر߰
Ϊ߱ʲͬ𿴶ʱţʱźʱŵĹԭ̫һ
ʱǿųƻռ䣬ǿͨ꣬ʱŵľڲȶԼǿųƻԣԴʱ鷳Ҫȫװܽ
ʱõһָ߼ļԲҪĲϵȻҲͬҸոհƵҵĵʦˣ˵Ұһٶ໥ͨתļеʱŻҪ߼һ㡣
лл¥Ͽգǹ԰ɣ֪ܲܰҰתһ飬ҶǸǧ˰ٰ˵һճܸȤ
뿴˵еҹɫǺӣ
ҹɫǺӼһƱ
ҹɫǺӼƱ
Ǽαֱ䶼Ұǡ
Gкܶصĵ׵ĺ׳ǣɽڵĻɽǡЩسдرȻΪ㡣
ҰǵĵλûȻ۶ûкرĵطرľĻ
أΣգҲ
粿һԱʱ̶Щֱ䣬ֲҰǵĻ⣬ǾҪתƻ⣬ģ㡣
ҰˣҪռשߡ
ôûϴ󣿡
ҿһصؽ
Сݡ
һǺöϴֳԶʳ
1
滷ķ䣬ӹ˷м䣬˫Ȼ࣬ɫֲˢɫ֡
ӣͨ롣
ۣľվڴϢġȺУһűɴƵĶιߡ
ͣ﷢౾С֧С㣿


67 
ԭǾ, ԭǾ塣ľôһĤ۾ǰһУɿˢϢԡ
ûƮƮ, ийٶü, ͺҲƿ
ѹֻȫˣˡ
һʵھ, ѧϰ
ϲţŵܹоôЩ, ܴӾ٣
Ҫ
ԱǸߴ˻˵, رýв, һۣȺС
ȵ, С, ĳûн㱣Լ𣿡
Ц, ľûǿҾͨ塣
ǵģһ֪ԼǱľ硣
Ҳ۲ĸǵԴĸǰٷ֮ʮǺ, ֻûҵɶ֡
оѣ˵û˾ѡ
;Ѿ, ж, һʱ
ʱ, ľѵװˡ
һֱȥǾһ䣬һֱҲ취
ڣˡ
ҰҪԶһȥѧϰѵɡ
˺ŵĵ곤ô˵ġ
ȫ綼ĥءʱ޸ҩѾҲ˵ĴɽѾῪˣȫ
곤ƻڰڻȡһݻ޸ҩҿȫ
ѾָľѾкܶҾѾжĳ츳׿ţ͵Ļš
⻹
綼ܣȱҰҪһ㣬ٿһ㡣
곤ѡǻĹƣ̼ͬѵҲ
ҪǣǵľԿ
Զͷϵĵһѽ
˻źڰϷܴ棬곤Ѿ뵽ڰϷ뿪֮Ұˡ
ڰϷʧֻҪͨءڼҰǿԽҵȡԴ֮أ
ĹǿҰǻȵλ͵Լɱﵡ
ɱﵾǡ
㹻ǿ֮󣬻һġޡϵһ壬Ǵ󲿷ֶӵпֲɱ
Ǽ̫Ҫˡ˵֮ǰǵʱô֮󣬾ʱ
ƼľݻףľĸַĸҪǿľ
ûȫѾ޷̤Ǽԭ

磬ֲ˼񣬵ѵĿ͵¿ŸոͻףҲǿƲסԼһֱǡ
ǰӹȺֳȺŮѾɱѵĳѨҲһѻˣǱɭľβ
͵һ£ǵһ͵͸ٿػףڶڼ󵽴ŵĸ˺Ϳ͵½нӣǼŵС̰̫ܲñȥˣʱ޷Խ
ȣĿû
͵ŬԼֵ÷Ƶ
ЩĻ׶õģʺܼͳеСͱλǸոѾʵˡԸݳΣ½̬׵׵СҲʺҰխĽܼĵطܶ㡣
͵¶ЩݻҲڴ
µŬѵ޺ô룬ʮĶȻȲѹŵһٶĶɽֺʪأһѵѾǴ´ࡣ
½õǼ޺ʹ׵ĺ̨ңЩ׺ά豸Ҳʼ
öǺö
پҵʦʮ꣬ڸҰǵĻά޹
ЩҲãǰѧУ뼸궼벻ЩʦµĻ׼豸İˡ
ɲã곤ÿռչġһҪףȴĻȥĺԱֹ
ֹʲôأͬĿ͵תʡ
ûʲôٺ٣ϴ˵ʲôʱܼʻЩһѽݵĻףϻֶʮϣһˬ
ܾõġ곤͸¶£͵¼ᶨ˵
ȵл׶⣬Źرգ͵²һ£ǸʲôǲǾˣ
Զԣǽ졣
ŵ㣬Щ׷Դ鷳
棬Ұǣ˭˭СһƲƲ죬ٴƵˣҲʲôǡ
ǣǲ鷳鷳͵üͷȺ˵г̺·ͼҡ
ǣϴ󡣡
ţ˿̵ĳ¥ҰǣȴҰǣȻҲעЩСС顣
Ұǳ£
¥ع񣬿ڣûС
һСϣ˿ҹһԲ¹գ¹⾲ں棬ҲЩվδЦŮŮϡ
ɳ̲һֶ֧ڱݣĺĶȫͶͷţ衢質ҡ壬ʣδ
ԡΪĻװᣬ˶ɴ˵еģ
£ָǡ⣬췽ĳһĵ̶̼²ЩһѾȫӦִᣬǱ໹Ҫ裬Ҫ޼ɵ
¥ͽҲˣǲδϣɳ̲ϵԣϸɳӭźɫȾơ
ƻϻм
һoǲδۣղؾƱңңԼ
ҲΪɢϢ̫ΣգǲҿûȤ
Ϊ鷳˻ԼڿռԿһطʵȴڲͬάȡ
¥һֻѹϥǣŻˮŮԱߡ໥ӰĴų䡢໥Ӱ졣
¥żЩ㱣С˭ɻôһ˲Զ롢ͷ
Ǹŵĳ¥
Ǳһ壬Ҫġǳ¥ǽڡӱ£ֻȥԦ
¥Ľڣ͵ĳ¥˵ǰһ¥ǹͬľһ¥ָڵġ
ɻ뵱Ҹĸ¥ŬЦΪ˳¥ĻΪ¥Ŀ֡ΪĿֶ֡
˵̸ţ֪ôתƵǹͬľϡ
¹ɴźȣ佫صǧǰĿϡ
ʱ໹ûôǿǾηȻҲϧԼӵеһСΪջΪһϲø質
ŮŮտĵطΧ裬һԻ൱ʱȽϼª
ܼªǲ۵ġ
¥ϲֵϲ߻ȺС
һ޵ͷߣ׹Ź˦ʱϣᷢö
¥ʹǸ߻ȺʹһЦ衣
ʹ˵˵ϲоиᣬһӨӨƵ߳Ⱥ
ͻһƤߣ˵ʦԼİ٣ˮһŸ軶
¥Ѿܾûе٣ԼѾôˡ
ٵ¥ֶ죬һ¹ڻɽɫƵָһһôĤЦ
˲ôЦôƣô١
ڵָһ£ٵĳ¥Ҳٵ
¥ָײңһЦ
Ц죬ЦأЦһп֮¡ԭ͸ģǴ쳾ĺ˸ӣﲻġ
Գ¥ʱʱѹңһɳϣһһȴŽġ
ɫ͸ˣ˵ľƣżͶһۣҲ̲סҪˡ
ϸڵĴǾƺ㵹¥С
ͨ¥ͻȻȾƣƾ͵˴ߡ
ˮӳŹ⣬͵ȡӣ¥ͷ˼ڣò죬һֽƺߣ˼ڶڡڽסҲֱͷֱ࣬ȫ꣬ƺⶪڵϡ
ƺһˡ
㡣¥ٶڽˣһ
ѽ٣·𽫾ˡ
¥µľƣƣ֪ԼںȾƣ֣߶
ڽž⣬ԽԽ죬ҲһƬӰ
ٵԭģȴ籩ļңֱߴȻֹϻص·ʪ΢磬档
ò
Ҳһ


68 
, Ҳˡ
¥Žڵ֪Ĳ֡ںų¥ľƣ֪ıǧƺɫʧ
ɳ̲ϻֵ, ڷ٣̧ͷ¥, ¥΢΢һЦ
û뵽ΪҰǵĳ
Ҳû뵽
¥ͽ, ӳǵ, еľƱϲľơ
ǳɫľˮذ׵ıζ, һһĸ㡣Ǽ˸мϲ֮ƣԽʹࡣ
ҰǵƵ, ǵĸмϲýʹ
¥ϣԶϲ, ؾξеһС
һɵҲ, ƫתȷ򡣵鲻һ̣ܷɡ
Ƹ߼, ֻںڰϷѹܹ, µֶοһ㶼١ȵڰϷͨ, ĿŻᵽ

ľյٴαײ, ¥̧ۿŶ, ¶ɻ顣
ò׳һΣȷҪһֱǱ𣿡ڰ뿿žƱ, º, Ȼѡ, ܲ뿪߲·ĺӡ
֪Ǻǻ
ϷǳϷҲԶСҰǴѹ۹ģ壬ϷҪ
ܾãرĳʵһ˱ת˲Ǳת
Ѿ߾ȫʣֻܽ׽͸ˡ
ΪԼܿ͸˵ģô£ܹôľֻõʱԼۿЦ
¥ñãϣȷ
Ȼĳ̶ֳǾһˡ
ҲʲôעעǾƬ졣
Ȼ¥ĻشͽЩͬ
һǰģӵУȴСҴġ
û뵽һҺºһԼȾơ
¥ҡҡͷҲ֪ζλʡֻһȷģˣԶᱳԼԼ
һҲһ룬ʮǰпܶѹϡ
˵ˣȴûлӦ¥ֵؿһֱҸʲôûп
û
ҪһңѾ֪𣿡
᲻ôںܾûиܹʻ̲סЩ̰ġ
̰Լˣæµæµ̰̰࣬ҰǶͼŶӺ⣬һȺһֱעš
ǵģǴ˵еġҰۡ
Ϊһеķ֮ҰӵΪڶ·˷ۡδؾϲж磬ϲصĻɫķΧ
ճҰǵĳ;ӳ󣬾һЩҵҰ˳
ˡ
еĳǰŷɱɺ͹ٵľ֣еӰӾϷУҰǾζΣζɱ¾ı
źҰǽĹԽԽ࣬ҰǵϢԽԽ࣬пʼøӡԻ
֪ʵҰʲôӵġ
ʵαҲܺҰʲôӣдûʣҲںܾ֮ǰ»ҺΣյӡ
չʾǰȫİ硣
ǲʱҪĽӭҡڵĸ˿Ұǵľ¡ڵ˴󲿷ĵҲ紫˵ǰ谵ӰƮš
ҰǸ˵ĸоȴֲġ
չУɵĿ˻¥䴩滹ҡεĺڻӣæµ۷䡣
¥¥ļзУ漣һ߲Ѥĺӣ峺·ɳĮһȪ˲˼顣
ӵ߻ŷֲӫСз衣
ǻ谵ĵصףҲᵽȻĲľζܸо΢紵յˬİӰȴЦҲú£оأر
ֲ׶ֱͯΣ½룬ȴҲɰȤ
˳źӵʮһƬͯɭִС
ŸƼĳʯϪʯ޵Ĳƺ̺Ƶ̳¿һֱƬɭֵ
ĲƬķ羰һܿķ羰ͱһ䣬ߵĲһһ
ô£αò˼飬ֻƶôһףܿķ羰ͻо޴仯ǲΪԼȫϢεbugʵ硣
ǿռչɳҮɭ֣ԺС
ȫһֹģĿռչʵһĶأ˼ǧĶصĿռ䡣
ɳҮû˵ǣȫڶ͵ĿռչʵҲҰǡԭǷɽȺǳ͵ĻѵѵͰ칫¥
ɽȺǷ״̬Ա߹ҲֻܿһƬͲرˡ
ҵ졣αĻǰĹһ̾ǻǵһθָ߼
һĶؿװ¼ǧĶصôԺһƽķӣܼټǧƽľס飿
αһڹڴ룬ȷҪǿռչܻݼͨˣǾСľסľסȤˡ
һĳɱҲӰɣܱʵҪĽɱҪ󡣷ҰΪʲôûиӶӳּأ
¥β𣿸Ҫ˵ƣ
ʵҲһκμճʱǰģȿѧҵ滻۲ϣ߽ѶȺɱʱҲõ۸ּˡǸߵľһ˵еĴռһ
ֶ࣬ͦ㡣
ϻھ̾ռ
չ߼αѾɳҮĴ߽ɭ֡
ǿƽĺϸһƵԲƽ̨Ҳ֪ʲôģƮƮȥһ̡
һر̨̣ȥǺȵġȤһȥһչ
ɳҮŸαܵĻᣬͷĹչʾҰǵ
ͬһָ߼ĿƼڳã԰ָ̬ɫģģɳĮɭ֡ԭ塢СͧȵȻȻۡ
վ泪裬̨ݲɼĸݱá
ǵ곤͸Ұ˵õĻǰµġŲ
ǸɱϷʹõĵߡ
ͬĶǰɱ˵ĵͿ־塣ǵ곤ȴǴЦݺЦ̨
̨ҲǻǺϵһ˿ֵĵط
ɳҮ˵÷ǳˣ̨Ȫһҹ֮ЧԵϣкܶͷһչҪҪԣʵĸ֣Ǵ
αＸԼĵĸ۾ĶõչʾԼʵĻ᣿Ū˻۵ġ
ûгļαǺź϶Ǹ߸˵ģ˵ųյƤ˵һҪʶ֮ġ
߿ܰȫϿԼһ˳𣿡
ȫ
ɳҮһü
ˣʱɳҮ΢Ц˻ǺǹϲԷŹɱİȫطûеδ첻Ҫ׽ȥ
ɨļαˡֱԣǵˮƽСһױǽǽ֮ǰǩȫЭɣΥЭĺλԸ
λѼαֱĹڶŵһ飬ҲǴɭֵ
ɳҮС㣬˵
ͬطвͬطĹҰһֱǻӭѵģΪʷ⣬벻Ҫûκαʩ¶ǰ
󲿷Ұ˶ֻ밲ҵͷҲҰǵճ
ȻҶŬɡϣǳ˵ءⲻǻûɹԷʲô¶пܵġ
ɳҮЦúòûһ㿪Ц˼
ΪԼǶҰǻƫʶҰǵʱҰֱӸһưˮ
װǶԡ֮⼸ʲô𣿡
ҰǾȻôΣյһطαס졣
ɳҮ߰΢ЦתǼǰߡ
Σû곤֮ǰҰǡ


69 
ΣʱҲԺȺտֱĿɿЦ⡣
ȻҪ淴, Ұǿһ㶼ûаԼװŮʿ˼
֮ĶѹҲǱûҪһ̧ڴֵ
ҰˣҪú˵ı׼, ǵ곤Ҳ淴ġ
Ұǵ˶Ťú, ϣõϿɣҲ¹ϥ͸ոպ, չʾʵӾͺˡ
ϲĻϲ, ϲ˭
ҰôôΣɳҮС㣿Ǹżſˮֵع
Ҳ֪ǲȦ˶ϲôһһէ, ɳҮЦݲ䣺, ڼǾ޺ġ
ųԱıڱˣ˼, شÿֲ
ֱĹڸʶˡ
ʲôйʲôеڼǾ޺ģ
û, ߲ڵڼкģ
ҡǲǲ̫ԣô, , ˧Ұ, ֻ
Ҳ
Ҳǡ
֮Ŀ, ǿЩӿ˶ô¡˵Ҳúܴ̼ô˵ǲǲ̫ã
ҰǵԵǲŲЩ, ǾеҰǡеĻҪˡ
еξǰȫǰɣôҰǵĵΣ룿Ұǹл뵽𣿡
¥ʲôأ
ңϻ, 
Ұǵ⼸Ī, Ұǵ粿һһ㶵ġ
ʵû뵽, Щڰȫ˶Щʲô
ǱԼĹұ̫ˡ
ģȰϱ˵
һߡ
򵼣ͺá΢ĳ¥Žڣȴһ⡣
ֻ£ɭ̨곤𣿡ͨѶͷĿɿЦеȺˣףкܶء
ɭ̨ĳΪһżȻķ֡
ʱĳ¥Ƿ˳µġŲʲôáһʼ룬ԭ糡ģǲԼҲŪԺ
ĻרҵԱ֡硢̨áֵȵȣҪרҵʿȥܼ𣿲ʵ
ţһ޸ҩºľطü¼ˡһԴ䲿棬ԭҵ˲ˣҡԱ֡
Ҫǻ޸ҩǶ֪Լ߲ô౦ء
Ծ󾫵ǺΪ·䡣Ҳ˺Щ˶ȥڲ֪ô඼Ұء
¥ˣ˵ɭֵĺϴһ¶̨ɡ
˺ҪһչĸߣҪСƷֵԱ
ؼģͨͨԼ̨
ҪκżеϡҲκƱ˾ܿ
ɣҾͲˡô˵ʵһͨѶ͹סڵĲӣʱ͵͵ȥ档
΢죬Ȼ״̬
ֲȽڻӦ𣺡ǻطȾƣȥԭô
һߣɳҮѾżαɭִƵꡣ
֤ݺÿαõԼĿƣڽҪȽЩͻüαȥԷ
ɳҮûԼʲôˣҲ׼뿪
ɳҮҪ𣿡
ɳҮŲԼСż񣬴ְҵ΢ЦģɭִƵǵĹٷƵ꣬ڲκη¼ڱšܡSQ
¼㺰ĸԱĹԱȫʽĶң㹻ʵλھƵڵİȫ
ң
αǿЩƷпɰĹԱǣôҲҵơ
ڰϷGҲǰ꣬󲿷ͣһףѾǽ˵ҡ涼ϱȴǷԱ
Ұ࣬Ҳݳްɣ
̲ססһӦʣǶң
ʣ룿
ҵ裬ȻʵΪǷ԰ԾȻ֪ʲôò
ڱǷһۣǷܴһŵƱ
ֱĻ˼ʵ
Ź̵Ӧͣ½Ųǣ¶׼İ˿ݣҲϲش͹޹ص⣬ǵģǶҡ
˵꣬Ź̾뿪ˣһӶ
ûüɳҮЦһƢĹԱ
ɳҮ㣬Ϊʲôô˵ѽ֮ǰųԱˡ
ʵɳҮȡǹС̹Ᵽۺ׶̬ż۾е㲻
ûг鵽ǸǩͿİ칫ҿ֣ӦЩˡɳҮһһαԼ
ǲǳڷԱҲԴıҰǵʱڵĿԷɴԵļ򵥹ǽЩֻΪϢҵ
ɳҮ𴽽ǣȺҰǵģΪǲ£¡
ԣҪʷԱ֮£ҲҪй֮ҪǷھƵ꣬ǡҰȨȨֲʵ֮ϣԾڴˡ
˵꣬һ֣㶵ļαڴƵꡣ
ҾҺǾ㣬˵̫ˡ
뿪֮ɳҮȺ²ۣͼ֮񶪸ˣҾҲУǡ
һܣҪ
ȺĳԱʾͬ飬ǲֵܽģǾСҲС
õģ߶͡
ԣһӰѣʮ̲衣
򵼵ĹѲɳҮɳϣһ㡣
Ǹűӣ̲衢̲衢ȡˮ֮ƷΧһġ
¿ٵİ칫֮ǰĵ¡鲿ڸԭС䣬ӵԴˮССͼݡС԰׺ͽĳ칫ҡ
Լǡȫšʵˡ
ǰ⴦˽ȥˡ
˵ͷԴϵͳߣȻ﷢Ҳ̫áҰǶҪɶˣܻǰ
һʶ롣
ɳҮͷңЩ˴֮Ͳ뷨
ÿζֺԾĿ˵ġ˵ǺֹۣܹܲĶĿĵο͡
ҲչʾԼ
Ұôãȫø˿ƳЩֵҥԡ
鲿Ļ㹤ǶڿҿҹΪҰǵĽשߣôʱ̰ĵ곤ʲô
Ǵ͵ĺһֱȵ˼ĻԭִӽɫĻԭȵıһýӵͣ㣬պȵϼ죬һ
ʱ㼣ûб鲼磬ϵǷޡ
¥ͽڲôãֻźץһֻҰտơ
ϵĹﵹǶ࣬Ҳ󣬵ƤӲóԡ
Ҳտÿζ·͵¥˵˹ͬļ䣬Ҫѽǽߵĸֵܿ
ҸطȾƣ˾͵ذߡΪǵΪ®۾ʲô롣
࣬ûоְȻȴΪ֪Ҳ֮С
˵ţȴ԰Լʲôʲô
ǵ磬ЩŮ۽УڳҲֻõơȡֵˣһίԻĻظ
ǰĳ¥֪ܶ
Ӽɽ˼䣬˶֪Ǹļһ޳
ţ¥ȻЦԭе㻳ģһ浱̵ˮڽȵĺ⵽ﶼCλĵĸиԵСǡ
ǴҲǴúȤġ
ɭ̨ںְɣ¥ΪԼѾ񻯵ͷߣȻƤ߸ڽϡ
ֻн죬Ǹ֪ζľô
֪¥ˣòᣬֻϵߣá


70 
ϼźɴ뿪Ұ, ɭֵ̨˵ơ
Զ¥ϵͶĵƹһƮ̨ϣ硣ڸɢҰ˶ˣԼϲķʽܲƺϡ
ֻѹһѹ, Щƺ˺ǵϵǿ
𣿡ɳҮŵļαҲˡ
һľƣ, Ҳ֪Щαôģû, ǹĶǶǴҡ
һ߸, ǳ˸һӡ
һٸ
ȥǺӱʹ, ôһ£Щ˶ܸաǻ˻һ¸, ƵͺȻ, ɳҮûŵΪ֪Щӡ
ɼŸҶһ, Ȼŵϡ
֮粢죬ֻ, , ڲԼɱȥ
ʵ°ʱ, ɭ̨ȴɳҮ֮ǰͳŵ, ǲþܾȻҲ˵, һΪǵΪ⣬ḺҰҲᡣ
αһ㲻֪ɳҮ, Ƕšսۡ, ʱɭ̨, ʱֱһ档
ĻǰĹȴ̫ע⵽αǵӢרſֳЩΧ̨ϯضҰˣڰյ̨ȳĸ֡
żͷ˼αڻҪƿڴ
˭Ҫǵ·תȥ
ֱĽǶװͰ͵ģЩ˿ŭԣƽ̨Ҳ缦ֱ˼Ĵid˸߲ʹĴĻš
ôۣǽǮĹâ𣿰
˺öҡ
һ֪ҵĵĻƷɹţ˵ҰǵҷɧҰ
Ұǵܻմ֡
ֻǺǸֵĳжѡ
ôŻġ
ͨ˲֪ҰǵȺ쳣ԭҰҵͨʾͺܸߣ¸ǰһ
˵ҰǵܹҰǵĹٷϢأѽиԵѵȱڣ֤ͬʱǰһ塣ûбٷձɢҼֱĽʺޡ
ҰȱľڷϼޱĵϵĸרҡƭԼ񾭲
Щͨġ˲š³ѧҰҵĲԽԽɧˣȻͨػرҲԽԽߡ
جѶȵϷһ·ƽƣԴбЩҶҰر
ط˺ǿҵΣС
£һǲˡҰЩҵ淨ǺܿҪΪɳ̲ϵǰˣɹĸס
һȺ׼ȥҰǿڴ֮ǰֱͨһɡ
ꡪ
һ̨ȳѾڻ̨ϳǴˣŻܻᳪʵһھ
ߵСϰ񰲡
ϰĸǹںͷӬײײȫڵϣһƬһӶ
Ȼϰ˭ǺԼĲơϼ¿١ҪǮһֱ壬治ɫŴµɤ׳
ΧȺڰİȫһץ񣬼ֱ̨ϻҪʡ
¥ץŽڵĸ첲ͷЦ˶ٴˣִ˲ƣ
Ӧú֡Ǵ򲻵ĸоڸֱ۱ץסо۾͸ƤߵĿ׶̨ϱĿ񰲡
˾һô֦ϣ֦ҶڵһӰ֮עⲻǣΪϽ˴ڸеķ
ǵǴμѡ𣿡¥²뵽Ƶĳǲħǹѡ
ǲһҪΪδˡ
һȺʿҪţ񻨿ȸһչʾԼǿ׳䣬ĳ¥Ⱥ￴֡û뵽һ۾Ϳˣ۵ľĶͷ
ʱ⴩ǣߡ
ȻĽǽԴϲĻ߳ΪԼȡҲջһʼȥļ¥أͿֲ๫Ļ
ԭôֵġ
ӴԺͿʼûᡣ
ãҪǮ˳ʮ˵Ĵֶӡ
ݳĶ켫һʱĸ֣ʦһֶ֧ӣһˮ׼ǰһ֪
ˣˣ
˵ΪףȺҪ¸衣
ų̛߲ʵĹ⣬̨һ˲仯ŨسʱϢҪǼսĳź
ֳڼ໽У˺һݳĹģ
¥ֹƣ֦ϵ
֪֡㡯Զǡ㡯ڻǵһʱס
¥ббؿϣ˼ǧ꣬ƺǸࡣȻкܶѹͷϣʱǻʹʹ棬ϲ㡣
һѻ𡣡
֪¥ʲôԭѾ˾̨̾һα仯ԭ̨ɺɫ״Һ壬һЩϸΣһЩ³չ
ǳܣɵҲѤǼ֮Ǽգ۾ǰ
ʱղͣãĽַת̶ӺԾԾԵǼʺһһʱյĻ֮ء
ǻǼʣ˳
ֶʱմңάȽĴΪ潻֮һĻǼʡֶ֧ӾڱõĿռ֮ȼԼ顣
ġ
Ҫˡ
֧ΪȰ齨ֶʵ̫ˣֳ߳һĮϲҰͷ˻ߵغţСΪǴ⣬̨ʻ
棡ǽ
棡
һߵɤѹˣѭȥֻһر۵Ǻ
ץһ޿ҡΣżż񰡣ţ
ץסҡεɳҮ
֮ǰôֻΪûԼı
ֳļαֱĹһ
ÿԵҰ˲׷ǣ˵ǲ׷ǣǸҿɲǡǲ׷ǣ׷ǣ켫һʱҲ䡣
Ұǧ֮ĵطΪΪ档
ڡıǰֱŵҴǶÿվǡ˵
ǼЩ˻ţˮƽ

ڼүഺֻˡ
ҡҪȥǡҰǣ˭Ҳң
˽˷ͧϣʮӺ󵽴ҰǡѾж
ǹҸոպҰǽѺ⽻ϵֱʱ֮ţӺֳ~˶һơ
ûǮûʱ֮ŵƽɵĽʵᡣ
ǹΪʲôҰǽôֶǴģ˵һֵܳǰְɣ
뽨ȥͶƱ
Ҳȥ
ź̨սĿĬãʣô죿
衣ܵﲻ붯
ҰҵС鷳˰ɣЩ۷ʱʧ˼Ķһ¾ˡЩǰαķ˿Ҳ͹ͷ
ҰҪˡ
û뵽ǽĿһѣǡʱҲҲ
ܵĨһҲάֲסı飺ˣˣ뺰ͺɡ

òԳĬ󣬺̨Ⱥ뺿
ٵĶô˧
໣û뵽֮껹ܿƵֳֻᣡݣ٣Զڸɭ֡
߰ɡܵվЩŤ˷֧Ԯͷ


71 
Ӵ, ֮ϲ
ҰǵĹҲ⣬Ϊǲ׷ǣԲ̫֮ԱĿȡ
Щʦֻ¶һ, Ȼǧ֮ĹȣƵùǷֺ֧Ұǽֱͨ
˵곤̨ʱǲǾ뵽ˣ
Ҿǣ곤һʮ϶׼ɿ°ͣѹѹ¡Щ, ̨û, Ҳû, ûôõЧˡ
治ǵ곤
ʱɭ̨ѾΧ, һЧ, һŶ, һĹ, Ѿ˻ֵĺ
̨, Ұÿ֮ɢͣ
ֱĹڿĿ񻶣֮ÿһҲƵĿ֣Ľˮ
ֱȺҲһζĹѰҰǵҡʵͦҵģһûи߶ȱУͼôָӵ, овҡ
ǵ״̬ܲ
ΪѹĹϵе㾫⣬صĴϾܿЩҰǵû⣬ǿȫͶڿ, ͷԼС
벻ȫսڴ, ûܴ㹤Ա, ѵ, ʱʱܿݳᡣ
Сӹ, ֱǲЩġ
ҰǵãǸЩɢõӷǵ;񽡿
ֻãһ׵ĳ
ܲһֱףҰ̫ˡ
ˡ
¥ӣƺкܶ߶ҲǺû
ţԭҲˡȻע⵽һˡ
Ⱥи۵Ĵڣڽ䰲̨ϼıݡĲԶЩ黶ļααȴûϳԼĶͷ˾
ܺίôûģȻЩ汾¡¥Ѿ˼ϷǵĽ𡤽ɭ
תͷߣ˫
˽¥˽ԼҲܷ㡣
𣿡¥Ц˻¶ʵиҪҪ𡤽ɭˡ
ڲ֪¥ҪһܵˣЩ¿Ѿܾá
п߽ϵĶ
ǻˣһʱս񣬶ǳ߽ĻϢؾһеģʽ
ʶҾǷ
Ҫͬģãȫû⡣ж߽ϵܻ׷ɱǧ꣬ݡ
Ҫˣ̫ԸΪԼܿƵ
ңȵߴȫʤᱻ˵ģô꣬Ϊȡ˲飬Ҫɱ
ܴӻǺӵͷŵǺӵβ
¥ôֻΪԼҲΪ˽
ҪһȥĻᡣ
˵Ҫһǵľ𣿻̲סЩ°ڵһЦ⣬ڳ¥ε˵лл
лл㡮лл׷ǰŬҴӹ¶㲻ֻǸҰǵ˴ȥ֣ҡ
̲ס֣ڴ㶵ĳ¥ͷࡣ
ͷˡ¥ڶݴ㵺Ҳ֣ѽڵͷɼѡ
ʤ
ڹĽİΧ̨ĵƹģĻĹӰУڴϵĳ¥ͽǺһ֡
ʱǰһ
¥ƵԴϣȻµľƺ𣿡
û˵ֻߡ
ĬĬһһߺžƣһ߿Ǳ߱ݣ߲Ĺϣ߲ʵĺ
ⳡݳһСʱȻѾɤɳƣֵ
άֳΰѲ߶ӿһʮ˳̨
֮ҲʼɢЯ޴ŮС飬ϸĸ߸˻ؼȥҰǵһôȥˡ
¥˸Ƿ̫ƣеˣĿϢ
˯𣿡ڸо˳¥⣬
˯˯
ᣬ֣ȾƣҲĺߡôûп˯ŹΪ
ָԼؿڣͻȻó¥ӲƬ̣ĬĬֱתͷڣҸࣿ
ʵ¥ⱻ֣ϾͨҲϸ˵˯ˣΧ˴ȥѡ
ϸһбҸѡĴڡ
¥
῿ȥͷôƣҪҪ˯һ
ǵ߿˺ܶ˯ƵĻº͵ζɢְ¥ʹꡣϰʹǸоʹ
κ˵ʧȥ˯߶һֿµĳͷҲ⡣
ůĸоţó¥˵ܾ
˳ӲٻմԸëҲΨһԺޱȥεˡ
ֻ뵱ǹӣÿһǣȴҵĹ鴦¥Ȼ˼
ֻǿ԰˯ĵطǿԻȥļҡ
𣿡ںڵ۾ǰδе档һûйȥһûδ͸ôһ
¥ҪԼһ䣬עһطȴ޾ˡ
ԺٻĸǣΪ˱Զ
ƺû˵ıҪΪ˵ˣҲıڵ뷨Ǳһˡ
ŵ㣬ƹҪš¥ۣǰδе᲻һ

𡤽ɭиˡ
ұһ
ϢؿڵλһֱԿżǳֹͣת¥ؿƿһʲôȼš
ΧĿռŤγһŽƵС
֣ķ磿߹ɢĹڣǵͷϣ¥ۿڽڵļϣ֦Ҷζ
չָһɫ͸Ϳ˶Χ
ͣˣµͷӰأʲôûС
ı澫ʰо֮ǰζʣȫû¸衣
̨ҲܰȻǻǼʣѾˣֳģֳĸա
Ұ˵˵ЦЦ볡οǣҲЦֻάΰĿ͵üѲӡ
ôˣСһɻ
֪ոһ˲оǳΣյϢ
͵ɭתȦ߹ǿøߴʲôҲû֡
û˳¥ĿƣںڰϷĻӿȣХͿ޺ĦŶĤָ׻ڰ塣ֵױХѵƬŤĿռһһ֡
ǳ¥̫ˣҪ˯һ
ȻҲǲܼš
һֻڳ¥ͷϣɫ˸磬ҲЩŰĩվ硣
̨ƹѤã໥Źꡣ
˯ɡ
ƹƹݡ
ŵˡŰΧ˰Сʱ׼ȣھŵ㿪Żӡ
ʱ곤ѾȴûпӰȥϢҲûлء
ǲǳʲôˣ֮ǰ㲻Ҳǰ˵һ
ӦòɣڵϵСԲҧɣ۾ҲƵƵŹ̨Сš
֣곤ǲʱ˰
˻˭Ȼܵһ˿ϢСԲ˶ս״̬һ˫Բèĳ
ŰһЩؿôˣ
һĽһѷ죬һֵѷ죬ͺĿռ䱻˺ˡ
СԲļƤϴܣֱӴӹ̨ѾźС͵
ŰǿŵոȾŵèһ
ǶǿԽ˺ԽĿռ䣬϶ֲĻ棬亹Ϻ󱳡
ûκռֱӱ˺һ飬ɫŨصɷҪצشͷһֻ԰׵ȴȳ
ѳĿռֱ鿪һŹŵ䳤ۣﱧһ˵ġڵ곤
СԲȫӲ·ǧֵĶѹţáɴ۾šڵ곤ֻ¶һˡ
곤


72 
ŰСԲһϳ͵곤һģ, Ǻڷȫͬ˸ǵ곤л˯˲ǵ곤
һԵ곤ʲô
СԲ۾˲Ѫ˿ǱѹƵ޷ϱĳ
һϢֲ̫ˣɱĹﶼûôŨصɱ, , ҲҪѵ곤
Ƴڶ΢͵ŽڵĶͷ, Щ⣺ͨ˹վҪ߾ȫСŮȴܶй
ŶСԲͬŵİŰ, ֿѾ˺ܶƿ͵Ĵš˲֪淢ʲô, ǻžƹݿš
գ۾͵ǰķ綼ǡ
žһָССڵʱ俪ʼ˵ĵ˲˻ȥ, Ĵڷϡ
š˯ŵĳ¥üͷڱƣøһ㡣СԲʱԲè, ķܶ
ų¥ӿռпҲƵĺ͵ĩվ󡣲һ罫Ǹ뿪, Ծƹݺ͸, ᱻȥ
¥, ҴȥϢƹݾͽиˡڵͷк, ֮˾ֱȥ˶¥
µİŰСԲ
ڵϢһʧŰһվڵϣǡϰֵ𣿡ÿֲϢһ۶ľ, ʱ䵹Ī⡣Ȼϸ, ȴź͵곤Ƶ
ӦǰɣСԲĵ, ͬӲ
ʱУԼ˸廷ƵıֹţŬԼ侲
ô죿Űʣ𣿡
СԲִסˣʶˣңҲᣬǰŰɡ
СŰߣ־ӰСŮ㵹ƣͲˣôˡ
ŵ㣬ƹݵĴſˣ곤ȴڣд˵ǰŰŮ
곤˯Ű˵
곤ܺú˶پư˲곤þƵˮȵľƹǺġ
ʱΪαװ޷ľɳҲҵΪҳϿŵԭ
ʵϵʮˣֻȫ꣬尢̱ġ˾Լžžžƣһ˲³ûЩ߿ɺޡ
αװһο͵˳Լĵص߶۲ܡ
Ұǵ˲ϲ˹ע㣬ǻǺϣԸһƢ
ǵģ˳ԼĵصڻǺϵĳ̳˶࣬˾ۼǾһƬҶҶ
ԣαװ½½ǺӱܲżȻͶһۣ˳ûзϡ
˲ҩʱǺģҲܴﵽˮƽߡ

һֱܵ
⼸
˻ǳΪ̬ȹ˸оࣺܶҲȫĹεļһ
ԼܻЩˣΪǽĹѨġڴǸҪЯĶǺݺġ
ЦţֻҪҰǣеͨѶᱻǸ˼⵽ֻίһˡ
ӦõӦõģǵĳǶ˵
֪ЩӹöôѡȻ¡
˳ɵúۣûϵһˣһһеġ
⼸˾վһ̳ǣľšΧȥȥû˿ע
һȺ˺ܹȥ̳úܰһŶǳˣܲĶھʮ׵ĵط
˳һʱĶۺɫĳѣ֪ҲòãҸǴЩ
һװɣǸ׼һЩͬһʱ䣬ļҲͳ˶һرǹ
⵽ǹ˳İȫǷ
⵽ΣտܼѡõΣﾯҲ
˿ǣҲˣƺϴŶĸֻԹԳŸ衣
˲ǣ
ǾȻң˱ʹЩɫѣһ͵ط㿪һŷ
ôˣ㲻ҲǣǸɢܿͻȻķɫͬʱ˳ӵӵڰԶչ˳
˵ʲôӹüѡоѵ˳˿ȮҰó͵ɽǹһż˳壬ˣˣ
סӣıֲﱻյļֱӳ˳˹ȥ
ˣжǸ졣
˳ҽһϱѪۣҲˣ¶ڿ㡣
ɫšһɣ׼˳ƨɷаĦ
˳ɳܵʹ
ǹĻұĶõĿܳ档
ŭֵɫ٣ƨɰˣǹꡣ
̽ԴĵͣͷҹȺװôѲ߶ӣðԴֵĺ񡭡вƺϱ۾߸ˡ
ĻǺϿְ
ŵµĶĬ˺ܾá
֪²࣬û뵽ô²ࡣ
ˣҲֻһơţԼñתߡǳǳĻˮż߽ȴʬ壬һ
ɱˣδ
صסӣֻﻹǼǰģ곤ֵµҰǱ仯ʵ̫ƺÿ춼ڸ¡
ɳϰ˼ţûпƣЩ
ϲֶһ˵ĸоȻ֪ǡ
˰Kʱ򶼻ʮƽ⣬Ӧ˵󲿷ʱΪ˷ڵȫܹܼҡֱ´
޸ҩѾУȫҲʱ⣬ЩֵĴ࣬Һڵ˼
·Ҫ֮ǰ׽ѹ
Ǳ߻붪Է䵽ߵҲǡӡ̽͡
֪Լһֱڸ˿ϣֻǰ·ãԽδҲһȥ
ΪĿĸ̫࣬ǴģôǰһֱΪһĿƴ
ڰϷĳָıУϣҹҲķɳ棬ԭصìܼƵýѡ
Ǽ߹·ߣǷһ
ڰн΢΢ʱ̼״Ļ˲δκ
һǵˣΨһĿľΪ˱Ļ֡
Ϊˡ
˿̸ҲΪˡ
ΪĿģ˵ĽϣˣҲʱ
ˡ͵Ҳû뵽˶ӳȥˣȻܻͶҵĸõݽ޲ðѵ곤ڹһݹǡ
ʸʴǣôױʴ𣿡˲ʵİ尢֣תͷͶŸЦˣץסӷݽǲǻһ
͵£
ݽİ尢̵Լȥˣͽ˳һܿŭ
ô˵ץ˶Ǻ£ǷͨʱҪ貹һ£确ǰˣͼҰҡ
ҰԺҲˣܺǰһҪ
ͦϰߡ
֮ҰﵽвúõĽ˳ָʲô
ʲô˳ûǱݺˣ
ҥԣҥֹߡ


73 
˱ץ, ܵĵطһЩҪɱҰǰٷϴ, ǲԸ¶ˡһЩ˵, Ҳвá
ܵǰǡáǾĽ𡤽ɭΪִͷ
ˣɱ˰ɡ
Ұһ, Ҫɳ鷳²ǵ곤, 
˵ɴ۾, պ, Ҳεıɣϡ
ôңϿˣûиĸûӶŮ, Ψһںֻ, ȴƫҪƻ
ע䣬ڴ, ֮Ȼʱ߱ĸʱҲڴ, ޷ܾĽ١
ͻȻҩͷһŷŮ˵컨˵ķŭв־壬ֺͽŶ鴤ţ۾Ѫ˿ֵʧ

͸˳ȥ
Ȼǰ¡Ǻܾúܾǰ, ǶС
ʱ׵ű׷, ɭ, ǼҰǱܣƹ޴Ĳкƹ棬׷պϦһֱ׷ſڡ
ɫֻ̫һߣѾû߾ͷ
ǼӭŹվ޴еСС糾
ԺҲΪĸ˲ĳһҰǱһĳУű飬̫֡
һ㡣ͷϸոճһҶѿ˵
Ҳǡɭ֣˵ֽһϰ¡ɫϹճɫıߣʮá
۾ʧȥ˺Ҳٶֻм⻹ִس鴤£
ǵĳлһĳСժñ񡣲ΪˣΪҰǰļлĻ
ͷŨѾ֦Ҷˡ
˵¼ˣϢδκˡûһ⣬Ƕ۽ⳡֵݳᡣ
û֪ͨ곤һˣ˶ܴ͵곤εĳʣСȺ֮ӡ
Щõģ곤մЩ۵㡣
Щ⣬ļУҰǵЩǲôˡԼļ֣ҲԸŹ֡
Ȼܺ͵ʱҰڲȺйϵ
еҰǣûгֳ¥кһӦĳ
ֻܿţȴ֡ϣ
¥˯ţܷŲƣҪıꡣγһֻֻĹҪƽÿζ赭дѹ¡
ڵͷ˯ģؿƿһɫȼգֲֻֿע⵽¥˫ֽСǹɡ
̲סȥָķ˿΢Ĵָⷢ顣
̰ĺ
֪ǲΡ
ڽڵˣͬĹȥһᣬ¥µľƹݣҰǣ磬ûйϵ
ߣƷ˾Ƶ㣬͵ֵ
ֻʱоԼǻŵģʬ⡣
һ£˫ҲСϡצΧǣڿ˻һִֻڳ¥ϣ΢Цűۡ
һ¥˯ҹ˯ľƿͺ͹ǶҪ¥
ҪСԲͰŰţôˡ
곤ڵҰش֧̫꣬
ôţ¥һûΪҰ˵ĹĶжֻЩ˻ǹ̫٣̫١
ôУҪ뿪ġ
̾ǷӲ׶԰ĸס
ȡڲȣؿڲƺһе㲻̫ϰָоֻһֱ̡
ҾЦҡ¥Դ̽ģ裿
ڵˣ¥¥ȷó¥ĸף׾ſɰ
ͬȴôɰ
ʱ˶ڴϣɵĸŵЩҵ¥Ǵʪﳤѿֲ
˯һȻѹɵһ飬͸ˬ
⿪ϵŵĵطɫĲϻ¼һĺ¶ڹ£ϸϸĺ糿¶
ֹɫĲϻڴϣɫļɫţڰڡ
ţ¥عͷӦֵһƺǵȴڻ
ֻнڡ
ôˣʣ鲼ĳ¥ۻ飬ûһġ
̫ˣ
¥ûж룬ٻִ·кŽҲһ
ڻװӲĲϽε޳ͦΣԱߴŰ׳ţпഺĳ¥γԶԱȡ
»жʮȣ𣿡¥һȦ̲סڿ۵ʵʵӣŶ
ڿžԼͳ¥һģһһĸ߰ݣʻǳµĻԼȴǸɿݽڵĻ
ҿԱ𣿡۾īڵɫ˰ĵҹա
¥ָ˹գԭԼǰŸʱӵġ
޷ܾ
˻ǲǽˣ
꣬Ǳ֮ǰ䡣ʵҲˣ＾
ûôйɣǵʱ轵ģһܶˡ
֨ѽ
ƹݵſˣſڰ̯İ´ͨԭģһ̧ۿƹ߳
ˣŵǶ
ꡢ곤
ʲô£ǻþıΪʲôһ׵곤һڵ곤
׵곤ԭģſɵװϴǳǳЦãҲ̲סá
ڵ곤ȫȻͬװԳ޳һ˪ֱӡ
Ϻá׵곤Ǵкǲۡ
ڵ곤ǣһѵһɨӾŵվվȴġ
硢Ϻá
ϵǣȻѾָģ
ҰǺҰǵ˶Գ¥ģԽҲǡڱ䣬̾Ϣ˳¥¥ס
ǸˣϴſϢ˵պȴͻȻûôˡ
˫۾һʼĵ곤Įʵȴᡣ
Ǻ񰡡
´ںһ㣬ܴˡСʣ곤λǡֵ𣿡
š¥ͷ֪η壬һ
¥ֿ´ߵͨǶָˣ
ͨԼֱۣͷ
٣ǵģͨںѧء´ҲɵЦţϲӲƤһƬƬˣļ
Ҳȥ¥ʡ
ͨҡҡͷҰǾҵļҡҾãе곤ţԺһõġ
ÿһҰ˶ôġ
곤˵ˣ¥鲻´̲ס̤һڵ곤ɨ´ŵô˸á
ŵ곤棬´ﻹ׳ӣ˶ٰ
Ϻȵϣʮѡ
ʮ´۾ֱˣǺþҲСʮأˮȲôࡣ
ѧң¥ļ磬ȻŽˡ
û뵽곤ô׵ֵܡֱԶ´µؿڣҸҿ϶Ǹɱ񡣡
ҵôãͨвͬᡣ
Ұˡ
ӾƹݵȺɽ£¿ٵİ칫̶̼ӵ·̳¥ʮӣ·ÿһ˶ȵؿϤĻ׷ʡ
ǵ곤˫ֵ̥𣿡
Ϊֵط̫ˣ
ô˵Ҳûͦ˵ġ
곤ĸĸǰīˮ˵곤ֳֵ곤īˮͲ𣿡Ǻӱߴ·˿Ц
¥ЦŻӦЩ٩
һֱû˵룬ģҰõˡ
ȵ¥߽רİ칫ңҰǶ֪һ˫ֵ̥ܵˡ
곤Ȼץӷε˫̥£ǺְҵµΪ׼Ȳ裬ҽѹĴ
¥̵칫ϣȲ裬
һԱߵ飬ڶһϵľ񣬲̫ЩĹ
Ȼʲôģʺɢˣһ
ĹҪߵ鲢ࡣ
ҪҰǡ˳ģõ¥ŲͰ˻ȥ
ųҰǶĹԽԽܱ࣬ЩҪ̲ҰǵĹҲˣֻǲƣڳСԴͨ¡
ҰǵķգжԴܵЩǶó
ЩҰԸϰˣûرܱ߹ҵġҰǺͼҽϵʱֱأҰǲǵǸĹµ
ļ󣬵ļĳҰǹǰȥʲι۵ӡ
ǿ˹ڹҡһĴŸŲұƿߣͨӦŵӰӡ
ҪҰǵʱżҰҪŵĻףǺǹӮ
¥ϻ˼ǺţΪδһʱҪ
źĹԽԽ࣬ҪݷõĹҲԽԽ࣬˭ΪȥȽϺʡ
¥һĹ߶ȥ
Ұǻ̫Сˣٺõ˲ţҲСȦɵˣǵóߣ֮󡣡


74 
һ֮ǰ֮, ƽѺõеӡ
ӦҪҰǽУ໥ֱͨʱ֮, ޽õȻһһ롣
֮ǰЩ˻ҰĨһ, Ұǿһݳ, Ͱǹҵڲˡ
Ҳȫ׷ǡҲȫ׷ǡ
ǸѾαǱǩߵģ˵ԺյٱɳҮЦݽӲһοɱˡ
ڡ򵼡İŵճ̣Ƕһ˫Ӯοܵõȫ֤, ҰҲһӰ
ѡ̫ѡҪǿҪԸãҪ, ҪܿԼοֵġ
һ, ôס
ƵԼ򵼵ƶȡǴϿڼϣ۲ˮҲûҧȥ
һ뻹е̼
¥, ھôƶȣǾǸµĿɿɵ顣ߵĹôߣɲǺõġ
ɳ, Ų迴¥칫, ر棬ػǰ˲衢ϹĵǶûз߰ע
Ҿֵܿ϶Сͷֿ, ôż档Ȼܳղ, , ƫһġ
곤ֵǰ϶رΣյĵطɱء᲻ڻǼĵط
ֻ߱ЩǷ֯ѵɱ
ôѾԲʮ͹
Ұǣǿ԰ˡ
˶ͷǣֻһĿ˿ÿ춼ӵĵ׷ʣҰܰȫ
ʵϵ۲żңҶ֪곤̫ҲԽ޼ɵϲԼʵĸλ߶̲סСۡ
ӵ곤ʱʱóԶĿƼ￴곤ǰһǻߵȼġֵҲڸ߼ĿԼߡ
˰곤ֵܶǡ
֮ߵȼѧһ£ⶼǷǳ
ڻǼзȨ
ʹ׷ɱ࣬ڻǼʵྭӪһ˲仯ΪУʮŬһ
ûзҰǶϢķػǼʣٴοʼǼ֮С
֮ǰľµڻǼǾٲά衣żӵõһϢѾףЩѵõĸ߿Ƽ
곤ֵܵĹȥһһ׳ðˬġ롣
۵ĳ¥˺üαӣһرࡣٺǰݳࡣ
ܿǾû˼ˣΪҰѾͨѡϢܿҳ
ǳ¥һ񡪡Ұͨѡ˾ͻ˹졣
Ұе߾ͷ
ȥģΪ⼸ǿڣ߸õġ
Ұ˶ԸʵˣҰǱʳǶڵĵһ˽ʸ񣬵ʵ˵¥ûʲôĸо
ҰƾʲôܺϷΪ꣬ûӢ۵Ĵٲӡ
ϷȻġ
ᣬҪǽˣ˲ǴǴش
ǰߵĴǿҰǵǱߵĴҪԴΪҪЮҰó棬ܱЩġ
ȻܱߵĹѾвȣϾҰǸԱǶҵĳСҪԴƳеķҲ̫ɹҰǵʱֱӸճзʽ
ڣҰǻܱߵĹһӣǻ̷֮ǰĴ㣬ûعʺͺ
¥һҡҡͷһӷԼŰ졣
Ҳûϰ996ĳ¥һӶڰ칫ҶץסһԺȲĽڵĸ첲ȥȥڼȾóˣ֪Ķаѡǡ꣬ɽӦҵپӡ
̧֣Ըߵġ
ҵ̽ͷԶ
ĵ곤ƺá
ԴתǶ൨죬Ȼááݵ곤
Լֵܣܸе㲻һ
ֵܸһܺá
¥һ䣬ʹȥˣܡͨѡϢҰעĹ౬ըЧ
ѹһѹҰǵܱ߹һǾȻַӱڣصͬʱҪϣͨޡ
ǰҪ˵ʱ֮ԱǣڵͨޡˣҰ˺޲־һƶϴЦЩҵıɫ硣
ɲôЦеõĶвĹꣿǹӮ
ȾǽǸճǰǨҲãҵҲգ֮ٴ
Ҫʵ²֣ԻǮǵŶӡ
ǳĴ޶ȵġ
ҰǹظǸҵĴƲƲ죺ǳ˲һ겻͸ƨҰǾûˣָۣ߷ʵĵôܽ
⻰˵˵͸ڡɱ
ǰǸôҰǣΪҰǵֻԱǾҳһֻȳ˵ҰоҰҲϡ
Ұһ֧װȫľӣһ֧ŷɥĻ׶飬пµĸȺ塣˵ǲΣĿͳҶлǡ
ԼִƢһתҰǵ罻ϣ̱ƽͰףҳŵ
ڲҵƬ
˵ɱ̫
˵ҰǱߺЩ豸ˣ˸Ǯ󷽵ĳǰЩˡ
ޣ󻧡
⽻ѾиʴŶӣҰǵҲͷľֻҪ˾ͺá
ҰǺϷˣҪμᡣ
ǵ곤Ϊ֮ϲҲڴһϢ
ڳȥǺϷˣǵһ뵽ľҪ֪Ұ󣬵Ұǵľȥǡ޹ĺڻﶼһܴӡ
һҰĬĬᣬһΣⱲӲ׻
¥ġȻҰǰٶź
ʲôʱ죿ЩŵʡȻ󲿷˶ֻ֪һһʲôأ
ԽҪԽѷƽ̬Ұ
ƣֻûʧ̬г
粿˳üôתһҰ˵עʱ򣬵곤Ϣٴγˢѡÿε곤ôǡô
һ׼
治ǵ곤
ܷߡҰͨ롯ȶȵȻͬ죬ٿ϶Ұ˵ϢϢء
˿ԭ곤ɽȺʹֻܵĹߣԼȾڲƻǰɽɼҰˡҰҰ
ȡκηá
ʵɽȺҰѾһˣǵ곤˵øʱӦһһֱǷ״̬
Զɣֻп˲ܿһƬƬɽȻǽȥȥǽԼת
ӦȻ⣬㣬ùһ²ܼôһƬɽȺӦӦ
Ұʵ̫ûпһɽɽɽ׳㲻ȥǻϰÿһһԴȻʿ
ڱ̰Իǿдȥ¡ܣ϶ܡ
ĥţ곤ôһƬɽ϶ܶ࣬Ա߲һ羰Ѿܺˡ
Ǿʲô뷨Ҳ򲻹곤
򲻹ܻҪɣòʧ
ԼɽȺÿˮҲûзȥսȨÿȥڿٶͷһС¸жĿˮ
ڣ곤ȻҪɽȺˣ
֪Ϣ˶ƴɽȺ壺ɽɭ֡
ЩˣӵϢҽƶҲʻСͷˣǵڿѲߣ̽ǲ鿴ɽߵ״Ҫʱʱ˴ɽȺơ
ԭʼɽȺ˵ֻǱ⣬Σصսüޣϸκһֶóɽվ
ΪʲôͻȻţ־ϲڱͷϵĲʵС
ǲΪ¹꣬Ģðͷˣ곤ǲĢĺʱڣ
ܣôӴֿⶼС
˼룬곤ͨ𣿡
Ұųˡ¹꣬Ģðͷˣ곤ҪĢȷѡһ϶곤صؿɽȺһشԶ⡣
ǲΪչʾµĸ߿ƼϾʹҪ졣
룬곤Ǻӣչʾʲôչʾʱ޻̳չʾ˿ռչΰ϶кö
ԭˣ
곤ǸհԶ


75 
ҲڸհԶĳ¥Ѿȥɽ, ĽϲźͿ֦ҶԶоС͵͵̽ͷ
ű¨֦ļªȣͷϻôƬҶӱһñô鷳, 䵽ͷϵĲҶһ˲仯ĳ, Ȼ󱻷ߡ
Ƭɽǧ˹ˣֵľǷǳԭʼɽòȻҲͲڵ·ַǳ˹Ķ
ʹ÷ĳ¥쳣ǱŵɽѾմ˲ٲҶӡûаæ, ֲŻó¥ˡ
ɵҰҲòȥǶɽǻ, ŬѰҿ·
곤Ҫʵ̫࣬ܶû֮, ƻֲɱΨһľͽɽ, ҩС֮ĶҰˣɼҰĢ
δ̤ɽִǡԳ治, Ǹվһõ˳Ьܡ
鷳ǣҰ޶, ǻѡɱΪʵͷɱɱ֮ʬ岻ǡ
Щû, עС, ڶõһԼС
ⲻ赲Щ˵顣
ʵ˵, Щ˴ӳڣûʵиܹҰɼĿ֡곤ǣչܶطĢðͷǲĢĺʱڡ
ĢɭĢ綼ǼȻʳģοҰǡ
Ҫɽܱڳˮá
һΪ곤ɽȺЩءЩԭʼòɽֶǺȺŬɽĿɿɴŴ뿪װһˡ
ö϶ҪԼáͬĽŮʿŴֲڵƤһעⲻȥһ߻Ҫֱϵķɳ档ͷĺͷŸ߲ɽ
̨ҽƲĹҲҰǹٷҽԺԺԷǷ죬ҽ߳ɳﷸͨ׷ɱ
곤ӵ³ǵһ¥ڳԼý첻ýΥͰ˶˸޺õҽԺ
ÿ찲ϰԺܶĽԼоΣͽ̡һ곤ɽȺҽڳˡ
˵ɽźܶ綾ֲоо
оûˡ
û뵽ҲϲȻһΪǸ񡣡ɿɶͬ˵
곤ǣرģֻܸʱ䣿ҪǴ򲻹ܲ·ˡ
곤Ǹ̬
ҽƲڳɿ۾Ц
⼸˲ͬ£ǵ곤ӸǸڳģԸ̫ãרҵܲ
ֻҪܸɻˣ˵ͬ¶ʲôˡûϵҲǺˡ
վСճΪ̾Լϰһõķɾ籾ΪʲôŻˢͬµĺ

ᱻġ
ҽ˭֪ͨԼСѾüˣ϶ҵʲôϷɿץסһС£ȻоԱߵҶЩԣ϶ѵĿ֦͹㣬һɫԲͷСĢǰ
Ģɿ۾ˡ
죬ɽ͸ˣɽϵĢ˺ֻܶ࣬ҪģϣݴԶ﷢ǵĺۼ
¥ͷֻӰأӰϵľϲ
ҰǵǵһβĢɣǸ˵þӡ
ֻǶǺӡڿ͹۵˵ͬʱѳ¥ʪĳƵȥ˿һ꣬¥ûҰ׬ʲôԼȥˡ
¥˸£ڵָ̫ˣоԼһ¡
ڿ̼üͻȻһ
¥裬֪Լϲ׽˶硣ԶԱ˶磬˲ԣҲС
ڳŵֻǸӡ
ڽͷٴªġñ
β˦˦ȥȥˡ
ϲ壬ʮͣк֮䣬޺ʵÿʱ򣬻ãԲһ鰮͡
ۣתָŲݴԣж
ԭһ޵ĺ칽
ں칽ĲԶǷһù߹հĹСԲ档¥ȥժһԡ
ܳԵŤŤ˵ĹԱǸе㷢̵Ĺʵ
ڻǳԹʱ򣬾˪Ĺ𡣵¥ԣһڣɬ
ŹûĹż̹ϧڲ̹ĹڣҪԵ̹õȵ¡
ͽҽƲķ
ʲôˣ¥绰ȥ
˱ҧˣע˽ⶾ֮Ѿת
ҽƲЧʺܸߣλʿһֱڰһժĢû£¥ˡ
˼ѰĢ¥֮ǰ˼ϳѨǳȾļڡܿҵ˵һϳѨ淢һСƬûпɡļȾ
ҪСһ㣬ϳ©ˮϾͻҡ
ȾǰֲҰûаϣûмȾ
ۡСǲڳļȾӤֱô֣ûгҧۼ˵ըͼȺãҼã
ھöãֻһ⣺
¥
ǶϲˣϲմǣȻǳն
ɡڿüۣһʱ嶯
Ҫ¥˻Ҫ
á
û߹ɽֺãôľӣضǣ𡣡ɡĲҪг۵ĲҪ̫СĲҪ̫ҲҪ
Ҳһ
ڲţһֳֶ֯һõĿ⵹ó¥Լǵʱ򣬾˼ɽУѧ𣬰ϼӡ
ĸˣҪҪһǣ
ɽȺԽԽ࣬һֱʮɽȺͻȻ
һܽһ𣿡˰̾ǴһĲƱǻߣ˳ȥʱԼˡ
һȥ˻ͷָЦʮֵ⣬㻹ϻ
ЦˣҿЩҰˣЩҰݡ
Ц˽סһ֪
ҰҰݶҲǳԵһֱĳϸķۣ֪ʲôҰҰݣ
֪ĢСӣСӣкܶɫۼ⣬ڿ֦ҵһɫģ滹һȦɫƵСÿ
ǾĢɡͬҲ
ϵ磬ɽµĶԽԽǶɽϵ˼˱ҽƲߵģһֱû
״Ĳ֪ʲôĿƼһһۣУ˵ʮˣһС
ͺͷһΪʲôô飿˺ܾõҰҪˡ
˾£ϲѡɽµ̲סˣȶźصţһȦȦοЩ˶ˡ
ǳתʱ򣬲ȴֻܿде̣дһˮֲķҷ
ļڣĵطվ;ˬˣοǻڼȡлϵĿ֡
£ҽʹɽˡ
ǲɽóһ¨Ⱦĳ¥ɵɽˡ·ҲٱľӣʲôɨѾͷ칽ţξϡе׶ҵ䡣
ЩʶģʶһŲɣǴĶϵУٷ֮ʮжġ˵ǲ¸ʾ
Ұ
á
Ҽ
š
ʣµըͼȡ
ڿȥĳβָӦ¥Ȼܵ˴һԼĺôԼ붯ԣͽһԼ
Ҳû̫֣ΪҲǵãԼֱ˳˶٣Ҫӱķ油ˡ
곤
곤Щʲô
ɽһȺ˶ı¨¥Ͱѱ¨Բ̫ǵĽڻȻͷţΧʲô
곤Щһ̫ˣȥͲˡ
ǣԼ⣬
öĢ
ɽŶ˴һԹ쳤뿴곤ʲôͷҲŲɡ
ŶŶܸʲôأʮĽɽȻôˣû˾ôճյ˰죿
Ŀʱĵ㵽˵㣬ϰ˵㣬ԸԸⶼģǻɡ
¥ʲôǣɼĶһҪʳƷ̽ܳԡĢжĶ޶ҲҪ֮ܳԡ֮ǰϵһҽԺԷһ
ȥҽԺԣǿЦ
ҲС¥˵
ضĵ곤ֵԶˣҰ˻̲סſֱǵӰʧ
곤ܺðһֱЦ
ôĢء
ܶ༸𣿡
ˡ


76 
ϰ˵, Ȼɽϵ˶ɨ˳һ£ﻹʲôҰҰݡ
ɽµ˱˵˵곤ԡ
ϻкܶжҽԺ, Ҫô߲ʵС裬ҪôǸʹֹڽҽԺյ곤ġԤ桯ʱ׼أԽоա
Ҫ˵ʲô鷳, šˡ
̫ó, ôôóԣȻڲϻҰ, 
ҽˣϴθ˻أ
ȻҲ̲ס, ҰӾôóԣж˶
ŮСԲΧ̨ת, ոճ˼Ƭûļ࣬˻þǿŮűЯǸԼһ, ոպã̲סִӹ͵ˡ
û죬곤˵ҪʮӡŰŲ֡
ﻹһľ, ¥᲻áԼۣ֮ǰ˵õĴ󲿷ֹ˰Ű
̫ˡ
ڻľӰο
ǸоƬϰ𣿡Űʲô, ǸоƬ֪ʲôʱ, ŰֱҪϰġ
ûЯʲôСԲæת
˸ˡСԲͷȴȫڹʲôʱźðʮӵ𣿺㡭ҪӰʵе㶾Ҳûʲô
ŵ, ƹ׼ʱţʧĵ곤ֳ, Ǹж˫Ŀᡣһ߽ƹݾᵽʲôرζ, ر, ѹˮ㡣
ʲôζ㣬ر㡣
ĢһʳָŲ˵
ƹƳʱʳҰָ֣ʲôࡢ칽ͷ곤ɵʲôʲô
أζ̫رˣκ϶޷ģĸ
ʳһγԵҰӵζԭǡʡ
곤ɵľޣóĸ٣һҲʮ̣һ̾ڽһλİĿϡ
˳ڣȴüͷѹޡ
һƬ
ǾӣʺľƬ󳴹ȻиַḻζŸʤĿڸСһڳҰļζˡ
Ұʵ̫óˣ٣ֵһζûֵŲᣬ¾һҪȥɽٲƹݵʱ缸ӣ곤
ԺܳԵ𣿡
£ӵļھ͹ȥˡ죬ɽϻʳģŴİҰݮɫ޻
¥¾ƺһһʳǿˮҪ
ЩʳĵʳģƵʳġ֮ǰ˵ĺӾƾƵġջļڣҲʳḻļڡ
ƿ͵ĿˮҲ
ϧˣôóԵĢܳһ¡ʳ̾Ϣ
¥ľƺһȵľƣ
߻ɨλáǸһεĿѾ˾ӣǵĿڿײ
¥΢΢һЦҪúϧʲôھͳʲôʳʱˣյһꡣ
ŶˣûߣѾǵúܳףԳ¥Ҳ˻Ӧ
ߵĻ˵ǻˣȻЩ¼ȴõ곤仰ǶԽ˵ĶһȺ̾ʱ˵Ŀ˵ġ
ѳĢʼȾơ
ƽʱǲҾƵģþƾ˵ľʧȥ侲ԼҪⱭƣֻ϶һη
곤ѾǸоƬ˰ɣ
ԾĻΪשƺöصˡھƹݿ֮ǰǸƹҡ
ðˡ
곤Ƶ죬ǽĥ졣
֪ߺ޽չǾǷйؽһͽΣַܵܵƵ
ܱܵв¶ġ
֪Լ̽ĽΣԵ곤͵곤һ֪˽µΪ֪
۽оһʱ쳣ᶨ
һֱʮһ㣬ƿɢˣûߡ˼ֲ֣İο͹곤Ƕǻᱻܾġ
һֱŹǸҲûгʲôˡ
¥ڽǰһ裬亹乡
ǾƹݣҲǾƹݡ곤²豭һ˲䣬Ӱ󣬿ռǴ򿪵Ļչ̧۾ܿʱգ·ǲھƹݣʱͿռĽϡ
ʵĵûƹݱͣʱյĽڵϣԵ곤ʱضܴܡ
ڵ곤һΪ˵ĴҪ룬ô¥˵ţȥ˵˰ɡ
곤𣿡ĴѾԽ˽֪ѪͳͳߣҲûƸֶΡ
ҵĸǣ˵أ
¥ΪԼ裺Ҳ֪ʵͼ֪ĴΪڡûˡ
ָһ£в豭ûнһˮ
֪곤ʲôѾ뿪֪ԼǱ߱ȻҪѣĿҲΪˣǿżɽֱʡ
ʲôмֵģ¥׻ظ
ɫأǵ곤ĵһ顣
ڽԼһֱźȷ֪֪ԼԴж١Ե곤ĻֻתһȦ֪곤ָʲô
ų¥һһ٣Ķ곤ῴϣֻҺϵ곤Ҫ
֪Ҫʲô𣿡¥ʡ
ЦŵģȴоѹԽԽÿһϸֳܵأ޷ڡ
ܺѲ
ϵôãȻǿסѹˣ˼֮󣬽ǽؿˣ곤Ҫ֣ڲ
˵ˣҪܽļ
ûбȽʵģȻڲҲչ˺ܶ࡮˼顯ɹĵֵ۹ƿһƬصۣоͺܶк
¥Ų裬ɫĲˮŵеĸʵɹɹǾ·ûӶûˡûҲһҪĶ
ô᲻ԼĴ
Щ˰ȫԼ·
رĴзʽǲ壬ӴԴĶǱߵ֣û̫塣
¥һ仰ýûԹ˵˵һмû㱾Ҫ
ұˣһ㶡
ǱϢؿƵ壬Ѳ⣬ϢؾܿƵġô꣬ЩѹǵײˣǸ𣿡
¥ЦЦ༸š˻һš
ϣƽȣ£׼Ҷˣ˾߹¥ֱ°ͣĿ棬ý޷ܣҲܡ
һոѿһҲȲˣһ־ѡ˻ΪǸϵһҩ
ɣų¥һĽš
ϵҩԴӸϵȻĶ
ҩ


77 
飡
ֱֱ, ɫδѿһ죬©ƹ⣬ɳҪʲô
ʲôԡ
Ѿصĵ곤Ͽ⡣
ҩɢȥ, Ϊϵֲ, ЩҶ, һĿƼˮƽ, ǲ鲻֮, Ҫκ£֮ǰô, ֮ô
¥ָĦŲ豭, ȴĻظ
Ϊʹ, ʶһֻһ, Ϊͨ, ν࣬ۿС
ʶĴڣ
ֻ
á˼ѵ񣬽ȴû˿ԥ
һֵĴ𸴣ζԻĽ䶨¥վǰ, ǵýΪסӦվʱͿڣţֻж㡣
̫࣬ϰ߱ĽӲ, ŬѹƱܵͿ, Ȼ, о۾ʲô
̲סգ۾ǰֵĻþһķĿռǰص
ǣ
¥Ѿ˻ȥٴθԼ裺ŵĴС
ûдֵľϲ߾ŵл񣺡У
ꡣ¥Ȳ裬赭дԵĵʲôܵвһ̸
Žȵӣ¥ЦЦ֣Ҳ̫·񣬲ˣҲˡ
£ҽиˡ
Ҫɣν겻ģǼؼʱ̻֤õġ
곤Ŀ̹۲ɡ
Ǹ߸ϵαͬˡС֡
ǰ˹ϵ˵һ̣ǰѽͬһսĻ顣˵Σգ
֮Σ˭Ҳܱ֤Ҫ
ⲻֻǿأһΡ
¾սֱĽһ˲ٸнǸˣ׶˿̷·ҰȺô򽻵ĹΪʲôͬ³
ܱ˵ˣ˭Ҳ뵱
ˡ
ţ
Ҫ㽻ȥǼʲҵɡĸ֮ǰһʱ䣬㲻ðͨϻҵ֡¥
곤
ú޼ֵ¥΢ҡͷҪͷ­ر߻ҲǲС
ѵ¶Цʱʱ̿αװЦȻ¶
Цݳޡ
֮ϸڲ˼ӣ¥˵ˡһҪһ¡
ʲôҲ
˳ᢵһУƺһֱڱλãеûȫС
Ľ죬ԾӰɣȾơ
˵¥豭ϣ򿪵ĲĿռһ˲绨£ҲָһʼģְҪԻ곤ģ
ңʲô£¥ʣ·֮ǰһжǻþһֱ
۽ɨӱָʾŹ롣
ôãȻŹ룿
ԼĺҲǸò׵Цݣ곤ΪҰǵġ
׼Լյ곤ԼӪ֮Ҳȷʵˣʼ̽곤ĵߣʩѹ곤Ϊֱӷ߹˼顣
ͬΪıˡ
곤û˵꣬ǱΪ¥ĻѾֻһƿյļХеĻ˴Ҫץסߵ
һرĵȴһֱԱըһĺڶߡ
ŮСԲ֪ʲôʱͷڻſ֮ǰûκˣ߻˸֪Ĵڡ
ˣһɱ˵ıĺζȫ֪
ɱ˵ı׼˽
۽ǻˣһʱжϳһǵġ塯˰K̲סץֱţȻŮСԲѾһǹҷ
˷ٴеĽֻ屻һֵȭУݺ³һѪ־ģ֮ʺȻ곤Ļԭһ¡
¥ŹǷ¥ȾҼζѾƮζܸܵʵζ˹ðݵɰɫ֭гɿĸѾֳõӣǳԻõӡ
ſڿһźû͵һԼΧȹӣȤζûбĳ¥Ҳ
кڰϵĲҨһ׼ţļܴǵġ
뿪һ󡣡˵
¥ͷûмʲô¡Ѳʱʱ̿һ𣬵һʱҪúϧ
ζڼһ˺״ļȾ
¥ֹţǵӰʧڳź
ҹˣҰǵĵƻһ˸ЩĴﶼ͸ٻɫĹ⣬ֵЦ
곤ϮСΧɢһ£̸ܿۡµĴ̫࣬Ѿֲ֡ÿΪ˶þĿ飬곤Ӳ鷳ˣԼͽˡ
Ұˡ֪ĢжҪĢж¸š
ɽȺ֮ҰǵҽԺͱ˶Ģ˰ˡ곤ΪȻֱΪ˾綾ɽҽԺ
곤
ǿɿɺȳԵģһٱǽһŮǿɿɺҽԺ
жЧԸõ˽ⶾĢ
ǽһϡ
ⶼǵˣ²Ҫ̫ˣ˷ҽԴ㻹ѹңѾҹˣһӵҽԺĸԺ˾
Ժ¶Ǻǡı顣
Ժ
ԺϢŭ
Ժ侲
Ժ˻ᱻڹԺ
ҽűŭĸԺ벡
ʳƷ𣿡곤̫⡣ôȽĹߣΪʲôĢжΡ
ġһԿɿɵСشԴ
ζǹ
Ϊ˿߲ʵСˣ
ϰ˵ĢζرãԺΪоĢ»ЧԷһÿζԤԼ˾ȻҽԺ
ǣ곤ָŲЩҲصͷ
֪ϰסԺ󣬰Ҳܺ涾ĢʲôоܲĿ߲ʵİףɫĺڡסԺˣЦ
Ȼⲻϴθ
üһǺ«޾үү
곤ģûֶر󣬻˺ĶĢǿάŰܵĳģ
ԣɳͬ
ֻп͵ƤĬĬӸסԼ
곤Цˡ
Ģ𣿡
㡣ʶش
곤Ǳ࡭͡
곤ʾԼͣ˷ҽԴ۹ʿ۽𡣡
ĵ곤л߳䲡ﶼų˶ĢҰˣһҰζԶĢĸо
˵ԼûԹĢҲûԹĢжԺԳĢжʲôоֲŶĢҽԺſڳԡһʲô⣬ҲܵõʱΡ
˵ˣֲԸ
ܺãҰǡ
ӽ쿪ʼĢжƷöʮ곤Ц


78 
ҰǵҰɽȺܿΪοͳ, ܶοרʱҰǲĢ
Ҫһ¶ĢĿ֣ǺܿΪζĢжĳ߼Ʒѡѡ
ʲôȥ, ԼǮȥ
Ҳܿ챻ĳҰк֪оԺ֪
ѽôҪôܲǣһŲרҹҰ, Ƕѧѧ߽ڡ
żûбƻɽȺЩһӽ̵רѧǼᡣһôĵȻⰡ
ǲԴǣֻǼҡʵ֣ллС, лл곤ΪֱƻҪס

˵ļڿҪȥ, ǾͲ˷ʱˡ, һ˾ɽˣ¸εؿǵҰ⽻ųԱ
ЩżŬ貹, ̾һ˼ҵĵо˼ҵɽ, ȴ˼Ҵ򽻵ǡ˷ʱ䡯, ˡ
Цõ壬νЭ, ǵоĿҰҲռһʣ漸оԱҰǳ, ǳоˡ
һԺɽȺȷΪĳĳо, ĳĳȻԴأҰǾǴ׬׬
Ҳ֪ЩǲԼ, оԺ˲, ͷ˿ʸʹž͵, ҰӭǵǴܼʡ
ôҰǵĳʹһ˲̧°ſ, ͱһ쳶ȥˡ
۹۱ǱǹĲɫ, Ϊ׵޿һ, תͷЦúܺƣλСɣ
ֻЦ, ˵
˭֪곤ϲЩ£˵Ұڲ˶֪곤ͷкˣϼһͺܲˡ
˵Ҳû˵ʹűҪһȥӭӵġ
ôĵطרʿӭӣҰǵһȣ
ǿ곤ϲ£Ұǵ
Ҳ֪ǴĶܳģȻҰЩ߲ȵ͵ķҰǣΪעۻ͸ĳ˰ɣ
ȳҰǡʴ׺͵΢ЦȴתŴɱͷ
ʱɽȺ¡
ˣ
ոսһϷĿ˹Ϣ
ϢƷ䳲һطÿССﶼһյ˯߲գ˯߲նڼ״̬ŵĶڽϷҡ
ཡһ߲˾˹ͣǸŻƹķ
쳤ĻеѾǸſڣƯˮĸ״Ļ˷ɳ߲С޴ռĴ
Ĵһһεƽ̨͸ӽռ뿪
ŰɫƷĹԱߵ߲ǰ΢һϹΪ׵˳һ̰ɡ
һ˰߲յĳťֱͨͨ䡣
Ϊ˱ҵ˽֮ǻᵥ֪ͨҵļˡ
߲գҪϴܼʹá
ϢǶͣü临ӵš
һûаÿ춼ҪӾ˶еľ

Ѿúܶˡ
ǰѾúܶˡ
곤ѵ֮Ұҵʾʹ½ߵҲͳһţҲй鴦
ܶܵΪɨβ
Ǻܶò壬ܻߵһЩġ
ѵ޽ôˣûʲô£˹Ҵҿһۣ·ûл̾ͽ˹״̬
һ˳

곤ֵˣ˫ֵ̥ܣ곤ɽȺںܶ˶ȥɽĢأĢֱȿȡ֮󴫳곤ϮϢ
˹Ųһ٣ʾ⸱ּ
곤ûˣ˵ǽ𡤽ɭ֣ûֵãѾȥǻ䱳ˡ
ֻҪͽûϲɭġƽʱ˱滹øһЦʵ󶼺޲ð롣
ڽЩǶڵĿĵġںڰϷֺЩڵҲԽԽߡ
־ã˼粻ú
оҰͨĳѡˣƺ˿ţҿŮʿһ𡣡
ֿٵؽ˵һ飬˹ߵͷƽϿʵ뷨
뿪Ϣң߽Ѿۼ˲ңһЩڹһЩڽ񣬻»õϷԴȡʵԴ
һЩϳ壬һЩϲжһЩð漫޲һЩԱΪһ֣ﶼȥ
Ϊǣ곤ҲǷ˲ġ
һС·ǳˡ˹߳ڣϡ
ԭһɽȫ¶¡ɽơ죬һʱ㱣֪Լ
ɽȺѾȫˣԿ˹ȻܿɽżζһµӰֻǲ֪˻Ƕ
ɽȺҪ󣬲ɽ߸͹𣬶ơʱӸ߿¿ӦȿɽȺɣ
ңɽȺ֮ƺײĿҲ࣬ϸʪֲζ
ǧĶһƬɽȺڼ֮ǰ˭뵽
Ұʵɹ֮ҲʼÿռչһоݿռչݿռťҶí˾Ҫ׷ϸ߼
ֻǡ
˹ҲǣЩĸ߼ŵ
ʹˣǵϢûоҰˣѧϰ¥ʹñ´
ĥһҲһ
ɰ
ֻǽı϶һˣҲ㹳
Ұǵһ죬㡣
·ͣƣϰ˵곤ι㣬ûϰ곤ι㡣
õ곤ֵܵ𣿡
Ҿòܡ
Ҳôá
곤͵곤ֵܣ
ӴʹǲУһ㶫᲻һҰǵǰһβٶʮĴҡСߵȴڣȥƣһ㿴ʱ˳䡣
곤͵곤ֵ廹Ƕͷȴ㶯
ϺðĶȥʶ͵·˴к
಻࣬ҲŶʮ
·ˣ
곤͵곤ֵĬĬְԴתȥ㳡Ǹøĵط
ǶãҪҪ¥˫ȣһֻѹϥϣ˻ɢɢġ
ˮһʳΪǡ㣬Ϊˣˮ˻ǳԡ
໻һ㻰÷ǡ¥÷ˡ
ǻǺӣû뵽صĽΧлĵط
ǰɳĮһȪЩ漣ãҲ͸˼֡
һİο˻ǺӣȻԱ߻һҰˣǺӱߴɢĵ˶ֲ֣ûע
Ȼеʿһ´ñӵˡһعͷˡꡯƣһƹҼ˹ıϣҲ鷢ϡ
ջߣ·ʲôûзֻһ㻡ȣ곤ֵ֮󣬾ͳڰҰǿ곤ˣÿζܸ˵ģ
˵Ұһʮġɭ֪֡ڷ㣿
ô᲻㣬ֻҪͱݵĻõȵϡɭֵķλ롣
ߣڰߵҰͷûлء
߶ˣ㣡


79 
һպ, һȦҰǵĿ뿪ˣ֮ҰǾʽᡣ
ԭֻ߸˵ܾĸǵ, ʵ˼ǿ, ǿƳˡ֪ǰ˳, ˿ŵĴԭˡ
ԼȻͷĬôܸ۶ÿ첻أ
ֻǵһ֮ҪƳݣչ̨, ȷչʾƷ¥һȦ˭пգ
ɭĬѵ, µѵ̫ˣģֻ
͵²˵, ͻ׻ûĥϺã뿪ɱġ
ڿɿɣԸ־ӵŮˡ
Ҫ, Ǹլ
ļһĪӡǷֻжͰĿƿų¥, ȻԸ
¥룺¾Ͱжˡ
ڽ̧ͷ, ѾǴõģⲻǻ޸ҩĹͣҡ
ΪûеһƲ, µĹԱУ쵼ɲܾʵ곤ں, Լȴں, βһš
еʧ, ȻҲ֪ƽ쳡ҪŶӣԼİŶӡ
ڰȫͺڱϷ棬֪ûʱ䣿
һӣֵһеġ
ãǾͰˡ
ϿżóϷ곤ĵǲϵЦݾûҲǵ곤һжҲŻӡǰĳ϶ѹЩˡ
û뵽¸ôһΣܳôõĽʱлл˵ҰǴôõĳ
֮¥ְ£ռѹĹȫźˡ
֮ҰǶٷվϾͳ˵롣һθڵھŵһţԽർηԽߡ
ҰǱȰЩοͣԵηҲܸߡ
οԸοͳʱȫԤ㡣
ǶԵҲҪ󣬲ܶв˺ջοͣǮܸܽ߼Ʒеο֮ϵ
֮εǱ֤·ߵİȫɿ
Ȼ˵еο;ͿΪοͲǩЭ飬κκζḺġ
Ҫô࣬ηֹ󣬻ܱ֤԰ȫߣҰǷˣû˻ʲô˹ĵεġ
ۼǶͷ㲻á
Ȼʧˣڣһٸεͱˡ
ƵԱǶңΣǲ𲽰һ룬״Ұǡⲻµż龰
Ѳݣôû뵽أ
Щ˶Ǯľڷ֮ȫ̱İĺʹ̼
ϧˣԼźؿϵĲг֮Ĺϵ
Ұ
߿һٸգ۾ûҲܾȡ
¥ֵ°Цý˺úöЩǮӣ˵ΪҰճԴ֮һ
ȱǮΪȺ帺˵ι߿ڣԼҲһңǸ߽ҡ
Ǯ¶ࣿҵβҪĿǱοͺͱ֮ĳͻҺͨ˵ĽӴ¥֪ڰϷҪ뿪ҲԶңΪǿδ·
ûµʱһЩ߲μѵǳ¥⡣
ʵǵһֱܵв
ÿγΣǿ񣬳־ᶨҵڣٻ⡣
ҰѾֹҷ¼ڻ޸ҩźء
Ϊǻòƽ⣬޸ҩһ֣ǾͲ־ءһ޸ҩ֣ܳҲȺ塣
¥ԼǴҹģȫҵ״̬֪һ֤Լļֵܶ˻ƫ
ҰǵȺ屾ǱѹȵһȺˣǸҪͷѹ
򵥵ĻеͶʹʸеĹܴһĸܡҲһӶҲŴһ棬ź˼á
ҹʧЦԼ곤սʱˡʱ곤áҸҪʲô˵ġ
곤˷ԣ˷ǵʱ;𣿡ҹʣȻ˺٣һСĸȺ嶼ȱ
ֻҪǺõģ̲Ҫ
Ϣʱ䣬¥ûʲôѾϲһĵ·ҲҪԼҲһԱ
Ϸǻʧˣʱʧȥҵݣٻܻعʵôأ𣿡
ҰʽϢҰǣһʢݳɭֵ̨ݣοǰͼɭִƵùݡ
˵ԿԳŶӣвû뵽ǺƤźοǡ
Ұǽһǿΰ
ͬʱߴʮĻ޸ҩҰǣͬļ۸񣬶о񿪷Ȩޡ
ŵԱżӰŰƽľ񻧼޸ĺãͬʱЩҲͳһԹݡ
֪ǷΪҰǾԣǶ˵ľݶܺã뾫Ҳһš
Ȼи߼ı׼߻һصľ룬ⲻΪûϵͳʺϵľѵ
ֻǷ硣
곤ĽѹɽǣԭʼȻǡϡٵȻˡȥ˲ûҪ鷳ȻҲһЩᡣ
ʵԣ˻ͷŸ⣬ĸá
ľģⶼϡеȻԣ֡¥˵
һ㶣곤ô֪
¥
£
Ҳ¡
ĬԹ⣬۾⡣
ȻǺǺܽӽϾǲһľѵֻΪһֺοľͺǿҼҰлʺϵ·ˣ·Ǻ޷ա
׵ĵ곤¾꽻֮ǰһóһľ
Ҿ͵ĺϢˡ
뿪֮͵ĿǰѵѾ֧ǺĻ׶ճѵΪӴ˳Իѵû뵽ҰǵΰԽġ
ӵ곤̨ͼݣ޽ѵҰǵΰʵһֱõķߡ֮ǰһֱǺͷ󻼵Ⱥ˳֮һƻԵȺ帡ˮ桪ҩԱ
Ұ֮ǿɲǰ׳ƺģҽֹƵҩҰǲ˵ģҲ϶㺱
ڵ곤ΪҰǵĳ֮ǰ˳¸
곤̨֮һֱڴѹƶȺ壬ǵ
͵Ϊʿֻʧؽƻ嶯ҩȻʹ֮ǰڲֲ֧ԵΪҪ׬Ǯ
ǰûˣֻϸҪܶЩԵ곤վߵģ͵̲סһЩ뷨
ҩֻ񫲢ҽΣ̫⡣ʵǣҩƵ˺׷ǶΣԶԶġ͵²Ǵһռ⼸ʿı¼ϣɲᡣ
ż˵ҰǣÿΪ¼ķ¼ʮԻĽ죬ʲôɼЩĴڣ
¥һһϸѪȵĻ涼档
ʵ붯飬Ĳ˵˶֮˳Ǹ״̬ͲֶֻػʱȺľ״̬Ұǵײ滷עĵ㡣
ҰǾǱˤСĻľܶܶȴ޲óͷ۱ǧЩ¡
ȻҪôҰǿһҹ֮͸ΪĻʵ̫вһء
Գ¥й˼ɣһһҰʱ䣬ҲҰʱ䡣
ȺҰǵײ⣬еĻʵˣҲܳˡ
ڵʱã¥Ӱ壬»ԽԽá
곤ͬˣ
¥һ㲻ҲҪġ


80 
ڳ¥ļƻ, ҰδҪ߸³·ߣƷɬҵжĲ, һҲ붯ָĶ
Ұһֱҵά־, ܼ򵥴ֱԴ
ҪһУ͵Ѱõʱ
ƷΪһֱڡ׹ݡЩǮбˡ
¥̨󣬹ʶ׹ݡ, ݵݣ̨̨ЩֻǮûȨġ
ԸЩ, ֻҪȭͷӲУĲÿǡ
ѵǰǺĸҲγⲿҰΪת, һ׬Ǯһ߰ѹ˦ҰҲ£Щ˵ıǾ޴鷳, ˶ǰй¶Ϣ
ɬҵѹȵײ, Ҳṩһ˻ȥ֮ǰΪײҵҵ, ȱ֤ǵ档ܲһñȥ
ҪУ϶ֻһе, Ҳÿһ
ǶĲ΢һ㡣Σ̶ȵ, ǺöԸûôӵı
ΨһҪһµǰĵµڶ㡣ѵ鰬, ƹ˲϶Ĳ, 
治, Ǿ¡ȷ˾Եʳϵ, ¶ͺܺ˵ˡ
ڳ¥װѾ㹻ҰǵĶͶҵ֣ʱ㲻ãֻ©ˣ˸ûץĺ֡
ҰҩķҩģԱӣҪһ򾡣ҪǵϸǴݾߡ
ס͵˼ǿѹż֮һս᲻棬Ȼ곤仰ûһԥ
ȵʱ죬սپ

˭ͨѶһ
¥һۣˮɫ΢ֻ̧ͷſ͵˵¼ȻᣬǾͰ㡣˼жֻҪһˣй¶ˡ༸֪Ͷ༸ַա
곤ġ͵»˵õȷ𸴾ͳȥˡ¥ŰͨѶõϣֻǸոշѶѾһһԼɾˣʲôۼû¡
¥ָǳתĹ켣ڡ
Ѿ
Ҳǡ̾ϢǲǻΧţҲСĽݣеҪġ
ڵĴǼѶĻϢͲֵһˡ
³ɣֻǻˮ곤ϣ곤
³ɡó¥Ī궯ӿڴһǣֽ÷Ĵ̼ʮְġ
ý£ʵûаٷ֮ٵİա
³ɡ֣̲סҪЦšʶεǿ󣬿ǧסԼ
Ҫ﷢չôܴ䷽ӽǴӪ
ȻҪǣѹҲײ˵Ը
Ϊ˶Ըܶʱȥռ
鱨ȥ˽
ΪһʼҲϺ۷һÿ˸˾ְΪңΪˡǽǼʱϲЩÿƼΪϲ
Ȩøκδۣڵϲ㡣
ϢǰĳһѣҲϢصĿƣأ
ЩڵײˣĺԹԵؽԼһǵײ㣬һӶǵײ㣬ǵײ
һƬڵһѻڿʼڴѻǻȼ򣬻Ǳһһ
ڳ¥Լ
ȻýԼ·ʯͷô᲻֪ܻ֮ᷢ¡
Ҫ鷳ðǾ
¥ʵͦ棬ôԶô֣
ÿƵЩԼϣ
棬˽ж
֪Ĵ֪Ѿʼ㾫ƻףΪľʱ׼
ǽ䱸ţһţ
ԣϣٰһ㣬߸°ͣͷһ۶Լܵ衣
¥ϣĿȴ
ʶֳǧƣ뵽תϷ硣
Ϊǵһ⡣ĴһЧҡҲ졯ĿӰĻϡ
Ϊ˶ŬǲĶ
¥һ˲䴩Ϸ
Ϸ٣ЩҪ޾ĹЩѰ;񶼱ǿţǰ
ϰϰ˸ѹҰҶ޷ӦϷĸѹط̭ʸǸߵþˡ
ܲסѹĶˣסĶˡ
ǵʴսʶӦ֪ʶ
Եǵľ߽׵ѾоѾǵľڲпϷеõδһʱǾϲһˡ
Ϸһĳ¥ЩȵӹͷΪκͣפ
ǡеĳ棬ҪɵһһƤȫ仯̬ʸ԰ǵļ뷢սһ̬뿪
ÿһƤ̭һֳӡ
ɡ
ȺÿϿһ̨ףǰһ
뱻̭Ǿƴǰˣ
ƽĺ°ӿҰ˻ڼӲҰ˵ĿУһϢ˳¥
ԭҪתΣջ
ĳתĳӵСΪ˲ò״̬Ľĸǵ
Ҫԭˣӵйڡ곤鱨
ңԶĻͨǰʮҳһߵ
šˡͽߴǧͨñҡ
ʵ˻ϲ곤˲ϲ
֪׳١ԭһǼʺţڳԺڡ
ٵĺŸոĿд˵̴вٲļϡ
ΪǲڻǼʷ߶ͨ
ǵ곤ֵǮߵЩֵǮ
ԭǮôġѹֻۡ
׼˵곤õ͡Ѿסһ¡
ǵһνﲼʮ꣬ڼ޿ײļ·չԼ
΢ؼʱҲó
İ̫Сĳӣ߳Ǹˣûֵþв
һС鷳ڻ˽޸״̬ʱ°ˡ
ֻǡ

˱ۣĻ֪̽仯
ںڰ·ϣǻᵹ¼ʬǡǱȻģǵ塣
ֻһΣһ˷¾Ϳʧܡ
곤ˣҲɲҳһҩͬģҲûеڶλὫڲ׼һ곤Ĵڡ
Ϊˣѡвʿǻ
Ž׼ֿסײ˸ûʶϲ˵ݳޣᱻЩٵĵӰԻΪϲҲ÷ǳѣ಻⣬ͬЩȻǮƣȱٹػ衯ϲˡ
Щײ˶߱ҷ׾񣬲
в˾Ͳһˡ
вӴϲ˵ģҲǸܽ׼ġǼʶõģȴҪӦһȵģĲν尾
ңв˴ܹõĽ֪ôģǻԱȣά˼ǧѪͳ۲˿ܡɺͲ
ҸҸ㣬ҸɫƾʲôѪͳֻܷЩҵˣ
ôһֱܺڰ
ֻҪһǣǾͻȼȼա
ûýʧ̶һ£ҩѾܱ䣬ȼԭһֱڵġѾ
ǧ꣬ؼʱǱϢѹƵķѾÿ˶ڿҿҵԱҩƹ㵽ء
ΪǼʱﲢټֿʱŶмҩĴٶȡ֪ˡ
ǴһϢǲ֪ʱö֮ҩʱš
ȵϲʿ֪ʱѾءѾ
ϲ˲ûзʡƶȻϸо֮óһۣ
Ϊ⼸ĽŲûԵϵĽڲŻ
Թá
ҪӸϽ⣬ֻҩǲģ˫¡
ˣһҪɾѹѾһҪѡʹ࡯ת޸ñʳסУ˶ܻúͲôԹ
ҪչĽŲӵиԱū۵Ķãģ
ʹʼ


81 
ҰѾ, ˪ˮ쳣ζź磬Ұǵ˸ԼҵһӡȥɽҰ
ɽϵҰ, ϼϡҰѧˣɽ֮ǰȴЩܳ, Щܣһ¨, ԻСζ´
, ųͷͱ¨ų¶ǳˡ
Χɽ޶˼飬ֲдУ洦ɼʳõҰҰ
ÿ˶ʳļ豸, ȷܳԲŻɼ, Ǹ̫̫֣ǿҪֱӶɽȥġ
ʵ̫̫֣Ҳƻ̬жĻ߲ʳõĶ, ҲǴȻⲻɻȱԴ
Ұ, ɲô˷ѡ
˵, ǲãԺ֮󻹲ð
㰡ɽ˳ζķ, óŽɫϸСЩСССĶ֦ɳڱ̵Ҷ, ȴΪ
ǹ𻨰ʶ˴һ, ȸˡܵعȥ, ǿó𻨵ˮԲǸ곤˵ˣǹ𻨡
ʲôĹӡûӷֵľϲн£ۼ⣬ֿһ
ͬóڲϵԶ
ǿ϶͸ӡȺɫѹ֦һժ͸ģҧһ㣬֭ˮˡ
ǶҰѺõˮ֮һôۣûҲܳúܺãڲõҲԡ
ѹϰô͸ӣգֺܹдˡ
ɽϻгι״Ĺ棬úһ˵ĽףȴһƻĿζ
ϲĻǺ棬ԲɹҲóԣƬˮ˿˿ġ
ר
һë̴̵ӣˮ󿪾ѵζŵ곤ķǳǸŴɿƮʮ
ö񣬶Ǵģ¥һȺǳӣһƬһƬȺɽϵҰ࣬ҲЩԶô죬ǻҪǧɹ
ΪΪʳҶΪ
¥֪ΪʲôΪиرϢȴ¡
Ҫ֪£̫ˣֻҪ׳һɫкܡƽ⡯һһʮͷΡ
Ҫ֪¾ûôˡ
ͨ˸֪ĵϸֻ֪һٶǰ֮ûš
ʱΪΪԼˣоüֻ֪ĹҪüë
ü˼ҪáսҪǻù˼һǼʷͥͶˡ
Ǹóʲô̬ȶԷҪҪôڱȫǰºܣ
ε
ûô򵥣⽻ϾͷǳԿ⻹ӺڰϷȡټ䷽Ľ
֮ûֻǿʳ
Ұ˵ĸоһ㣬Ϸ⣬ٷ֮ʮϵ˶˿϶Ŀġ
弶ѾǸ߼ˣͻȻһ׼Ǽʣ϶ͼıͼıСӦӭ׼
ս
Ұǵ֮أʱ֮ûرĵطûаҰѡΪ·֮һ
ȻѡҲ£˾һ
˾͵¡
Ұͨ˶ô룬ΪҰǳĳ¥ǵԶߵĺȾҲ˵¡
嶼Ⱥһʮᡯȭͷ鶼¶ѹûеΡ츳¥Ѿڡ񡯡
ûʲô£ͷȫ꣬¥ͻȻ֪һӦøʲôˡ
ȥҾ𣿿ѾĴڣڻʽ鷳ûʲôʱ
˵ڤæ𣿡
İ칫ϿһֻӽϷһ֧ɫİٺϣô
ڲҰǴ˼죬˼Σ޺̫æµڰߡһҲʮ졣
˿ڱըƺǴȥ˲ٷա
¥Ҳ֪ڵ˶ٸڵĺڰϵ߻ҪϺڰϵĹ
ֻôһֻеĺڰϵҲܸܴ˵Ŀˣܸж
֪ʯôˣԨʯơԨʯͣǿһɿڵʯơľܱͨã볤ߡ
¥ԼǺϲԨʯƵľƣȴͳʯƸһǡôĿζɬζȥô⣬ֱӺʯܸ֭ˮķҷ
¥ô˵ǰͳһƸŵӣһɡͷĺͮͮʯһƤѾ¶֭޵ʯѡ
ָһûժʯѣˣɫ֭ˮָο
¥ָɫĹ֭ôóԡ
˵һԲɫС⣬ֲȥֲԼ
κڰٺϳĬ˸õʱ䣬һɫǵǰԱ߻ϸĵطСӺͲֽ
һҪһˡ
û˵仰ϤζѾߣͺɫٺһεıϻڤ䡣
¾ơ¥ʣ°仰
ҰǾɫŨӴȴ¡
ʹפġ󡯡
ҪĸϽһֱͨľʱܾЩˡ˶ΡĸǸפҪ
˳ԱǣΪ
ʲôǣ
Ҫһ֧ӱ֤˵İȫ
治°ȻҪǵפֻиŻפһǼӣԼǡ
פ˵ֻսҵһȵıֳֻоֲСսƲսҵ˼ò¡
ǺǺǺǡ
һЦֳһļžԭǸŵСܲÿ˹ǹҵĴ֮һǾлȨĴ
ȻǡѺôǼʹԼҪӦ໥
ҪǲפԼˣƽȻĿģǲҲӦǲһ֧ӣϾҲ
˼
޷ܾפ໥פĽ鵹һʧĺ⡣
Ǹ߼Ŀǲһ֧Ӻһ˹ȥǾиӴЩ߼ļ֪ʶ
ŷĻʹŵɫ̫áͼıԴҲ۲ļ
ƫƫܾܾ顪˭Ǳ˴˶Ƕ
ںڰϷ˲ٸߵĿ⣬вͻġҪǸö֮ɸЩӦ
̫Сܽ
ĺڰϷʹ䣬û⣬ͳ֮
λǣʹŵĻ
λʾָ˹
ǹģʹڳǰ˽ҪעļˣоͰλ˹µĸŷչѸ٣һŸ򣬶Ҳһв
һԱ˹Լ
ſ˹һҵĶͲ츳ߣʹǿ¶Цû뵽㻹֪ǼԼ
Ϊ׼ǼӴЩҲӦá
˹ﰵЦȹ˼꣬ǾҪժ׼֣ʱǻҲȻҪפ
ʹԽӾ裬ȴ˲ţŵһǸϾһĹŹֳһǸҲϷĻսʿ
ԽԽˡ
Ǹʱ֮żĳأһܣѹѹ࣬ʹһ۷ֲ˭˭ͿѯʡӻǼʻҲǵĿ֮һ
˹۾ȻǳȻӦĳ
𣿡
߶ֿ׵ЦţȻһ뿪ʼһ̸ֵС


82 
治߶, ¥˵ҰǵطСʹŲ, ˼һˣָһ档
Ұ»ȻٴС
ˣܾҲûʲô, 翴Щ˶ʲô⡣
¥Ӽǡ
ʹųԱЩ, ۾һͣһֱߵġ߽һͻᷢر
ǵǸ, ǹؽһٱȣ˴ĵ׷˲覴ûëװ״ʸеƤ
˵˶˵£˵ĸоˡ
ʵЩ൱ɫġɫĶԷǲҪĳ̶ȡ¥ɫ˭ƽƽ棬ǳ಻ôĻ࿴ۡ
ЩʹųԱҲǼ˵С, Ƿѿжġ
һ޺ĺѹ, ǾڻˡҰǵĹһ룬ʹһ, м仹˴, ų¥ʹŴ
Ŀ, һ׵Цû, ôޱ顣
ΪĸǵĻĸǲһ, Ƕһּ׵ĺ, СС촽Ա߻߼ڱϣװƷŹҵƷԼУͬйҵеá
¥ˮһڣ֪ΪںһȺȸߵҼҡ
ԱϴˮԴ󲿷̼˵ˮǲƷ
ϻһʵķ޷յͬղ
¥ˮϣʮָ棬°ͣûϿʵ뷨
Ϊʲôʡȴ˿׵Ḷֱ́ʶԷĿġ
˵Ի򡣡޻ʵķӷʶ֪ĸ˵û˵źϡ
Ǹõط¥¶Цݡǲǡϵòƶ֮ߵĲȷ
Ǳ˴ԲͨȻԸֱۡʹž͸оһ̫ǵˡ
ŸϵдоӻǸǼʺŻ°ߣɼŵʵ
ǿĺţȴһˣ࡭
ʹеһԸпϧһֱܡϲƯµ࣬ܶ࣬Ȼѵͺӽܺǻʲôĺ
ЩǶûÿÿ࣬䡭
ﴫûļУһʹŵʹԼĲӣŴͣǶϵƴϡ
ʹųԱΧ飬óЯĻߴﹾϷ롣
ˡ¥룬ѵ߼£Ҳˡ
ʹŴ󺰴к̬ҰǵĹλϣĮ
һĻ档
Ѻ豸ȥˡʹóĽۣǸǸùºȻȥơֶﲻ̫á
浹ù⼸Щˣ޴ͬǰǱģܳ˻ϣƫƫǺ̡
ôһôȥģһòʲôؼɣ
£ʹžԼΪ߼ĽĨһˡ
Щ˵˵ҲֱӣΡ
ĳ֪ĿƼЩ̫ǰˣһֱﲻǺ˷𣿡
¥ûзϣųķ
ʱǸȷʵոһĿдֻһǸе⶯ѣȻͨľͲЩţǸ
˴ǿó˸ֿռصļΪЩƼ
Ȼȷкܶ¼ڰϷõġʮǰǵһͨߡ
ڰϷԾΪ˾Žңﲻ֪ѹ˶ٶȻ󲿷ָ˵ʱĴĶһš
οǺڰϷ壬ӵеľ͸ˡ
ϧĻ̫ó̫༼ǳԲ·ǣ弶ϡ
Ȥ¥϶Էֱ̽Ե
ʹŵ˶һۣһЦǾõġ
֮⣬Ҫ¥Щ
ҰǹмƢ̫õĵҪӣԱߵ£ʾ⣺侲һ㡣
Щ֪ܵӣ¥ҪЦˡûУȤǾͬȼļ
ʹŵһ㶣̶Цó¥һ˾ȻҲ̸ֱԲ
ǲں֪ͨ㡣
ԣ¥ƽȴȷ˵ԷҪǮ׵еȼ۽ַ԰ʳ
䣬ҰǹǾ¶ƵףַӾҪóƴ
ֳնʱЩ
ǲ׼ú̸ˣ
̸
Թ۵ĴʹŹ˴һϸҪҰҲˣ̬ȣ֪ҰǵЩ˶һȺǶƨĹȫ֣οǲˡ
մﵽҲʱҪεʱ򣬳¥˸ƣйԼλãʹŶ̲סһ
˴¶̬һһ̧֣ĽͱҰǵĵ곤ƿˡĻǹģ
̬ҪϹ˼˵˼վ棬棿¥Ͽϲŭֻһѵ
֮ǰ˵Ǹ˶
ʱоͬжһЩ
ȻΪǼ塣
Ϊһӣ̸ϣֻǴҸˣҰǣǴӵһԴ
ôΪҪֶǵĸһ׼Լ𣿡
Լ
亹乣ôֱӦ仰ȷҪ֣ҲԾ顣
Ҫ֪ڵȼɭϵλλ
˵¥΢΢һЦڣ˵岻ʸӵеĶ棬ҪҽףǾһ˺̸
˵վֱ߳˻ҡ
ֻ֮߳±鸴ɫ׽ʹš
εĻ飬һʵҵ˾ʹŴ˴˵˴ȻҪм˵ϣȴ룺ԼûҰǳͷʲôӣ
ҰǵĳҲ湻ģ˵˾ˣһӶҲ֪ʲô
ȫֱⳡ߾ͷСҡ
žžžСܲÿ˹΢ЦƣͨѶϻе곤ոշļѶݰ֮Ұǽݷһʱ䡣
еǰԭ໥ìܵĴǰδеŽᣬ˾߸ҵĴ
ǰԲϣиͲЩʹʹߵġ沿׼ߺ׼ߡͨоЩ˵沿ǵʱ״̬
ϧ沿⹹ɺǲͬ沿óĽֻΪ
Ѿ㹻ˡ
곤Ѿ̶̽ȣԷûб̬ȡҪôʹŸûлȨҪô˾Ŀǰûдٽ˼Ӹ⡣
ǲ֪ǴӺڰϷõٶǻʱ䡣
ʱҪĶһ죬ǵܿ첽չһ죬һ£ǵĿƼܸǰһ£һ꣬ǡ
еһԸ߼ж졣
֮󡭡
֮ǰļƻҪʲôӣǾͿʲôӡ
ܺá
Ǿһǿ
˵գԭͻڰʱٵȫϢҾôϢʧ
ĳֳĿСܲûۣĬĬժ¶αװֲĶȻվƱһ
ͣʹһ㡣


83 
ɢ, ʹŷ»˵ҰǵĳӵеЩռ似Ǵ͵, ˭Ҳ, ǹƻꡣ
⻰һۻȻ
ȥҰǵûбܣǵĻû, ӵĶ֪ôһ¡Щͱˮ, ˶Դ˼֪
Լ׼Ұǳļ˵͵ġ
Ҫ赶ɱˣǱҰǳ
첲ֲȣ˵ʲôʲô
ҰǵĹҲʳ¥곤ô
ȡǲĿŵ, ͬءԽԽҪסⳡ̸Уߵ, û
¥ңɽȺ̸мٸҲҪʵֻһȡֵЦ
ܻ뿪Ұ֮, ʹҲûֹͣʸҵĽŲ
Ǻܾϲط֣һĵ֮أ֮ȻҲ໥ŶԿЩұ߸ָɺüͬ, ÿŶһ, ˶Դʹŵ̬ҲȻͬ
ңȻкڰϷ, ֪Ϊʱ̫̻ڲ̫, ĿǰȻڿһЩڶڴ޴Ŀ
ȻҲ˼ҪŬ, ҪͶоĿ, ձ鲻á
߽׼ǼȻȫһЩĿļһǡ
ʹ¶Цݣǵϵǲһ˵Щңÿ궼ҪһΣ췴˹ͻսȻµ쵼ֻ̨ء
ѴڶϵȻгöࡣ
һǰ쵼һ쵼ǿԴطչ
Ҫ˵йʲôΣҲжʱײûԸֻƽ
ݽ겵飺ͬ׼˷ֿͬ򣬲ҲȡͬķɺḣƶȣͬʱϢڲͬ׼֮佨ǽ
֮Σͽˡ
͵ǵ͵ǺڰϷĻᣬҲܺúá
ʱԽãʹԽǣǵƶȣȫһ顣
ҪСĽǸʲôҲҪɾ裬ѾʼӴԪѹ룬Ԫǿռ似ĽһǳΪ߼ǼĹؼ˭Ҳ֪ǸʲôԶڱʹ쵼
ĿǰĿƼĲ϶
ʹ쵼ȣûѵҲû𣿾֪צӣǻΪ˺ڰϷЩõļģ
ΪʲôҪפΪ˾ЩҪҪΪСǻҪһʱ䣬ʲô仯
̸ҡ
쵼ʹôҲһûзɶҰǵķѹȣһԼĹҽҰ벻Ѻе塣
ﻹһվҰǵӥɣ߲ĹۻɣûбߣǶС
Щ³¥֪ûжʲô
ĺε˽⣬Զ࣬ǴСһ·ɱֻҪƺԼһĶֵأĽˡ
һʱֽڰϷͻƣһҾȷֲڸϿ޷쳣쳣ߣǸרΪϷѵ˲š
˵ĳҲ˵Ѿ׼
¥쳣ͳһصĶΪøǣ°͡
ΪʲôβܰԼļƻй¶ԭ򡪡ȥСû»˵ˣʣЩҲŽһµġ
ǼҾһ׵ġ
ͷıԹϽַ棬ѹһ̵ֱǡ
ǰż̳ʧܵʯƣ֪ڤĻʺϾƾãǽڻϢƲһģһĲ裬ȴʧܡ
̳Ѿ˹׵ζһڰϵ
һ䣺ڤˮʣȥؽһЩˮҪߡ
ǡ
ʧܵʯ׳ȥ·ͬ£ȴûʱͣ˵仰
Ҷæһ˷ѳ˺üܴͷ顣
˵鳱ضﱩҲּ塮þ
ѾȥˡطеһĹȺֵĵطܺߴ򣬻ֲֶ⡣
һǼʻڤԱһڶڲϽ
ѹִ̫䣬Ӱ쵱شųӰ쵱ڴľȫ࡮սֱַַ͡Ǿָ
Щ½ֻأǻữɴµࡣ
ֳռЩѹƿؼʱǺáκ˵á
ССһƿڳǾʹࡢޡһˮƿ޷ֵ˺ʱ˻
ڤǰ״ͼͷѾڲϲıָ
ڽˮƿżȻ¶ϱųĺɫ·ţҪǣţϾ˼
۵»ǵϣڤ˼䣬һб仯ϢġǵѾͨռʹϢõĳЩʾ޴˳嶯̰
곤ڵĹֹͣ˰ǨҪҰǹ黹ߵءЩһ˵ԺûҰǶһ
ʲôƢ
̲סˣŪ
ˣŪ˭곤䰴£һ裬ǸտʼǾô֮󻹲ðԼ
˶ҲһȻԿ¥˾֮Ԥ㵽ĵѺߵı
Ǿˣ
̣ǵȴʱЦúÿʲôãҪ˭Ц󡣡
¥һۣ˲ŭһˮ
ҳҪǸۡ
ǵȻ¥˵ϻ¶Цңͨ£ǻܿ壬˭ѣ˭ǵˣ˭ţ˭šⲻǺܺ𣿡
ǿơŵ̬ȸйģҲ侲
Ұǵʩѹһûֹͣͬʱ˽ҰǣҰˡǱȫΪǳ񡯣˽з
󲿷ֹҶѡȹϲ
СĹ򰵰ֹͣ˺ҰǵĺʱŶرˡӴķǵֹͣӴȡ
ԣ˵ľǸڵǸҡ
¥صظæɹСܲÿ˹˸绰Ͳ£
֮ǰѾйĬĬʱ̼ӴҰǵĺ̶ͬΪж
ʲôֳСܲŴһȱӪֲִֶζƳ곤ĶɼֵֶΣҲ㶯֣ɼ곤ǡ곤Ҫȿǿҡ
Ȼףѩ̿ѣסġ
ͨѶ¥Ұǵ
Ϊʩѹ˿ҰǵδѾ뿪ͬʱ뿪Ļʵ
Щ˶µ˶ͬҰǹġ
ҰڲȻкüǡġţ죬ҲǶһԵǹ
곤Ұǵ֧ʸһҹ¸ߣͷӲҰǵĳ
޳ʵá
ʻЦ˵Ϊε˸ˡ
εôࣿ¥ȵؿŲȶȣǳ֮ǰ
ԭкܶ˲ʶҰǣڳţЩ˾ôӲȻ˱ϾҲ࣬հհͬʱҲַʽᡣ
֮ϲҪעΰ
ǡ
¥µӰ壺ڲǰδеͳһⲿҲʼˣ缲ʱҲˣҲš
缲
ǹŽһģⲿֲ룬õʱЩôŲΣֻᷴ
鷳п͵һˣ


84 
͵ˡ
͵, ˰ҰǾƶļһﶼסƶ֮ȥرЩĳһֳĽԺڷ
, ǾͿ޸ҰǷɵ, ԺƶͶĲڷ
ֵ֮һ, ΪܶɬҵΪĵײŮΪҲû벻òԴΪ
̿ҵûȥЩ˵ΪһܺڵĹôԼڱȥ
͵һûӦ, Ӧ, ͲֿЩҩĹԱ, ôӣЩ˵, ֻȵ곤һ¡
û뵽ô졣
ڶĳ, ̫Ϥ, ûϵ, µϤ
ҩЩѺ, á¥˵
ƶ귨ɾԡЩ, ֮Щ˹˳ˣ
Ҫ֪ҪЩҩûһĻѧˮƽ, ƫô˷ѣȻҪץΪҰǵĽשߡ
뽨ҩ, ˳϶ѻЩҩ, ֱһʯ
˻, ô, Щĳǧġܱħƺûرô
¥ĥ˻, Ұοô, ҪҪŪҵݣЩ˸һһҹӵĿ֣
ˣȥɡ
𣿡Ϊ׼Ŀ͵¶ˡ
ڣϢȥ߿գ¥ӻߣҪϢǰȥЩ׼ֱ㡣
ȥ֡͵סˡ
곤ȻĶҵ֣ߵġȸĹ˵㷸桯ĲҪ·ߡҲֻǶͽжͽ
¶˵곤ܱһ󣬿͵ºȻе顣
¥ˣνĳǳɣֲ⡣
ߴҲ
Щٷ֮ʮŶҰǵϣǮͶˡȵȣ
¥ͻȻ뵽ʲôңЩ˵Ļϰ徭Ӫô꣬һ˲ʲɣ
͵סܾûʲôַչ
֪ҰǴЩǷֵЩǮǺǣʲ׷һ֡¥ѿ͵£ȥ粿ĸЭ㣬˻ˡ
ֻҪȲ£˾Ͳõ°
͵£
͵뿪֮󣬳¥Ȳ衣ϲԣ쵼ûͲʡ
һ꣬һ¥ӵ˿͵·Ϣ
ÿ͵ȥһ¡¥˵ҩĹץ漰Աرжĳ漰Ķڷ
һ£̶뵽ҵԼһѣҲһĹΪ
Żᱻϳְ
Ұųҩģʧصĸоᣬȴ²ġ
ʵ̫ˡ
쿪ᣬҩͶĲȫֹԵҩϽ񵥣ͷһֱӶ̡
곤ҪʲôЦʡ
¥룺ϣи׼ڡǻǺȻɡ
ͶĶ˰մͷ״Ұǵ棬׼Ȱס󲿷˵Ĺ˵û뵽ǽá
곤ص̫ǿƵ𷴵ҰĿǰǿѶϵ˷߽
ϵȷһ£ܿ˵곤⡣
ӳԶʧصĶͶĶҰǵδѺáǰҰûЩɫɫĲҵ޷㡣Ұ׼ߣЩҵ͵ü
£Խ죬˺ԽС
ڵ³ǵĶĳҲɨΧڡǰ£ʲôϵ
գˬ
ƹƹµľƣĿҰҲһ¡
ƶƵͨ˵ĹϵǺܴҰǮ㶾ƷıϾ࣬еСǮȥĳλε˲١
ȫҰǵĴСĳһҹ֮䱻ٷر£ͳ˼Ż⡣
ʲôʱ°˯һôһһ
ϰüһ͵´˰ѵ³Ǹˡ
û˵ʲô
Լ곤йȥˣٴγֵʱ̯˵û취룬ûޣʲô취ǻһɨ
곤һʱ䲼ȻŶ֣ҰǵĲȻߡ
䣬һϾ飬βô󲿷ҰֻоһٷɹʵûʲôʵУûرĸ롣
̫ˣǶûӦͽˣˮҲˣᰡ
ͨʵҲûԺǾǺڳԺ
ЩĳôǮֲܰЩͨ˵ͨĹԨǻ͸곤ءٵ˵곤ЩǮܷӲһá
곤ôǮûˡ
ΪҰǱвķ粨ûȥһֱעȻҲ֪¡
Щ˵뷨᲻һЩ³¶ĿЩΪ³Ұǵ
³ǵͳһжϣ
ǰܻؾܸߵҪ󣬺ܿٽڲǱ³һЩӦеʵġ
ϲŭɫ粻Ҫ翴͸ٱ¹
ʵʱҰ׷١߿ҲôףЩĵں棬̨϶Ƿõż
Ȩ˵ˣǰŮɵƶټЩĵߣҰǲʱ䡣
û뵽ЩǮ
ȴЩμҵĺɰ¥űҳļյ㣬һǴ㡣
곤׷𣿡ԾԾԡ
Ķĳϴʧأ곤ת־ͰһӮˡĳӪ
ȫǶĿͣǧ֣οͽһһҲߣҪѺʲʵ
Ŀһͻο͵Ĵ̶̼ͺ;ƹһ˱򿨵ĵص㡣
׬ο͵Ȼ٣ںȣϸˮ
Ϊʲô׷϶ҪûǼҴҵ󵽿˷𣿲
¥˵Լ뷨ķʽк֣ܶǮǻԴҲǻǼȻһԱҰǽУѰɣ㲻⻹ΪԴء
Զ˫Ӯ⡣
֮¥Щһһϵд󲿷ֶǳʶʱ־͵ȡԴȡƲȫΪʲôҪͷӲӲ
˵ˣСɫǣǵע⡣
ҲΪҰڱţѱ
ˣ¥һвԣȳֶԸңȻء
ڶֱӶ֣һɱ
¥иԭҪôǲ֣֣һҪﵽĿġȴûдﵽӦеЧԺв˾Ͳʹˡ
ôţ֮Ұֶ˼УԴ潨ˡͨޡĺϵ߶˱ݵʱš
Ȼܲˣ漰̫࣬һҲĿ꣬û֡
ʹűǣţڸתƣݵĸֹĶǵĴϷһʱҲ˲Ұǡ
ԭһ첻֣Ҳ˴ǡĲ˵ҰǵĿռźͿռչ۲
Щ˵̽ҰҲС֣ǹĲҪ
ĺڰˡ
Ұ֮ǰȱٵĶͨʱ֮Ųͽ۳˰ѣкܴռ䡣Ҫǻʡ
Ϊ˲ҰǵĵײˡɳҰ˳һҵ
ҲǺ͸ŵĺĿ֮һ
ӵжзĸӵгǿĹҵ̭ĻҰ˵ҲȽġ
ԸðЩ̭豸Ұǣ£ʽҰأҲŻݵļ۸õʺǵĶڿ蹤ҵϵ
൱׬ǮĶĺͶ֮󣬱µҵӾˣбԹ
¥ǲ̽ĵġ
֮Ұǲϧɱطֵײ廧ϢҰǵײֹҵߺСʲ׼Ұϵ׵ĳңܽͳɱ
ٷԼҲ˼Ҵ͹ļײҵȺ
֮⣬ǳҰݶֲ߲أ̶öռ䡣

ֲҪµľǻҪⶥֲصĲҪ˿ڸܣֻΪһֲ䡣
ط㹻ʳҵǺ֧֡
ΣҰǵĿԼ
ȻһжڽеУҰƹҵϵ᲻ɹɹ˻ôЩδ֪
Ұ˻Щ仯ᵽˡ͡ζ
һЩ˻֣̿һЩԾԾԡÿһαﶼӭŪƷ˭Ҳ֪Լһ
ʱ򣬰´ͨͨ˸廧Ĵ룬ǿˡ


85 
ھƹĳ, ζӵԼĵİ´ͨԼĵ̡
СͬСӵм䣬Զǻ̳, ɢŻƵƹġһ߶ǡ
ŲɫСѼΧȹİ´ͨЦӭſ, ǽܳʽĿζ
7εĲ̨ϻһƯĽףɫСˮݺͼɽȥǵ곤Ŀҵ
ֻǵ꣬С궼, ЩԣЩס
ССĵô, Ϊ꣬˲˰աҴҵʧܣⲿֳɱٷһ룬ʣµһҲԸɼ⣬ԭƶʲѩϼ˪
㰲ķ, ҸšҰǹٷϢ
ÿ춼ؿ, ССﻹϲһЩϵӰͨϲġӰˣͰ´һ
кʱ֮ǿøļ۸ԭϣĵҲֻһˡ
һֱ߳ǰ, ˺ü꣬һֱ߲Ҳ֪ôûз, ûԴ, û·Ѿ߳ˡ
ΪбԴ, ´ܸл곤֪, 곤ס
еԴʮ֣ŷָѾͷĴʱǣһָײ㣬ϾЧʵģ̶ȴGDPôǣĻ
ŷָҪԴˣһָһĸˣȷƽСƶ࣬ͬʱҲ޶ԴҰǵ巢չ
곤鶨ԣҪ˲ȸٵĶܵǸֻһ㡣
ͻȻĳЩʱ̣곤ЩĲ̣ǺӡһҪһ飬ǲȥ̫ģںƽƽҪ£ζҪȥ
ҰǵĹһʼ⣬߳Ц´ˣȻˡ
ĸԸݺƵ棬άҰ˱Ų
Լ֤ʷĸоֻǾǡʷ
ʱ䣬ҰǺܶ˶ҵ˹ڽҰ֮ǰҲʲôᡣЩлʰϱУ߳µҵ
ҰǹٷԴĵ
ҰǶһչӣÿյļҰǵ뵥˼ʮΪˣǲòҰǳھסꡯؿʮꡯ
ҰǻʹԣܵС
ǷչĻҰǹٷ
ŽʱţҰǾʹ׬׬οһġΡ
ǰΪװͿյĹ⣬Ѿ䵽ԭÿ˶չֽţĹӡÿ˶ڴ߲
ʱɽϵֲ˺ˣ
ɽϵҰȷʵ࣬ḻҰ˵ʳףο͵ó
Ҳ˳¥ľƽѡ
ѡ˱֭ʺƹƵˮȻǡķʽǱɿڸзḻĹơ
һ¾˼ܣ˿˱һ֡
곤˵ĺأƿ
ô죿°ɡ
ƿǲ֪곤һõĺ˳
ѡĹĵȴбƾʱħջŨĸ
ƵĶܵͣζȴֺгζζսһڣ
ˣ룬һҲģƱ˽¿ֻ˹Ŀ֡
¥ѾһʱûڣڤæһҪֳãϴҲеĵĳ¥ҵ¡
ȫ浽鷳һΪ̫ˡ
š
ǲúڲسˡȨƽϳȡԭʼϢأԼǱˡ
һ֤ȷ䣬¼ʱ׷ݵٶǰ
šȻϿƼ޵еġ
ҵĺӱԽ߽׼ӤʱھͱȡԭʼϢԱñͨ˻Ҫ
ͳһ׶ࣿ
ѹԽͨ˵ĺϮԽϡ١Ѫ
ͨҪˡ
¥ԭףϵһըҩ˿濪ʢ
˾̲ס̺һ
ṹѾǿĸǿĸ
ʱǲŸ仯ƶȣͨƼֶα䱾ѹͨˣ֮һкҵġ
ô£ʹҲסˣǽ뿪˳һ޶Ĳ˶Ұǵĵ곤һӲͷ
Щ뿪һ죬Ұĵһѩ׷Ļɫѩڸ´ݶϣҲڰĻǺ
ڵʵ̫ȾˣôҰǾûΰ׵ѩɫѩΪⳡѩһ˿ź
Ѿˣ¥źˣڵճùŴˡ
ҼǵĹ涨ĳڱ߽罨ȾҵӰ쵽ڹгͷʩ
ҰǻûбϺϷ޷Ҫǣ겻һ
˵¥ʣûзɷ©֮㣿ɲøˡ
Уһʲ֪¥ʲôͻ룬Ϊܼңϰһ׼Ϊпֵܳ¼Ԥ
¥Է˷޳ģٻʣ齨ԣٵ
Ƿˣǰ¥˺üͼ¥ϸһҰ˿ڱ仯ͼҰǾҵͼҰְҵֲͼЩͼϸĵظԱֳͬɫ
¥ƺʲô
ңӦǸҵҲǣֵ͸ߡ
תҰǽѩ׷ɵļڣҰǵ½ʮȡ
꣬ӦûбˣҲҴҵĴˡ죬Ұ쳣֣ǻǺϵСʳ֡
ÿ˶ʵʵȻǸ߿Ƽᱡû¶֮λ̫ˣˮɱ
ô죬Ұ˹̯ˣ¯յģŵ߲Ұ˴ȵ˿ϣĨͣϵζϡ
һ͹ըС͹۵߲˶Ρ
տը·߲֮ˡ
㡢ҰˡҰСʳϵҪʳġ
ٽӴȻҰ˺ĢҰʦͨˡտ͡츾ޡֶտը㡣ϲͬɫĸպ
޶ҵɽԼ˶ؽĳ¥ֿտ̯ϵʳ
õġ
Ҳû޶ôࡣ
ڶһСվԱߣҵպһŵҺըִСҰˣմմɫճպ
¥ֶܳԣҪ󣬡һƬףӵǸɫ
ԼҲˣɫĿڸɽϸտõζŨнƬرˬг嵭տ壬˼֭ĵ;ƣټ滹ðݣ˻
ɣ¥չȥԼϲĶܱһȫᵽĸо͵͵֡
šڲͷŶԴñⷭë߹¥ŸСˣֱδꡣüеĵĮ־۸С
Ұӣҡ¥˺öһʳ̯ԱҰӣңһֺŮĺɫⱥԣζ
ڸ߳ıʼյҰҲܴ¶ˮ浽ڣΪֱߵʳζĲͺˮ
ȥһ㡣
һֻܿĶߡ
¥첽߹ȥϲܣҡһ׾Ѽӡ
Щܺóԡ¥һҰӣһˣԼԣҲ
곤ֱߵ˷ǡȻʩˡ䡯־ᶨ˻ǻѷӰ졣
Ϻá¥ǴкʳǶȻÿھƹݶܼ棬ż濴ǻƲסԼ
곤ҰӣģɿɴȺ
˸ʽտըһڵĹ𻨸۸һӣȫӵܵˡ
ʲôһ˿ٵض䣿¥˼ڳ˼֮ǰָǸҰӣҵ̯ӣ
л˵곤ɿɴȥҰӣˡҴææͳ¥ȻҧſС׷ȥ
¥ܵתͷԽ˵Ŀ¹ڱϣ
͵͵߲ɳӣҾƣζһܲ
ȥĶһֻ¹
곤һҰӣվȻ¼Ƭѩë׵ñӱϣҲڳɫëϣֲĸ͸Щ
Ϊ˲ŵ곤ֵ֮ʱ⣬ҰֻԶԶشкûΧǳ¥ͬҰӣһ˲õƫܿˡ
ҰǵĳܰοҲҪӰֵðҰǵĳҲǺܶѡεԭ֮һ
ΪһֱŬͨ˹ãʵܵչˣȻϲ
ȺԶԶƬѩеĵ곤·𱻸̯λϵĹţѩľ飬Աߵ˶Цſ
оһȫֵˡ
ѩԽԽЩ̯£ɡӦֱ仯Զſ
СȫûӰ쵽Իǵ飬иո°ĴˣвžһңԶοͣдŸֻʳʳ͡
СС˵طաѩЩƵսر


86 
׷ѩܿڳ¥ñϻһ, ָһ˵ȥͼȡůɣ˳·ߡ
˳·ߵСʳֵľͷ䶳ʵ̯ӡ
Ǹյ, ˱ûжþͶһ硣ǰؼңֱӵ̨, Ҫ⿵ʱýڡ
ôںһڵ, ǰζҵ¡
ⶳҰҰ⣬ȥȡµ۲Ҫˮ۶, ζ㻹ʡ
ЦǺǵӲ㡣ԼҲ˼ЩǮúܲġ
ʵںܶ˾ڼһӰӽĿ, һ߳ڵҰĻԼ˿С¯ԡ
ڲ輸, һ̸մӱóˮǽõġ
ûл, ͷмǮȻʳʳо, ǲĵط, ǲ顣
ȥʱĥɱ˶벻ʱ־ˡ
Ҳһ꣬Ұ˵ôݳ޵ģ
궬ĵҲˣǲôȡůġ
Ϊ¹糧˰, ˵˸ӸЧĲ缼ˮҲֱˮ, Ҫι˾ܺȡ
ǰһʱƶҲԭ֮һǰЩѧҩֱŷŵˮ, Ѵġ
ܶ๤ţµҰ˾;ۼ죬ǰδе֡
Ȼܲõ绹ǲãڴڵµҴů
һô٣˰ɣ
ΪʲôͲܿ٣ÿνϷҲ±һϷ׬һ׷ҪҾ;Ǯײᡣ
ϴһһŽɫ֤id
ҴûʲôȻʱ䣬ȥѵͼݣһ㱣ıǮ
ոջݵһһ飬˲Ǳˮʧ١
ǸָĵùҴͷɥǣϴ󡣡
Ұǵѵÿ춼ȻģҲ⡣ϰСʱ΢΢Ŀ˹ѵܵĻսʿ߹л
ֻҪϷʱ䣬˹æСʱлѵһʼĻսʿ˼Ѿѧѧˡ
Ϊƽ֮Ŀ˹ӵϵͳ֪ʶͷḻʵս飬ѧЧһĺá˲˽ѧ̡
˺Ϳ͵˭šΪͳ˧˹㣬͸ս˵͵¸
뿪ѵ֮󿭶˹ֱȥԡң֮ó֮ǰŵĶ
ͨѶʮԣѯǲǻģе٩Ұ޴һ᲻ߵģѵ޽ȵģдҰϢġ
ԹһԵػظˡ
˹ͷһϢҵĳ£ﻹˢҰڲ硣
Ϣǵ곤
ȥСʳ֣ͼƬƵϡ˺ÿֵץĶǾѡȡġ
ƶ߳Сӣ;ƣʳΨһֻлסõ곤ľƺܺúȣ곤ʳܺóԣ곤żЦܺÿ
곤ܸˡ˹΢΢

ĸܽ˹˲رҳ棬ָƵððʧʧģʲô£
ĸִ˼ڴ˲ѹµõϢҰǽϺرж˴
Ŷ˹һҰǺƽûϮǵĹҲûбϴԵļһͣʹŶˣʲôҪô֣£
Ȼ˹һʱ벻жɣǾԼĸ֣²Ҫ곤϶Լɡ
ǵȻҾǺͽ˵һСֹһɨƷͶĳǴΡ
ϳǡ
ҹϳһֵʱ򡣡⣬ŹʵŮŮ߰ѱͬΣߵ˽ܷ乲ͬɳ
ЩǿԼԸŹ涨ǲ˽ܽӴġֻ°Ͳˡ
οͼϳǵ롭ѵôڰ칫ҵĶϳǵ롣οľˮİǴͷǽʱŵĹ̶ÿ´Ҳڷֱ׷
𰬿ġĳݡ֮һġһ顯
һοͶвǮҵΡ
ϰ塣Ŷ롣
šü˼ǲӦû֡
㶣ֻ˳ȥһš۾Ĳͷֱˣûˡ
ֲȽضЩķϻʲô¸Ͻ˵
ϰ壬ˡ
ɣ㼱ʲô
ǣðźһġ

˺ܶȫװӣѾǡΧˣ
ʲô΢Ȼ뵽ʲô
գ󲽷Ҵң϶죬ѾҲҳҰԧ졣ȷʵ涨ܷ£ֻҪ룬ҵ©ӡ
ץסϣȥһ߽䡣
ǵ곤ġʧȥտ׵ЦݣҲ
κ˲
˱ۣǸˣǶЩܿ죺곤ѡҵ֣
֮ǰѾѹ㡣ϲش⡣
ֻҪ׷Ĺң֧ɬҵͶͬ»ȡĿǮٵˣδ
곤Ĭ˻ʳ⡣
ڰСʱǰң곤Сʳ֡Ҳ֪ļ򣬡곤ҵĻᡣ
ࡣ
¥һ߶ǣһǿ¥Ļϡ
濴ȥǼ֮׵խ죬͸͸ȴܿͷԼĪߵĵ׶ζ¥
ţһתţԽԽ
Ҳǿռչһʵðˡ
ͼ¥ûʲôĿģֻǾһûһرԵͼݣȱʲôҰõĿռޣŪôһͼ¥
鼮ʵҲģҰǵľ֤ÿ¿Խ屾ͼݿûˡοҲƾοͽ֤
ΪвѾҲĹ±ͼݵ˻ͦࡣ
ͼݵر಻ΪҶϲ飬Ϊ̫ˣȡ
ǰʱ£Ұǵ轵ʮȣֱӴӵ¼ӱůģʽڣ¶ѾʮȣһڳͣǾ͵ӦԺ
ɽ֮󣬽ڼҰ˷˵ҲȵĿ֡
ͼ¶ʮȣǲòͣǿһ죬ŵչݡ
¥ȻļȥǺӲʢˡ
Ұǵĵλ治ãôȣô䣬ůͷļһ㾫һ㶼ڡ
ôȻ̭ʣĶŲΪ֪Ұܴ̤ǰߣкĽ
ֻǣҪǰߣȻЩҪġ
ô䣬ɭֵ̨ҲûȥǺӱҲ˺ܶɢˣͶˣȤ¥ϰѹڻϣŰǵڰգ
һø߿ƼҵһעߵĽڵӰдԼĴ𸴣ҳȻ˵èҲһֿ֡
è¥ôèҸ˯
ڵıʼһ໮ס
ôŸʲôèȻ׼ܶóԵĶůèˣ¥ҧСͰǣǶˣǱߵĴɨҲý˰ɣ
һϣԼʱ䡣
ƣҰһٶҵȶȶĶҪ޿ײ롣Щһռһ¥ģһһ˽ӪģģªģȵģԸģͷ˵ģͷ˵ġ
̸ڣͨ˸㲻زЩҵĺ⡣
ҵĴҵԱȺ١ϰɵ׬ǮʽͻȻҪعΣò˲м
ܻ˵ģҪԹ޵ĻͺҰɡڵʱ򣬻ƶĶ׺ҰǷ֡
¥ŰѾʧٵ޵Դֿ֡


87 
ϣҾȹ, ϣ
ϤˣժԼñ, ĬزűԵ
󲻺ڽ񣿡ߵɭҧһϸɣζġ
ʲôúڵģϴñӣǸϺˡ
ǰ, Ϊܲ, ܹܡ
ҪܣΪܹܣҹܡ
Ϻˡ, ϲΪ
ûء
˵õҲǡ˵˭ǵĵ, Ǿǹ֪Ǻ֣˵򲻴УǴˣ䲻һƤ
ɭɣʰо֣ЩСӸµս, ۾û¶öҲǵ곤, һ׵ʮüĹʡǰ᲻Լ
뵽, ɭЦˣ, ˵, ֮ǰǸҪϾɹƷ곤ļһﻹס
ƶĶĶһ, , ܾЩܴǡ
, ǰ˵ǻĶһ¡ϾʱҰ, ǰûģܺߡ
곤ĺôʵ̫ˣʲôѵʲôʵλǵ۽綼ˣ˭ЩĴ
٣ȫԱѾס
ǿ޿ʲôǰɭʮġ
ЩүС㣬ǡ
Ͱ칫ȥɭӻ֣նӡ
ǡ
һȺֵŮǶ毺ãҲЩʿһ޲ҿޣЦЦ
ǶˣʿСܻȥɭϲߡ
һǰʮ궼֣ȥʱڸʲôţɭһʳڴըľ˿ζɻҪŨ
Ͽһۣɣˣûõļ䣬ʲô
ȥʱȺСӻһŵϵʲôġ
Щ׼ǰݡ
ϧûݳɣͱһļһﶪ濴羰ȥˡ
ͼݡ
ǵĳ¥ûȵչϢյһܹһԶɾĶѶ
⻼ڲ飬򽫽һѹ¥ѰǹӶͰ
ѶԽȻ¥ҲǷչ˼鱨Դֻ֪Ϣ
⻼ָǻԭķѾɣ
ҩȼķѾѾչҪĹģˣ
¥ﲻԡ
˳е㲻ѧ
Ȼ׼ô˵أײЩˮȣʵˣ󲿷ƽѪԸܺãȻԹӦòڵ뷴Ѿ
ѹôµȼѻѾ㹻ϲûһҹ֮ʮȼֺĻ档
׼ʽʲô
ܾʲôڱ
ָѾô⻼ָʲô
¥óͨѶʻȥǼʵˣʲô֡
ǵ곤Ҽǰ֪Ϣ֪ˡ˺ܿظϢ
Ҫһ߼֧֡ⲻҪģҪǸÿṩʳռĵ֮һ
Ŷ룬˵ˣԲڱ߼ץסߣܴߡ
Ȼ϶ܽô򵥣һȷģһ¶ʲôƣ̬Ҳ߼ˣԷһ־ɱСʳ
С㣬СϺףܺ
֮ǰû£ǿˡ
Ϊңʱ
ڣǸҲЩ
ûСڿ϶ŽΪƶȱţԱ繥ơ
Ƕһۣڼ˵ԣһңңһŹᡣ
Ӧ¥𣬽ڽͣͶ磬Ҷ׼ϯ
浰ôһ˷Լܶһ㣬ô
¥ҧŰǣӲͣתţҪ˿̲Ҫ֤ԼǿģҪһṩʳĵı̥ҪѾôһԴḻ
СӵйغԴͺܺʡ
֮û֣һΪĿⶼעűڰϷѡе֣ⱻԼץסѱ˵ǹȻΥǼԼ
ôңǵ˻ҲԼȡ̫սȥᱻ͵ҡ
弶Ǹ߼һ־ĨһôҲ߼ϡ
Ϊֻ߼˴Ԫ롣ڰϷֱĴڣǾżĽ
ڵ˻ӵ»ֳ󲿶Ҳ׼ǽ衣
Ҫ鷳ע£κα仯ҡ߲ƣҲ׼
ϵ󣬳¥Ҫóһǣȴ˿գ˼ǡ
Խ̬ԽҪ侲಻ϡǲûлᡣ
¥Ǻ֪ѾѵڣһһͿأڶϣҪµĴۡ
Ҳϲս
ȻŵʡһǾ̽˫û˺Ƥ
¥û˵׽ڵ˼
ڰϷʵսḻңǱĵ𣩣ѾĻΣԾԾԵľ
Ӧģʣµֻˮڱ
ֻ˼ؿŶ棬ڵͷ
вӡԨͳһı仯ʵ֤֢ǿȷҲõ˷չνǿϢϢء
Ѿ߱Ҫľʱ䡣ʱԽãԽ
ʱһһȥٽŵ㣬ݵ˽ɢȥϲ͵ĵҲҲˣŵǾƹݿŵʱ䡣
ʱϸϢһ˼ʹ¥Цģ
¶ڰͨǲ֪ģҰǵͨˣĵ곤ɬ鳡顣
ЩŮŮ΢ʣֻǲ˵δ곤ѳɣ˸ġ
֪곤ǿ󣬵֮ǰҰǾӡʵǡˡֱӡо޴仯
곤ǺˣһԾŶĳҰʳĶˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵һ¡
ȥ˰칫ϸϸ˵жľ
ΪҰǰǵ·̣жҲû¶κηж쳣˳ûκԱͲʧ
ȻøлЩȫװľֵܣЩĴҲǳصģû㱾治¡
Ұ´ССɬ鳡ˣµĺʹֶץЩүСͳһץ칫Ҫн˼ûŤ֮ǰùŬϻҹУ
ưǷһʣ֪ͨˣ£֮ø
ϳҲһ飬ڰҵ˼˶еĿ˺ԱΪΪԴᷢ䣬û뵽ǵһùѪͷġ
ȻΪ˸棬Ǳнȥġ
һֻһĳԼȥʻ£ͻȻϲӡ
ɬΪҪĻͬĸߵǴ˸һٻȫˣ˾ûôˡ
ñ˵׬ǮȫջأǮѾõʲѺ㡣
ҵ˻ýȥֹ
ЩץͶĵʱй̣һϤҲ죬ȺŮ˾ץϹˡ
Ƕڰ칫ѹѹһȺһš
ԼԸ׬ǮЩ߸ϵĹʲôΪʲôҪҵ⣬һҸޣ
毺õŮ˷ŭسŹԱ¿ˮǰûеȵȡڸҪ
Աۣ
ҰǵĹ涨ƶҡһɡסŮ˵Ŀˮ¥֪ʲôʱԱ
Ӧú޳Ҿǳ


88 
곤Ůס
, ĹԱļ򣬵ȱĹԱ黺˲˵Һġ
곤֮ǰ¿ˮŮ˿¥ǻ˸ˣګګ, , Щɫ
Ұϲ곤Ĳ, Եײʵ̫, ϲ, Բλ಻ҿ
ԭúͲгһĴҲ
Ƕǹüë󺰴, Լץ˷߰, 곤һ¶, Щ˶侲
ǲҰǵĹ, ȴԸ˲һĵ곤
곤ʲôȺ˷, ҰǺϷһٶƤ, Ϊʲôͳ˲Ϸģ
еĴ˸ûб, ҲûֲҵߡֻҪ, ׬ȡʿǮ, мֿסջ
ûκ¡
¥, ֮ڴҵмְͣҵĴڣȺ壬Щϣòͨ˴ȥΣա
һеĲֻòˣҲһЩûܵͨꡣֶ, ֻԽԽ͡
˵ΪԽ׵Ʒ, ĿӾܿһ, ЩԴֻʱǻӵϡ˾óԼɣЩ߸Ǯأ
µɲɡ
ѹȡ
ߣȴƾףŮ˺һͷɴڸǡȻԼĹվǲʣ߸ϵˣЩûʵĻҪôǾҪôǾģҲǾ
ЦţԹ޵˻ơ
ԲҵĴ˳ӦñЩĴ
¥ĵǸɴ䣬Ůһʱٸн
곤ΪǡԱֹ䣬ͱͬס졣
꣬ˡ
΢侲һЩ¥żղŵĻ⣺ΪûмʱעǵĴѾǴԸܴϼӴ䷢չ
֪ǵĹǣ·ףٴȴѡ
ȻʱôںЩϻ΢Ѻһ㣬ϰ廻ǮҪعͨҲҪһЩ
µķѾ˺Ӫ򷽡ṩصˣһʲôݡ
µĹ
ʵҰ¿๤͵λȱˣȱϸģᴦͻ״ˣҲȱܳԿ͵סįˡ
Ů˺˳¥˼޷ţ̲סҪţ˼ǣǿԣ
¥¶ЦôԣǶԼû𣿡
עӵ˲죺ЦҲ̫ˡ
Ǳ߹Ա뵥ʮȥĵλԼȥÿλҪеޣҪҲһҪμӾҵǰѵȻ¼
ȡɣ
ѾĶͷֲ˼ؿڣ곤˵˵ⶼʲô
¥仰ʹǹǣֺϸϸЩס
಻̫ҪְҵʵȻܸߣʽԱһбϡһСʱƣݶӰ࣬ʱ䰲ҲѺá
ԭ겻ȺǱߣèһúܹ˳վԶģҲŽŶ¥
˵ĲҲЩ𣿡һԵĹԱֱίˣǰȰȰ죬ҲȰǸΪʲôǶҧгݣŵ곤ȴ񿴵ĸĳ
ϻǵ곤𣿵곤˵óõδʧҲǣ
ԱԱգ
ʵǵ곤ҲֻЩܾȵ˽Žɡ¹δ֮ǰҰǵĹҲûиʲôӡŵƵ˲١
ֻԸ곤һΡ
¥Ҳ֪һ㣬ֻǺʹǿֶΡ֮Ұǽž䶬׶Σ㹻ʱӦ
ǻϵ룬κֱϵ¥
κ˶ǿǣԻ߱ȥвǡסˣǱҰǷ棬ҡҲﻹбҸġ
ۡ˱⻰֣̲סЦ
¥ûʲô˲ĸ˵ĳŵֻǱ֤ǴӴ˲Щֺǵвȣ˵в衣
͹ˡ
Щڵײ㣬οɫܿ곤Ŀûһ˿ĳª߸߸ϵı
ЩΪʲôǶˡ
֮ǰװͰ͵Ůһμ곤ʱ
꼾һҹ۵ˮζζζһİζ곤Ÿ˿ܻ˳
ҿش𶼴Сģ
ȻúܴеúףԼֻ֪һɫԱԼµĹﻹǴԱ߳ܡ
ҿһټʱ򣬿Ŀ𣿡Ů룬ץסһ뵥
ҵתе¾Ϊʹ˻⡣עҰǵ֪Щ¡
곤ʲôһԼҲû棬尡
ƶĶ׬ǮҵٹһרҵΪ֧һ֮ҪƶĶЦأ϶Ŀġ
Ҷˡ
㶮ʲôˣ
֪곤ĿˣΪ

нֹֻ´ִܱУʸ˵Լƿط
곤жƶĶʵ̽󡢰ҰǹԼȷԼҰǵλá
ϡ͵Щ˵ĶԾͶϡ

棬ǲˮֵرִˣ˵ʲô˵곤һЩĿܣʵȨġ쵼
ԣҰǣʵȴѹһ̨ѹסЩҰĲĹȻεˣǳһ˵䡣
Ұǵˮ
ȿȿȣ
¥Žڵļ磬ȵᶼҪˡ壬Ȼһ˵ǺҺû˿
ҽúܺðɣĹҪĹˣҪȶĹŽڵĲӻΣǵûһ϶
ӵĳ¥Ǳ˿ġǿ󣬳侲ġ곤ΪҰһΣǳ¥һ֣ȴȫ
ҰǿԴչˣСĿɡ
ǴһСڶĤĦֵý˰ߣ۾Ȼļȴȫô佱Ļ
¥ֻһֱֺܿƺһӦøʲô
ҪҪߣ
һõȴԵ̫󡣽۽⿴˿֮ľ룬һôô
Ȼ¥ֿǰƴľĴ磬ᵽůůĹǵ㡣
˯һ
һΪ˯𣿡
¥ļ磺Ϊ㣬ľͰ
ڤĹԱ͵͵ſ̽ͷǰԵӺҰǵĹԱ࣬ǵ­ƵѾӡڰڤתм񡯣ȻתǵʲôϵˣʲôԵ塯
ʲôֵܱ˺֣
һ֮伸Եϵɻ˻߳С
ϲ𣿡ԶĺҹŮеʧе档
ֻǲ²⣬²⡣æɹջظе㻳µԨԾûڸᣬоټ
ʵܶŮϲһ¸ͱ˦˭Ҳ⡣
ǲܵġ̲ס廰
;һ֣ܿƻᵯٳ裬裬۵黰ȫľϲǰڤֻ޾ĹŸű˪
ȼҹ䣬ûĸܵˡ½ۡ
顣
1
2
׷׷˻й996ϰĲ
ߡֵ­ͻȻһ䲻г

ǡ
ˣ

ڵļܵһѹзǳĴСͷܿһѩ͸۽ëɵش
ûתͷôһؿûһҳļ
һˣ֦ͬ͸ò
һ


89 
ͻȻɨ, ҰǸɫҵ˶ܾ裬µ곤ͻȻʲô뷨
Ȼ֮һȴ, Ҳǡ
ԭ֮ǰźݻҲԹ˲Ͼ
ԾԾԵû, ԼڲķѾѾǽͷö
ϢĽҲʲôչڲìܱоҰ
֮ǰѻ̫࣬Թ̫أķѾԭƵ, 뱾ûƽֳµķѾ
ԭͽŵս͸ţһȥĲӶһЩ˲ߡ
ԼڲѾ׺ﲻһ, ʹóʱɱһü졣
ⶼԼ, Ѳɻȫɱꣿο⻹ԼĵϣʧĶԼĲƲԴţӼǣס
϶Ҳ֪¡
¥˽, ڽ׼֮佨ռǽϢǽֶκЧͨ˶Ը߲ûôԹڷѾһô˾档
ô˵Ǻ¡⼸һ꣬ﶼ¡
ûʱ£ҰǵҲˣѵõĻᰡ
¥óСٺԶҡˣѩ𣿡
Ұǵ, ĳС
¿˼С, ǸƷ̫ˣֻҿ, Ҳûʲô, ˼, խСطɡ
һҹ洦ɼվ伣Ҫô˹ҪôԼ˸廧Ҫôҵ˱ĳ·ûٻȥǸְҵġ
ӵ˲ĵضţ뿪С
ֳֺɡĳ¥վѩС
ȵţҡͷĹ涨ϷˣҪҴ̼
ֻΪ̼ΪУͷĳ߶ôˣܶƷˣǸǵࣿ
ṩľ̫ˣ̫˽ࣿ
¥΢˼һ£ϧ˼ͱݮǶס˼
ôǣֵ
ڤǹų¥Բ۾ڲһ䣬ϲ
ϲǵĺڰϵлл㡣
뿪С˽ѩɢ컹ûڣСʳû˳̯壬ֻмѩѩĵڴµĵطѾ½˱
ȴ⣬򿪱±Сĵˮûڻ۽ëϵĺ˪Ѿšϱ±Žĺ档
Ĳ㣬ѩǾ磬վȻ𾴡
ѩ·ϣŻǺܲȫ綼ѩӡˣ̳ǰããһƬ
һȦˡ
һ㡣
ܲ˴Ŵźۣ۾ȴŹ⡣
ཡ֪Ѿߵɭ֣
̨ƺվһˣûйҲشĿѩ赲
ͣһ
㿴ǺЩԲһˡûʲôϲġ
ֻһ˵ľǷʲôǿߣˣ뿪֢ѾˣҰٲǷӡǵĵط¥ɡߣ˵Լ˼Ǻľ
ҰǶѳһƬãʱҲѾסŲƽ˾ȥתת
ͣסŲĸǣ
ȥǼʡ
Ǳ߱˵˶Դƶ񤣬ռ似ղʱŶࡣ㣬ѡչʲô
ҵ
ڵĴó¥Цۡ
ҵҰǵչعҵеѣԱȻṤҵΪȻҪ·ΪʲôһҪĸأҪʽǼģԺ򽻵Ļˡ
вڣѾΪҰǿôԶˣ
ԶǱн¥ЦӦѹܱߴĹҡڲƶĶѾĹ͹Ӫҵܽ󲿷˵Ĺ⣬ȶĿһ£ȶ㣬ҲῼǺ·
ԼĴ𰸣˳ų¥˼·˵ҪΪǼƷӦ̣ڵ໹С˾ãõ׼ʸ֤
ţγţ׼Ǹһ¾ƾʲôǼż
߳ɭֵķΧڲƲһ䣺Ǻæ
ΣǣǼʣ
侲ζѡλĳ¥ůůĺ裬֮ǰֶ鷳ò״ˣȥɢɢ𣿡
ǣȥǼɢģ
Ұǵ¡
µˡ¥Զ׼ĺ飬ʲôҡǣҪǻᡣ
ǣҪ˭᣿ʲô᣿
綼Բǵ곤һٸӣǹǷֳɱҲǡĸȺ𡣵곤Ǹ뻯ĺӣԣְ޷
ֵĺӱѸˣΪӶʱ޼ɵ
ܣҡ
ʱúÿǡйѣװԼ׼Ըμӣμǰ񽻽ӡ¥䣬һ
ֱήĺڰٺתһ£ͺִ΢紵¥ǣ΢΢̡
ʱ䲢֪ͨϢԶĿ˹ʹҰǹĿ˹֪ˡ
ϣܼУԵĻٴˡ
ҲǲУⱾҰǹڲԲ̫
˫˻һܡ
ӭǴͥǮλʲô˵
˹ûôǮԴûϵйңҪҰǸùϵԻǼҲôһȤ
е곤ӣŻܰȫ
ԼˡѺú󣬿˹ΪˡһĻǹҹСŶӡ
ѾȷΪˣ˹Ϳ˹ˡ
ҰҪȥе곤ֵܣɿɺҽƲԩָԺʮӡ
־ͽʮӣƽʱиԺͿˡ
жһ˵ĽҪľ磬ǼǸʺϵĵط
п͵¡ʵ͵±μӣģҰǡ֪˹ˣζҪһ
ԩء
ľķչϵμӵÿ˶ԼĿꡣǺܿʱ׼ԼҪһУõķĳЩԲɼ豸߼豸ȵȡ
ֻе곤ֵܣʲôû
곤ҪҵĶһݡ˹óõķ
ΪڳǮͬʱڿƼǰߵˣķѾֲϱʽĻǴʮֿŵһڷеĽװ档
¥ûнܣˡ
˹Щʧ곤׼ʲôǼʿɲǺôĵط
ͷҰǵĹ𣬿͵»ǲ˼䣬øСһúҪи
ʲôǻ˵곤ڣ»һ̧žͻˣɭߣȥʲôӣСطɵˡ
ʵϺµĹǶûȥǼʣȥĲҰǡ
뿪ҰǶ٣˵ȥǼΣյĵط
¥Ǹѷ֣̲סͷʽڣǲǸǣǴžƹػǼͦģ
ⲻ˵￴Ц
ЩµԼˣŻо¥˵ζ
Ǿͳˣ˶ڴͧԿԽǼʵ豸ǳ¥ǽƹݡ
ľƹݺ֮ܰе㰵ŵķ϶ж©⡣
ſ˹Ϳ˹ʮ豸ӾͼССľƹеƣ˲ơ
Ҫȱˮ𣿡
곤ʱˡЩͲסӡ
ðɡѾ÷ȫװˣ¥̯̯֣ѾƹݵŴ򿪡
ĪոչϵţͻȻҪ򿪡ûɣп͵߳š
һĹ⣬͸ǵ


90 
ε, εΡĹ⣬⡣
ǶڵƵӽӴĤƺ, ǵķ͡
, һһĺ
ǰʲô
ޱ޼ʰǵĺɫص, ǴСС·ħʶʵơ
ӴĹХŴͷһͻȻ򿪵Ŀռ, һʧǰ
Ǻӻʣǵ, ˵
ĳ˲͵ٴ򿪣һС
ǻ, ȥĸάȵĿռ䣿͵ĶĤ΢΢, һŵԹһϵеķֱӹǶ
˶תͷ̨ǰˮˮǸ, ֻûдκη豸
ؿµγһƬ΢⣬ʧЧʧЧ·ŴҴ
Цӯӯ, һĬΪһȵˮˮΥѧʶȻ
ͺǻҰǡ
͵Ǻ, Ǵδ֪곤ͨˡ
ˡ
¥΢΢, ǳǱԶһװֵܡǱʶҪ, Ҫ
ʵ΢⽫Ǹ, ССľƹƺѳ硣
곤˹, ƽ, ϲַѵĸо
ͨ, ߵȼĿƼ䵽͵ȼǼһǲͬάȵĿռӶɵתվƿλǸߵȼȨ
ʵĳ֪ģҪһáֱӽߣҲܽߡ
Ǽʲںɱ˷Ż𣬵Ʊᱻ׷ɱĵϡ
¥˫ˮžΥĻǼʡ۾͸۾ܿıһؽĿռߡ
һռһռŵľջ£ɫ⣬ԶԶȥΪǽ̻
ģ޴ĸγƯ
дλҲע
εǵأѹÿһƤϣϵÿһ𶯡һܻһ磬¥ס֣ǿزתߡ
ǻڡʱ䡯ڵչ·޴ˮĸ͸չԶչһζοռγɳƮ
ڸγȻУǸоϢ
۾޷磬ȼҲ
¥Ȼ֡ļ¡ĸо̧ͷ˫Ŀǰž棬αָս
ԭӦÿģĳ˲䣬·ͨ¥۾ʲô
ؿڵĺڰϷڷת¥ͷȻŶҲһչ
һְֻ
ڳ¥ֱϣڸӣ޷˵ת֮䡣
¥۾źģ
սָҪ޼һˣϿҧ¥ӵ
һڸ֮̾
ûлͷҲûӡǿƵĵ곤һ̬ᱧŸĺڵ곤
ڵĶ΢΢죬ڵƹ³Ѫ
죬ݡ˿ٰǵ֪Ҫ̽ʲô϶ܼ
ռ䲨ƵӦкܶʱս㡣
¥ûдߴ٣̽ͼ¼ҲӦֱ仯
лл곤˶л˸лͣлǴ˵ĵط
ҿҲûͳһȥں¥顣
ں
ɿʣںʲô
ǼʺӪҲϢԴ࣬ҵĵطΪټԸߣܶ˵ĵһվںںں༯е㡣˵Ĳǳ¥Сܲÿ˹Ǽ֮ǰҲεġ
ܶߵڻǼʿԼλ棬Щλ˲̫Ѻã룬סںȻΣգ˵ѺáߵСϺײȤ˹䡣
˲ǳפսսʿ֪Ķ١
¥ͷû˵ԼѾＸʮλ涼һȦ
ͳһ󣬾ƹſڵľתãһĿռŤ޺磬ͣסˡһ޴ĺɫǰ
ûӦƹֻԼ׹׹䣬ԶɫĻ仯һƬĽĲǹ˸
ںǺһ޴Ŀϵĺɫ䡣Ļ䶯ţÿһƬ涼ĽһƬ޷κι⡣
һرĲϣڵʣչߣԴĸǶȿǺɫġһƬޱ޼ʵĺɫȺǺںֵ
ںûй⣬ںĹԴĵĵطǼСС̫С̫Ĺ£ƺʲôںɫĽȺ֮ƶ
ԭǸǻЩͬڵۣŴŷЩֱ¶ڿ
ƹѾںں棬ľƵһڵĽиˣ·ĸ嶼ͷںطɫɫĽܿ챻٣ľݲ֪ܴڶá
վľҲͱһ𱻲鿴ˣĪľȡ
곤
ƹݻͣ죬ҿɻҲԺһ𡣲ѡ񣬶עⰲȫּһ䣬ôԭʼʱذףҲһܴ̽˵塣
¥Ѿмƻ
һ£Ұǵѡ͵곤һж˹Ϳ˹˷ֳһϵˣԼһ곤ߡ
ʮˡҲаɡ¥Ŀ߳ƹݣƹݵĴԶرգӰζƹݾôʧǰ
Ÿ˵ͷҴ뿪ǻǧٹֵУ¥һߡ
ΪĿǺɫ·ڵģԸʲô𡣵Ƕγ¥ҲûҪȥ
ţһرСе壬Ƭںɫı˸ʯĹ
ûϸһȺɫ͸ʯʸеġˡ߹ʯˣһģɣ
ЩǰֻͼƬƵеߴУҰǵĹʮָӵ顣мзк桭
ЩʵҲעȺˡ
ϾǼʻʹҲرʷС
డЩԼеķʽݺڰϷͣڻǼʵĹעȲСϳС׼Ǽ
úܽǼ˰ɣ
˵ã֮
ͣ
¥һ˲ɵǿԸоЩ˻ǣǵߺͱ鶼˵һС
˵ʲôǳЦ𣿡üͷ壬ʵƫȫûСҪͷ˳߸̧°͡
û¼ԣǿǵҺܲϲɿЦеģϿϲֻϤ˾衪ϰ岻ӣһס
߼ķܷ벻ͬԣûװָ߼ԴķֻܷʮֳĹٷԡ
¥ʵû˵κλ
ⲻ׼ǼҪķ˵עΪǿһʵ硣
һǰڣеλá


91 
ǵĵһվȥĵطн
̫С, û˽ǷΪһͶǺܻӭЩ˲ǼͶı, ˶Ϣġ
ӵԸӵΣĹ
һȺࡣн̧ͷڴĳ¥ˣţûɫ
ƤֻĴ۾̽ȥ, ǵһһް㾫µҲǡɰ, èܿɰһ
н, һ׼ǼͳǼǻ塣ѾܽӵõĹ, ûпֻܽЩ˲Ҫġ
, Ϊ˵Ĵ, ΣյнĹÿжʱڲ黨˹źһ㡣
ойˣҲע⵽˸ոսĳ¥, ҷϢ˾, ѯںǲͬ硣
Լ£Ϊͬṩһġ
ûյ룬ǲ֪Ĵڣȥ˾ظԽ磬ԽҪ, ޷ȥ
Ұһ˻ſڹ۲, ￴˺ܶ, ڰǾ
ⲻָָ״̬, һǰҰ, ʱҰƺҲǲ, ϰںڰ, ˶Ƕġ
Ǽʵ״ƺ̫ãͻȻжϡ
곤˹ʲôʱܹգǸĹӸ磬ʣ谵ЩƳĻ롣
ҹĵطû֤Ҳû㹻ǿԸƸ࣬ǺںںȥһЩȥֲôԼ۱ȼ͵Ĺ
ںǼʺĴӪҲǸּùʵתվҪͶĵط١
Ȼ͵ʱ꼰׼ֻ͵ĶԴΣԣҪýȡʡ
ҲΪǿҵһЩļϢ˼㸶޴ۣкܶѡںںӡ¥˵
ȻﲻΪҹҪõķĸǴķںܶλ治á
Ժʮ°ͣҰǡԭҰǡ
û˵ҲоֹϤˡ
ɫתվæͼùĸΣʣӴڴͶĽ׺Ϣֱͨӡ
ǲһҰٶ࣬Ųͬ塣ֻͬͬģˣ޲ðƤѪ¥˵
ָ˺ںĺǿɲҰǵĹƣ˵ֻǺĲġ
û˵꣬һĲıɫʯƤ嶪һŭɹ̨ен飺ܽģ˶һͼȻҲФǼҵС

нһһؿ
ԭֳԹϲԣȫǻԡ
ͼ壿һﲻɲҰǵĹǺùµˣ˿̻̲סŭֵ
Ҳ֪ﲻԼ̣˽óȻ֡
ֻг¥һ˺棬ĻʯƤơ顯Ķ
ֳ붼¶ˣǶܺͬɷֵĿɣ
ﻹкͶ飬ͻ飬飬԰Լġڸ֪ɻ˵һ䡣
Ϊʲôǵ԰棿¥ʶʣڿײ
ڣ
¥
ڣ֮ȡȽϹ㷺
¥Ŷ
ڼһؿ֮ķչ¥վˣִڽڵļϣҲվøֱ˵㣬
ͺܺá¥ֻһ˵ǻѾǲ֦ԸҲЩͬһģκ˶޷˴˰ǡ
ھԼıСëˢһ£е
࿴⣬ܹ˲٣ûзʯ˵Ļ
нĴǣճһֽֽôдţܹ¼
ֻǸͷԵССм̣帺Щ
нʾΣʯԽӷŭҪЩŭйҰϡ˺أٱһ٣㲻Ҫ
ͬںںסˣ˱Ǹ졣
ֻϲһ˰ˣûʲô˺˵顣ǲˣһѾйڻɱ𣿡
˹ʯ˵ֱۣʯһ£ȴã࣡
࣬ɱҵͬսɱ˲壬ںһ
ʯ˲һģű˹סͬһʯ˾ͳ
нüҪװãֻˢһ£ЩķȺȻֱóǹСͺڶƻн鴥ϵĿžһڵϣóǹʯҲˡ
ûǰ˵һʱԼĸ߼ĺɫ⣬ǣѹȸʮ㡣
ʯһӣֶ˶ȺഩãȴƻԵǹİɣ
ɣ
ļһ
ǹʯ˳Ƿ¥ҪԽԽƫֱӺǲ֮ǹڶ׼һֵ塣
ɣ͵ЦЦʲôЦ
ָŵ壺
Դĳ¥ˣ
Ҳʵ
Ӳӣʯ˲òʱԼķŭһϢ࣬ҾǸ
ֵ壬Ų뿪
¥˼Яı˳ֽˡ
ллЩ˵͸ıĤΪɷѸ״
㡭¥ôʡ
˰ΣſЦҵȷǺ֮Χˣ˵Ǹոںİɣǰûм
㶼
˵ȫ󲿷ֶʶоתؿ𣬡ҴںںܾõйرʣûСϻΪصƻԵ϶Ǹոմĸǹġ
ںЩҪװܱʹáЩȴһһԭװģ϶Լġ
ĸôΪĸĵһ˶ȡ
áڳ壬¥˵Ѿ㡣
á
ոǸʲôģȶԸҲ̲סҪһ
ǻ֮һǽǾ壬һмĳ塣ǰʹǵķŻ¼Ĺٷԡ
ĳ壿ˡɿһ֡
Ǽʷ̫ã˽Ҳ࣬˵ĳ塯ɾ֪ˡǴžһĳɲࡣ
ѹϹѿʯһ
ΪԼĺӺ͵ļĳĺӣιǳһرĿĩ
ַĩĳĺȫԾĸòӲҲǲ㡮ʯ
ַ˹̭θ̺ͼĳ̡ȻĳҲڽǽģݵĩ
ѾǶ¼ǧˣڿƼİ΢гһ㡣ǶΪ߻ȫ֮ͨûʲô
ʵɿɸλС飬¹£Ǳסûʡ
֮ǰĻ⣺ʶںںĴ󲿷ࣿôʶģ
๤ᣬûȥǿ⵽۰ȫӣ֪λȡʣ˭ƣҹ١в֮ô졣
˵Ļᡣ
˵ͻȻǰЩȫЯЩר۸С壬ԿĲ֪˭
תĿģ﹤ã
ǹ˾֯ĹУ漸ͻȥ
䣬Ѷ䶼ˣ˵ʲôʲô


92 
ĸǵǼ, ͷ͵һΣأҪһСġ·ѡ
꿴Ⱥ˻ܴ, ǿ϶Ǹ޴۲ʹġ
ԭҲټÿҶԹŶǼ, ͽںΪУΪ鱨
˵ʲô
Σ
ߣ
Ƿ𣿻Լˣ
˺˵Ĳô
˭ڸʲôѧС
ãǹĹ, Ǹں𣿡һֱûϷݵĹǸлվ, ʲôҪǰæ𣿡
һ·ڣЩе, ׼ԺҪǵʱ, ̬ȸ֡
᣿ʲô
ƺʶˣͺ, ҳ˽, ǹԼ֯, йЭᡣǹĹ, ֪ҵ۵ĳⷿ
ʵѾע⵽ðĹ, ´һжΣԣ״̬û⡣
һͨ꣬Ƥ״̬Ǻܺ, ͷûκζ, ֻĳǶȿԿһ͸Ĥ, ϵķȽ
͵ſԴŪ׷ɿüҡ
ĹҲˣڻǼʵ˴ù޸ҩһԭģôϳҵģ
ʲôԶ׼ı־
ʵûʲô־ֻҰҺܶ࣬Ǽ˾ֱܷҵϸ΢ͬкڰϷڣҵ̬ͨ˶ǲһġ
ڰϷѹҲᣬпܰһԭȵĽ׼Ӵ߲εĴڡ
ǵҰĺϣ
ںҶ𣿡¥ʡ
ͦ࡭ʶشڻشһʱ졣Ƕ࣬ҲʲôϢ
¥̧°͡
Ϊҵǰǡѿڶġͦ࡯Ӳû졣
֪Ƿ֪౾һı仯ߴϢ˵ҰǵĻᡣ
ͷ֪ȥݷùĳԱȻͣʱ䲻ܳ룬кܶ໥ͨ޵Ļᡣ
֪Ҵȥɡ
һֱ״Ŀ˹ɻؿһۣȴȿһǰһվĳ¥ͽڣֶһķΧÿ˹Ĭ˻
û˵ʲôĵַܡ¥ǶԹȤҲϵȤ
׼ǼҪ㣬ûӲһɲСǶϰߴǿȥ̸⣬Чرá
ΪӵеҲ󣬶ʱǱˡǻ˵ʱ࣬û
ʲôǮţ塣
СҲûϡ
ͬ࣬ѺûӦõġ˹ȻͻȻôͰףҰôô⡯
ɿʶ곤곤ûתͷֵܿɿɣſ˵֣
Ҳǿ˹ͻףһḷ̌ǰս׾ǹ𷢼ҵģȻϺ׬ǮĻ϶ǰߡ
ɿɵ˾񣺿˹л׺;еҰҲкöʱȷռչȷ
ɿ¿͵£ʾ⣺ʱҡ
Ұǵһһ˾Ҳܿˡ̻
ҵ곤ܴžƹһգ۰͵⣬ôԺǳֿǼʵʱţҲǲܡ
ⲻʱ˺
ǾͿʼźۼ˵ûҴ̽Ϣˡ¥һ̬Ѻãֲʵ˵˼䡣
ԼãһĥƲϢ
Ǹʵˡɿһסʱܿˡ
ںںֵطֲܴô꾭Ӫղٺߵﻹкöġ
ֻ뻻ɸԼ۱ȵĻߴ
ЩûϵǸ
źںϢ֪ͨĸǵļʱ׬һʡ
Ӧý˫ӮϾĸǣҲûбȸŸľеûбҰǸõĴռչļǿ۾ҵ곤
֪Լ͹Ѿ˷ʸкͬ磺
λں֪ҵסĵطûУ
ǳڣ췿󣬲һˡ
ںÿʱֹ⳱ҫѸ˥ϣʱҪĽչĲϡ
Щû˵ֽģеϵȻͬ࣬ǻṩıǮƷҪԼеˣǹҲ˵ˣ׶׳𣬻ǾӦĻС
ںӣס
ʱ⳱£˵ǼиرĵطĹһգ˾ͻ˲˥ϣ
ʱָ⳱Ծֲʱ䣬ǿѸ˥ϵЧ
ǰߣܲʵ飿
öʵ鶼Ҫʱ䣬ʱʮͶȥȴһ
ǺߣҲܺԭĳ˲ܲƵһ԰ഺɱ
뷨Ļһÿ˵ĵһӦǡô󣬺𣿡˹ĥˡ
¥ϸţǳںûбЩϡŹֵĶ嵽ôѧ֣Ϊο
С£Сſ¡
֮ǰ˵
ȴ֪Щﶼʲô뷨ΪǺ棬ϸϸ֮ɫġʱ⳱˵һ顣
ʱ⳱ǼС̫ÿôΣҵĹδӹԴɢɢںÿһ䡣
־ҵĹͷϣѸϻĹȻЧҲһñ䵽Ķʱţ˿չĲϡ
ֺֻɫĲϿȫʱ⳱Ӱ죬ͬʱҲ޷жܵܵ˺
˵оر缸и߼оˣڵ̫࣬ȻѾһЩԭҪȴܵġ
ûкںҲûĺǡ
оֹǸĹȡµ֣ˡ
ˡ˵ĺںͳ˻Ǽʵλһһεʱ⳱޷ֲֳͬߵĵطפݣ֮ЩòҲûŴҲ߽γĺں
ҪڻǼʴһأںпܵĵط
ɿɵĬĬЩϢ£ĹںںĻ⡣
ںΪƶΣղűģûʲôι۹⡯ȥһҲΪĳЩϢ߲Ϸ⡣
ĵȻǸͨ
ǳȥһҪǼһжЩͨ׼񣬳ĵߡȻںôǶõλ棿Ȱ档
֪Ϊʲô˲Ұǵλе㱻Ӱˡ
ǰָͨҪʲô
ǻ˻Ǽλ£ܿϧںںϰĴڣÿһ¾ĥôҳԵġ
Ҳףûжپȥ˽ܱ߻֮¡˵ϢͨԺںĴҲһ֪⣬λ˽ⲻ
ʵҲԽԽ齩ӲɶԴȺǸĻе⣺ͬλɫֵһľɫɴʢ䣿Ⱥôһ
Σܡ
ֻһԵ걶ˣȺεģǹѣ
ûʲôϢѵһΡ
ɿüԭ֪ԷˣôһźģǺܲ˺øеģϧûʲô˵ˡ
֪ʲô֪һλϢԱߺȻһ


93 
һתͷͿһƤΪ͸ɫ, Ӧԣźɫһĳë
ˣһɳĮе塣
ëһ״, һȻĻƷʹٽƤϵҩ
˵жʱǱȦ, רȡ״ʡ۵ƷˣǲŰҩ˵Ĵ
˺һֻ׼Ǽ, һߵĸ, Ǹӻ, ͬʱҲܰ
ͬʱҲһЩ׬ȡ㡯, ԻǼǴڡ
ι˭ͻȻ廰ģǳ, ˶ëĶ֮ǰǸҲ¶⡣
һֱԴƶĻУԸͣǿ, ǺܺõĿҪۻͣڵͶгһֱľߡ
һգۼͿ߹ϵһѯʳ¥ҪҪ棬Ͼһࡣ
¥ȴ, ֮ԲֻǾߡܸһǺαŵͶгţ෴, ȫƸ˰
ûʲôϵġ
¥û˵ǽ¥Сƺ, ɫľƺڵƹɢ˹
ֻ˾ᡮⲻǵ곤ǴӲľƺ𡯣˶˼ڲìܡ
ҪʲôɿΪѯ, ɲǺɵ⡣
ѯ, еż, Ǳסˡ
ҪʳʳҲӵʯͷθʳ˵ζ
ǿɿó˼Ӳıɡ
ǻûĴѾͨܿռչƳѹ͵İ
ǲģҲûбʵۻ󣬵ѾĸЩ˿ܵݳƷ
ɿɵˬ˺ܿģǼɣ¶۵ı顣
ں޷κζǳԵõĶ磬۸쳣߰鿴ͨѹɣܻȡµ۷÷á
Ҫ˸ϢֵǮҪһٲɣݺݵ롣
֪֪Ϣѹ˶֪ìܣΪԼѡȡļƷ͸ƷǺڰϷһʣüƻ仯
뵽Щʡȫͱס޷չԼ֪ʲôʱлǼУȴôˡ
ɿɵû뵽֪Ϣû˰ԼļϣǶܶ˵ס
˿˰죬ûЩǱҲǶ壬ֻһ˵
һͬڡǡ˵ķѾӵˡȻûȷеϢʱȷʵ˺ܶˡ
˵ȥǣ˭Ҳûкѯʻ߷Ӧҡ
֣Щ˲
ѵǾԼ̫ңԶе㿴ںܼ
顣¥û棬ĵʣأ
ʲôû˵ֻǲﭹ
˴˸£һߵЩ࿴֮ǰô̡Ļᶯ֡
֮˵Ϣƶǵԣδ֤
ЩѾ⣬ҲͲЩϢǷʵ
ԼĶ͸ɾ˾Ȳˣ´ȥĸ˵ǹ߻
֮ǰǾһѵҲоЩ²СˣһθлһµַҲˡ
ʱɿɵѾȥнѯԽӵ񡪡ϣȡӵеԴ̫ˣ΢һĹֲǡ
Щ߲ѣԼͬǰЩӡҰǵλΪ⣬ҰһǰҲЦ硣
Ұȫûͬ˼Ǵз̻
ӵд๤ߣ߸ǿװȫȥӹʸߵĹҿˣЩҪ󲿷ǿġ
¶Цݣš
Ҳ˸֮ǰ˸ϢڷѾ¡
곤ȥ𣿡
ȥںĹᣬ׿õķһеʱ⳱ͻϢȫŵ¥׼żƻ¡
ȷһĿⲻֻͣϡǻ˽ǼĵطȷҪʱ䶼ϣ¥ʡ
ɿ˼صͷˡ
Ҫ̫࣬סεġ࿴ļǡ
ģ곤Ϳǵ˾£ôboss
ԼǿûҲ
ֻԼˣܲηκ
¥Щ¶ɿɣҰǶ̫ϻһ£ûҪӡҿɿֻ
ɿأΪʣе곤֧֣ҲԸ¡
Ҫ鷳һˡɿɶ¶ЦⳣûŮԵ˻ͨ졣
ֻû뵽Լ˲ڹĴ½ƶߵܼȺ߽խС๤ڣ๤ͱѰһƷˡ
죡
Ӧ飬֮ǰǵĸǴ󺰣ſģЩһﲻмԹص˶֡
Ȼ¥һȫûſĵ˼˲ˣֻԼȶ£СȰһʱ
̿СϺT˽Բε̨๤Ĵţֻ۾һתһתʽǹ֧ſ͵µš
ǹ֧ɺĹ⣬һεӵҪ
䴩͵´Կǡ
һȺͬ۾״̬СϺ
˺ڰ⣿СϺ﷢ûɱˡ
䣡
СϺ˴̨һĽƤԱźĿɿޱǹ
Ұʲôԣǲвһס
¥֪ʲôʱ˵ߣ̨ø˹ǡ
µѾߵ۾Ѿˣֻ๤Щ˿˵ϡסְһ˰ķӰ
ղݡ㶵ؿŴɱЩͬ磬ǼѹT˴һգѾɱ˼ͷ
ĸҳģôͣ
·ѵǹӶ
Щ˻ǴŶǼ̭õķõȴʮֺõĵƺȫսס
͵Сͻ׵ģǸСС䣬һȻһСͻףҲû뵽
ֿռװУҲһûлȥһĸǵ׷ʲô
ʲôڰϷٿ
ڵϵץŷ壬һ߻ͷĸһڲ廰һ˾Ҳһ浲Ƕ
ϴ㿴ʲôȥ
ϴļһǸɫ̷Ůˣǹƽԭĸʨǹֵ꣬Ҳû̫ྪֵı飬̽
ǸƯС椡ǽ͸ıֵסߣҲס˿
ͦƯġҸʲô
ӣ㿴𣿿߷̷ŮһԴü²ûУ
ʲô޶
Ǿ
۾һµɵùԲ˵ˣĸĸǽ롭ʱˣ
νĳĲֻԱһ󶨵ľƵĶǿȻ̶ȣһϿɱȡ
߼ռݰٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮþݵܿĿ¡
ֲһǰᣬǾϵǿȡ˵ףǿ쳣ѡ
ѵȫʱ˴ˣִңԴ໽С
ԣĸǹϵЩ˱̷Ůϰǣ֣ܾǻǹٶȡ
Ϊʲôأ
ôɿһǹһ˵Դͷʱͽ
ǿĿתɫڽָתǰһ߼˵ײС
ܺáɿ۾װѸոͷ̸


94 
ܹ⿿Ƥ, չʾھһܺõչʾƽ̨
TǼһֻһ, Ҳûʲô, Ǵĺö
ҰЩദĬ, һֶý֪Ӧʲô
ڿ˹Ϳ˹, ǰˣҪ, С͵ʺսĻף߳켣Ǽս˾
ι˹ǰ, ɣ
͵ºͿ˹˫ģʽűǰѧУйεĺ, ʱôٴκ, ҲмӦ
ҿԼΪʲôҪҰɣ˹һڱ˿͵СϺԴ
ǾͿһҪõˡ׵һͻĿ͵ո, Чˮ·
˹˴һսô
ߣѧУʱͱѹһͷ, ھȻһû˲Խӷ, ˲ˬ
ͨҰǽǼ, ʡĲֻ·, пǼʺǱڶвǺϸˣӦ֪ô
͵ֱɨ峡ʣµTˣתͷ˹Ļס
˹Ҳѵãˣ
ǡϸ񡯣顣
Ǻǡ
鷳T˱ˣ˹Ϳ͵ȴǴô棬ٳΪĪɲѪԣɱ۵Ĺţ
һǡɱżòˣǿϷĹڣһ߹һ壬ֶ¶
ã͵ϣݺݴ̡
˹Сģᣡ翴һﲻˬˡ
˶ˣЩʲôˣͬͻȻ̫ͬˡ
ûϵǾ棬
ɿΪһźؿԲһЩĿ˵ļһ̲ס뵽ЩļѣοҪɱҵͬ飬ǿ벻̣
ǳ嶯ˣǴ鷳
ٻ
ǹġ
չʾԼĺöɿҲԼСĻһѣΪԱҲüǿװø
֣ҶҶ
㶮ƨĶ̷ŮҪۣ˾ǹġЩT˽ţԲ׼úƽЩҲǲ汣˹ˡǴɶǴĴˣûԱ
̷Ů˿һף۾ˣȻǿȣһ
˻ٿˣʡЩףдװãԽԽ
֪û֣¼ӵҲа
Щ㣬ȥ˵̷Ů˺Ƶ֣ơ
λǣ
Ŷ
ʹҽܣǹĻ᳤
ԭǻ᳤á
룿
߶Žύ˼һʣ̶һ꣬ͽһ׽ʱϷҪˡ
ʵҿЩװƺģ֪Ƿ񷽱㡭
¶˱飺˵ǲȻô꣬ںգͷûǹ˵Ӳ
ͼĳſˮҪǿһװƵطǮȥ򲻵ЩװܹЩ̻Ҫôǿ࣬ҪôǼɵĸ
ͬ磬ϻмΪʵװץס᣿
ôͬ࣬ܲ˸⡣
Ұڶ¶Ƶ˲ǣһҪһҪԵְ
ֻг¥ʿԶԶվţֻнܴƽϿοǶԼڳǼʵ̻
Ƚڲɢⲻ
ߡ¥ѾĿŽߡԭǵΣһһۣһ·˶Ӱǡ
˹ǿˣվסˡΪٽ
ոʾǵİɣ˵룬ˣһҪ⡣
û¥˵ʹЦȻˡݼڡáһ˰һǣųе˶
㿴ںҹҰǰ
˳ų¥̧߽ͷںĽܸߺܼΪõĶĺɫϣûһ㷴⣬ҹһڡ
ֻд͸һ΢⹹Ψһɫ
ȷҰǵҹֻҰǵҹҲǶʵģȴֻдĺڡ
ͷȴ¥ɫķδпЬһɺɫƤʵѥӡ
ɵпһֲʣ˳Ȳ߱һͷָһͷڳѥС
ĳɢˣ¥ñӣ޳ָһ֧ɫٺϻǰɫ񻨵ĿӵӳźɫƤף޴صֻһЦܴ
Ŵ֪ǿ
ǵĶԻôƴԵ¹µĴһţ¥ϢͨѶźãŽ֣һ𣿡
ֳ˳ᣬߴ͹ĺת۾ڤʯ𣿡
˼֣۾ҹɫ
ɻ֮̽ᷢ䣬δ˵ƣƺҲ˵Ͽʼܶ¾һȻȻط
񫣬֪עӵ²񫣿
˫ӵ۾ҹüį
ˮƹ·мʯͷȴδȥϸһۡ
һģһ˴žװɫ׻
ؿںɫİٺϣ촽Ѫһ
ڷһֱɫװ꣬Щ׵촽ǳǳЦ۾ʢƵ⡣
Ӧһģһӵ档
ʱ֦ͷ¶ʻʢĴ̵ҶӣʱƳĹʵơ
ʻҶҲʵơ
ǲԴͶļڡ
ɡ
¥Цãſǽͷ϶ֵĻСӣĹһ˽ԭǿƶʱ䡣
źڷ֣ȺУǹ΢ǡ
ںʵڲ̸˵ĺõطûĻû˵ķҷҲûЪһЪİ
ȥڡδפһѺͨĺںʱ·һֶû⣬Ǿˡ
ЩƳ¥ͽڣѾߵķӶϣܰڣǽŲźɫƬںȾƣ޴ŵĴ֧
ƺãҲãֻϧ֣ƣҲζ
һС̫޷ֱӣЩⶼϣʯ貵Ĺâ
¥ֳ־ƺƬɫĳС
ڵʰͿһɫڽ͸ĹϸϸؽйաǶȿںһļʻ
ܿġ⡯ķ⣬ĵطΪԼڰ
ΪѹֵĻû
ҲѹֻǼʵܺϣ
ľɫеĶһݰɣ
еĶһݶˣںΰҲ£ҲȻΪ˿̱ͣͱǷ
óʯƣƽƽ̫ɬΪһʧƷΨһҴߣͱ⡣
ڤʯƵľƣƺڤеıС¥žƣоԼеĶߡ
糿˪ԭʼɭϢϢǿףؿ͸˵Ҳտ
ƫƫʱȸУ͹¶쳹ž֣Խ˵Ĺ¶
Ɑƺ䰡
¥ȷźȾƿ˵ʱġԽǸʱʲôо¶
ҧűӣ촽ɫľҺбߺȻƮϸѩ
ʲôѩƮƮ㵵˵ͷ塣Щ֪һȻЩԼֵʲôı
ںƶûУûļûҹôѩ
һƬطڷѩɫȻ׷ɵľ飬˵Ĵ
ԽԽĺںܹۼһƬָرı
ÿһƬѩССǣ˵ᣬϡ
ֵǵڻϣ¥գ۾ĽëѩһӨ͸
Ƶʱ㡣ûС
ʡȴҪش𡯣û㡣
û㣬ôģ
绹ҵУ붬Զ
ѩñӺͷ¥Ѿ걭ʯƣζɬȴȵú棬һƷʱڵ顣
÷
¥ȷˣǸˣϲϲ֣ϲϣڴ
ҵʱһ
á
ʲôʱ򣿡
ȥ𡣡
⻹С


95 
ƮѩԽԽ, Ҳٰ¥ڣѥӲȹʮȵĶݶ
̫ˣطʹ˺ںĵط
Ĳȥ
¥Ұǵ˵Լһ, ûô, ʵƤӵ¶ţһ¿϶һ
еһӰҰǣľ߷ûг¥Ĺע
ᰲĵذǶززǶȮĵط
Ǵ, Լʳû˵һ仰𣿡
ʲôڲͷ
¥ս, Це˵ĸ氮⡣
磡͵෢ıӣҰǵͬ߶, ף곤أ
곤֪ʲôʱʧˣ곤곤ֵܶˡ
͵е֣ûнšԵ곤, Ƭںȥ硣ӦԼ°ɣ
ͷɿɺͳĽ̸ҲѾ⣬Ѿʼ̽ԷӵеĶ
ϴ󣡡ͻȻ
Ҫʷʲô, 䡯һűըˣ̳мι״Ӱӳˡ
֮ǰˢڸеƤСϺT, ͼ塣
СԴӣ·ĳļһˡ
ȫһǻеƫƫԲض۸ʮļһǿˡ
ſſ, ٸΪԴļһˡ
Ұ˶Ĭˡ
ô˵, һӡǡ桯š, С֢ߡ
úиС
, ǴǵĻ飿ﴫų, , ·һë׵ļһȫɫӲ̣·ըëӳ˾
ɿɺͿ͵¶һۣչʾһʲôţ
Ŷ
͵˦һ䡣
Сһؾžһˣһһչһǰ
ŵ˲Ҫ֪Ӧʲôࡣ
Щæңսס
ɵɵر˫۷ֱǣ
ҪһǴС𣿡ɿһӣˣƤʵΪ
ףףʲôþʲô޹Чͯ۰ף
ںļУӡ
û뵽ںĵطҲԼزʳ
ʱٶһĶѣҪʱħĶ˵ȴbuffԺںҪʮγɵһЩز
¥ѾǱ̰͸ġƸ࡯ȫסˡ
ۼƸ࣬ҪʮϡΪںرʱħ¾ܲرĲ¥ŵҪƷľƸࡣ
ƸζŨңɳԿڸмҪ
ҹ乴ҳƵķζ
ƷʵĻж٣ҰԲˡ¥һӣʣͬȼľƸȫߡ
ұ࣬ЩɣŻҵĵˣһгɶˡ
ǸˬˣǺ
Ǽʳ켫󣬵Ծƾ׷ȴһ£˾ƸΪںز֮һһֱܻӭ¥Ŀ˸ͻһ
Ψһر࣬һֻˡ
ܷʣС
һ໹ôǮ
꣬õռ䴢϶򵥡᲻бڣ
ĶСģѣʲô
˸˳¥ĿŵΧۡµ·ɢˣҪɱҪǡ
๤ڵء
⡢ģĳԱŵؿŵϲεʬ塣СŶںںҲǵģڣǾôױɱˣ
ñ᳤ȫµ᲻ûȥ
ǵ̫ˣЩƤƲˣвˣǽһˬ
ЩѾǵϺ͵λ
ɿС㣬֪ЩãһΪ˷µгۣҲһҪ¡
õĸоôʵǹ̽һ̽гҶ࣬Ҳ㡣
룬ʳؼ⣺۸ô˵
ɿ룬һֻĴ䣬һֱֻһ˲ִ̡ĳҡҲˣСɵʽģʽͲ٣κγأ۸Ҳʡ
Ǹƣɵرһ̫ĵļ۸񣺡ǧң
ЩģƵĴװãںǧңмСֻиߵƫƫǻԸԵ͵ۣ㼢Ӫ
ǧң
ɿɵĺһ£ѹ£沿ЦһֻջصµָͷУЦס
ҮĶԩ֣һ䣬ɱһǧõ㣬Լڰʮңһת־Ȼǧңʲôбͽб
˵٣Լر̡
ʧˣ飬Ƥ
㲻۸ǿҲǹȷʵû̫ʱ
ΪǲԸ⣬ҲԸ⣬ƽ׾ͱг۵һ롣Ҫۣػ
⣿ɿѹֵ죬Ϊѵı飺۸ǵ׬ͷͲ̫ˡ
ͬķϣҲǲԡֻǣôͣ͵ֻУһ˵·ѡ׼Ҫٸ
ˣǹСԲ̫ࡣǺһ岻٣Ҳߵ˹
ԸһʱҪڲһ¡
Ȼԡɿ޲ðѴǻֵܱ÷Ƶͣʱ䲻̫ǿԿһ¡Ŷˡ
ǲʲô첻زһ䣺ʵóͬ޾ʱšҪԸŻݵļ۸񡣡
룡˱㵽ˣһ
֮ɿ˳Ӧ̿˹ˡ
ٷ֮ɱˡ͵ʾ⡣
֪ˡ˹תͷ۲Ϊ
ǰĿ˹֪ʲôʱױصķ͸Ĥ״ȫذԼӵͲǮչʾ
ڿ͵³鴤У˹¶ҵ΢Цҽп˹Ǽңҵĸš
ںļС
ַɧңοѪ˨һɽͨ㣬άΰѲ߶Ӽææʲôµأ
ϲͬ¶ͬһֱ飬־塣
µأѲ߶Щͷһ顣
ţʲôµģڵӶ߹ǸһɻƺɻǾۼʲô
ڷȫĮǣ˭֪﷢ʲô¶пܡ
Χ۵ٴβѲ߶ѯʶ˻ӦѲ߶ֻˣΪһĵĶ硣
Ҳ˻ˣ
ο͵Ķٴ
ξͺˡվȺĳ¥̧żĴоƬ
ںǸϴǮͽв⽻׵ĺõطв󶨵ĴоƬ⵹Ǳ˳¥
ڳԺڹȻǷ¸ĽݾǲһѸ߼۾Ƹ࣬ͲͯӾˣǹ˼ҡ
ʲôЩôˣ
һƬأ
֮¥ûһͬģκʱһ
ԶðԼ壬һû֣ǻſԼһһ㴫ȥ̷жԵʴȡ
־ɲͨеģҲǺںľסϰߵģڿ¥˾ǿħ
ûվָħ
ںǸûйĵطҲݶĹȡҪĿŵȥ¥ҪɱҲĿɱǶûԼĶ
˿ս䶨¥˵ЩսƷ˭˵һǣ
Щ׼Щʲôȥʳ¥
֪лؼҪģҲҪŬӦڡ
¥ѹû׼Ӧôʲô
ѵˣȳ¥Ⱥ࣬Ӱвٴ𰸡
ҪεصɫҪҪľۣҪܳñ档
ҪɫҪء㿴Ǹô¥ָϵ
С̫͵һ߰ɡ


96 
ܲ, µǺֿ¡
巢ʲôֻˡ֪δεĺںʶҲҹҲʡ֮ǺںպȻһС롣
ˣ
Ϊһֱܺ, Ҳû̧ͷֱ̫ϰߣԶû˷ˡȵһ˺һС̫ء, ȫں˶ɵˡ
԰ҼС̫أ
ôƤӵ¹һС廹
ҲСհ˭ˣ
ںŻ, ͻȻûһС̫ԭ᧿Σƽϵƺг״̬һӱײ򡯵顣
ʱȫøᡣ
ǣʲôûзʣµƺ˿ڶ, һµƽ⡣
Ŷ˺ں, ǿٳһλ, ǲȱġ
ɲȱҲô۸˰ɣ
ѵĸߵĶ磿
Ҷʧ֮գƶ߼з๤ᶼ֪¡
ʲôӣϵĶڽˡЩֹ֪лҲʼѧ
Ұ˲, ϸ롭ûʲôϵɰˡ
ʱ곤ֵܻ, 곤һֱŸɻһžƺž, ɢŸ곤ֵԭȻ´ͷһɫķ
š
֪Ϊʲô˵Ĺ졣
Ե׷ʲô, Ҫһ˵ķϵһϣ
곤ţ˵ںС̫ʧ𣿡
곤پƺһ, һֱûע, ȥˡ
˵עֱӱߣҪ𣿡
˵˳ǻ˴, ԱʾԼʱҲһûǹˡȻ, ױԺƭסĿ͵˵֤˹ɣ
ǡ˹˵ʲôأ
ȷͦٵģѾˡɿɵͷ
ЩѾˡ
ڸвߵĸԺʮҲֹʲôģ
ߺһû˵
ţǳҲŪЩɫﰡȻϰߡɿɵѾ뵽ΪҰǴˡ
治һ˻˲̻
ƶ߳һѵĿ˹˼ʵ곤ӦôʲôģǴǲĻԵ
ԱΧۡ˼ʵĹһŵʺţôп𣿴ϲöѣô
¥ʱֹͣ⣬ʣǻ·
ʱǶ廨ŵķĸҵıȽϺõġںںںʷе
һˮûκδڸеĹĤ֪ĻΪǻصĸǣܴճж糣
ʵǼѾƳһĤıܶԭַܹͨ¾Ƴɹ
˹˫۾˽ʲôǰһܰԭµ߰˰ˡ
żۼ˸˲ŵоȫо豸̵ʽûʲôӹ̵ˡ㲻ø̳ĲƷɱܸǿԭڵᡣ
Ա߿˹࿴ۣȻ˲ǺܶԸķߵǾսԷߵġ
Ҳʱ̫٣˶ڹ˾¿ƼƼͶ벻࣬Ѿǹͨеľȴûһķ
߳¥Ѿͨɿ˽ߵĽס
ɿɹʮµķµ˼䡪ʱ֮ţǽŽɣǴʵ
Ϳ˹˶ŵԶڻǼҲ˽⡣ֻǳ֪ĸ죬ȻѾôȽͻס
һǰɲĹ⾰
ѹôΪԹߣǱ޴Ҫôһʼͱһ͵ñ֤ѹײһϣ
ϧսסֽţǳ鲻ֶԸԽԽǿ
ڰϷ٣١ǧ갲Žȴ壬ԽȼԽۿſƲס
˳ʱ˺͡
뵽ˣǳȵĳ̲סĻᵽˡļ
סĵطˣ
¥ס޵飬ɿ˵ЩС¶ù᳤ˡ
˹Ϳ˹أ¥ʣǴһģɲǾô
ˣɿ²һ˹ٽǰѡĬѧѧˣԣ´һݡ
²۵Ŀ˹ɴ΢Ц˶ƽƽֻмŵ곤۾Ϲ⡣
곤ʲôȥҲοο
Ⱑȣ׼ﲻ߱οԣںǱмС
ǵһ˵ȥˣ᳤ŲÿúԵȺ˵ͷһЩɫ籦ʯһ仪ǸΪŮͱúгǢˡ
໥ȴˣ˸жĴԶǿʢ
֮ǸһԼ굥вƷһȺ˲뿪µľƵȥ
˹Ϳ˹ֱϢǵˣһ㵽Ƶ꼯С
ˣ
¥̧ͷĴţϹһɫңһּɵ֣滹мֳͨ﷭롣˹ǡö֣Ƶꡯĸ֡
Ժ󻹵ÿչѧϰɿץץԴǷա
ΪǶľƵרΪײ׼ģֻһ㣬඼ڵ£ǼõͷһɽСġɽ
ܲƣںĽ
ķģԲǣͷǼĴƵ꣬ǿųĬĹ
ΪʲôߵľǺõģʲô𣿡СС磬Ҫ˵ȫԽԽȫ𣿡
СЦʮ󣺡ûʲô˵ֻ˵¿羰ܺáںĽͨ޸ߣڸߴ羰ҲһȨ
ԭ
ҲǣԽǶԼʵģԽҪųչʾԼ
ҰǲҲϳΪǵ곤ĻǺӺͻ̳֣ӲŤת
ҪȰȫ»ǵ¹ȫǿ
˵һѾƵ꣬ſڵдǸһ׶ĺ꣬ĳЩǶȻЩǵģ۾ţٿףҵټթĺۼ
ʱӵĿˣ׺귢Ǻǻ᳤ѣҲŲһνôʱĶ
鷳¿˹ˡС繧˵
Ұ֪ôûͨһ졣ϾǺĸײʲôġÿŻ֢߶ľˡ
Ҳоĳ¥̲ס׺ϵͼڡ
ǾȾɫģԼģĲ֪·ԼںڰϷﾭһ
ɺ
¥ؿת̺ʽš
㿴ʲô׺¿˹ע⵽¥ֱ̽ӺǳģͻȻΣմԼƢȻֿҲǿŭ
¥֪Ķֽͱʣˢˢˢֽϻһ˿ͼΣȻֽ˺ݸ׺꣺ͼʶ𣿡
׺겻ؽӹֽţɫ۾ԲԲͫȴһɷĴΣô֪
ںڰϷӴģϵͼЩơ¥һ㲻׺˲ŭŵɱ𣿡
¥⣬һȴܲ⣬ѾװӣֻǱ¥һֹˡ
곤ʲô͵¿ɿɡ
֪곤϶ԼɡɿȷѡĳǸмƻˣ񰬿һɿص¡
ڰϷϤʣ׺ɱȥЩҲһЩӣܾûĸˣҲиˡ
ꣿ԰θߣֻаĶ壬Ѿʮˣû뵽Ǹүү
ǰ̡׺
ࣺ
ʲô飿̫ʧˣѵҲǴ𣿡׺ÿǣĿת¥ڰϷѡС


97 
¿˹֪ڰϷѡ, һֱܿ⣬ڰϷľ죬̫Ը
ʱĺڰϷɲôºͣӲ, Ѫܵġ
¿˹֪Լ, ϷNPCһ, ͬһ㡣ʱ޿̲ѡ, ˻ǰ, ֻ, ǱĶ˻ǲˡ
ûһͨص޹ģÿ˵϶ͬʬǡ
ǻǶȹµجΣһٽǼ
ֻû뵽, ڰϷȻ¼Ϊһ֡
һ£
¿˹Ȼ뵽һܹؼ⣬˵ڰϷеnpcǽϷˡôΪЩϤ
ǸNPCôģ
¥ǵǸиNPC˵Ϊڱ˵, ҡ
Ҳ, һ˵ľ
ҡͦõġ׺żָ׵צ, ű, ļʮִࡣ
ҪͨڰϷѡ, ;Բܱͬմ˶Ѫ, ԶҪһʼΪʲô
׺תͷ뿪, ҰѽӴ˵񶪸һСҲǿ׵ĺ, ֻëɫǳһ㡣
׺ǸͰ, Դȥµķ䡣
סʲô, һЩ⣬ֻǿǵ׺꣬òצӡ
û뵽ںİ¿˹ȻǺڰϷߣѹôǿ󡣡׺һߣСһ֮ǰͻȻôţҲŵˡ
ֹ¥룬ںڰϷĺڰ̶ֻ˵ƤëԭĺڰϷԱԵQͨصĲǷӾǱ̬ԭǣҲᱻƳӡֲпϷģԶǿһ̶ˡ
ڰϷͨߡȺΨһһҿ˹
ۿһͨϷˣҲһֹ衣Ϸûûˣÿζ׼Щǰ·׺ĳ־Ǻڰеһ⡣
֪ܲܶ˽ɹǼںڰ̫ãҪһѾɹİ
¥ע⵽˹ı飬˼
Ѿʼ׺֪׺һǼͱжΪһ
һǼɲ˳Ȼɵ顣
ΪڰϷѡβֱӳΪģ
ҾͲˡǰֻ֪¿˹׺쳣֪ǾڰϷѡġҲĴۡС겻ѡ
˵ãϺڰϷĸȻǴѡϷߣҹҲı䣬ٹɱ̭ͬ
ҵʻǾӸ߲¡¿˹Ǿĺڰ
Ϸжпᡣ
ʱˣЯʳͺ͸ɢȥõķ䡣
ںûаҹǵӻӦϢˡԭǶ壬úϢø졣
¥ͽھһ䷿
ڵ£ȫģ߿գܿȥˡֻҪ򿪴ٵĺľûʲô
ڿ¥վڴߣ߹վһ
˶û˵վʮӡ
¥ִڽڵļϣҲȥ
ǾɰڰϷͨ߰ɣ˵˳¥һֱû˵ܣҲ°ڰϷĸĸߡ
۰Уôǿ󡣡
йϵ𣿡һˣǿǿйϵ
¥תͷŽڣüۺȻչ¶ůЦÿɰҿԱһ𣿡

еĻﶼѹں꽫ڴȵ֮䣬ײȴŷǿҵĴ̼
ǵͨģʱԣ궼Ǵ˵磬ս
ڽͷڳ¥ļϣĺܿصǿռؽ˰Сز¶һ˿һ
ڰ۾ҲȾɺɫԭɫʳɽɫ
ϲ¥ӵϲּϲֺڽܡĹ¶˲һ˳þõӵܻ͡
ӵģѾе񫣬еʧء
ϵ̫ˣĪۺ;Ƶͳģ־һҺ¹ģŻˡ
ԼָȥݺݽӵУǶԼֻСһȡϧУһѹȫ
¥ǧ׻ˣǱһɹָָ̹һ;õĸоﻹ˵ţÿɰɰˡ
ڲ֪Լɰ¥ϲǡɰˡҲ޷
ϡ¥ſڣܵУȥҰ¿˹
ǸꣿΪ˺ڰϷ飿
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ȥ鲻Լһ
ǣ
߳칫ңһˤϡ
·˿ˣȴû߿ԶԶûεֹӡ˵˲Ҫ²ٸʲôãʳ⶯һʳݵģô
ʲôҲû˵ȵ΢һ㣬վߵԼ칫ҡ
칫ҺС˿ƼչҲֻǿáΪĶʵ̫ˡ
ʳ˵Ĵ˵İ칫ңǡ칫ҡ

£һĳĵһϸ״ŹԿ﷢ӫҩ
˷ҩֱ
Ϊʲôʹ
ϢصӰѧУһɼҵȴΪϢص͵ֻΪЩ˹żЦṦͣ𣿡
ܡ
ǽϵĺӰڵӰ£Ӱ֣ƿĿռ紹£ֻһμ㡣


101 
׼˶ٶ
ȥء޵λ·, ֿжڷԼջǶ˷ůľƹžƱӣ곤վڹ̨, һ
ҰǵǼֻҪһգۣȻͨǸλҪʱ䣬Ǹɴͣһ¡
ѾԹںزʱ⳱
ʵ˵޸о
ܿɫ, Ϊ⣬ںнĲʣԾһʵˮǲԶĿյϿή, Ҳ޷۾׽ʱ⳱
ʱ⳱û, ʱ⳱ҲûΧº۵ʱ⳱ѹûиܵʱ⳱κֱϵĶ
м
ҪԿĹ⣬ǹ䵽ǵ۾ζֹҲ˺
ֻĳһʵûбҪΪԼĽ
ԴΪο, ʱ⳱۾ǡ, Ҳ, ⱲӲڶ, Ǹо
ȥĸǿ, ǲһ
˵иطĻָ, γһƬϿ, Ҹȥ
ҸҰǡ
뿪ż죬ǾȻеĸˡ
ҰǣԲκηߵĿ, һֵСԣÿı㡣
ڻǺϿһ, ԶҲ塣
еɣԭе, عͷıʡɿ˵, ˵ͷ
̨ĳ¥ûһ֪л塣ǸˣֻΪ˿ûķ羰
ȷʵһʱʽȥһķ
ȺȾȻԵõҰˣ˹Ϳ˹Ķܶ࣬ҷƬ̡϶Цﻹűӣںںջķᡣ
ǻ˵ߵȵϵ
Ҳ⻼ֻ᳡ձƣڲֳ⡣ֻǰ֮⣬Ҳһȭᵹ
ǲ𣬳
¥ȾƣԱߵĽС˴ڸУӰӰҡ
ҲֻӡȽϸӣϵ󣬴д޳ССĽȦ
ƹ־ʣ֪Ρ
ڣʹǼʵ幵ͨ󣬾ƹ߰ȫͨԤλ档¥һù͵Ŷſռͨһˡ
ƱЩһĵ
ЩΪٵСλ涼磬ȱݡȽƵȱʧܻûԸоһСλֹԮĸоͻʮԡ
ƹһ򿪣Ұǵ˾͸ܵر
֡ǵĹĤʾдںܶ಻ĶֻǸ߷䣬
бġ
ܶܶʬ帡ڿУǶѾǸʬˣ滹һЩֵľ࣬켫ˡ
¥֪ʲôʱſڣ־ͰѾƹݵĴŹϣλˣպڷֳҪȥǾ
ǻûӦ¥ִţγǰȫһķ羰
ǿиǾȵؿſи߸ߵ͵͵ĵ죬źͱֱĽű˴ˣеճǣһѳ𣿡
¥룬Ǹǳ򡣡

ĦˣҲ˻ˣȻ̼ʹ󲿷ֱ̼ߵﶼ̫һ
ʱں㣬ǵĴ󺣡
ΪصṹĦ˴ӹߡֳ·ߡǻὨֳ
ǵľסҲͱһǵķӶƯڿУһΪλͱ˵ĵ
ÿ˽Ħ˵ľסأΪԼߴ·ÿνȫͬģЩյλû᲻ͣã罻ϵĸıı䡣
ҲܿĦԸƱ䡢顢׷ɵһ档
ǵĸսһ㶼ǿ
ĦóľǸ컷ûӦԼָ첻ɳĮСС֣ǻὫһʺϵʺϵ
лᣬϣǶ໻һǵĿƼĲ˵һǼ϶ҪģõĶһЩԭʺҪ졣
¥ͽͳ˾ƹݣɵڿߡȴûôϵͳӦ״̬ǲʱ䡣
ǶӦȫģʽʱ򣬳¥ҲûţԼ˽˵
ԵеȺǱ仯ʹ򵽺ǣٵ״ƣ֮ΪװǣȴɺڰǵĹΪɿص豸ǽӴģҾлӴҲòǱǮ
ǸıһĴ¶ȣʹʺĿƼлλ򵽡
ôǿȻڲս겻ѡ
ԼٻĸǶûȫ޸˼ҾѾܸϵ˾޴Ϻ;ˡһ鸴ӡ
ڲ֮ԸѣһʰҲⲿԭ򡣡¥˵ͳεǿպôǼƯн·ϡ
ǼƯʲô˹ʣһֱûзɹ˽⣬̫ˣ̫ûĶ
ǼƯ¥ָ˹գ֮ǰ˵ɣǼһֳĲ￪ٵġһеģͼӴ󣬿ɴʱе
ǼƯߺƣֻһϲλ棬ҿ֮ᵱɳѨ뿪һϲλ棬ߵĳԵģǺ·Ǽʷ
ʳ
곤ܿ𣿡һĬĿ˹ͻȻʡ
¥ҡҡͷ۾ǿǵġ³رĳ̵ּɺ֮ǿˡҲΪ߽Ӵֿ´ڶþֻǿʼǵ꣬˵ܲ˶Էһ񡣡
֮¥ѻתĦϵܸôǵùǼƯǰ·ϣߵ˷һ
ҲҪ̫ģֹĿԻûǰڳǼʸߵĿԴ󡣡
ڵ졣
ǼƯߣǸҪıһϲĸ⣬
Ħ˳ϲ죬ʵǳϲӶ˵ģһǷЯʲ޺ô
¥ʡԵĻζ˲Сαװģʽִȫ׵װ豸
곤㡭ɿɸҪѳ¥ûװͿ¥ԭ׵ͷɫЩɫͷԼƱ֯һβ˾ȻγɹģצҲһ·Щ·ڲͣá
Ŵ죬ٿ곤ֵܽڣҲӣɫ¹ǳĽǣλҲ˺ɫƬ
ǻ𣿵곤ûƵģ
˧ġ˧ĵ곤˱ǵαװֱ
ҵıװã֪Щʷǵ𣿡¥Լιķβ㱻ͷγɵĹҧһڣ˷βһ¡
αװǼʻľ壬ԵĿ⾫׼òԺÿװ
ţ
ֻ˽⵽¥˼Ľ¶Ц
ʱˣ߰ɡ
ʱѾӦλرģʽƯһһµظų¥ߣ߽һе졣
һ£߽һɽȵĵطʱ¥ͻȻڡ
ѾвмһɫС·¶Ҳ㡣
Ҳι״ĽЩ߸ߵ͵ͶǲģмڣԷһ죬˵ĻëȻ
֪ĶһɫСɵˣţ޶⡣
곤˵ʲôɿСʣֻƷҲûԴķ롣
֪û¼ԡ
˶ЩţûбֳֻСעΧһϸ¥ߵĶ
ûκ£ֻΪ
ʲô
Ҫģʳҩ
ͬΪ߽ķڶڷ̶ȣֱ治ЩǷ緢ģЩ˷ġ
˻ھؿܣ֪ѾӦ֪
Ѿʼ
๾ࡣһʯɽϹʶʯķ򡪡Ұɫ״β֪ʱڷں
ûе곤ݵϲòǱڵڻƤŹǼ£


102 
, Ҫʲô
޷ӣҲһЩ
綴ӰԽԽ࣬԰סݣǽݹʬ塣
Χмǲ֪ʲô, ֻǽӺǶйֱľ, ֪ʱӦε곤, ҪĹ
͵ɽ˲࣬ӡĦ˶ǳҵ, ǿԼܶȣﵽ½Ŀġ, ֻ˵Ϊ˱֤, ˺ܡ
˸ߡͬ顣ϣԼĶ԰ǣֻҪó㹻ġƷ
ΪȺ࣬Ϊǿ׼ĺ, ڷѨĦ߳һ
ġ
¥ָɽȡ
ͺܺá
ȻĦ˱Ǹķͻ
ҲԣЩӶᷢҵˣµЩƽΪȽ, ƽóֳ
ڷ, ໥ƻĿҲ޷ֳĦƽ˸Щ˵
¥ʾͬ, ûˣҪء
̽Ħ, һߵļ۸
һ̨ȡһ֧̼Ӫ, С˹Ϣصȫ豸ͼֽ
ûֶĦ˵
¥ʼ磺ð, ʲô
Ħһͷͬǣ֮˵СרŴƤʮʵƤǼõսײϣȥԲ
һĳƷƤȡһǧ֧ӪһһƤ˰֧ӪƷ룬Ʒټ롣
ڴ٣
Ħû׹µƤ˫ΪƤԵúڶ۾ų¥
¥Цţ˳һҵķβ
һˣû˻Ȿ㲻֪λ滨ҶԴͨ޵µĵ·ˣðž޴ķչ
Ħ˵ƤֳֻйֹƤ͡ᱡ¡䣬˵ô࣬˵ܻӭײҲΪ۸ߵʱɹһųƤȡһСɴĳɾ͡
һĦ˲ᳬ٣һ֧Ӫṩһ裬Ҳ˵һųƤԻȡһ죬ûּ۸
ڣΪĦ˳⣬ǻĦƤ۸ֱ¥Ҫʵ⣬ɹˣ̳Ϊ޸
һͬĵˣĦĲ״뵽Ƥ۸ôߣһü۸
ǣһͬĵˣΪˣΪɹˡ
¥Ӿ֪˵ӣҲ˵Ħʡ
ж
ԸͿ̸гĦ֪Լûּ̫ۻ۵Ŀռ䡣
һ㱨ɱۣһĥֱǶվˣ̲סҪȵʱ򣬳¥Ħ̸˼۸
һĳƷƤȡһǧ֧ӪһƷȡһǧ֧Ʒ룬Ʒټ롣
˵֮Ħ˺ܿƤװڿռСΪƤõĶǳͽΪӴһƤм󿨳ô󣬲óס
ĦҲӹ¥еĴԾȷϹû⣬ͷ
Ĵ豸ӣֱӽеƷ׾ˡ
һ¡
֮ǰ𽻽ӵǸĦͣûʣʲô£ˡ
¥ֱӶȥһС͵Ĵ͵Ʒ
鿴ˣһ˫ʹ۾ø
Ħרõҩǻ׼һЩҩƷֶǶƵġ
ˣ㡭
ˣҲһǻ¥ڰ֣Ŭȥɡ
ĦקͻȻɿ˵˳һֱߣһʯŵĵ죬ҪĶ
¥ȵؿȥĦѾͷҲصˡ
ڼҰ˶û˵һֱ߳죬ҲбɫĽ˺ܾõǲ̲סʣ곤˵ʲôΪʲô뿪ʱǱô֣
ô࣬ӦȻشһã
𣿻ʲôͬʡ
ˡ¥ǣڽʲô
ڴӣ˵˽׵ݡ˳ǰƤļ۸ԼƤļ۸
ЩƤ곤Ҫ𣿡˹Ķˣ
ʲôöȻҪԼϣȥǵսʿס
˹еʧܿͻָ˾񣬲Ұг¥⣬ͬĻᣬϣܻһЩƤ
¥Ӧˣͬʱǣ꽻֮ͣ꣬õǵĸмб֮ϲ׵ʱͣ߷ŵͼ۸񣬾ɵϣ׵ķǿ޴
ĦôңǵǸߵǰһƤļ۸ߵף˭ɿڽˣ
ĦǾǺţǻһݳƷдӣάһʱֲּȼŶ
Ұ˲֪Ӧ˵ʲôɻԼڵ곤﾿˶ٲĹ⻷ΪʲôǺˣ
ôͬĵˣʱѾһʬڻǺ
Щڳ¥ǰװĺѧģİɵ곤һġ
ָӡ͵Ҳô˵ŷɥֹС޵ĺˡ
곤㲻õǣǿ˹Ϳ˹һţһ
Ը񡭡
ңǺϸˡ˹ʾԼʱңй趼ԥġ
Ŀת˹һȺϣ˹ߣԼƶ߳С
֮һǰһ죬ҪƷһִĦɫĹƷ¥ƷõЩˣŴȥˡ
߸죬ƵҲͼٵģûҪֿԸĻ
һֱ˵ڰ˸죬ҵʯš
ǸĦ˵ĵط𣿡
ȥƾ֪ˡ
˵һֵĵ죬һԽӡԳƵѿмֻһʯվʯ¿ܿѿĵеԨ
ûж͵ɽأʮƽ̹Ϸֲɭ֡ͲݵأԿŲ
ڵһ룬һƬסһεĽ͸ϷֻһϸϸĹ֧š
Щνֻ֣ǲʶĻơ
֮ǰĵ춼̫һЩֲͺѵˡĦֲֲǻɫͰɫģԶԶȥ̻ɫ֮ǰЩͺͺĻɫ첻һƷ֡
طҪֻ
ǴһƬɫʩ߹ɫ͸ĹϿŤɸ״ǱȻһ£ںСӦǸʹõġ
Ƕͯ԰𣿡
Ȼܸɾһ˵ıŤ
߹ֳЩνߣܺܰûжҲûĦˡ
˭ո뽨ȺΧֳĦ߳ѯǵݺĿġ
⼸ĦĿǰĦ˵ĦˣָеԡϵһȦһȦģʮصӤ
߲ȱʳֹʶ
֮Ǿüһ·еĵ춼ȱΪʲôȱǲȱΪڻ㹻ģôΪʲôûдЩ⣿Ҫ֪֮ǰ߹ĵطѾΪ˵Ħˣǲں˭ġ
ѵΪ
ˣ̸⡣¥һ˫ֱʾԼ޺
Ҫ˭̸⣿
κˣֻҪԷԸ⡣ݷˡ
Ħ໥ʹɫһָһߣһˣ˴档
һţÿ˶ŲͬƷֻһֻ´ҪĶ
ߴߴһ󣬺¥˵ǣһȺ˵ЩĦ˵Ľ䱸߽Ǹߵν
ǸϸϸĹȥһڶַͣɴĳ⣬ɴĵطϻȫϢӰԺѵңСֳ
ĸܽ᣺ԡ
ÿ˶ķӣôȱʳȫ⡣
һֱмһʱЩĦͣ½Ų

ߡ
߽Щ谵ȣÿսǴսʿأЩ˻ῴǣĿпǶ
ǸĦߵĳ䣬Զƿߡ
ãԶĿˣˣ̸
һźϣͬĦڲһʬ壬ͷһߣɫѪҺӶѵĲ


103 
ʬ˭ˣһռߣ
ЩǺܺ, ǸҪǽס¥ȤｻԼҪĶ
үĲۣģȥҲᡣ
뵽, ¥ЦԽӺ㡣
һ, Ҫ̸˵, ̸ҪĶ
ǻҪʲôĦʡ
ڵ޵λһµ, һûйҲ޷ԼֲֳĹµҿ¥µֲ԰ˣôˣҪǮҪ
¥ֱӳʵ, ǱңȻһ㣬޵λ汾ʺϴֲֳԭ޹õ, ҪģҲǱҪ, ʳ
ûʳ, ЩĹһǹָԼͷ졣
Գ¥һ㲻ż, ź, Ҳ
Ħ̧ͷ¶׶ı飬ǹͷų¥, һвǹͷû׼, һѾٿصļ⵶ѾĦ˵ü, һҪ̽ȥ
˶, Ħ¶ű, ǹֶڶ
¥һܣЦᣬҵ˻Ϊޱ⣬̫šɫ󣬲Ϊ塣
ᡣ
¥˸ƣͰѼ⵶ջȥ
ЩǼˣ
ĦݺҪĺЩ׼Ǽ˶ϣҲе顣
˵Ǽߵˣ
ԭֻĳӹԱ֮һˣά衣ﲻĵһվһվ
Ǯ·ˣɱĹܼҡ
Ҫʲô
Ħ⻰һڣ̱¥ѹˣ¶Լʵ¥Խӿ϶һˣֻʱռ
⵹Ǻãǡ
ɷҿʲô
Ħüͷͬˡ
确ˡ˵ֲ԰Ķ֮ǰûѹθɾʳﲻά̫ʱ䣬ҪµʳԴ
¹ܵ͵Ǹߵǰͨͨƽȡ
һ춼ǸģǲҪһȥιۣ칫ӵϵͳṩȫĽܡ
ȫϢӰ񵯳칫ҶС졣ָ㿪ĳ־˵ڲṹ
һȺΧȻĦܿġ
Ǵ
¥Ǻܿ췢ʵ̫Ŀˡ
һ޴εĻͻһܣƴȵĽṹѹУظ㣬ȻͨıӰ¶ȡ
ڴĸڣȫ׵С˹Ϣظ豸ʹõġֲïʢͱȫͬƾ豸Ĺ͡
ΣһҪ£
ղ¥ǸŴν֡ܶණ̫ʵãߵݳƷ·ߡ
ĳĶȼٵأԵкܶʩԳ¥˵ֵǮľղ¥ĶΪͯ׼ľ豸
Ȼûһھ˵ԼҪ¥ѡЩܺתķɴȻղ¥һѶԡ֡ϾɡаڼֵΪɿһ
ռĦ˱ͲԭˣȻҲۣҲۣڳ¥ļ۸ϼӸɡ
¥ȻԸ⣬ּۻۣɣҪ׺õľѵ豸ͷ
ֶƵĶ滹С
Ħ˱ʾνⶫҲòϣðЩĶߡ
ɺ˴Ӫĳ¥һ뿪ռСڼ˶ų¥ָӣֵú侲
һֱСϴСӰӣǲŰ಻סػϲ
곤ոǸǴ𣿡˹Ŷһ˱ﲻס˵ˣЩолеͨרңһ۾ͿĲ
д׵˹Ϣظ豸
¥˻һҶ˷ǻΪһû뵽һΰҪĿ롣
ȱŸˣЩԼ幺ڸ÷һˡʱ߸ˣֵʱһ¥Ц˵仰˼ȷ
Ľûг֣ķ£ɴ֮ĶݣݳƷѡʣµҰˣԺ
Ҫĸ豸˹ȻϲʾеͻףʵûչġҰûǿ˹ڶ¡
лл곤˹ڶĹҴл
ôԺҰ̨ɿɲ˵
ҡĸ׼򣬻׶ã׼װɡ˹ۡ
вӦһһ
ʣ»һ׶ͯľѵ豸곤Լˣоо
ҰǽһгӤҲ׼жѧУ֮ĹҪϣҲü翼׶ľѵ
Ұǵĺϡ
㣬ںܺг¹Ϸ꣬ÿ˶׬ˣҪ뿪óʲô⡣
ʲôʣ¼ֵӪܻٶλˣٵȲڶλ޶ߵëĲ˵޵²ټӹ豸ǾͲĶ
ĶǳĶ
ĶСģǰߣ
һЪϢֳˡ
޵λ©׬۵ʱ֮ǰĺںҲ¡
ֵĺûҵǸŵԼڲֳ⡣
Դ
Ϣصҩ֣ĸ߹پ͵ʱʱһѱĿ֣һδĸּʮ֮һˣͺ鷳ˡ
˵ΣеˣЩߵʱ򻹴˺ܶϣͺջˡ
Ǵĸ֣Ķˣֺزɹ϶һѣĸǴȥӰ졣
˵˲Ҫ²ˣǻỵ£
˵ֻʲôãҪ޲©ֹּͣƻɨۼǰйܵΣعԱȱڣԼʣµˡ
ҳ֣شӪģӵģˣô¡ŪñʧȥΣµǴҲԸ⿴ġ
һ仰֪Ǹһߵжô๤Աȱʧҵûһ칫ҵ˱Թݡ
ǹʧ滹֪֪鷳ˡãϢֱ쭣ϧڳϲˣϢص̫
ΪʲôҪҶôãһȺҵϸλʱǺŶĳ˱ѵķŭ
ɵ˰ɣѡֻΪֲϣ̫Ȩϣ̫вĵλĳ˿ڳ
ѵΪ²˱ͲǽܵĿɲĽ
ֱֳһ޿̵ӣŰ
ˣ졣Ȼû⣬ôԤۣͬʱҲڱȡʿȥں
û˵¾ˡ
黹ûԱ塮ְ飬һ°ǰǾǵĲҵڶͺɡ˹Ϸֵ顣
ֵߵֵ֧ĺţЩҪ³Ǳȵ춼ѡ
һһȥʵ˵㡣
ǣǱҲңȻСģǽ߱Ǳ߱ǣסӣʵûһ
˵һұըķֵպ£˵᲻У
һ˶Цˡ
ҿŻɹʲôһû׼Ҫ²Щߵ£ͷߡ
ԵüΣǱеҪԼ߲ٳ⡣ˣҪȥһˣ̽̽


104 
ֵǶ, оҲһһۣԽĿӾҪˡ
ǼĵᣬȻǰѴͿ, ʹһ, Ҳһ֧Ӫˡ
Ӧö׼һЩ°ЩòϵĶأŶӵÿӶҪ߶һĻ
ĿƼż, ҲҪѴԴȡ
Ȼ˺ڰϷ˽ӴЩ߿Ƽ;, ɻÿһ϶ҵʬǶѻɡ
õĻǰֻͨӪ, ܴȡ˳µ豸ƽսӴĶ
Ү, ٸһλᣬһ׼, ʮӪ
, ֲܷٺö۸Ҳǳ㡣ȥ岻ϾֻһСƷλ, ĺöҲ
˵ͷǣǵֵĺöˣԼûȥǳ㡣
ˣҲֻԼ̰ģתоѾֵĶ
ͷ곤ο, Ϊֲ֪ɡ˹Ŷ˵˵
רעҵȡΰɾ͵, ӦöҪͰ, 곤һֱչ˴, ʵ֮
˹̧۾ȷҵĻǣͷ㣬Ҫ˼ʽ˷ʱ;
곤ǼΪټģ츳ѹˣȴƽκδڵˡŵ˾óϻ̳ϿҲ
ҰǵĹǰǳĻƢҲʶѧϰҰǴˣȥŻЩϰߡ
һĿԸıһǡ
ǲͷǡɿɿµֵĿŷɳôô⣬⻹ǶرΣӦκλġ˿ռչССʹ
ϰ壬ҿ곤˲٣صСԷ˵£곤óҫʲôû塣
Ҹ졣
͵ҲջĦǸߵ©һ͹ܾá
ҪžĦȻϲĶҲУͲŹ
ʮϲҽ豸
֮ǰһƶҽԺʮӿͰβˡرȫʱҲͼֵӪҽԺĦֲԸӪףǾôˡ
곤ˣֱӰһʵҰߣʮԶҩȫ豸ʣµ۲ҽ豸곤ˣ˵ԺȫͶ뵽ҽԺҲܲһ䣬̡
ڿ͵£ûĻףջһսĶս߼˲֪ٱ
ÿ˵ջǰϵģ˳¥
ΪֱӴףֲĦ˵ԣǲ֪׽˶١ӦҲáɣ
ơ¥ûá
һѹٺöڳ˵ջûĶࡣ
һ룬ȥڤ壬ǻܸ˵ġ¥ͽ˵Ļ
΢Цǡ
Ҫģϣ֣Ҳϣĵط֡ҲˡмƻѾ룬ڻҪصڤҪǾͰѿҲһɡ
ְһצķβһ˵ķβǰ䡣
ɿɺȻˣ˸һ£ƺ֪ʲôʲôûֻתͷСԼջ񡪡ЩڱȲһӪ鱦Ҳռ˲١
ֻҪ곤ϲϲ׹ʲô
ֱתͼλ棬ǻǼʵġٻȥרȥ飬Ҫʲôѹ
ˣﶼûʲôǮ˰ɣ֮ǰյ鱦οйŵȥȻҪһ㣬Ժֽܿ𡣡
¥һӣ׼ȥλ档
곤
ţ˹
ߴôණ̫ġ˹ָԼŶӣ֪ܲΪܣ
¥ͷԡ
곤ҲҪˡ˹æݻǲԼŪֱӱˣǷڵ곤ܰġ
¥ˬ죬ֱ˵Ķ
󷽣˹Ϳ˹ҲСˡֻҲ֪ʲôΪлֻȿͷл¼¡
ջô࣬Ϊ곤̫ˡ
Ұǡ
뿪ˣ
һֱڵʱûãͻȻˣǵĴڸзŴ
͵²ڣСһоȾƶˡ
ǰ͵¿ٿѣȥ۲Ͷϵ̫ණʲôͳʲôֱߵĿ㶼һһݡ
ôûôˣ
Ȼʲô͵ųԲźóԡ
Ҿãϴ漸ɡһԱ˵
⼸Ǻ۲ͣҰʳϵʮѵ̴˱顣Ҫǿ͵»ڣĶ£
϶ҪǮġ곤Ѿ·ôಹ
֪ϴǲǻô١Сһݺҧһ齹⣬ɫſϡ㡣
˵ǼʸûܳԵʳҲ֪⼸ʲô
ӴˣɱɱҵĹȻûе곤ľ㣬ſ㵹Ǳзζ
ǻأھŵĶѴҴ·
ôˣСһͷҧִɿڡ
곤ˣǷ˵ˡ
һȺſ㶿ԶСһվߣôûǣ
ǳߵĶ͸ߣСһʲôͷҲصغϰ壬ȸ
ţһá
áϰӦˣͷͨѶϷϢ곤ˣĶûкҿһۣ
˶һƵһۡ
ϰ㿪ˣҵе곤
ʮû곤Żô񡣡ϰصͷ
Ƶӽǿʼת곤ûг֣һѴСС״ķɳͺͱصĲ̫һز
Ƶͷ󻶺
ƺвϵġܣôʿһˣôô¡
ϰҪϸһ㣬ȻƵһڣˡ
Ƶأš
㿴һۣ㻹뿴ۣƵ˵
ϰ壺
ȱ°ɣ
ϰ̯Ӷ뿪ˣʰʰ׼ȥвƹ￴֡
һĻкܶˡЩ곤ģ˵ãһ˵е곤ЩģȻûԼķݣǿӵУҲǳ˼ʶ
ǺڻǼʿʲôʲô
곤ʮǲĹùˣûУߡֺؿ˶һӻԸߵĺȫߡ
һոõһָʺǲʽӰԺ豸Ͳçƽˡ
ûֵĹڵ곤ǰաֳ漫ۡ
곤һ׼˵İ񣬷űװã治֪ʲô
Īǹ֮Ȥ
õϺƵĿ壬ֻҲûţñҫǾ˵ֵƵֱʽռ䴢
ǵ곤ãŻǣĶǼ쵰ջ͹ǽߣǸ˹һܵñ졣
Ұ¥ˮȣعĿ˹Ϳ˹ҲܵرĹע
ҰǹȥǼʣϿ˹Ϳ˹¸ͲܡҰǵ˸ûôĵĶ֪
ǵʱձ鲻á
ΪǼҲɳˣô꣬Ҳûջ񣬵һһҽȥٶҰЩ˳ȥһʻ
ܡ
ֲɵģܰ׸Ҵһ£Ū˼ƶʹ
һ԰ôǡΡӡһоңڷԡ
ţǿ϶ջջ񻹲С
ЩĥˣԻǼʵջ񣬿϶Ǹ߼İɡǲ⣬У
˹ոպ̫ϻĸͨ绰֮һڲ裬ƨɸհϵӣһʾˣõŵųɳ
װĿ˹ϲ㷢ư
еĲͻȻͲˡ


105 
ʲôƣ֧, öҪȼСˡ˹ſھű˶Կ˿Ƥߡ
ɳõŵų, õǳ켣ǼʵĹӶ֯
˹һʼںʱϵģ˭֪ȥˡ
ʵɳӰڿ, ſ˿˹һ£Ǹںںһ𣿾ӻҺ, бҴۣ
ã˴档
Ҫ, ǾһںںվȽŸ֮ȥƴƴĳɼ˹Ǻ, ŵ곤һ, Ͱ̸ˡ
ۣͯۡ˹һʱάŵ棬׬ǿ϶׬ģǲܴ۵ġ
֪ںˣʡͺں๤ǩͬû⴫ɳ֪, ںںܹ㰡
㲻תɣ˹Ȼ뵽ʲôںЩŵĲǼųƷľʽм˭
ˡɳһû¶Ц, ¾˶ܳ, οŶ, ˡ
Ϊ˹ϲֳһ
ɳҲĥ䣬ֱӽ⣺ǼвܶҵĶȤô, ҪҪҺ㹩, , һ𷢲ƣ
ҲҰǣ
ҰǻûܿǼʵʱţܲÿζ鷳곤ɣ
⵹Ǹ⡣ҰѾ˿ǼʵʱţҲó̫ˣǶҰǻǶ̫ۡ
ѡ϶Ǽʺ䣬
õŲǹӶ֯𣿡
ףչһְҲҶҪԷ
õѾϾĺߣ¥Ҳյ˺ЩϣлһȥǼʡ롣
ղջνҪǳʶ·Ѻ
˵Щˡ¥ʶҪͽ²ۣתͷŷûˡڻڤˣ׼Щ
֪ôģ¥Ȼһ£ЦҲջء
涼ˣͨѶÿһţһ¾˻Ӧ˲仹ǸоرĹ¶
ǸˣϾûжҲȫεĴˡ
ǲ̫̰ˣ
곤ϢСС飬ҰǵĶƺ˻ůˡ˸еůˡ
͸Ұ˵
곤ѵóڹٷƵҳϳ˼һ޸ҩڣ⿪һֻаҰǾ֤ܽ
֤ͨӵ⣬û˻ͻȻ˰ȫϢûûҹ棬һͶʡˡ
ûо֤˺ѯʣȴֻܵõЩԭסС
ˣǵ곤Ұ˵粿ĹƵģҪȥǵĳ
ûг
ֻг
Ǿǵг
ǾˣץòϢ˯Բ㣬ܵڵ곤ƹſڵĳ̶ȡ
ʲôѽ˵˵£ҿ϶⴫
֪ҵģ㲻˵ʳѰҺ֡
ʲôϵˣҿ϶ǰҰ˰֪һְ࣬ɣ
ô֮£ǻ֪һЩϢ곤ӣͨȫϢģʽ룬ῴһƬǿգ֮󡭡һһľѵͿʼˡ
ţ
ʲô
Ȼõľѵ
õϢ˶ɵˡ
곤ôҰ𣿲һףֻΪ˸Ұ
˵˵ǲôüҰ
ʧڣ
Ŀĳ¥һϵͨѶѡÿҲ֪ʲô⹫֮󣬾׼
˴δջ񣬽Ƶģʺϴ󲿷ľѵڤ뷨
ʵľڤ뷨ºͣڴ󲿷ġΨһȱǡռԲ˵Ч̫͡
⵽̥壬õЧˣǽĽԸܵģһֱƣҪͨƳʺڤ뷨
쳵ȡҪҪȥǼʣ˵б¥仰ѽսš
ֻլĽߣһ飬ûָһʲôջ˭֪Ħ⡣
޵λӴĦ˵ľѵۿ죬һ֮ʺڤ뷨ڤ뷨
¥Ҳú⣬Ǻǳӽȴûͼܰǿ
׼ȷ˵֪
ΪʹǺͳԷһǱܣͻĶ
Ȼͻȴ֪ôݽ̵ô
һпɽǿԼ츳ûǿǣ֪ȵȶǿģȴ֮ܰۡ
һֱǰߣ屻ʷеԭ
¥ֻ̾һ̴ӿ˹ĹҶһĻ޸ҩȵҰȫ˶ָ״̬йڤ뷨ӳ֣Ұǵδˡ
֮õĹһԴ
ʲôҪ𣿡Ϊ˺һ죬ӷ©͵ʷ飬Ӧ
ҫ¥࣬˽˵ĸл
ҪߵĳǳҲῼ
һеʱٴ𣿡
ĶҪͲţ˿ڸ֮Ҳû׷
ڻһ׷ʼڶ־ӺڰϷе
С
ѹ滷׼ĻԾȣӿٶȡ
ҰǱ֢ĥڣձ龫ǿȶߣǻǱȲϽڰϷǡ
Ȼ׳ø߱ȼĸã˭ҲܷЩҵǿһѾȻһףףͻٶҲϿ졣
ְԼչоЩҲзߣȥҳ¥ƹҰǵʵȨߡ
Դ¥һ𸴣Լһϣ
˵°ǾĹȥɾһ߲͡
ڤ뷨Ǵģû뵽໹ְ취ǳԼѭǿ˵ǰͽЩ˾ҲоƵĶĸͻȻҰǣŰ֮һ־˵Ŀ⡣
˾ʲôȫžУ;ƵŮʡ
¥ַ㣬Ⱦ𣿡벻ҪͥĻ⡣
ǽ㰡ƿǵ̱ˡ˵֮ǰֻǵǿƣôڼֱƵˡ
ǵ곤Ľ㣬ҰǵĽ㣿ҰǵĽ㣬Ǿ˵Ľ㰡
ϲĵĸûижֻëȻ
ֱӿռģûϵﻹôࡣóӦɺè顣
ٺ˵ֱʧھƹһεһƹݵ챻ˡ
治ǵ곤Ľ㣬ȫ֪ôģǼҵ˶㿪ʱ𣿡
˾ʲôСԲھ⡣
곤Ľҵ롭Ҹʲô
ǽ㹧һ㣡
һ·ᣬ֪ֺг¥һ׸ֵ֣ˣ
ҾΪƹһοźȸˣǵסԼĺ֮ҪǼǵǾƹݣ¥ɭִ̨ⶼҪվһŤˡ
ԭ˰ĴڰոձŰꡮ˾СԲ˫۷
곤һۣû˵Ϊ֮ĸȻܻ𾴣ڽвĶԴȻľη
ĸͻȻΪڤ뷨
Ҳ죬Ѿ֪Ϣˣ¥ָ㣬ȴĳڣסˡ
ǡ
˹һڹ̨ǰΣЩȵؿ˿ܣĸˣ
ƹͻȻְҶؿλò곤ԡ
¥˿ھƣϺø硣


106 
ڸ㲻ϲŵϰ, ¥̫ۣϾҲϲȥѰ·ͬעܿࡣ
һѵƶߣλƵζĵط, û뵽ġ
ڰϷĳûˣ޸ҩĳûˡѵĳȴĸ
һжԱֻоѵǽǡһûʳ
Ļ, ľ
¥ΪԼ˶, ΪԼ縺еϣ˻ѡԼؼһ
㱼¥ƺ־
ҪľһӢۣһȺѳ, һ弸꼸ǧŬȼ֮
һ˲¥˿źӳؼҳɳֱܵ꣬չɡ
Ҳá
, 뿪ʱҲ̫ġ
˹
Ĺ¥ع, Ҫ˵Щʲôƹһߴĺ, ʵıʯ쳣˳
ﰡСּ, ȴ㵱ɱĺأô
ιҪҵ޸ĴءĸӶ¥¡
¥Žĺ, ֿӶ¥ĵĸ, ٿЦлɢ, һ˲ë
жˣжû˳ͬһطˣ
ոոܹ֮ĸĺ, ӭ֮, û˺ĺƹݵĿǼҪסСࣺ쵽ʲôӣ
˼Ҫʱ뿪ŰСԲͽˡ
û곤СԲﻹӣһ񡣶ſڵİŰҲͷ곤ġ
ƿź̾Ҳ֪ǵ곤мҪ˵治ǵ곤˵ƶǿһһ
λҲйӴ˱ȥ˾ƹݶ¥ռ䡣
Ϊ˾ѵĲģ¥Ϊǵ˲衣
ôôܲĸ̣Լ˲ˮôǰһΪѾųɹˡ
Сһ㡣㣬һ
ȻǱչȴûһֱžѵ⣬ǳ߳˵˺ܶճ
Ҳܾûо۵һˣǰʱҲһ
ﻹôþơƾʵ˹õļƿƣһӰϣʲôúȵģȾƣ
ƻ裬ѾѡΪδ־ڡĸšһƿֱӹࡣ
ı鲻ǷŭҲǸˣӵúܡ¥²ߺǺȻоһּݵļȡ
վҪĻǸ绹磬ǽȥǡ
оʽǼ֮
ʧ˵
ʧ
ţһĴĺҲ¶ӱ飬ع硣
ǳ˯תɢ׻ع鴿
¥סˣ֪ǷΪ˺ڰϷûнյġʾһҲع
Ǽȶ
һֻһǴڣ࿪ԼĽŲҲ˳ΪٵĴ˵
ǲĳ̶ֳϾڼ
¥΢΢ףŲ豭ֲһ£㣬ҡ
ǲʲô
ΪʲôԨζڳ¥Ӧ˵ʲôõʱȻס¥üͷһͿĸĬĬ¾ƣζšȷԨϢ
𣿡ûôеĺҿĸɣ
͵ĸǺǣûгڴôôصĺۼ
ˡԼСѧṰײ˵οǲںһ˹¶ģܶ˾ܹ¶ãܹ֮ѡʵġ
ھͿʧˣʱֲŲһˡ
ǿϧ˵㣬Ҫع磬ʶҲԸ壬ǲкĸÿϧĺһǿ
˵ʲôü޵Ĭ𣿡
졣

¥Ҳ֪⻰ôһ·յȥġҲóλֳͰΪ˲𣬲Ż˵Щ
ʵ֪ڵĴڣǶ룬߲µڵʵ̶뵽һбʶйء
δɣԽԽá
ˣ㣬ȥǼʵʱǿյ𣿡¥ת˻⡣
ڻǼʵʱҲ׼˶Ϊһ̫鷳ֱӽǼʿݣҡ
ĸ룬ǸСĶϲӬһĶ𣿻Ҫ鷳ȥǸÿݣǲεĿԱ
Աã
ĸЦӬһ룬û
¥Ϊʲôᱻһ룿
ò𣿡һƽͣ¥ϲˡҲˣĸͺΪһܶǧ˰ģ峹ױȻȾģ
ô־
ýǿΪС·ȷʵ˺ܲġ
ЩʱҲ˽ĸ֮磬Ӵ󰡡ϵĸֻһŲ۵ӡϵҲֻǺһɳ
˽⵽һ֮󣬺Ȼ֮ǰƴĶʡ
ЩǿֱӸ򣬰ԭʺϵĸʺϵġǺΪ˵峤ɱľ֮ܡ
ۡ¥Ĳˮһ굽׷ʲô
Ȼһ߽ĵĸĸп
Щؿ輸ϷɽĲˮֻǣûսѾȥϵսһ飬šѻרŽӹǼʺ
¥еԾû֡
¼ԪԿףҲµʷĿˡʧѳɶ֣һգǻϵҶƬһ»֡һ²ڳ¥ǰȻְͷϡ
Σʱˡֻһά֣۰ɣ
ó¥Ī㡮ίͻȻҪ˵ЩʲôӣԳ¥ֻЦЦְʲôۣ
ȣǺøթе㲻˵ĵĸƷڳ¥ǰƿĲ豭Ҫ˵ֿ
ų¥ȻʶʹԼȶ˾ͺް취
ҿɲʲôعصĻ࣬ԣȵ粻ҪǣῼǷְһִȥ羰
¥м֡
˸񻯵ְǵľ󶨣ְ֮ǻɢɴİɣ
ȻûҪô취ģǻʱ䣬뵽ģʲô
ԭֻһ뷨
¥ЩʧΪԲڲһ벻Χְɢİ취Ǿһ﷫ˡ
Բ𡣡ĸͻȻЦǡƴůⲻһ˿Աġ෴Ϊǰ¶£Ƿ׼ʱ䡣
˵ǻҪİ
¥²豭Ҫʲôһ쵽
Ҳôֻ࣬ĸǣϣæռһЩϡĸһö¼ıʯ
һܴ󵨣ɹʲ͵롣
š¥ͷʾϴ
УĴڲ١¾ʱ򣬾µ档˵еĴתΪ˲ԴӹĽ֡
¥Щ죬Ҳûж룺Ҫʲô͵ϣ
ֱ֮Ϊϵͳ˵ڸͨռȡ壬ܻȡĴڡ
¥
ˣƽΪڰϷϵͳǾżļһΪתġȻȡķʽȽϼˣ˺ҲӦΪ䡣
¥¥ĬĬ˲豭Ȳ裬ѹ


107 
ԴӼ, 곤ʱˣƺʲôš
⾭ִ͸Ĳϣͼݾĵ, ֻзĵҲһ̽Դ, ڴߵˣ⹴һɫļӰ
Ѿ˺ܾ, Ҳƺܾá
ͼƮɢŵī, м濾ζ˵ͼݵĹԱʱıøˮ, ѾвΪֲֶ㡣
ڷԼٽڤ״̬󣬸ˮͳҰ˵³衣
û뵽곤Ҳзաѹ˵Ů¶ڴ, Լܹȥοһ, ӵ
Щֻǻ, ̧ͷӶ, ˵Ե곤Ҳֻüﱻ顣
¥û, ֻڻ䡣
Ҳʮ꣬Զļգȴ쳣ģ, ԼҲ׽͸еĹؼ
ʱС, ȥսһѾ洳ºպʢĴڣûеס
Ϊ֮һ, вԡΡķʽֱӴ񡣳¥Щ, һ, ΡͻῪʼ
һʼǱšһ̬
˵ǺڰϷ
ڰϷǿ, ǿǡƶߡݺóŪġƫƫ¥ӦĹ, ҰŹǰġ
ǺڰϷɵĵһͨ߿ѡ򣬻߹עһҪһξԹƽսĻᡣ
߻ŪĵĺڰϷͨһ֪һΪ˼òˡѡ˺ߣһξԹƽսᡣ
ڰϷûϵԭס񣬶һȷǸԸΪԼˣѡ˺ߡ
¥ںڰϷ֮ǰǧľḻҿ̹ǣóпѡ񣬱һһδԼļޣ粻Ҳ޷ʵ֪ԼôС
ΪСԿǿΪ΢ҪվΪ׷
ԺڰϷ޻þƭй٣ͼұʱס˵ߣҲǡ
ΪΪһκ¡
һĥţĵڰϷԼࡣ
øһں·ȻʵܳɹżȻͱȻƶĽ޷ơ
̫͵ЩǿΪ˲ؼ䣬ЩʶҲǡЩԼչһάߣЩԼɡ򡯣˸
ΪҪΪϵͳûпԡ
ΨһǣЩڸġϵͳǲڵӵԼĴԪռ䣬ǸռеĹõġ
ǺڰϷÿһǲСλ棬Сλ湹
ĴԪռ䡣
ЩʶǾԲϵͳԼԡϵͳֻ͵˽ԼĴԪռ䣬ռ֮Ķ
ǡϵͳ̫ǿѹ
ţڰϷߵһʮѹʶ·ߡںЩʶʲô뷨˵ɸѡɸѡ˵
ҲֻҶЩСĻûǼ֡
ߵʶ̫ǿԼڳ¥ѾɺڰϷҲûʶ¶ֽ֡ţֻͨ𡤽ɭʶ֡
ȥĶŪЩλ棿
¥Ȼ뵽ǼʵǸ壬СλרңϴǸչԸƵġΪǶӵһۡ
Ȼϴ˳˼һС򡭡¥ĪЩֻ֪֮ü
곤
ܼſٵŵĲͼݴǰͣ룬ҷɵ鷢ڳ¥ǰľǸ侲Ĵܼҡ
ʲô£¥룬ﲻʣվ߳ȥǱ߱˵
곤ĴҰǣҪΪʹ߰ݷ
ܵͣҧԳ¥ˣŶǺúд̾
뵽ˣ׺ǸӺڰϷдĶ
¥ĽŲ켸֣Ű칫ߡ
׵׺ŮѾڰ칫һԱ߻мͬˡ
ŶܺóԣǷһ㡣׺һССĴ̣ŴĴ죬Ѹֱӵȥ
һڵķ
Ұ˲֪ϲʲôɴѸ㶼ϡŲʳҲ֮ͨ
ƺЩ˵θڣѳСɽĵľ뱻ɾҲǼˡ
Ӵ鲿ˣйνӴʹߵľ顣кܶ˺棬û޷룬ֻǻ·
ø߰ѹǿĶƵĵطоȫһ
ꡪᶯǲǡ
ͬڰϷѡУӱһӵҪ˽⡣ĵͨغڰϷ̣޿Խĵط
ξǹĿġΪ滷ƵĵطǲҪ־һЩΣĴǣһ
곤ˣ
ΧɢԼİ칫ҡ
곤ܺ˵곤ߵ˿ɲ˵ְأᱻǴҪ۳
¥ʽŲҴҵ칫¥߽ڲСݡ汾Ա˵Ц̧ͷͦվֱˣұõ䣬ó޴Ŀռ䡣
¥
ЦЦתŵվţʰ¥㰴
ݶ밲״̬
ڣݵҪĵ¥㣬¥߳ȵŹرգԱ³һ໥һۣ̲סЦˡ
곤ãС㿴Ȼ˵ʲôиУ顣
˵곤ҲأΪʲô
곤
곤
곤á
¥һ·к˵ͷ΢ЦսŲһֱ쵽Ļǰ棬Զ򿪣ʺȵ¥Ÿ롣
׺һ߽ŵģһ߶֣һμˣࡣ
¥λ£鲿ȵˮ
лллȵҲ£΢Цſ׺꣬ΪĴ
׺룬ǰɡʽļ棬ֻΪٰҵİ̴仰
һǣá
ã¥̯̯֣Һܺãϣİһжá
׺ۣ֪Ǹ˻ǲˣë׵ʵڿЩ΢仯쵹̵ģӦûǡ˵İɣ
ڶǣʱװֶŮͰˣΪرİȫһḺġ̯̯֣ʱҺҵĻҪʱ鷳ˡ
ǵȻ¥ûôԥӦ¡
ոǾ仰ֻǰչһ̽Ϊѵ̽
һ˳Դʹȥݷá֮õ໥ʶнɡ
׻˵Ѷ·֮Ҳãȡġꡯ
Ѿ־ѵΪʲôûиңɫƬļצסĲӣ㱳ң
ûСѵĺţڴ£һڵ飬ҪȷϢʵģͨ
˿Ļˣɫĵƣ仰ʵ
֪ҺҰǳìܣʧ֮нݻˣԵҪһЩʱ䡣
ûϢأ޴ж仰ʵԣżɫĲãһ̵ƣʾ仰Ҳʵġ
ɿ֣Ǻ£Ҳʧȴʱ
ȿȡǡŲӣվı黹һƽһᾡΪŰĵطԼõˡģǿŵˡ
ĴЦһ㻹һȤѹǵһˡ
֣һŮ߹ȫˮһ֡һˡ
ҵֶŮҲΪѡӡ
ŮԶ΢΢һЦ𡤽ɭͫСˣס
Ϊ
ҳϡ˼˵ȵԼһݣзӺ͹
ѪĺԼѪԵϵϲ˸λϲ²£һ֡ʹ͡͡Ӵ˾Լˡ˼
˵оݺͷӡ
һ֡ʩ
Щȫ֪һ̣ѹڵµȴ˷ܣ죬ǡ
ŭ
ֻūŻᱻūʹӡ


108 
˶֪ʱ, ĶѾ硣ξдǧɨƽĸǵļһ̰ؿŻָĸǡ
ʺϴ󲿷̼ԸܱҪӡ
Ѿ滮δ;Ϊϲֲʵʳġ֡
滮û, ũҵеķ, һũҵҪһˡ
Щһ̫ĥ, ˶ԥڶҲʮ, Ǹɲ¡ЩӵЩûȴռҪλõ˾
ͬϵˣڲҲ˵ȼʱ˻Щ²ýҩϢӰԭǴȷʵ̡
֪ЩŸ֪սʲôģļһڵ, ڰϷѡ񣬱ߵעһ֣Ҳ̲ס
Ҫô̲סһҪô̲סͬɽ
ȻΪҵûж, ԽԽǿŻԽԽ֡
Ѿѻ֢Ӱ, ǸѵģһٽʽǼУʱ鷳
Ŀǰڹ¾սûкĸиߵɺϵ, ԻԴ
, ڰϷûѡʱ, Ҹɡ˹ٴĺϵź
ˡһµ鱨, ΪϵȽϽ, ̲ס, ˣǸĸΪ£
ĲûϵֻҪηǣҷá㰡ˡÿ˶ãͿôáҼʮ꣬һ˿װһ꣬ȴ޷αװʮ겻¶һۼĻ˶ƭ
Ұǡ
ʱְεĿɿСңԶļλʹ߹Ұǡ
ڹïϡʹ߶ԣҰʵ̫̫ɰˣרΪ˺Ƴ԰
ƵĽȺĴ¥¥֮ķСĽ
񻹱ԭʼʹ߸޷Ȼװ˼ˣһֱӡ
Ƚϰҹһַ羰ɿЦ˵
ÿҹĻ٣ϳǵͶӰƲ֮ϣʹҹɫҰǵĻ
˷ԻõĲɫĵƶˣƽģֹĻģֱߵߵġ
һ˲ǺʵξС
˯Щһ￪ʼεǴ翴װװ߲ӵĻǺӱɢ֡ȶ
ЩлʹװõЬҲҹƣǶʱ򣬹ҲŶǡ衣
ֵĵɭִ̨Ϊůѩڣݷ־ȵس̨ϡ
˼ܻӭݳᣬи硢赸ݡױݣԼԵı
ݡ
ֳܵҵգʵıݣһжѵġΪ˱˻ҵķ˿͵ϹȫϢշѰ汾
ҰǿֳݳͱѾοҰǵһҪԭ
׺ǶԿɿ˵ЩܸȤЩճӴ󲿷ǻﶼԼӵе档
ڻǰ죬ǼСĽߣʱʱǻҪȥһɰĵ̺ͱŵ۽еǡ
ôܼǶȽУкܶ岻ϲȺӣһƬݺʮɭֻһͬˡ˾ס̫˺ܲ
׺깭űٺٵؿƶࡪĺߡ
ɿɱ˵ҲоסԣĵطҰ˵һռһƬʮɭ֣ɿɱ죬Ȳ˱Ȳˡ
ӵôḻԴ٣ȻȱסȺ˵սֱˡѹгϣһͳĹӶųƹӶĸƷ
곤˵侫ҰǡҰǵľ棬Ľˡ
ʵҰҲһЩĽĵط
ǿռŰɣһȻôĿռšҲԽЩȥ̼ҾͲ÷ԽʮɽҪԽһƬˡ
Ƽͣԭʼ״̬ƾսӲǼġ
Ҫ̻ѵ
ɿгֻЦݼֱ̫ϣȻ⣬ǵĹ̶ӿ԰æ޽Ŷǲѵڲۣ
ȫݸλͺϰ߶ƣŵ͡ͿɫԶƣ
ţ𣿶Ǯ׺ĸȤͷѯʡ
ɿҲ˽Ұǹ̶Ӹʱŵļ۸һ˫ͨУѡͣԱú͸ֱգǼʻһ·ѡ
ٰһ飬ٿǵǮɿԥŽֳԶһ˫Ҹ߶ȣһҰɣ
ټһ䣺ȻѵϣԸһ۴ۡ
û뵽仰ûڣ׺۾һôŻݣȻѣãȶ顣һͨҰ̼ңһͨҰҡ
Ѳݣˣ
ɿʹ̣΢Ц׷һַжҪҪһ¸߼ʱţ
߼ʱţ
ҰɫĶͨʱŽһ飬Ժļ弶ϵֻҰĿǰṩ
۸ҲʵݣͬţͰĸطȫߴԼ趨ͨţԽԽŻݡɵʽʮ걣ޣ۸ҲŽ
ɿóļƣҪùܶ࣬ؼʱ̣Ǯʱ䣬һпܡ
ʺعϡĵطǶһһԶࡣ
룬һ룬˭һָͷ
׺еһ㣺û˸ָͷ
׺һҲǶߣռΪ֡ôפںںĴ
ôţһ·û꣬ѾһȻĿǰֻǿͷԼԷƣɹĿԼ
ɿɼҪ֣Ȼ޶ëôŴĺ޶һһ
ʱѵһµףǿˣǵǿףǵܻǶơ
ȻЩǸģĿͻɾв١
ЩƲãϷչֻͷһ˼װΪһָḷ̌ȫ޶ëŶӣĲһֱ˻ܻݵȷ·ϡ
ǿȺ;ȱȲЩߵģˣŶӣࡣ
ɿЦеģſڣȴ˰ҰǸһ顣ӵ³ǵĶĳ飬ϳǵͶʽӰ飬һ߿ܿᣬݶ֮Ծ׷׷գ׷ʱ⡣
߽ʴĻѵ
ǵĿⱻݵοɱλסˡ
ҹƹ׼ˣ¥žƵӴӾƸҨơ
һúںزƸҵģüӱ㣬;кܸŨζҲˣʺƷ
þûƷˣ־ƵܶԸһ󡭡ţ¥εͨѶ㿪ɿɵİ񵯳
ɿɣֻһˣʣʹأ
ԡ޹͸ƤëľͰĦ񡣡ɿɽЦرã곤ʹŵļҪǼ簲װͨʱš
¥һ£
ȫ
¥е飬˼룬ȷԼÿɿɵνܺĵطģǽܺõƷȻɺʵ֮ϲӹʣӽ
ÿ˹һ𣿡ָһ㣬⼸Ǿ׬ң֮ͻ
ھûУ͵һԶతھ
ʲô۸񣿲ᶨƴС·ԼеɱȻҲ׬׬þͲˡ¥е㵣Ŀɿɱ۵ˣߴ͵ʱﶼǸ߿ƼһͻԵʱռ
һİңһϲⶥ



109 
ҰһŶԼ007Сܲÿ˹ֱӻҰǡ˵ѾݵŮ, һŽ߹òŶˡ
Ǹʵ̫ˡ
ֳʽһʮ巢ת㵼Դ˻״ӡڡһɵһãʮȽбĳװ׳, ٵƵĸɫξ˻ס
ſΪṩƷ, ΪÿһͻרװֻãõҲֻܵשͷ
СܲһӶûȣʱŷַӾ͵Ұǡû뵽, ԼǵһҲһҰǲ˵ҲûŹ
첻, ãѾֳĿ˹кոջعĿ˹ҲΪɹˣǹҸֲϵͳͦġ
˹ܺá
ʵ߸·ߵҪķװ, ǸĶ
Щλ׼ؼҸС档šƴңؼҸ档ȻңںݳƷ汾
Դ˼άȥ, Ļףп˹ҵ̿ȫķϵͳ, ʲôͻȻֵĿɿЦĿ˹ļ
ʲô˹һʱһ, ̫ϲֱӽӴ
Щ, ŮԸǿ, Ҳǿ, һԸ׶˵ȱͶϣԿԳ, ˷нϴȱڡ
ɿɻʾˣ˹Ҫ, ǰ׵ܲáǰ׵ܲ, һӺͺͿ˹ȥ˽̸
˵𣿸˽ƷɻУĹǿչ, ֪Ӧðʲô顣
ɵÿһǶɡѴҡ
ǿɿԹһ𷢲Ƶԭ
ͷæµĳ˿ɿɺжʵˣҰǹٷġ
˾ȻôϣһǩôĵӡǾôǣ˼⡣
ܼ򵥣ǲ¡˵
ոҲаæȿˮ
Ȳ˵ֵĲ࣬˵ѰͲԻǰ;顣οɿó˫ĶҲɵӡ
еĵλߣޡ֪ӶǮͻھúƷϿǵĲӡ
ҰԼϢ;Ҳ΢˽״ûԼƷֻܸ߼۹
ǡǡ෴ȴΪ̫ãԼŷչ͵ѧ¡ŻԺܶƼѾͨǼˮƽߣƫƫֺѺá
Աṩĸ߼Ʒ˵Ǽġ
ôһļҲǺ
ǰûƶֻ곤ƤԱʵĿɿɾȻôҵͷԣ׼ȷץס̻ӹ
Ұǵм̵λС׬һʡ
žν䣬ͨ˰ɣ
֪ڻǼʿʲôʲô˶˲С仯
ɿɾͲ˵ˣǮչ֮˭ҲˡʮÿоʣǱ߶ҽԺֲ˵ˡ
͵·˷ѵһʮСʱСʱ˯ߵѧϰڤ룬ʣ³˱ҪĳԺڻѵ
Щİ֮ǰ𾪵ġѵĵһжΪȥ˻Ǽʡͬرı仯Ҳȥ˻Ǽʺ
ǼǸΣգҲĵط˵ĸ
Ķ֮ǰѡȥǼʵˣҲǺڣǶеźһε곤ٴȥǼʣ˵ʲôˡ
ĵʱǱƺֳ˼һ򲻹ЦСܲÿ˹鶼ˣɼһ׬˲١
Ϊм̣ҲΪ֤˵ҰǴɿɴǩԼ
ͷЩ͵ҲҪҰǰæΪʱֻҰֱϵǵķɴֿԴ׬һ·ѡ
һ޶ë˶⣬ǰƶ˿ɿ˲š
Ҿ׬ĻҰǵʱţ˵ﶼȽġǵ߼ִ˵еĿֲԪռ䶼졣
ʲôֲ֪곤˵ڵľѺ͹ʶóˡôԼֱµʹŵȨô𣿡
ԱߵĹǰﲻʲôæҲΪϲֻķܺˢҳҪ˻ء顣
ŪҪӰ֮ġ
ʵҲĥĥܴһģʲôˣɭʡ
ʲôˣ̡
Ǯˡ

οǻ嶼ɱĺսʿ츳ر𼫶ˣڻһ㡣
˵һǮֲһ츳Ʒرõʲô
Ȼ򰡣
򵽾׬
Ǯ˼ҳĸ棬ϲֶԼҪģɨǺ
׬Ҳ׬˫ӮǸ˶㿴Цģ¶һˡ
ɭ˵꣬ոǩһ׺ȻЦһŰɭɭĴ
ΪʹŰС͵ĲƷܻڰ칫¥ײ㣬Ĳܼ˹İȫͨҰ˲֪ʲô£ûȤ֪
ǺǸ޴εʲôٺһ¡ڿˡļ
ֻбĵˣŻøְ취ȥ̽Ϣ
ץס˲ٱĵˡһȻǺˣ֮ǰûκġ
͵ˣѵҳһ
ֱ顣
Щ˱Ѻڲͬĸ䣬һɫ·֤ûκβضĵط
ظƶ©ϸ΢Ķ仯κͼɱΪᱻֹ̽
ֻ⼸ˣ
Ұ߻ӣձµ߽ϵͣʵ˵ֻô˱߷͵»ͦ⡣
ⲿĴ󷽣һϷݣһӣһʾ޶Ϊи˿סڵ
СһٺЦ곤Ѱһ޸ҩҾѵİ취ҪǱ治Ƕ
˵һ룬СһЦʧΪǺͳôһǶģȥΪЦ
ˣ͵ļ磬ǻû¾ͱץȥ𣿡
⼸бżͽģбͽģбŮͽġҰ˵İǵĵ곤κƻҰǡ
곤ĸҿ
ҲΪ˽õǲϣκƻڵӣѡ
ѶҵĴſˣԱ
ʳ𣿡
ʳˡҩƼֶΣܣֻǮŪһЩΧϢǾЩϢأ㲻ϱҰǡ
͵һǲãҾáһأ
˵ľǳԺǸһ֮ǰѾĸҰǣҲûѧ͹ľʵûɡ
Ǹȥι齨ͥԱȽ鷳
˼ͥˣΪǣҺͰѱͱȽ˿пܳɱΪ
ļͥ͵ֱЦΪǰһﻹǺȹƣΪڸ顣
ϴ侲ǻġ
͵µͷĵ׸ҳ⣬ôôҪ˽´ˡٷ£Ͳֻǿ۹ˡ
֪ϴ󣬺͵곤һˣԽԽ¡ӴСһʹű򵽵ͷ
ʵǰЩ˽ֳ̣ˣǰĺ졣йƶȣЩƶȱ֤ǺԱ棬Ҳ淸ߵ棬ֱ˾һ
͵ʱҲϰߣǻԼ
Ƚ㣬ȥѵҡ¿͵¾뿪˺
Ŀ뿪ϴǳȥһ˵׷ʲô£ǰͺƴڸǱ׷һһͣ´ͻᱻԵһʱ䶼Լˡ
Ϊ֮ɣСһɵı飬ɻɻȥ곤ľƹݣ롣
˶


110 
Ұϰǵ곤첻, Ҳû˷ȥһ˻Ǽʡ
ȥǼʶüƻϰãǿţ
¥Ϊ˿ٳǼʵȥ, ̿λ£ԼҪһλĹ
Ϊһ̫׵, Ҫʮ˲ܴĿģ¥ֻ̽ܽʱΪĸγ, ٳǼʵͳĴǡ
ĸ嵮ϵ, һܼʶĿʼĻ, δһͬࡣ
ʱͽ¥ͬ࣬һͬԴʱĹһ̡
¥õģԶž, ĴӦţ嶼ɢ⣬ת
ĳ˲䣬ΪԼص˸ոյʱ
ΪǴһŻеʱǡâƺڰ, Ϊǵǳ˯ĴҲ
ʱպʹ֮Ψһǻ, ҲǾԵǡһֱʷ̨
ʼ, Ҳ˳ʱ
ʾõͬ쳣񣬲ԭȡ˳С̫ΪһЩԼòϵλƬ
ⶼСشʱ, мСһֻᱻĴռ, ԴΪȫµСλ档
¥֪ôл, ԼܾƽóƵľƣЩǻС
ˮԴԴϴǸСС̳ðͻ۳˸ĺӣһɱӿĴ󽭡
󽭶˵Ҳֻһ˿ϸ
վˮųɡһΡĴϡྫֲõ·ŨһξˮӴƯţ͸Ĵ趯
ϲ
¥Լƾ˳ȥЩλƬҲϲ
ѵĻ죬˷¥̵ȥԨ
Ԩ·ͨڤ߿Ļ䡣ԨƺͣɫҴңϰ·ϵ
õ£˯պҪȥ£·ۻĳ¥ûилǧ֮
¥ϸ֮ˣûԼǷЩ񣬶塣
صıŤԸǽ׼ġ
ڤأ¥ʡ
ڵ㡣
˯һԴѹͻȻҪ⡢ģҪʻ÷䣬ڤӦһ确ԤҪ׼
Ƕ007ڤȴпԼᣬ˯ٹ뿪¥ǰߣԽԽԨ
Щ忴ǰ̫һǶĥִΣĵòǹǱΪԼ߽ļҵ
ӦøҳֵϢʱ䡣뵽ѾȷҪʧؼ䣬ȴ֪
ڿҿҹ¥Щ̡
ѵĸǴϢ˽ڣȴûоȡ
֪ˣ
ûк磬͵ĸһ˵
оԤԡʱ򣬽ȥҳ¥Ȼûȥ
¥עҪ뿪ģһҪߵһΪԼ˻һֱͣϱȽϺá
޷ٻȥֻҪ뵽Զڣůġ
ڸֻܹһ˵ĸо֮ƺҲܲʲôˡֱ硣
Ȼû뵽ĸ˻ȥҳ¥Ұ¸û뵽ѾʼΪʧ׼˾巽
Ҳˡ¥Žڣü㲻ҡ
ĸǶǵһʱѰҽİ취ȴѡһ̬Լ
ԡš£ƺûִ̫
˵ĩܸı䣬ϻʲôǲԵģ
¥ɫ۾īɫ۾㣺㲻˵Ѿ˶ôȥ
ӻǼʴλƬЩƬлɳΪλ棬СλдЩƻǿ¥󡣡
λƬһĿռ䣬ŽʣƬεĹ۾ԸоڽӽУλƬűиʯҪ貵Ĺ⡣
ȻڶӶֻΧĳ¥
ʵûҲǲΣֻǾ²Ҫ׼Լ취
ˡ
˫ֻﶼͻȻͲ͡ôҲͦõġ
һĵط붫̫˲ˡ¥뻹ǲУھ⣬һС˼Ҫƫ
˵֣ûʵ̫ȤˣʱҰҰɣ
Ԩžǵǵڤƾ֮ݲڤͷߣƹɡ
Ŵ죬ʼʵԡ
ڤǲʲôµħ䣿
ͬ鿴̾Ϣһѹ㵥
ΪʲôͻȻ
곤ֵһγھƹݣһҰǵмҵݱ̶̼ʮѺùҡ
֮ǰҰǣڹؼʱĬĹҶڱ
ôĹңڲҲоģһӴһᣬѵĴ
ЩҶغʹŽӴŬͷ⡣ǿеĲʹ⼸µĶܴ֮ڵĳõóףԼ֮ꡣ
׺һֱЦеģΪ˶
ºЩһҰǣԵ곤˸лʾϣܼߺ
곤Ҫȥķɴ𣿡
Ұڲʱ
ԼȻǺЩкϵǰԼоơΪνӴҪ̫ܵԪء
¥Ҫ˼ЩҴǸŵĿ˹ͳڴĿ˹ܴ
ȫǽӴʵҡҡͷηɴϵƷҪרҵԱԣǹҿ϶˻ȥȻⲻǵ˽һ㡣
ϺͶҲۡ
һΣҰҪΪΰݷʹŵĸˣ߾Ȩ
ǵȻʡ
ڴ˹ʶ
곤⼸ѾץסھǱļˡǶ⴫ݹھѵϢ
о͸¶õϢ
ϣ׼
͵ܽᡣ
¥ͷʱûټǶĹעǳ֪ھѵѾ޳ڸѺùҡ
ֻҪɢȥٶȹ죬Ǿ֪ô
֪ѾĻûбѹ𣬷ԽԽˣǸ鲻֡
Ҳһһ㱨ǵĹΪ¥ĦĶǿԼװ
СͷɳͥӰԺѾʼŻܹ˰ܿɹ
ҽԺߵЧߡ
ǵıЯʽҽһθ»ԺϸЧЯǡ
ҽƻҲнչֻ˼΢С̷ͨע壬ﲡ׼ȷƣ֮Ҵлκθ
λȷΪףҴеĻƻĺ²ֱ͵ЩҴǰܵһʱ䣬ǷЩС
¾Ͳ¥ˣȫȨʸ
֪Ұǵĳÿ֣ǲ¡
곤£¶ˡ´Цһڵ֥ʿɡ
¥·ܶΣȴǵһ̤롣ǰ´ﵽľƹѣҲֵǵ´ˡ
С
Ϊúã´ؿǵ¸ںÿռչҪķࡣ
ֻͨˣոؿûǮԱһֱôãҲῼǹӶˡ
Ű˹Ŵ£߸ߵڵꡣůɫĹľƵϣտõһڻ֥ʿ˿ʡ
ҧһɣۺůʹһֱ굽¥ΪʲôôܻӭּڳůɿڵһȵĲ裬̫Ҹˡ
Ա߽ڳԵݮС⣬ֽƵ̢С⡣ʱԲģϰһСԲȻϸ
һȦٷ뿾濾
õСҪˢһݮȻϼݮһɫ˪
Ȼܼ򵥣ڸȴ
ڼڳһְһСֽݵ¥ߡ
¥ҧ£ݴĹͼ˻ͺ濾ĵߣ۾
ʽĵڸһ㲻΢ݮڸо˳һڻٳһڡ
ҲԼ˾úܺõ͵ߣô
ӭų¥ߣڳһڣͷóԡ
¥۾¶Ц⣬תͷŰ´ͨĴָζܰ
´ԭЩŵı̻ɿ۾ĲЦݣͨײһ£С˵ʵˡ
´ֻǺٺЦ
ɿ͵´źѲ֣ñӴӴ߹ůɫʪ紺Ŀ͵̲סһۣɿڵҲ˳Եĵ곤
ĺɫѥͣЪһӡǣ˻׵ɳССĿͨͼܺóԵӡ


111 
ǰķɴ, ¥ƽ̨Ϻǻ֡
һΪӡ
ǳҪһģʹڿʼɡ¥Ϸĸһλõ, ǻʹȻгദһȥӣһβС
ȵɴƲ㣬뿪ǵߣ¥תͷڸôʣµˡ
֪ǷǾѵĳ, ǰҰͻȻ˹ȺҲֻҰһУˡ
˸о̽ʵ͸ЩԾ
ǵһĸ»ͻ֢ĽЩĽȫûӦеĻЧǴݾߡԭΪҶиһα񾭡
¥Щ²⣬ֻû˵ڡ
¥뿪ƽ̨æ, ǿʱ, ̧žǰ칫
﹤Ա࣬Ųæ
һǴ͵ѣһʵҰĿǰʵԱҪҸֵһŬ
ǰһȺŲĹͻҰǵĵ£нӴֹ඼ĳֲֻþ, Ѫ֢״
µ˴, ѪҺĭһʴ
ƽ, ǰȥԮĺ˶˼, ҽԺš
οǵһʱ䱻αûʲô⡣
ЩҲֻ֪˵ֹϴŲдȾԣ˺֪һִȾԼǿҺĿ²
οΪȫõϣյҰǵ⳥һûаιϮǵ£о̼д˺ܶСķ롣
ϵķӦҲûдҰǵҵΪȺĳ֣һЩﰮ¶ҰһΡ
Ҳ֮ǰ¥ƶĶ³ײɹĽ䣬кüȿ˲ƵĿռţսʿװֺܾе˲̫ࡣ
֮Ҳûдܣûɢֻš
´ͷβر˳¥ɻ
ʧȥǣѪбĲһͳһ֡ʬ
ЩСʲߴȾԼǿ˺תĲС淨ͥУҲǾԲʹõ
¥ҲûǼʷͥ壬ԶÿԼȡ
Ҳ˼ᣬȻ彫ʬֵϱ淨ͥҪࡣ
Ҫ˵ٻҲУôһҶ֡
ɻǣʬѾֶ꣬ΪʲôҰǵƫƫԽģͬʱԭʼĶꣿ
ֻԭǲҰǵ£Чϵ͵ģ
Ҳܰ·
ڲ
սʱԼ֣ԼӰв
ȦӾáԴȷƲãܱìܵȵȡ
ɹȻ޴ЯɱǿԭʼǴϼӴ
¥̲ס͵͵ֻԼһЩۼԴӾڤ뷨֣δѾδ֪ĲҲ̫ʹˡ
Ȼܶʣ¥ɴ˹Ⱥɧҡ
л߷߲УҽԺҲȫоֲͬʱԮҵĲѧרңڶҰǵо
ԽǲϣǸʲôǾԽҪʲôǾãƻǺĺͬʱǾѵƹϰ
ԽˣǾԽǲ䡣
ͨҰҲô롣ûжԤΪرĲһƬңڶ̶һ֮ھͿס
ŷḻĺ͹սľ飬ҰڷֹȺĵһʱͨȫͨȥĵطʵûа취ʱܣȥ;顣
֮󣬳ֹȺĵ³Ƿȫװľӽ롣
߼ʱ߲գ˼в³ϴһй̾Ȼڼһ˷ƻ
ǿҰǸЧӦԴʩȺǱ¾ĺȥĸǡ
Ѿŷɴ뿪ĸǣ¥Ҳʱˡ
ǰµȴȥ
ǵδƹ㾫ڤ뷨һʮºͣʺŮ٣츳û̫Ҫѵ
ҪߣЧҲߵѵѾüĿ
ͨһνľӣˡӰѵ
ƺڰϷĳ̶ȡͣҲǴĦȫͶʽӰ豸õС
νȫͶʽӰָ롯Ӱ磬ʶֳ룬һѡĳɫϣȫͶ룬Ҿһ⣬ϵӽǿš
ǰ߾ͺɫ˴ߣ߾һӰӽǡ
֮ΪȫͶԸظܵӰ˵ġԽĿֺʹ̼ȫͶ룬Լһ˾ֲɣ׳޷롢⡣
֮ᵽӰģʽΪ֣һȫǽɫӽӰʱʵľһֱƭ״̬
Ӱһʶ֪ԼڿӰžǾ񲨶ܴоͿܷͻơ
¹شҰҲ׼쳵רоרѧǣרҰǹͬо
ΪٵĴ̼ĹǿǰŽᣬŸҿڽ˹רѧߡ
ҰƳþѵˣҲӵѾȺߵĳ֮һ
ڶྫǿңǺܶ㾫оѧȥĵط
ЩҵרǸס½һ롣
Ӵ˲žۼ˲ٰδҵ˼ƻǸҪǿжˡЦŻЩŵա
ǲǺܺ𣿵Խ⣬˵Խӽǵ㡣Ҿ͵ˡһ࿧ȣˡ
һ״ӣ۵׷࣬Ƥ԰ף˲ֱӡ
Ǳģʮ˵ѾоһҹʮСʱ񶼱ֿ״̬Ҫ˴ôԷһ¡
Ļп͵£³ǵĹﳱôƽϢһݹ֮ҲûϢӽؽҰǲһ顣
㲻֪Ǳ߶ֲоǰŷְĽ𣿡Ϲûʲô￪ᣬĻоҡ
רرĶ漫ˣ޲˯оңʱɣ
˵һͨʮǳ飬޲óһ澵Լڵ״̬нЧʣӣЧ
˵ҲңҰǵĲǷǳԭʼİ汾ֻҪƳ磬ԺµıҲõġ
˸Ƿ˵㲻ȫԤ̶ӵ·
һ¥Ĵԡ
˵ιȺ¼Ͳ¼ΪԺġ硯һ־ʾôһо˵ͨˡ
˭жϺ;в֡
곤ûˡǱﲻסʱоֲŻ
˵׼ԼֵµҲ٣Ҫʲô¶Ϊ¥Ȱ
Ұǽ̫طҵÿﶼһѹʱҪѧʵ֣ȥȥɳ
¥ԼôģСҰǲƿء
֪ˡЦӦˣô벢֪
Gǵһߡ
ߣǿҵϢ𵴲֮ͬ帩ףС쳣
Դӿߵţ˾һֱּը״̬
ͻȻ£˶Ҫ¡Ϊͼһֱڸû˭Խ޴£
ǡ˫ܵܡΡΡ
һ˲ֱסӵϢ
ţ
ϲѾͳ졣ĸи΢
ʱһϲһĵĹ涨Ψһ̳ơ
Ϊ˱֤ԴѣһֱּƣϲһֱֻѡһŮ̳аٷ֮ʮԴ˷ʣ°ٷ֮ʮеļͥһ㣬Щʧκζ
˵ĵܱܵǸΨһļ̳ˣֱ
Ϊʲôô˷ӦΪ
ùٷսתƵ
Ϊ˫ֵ̥ܣ˺׾ٶĺ塣
Ϊ˼ìܣҲǱǳ֣ǵȵǳɳҲˣ
ΪԣǷսȥ⻼ĿԸߡ
ôΪսϵǷֳȥԸǣƣ
ǰ¶ʬΪʲôȻͶŵԭʼ֪֪꣡Ѿϱ˾裬׼ʧȥõĻᣡ
࣬ߵࡣ
͵̧ͷĿУ׺ޱȡ


112 
ֽŵ౻Լ, ǣҲڡɱĸǵĸ˴Ҵ뿪, ڴžơ
Զ̫뺣, ů͹ⶼˡ
һƬ޺磬ʵںĺХа˸
Ѿڻֻû֤ݡ
, ǰŲŰֶŮܸžû֤ݵ, ⶼǲʵġϾǡԼˡ
Ȼ, Ҫǣеֻһ, ɱ, ۾Ͷ佫ʧȥ֮һá
黹ûнΣûнΣͻһһû˽Ľʬ, ǻֶΡ
˭С, Сԭ
η壬Ҳ, һˡ
ԵؿԶڵĴ󺣺, ˸, Ÿ󺣵
ĸǵĻʲôʱôõģҲ벻, һһССı仯, ζĹʵ
Ұݣ֪Ҳ, ʼ׳ɳ
Ż֢ŵԽԽ, еĹƶҰӰ졣
˹עҰǰѾڤ뷨Ƹ, ȫѾֻʱ⣬Ųļ
κ˲ֹ
ҹĻеĴŽ΢Цʱ̼Ƶʡıԣ𣺡ƺ졣
պɣٱͺҹճ
ճ
һչҰǣҹĳз񻶵˴ŹǷ磬ϰ˯شţõǰ糿ƶ
¥ͽһ϶û˯ڵȴճЩŵĶ¥˺ܶһˣ󲿷ֶο߲ͣ˯Ұǵճ
ء
ȣţ̫һɽɫҰǡ紵ϣϡҹĺ⣬ֱܿůɢǱ㳩Цˡ
ÿطԼճҰǵճʮر
ȻйάҰǵ廷ֺÿ䶼ѵӡǡ
ճ֮ǰڰʱ̣ߴݶȥ·صҵһ̡ͻȻֵĹһ·Ƶ
ЩοͲδЩǿͨеģҲǵԼСʱܹϮ顣
ԵɫһҰǣɫֲݶͺϣ磬һرĸж
¥ͷڽڵϣϸϸıػȣһԨһǴֲ԰￴һ޼ʵա
żȸӹǻůͣЪʱ˻ԵԱרΪ׼ĵʴ͡Сӡ
δѾֲ磬Ҳ֪ʲô磬ܹԺҰ˵Ĳϡ
Ե۵߲ˣҪôȥ̵깺߼۵ĽڻҪôԼȥɽϲɼҰˡҰ˸õڶ֣͵е
ͣҲʮͷˡ
Ϊ֢ĴڣǰҰܻʮĶ࣬ǲƽƽʮܻ꣬ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡢʮһꡣ
˥һõ飬ǸҪȫǵʹܼʹƶʹ䵣ҹѰ
мĺǡ
Ұ簮䱦һǣȫҪõ硣
ǿһֻΪǵĺ̹;¶
Ϻ͸ϻ
ǷһĻսص⡣
Ĵ٣Լʬĳ֣ĳ̶ֳϴ̼Ⱥ塣
ͷĸоǾ߶УҰǵǰ˳壬ļһﶼŬ
þһǰԼ̫ˡ
ԾҪе࣬ѡеǣкܴһȺ˾Լϼ縺δ
ЩںڰϷ̶ȿó¥Ļbossľ
صʵУЩҲ֮ǰôԸȥλͨ˵Ŀ֡
ͨޱ鲽ҴңӼŵѵһ·ĬᱻΧıݡ羰Цκζ
·ʱĥɣ
˲һֱڸǿ״̬ôȥǳ⡣
Ե˵ֵ̽ùעҰ˵ġ¡ֵùע
ţкܶ࡮Ǯ򹤡ӡ罻ǮڹžɳǱǧǰŮ͡йǧǮȻ԰ԲժѵĿ֡
ʱ뿪ԼһֱظȥһʽҲһرĽѹʽ
¥ͷŽڵĴȣŽ޳ָҪ졣ʵҪڻӦֻҪ
дЦ⣬һϵɫɫȾǳɫָдС
ʵǰжʱȫϢϷչǼٵվǼٵģƭ˸йƭ壬Ȼصʵ練Խӿ顣֮Ҫô뿪ȫϢ磬ҪôȫϢ硣еڻصʵѡ
ΪոһյƽҪ׷һرġҰ˳ڴڻһУϲƽȵģ
¥ǱһȻϷйʵġ
ڸֵطҪһֱָ߶Ƚ״̬ʵһϷţʱҲҷɣѵȡá
֪ԼӦ÷ɣһֱȥһϷҪʲô׼᲻档
ЩǷȺ޷ͬܵġ
Щ߽ҶƴʱԳȰҷɣҲ޷ǣС
ôǴ淴
ѾںŬĸṩɵĹ˺ѺõĽӴУڲ̫ҪԵļظԹѧɣ׿гЧ
ЩЧԵͽ׶ҡȵ߽ףҪԵĸԽԽնԽԽߣ֮ǰЩʩûʲôˡ
ܰѡɡϲûʵĳɾ͸С¥סڵĲӣԼ
벻ľĻô
ЩźؿϸͷߡѾµ¥ҪʲôǺϵʣ׼ʲô
ڣ󣡡
ü˵ôֻ࣬һԼ㡢ϺɾʯѰǵ󰮡ڿʯҲѰ
δ֪ڴͨŬõĽԼ;ķ羰Щܴ˵Ŀ֡
ƺ룬¥ǿɲҵ˽ģҲһ
ϵĸԾҪˣʱҴ󲿷ѾпҽһסԼľϤǿԼʵߴЧİ취
ڤ뷨֮ĲͬġͬһѵһϤĸһȫͨܷӵȫͬ
ѵϤʹãѾԼĵֻ֡
Ρڿ󡯺֮ǰ㡢ɾһǻ󶴺ҲǾ
ҲṩԿȺֿܵͣʯҲİҪĻþȥ̽ɿʯĹ߶Ծͻ޷ʹá
˵˺ܶ࣬˱һĸɫʯϳɵؿ滹һЩĹߡıصӵȵȶʱʱܿϲѰĿ֡
ϲڹߡҩˮʯ
ͬʱҪܵضЩĵȼſܹҲ侪ϲ
оʮŲ㣬Խ£ıʯԽḻԽߡ
Ҫһ·ߵʮŲ㣬Ҳϵľˡ
ڣ
ԽԽãΪԼĿֶڵġʵڿϷ
ѾϷĲɿ󣬶ҪǰᵽʵС
ȻҪ˵ܻ߽ҵܴﵽѵĿģҲûʲô˫Ӯ
Ȿ׬ߺȣ
Ȼ󶴲ҪƱҪԼǱʯ뿪ҪʯɱѡȻгۣЩʯмеģ׬
ǻԷչҵ԰ǼӹʯǶȵȡ˵Ժοء
¥֣ԽԽ֣
ϣ߽Ҳ鵽ֿ֣ѹٴҲҪʧȥֵܿ
¥²ؼƻŸҰǵһϲʵӲ׼ʱ䡣
ʬĳϱ
ڣǼʷͥġǼ߲ġͻȻѾȫסһźɫ
֮ڽֹķɴҲֹķɴǻϵֱȷϲûɢ
߲ĵĸ˴źı֪ͨϢ
֪ͨ˻ˣ˶ĬˣҪԼĶ䡣
ٷչ׶ΣҪԴҪнʱ˵˵̲̣Ҫ
ǷѾϽı棿ǣǲŶӹʵص顣ѾĿǰȥȫסĲ
Ұûֲ뿪ǵҽԺоκκøá
Ǹûе㿪˵¶΢Цҵͨ
żʮ˵˻Ұ
˵Ļ᳤ժ۾ٿһλᣬæ֪ͨҰǵĳ


113 
Ǹ, ҿǲܡ
ֻҪһڣûнҲԴڡǱΣ, ѾʧСˡ
ǰ곤, 㲻ǹͬľ
ҵ̬ȶܺá
⵹˵ǶƢرر˵, һʼ±֮ҵĴԻع, ûеء
Ȼ·, ǡڰϷ
ǱҲûٸ, ʧУ羭ϻͣˣû޷ܡ
, Ǹ߲֮˵ϸƣôȥҪ
¥ǸЩصı顣
ոյĻһ罻ǣʵԼʲôʬϱҶԷƻöԷ¶
ϵһʧ¼ҴҵӦԡԽʧ, ԽԼڵ¡
ȷʵһ̶ϴķչ, ѰĺǱ, ڰϷڣһڣô»Ͳܶϡ
Ƽ;öûзչԼҪֻҪȭͷӲ׷ǳ顣
ĳ̶ֳ, ҲΪȡıڡ
, ƿʼͷײǽ, ɱа˰, һǧԼǼʷͥġߡ¶ˡ
¥ϲǸѾҪ衣
˾˵£žôģ
Ǹ֪ΪǰԸ㣬һþҪ˼С
಻ڵȫκη
ң޷ٺˣкڰϷҰǸǸ
ǣյǼʴԽǻԴԴ͹ͼ;ӡ
ǣЩǡǷģ
Ϊ⣬ϵҲᱻأĿŵ;ӹȥ𣿾͹ﶼСһ㡣
˴˿ȫ׵ĺͷѾͨˣôôܵ˾ƾʲôҪ淢ʩԼȻΪ޴˷ЦΪɨβ
һ뵽δԵѣߵĸôһ˲Ѵ˾ըˡ
Gǡ
Я߹Ƴ磬Ǿ޷ٿǡ
ǵѾ״̬ͨѶδϣԻܿռ߲ġ͡Ϣ
˵ľҵĹӦԽʬĹٷϢ
Ǽ߲ġǼʷͥ¼Ϊ۵Сţ׼ǼȻԿȡ
⣬֮Ǽ߲Ҳʾܵӡ衢裬Σա
ǶԲǡ
ȻһԱҪͬͬˣʲôԲģ
ҪҲмֵʲôмֵ
ЩԱԸһ̬ȲһĽǶҲһѹǾҪһܡ
Щ˳ܵʱ򣬺ǹܵʱҲࡣ¥᳤ֱ֣
֪ʲôûϵ˵˵¥ԣֹͣ˳֣˵ЩصҰǳ
˵Ļһ޴ԲΣԲλϯʮˡмٸҺ͵ֻܳôࡣ
ﱾûҰǵλãһҪ
˵Ҫֱӽ˴Ǽʵ
Ӧö֪ǳǸһҷɴʻǳȥǻزʧԴҵҶ⡣
ֻǱ߹鱯ߣҲԼļƻսɻľǱ˵Ľߣ⻰ǼʻҲһԼ˽Ų
ʲôƻһԱʡ
ΪʽǼ¡⻰һұ鶼ŽʽǼ˼ˡ
ʱ򣬹ȫ֢أ׳ȥ
ǣ˵ĺܺã㲻ǲĿ֮ĹҽãһҰйìܵĹҴԡ
¥һۣҲͣ㲻Ϊڤ뷨ǳǲ֪ͶһѲСĴ۽͵ǼʣȥıĶ෽ȶԡҲ˵׬ô۱ɣ
һҭֹţ˭֪ʲôѵļٵģ
ڳҲѾõҰڤ뷨֪ⶫûҪ˵ǻ¥˵ˡ
ҰѾȫѻ֢аٷ֮ʮѾٷ֮ʮеһ뿪һףס
룡
Ұ˰ҩŶãͰٷ֮ʮ˶ˣٹһ£ȫ
˵ɼӦò٣Ա۾Ҫˡ
֮ǰ˵ǸڡʺľѵңһǹҾҪһ
һ
¥ֿˣڴ֮ǰĵģҲ֪ԣ˵徫ҿһ¿һͨǼʵ·ͨǼʵı׼·ѡ
ǼʵƱ֮зԼеˣһβܳʮˣԱԼ
ǻ᳤¥Ŀġ
Ȼ֪ôӦ¾ͺܺãûбҪ
ҰǳĶżгֻһɢʲôûСοҪ󲻸ߣͬǮ·̸̸ȫ׬ˡ
֮û¥ʲôˣ˸ھ˳顣
һˮлл飬һͶˮˮߡ
£С
¡
˵
¥˫ȵˮϲȻʯ𣿡
ƽãĹнײ㣬ȻʯûʲôôݳƷ챦ʯʮָ߳ûʲôҪȥȻʯ
ϲѰڿ𣿡
۾ˡ
֮˶ȫ򷢲౻Ϣ
ڲҰǳĿģûоϸ˵ԴȾֻ˵һιϮʱЯģͬʱϣ߾ơ
Ҳ뵣ģӰ첻
ٷô˵ڸõĻǵģⲿչļԼ˳˻壬һʱҥ𣬸۶
ȻЩҶõģЩɢҥԺ̧۵ΪƮƮŹһشҪھ򱳺
ʱøһڲСӣƵĻ
ͬʱȫͳһƳڤ뷨ӹƶߣһ¡ǮĹһͻ޸ҩ;ڤ뷨֡
˵Ұȫܴﵽٷ֮߰ʮɣ
Ϊ˶ڣǵܶԣֹ͹ҲžְϵȺţҪԱ𣿿ɣ
֪ϢҰҲķɵȥķɴǵˡ
ڳ¥ʱǳ˶衪ѾͿɿɵȡϵǿ漸죬ķ羰Ҳʱȥǣ֤ƽҡ
԰곤Ǽʶȥʲô
뵽ҰָóԳԸúȺȡ
ҰǷƽ˾ֻо񱾾ͽȺԽŭз߿ѵĶǰμϷ
¥ĥŵøҵţƳıʯϷˡ


114 
Gǵ׿гЧ, ֻ֪Щ˿ɣл֣ȻһҲŹ
ս, չļʧ˴, ʣҲڶء
ϢԴǽˣȻ˵˿̴Ҳܼ, ϾҲǳġ˼顯, ǿ϶ġ
Դ޵Ľ𡤽ɭܴϢ͸ˡ
Դ, Ҳ޿κ, ԼѾء
ĸ֮ǰһֱΪԼΪ˾ߴ󱳹ܷû뵽ȴǡϲѾֵܡ
Ƕ֪֮䲻ܴѵֻܹ˽һȨᡣ
˲ûĻ, صִ
Ϊ棬ػ֮ǰȨ㣬һÿǸ˾ɫ
ϧڱ˶ţȥ
ʱǵĽڸʲô
Ұǡ
ܵ˵ҰǳһرȥζҪȥһ, ֻɱ˵۹дűڡ㡯
ʵһ, ҰƳõڤ뷨ʱҪˡʱļһҲ, ̫
ôֻһϻơ˺һ̫¶ġδޡǷܶࡣ
磡ﰡϿԣ˿һʺɫ˶װͷϻųɫİȫñ
һ·, ǳɫĸװͷªĳɫȫñ롣
ܲ, Ľο, ڲ, ΣдȹӴЬġ
Աǧˣһһǧ߰ٸ滹ڡͷһۿβĶ顣
డÿ춼ô
λãŶӵۿǧɴ
һܸλǰͷתͷʡ
ѵҲͻλ˷ʡ
ᡣ
ǲ͵ˣŶӵȫȻ㶼ûλãһܳ
˵ĺе
ȻǰͷҲú߸˰ȫñڿüͷ󶴡
ʱѾͨڶ죬˳ˡʯ󶴡ĵһ㡣
ʯ󶴺ܴҲ࣬ô˽ȥҲûԵӵע⵽ڵһСݣѾǰĹؿֱͨһ㡣
ҪһĹؿҪɼһıʯȻеǼǡ
ȻϷ곤ͯδ
ֻʹṩĹߣһСһרҵڿüͷֻּͷĲ⣬ƽʱȥģò飬ԾӲޱȣʯͶһ
Щһ׶ûˣҲʮΣ֮ҪָôҲüСʱ
Ϸһʼżһ׵ľ
ȻοͲںЩ˶ûѾǹ档
Щ˺ܺñϣʲôɣ̧ͷļһļͷȥ
Ҫǲ㣬Ѿ豸ʼֱ
ֲϱϡбʯ󡣡һļͷʶͶĳɱݵĲϴͲˣкܶȲġ
Ͷôֻ࣬ΪڿϷ
Ϊʲô
ͦ˼ģ顣رԴ˪е߲ܾö죬תͷֻһųβŮˣĸ
ǸŮǸоߣ΢΢ͫ΢ܿͷܿ
ô
С㣬Ҫȥͨһ㡣ȥڶ¥ݿڣҪ鿨Ƭ
ôͨһ㣿Ů˵
Ҫ
ûмѾһһұѰҿɫء
ϷǸΪʲôʲôҰʲôϵ
磬㿴
ع񣬷ֵܵһĶմұģ˺ܶʯͻҳ
ٿܣһҲѾʼжЩǽѰұʯһЩѾͷ
˵ĴкܶǣҲûмȥ֮ǰŮҡܸܵջõıʯ鿴
ϣȻǴԭ󣬶óƷʯ챦ʯڼӹĿʯ
һˮʯƷʲãʣѡ
δĥıʯԭЩ˵ģΪܰÿʮײһյôĵƣܷļαʯԭŻԵ
ɣ
ȱľǸݳƷĥõĶʯҲټƷһһ߽˵ˮԭ󣬵ԼڵĸоȫһʵĴ󹫼
Һ˵ˮ֮ǰǲҲΧţѧѧԱʯͱʯİе˽⣬ᷢ
ЦЦܵܺþûô֣Ū߰ģ϶һһȴһֱЦ
ҲԣһСؾѾڼͷĶˣҪȷɢЧʸáѹ
Ĵߴ£ͷ
Ȼ˵ҪֲЧʸߣֻڲߵĿרעҪܸߡ
ţ
Ȼ뵽ʲô
̽ʯ󣬳֪ʯ֪ʶķֱþ̽ҲʲôʱͿѡÿǲǱʯ
ʹüͷҪʱʱ̿ľҪרע
֪䣬ڿ˾ѵԼʹþ
곤ıʯ󶴣ΪĿ
ط˻Ŭɨ֢Ϊ»ʱҰѾʼѾ
ֻҪǱȥҰԶܿһ
հԶǵ곤
ʱʮ߲㿪ĳ¥һ񺮡
ʮ߲Ŀ󶴺͵һȻͬһˮİӡӵˮųȻɫĵƹ⣬ԣС
˱߽ǱˮĥԲʯͷͲЩССʯͷ
ˮĥϸй󡣡¥һƴԲʯͷȷжǲ֪Ρ
ڵݹСֵ磬ƿˣ⴩ƤǣԳůůĻɫ
ôô򿪲֪
һֿĵطˣ֪Լõıʯô
ϧ￪
ҪܵĸֳȳȵضصС壬ڳʯƷʲãֱӷŻԭλûڽ䣬ƻʯС
ʯƤҪƷʣĿ߿ҲƻΪ
ʯ󶴡ҰѾм졣
ȥͬ󶴳ֵþĵģڶƽʱûʲô˵ľطҪ˸ԼܣطŻᱻ֡
һ֣ʯ󶴾Ұǵѡ
ʯ󶴶ԾĶЧû֪ĶǳԹȺںοͣĿͻȺûж
¥ҲżԼֱȽ˼ʾ˾˺ܶȤ
ϧǾ̫ͣҲڵһλΡһƷʽϵ͵ˮ觡ӵڶ㿪ʼʯƷֿʼ࣬ƷҲԽԽá
ȻѶҲһ·ӡ
ӵʮ㿪ʼض͡ǰƷҲʼ
¥ıʯ˾ʮ㵽ʮŲ㡣
ЩʯͲεˣĿʯռƷĿʯٲþ׻װҪģȫۿı
Ҫʮ㣬ٵ׾
ʲô׾ĸߵҲи߲㡣
ϣﵽľںڰϷɱ˵һ棬еľѾףٻ꣬׽ס
ͨеĴû˱ţֻͨͨѵֻͻһ׵Ķ١֪ĹӰѵʲôʱܳɹͨ˺ҵĲԽԽ󣬳ÿǲȶء
ˣ㲻ܰչ˵ڱָüģҪƽü
¥һЦְڽڵϣҡ
˼ˡ콵սסۣ谵Ŀ󶴣ĺӣҪһӰȻ굥ɫеġ

ȵȣ¥ץסþòϣ˹


115 
Ͼˡ
ϣ˹˵, ʱǳĬǽһ˵һվһͦгģȻͬű޷Ĭ
һ겻, Ϸ˼ľҲ, Լϡ
ȥƹġ¥һ㲻ΣԼԼôˣôҵͬ࣬Ҷ, ֲģĻ
ڱֻ֣üսϣ˹, Ǵк
ϣ˹ˣĬ˺ü롣

ˣе
˵˾ƹݣľƹݱ, ˣ¥Լľƿзľƣ, ġ
ǸŨȵҾƼ滨Լָƣ滨ơ
ˮ, ǵ滨ȵ֪ŨҡսҾƣԽԽ
ľ, ȱĶûʲôζϣ˹СڴǵľƺֱӺȣľҲܶ࣬иҵ, и, ǵòϲ, ȱʲô
ΪԼĸǣѾû̫ϵûʲô飬ߵ棬ʶķ羰֪һֱסżһС
ûУҼ̳ӡ
УʲôʱСϣ˹ͳ¥ף¥ҲģֱӾͰѼ׾ͳȥ
ϲںĴս֮һġ
ϣ˹˼ƣ˺ھһۡûһ㲻ڣԼȡ˾ƺ͵ģк·ˡ
Ҳԣˡ
֣ӦһȴԨζ
սƱԽڣòӦ
ںսҲѣǸսǸϣ˹Ҫһƣһߺȣһ߾ͻʧؼ䡣
վǲһˣٺսѼĬ
¥оһ˲įȡ¾͵ߣȥĻƾƿóˣҳζ
ȥƵĻƾƣɫľˮڰ״һȦˮһûɢȥᣬŲô̼
úȡ
ϣ˹ĬĬӱ󼹹гоˮһѩһĵϣ죬ľˮһͱˡ
ȾơޱĸԼĵιơ
¥ڣ
սǸˬˣ˾ߺüף¾ͿˡûбĻ͸¥һĳַڰǺʲôҪЯģֻȼϷѡ
ǲ̫ҪǮֵ»һСܣʲô嶼У죬ܲԽԽ
ְڳԺڣְǼʻˣ
š
¥룬ȻҪҹͦҪģ˵Ǽʷͥ˷ûϵ
ûϵǱǷǷ֯
õģ¥ûˡ
ҸܱĿˣöǿۼӸٷ֮ʮҲð
ա
šϣ˹ӻ־ˣر
¥ĴɫĹϣһԽڿһۣҲվסˡ
һԡ˶Ǽʺӣ
ڳԺڵ³¥Ҳɹ˻ԭʼʱͻȻһǼƷԭ϶ҪǮضѻˣǾ˺һ
˵ҰԴѷҪչص͹
¥¶Цһִֻڽڼϣô֧ǣµġ
ںžƣǸЦźս
ǰûʲôµġ
𡤽ɭҰǴҡͣ˺ü죬һֱڵ㡣
Ϊ๫СߵĶĿ㱣ڲ࣬ڻǾΰɱ
ҰǲûǣС
ʶҰ˶þĿ⿴ҪšѺáݡšߣѾˡ
䲻ɣֶͦ
ȥ˾ƹݣ³ĻƾƣԵ곤˵Ļƾƴ򵰡
һνҰľƹݣǿԼİһ˫۾˵곤ϡ
곤ƽûбֳޣҲû׽ǾǶпˡ
ڲĻõɨͼ¼ҰǵĳҲҪ¼Ŀꡣ
¥޵ɨǸ䣺һзĶʮ꣬Ӱ룬ƽʡ¡΢鶼ܿƣʱʱñԼ׷ɱȻѰܸɵġ
ҡ
ϾƣȾƣָİ״ɾƱڳֵ곤
ã
ͦáŻش
˵Щר޾ᷢչܶྫãֱͨӶԻԸˣǾҷʤ
úܺãҪõöࡣ¥һ°ͷ·֣һֱںͽԻ֮ǰЯԭʼĽʬǶѣûлл㡣
Ʋס¶Ѿ֪ˣ
Ըȥģֻ֪㡣
֮˵˺ܾãһҪ͵곤˴鱨һ߻Ҫ״µغ͵ܵ˵־Ƹζܵעȫڷĵ곤ϣ׸ǡšӦ
ӴˣϲˡúܣзֶӸݱ˵ϸһ
˵곤Ҳڱʯйһ֮ԵǸŮˡ
Ů·ֻһþûκ˷֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ˺ҰǺ²š
ŮҲصעһˣϷ²ңҶǸ߽ңЩָ߽ȥԴ
ʣվߵģϷвݺӵĽɫ
ôãҲûҵʵµĺۼû뵽Ұǣ
ȻһԻ漣С
ҹˣƹݹš
곤λԱ¥Ľɫ˯ɳϿ飬¥һ۾Ϳ˺˯©ǺԼԼؼ
Ư⻬ļڻƵĹ³ֳ˵ĹʳƵĶ

ƻƾӾơ¥ͼԼƽͣûôڣûв
һ׷Ĵɣûġ
һ߹ԱߣĿֱ˯£
ţڷ飬ϲ𣿡
ô˵˯£ϲ΢΢˯µӣ
ôҪĻ
˯һ㣬Ҫ˺ÿҴӦҲ¥ָץ˳ɫҵĺɫ˿Ѳ֬ļϣɫŨˡ
Ľ𻹼ǵˣϢ
Ϊ˿ٽңڲĹǿ֪ϢģǽеһϢ׼ȷ
ôˣڲŤ¶ļӰиĹ֡
ư׾Ƽβơ¥ĿƵӢаϣʵҲûʲô֮ǰиѾͷӵǼǸһձץȥﴦ
ΪƽϢңû뵽һѵ˸ˣʹľ²һһ绹һ硣
ڲĶ뽺״̬ѾȻڣҲǳصģοôս
ǰϲֻҪǵϢؾЩĵײ˹¡Ȼˣɿеʱǵѣвǡ
ƼԽƷϲͳԽѡ
ÿһǵг̣ǵʽеĽʶҪץǺǵֱ̫ͬˡ
ǸѾͷӲôץס
һɱϵķѾ䣬ûѹɻ棬˸ɼ·㷽ҵǳһ̨Ϸ
ѾĴȼ棬еļˮͶҩһֲԸʧȥӦϢءվλѡ
òҪԸҪѾж˲鷳
ΪЩӱѾסϾ˼
ߣĽǲΪʱܸʲô£ΪԼڽ˷Ѿ󣬿ճ־Ͱշˡ
˵ѵÿ㷢չʱڡ
¥һʼΪתעȫѹע䵽ЩϢϣڿĲ԰Ρ
˯ɫԣ
´λɺԡ
һҼ뿪Ұǵķɴϡ
˯ˣ
˯ˡ
һ죬ڿǹ֣
˾ƣǸ˯ˡû޶ΨһĵܵܵһЩ
棬޷ôá
ܺá
˶صýʧЦҰǵĵ곤ȻرΪϴε£бı֡Һϲ
ϲǿĵˣ
㲻ƾеĶֲŻޱá
˵ĳţ㲻ЩʲôǾԵȴܸԣǱ˸ױҡ
ʱѾǵģżҲбߵʱ
ڴڿŽ뿪ߵҰǡ
ҰǵҹǲɫģǺŷɫı˸󵽵ıʯأѤֲҡ
ҲֻһҰǶѡ
һڲһ
˷ΪĲһʤߵ̬١ȴ֪˵ĲһԼ˵߽򿪵Ĵš
ġ˱ذο
ɵЦˡ


116 
һĿʼ, ︴յļڣǡ֮ǷǳҪļڡ
΢ֵĴߺһͰ, ÿ˿Դôֲ࣬Ҫκֲ, ߲ˡˮܣԡ
֮Ҫôûֹ
𳳣Ҳ顣ү޲ðԴֲָϡ
곤, ѸлڵҰ˷Ӫӡ˲, ߺ˭ˡڶԼܵϼ㣬Żôҡ
ݵӪ, ܰҰǵĵһûһƬƽԭܶѳһֲ԰ҲܰҰǱɫġ
Ұһ۵곤ǮһֲȥԼӪ
Ұǵ̼ʱϼ˸ֲֲָ, ļֱӽһֿĻ衣
ЩƲҰԵ˵Լ÷ĸֶ, һᡣ
ֱĻڽͷ
ȣֻ, ǡǵЩĻѧƷͰȾ͹˵곤һƬ𣿡
ҼûжڻЩ, ûа취
̫ˡ
ǰǰ
ǴĻصסĵط, һ˾סһӵĵȻõ, Щ, ʮ˼һľͺ鷳ˡ
ССĳﱾûжٿпռ, ݵϰķָһСطҲٲóһܣΪ˭Ļ˭ĻŸߵļӡ
ܽôҲֲرĶȸոհװ˼أһ𻵣߶ˣ̲鵽
һ⡣
ײĳݶһǳһȵĽṹѸּܴһֲ࣬ﻹܽһ¶
ǰҰûˮꡣˣ˭Ҳѽֲ档
ר˵곤Ǯƻ󻷾ѾתҸճҲˣЩֲӦڻúóɳɣ
ҰǵĵײסƺͬһӣּܸܶƵ̻ЦͣĸּܶѾǰʮ
һڲڵص׵СխСֵйҰ̧ͷһ룡ĸּܺ͹ڷĽһһ㣬צĹҵС
ȵЩּϰɫĻ裬ž͸ˣƴյ롯Ԫضˡ
ڴҲǺҰǱǶƴյģŤŤĽӵӣúиԡ
ܴɫ¥˵
ڱָڸּϵĻﶪ򾡣
¥򵥵ĳεĺɫ衣˵ţʳۣߴʣ۸񻹱ˣһһƫԶҲʡ
һЩֵֹĵطͻȻڼԼ¡
곤NN~ڼըפˣŲɫСȹӣ㻨
һƴСˣΪ̫Ǳ紵ˇNN
ĸںָ˴ɨԼϣ곤ҲֻЦŵͷ
ҰǵĵԽԽ࣬вٺʳأըﶼ٣ԼըҪƳ³£һֱơ
ڳӹɷѾְһӪըꡣ
ʱųֱ֮صԶ;ר䳵ʼڰ״̬
ѾԤ뵽δЩѧܣϣҵʺϹĸһʲؼҡ
Щͼ˾ֻ࣬ͼ˴һ
˲١
һĵζһ㲻ȫҲ˾Ӷߡ
ʱĹһߣֻƴȫԼ̭
̡
һ磬͵ѷСĿռԸ֮Գ𶯣Χư
곤ɫĺԱǿپַɿǽӹ
¥ϡĽצ»õˣһֱϹڡ
Դӷϸ£ǾԭʼĻָҲӲӰĸ߿Ƽ
¥ÿοǻСĴѡĸп
ץǿԴֱ߸¥İ˽֩Ѳ߳ͷϷУֻ¥ǽȥÿαһ˶ҪԹĻе֩롣
Ƽľͷԭ
¥̧ͷźɫǽϳ壬ССĻѾܾõ̫¥¶һߣֱֱ䡣
Щвϣԭʯɫĸйһ˲ɫټ
ԴǮҰ˾˸ͿװָйϺͱ²ϲõġǾͰҹõħú͵ߵС
Դˣ¥ֻ˵ûҪҸʦɡ
ŪЧͦÿġ
̫ˣ곤磬Ҹһʺ磡˷ܵؾ㻨һˮΣ߲ʵĲʺ֡
¥ͽڶܸӵعŵ̫ˣôģ
ͦţҰսСһĶ
˧磬Ұǳľƹ𣿡
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ҵǾƹƹݣǡ
ǹ𣿡ͻ˵Դǵı̽۾źɫϸȮûк£˷ܵ۷
ҰǶ٣ҲǻǺӺɽȺǲʵпЩ棬ЩޡЩڵ곤ģûԼĳ˵ֲóԵĸֺʡ
һϲȻҪӽǵСȫϢ翴ҲЩ
˵Ҳڶӵ罻
ȫϢ԰˺ܶܶදˣѼèС
ʵһûгĿСŮ
˼ŮعͻȻһϹԺ;ƹݺϸӰ𣿡
ϣһЩ˺ӰһʧҲ˲˵¡ΪЩĻ˻ĳЩҪĳóЩƬΪԼӰ˵塣
Ůֻ;ƹݺӰ
¥ȻӦʣϿȾơ
ŮǺֱһģһã
¥ƺͦദӣҲУֻнںСŮʣʣڣ
㣬չСֲɵػش𣬻ظչʾԼոսĻ衣
ԭɫӪΪںˮɺɫССѿվһƬɫУˮ¶
ʲô
Ƿѣ԰ķѽ
ŮűΧ̵С磬֮ࡣҰ˵Ķô䰮ǵֲΪطһֱʺֲǰɣ
̲ס˿Ա߳¥ǵĻ裬ŤŤȥһ
ǵڿſһֻһĻsanֵҪ⣬ȴ۴Ȱͳˡ
¥ֵȻǽڵĿӣ͸ӡ
꣬Ż˵һֲѷï١
ǳ¥ڸʲôأ
ͼѾֻ񿥸ϸȮǰ˲֪ĶŪһĹͷһ͸ԡ
ϸȮ
ϴϰ·߹Ӵ곤ĵˣһһȥǺӵ㣬ôţһεҾ͵
ǣڸ߱ʣٺ˵ɡ
·˺ٺٺٵЦˡ
ǣŮĳ¥ͼڣٿԶһž֪ͨ·ˣͳź״
˵һĳ
ƸĴ
Ұǲеʲô԰
ŮæǸӰˡ¥һֱֻƤëͺɫһϸȮ
ȮĥŸڤŵĺȮְͷࡣ
Ҹè;ƹݴ
ʲôģ
¥˼һϻɡȻʨҲͷĴ򲻹ġ


117 
Ѿһֻèˣ̨ϵİڼɵĴèһ, ĳ˶ȻӥצЫβϻʨΡ
ʲôͷĴ򲻹ģͷ˭ˣ
ޣȻ
ֲϰʱߣ
ҿԣ
¥ҪһֻͻԸ⵽ǿҵĵƣԸ, ǰèӡ
˰ģ¥̲סըѵëˣġ
޻Ǽ֣˽ھͲ̫, ҪһֻèԼʲôλã
ǵ곤ľƹͻȻһֻ̻ɫĳëè, ϰŮСԲһ, ֻèĥצӿʱ, оͬ, ͷ趼ط
ѽ~
໣
ȰŰʱֻƹӰӿܼΰʼ䴩ݵشĸû˱
ƽˡ
СԲ
Ű, è
èŮͬʱͣһխСαϣһèһССϣŰϿͬı顣
è
֪, è
ġ¥¥, һ, ëè, ĺڸ״
СԲϽ, ӷɿĨ, ֤ݣ곤, Ϻá
곤ŰèȤк֮óΧȹ׼ˡ
ȫǵ˶֪곤һֻǵè˵곤˭ֶһצӡ
¥ڿһ߹һߣèоء
ֻע⵽֮ǰ̨ϵèڼˣҲûж롣
ڿŹͷ˵ĳ¥·ǰߣèˡ
ţȻڳҿʼʱ򣬴Ѿһ룬ɽϴҰ˵³衣
ϸĵѰң׳ӵĸ΢΢͹Ҷпܲ񱦱
ڳȥǣԳųԣųԣɹ˳ԣ
ɽϣſڵĻҲֲܷʳ
硢ĲˡСײˡСܲ
ԭªĸǼΪðɫֲɫĻѵĲɫ裬Ϊʡ
ҰСÿһռ䣬ЩԵıֳ֯ϯӣҪɵɡҰ˸ɺԼֵ߲ˡ
ɲ˸ɣǻˡ̲֮Сʳ
ſڵĻǵСС֮ϴӴ˲ȱ
бף߲ӭŷŬ͵ҲҰǵճΪ͵¼ʼúƵҰٴóǵĵŻǹ
Ѳ£
ֿԣܶæɹĺԱΪ͵˲ľס
ո
ĿɿɹЦ͵ˣùܲùܣͷһˣͦõġ˹ؽȥ޼죬ôôˣ
ھӶ򲻹뿪Ұǡ
ҰǹٷûôܣУ̫˹ؼͶĥĥ
ɿɻʱ˴µǮꡣ
ȻѾ֪ϢȨȴһ£ǸǱ˹Ӵ
ں
£ץûΥ
¥ڻ棬ֻر˵èſϣͷ˳β
̵ޣ֮ǰڼʲôأһСèôˣʱغ˹Ų
ΪԹۣ۾ֻβ;ʺŵĴè
һܹ¶Ҹɡ
ǿӴԲоͶ룬¥̫ˣǲУһ򲻺ùµĿ͵ºͽ
ǻЩСģԼ˵˱˴ߣèĳ¥˵ʲôҸ㶵ס
һˣԡ
곤ƺǣְϺɭһ飬ҪȨתָһһ
ϳԸȨöɣˣ곤ԼᣬȴѾѡһˡ
˵ãѡĻǻϣڵ곤ֵ¡
Ҳ˵ڣ곤ֻΪԸ񣬲ĺͨһûп͸ǵ곤ԽǽӴԽǾɲ⡣
곤ôһ벻⡣
ߣ̫ˣҴѹȥˡ¥һߣèϰ״̬룬˶װ׼ȥʯ󶴣һҪĸ̡
أһCλ±ƵؿԼ˶ԼŽھܣ໡
ˣ
ʮҲߣʮӸҽԺճи࣬ҽԺҲ࣬Ҫʱʱţרעʬо
Ϊ˸Ƴ磬ġѡǴذǹָԴ㲻ͻͻˡ
ô
곤ô£ҾñЩء
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˵ͣͲͣͣ᲻˼ǧ궼˵
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ܸжһ١
ɿɵ˵ĻعҰǴССı仯ֱ仯ûҰǱı仯
ʵҸ·̫ˣһһδǷһʱûֽҲԻѺ
곤һֲȫóͶ뷢չҵ
ʱҰǾ֪ʶָϲҵˣǶͨˣҵԽԽ¡
ô죿
ð졣
Ǯλʲô˵
Ұһڹٷͽһʵѧ羰Ͳ˵ˣɽˮһݡӲʩһѧȻǮñĶЩһѧ
ԱѡҪôûʲôнˮҲ͵ĹҪôޡ
ȻƽҲܻȥ˶ڼнְ˭˼ƽ
Ϊ±ⱻЩиҰ˲òһ̰ȥѧϰ֤顣
ֻҰ˿ŵѧУܿ׼ʻִգõĺÿһ㣬õѶ
ǻ׼ʻִհ
˭뵽أǾȻܽȥѧˣ˲ռײռ
ѧУܻӭĿγǾ
ǰԾ֪̫ǳΪֻͨݹһãֻսʿҪѧûʲôá
ѧУӸǣˡ
ҼϾȻߵ߸һҵƷ
ѱʦϾԽһţȻ˭ҪԸ⣬ڶ԰ҽҲܺʡ
ʦǼϾܽԼľѧʶЧشڸӡ

֮ߵģ㲻ѧĻھӵĲ԰ӡ
ţǳЧ
뵽ԼֵĲ˵ھӵķҰҪϢˣѧ˭ѧ˭ǹ԰ӣ
ҰȫҴ·Ľ
ϸ˵﷦ζڤ뷨ʾôգռ˼롣
˵ޣôһСʱȥ硢ʳˣ
ҪǹҵҲҰһԾͺˡ
ǸõԸҰԴƶԸΪһƴĵطеģЩطòҰͶ뾫ѵԴǳΪǵġԢ֡һʯ󶴡
ˣҰѾֱʯ󶴵ĺôһմԷſĵڿ󣬲ݾɾ׼ˣƺǿȶһ
ʯǰĶųɳ곤Ӱ
С
곤ÿ춼ڿһΪ˹Ǽȥ
ʮûпһʯĸ̣ǺͿӸϵĵ곤ԣ˵öԡ


118 
ߣè㡢ڿ, ¥Сӿɡ
ȷ塣
ңԶСӾͲ̫ùˡ׻˵䲡Ҫ׻˵ʹˮ
֮һĳȻַ, ľ־סˡ
ҲǸߵ, Ǿʵֵλ޼ֶһϵ, ҪԴ, Ҫֳ߾γ˾ϵ
Ϊϸ, ߹ϵڶ̶̼ʹӡ޹ϵɵˡ, һ, һȻЦ
Կ϶־Ȼңڡôס֣
ڵһγ־Ͳ߷ĸĲӡ
һ, ֱӾͰƽȫϯ˰˲һ
˲һǲ, ˼ұݳ޹, 챣ھֱӶġڶίʳҲó, ʳﲻĿŵ, 
ҵƶһ
ͨ˻ǾίֽһĽ׼ìܣΪϲ˵ǻʳ, ûܵһӰ졣
˵ڶݡ, ϵĵ, һܿĳߵһԴǡ
رܴԴƽ, Ա⵼
ֻըˡ
һƬڳԹϿ, п˼ѾʼԴ, ûĵмתҲ׬һʡΪԴǻסǼʷɴʹ͹ҵ豸Դ
ȻԴƷʺʹȲ
ѾըˣĻ˲𣬹ոǧ꣬һֱԴվǲòھԴٸ߼۹һ
ĸ߲㶼ףһûԴ˷ôھĵˡ
һֱһֱ͵͵ϢĽᶼҪ±¶мתԴҲǲ
ΨʱһʳʸûС
ôһ㣬ֿʼ쭡
ԭΪңսʳļ۸񣬻սʵļ۸Ѿ˼ʮҪԴǱըƷļ۸ִ˴ܡ
ڱʬôãͻȻҪعӦ״̬һѡԴޡĿֻ֣ǲϣֻԽԽңͣЪ
ǧûжңû뵽һô󡣡˳Ա겻ѡ
ʵڲ׼ìһֱǿңֻǱɵĸ߸ڸˡڸ߸ʧȻͰìԳ
Լڲٸ춼ģؼʱȴŽԽѹȣԽŽᣬܷ¹ҶԹ
澳̵Ŀԡ
ҪûƽϢصҩ곤ͬһ꣬
ع
ѹҲûɶ£ȰһεҰǳռλáܽˣһϯҰǰһҲ
˿̴Ҷ۷ǳ滰⣬¥Ǳ鱣һ£ȴôЩɶͳӡ
ҰǵÿһⶼֲζĹߣĻݣ㡣
ҰƵϸչˣǶúܺá
ȻζĹĲֻּھӣ͡󣬱ʳӡ
ҪǼǣҰ˶֪ǳԭôͳֲĳӡǳ͵͵µģ͵͵ҹɫˮһ·
ײأвҲʧأϲͬûӹħצ˭öһƬֲأ
ӡ塢ҩѾ˺ܶ취ҰǵͳƺҲر졣
ӻãǽģȻ֪ƿ壬ӶҧһУ۶֭Ĺ߸ڻ¡
¶ҪǲҰ׼СҪӵˡ
ȻΣ
˵èץӵĺ֣Ҳèץһֻϲ棬̬ȲãͲᣬرܸɡ
ѡèѡ
ҰǳҲèԻǻ
ʱҶӦò˽ǿǿսĶ˵Բԣ
˵ǡǡȴС˴ڸеĳ¥
ǱˣűҰǸˣòȾճұڹ
ҶҰǺڹìܣȻϲӦóЩʵ˵ҰǵԴص곤ԴҲ۲ġ
ܲκδõǾǴ׬ûУҲûʲôʧ
Ƕ˻ԹۡҲƵرĹңӰ쵽Լ¶ͬ顣
ƣ綼Ϊ˻θߴϣȴ֪ҲһؼëƤʱʹүࡣ
Եĳ¥һü֪ǿսĶָʲôǼʵľƹݣǶɧľѵͨ˿ľγ̣
һ֣ҰǵƣҰ˵ڣǾԲòĵߡ
ǣÿҶԼصƣԵҴҲУôóϷ˫ر׼أ
Ȼԡȴʵ͹ʥ˱׼Ҫˣֻ˵𣿵ֻԼԼҪˣǽе°ܣо
¥˫ֺϱǰԵĲãǹЦ
ңҪֻߴö˽ףĳ̶ֳȾǴѹǵĻԣö֮ûԸȥֺʹˡ
ԶֱǻǴĶơҪôҪôҿλҲǴǵжļɣ

ɲָܳ֡𣬺浱Ȼһг¥֪Ұͷȷʵʢ
Ȼ󲿷ֹҲʲô뷨Ҳסۺ졣
ϧˣҰǱûУӹ̨ܹһ¾װװ˵ЩۺСǴõ׺͵һ
¶¥Ǽˣҵʣѯʹڹ顣
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Ȼ
ԭڹͻȻѻԭġȻ¥ԭ򡯵ҪԼ
¥ҲڲʶҰǶɢҵĸŴҵɢࡣ
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ЩҵĹٷѡֿԵõģɢң˰ɡ
ڳ¥֪һЩҾۼأҰǵһֱǱĽĴڡ
Ұǵûйٷɢ֣ǴϷõһпԲ۵ػʵеĶǳŲᱻΧۣηҰǿԼһͨˡ
ҰǴϵ£ڱΪͨȨ
ЩңԶȵǣΪԭ򣬱ȻĵԭĽĽܹҪҰǡ
ڹͲһˣôֶͨģϼҴڹҲʲôӦ
ǣڹɢǿʼټҰǨҰǡ
һʼûаЩ˷һССҰǣҲһд󣬲Ϊ
ҰǵȺԽԽ࣬ôȤĶֺܵͣһжٵģûоס֤Ƕ
ĳһ죬ڹҪټɢҵʱ򡭡ףûˣ
ľܣǣûͩľֱ˼ҵͩˣ¥Ц˵һᣬҰ׵˺Դ㼼ܵˣǲǿǰǼΪ񡣡
Ұǰɣ
ˡ
뿪칫ңڹĶԹʹ˸һ䣨棩ֿʼèûá
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Լѡ¥°ͣͲˣǿһ¥һ໧Ϊһλһֻèһֻ
Ա£ɫֱϻȴˮĳľƮ¥ᡣ
ֻè͹ҼǵҲǳģԶṩѡ񡣡
ţ¥Ӧִսһ㣬ʲôζֺŵġ
ϲ
ϲʲôԡ𣿡¥һƳģͺɫĳһζȾ͸
곤˼ˡһײһϣ¥ץסͷתͷеɵ
ôˣ
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119 
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ҰǵĹذ졣
¥ӻֽСϢ, ֽѾƽյװ, ͷҲˡ
ӡ
֪ΪʲôеССʧ¥Ǻܿ, ŽȥʵֶʺҰǡ
ΪҰ˼ſڵĲ, Ϊ岻ݴǡѼֳﶼһ顣
ʷڲȮʮ֣èȫ, ҲáߣʳϵĲ, Ϊలȫ, ޶º͵Ʒ֡
¥ڰ칫¥ĳڹСˣ˳㻹ЩҰеĽ󣬿׳ȭ㹷Сè, һϷ
ԴЩ, 칫¥ͱ쳣, û¶Ҫ·һ£ǻرĵظЩèèССȡ֡
ҪǹԱ, ͶιҪճˡ
渺̬, ¥ÿ춼Щѵ, ʱʱӳȥʵսϰ
һ̭ʺҰǵ, ʮƷ֡
ڣִˡֵصסв㡢߲, γɼ, Ĺھǡ
СԲΪʲôſŮŵɽһߵһΪʲôμֱ
ȡµЩԹؿһЦеĵ곤
𣿡곤ŷмαСԲ衣
ٺ١СԲ̧°͡
ǰӲʱ, Ҷǿǲ벻ġСԲ˵
ǽɱ, Ҳǲù͵Щļһﻹ׷Ҫ˰ᡣ
һԵĨһһСĺڶۣ޳мαһγɼ
һûʲô⣬ܿɼͳˡ
ס
ڵлƽرֺܺãĸּϣǲȥģһСľͻɸ߿ʵ̫Σա
ҰǵĻ˹ǵı֡
ڶ
ǲȷʵͣҲҰǸ¥Ӱ졣
˼ֻҪܳһʱ䣬⵼ǵĲЧʷǳ͡һʼңңȣǳԱ֮ͽ״̬
èһֻڶ
èĻΧǳ㣬ӵص׵߲㣬޷ǲĽŲè̫ˡ
ǵִûйãʱⲻҧ󣬶ڽŵ̸ʮӣû˼˲ҧȻȥһ
ΪھȻ
źèĲһΧҲµϡһͣԸҪж
ЩɵСŹŵִǳЧǳЧ
αĹ̽ϣԼҪһֶ¥˵
ЩﶼҪɱ
ֲָ붨λ֮ѵҰˡҰֻʹȨûȨ˺ҲҪܷġ
ҰΪ
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ǺܶҰˡ
ȫΪ꣬ҰǵĻǲǲ̫ԣ
Ҫ˵ǲһ£Ҳ׼ȷҰ²ʢҶ֪ѵѵһ쵽ˣѵѧУɽ˺ʱʱ׵Ұ
ִſڣþתͰذһһżΪ磬ɵҲɵ
ǲΪ˻ҵѹ˵þɣҰұôߣٷҲΪɡһҴ²⡣ǲšΪ˲ӣΪ˲˵ģҰǳ˼һٲ¾ûô򵥡
ԭˣΪǵȫǷͳ
һĹҴҰǵοͰѡΪҰ˵ҰǸèèСҥԴصʱµĺϢˡ
ڰϷͷѾɹңڰϷҲһ½ڡ
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ЩҷʵҪôߣҪôͽҪôͳ˧֮ӡֻҪЩδһ
ҰǵҲһңƽպܵ͵Ҫɢ¶׿γ̵һҶ֪ﻹˡ
ûѵͿˡ
ͨǲûѵģȽ⣬ͨ롣
͵ʱʦ˵սҲкǿ츳־ܼԦӴֳֵܶĵӻ߼϶Ҳ
˶Ⱥ˼ȤҪǰϧԼСԵҡ
¥֪͵ȷҵͷҪ֪˿϶úøšĶˮ֡
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ҪΪ˱ǿװѱʯͨأڵʮŲ㡣
ʯѾҰŵĴ򿨵֮һڵ곤ľƹݡ
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߶Ǵҡ
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ڶ󶴻ȫˢ£ʯλñá
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Ǳʯ󶴴Ĳֻο͵ӺӣĶҰǵȺ塣
ҵʱ̣ܶڰϷҪô
ҹˣֻг¥ͽˣѾ˯ڴϣڿ飬¥˼
һһ죬ȥǵδҰǵδ
Ϸ֮Һһ»عʵҲ޷̽ܡ粻Ҫǡ¡
ЩֵܼϷȴڻعͨĵһѡɱ
㹻ǿһУأһֱڸѹнӦ
ǵԭʼգǿһ˾ռһءҲ˺ܳʱȥȹعƽǼꡣ
׺ĴԼѡ뿪磬ȥյĵطפء˵ʵǸӦΣջ
ͨʵʱѾ뷨˵
ǳ¥ΨһߣҲܹߡΪԭԸЩƫʱǱһµġ
ʱ̬ȡ
۲ӳǰׯӹӸ߸ϵݽ档Ŀⳣͨ
ǰ;ԼӢ۵ģΪӢ£СȻ˽Ƶλá
¥ͽڶһۡ
һҺͨ˶ܵĹ򡣡
һĺڰϷ
¥Цƺе㲻һҲ;ͬˡ
֮ǰ룬ĸȦһأͰѵЩǶȥ˸Ļҿøһ㡣¥˵
ڽĻ츽СǣǿǱԳֻԵĶĸŰĹǡ
ʵҲֻΪңΪ˸һϵĹǡҲﵮȻѾѡôЩеĹҲؽ˽
뿪ĸȥ˱ǻһ
뵽սɢˡ
λƬѾʼܻ򣬾Ƶĸһѿôܰļǣ¥ûͷ
ˣ
ˣһѹϣҴϢ¥ͷڽڵļϣ˫ֻؿתĺڰϷиſռ䣬ȴڵġ򡯷
ֻʱоԼǿԡġ
ұ
ûлشֻǽԼϥϵ̺ӷֳȥȻƺûʲôá
һ¥ȥڴϣ˫ֽСϣ۱պϡˣԽԽҪ˯ߡ
ʼƺһ㻹𣿡
ܵͺܵͣӦȴڡ
Ͱĵ˯ˡ


120 
, ̫æŤŸ첲Ŀ˹Щ˵شѵ
Ŷã͵ô£ôܽô죿
뵽ԼȻֻʮӾͰܱ˹ͷǼάŸ主, Ҳϳǿ͵츳ڣ곤Ϊ׼ѵЧҸÿˡ
͵һ, , , һ鼡Ųݺӵ
ϳ˼˲ݻȻȽûһȭһȭ򵽽֫иоϧѵײʹ, Խʱڡ
, ¾ͱ˵ˣô̼ƢִСү
͵², ˹û˼, ҵַᣬʼҷ˼
ʱĥȥ, ȷʵûкúѵиˡ
ǿ˹Ҳ߹ȥ, ͵һ, Ավţ¸УҪȫУױУУ顣УУѣûȤ
Һæġ͵ҧŰ, ˵塣
˹Ǻǣһ, ҰҲдѧ, ȻǸ¿Ĵѧ, ȷȷʵʵҲлרҵ
ûȤ˵곤Ȥ
ţ
ʮӺ
ҰѧǷμθУ״۾Ϳʼˡйμӣ⻹˹ԵԹߡ
͵³˹Чʡ
˹¶ֵ΢Ц
¥ǾãҰǵ˳ȥһ磬ҲԼˮƽһܺõ¡ڳɼԼܣźĲҪ̫⡣
ǹ㻹ûҪ˱
У״ܿǵǺվһսȥ˵Ļˮƽ֪֪ˡɿ˵
Ұȥһ֮󣬿ɿʶ곤Щһƣµӣû
ΪİͶһȫȫⷢչ³ǣһŬҰǵҵ飬ûôǿҵԸҪ
ȻҪûãҲǷַӾͽҸͶġ
֮ǰô֣ôھͣˣ
ʵܼ򵥣ǹƽһˮƽ˽˶ԹϲãͿ
ǰ˺ɣ˾ֻϵûôȫҰҪĹ̲⡣
˭뵽ȻǸʵɣ
Ͳ˵ˣçشԣˡڲ֪ԭ츳ڵ³Ǳϳǻ档
ֻʮӣҰѧǷμӵ˾
ȥ
˭ȥͿ˭ȥ
ţûǿѡ˭ȥвμӵԸܱȻ¼ȡǰѧȥ
֮Բ˵ҰǣǲЩμӵֺʵ
ﲻ˵Ҳ֪˭ˡ
㵽׸곤ʲôԻɿʣҰĲϣҰѧһսġ
ȥ̫۸ˡ͵ļ磬תѵķߡ
Ϻɭ߹ɿɺͿ͵µĶԻˣ͵¸͸ߵĻսʿսμȷЩ۸ˣջҲǸϲսˣԽǿԽܼǱ
ô˵ʲôˣɿɺ
һǲȥ˻Ǽλ棬˺üǾٰĻױ
ô£͵»ɿɺȻʲô곤Ū볡ȯˣ
ɣ֮ʱȷʵܿ졣
ɿͻȻĬˣΪˣҪһͬìܵʱ򣬿ɿ̧ͷ곤һǺðְֵġ
ţһɻ󲻽⣬ΪʲôͻȻᵽ
ȻԲϣ곤ǣĸԺӡ
ҼϲףãõѵõʦʺϵĶ֡
ϲֵģϲоģϲµġϲûҲҪеҼҺӲûС
̫мӸˣҲûܹĸ˼
ֹǣҰǾûܹ˽ݵĸĸ飬ǺܶǱģʹšʧƷƷıǩ
ԭҰһǿʳĵطʹĥϲʱ˵˰̳˺ס
˵һ䲻ģҰǵĹɱĹǡ
ڵ곤֮ǰ֮ûһǮġꡯÿ˶úܽɿɵ޺լʵ˳ӣİ磬ϵϺˣ͵µĳĬЩȫԱֶΡ
ʲôʱʼαװأ
λѾ𾪵˵ԱߵСȻ˵أԼϰǰɲģ˶ˣԽԽ⣬ҲԽԽ
ԭмҳĸоɿɽŲ
ܿ죬Ұǵ뱨ʹ췽췽ҰǵĻ˽⣬Ϊǿ͵´ӣû뵽ֻʶ֡
ϣûһʶûʦĳλսʿļ¼ѧϸֻҰǼѧľͶ¼
ǣһȻ岻ȫİеˡ
еĴȷʵԴȱʧ岿λ
ôãԪҲǲģճԣҪϸĻһǲġ
ҰǵıȴһеˣȱʧĻǼҪ֫
Ҽңûʽѧ׵ˣлһмˣһˣ췽ЩԼȴ񲻱أŪ
ǸеǺĳԱ϶ѧһң˵ϷӴ
һŶ೤ƴ
Ŷװɣʱѧף
һ˵˵ƽͣأû⣬ѧУû⣬ҲˡԸ⻨ǮһҲãҲãǶǵ顣
⻰ûԱϴ󣬻ûҪżǧָ㽭ɽ
ҰѧĲμͨˡ
ɹʱ򣬲֮һһڸУԺѡֺһʿȵõԼΪѡֵϢ
λѡô֪λһʱ¸ԼĻ飬ҶΪˡ
˵ˣһԵġǶӳ˵츳еϰõǾƵĻס
ΧסĺԱ˵öҪ״ˡһԶĺϴ󣬿첽ܹȥӳҡ
Ļ˵ú͵˵
ţ
ҪҰǵĴѧܿ촫ϣȺԷϢһѹ¥衯ѡ
Ҫ룬ΪеĴѧμӾһʤҰúܿǳб϶Ҳһ꣬ܲμӾͻơ
ѡֻĪѹԼϱʲô
ȥμӳ죬ǺǵĲ뿪ҰͻȻеĺ
תͷʱһ̬ĻգǻԼսʿĻӣһ·ͳǧ๫
ѡͻȻһǰδеļӷᣬѪѪҺڡ
µҰ˿һżʮգǻڿҰǵġǻ졯ģ
ǹů˼įҹա
⣬޴ŵͻȻҡֳԺ
㿴ҰǵĻȺҰǵѡ֡һȴˣ򿪣ҽԺոҰǶ֮һӤŮָգϴŽ
ӤССıĲϰһۣƺŴ⣬ƺֻǺؿ硣
ҰǸõطعĳҴҲҰǻյһĻյĹģսѪɱ˴
֣
ҰǺСսʿȴսḻģװӳ¶һа١
ȵȺ뿪ʵĳС
ҹҰǺӣǺһΣǺӱߵɭһӡ
֪Ұǻиĵطڵ¡
Ƕ۲õĻѵΪӺ׼ѵ
һжʱͽǮֻˡ
ֻڶĸ߶ңо˵ƽ׵ҰˣʱҪģҲ䱦
ððеζһӵпµ˲Դĵطô˲Ķأ
ڵҰǿɲյҰǡļȲ˵ڵҰǺǿó˵
͸ŵȫλսԺĹϵͲܶġ
ǰҰǣŸžܼʻȺǹҵա·
ҪҰĽͨϵ·ռšҰûĹҵϵпռţѣ㹻ڲ֮ء﷢չ꣬ǸǵҲҰǵı̻
Ұǣŵĸ档
ͬ黹ֱֱֵĽУͬ˵·ľͷƬɽֵĵطһĹڹϮеͨˣΪľˡЩ˵Ĺÿ춼˴ɨ׻ҲԸһĹ˵˵
Ұǵ³Ǯװƴ֮ܽĹľ˾ûˡ˵ҰˣӾ˵ƽ񣬶ڴɽӢ۵ݡ
³ҰҪػһУϡδҪռҰǣ谭ǳЩҰˡ
ͬļ򣺡ᡣ


121 
峿, ǰףϰ˻ûӼ
¥Żĵˮ۾ȴͶ䵽յһһ, ʪ͸ˣǽڰѻûɡ
¥Ͱѻȥ۾, Ц˵û뵽Ұǲų, һ˾
һʼ˭ҲûаѲμӸУ״
һǸԸѧԺɵ, зḻ֪ʶ, ϵͳѵ㿴͵, ѧԺɵġ˹Ϳ˹ҲǣǶǴӾԺУġ
Ұȥѡ֣һѸУѧڴ͵ġ
λǰѧԺɣǿ͵½̳ģڻеˣ첻С, һǳ֮ѧģӴҲһ꣬һѧɲŵģߵҰ·ӡ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽, , һҲǰ٣ֻӴ˼µֹʮǿ, λȻֱӴܾ, Ҫһ֮ھ
˭뵽أ˵Ҫ, ҰҲһһ㶵ġ
Ҳûͬ¶ɵˣĬĬԼϴ󡣽̳ͽܶôţλǿʲôز
͵޶ԣλĵطսϷִ˿ܾûˡ
Ұǡˡÿ꼸ιϮĻʵʵƳģʲôüģ
õĻǾݵĻףȫֲ˻е˵Ĳ㡣
͵ô侲˿ɲСԾʱ򣬾ɿɿɴȥֳˡ϶ͷתɿˣʱȹС˵ע⵽ͷŶžͷ¶Ц
ɿɽװرŴ󷽣Ͷݣǳϴڶμҵ
ﵹˡ¥ŻѾˮ޼֦Ҷ˳ţ̡
ȵţ̵ݵ¥ͣ۾
ľˣֳ˺ܶˣͬʱֱҶ֪һݸϮеˣһ֮ӡ״ߣ˭ܵϹھ֮λ
Ҳһţڿͬܺ档
ͷŵĹƣСܲûαͶ̣ṩõĻάŶӺȫĻһ׻ٳʲôǶ޻ɼǼŵһҲǰԼȥ
Ѻ˶٣ʳ¥α˶ľ֣ͶעĽ󲿷˻ǲҰǵѡ֡
û٣¥˵Ӯ˸պøǷҲûʲô
ʱͿʼˣֹͣ˵۾ĻֶԾʹһͨᳬʮӡ
λѡֶʻԼĻ׳ˡһɫͿװΣ˫нһĻе¡ʱԱγԴܵĸڡһǻɫԲʣϤһ֪ҰǵģΪͿװҰ¥Ļʮơ
ҰǵܻײǴ
ͳΣ֩ͣſһҲܷ߱ڣǳʺҰĳл
鵽ǻĮҰǵѡʮֲտʼͷ˾ͿʼȰˣҰҪ䡣
¥ѹûȰȣͽڶϣţ̣ͳϣǰǼ˸С֩׺٣ǸͷͲһˡϾ˲֪˭ռơ
ֳĻսʿҲʶ㣬ⳡֻǿ˵սڼ˻µĲԡ
ǴսƵʱûпǹӳֿɳԴת豸̫ռ֮ġһȴ£ԽĴԽҪսپ
ѡֵһʱ俴أֱû굽ɳ£ȵʺϸ߶ȣϨȴʱ
ڶˣʲô
ûСսʿҫ𣿡ѧԺɵһţ·𿴵һӢµʿѧϰ˴̿͵͵Ϯ϶Ҳסˡ
Ұʲôط͹򽻵ĵطҪ͹˵սʿҫ𣿡һ˺ľٶٵĻȡʤǵġɵ˲ź͵˵ƽ
ⲻսҲǵˡ
ǡۿĳ¥ЦЦ޴
ȻһüӦ֪δ塣ǺӹҼңһ־ԹƽĻ׷ʤûκ⡣Щսʿδ˵Ҫսģ־ûУؼҿũ
Ǹ˱˵һǺ죬Ҳ޷
˵ǸͷѾֶûгսϡȻûҲƾʧֻǲˡ
̽豸ѰңûһӦԷӦǱɳУжԴ
У֮һѧü޷ѧϰģΪּ˸¶ԻױӰ죬ķԴȥάֻڵ¶ȡ
ңĻ½սף޷Ǳ뵽ɳС
ѵֻɺŵȴ
֪ʱϵԽöԼԽĻսʿѡֱӿױ¡򿪣öµߡ
طǸ»أըСĢƵʱǱɳ׵С֩벻о𶯡£ɳڻ
ĲãеĵطС֩ĸ
üһҪǱڻɳϣǾĳ˱֬סС֩ˡ֩ꡣ
С֩벻òɳӭͬľ޴Ĵͷס
һʺƽػողöĴĴͷһȫģʺϳкʹֵС֩롣
ͷûŪ츳С֩룬С֩ѪĴţҲһʱûа취
ԭΪһֻܾãû뵽ԼĪʮӵʱС֩ȻȫϢӰӾƭͷ뵼ɵľ޴ɳ
ԴͷĶλ޷޴ɳȥ߱
С֩ȻĴȿɵ
ɳϡֱѧھһڿɱ
֮ǰ˿õС֩ͨԻʤ˶ļһֳһƬĻ˶һ󼤶
ԭҰһ̷˷ܵĺ߲ĵͲߵұߵģʮ۳˷йʽ
ҰӮˣ
ߵ̫ƺҲܵ޴ϲãƲȾϽߣһ¾ˡ
¥һֱûʲôʱҲǰͲס̲סԱߵĽںݺһڣӮˣӮˣ
ڱˡ
~~~
¥ͻȻо̫ԣһתͷͿըСѾͷһսˣֻ۾¶ôָ졣
һ¥˿Ļ˾ܣ곤״곤磬
СѾͷƾʲôǴ곤¥ţ̱׷ȥĽŬҪ࣬ȴ̲סЦ
عѡܵӢ۵ĴǴӾź̺ϳǡпɿɵˣ˵γȥҲ̸²ٺϴĵЦݣСӰһҡ
˶ĵ곤ˣҰǵĽһһܻףԼԵ¼˺š
ҰǵĻǺһԷ񻶣ɭֵ̨ϣصǸرΪһݳ
ȫ񻶵ʱ򣬿ɿɵİ칫ͻȻ졣
ϰȥˡСЦ˵
ȴС㣺һȺ㣬˵ļˡ
Сһ㶣Цʧ
ˣǰȷʵѧϵļˡϧǺ֮ͳ˹ȥʽˡ
Сһ˵Ĵ壬ûر츳ҲûгһġȻûֵ
ʱЩ嶼СȻˡ
СǸĳ裬õıһҹ飬뿪ļСʧȥһУݺֶʹá
ʱأɰֻСҲ֪Լܸʲôʮ궼޷ģҲû֤
ֻȥҰǣΨһĹ鴦
ûرҲûԴС֮һֱڵײȡɨ׬ѡ
ʱҶײûǮҲÿ챥һټһ٣ݵø첡һ·϶Ʈ
һ죬С˲ڻˮǿɿ˵ָɸɾһϸˡ
ΪԼԱɿҲ⣬˵ɰԶ˿žͺʳ
ʮûļңʮߵʱֻ
С˵ϰ壬ֻҪ㲻Ҹ㵱һ
ʱҰĿɿɻŶȣаǮûУס
ȥʵع顣СɹЦ
ֻ䣬Ǹϣ䡢ڰҹС
ںҸҪƻҸٵ
ҰˣԶ


122 
ҹҰǵƻԻ, 񻶵ĶӻǺӱһ·ߵǺϡ
ߵĵ곤ֵڵƻɺдСҰһ۾ϳˣ˺Ĺ¶壬ŵԲԲĵ, ǳ°өĹо, ɹ
ֳȺħ, ʲôͶ, ôĿ
wooɿַ״޼ɵˡҲǴҵԻû뵽һ㡣
ҲǰָĹŮװһϮůɫĵȹȹϻ֯˽, մǵ, 쳣
, ֻǵ˹ھ, Ҫȫǻ𣿡Ⱥеοе޷⣬ԾԾԡ
Ǹͯ꣬ͼ۹ˡ
Ǳ˻ο, Ѿ͵Ĳɫ, ͷҲС
Ұĺϲףÿһֵ, Ϊǵܶ, ԸϧЩССĿ֡
Ǻӱ߸һһ侯, ڿзС
Ŀ͵ޱضĻǼʮĻżʮ˳ӵ·Ρ
ÿ˶ֵʱ, Ǻŵʱ
ȫԻֵ̬ĺԱڲͬ·άΰ, ˿ܶȡƺԼͳ˱ΧĴڡ
˧
ЩӪҵĻսʿ͵еԼûг鵽άΰǩӡ
˺, һæɹĲ粿
ҰǾһʽ, Ѿ˶ͷ¼ͬʱ, Ƕ⿪šҰǻһվȫ顯
ڵ¼Ѿ򣬲һڳϵӣ粿ĲˮҲͨæµš
ҰǾȻѾ̿Լľˣ
һϵͨѶ绰ܼʵͨѶѯʾ顣
֪£Ӧ̽ͬҰǵ뷨
ҪʽǼȫľǱġҰѾ߱ٷ֮ʮϾѾ
ҪһҲΪҰ˸õعѧϰ֡ҾĳҲĳ̶ֳ϶ڿγ̼
ⶫôֵģԽŶӣӲԶĹ̲Слİ
ţǽѾ̭ԭʼ豸ʯͷӣľ
ôûԭվ˻Ŀɿɿʱ䣬˵Ķ͹ϣѾʮӣⲻЧʡ
ٵӡɿôԼ˵ʵ͵ӣһ绰ֱӴԼ칫ҡ
칫˽Աתӣϰ壬Ϻá
ʲôˣڣ
ġԱ֮ǰһȺ˹֤
˵˵˵ˡҰǱ仯׵ÿ춼ܽӴһ㲻ʡ
ôû˵ɿߵһ֪Լһ˿ٽ£Ȼ˾ԱҲӦõΡ
ǿɿѯǼ˵òС
Աһһ˵ˡ
ȻЩˡ
ˣɿͨѶʲôˣݶļˣ
ݵˣûа취Ұ˴Ǳģݶûеģǵײеĵײ㡣
һ·ûиȥмˣ
ЩͻȻִ֣˵ơǿ˻ױֱС;ͼ
ɿɾСֻᱻƭĴҲһʱӳ
鷳ˣҿɲȥӦһµ
ΪĲдƷһԾмֵƷһ˷ܰɣ
ȱΪһ΢ʩҡβһ񻰴˵ǧ꣬Լˡ
ˡɿɸ绰Ϊߵһε߼ڡƽʱɿɼʹȨҰǣԼңòϡ
ҪʲôأͷԱڵǼǡ
ʲôЦһϺɫװóϹ۵ıʯ۾ڱϣȥҼС
εΡ
Ρ
ҰûܣɿɲߵȨ˵ǳŵıߣ֪ˣ¥յϢ
ϿһСȺɿɺˣʲôˣ˭֪𣿡
¥û뵽ϡ
Ⱑ˲μӻ׾ûڣʲôˣ
е㵣ĵĳ¥΢㣬ֲ޷вҳȥģŶͷЦͨѶ
ôˣڸոշ֧۳ķѽϰ廹һը
֡
ɿһֱͦ͵ģҳӣҲ֪ʲô¡
ʰɡ
ܽһᡣ
СĬؿϷóһЩ֪Ǽٵ֤ݣ֤޴ȥǲ˵ı
ǴѾǵǸʮûμ򵥵Ů
ҲѾҪЩġ࡯
Щʱ˵ġ塯ǡ˳Ӳ桯˻Ůˣ˻׶ӼӴĹ򣬲ܴл档
ǴСЩ˿塯ھ֮
п籩꣬ԣֻҪȥһ޼ʵգԶٻصС
ŵϦӡ
ĸ²ǵֻǣҰǵ̻˼
ֻԼܲꡣ
ЩûõĻ̫ˡ˵ΪҪǺҪʲôôʮѾ˷ʮķӣǻһӡС㿴ʱ䣬һ¹̬ȡ
ЩʮӴƵ˶סͼеȫһ
Թ߶ûУƺѾǿ޹ϵİˡ
ɲУ
ֻİˣǺαǧⲻǵ档
ʱֵ˶ܵͷˣԹҲ֪ʱǵĴûа취
ѧĸһ֡ôʹҺȫְ̫̫һһᣬ䲻ƾ׼
ǻʮ룬ͲҪ˷ڱˡ
Ů˵ҲǣҲǡ
֪㻹ԹǣʵҺһֱҲܺڣЩ궼㡣㲻ֱ֪￴ʱж༤Сѧ߳һ§סӵļ򣬡ܽ͵ǸԼһᣬҲһֲĻᡣ
С㿴һԸûʲô˷бʮӡ
ܽ˼ץסת׼뿪С󡣶Сתһ֧ǹ˵Ķͷ
ǹǹѾĹ⡣
Щŵˡ
ɫ԰ףҪ֣ҵĴȴˣһĸȫɫıжӽ룬ֿߡ
ҰǽٳǵĹԱ˭ĵӣ¡
ֱӳ
Щ֪ҰǸʲôĵطʱҲ˱ڣЩڿɲǧһĹרڵĶֻ֣һ棬Щ˾ſˣЩϮߡǹΧһţڵ˫ָ̧
ᣬᡣ˿װĿɿ߽ϳС˾Ѱ׵ġ
ѰףҰ˾޸ĸãףɿҪЦˣС֨֨Щף
Сҡҡͷ
ܽʧˣվֻвĻ֨֨
ܽô˵Ƕǡ
ɿЦʧĮؿЩɪɪ˺ǸھݵˣЩ˵׿ǻ˵ġ
˺벽Һӡ
߰ɣΪҪҴԶˣһ칤ʡɿɻӻ֣ھͰ
ǣϰ壡СЦܹȥһ
ˣм¡
ɿԭתˣʱֻعͷűһ£ɡ
⡮ʲôû˵ڣֻžһ˱һƴɳȥڿתһȦ룬ˤϣ³ŴѪݣɿǰȥĳ̶ȣͷԱˡ
ɿô
˶һüһ⼸仰Ĺ򣬿ɿɸԼһⲻ˺ǵδ
ˣˡɿ˦˦֣С֨֨ؼҡ
СЦЦ۾ʪˣϰ壬˧ˡ
ǣʲôʱ˧ˣ
뿪бϢ˳ţֳֻһȺȫ͵ˡ
ôܣֱ̫³ˣǿݵˣ
Ҫ޷죬ֱ̫ˣ
һӺͨ绰תɿҰǵײΰʲô𣿸һ֯һԡ



123 
˵ٲƺ䡣
¥̧ͷ, Ⱥм˿ңң֣ԭǻһļС塣Ƕһִ˵װ磬ǳӦִ
Ⱥظ, ¥ܾǰԼˡ
ף, Ԩ, ˡ
һ, ԭһǱ仯࣬һһжӶߣֹ߱Ԩζ˳ˡ
ڣ
¥ۡ
Ϊ޷Ԥ֪δСħ, ǻ, ⳡȺħ衣
Ƕֵ˹Ц, ѹûʶǴøƤļһƤ
ú, 硣һǡСһ㲻£ħǹͲӣ¥һ, ٴκͽûȺ
Ƕ߶, Ҫһ, ˺ߵİɫת, Ǹɷļһ, ɰŹǺ嶼ֱˡ
, ѵһΡ¥ߡ
һֱǳ˲³һ
, ΪᱻǸԨץȥѹڤԨ񶼷ˣץСҵ, Ҿ˵996Ƕϰ
ȱôԶ, ˵;һǸԨ˭߿ӡǺڰ񡣡
Ҳ񡣡
û˵ĸԨܺ;õøһһ
, ߣס͵ѹԨ007ˡ
¥СԹ֣ԹϵĹۿɿӢ۾ְԱ£²Щ޳ܵߡ
ǾȻҪ͵£ˣ
ǱˮĿ͵ĬĬ֣תɿɡ
϶Ѿ֪Ұ֮֮ˡЩ˽˷ɴģҪҪ
˰ɣֻӣõ¡ȥըῼԱķɴֳ£Ƶϡ
һҲǣЩ˵ӹ졣ΪʲôЩ˳Ұǣ;ͼ
һ˵ɵԭǣҰƾʲôΪ֡ɵ
ɵǮࣿ
Ұּ˲ԸԾ뿪ۼ˵Ļ֢ߡѰףҶף
ʵҰǸֱĻ֢ߡ
ȻŻ֢ҰҰ˱ֵǮ׵ԽԽˡ
ͨҰǵǣϲ˽£ҪҰǵ棬ǲ˼İɡ
Ҿһ˵ļ˶ҰǵĴˡ
뼮Ұ˸ԭĹȣҰǴ鷳곤һͬʣõģ˲֪Ŵ󡣡
ǰҶǻ֢
ԴͬһǩǡԼˡڻ֢ѾˣֵͬصѾһۿ
֡Һһġڽ֮͡ԿΪҰڵ곤ĴһƬã˽Ľǿϲϵĺ
һԶٷչ
ΪҰǱˣ϶ֵҰǵĺôȴһԼĹȵļһĶ⣬رЩһﶼɨȥ
Ǹ¼ҲδؾͰҰǵԼļ԰ǻΪɹһҲΪҰǡ
ԲҰǾ硣һð
ɿɣˣ˵˱ڹȥû°ɣҰڹųĹϣʱͬµģ
ɿɺǺǣǵа
͸ղŵĻ˵ʵгĸʲô޷ı䣬ھϣκģ
ҶϣǲҰǵľʵ棬ľ硣
ͬľ岻̫һҲǿ޺Ǳ롣
磬
ĲǷԴͬһ
ĳÿģ
곤һͬʱﵽĿģƶƻʱѾǵ֢֮ͬԼҰˡҪѴʱ˼ͳһɶľЧ
ɿɾԼ˵곤ƾ米壬ϲü򵥵ȥڸ֮ĶĿġ
ʵֲһҲв𣬵ھûС
ǣھʲôҪľҲ޷ȫϢԾ硣
ҰǵƽǿȣܴһСʱͲˡ
ͷ峩ھĸоȫϢɱȣͺȥصĸۣѾϰߵСëëʧˣ˱ʮɣԵתٶȶӿ졣
ԾʺϽ͹
ΨһȱֻܴһСʱͻΪƣͶȹ߱߳ȥ
Ҫʣ壩ΪУȴֻվ档
˵ǿľԴķʽô磬ǡг飬߻ееԡʲôӵġ
Զĳ¥ͻȻһ񺮣ôһ˲ԼǴϱоʳ
Ѿ뿪ܶĻǺӣͽɭִ̨Ĺϯ̨ϵݳΪѡݵģ⵱ȻҲͻסս֮Ԫйء
֮ǰǴǿԭأ֦Ҷï¥֦Ѿ߹мŷƵҶƬ
ʺͨ˵绰ϵϣܽ缼ڲᡣǿԹַЩΪԭ޷μӵҲ侳ȥá
Ȼǹٷ˵ʵϣμӵǾ汾
ᣬҲýһƱѣֻǲŹЩСë
ҪּĲֻһ΢е˶ܿǱ
ʱЩҵǿҶԾоĹҶѾʼҵҪԼľо
ûԴģǮŲƷ֮Ҵ۸սֻǮֵȲƵ֯һʱ仨Ǯ
ֻҪⱾͲرѵļͻƽ⣬Ǿʱ׬ѡ
ȫȨö˺ĺĹ̲ˡ
¥Դ˺ܷģǿúܺá
ҰѾ̤죬ûҲûˡҾӦʶһλ͡¥Խ˵ڴ飬뵽δҪ뿪ﻹе㲻ᡣ
ǰùԼʵ˵ʱ棬ûôͶȥһУԹرʱҲûֲᡣ
дӡǣµĶǧϡȷ
ûĸԼûйûг¥ûڵҰǣе˻вᡣ
ֻпѣ˻ûʧҲͣ׼Ǽλϣôݣ
Žڵļ򣺡ˣһȥ̽棬Ųء
ڿӲš
дšҲš
רĿݳ˸ûע⵽Կ⽵˴ڸеˣ̨ϴϳոս͹һƬû
˵ģԺһаɣֱһˣˣͻص
ںһ֦ҶƵá


124 
յñȺһ㡣
Ϊĳ¥ǰȥҰǵչݡ
ģʦԵʦһ˵, չȴҰ˻һЦɫҲ߽ģϱ仯·ƺܿҰǵı仯
ƷЩغͳ¥˵, ѾͻӦеλԵ곤Ǹעꡣ
֮һ¥, ˵ʲô
չȷʵúɫٰصҲϣñⶰرĽ, ԺΪСͲݡǾͻⶰȨ
ˣҹ䡣¥Ҳûк, ĵĴ²ιҰǵչݡ
ҰǵչݷΪ㡢в㡢ײ͵ĸ, ҰǱǡչݵһ¥ȴҪ˽ҰĿƼƷ, Ҫȥв㡣
һ㣬չݵв㻹һССľƹ, عšƹƹݡֹݵӡ
һŵĴƽ̨ҰݳΧһȦҰСԽֵĿ档
ƽֻ̨ʵҹš
һֺͱݣһʳ̧ͷǿգһ;ú
£Ϊսʿ׼ѵ
˵ҰǵĻսʿʸΪõѵ豸ͷ, ôԼһ°ɡ
οͺѵ, ϧѵֻҰ˺Ͳֹ˿šǵóԸˡ
⣬Ϊǿι, ײ㻹һʱ, ֱӴҰıʯ, ȡһڿȯ
¥ճװһιչ, ѯҪ͹豸ôãСʳֵʳĹӦа
·ϻйԱļչģʶ¥ΪƵѣҲû̫ע
֮뿪ҰǵչݣȥչݿȻܽȥһҲܵõϢ
Ҷûš
ķѾʵ̫ûˣ翪Ȼܱٷѹ¡˼ᶨƷ·ߣ˱һȻͻȥˡ
ҲһĸӵеļֱǾţһëȻǾôˣ
ȻǲָЩֻ֪ûѪԵļһ˳ųġ
ôһ㸣ҩֲͨŴãǲϢؿˣŮҪϢؿƣǡΪūŮ
ѾۿǲˣֶܳԸ
ֻºһͻᶯ֡һ׵ʤ֤Լǿ͵λ
ںʱѾһ߰¡
ͷһѽҶѾѺͶ뵽һ飬ԾչݵΣҲܿԾԾԵ
˵չЩԵչʾ
޸ܸ͵ǽչƷõ
š
СܲõĸײǰȥȻȥģֵּڵĿԻϸԵҩȲ
ѾΨһܲõ˺ܶࡣ
һֱԶʳĸҲʼҺôٶȵ˵е׺Һս¡
ͬʱҲĽԼļ
ǰչʾƼ͸ֹҵɫƷģҿҪɾˡ
ҰΪ֪ķ֮һ֣ʵЩޡ
¥ĬĬʡˣһʼ¡չʾҰǵѺú⡣
ͻȻһرչǰͣ½Ų
ǽ𡤽ɭڵ֮չݣǰƳҲԼĸֲƷǣȻڻȴһ䣬ǽǺɫɼƶϽļǣû͸оƤƤ
ɫĽлԼ˰ɫĵƹ⣬ƹһһƬɢϢĽڣ
չ֮ǰģ˵һֱЩչݵ˽ࡣ
¥ͻȻнϵǱڸ״ãΪѾ˲ҡ
֮ǰʲôӵģ
֮ǰչǷɫΣȥǷɫһƶ䡣
Ļ֮ǰչʽǺܵ͵ֹչͣ˵ģչݻӽ깤ΪʲôͻȻֻ޴װͣ
㻹ǵʲôʱͻ˷𣿡
šǰ
ڵĿƼֻǻһۣò̫ʱ䡣
һֱ⽻·ߵֹңͻȻת˻磬ע𣿻˵ѾΣ˲Щˣ¥̲ס롣
һֱҰǣ¡
㲻ڣȥδӦòǺ⡣
룬¥ڻǼ๤Ļ᳤ϣһĶ
а꣬͵ˡڽʬԭʼ磬ѾƳⲻֻҰоĹͣרҰһоˡ
ǰһϵʱ򣬽תֺüΣһĽʬЩѧͶµоС
ʬȻƵը
ʧ᲻ǴεĽʬйأ
¥ɳֻʱ䲻
ڡһͣ£˽ҪŹȥר
Ұǽһ֧ϵһСǡ
¥ƻŵʱżһͻƣܽһҰֱӵǿСǵͨϷΪݡƻ
УʱſܻҰϷǸ޴ĹΡ
Ұǻ˺ų̈Ŭıǿ¶ȣϣ㹻ȵĴ㱣֤ر¶ȶʹﷱܡ
ڣǻһŲ
򣬵ǿʢĹǰһ²Ӧ
֨
¥¾ƹݴſˣԭ˿ŵʱ䡣һӰӱıѾСԲѾǸˣϲŮķͺװ
ǰŰȻܸɾŰ˳ְѹ̨һŽ׼
¥¥ᵽСԲϵѪζӵˣ
СԲһ£СûźٺһЦ˽ǵĹٷͨһ㣬ûŶ
¥̲סָţҲܣ÷
Ӿ㰮ãţοΪСԲԼƲסԼɱĹٷͨ
ҰǱڲͬĳУ޷ıܶڲͬˣҲѹֻȥǡ
Űһ߽ţһ߿棬
곤ô겻ģȴһ࡯ؿѾߵСԲôô֡
˵ֵܵʲôʱҪű˼ǲ²ܾϡУڵ곤һְɡ
ŰƽѾܺ˰ɣ
¥תͷʰŰŰʳģϴ֣ȥ
ֳһСţ߽ȥڣһǺңȥɼƳɺƣ񶼷ľͰб档һڿ˾ƸףþƵʳơ
¥ԡ¶࡯Ϊɽ̵ŰƣѧģƹơƶƵģͷеľƿͳ
׼ľ䷽ڸػѾָ߳ɣƵԭҲ򵽡
ŰѧҲ˵üΣ곤㲻Ҫȥ㡣
¥ǴŹ
Ҳ˵һĻ곤㲻Ҫݡ
Ű¥ȴûдֻЦ˵ѧ⼸ֻƣҾͰѾƹݵԿ׸㡣
Űͣ½Ųֻһ룬ͷҲصƽ곤͵ԺѧˣԼһƹݡ
⻰ʵ¥ȴû
СԲ¥ֿƽѵţϰҪߣȥĶҸ߰
Ҳֻ֪һġ
̫µĶСԲҲ곤ȥĸףȥĶŮӦȥĶ
˵곤ȻҳԵö࣬Ҳܿɰ
ŰĻӦǰѲ˰ϵð졣
ң͵͵ſǷɴϣôСԲһ⡯
Űֹͣ⣺Ҿʺڵ곤
Ϊʲô
ֲУԡ


125 
ҵĽãȻСԲ
š
ֲ, ܡС
ϰġ˳ֶһСӸСԲת¥СԲֻúɾС
¥¥ڴȿ־, һһΣɫĽɫСҲһһΡ
ˣ־, ԭҲ־, Ǹ³嵥ǼͿװ֪Ϊʲôͻ׼ġ
ˡ
ڹȥӵ, ˻, ˿, ¥Цƿ͹ȥˣô
棬̭ڵĻشЩᡣʱȷʵҲ˲ǣӦǸĻ, ǱȻ¡
Ǹأ
ġȻûˣ˻һðֶԻ
ȥҰǵչ, رÿ¥ֺ˵չݵ顣Ұǵչ˵ֹչݡ
ҿţΪ׼ѾᵽսϢ, ıʤû
Ҳǲγ¥ǲţ̫, ʧࡣ
˲٣ֻѡȴͬ
Žһ쵽, ĶԽԽ, ܶҵնýš
һ˺Ѿ׼ټ, Ƕս, ǲ
ǼʵĹ᳤˵, ʱ˺ܶԴȡңϣڵࡣ
ͬʱѧظϡ
һһģ»߷Ƿͨߡ
Щֻһ벻ܻŻǸշоͷдϷеõļ
룬ѧһع飬ҿʼֱС֪ʶҲܸоֺѹǵգ̼Ƴĩշ͡ԾȰ
Ұǵû
һѾϰ˾ΣҺڱԼһҰС̼ʱ֡˼롣
¥ͺܺá
ŬҰ˵ľѾﵽٷ֮٣һõ׼ʻִյҲӽٷ֮ʮͨҰ˱رܡ
͸˵һȫԱְɣȻѾ׼ΪʲôһҪΪȻ̻̲ÿһ죿
ҪԽǼó涴һѡǸĿռҵ϶˹ҲͶȥǱ嵥
嵥Ǹ˿ģܳĶǸоһʱ䣬ͳɱġ
ʱ䶢ŸźҰǵҲ٣˽»ϵܻ
¥̽һӵ㣬һھӵ㣬ҪǺ̲סġ
ڳĬغͳ¥һ𣬾ϮԽ
뿪ӾԽ
廹ûоôԼɸγİ취ƬλҲƬģҪǧ꣬ܽλ档
ǲУ𣿡
̰ĺڰϷпɼַʽɳ¥Ѫ⣬Ϊһ壬Ҳһαֻĸϡ
ʱ໹ڣҲڣǺʲôϵ
¥Ļشǽڴͷǵ޷ֺ˼롣
ȷҪôͺڰϷ󶨺һ᲻ϱӰ죬ûΪָңԺҪ񾭲ﳬ޵лĴˣ˺ַ񲣬ΪЩǵ̤ʯϣԺ𣿡
⻰˽˼룬¥ǲ̫ģͰѹ鶼
ææýŲմأûʱЩˡ
ܺ˼룬֤̫С
ڶ쾹Ǹѵõ죬ɫããҰϲΧƣƵľ޴ʱ֡
ͣ㣬еҰǺ޴ʱ˵к;С
޴ʱźУ߽Ӻ¥һ㣬ûƲ㿴
ûľ޴ʱžһżӣмտյܿաƺȸ˭ߡ
û֪ʲôӣǲǿɾȺͨ
ȻѾɰ࣬Ұ˻ǾʣʱһУҰǶԵɰˡ
Ȼ޴Ľ￴GǣҲܿĴڰɣȺһİοͿ޴ʱţž޴
һԿԽϵʱš򵥴ªĶ;ȶʱŵִͿϵʱţļʵڽ̫ˡ
Ұǽ־ͿϵʱŻ
Ϊ˽һҰǲԼսʿܶࡣȥûջǽǾ޴ʧ󣬵Ұûһɡ
ǵ곤ľһر⣬Ҫǵǳʶȥ뷨Ұ˶곤ſµ˾
곤дģˣһʱ̫̲Ч֡
Ұ˶Լĳ˿ȣ˶ģһҰǵĳ˴ľҰǻ᲻Ҳϴ·
ټʱˣǲ֪ʱڳɹ
αװˣҲǵ긺˵ļһݷֻصԭλãһζжһвŵͳ˧
ͼƻڽʱͽȻֱĸǣŷС֪ʱΣա
ȻǾ޴ĿϵʱѾвǡ
ļ˵ϵʱţߵʱռҲõó弶Σ׷ĶǴԪռ似Ŀռ似

ΪϲʧصĸоᱻǱһǵĽ
Ǹ࣬һֱƭң
ǳһֱίߵĽĵܵܣͬʱ඼ܼӺͿơ
´ݾߣѾɱЩࡣ
ЩΪࣿãһۿġˡ
ĸǣҰǵվ
һ˽ģһƾĳУǼʵƶ߶á״̬ЩľãȴһһŬ۾Ĺη塣
Բɳ
һҰɵһٸ˵ֻһ࣬ҲһѿеĹͷ
޲ϴž̤ƽȻȴϡĵķûǴǴ򱳺ǼʷͥǲǼʷͥȻ
ֻҪֹ죬ϢͲ©ٳȥǾǱܡ
뵽֮ǰֱص룬ｫЩܵʬλز͵˾һǧ飬ǵĴھ֮ǰҺͷչͣͲǰԭ
ϼӵоȨԼ˿ҲԼ
̫УҸ߹ࡣΪֵһЦŷ
Ұǲȥĵһطȥ˸ڹҡ
̲в
ϧҪĶǵ˽ϣڱֻһЩĲҵ
ǽȥǸɭϵ򣬲ͨƲˮƽͶƼһ࣬˵ȡ
һ˵ƼĹңǻȲǸءҰǵĵѵ˾һ¡ΪĻףΪ޴ҡ
ôʤ̭ŵҾûе͹׵ģһͨͬͺŵķɴ׶ܼơ
ЩˣʻΪɫĸʽи߲㡣
ǰ겻˵Ҳ޶ݵɾ˶òϣһǱ
ǼȻѾݣôǱǱС׳ɡ
ҰѾˣһվҪȥִ򿪵ͼһұ־档
ȴҡҡͷһһ¡
ʲô£
Ҫеĳ


126 
ŵ, ܽʲô£ֻҪ׶ΣϾƹǶ׼ʱھƹƹ, Ҳ⡣
ƹѾкһʱûƳ¾ƣľˮȴһġ¾ϼܡ־
أֵ֣ǵζƣ
׼ȷ˵, ھơø߾ƾȵĻƼϼܡϻݱֲǽȡϾƿ˵ЩȻƵѾǵ¶, һרҶҪרҡ
¥ЦſۣҪҪһ־ǰŰƵ, ǵһȵˡ
Ѿóһǲƿ, ɫľˮ׵ĵ񻨲󣬶ʱһɹľ濾Ѭɢаſ㡣ӵ, ֺӡ
ϾƹԭŰƵ¾Ʒ, ֪ûе곤ĺá¾ƵһǶľƳ͸ת
úȲúȵĲ֪ŵͦرģһǾƹݡ
Ȼǵ곤Ƽ, ôðɣҳ
Ҳԣô˵ǵ곤ְֽ̳ġ
Ƶ˷
ŰľƴһϲġСԲ̵׼, Щǻ޷ȥҪŵʱ, İ߽ƹݣסʺš
ƹÿ춼İ, žƹݴĿ, һᵽôֵζ
һζ, һḯζ˵ĳʪС
ֱࡣ
СԲǳ֮èЩؿ˵ıӰ
Ҫתѵ곤ȴ곤Ѿ֪ĶʾѾ֪Ĺ
ϰѾ֪˰
СԲĵ곤ŷǱѰΣʵŮЦгš
ڼ⡮࡯һ
¥ǽҰǵʱͷˣ۾͸ʬ忴˿һĶкľСĳӡ
þ˿ߴʬ壬αװɻˡ
༼ȥˣû˻ªƭ޷ǱģǾ˵ķ
δˣͽ˺ܾá
Ѿϳһ߻ʵʩֵļһҺޣɱȫҪɡ
и⣬ѵɱǾܽ£
ܣûˣˡΪ־ǾҪԸǼꤵɱһֻС¹
˭ں˭أҪֻǡɱС¹ɹѡ
ٳ¥˶ͳ˧΢е˽⣬һơ֪᲻ø⣿
Ȼû뵽˻ᵨƹݣΪû˿Է𣿾СԲ̾ǵĲԾ
¥ĬĬȾƣסֻСӵĳ嶯

ȴ֪飬ΪصشСӵ˸ζľƹݡػ˵ǡˡʵĸߵȹЩϡ
Ӫ־ƹݵ˾͸˿ˡ
˾ȻһǵʵȨߣǷѾ𱰡
Ȼ˳ߣɵӣܿͬ׼һƬĺôɽ׼ĸϽ׼ĺôԼĸ
˾֪¥ԼڵĺôҲǾϳϵġ
Ĭˢõ㵹ơƣ˸šڼһֱڿ̨ĳ¥žƣʱʱӦЩ׾ƿ̲ͣסЩü
еĵǲһ
Ұǵĳ˵ǺǮӻǼﻹ༼ʱŶһַչģ͸˺
ΪܰЩµӦЩ۵˳ͻһЩʵڿ
һ͸ࡣ
ˣΪѾȫԼʮ꣬ԽԽ
ٿ͸ҰǳɵҰǣԷ̡֮ǰҲԹȷŶƹݵŶȥ֪ʲôǾġ
˼룬ǰ˼£װԼǸͨ˰Ⱦơ
һôȥһ粨δĲ֮ͣӹ뿪ֻмһ֪
ǵĵҲ˳¥һźţֻȲ˶ˡ
Ϣ˹
˹ûĸڼ򣬲ǰԵصܣǷݻЩɬҲȫȥھһͷ룬ЦİԵܲá
ҲżΪҰǽӵʱܺͿ͵Ƶеͬѧսһһ㵱ĸо
˹õ¥ߵϢûвһ·£ж
˲ҰǵҲǺǸֱͨҰǵʱţһһӣδҳۼ
ο౾ĶӴ붼ǹ˽֣֮ǰֱӰε룬ʣСҲд֮ͨǰ޳ȥǵҪ
Ҫ˵浽̶ֳȣҲ˲
ôͼûʲôãǽټˮȨָһͷҵðǡ
¥Ѿȷ˽£һ뿪Ұ֮ȥһ˽˽С˵ˣĵܵҲˡ
¥Ľº˵һ˵ֲ֪ľһУϢȥĴǸˣ
µıֻΣʱ򴥷
ûа취£Ϊ¥һʼԤУΪ˽һʶͷһֻһλᣬɲأ
Ҳ
ֵ֪ô¥üĴϱĵСѾ˺ü
¡ռвһžӵŮ֡ع⣬ÿһﶼһССӰӣǴҲȥڡδ
Ů
ңԶĳ˽
ץĭƵıĤͷĵܴܵɫȦѩ׵ĲӣܿƤµ
ǶʲôͷʴСͷһ԰͸ɫһ˫۾ش󣬿ʱǯ}ûš
ںܺãԺòãȡˡССķĵ
ЩȻֱ壺˵ҶѾ˵ˡ
ԭѾԼܵͳȥһжˣǡ
ԼûóռԼ˼롣
̫СģΪǸŮֻΪ˼ڡȴ֪Ů֮Ա͹Ϊӵر֪ܽһ˼룬һ߽׾ߡ
侲侲
źûгʧܡ
ûǸעҩʱľҲ壬᲻һʱ䶼ججҼױ׳滰
⻹Դ
ʵԹֲһֿ׻ˣҪɿܡ̫ˣ֯üӾͰЩ߰ͷһųȥ
Ҳ幹رЩļһֻѡעҩ
Ȼ׽Ϸġ
Ա֤Լ˵κλԣ˵ԣ˵¾ȫʵĺ
δ̫СԵ
ȻѾܵܣôӦô֪ɣ
ЦһѾûʲô¿˵ˡ
һԵġδޡŽȻǸ˵ͷ
̫ƻˣҲȫĻþ޴۾עŽ𣬡һһֱ㡣
û˵ͷĬر˴ߡ
Щ˲֪곤͸һصռ䡣׵ļ飬ȴûзռĴڡ
𡤽ɭѡ߸˿ְҵȻǸϸϲ׼ˡԺ֮ǰǸռװණ
ΪƷʳҩп԰æСͷɴͨѶߵȵȡ
Ѿ֪ܹܵѺֻҪҵ㿪Щһߣͻл뿪


127 
Ůǳ, ÿһγֶȳ񻹾춯ءֻʶҲνԡ
Ӧʲô¥һװŮͷŹһȼţССӰŸơ
ʱռ, ȻҰ˻Ϊײ˹
ոܿήľ, õ»ΪȻĿ֦Ѿ, һʱ, ȴ˴ʱĴ
Ů񿲱˫ĿǴ׵ģͫǰɫľ壬ʱ˫۾ǳǳĹΣʲô͸ų¥
¥ƺʲô, û˵, š
ҿβƵѿһ, Ķƴ⼷ڴ, ڴˣҲڴ, ǵʹ
㲻Ӧú̸ʹҵʹǸҴߴϣǡС¥
Ĵڽȥ, ԭĹˡų¥, ֤һʱĽ
ʱ, ʹǸԸԸĹ𣿡¥Ц, ѷⲻŮ񣬻ЩĶ, ؼ, Ӧ֪, ûκζס, ˡ
ˣ˾ĹˡȻģϣھлɷŭŭͨ硣
ϵһ˾Ѿƫ򣬲Ļġ
¥Ѿ뿪ƬŵĽһظɱĿյˡ
ŭһ˲佫ɸߴĴſֲϢͣפ޴֣Ѿס
ΪվҲΪս
ôŮͻȻ¶ǳǳЦϲʱսʤˡ
ŭĳ¥סı̳ãȻӡ
ӷѿˡ
ԭ¥ЩףһĴԣλƬ˭ԼλƬںˣ
ǱְϵģǵƬ磬ͺһ˵ͺôļõ
λþͺһС͵ķȻߣѹȣȱ㡣Щ뿪ǵķȥԶĵط
ŮϴŴհЦ⣬¥ڵĶӣǰ;һЩù
ΪظϣЩĿ֦Ҷع飬ࡣ
ÿһľףԼԶӡҶʱչ˫ֻӭǹԶҲϣҸ֡ƽ
Ůľ۾ɫɢȥǲѹ㡣
û¶˵һ仰ֻԼһ߽οĿռͨ
¥ҲûΪ˸õشԼʹŮһлӰ罻
Ůĵ뿪ֻ֪бĳ¥ֱӽԨڤ͵ߡ
ڤûӦͿһ
ֱ֣ǵڤ
ǵڤǱ𣿡ڤع
ҪȥȡոְҪͬѰȴͬѾʰļȥɷɡ
Ǹڤ
߰߰ɣȥȱơͬ´ڤˡ
ɫʻߣƵĿݳۣйһ߲޺硣
ħﶼ̧ͷ˭ĳ
ڴҶûлָʱ˷ҳзʽ֪ĸ˵ֺˡ
ҵ˵ӼǶʯĳһֱƲ㣬Ǻε
Ȼʱ֪˭ɹˣеһеڶ
һλƬڽڻǺӶ
λƬֲֵǮǹɫĹ⡣¥΢Щ˵ţ֮ǰûгɹ˵ԲϣԼһԡ
ھñĲЩλƬġ
ԵٶȷϵĽ·һʻԱȻɴ۾
ƺһͯǵӺ͹ССͿһߣһˮͯ硣
ȻϸʱȴʲôûС
档ĳ໥òĻ
ĿУ׼ʱʼصοӿңС
ְʲôʱҰҲٰܾʢأҰǵĴţһİԱЩĽ˵ҰҲˣҪٰᣬҰǻ
ɿɱҰûôеĵطЩչݣ룬ǶЩ곤õ˼룬ˣлġ
ֻҪĻڴǱѶࡣ
Ŷ𡣡ǺܿҰǵչݣŵһ۵ȴǶƯָҰɫĽһȦṩ˵λ㻷Ǻӡ
ˮֱӴҰ˹Ŷǻṩޡ㡢ݡȾơڿڲõҰǣҲܵԭ֭ԭζĿ֡ЦݺͰĵδһȺο߹
㻷Ǻӵģٸѹѹһ˱㻹ࡣ
ƱΪ˵㣿һοͲ⣬ڻˣﲻܵ
ҰǵѵζʮЩΪ˵Ʊġ
ݵؿű׷ĿС㣬ǱȥԼݿĶѾųУ˲֪ŶӾ͵Сʱ
ȻǷֿжɣ㿴ɿɿʱ䡣
չûϵ𣿡
ûϵչе곤ţҪչݣռϽжԱȡɿ˵
ҲûиʲôرγԲιۺʶΪ
õ϶𸴵ĴɢҰ˿ֵǸճС
һûء
Ҳûɿɿɽ˺ĳ˵
һΣ˵ɿɣҰǴ󲿷˶ûᡣ
һҪʽ·ѡƱס޷ѣͨ˼˵ǸѣοҰۼĵط
ҪϷݣ޳˺ܶˡ
ʱ˿̣¥ҲŽй䡣Ѿ֪Բ̫ȥֻ濴ЩʽӪҵչǣƷһÿչһ¥ɫСԡ
ô˵ִҲ̫ʺϳԼ¼䡣
ѾƹݶŰ𣿡ڻǵǳǰ޵ӡ
Ӱ࣬Ǻܺ𣿱ôˣ⴮ըúóԡ
ţҳ
ɫ±ըǡô룬˽࣬ʺĵطŨϣ׾ýضͯ
ǸչʾԼɫĵطȻ껭еƫеױݡɫƷҪɫʳСϲõеһڣﶼҵԼá
Գ¥Ϳɿ̫޵ĳԻ˵Ǵáԡ
곤Ҫչ
ɿɣ㲻Ҫռ
ҰǵĳͱеҪôһʳչĽֽǱ鶼ƽͬɵС棺Բ𣬲ûȰסŶˡ
ƹݡ
ðŰҪ
ɿɵͷҲԼɣ˽չݲͬɫ
¥һﲻСԣͦ롯ġ
곤ըģ
¥򿪵ͼָ·жֽϿɹѡ̱أ
ɿɵͷԼ˼顢ɺͺɫ̱ܣԶȥսǴ
鱨˲
¥ɿظԼͽڼˡԡbuffҪƷ˼̻𣬽ӭײϻû뿪ĸǵˡ
ҧըѼǩĬĬ͸ġˡ
˶棬˵ıȴǷƽƶ߲ιۣÿһëӿ
űӿζŨҵըʳζ⣬ɫ⣬ֱй
ĸǻǸԴḻĵطʳĿ㼸Ҫˡ
¥ͷը
ιʰȫ첩ֲ֪չǼκͶλˡңһ·ĺˡ


128 
ʰȫźҪʧһӵ, ס޺ͬ͡˵ŲҪҪܾʳޡ
һԳ¥űۿǰæһλṩˣ, ʰȫŵЧδһ㡣
Ȼ, ҲǶ̫֡
Ļˮƽ͵λǻȺŵģܳΪƻĸ, ȼһܸ, Ϻʵ, ׾
˶ΣյԤ֪Ǻǿġ
Ҳ⼸ɿɿ죬ӡָһ, ҲûˣֹּܽΣ
ûɫ, һǷᡣ
չ󣬸ٳ˼, 쳣˳ƺҲһϰΣյζһʱгϵĽְúܺá
Ұ, ʱĹϮѾǵı˱ܣټǿϰʱŵĴܰǿתƣҰ֪δдսҲʮֽš
ʵ¥ͨǼתһʣʱŽʱų, ûж֪
Ǹ˾ְ, ҰǾǾܵһת, ǿ, ֱĳһ, Ұʱ, ܾο͵
ҺȻо꽫
ʲô°
֪
ӿ׼ʱŵľƹݣ΢ŵ߽ƹݵһ˲ͰֻҪŵյ׼ʱ𣬾ûʲôǹȥġ
ף곤ֵҲڣ
ƿڹ̨һ͵곤ʲͬˡǴ˵е곤ĸ磬żܿû˺˵ϵϢ̫䣬Ƥ˶¿ӡ
ԣӣȻԷû˵׾ܸоֱŵ
û¾ƣ곤˵кơ
ƣ
＾ĺƣ
ƿֱӹ˲Ͻˣ׷׼ӿŲܽҪһٰ˵һ
ƨ˭㣿곤ҳʵҾ͵һ
＾ԴḻԾҲֹ࣬ӺͼơҰӡ̵ĻǺơ
Ƶܾһӵݮᣬиٵˬ޻ÿ˶Լĸоǧǧζ
ҺƵĶߣҲͱơƸһ㣬Ҳܾ÷ţһֻܵꡣ
ζرϡ٣ʳɾ˺ơ
һкƣЩƹǾʲô˲ˡ㲻ǶϲƵˣҲţ´
ȾƣͱĵطҲ˼ˡƿΪӿʱ򣬶ûע⵽żˡ˵Ϊĳַ޷ע⵽
¹ϵǧڵ飬¥ô֪ܲһ
ǲûΪս׼Щ˼ǧѾȲչֽš

Ϊ˲෢֣ǻĶ
һƹݵǶǲƸŮҲǵһںλƬ
¥һֱΪһںλǳǵǿû뵽һɹǲƸŮ
Ҳֻ˵һλƬ﷢˴ԡָжλƬˡ
ȫ˲ƸŮԻƽִ
ܵ׷ѡԼϵλƬʼںϡ
֮ɹںһӿҽľͻλɽλ棬λ滹ŴֱӰԼĻ¯ȥӴ氲ҡ
սںϡĹλƬһǿͶӰսɹܻµű
ȻûκζҲûʲôչ
¥֪ΪʲôְȻйأйأ󲿷λƬܳΪĵط
ΣѾ֪˰취ҪľǲϳԣԼĵȴ
ǸꡣЦź͹̨ǰľƿ˵
ǰȵС˶ջ˺üҪǵֲ̫ܻӪҽջ񻹻ࡣ
˴򿪻ϻӣǰĲ԰һ·˵ÿÿġ¥ҲĶﱣǡ
ϲ¥ѡߣȽϰ¥ѡ񹷣èܻӭֶﱣ󲿷˶Կɰë׶ûеֿ
Ұǹٷÿһμ飬ǵĴŰǵι̫ˣԼС
ΪԼҡ¥е£úӱСƭϸĸǿǹں¥¥쳣֡
ǰǻҰڰݵĻʧѪԺҰԣ룬²ʢĳ̶ȣֵļֱ̫ˡ
ܿ죬շݵĺƾȫ꣬ҶźϣܶһССһ졣
ǵͺһ𣿡¥ǵĻԡ
ף곤ȵĺǺưǰľƿᵽһζֻƵò̫õľƴζ곤ʾơ
רΪƵعŶ¥Цеƣģ·еҺ
ѵˣ־ƵȻɬζȴܲƿһʱԼжϣûע⵽΢ЩȻı顣
ʯƣʧˡ
ȻԨʯаɣ
ڿԨĽزĿԣЦкȾƵĳ¥Ȼɫ΢䡣
ֱ仯һֻһֱעĽڿˡ
û˵Ļʶ⣬ֻǿǰһվ̨ͬʱ¥һת¥ߡ
񽻽ӡ
Ƚˡ
ġ
ǡ
׷ɶ񣡡
ߵһľ

ûϵΪʧȥצķѾȻ˾޴ҡҸѺķ²Ļᡣ
û֪Ǹôģ֪ʱѾˡ
еļֻظǰĻ档ҪȥǴ󲿷ֶѾץΪ׵ǸȴƷɴˡ
ȻѾأƻļһӲȥҲ֪Լˡ£Ҫһ˸ġ
˵ܽƻϸһͲᷢ¡߲㽫ӽ˺Ƭؼʱסߵӡ
ŰɱͬɱȷˣһǵһˣҲܲˣαԼ֡
˿̽Ĵãȴ侲۾Žߵǳмһָؼҵķ
ķɴֻһˣĵܵܲ
ȻԤһ˳ʵƾԼЩҪԼ͵ܵܶߣǲܵ顣
һʼܾܵͷֿ·
ĵܵװ߲գʣ˴ߣܵܵķ뿪Щ˵ע⡣
ŵ곤곤Ὣ¸֪ڡһӢܴ棬Ǳĵܵܣٱ֤ȫжɡ
֪ΪԼĹϵܵһֱӡֹ۵ˣһѶûС
׷ѾˣǵķɴȽĸȽݣһѾ׷ɫεķɴķɴΧ¶ڶۡ
ͣ³̵ķɴٴοһƺߵ棬һ־
Ҳá룬¶ЦְΨһťϡȴʲôһöԱװá
׷ɴѾķɴΧסСȻɴһո˴ıС
ͷҪġսս˵
ָӹü֪ʲôôʱȻҪġҲܷ˾ľ
ƻҷɴĿѭϵͳͶżԶָӹ´
һҷɴмɵƻ˽ڷɴĿѭװá
ž𣬽Ѿ֪ôһ£̻˺֣һϸõķ
ƺһĽоԼĲӱסܡŬƴʲôסܡ
Ҳܵǰģ
ȥ롭
Ҫȡ
һֻԼӣҪȻ֪ͽ͡һѹԼıܣŬȥ뼴
֪곤ôͨǸǡ֪ΣȻģֻǲ²ΪĳִԻ
ǴԸоΣգǡ
һҪסҲ־ҵĴԻ
ϧǵ곤
ϣΪǰע⵽
ʱˣǸѾΪѻʡ
ָӹٻǶȴһӣȻɴһѾõĹֱܵӽķɴĲš
˿Ų̨ĽѾ棬ҲƬ档
֪ܵǷѾȫ֪ĸһţǷһֱע
Ʋŵİťһһĺɫ⡣
ˡΪ޷ûƾ־ѹסıܡֻڰϣ΢΢Ҳûƿһ˲
ҲҪ߼ˣŲ


129 
ɴﴫŴ򿪵, ָҪԱ
ǧһ֮ʣȻһ˺˼žĿռ䣬Ź˴߳ûп˭, ȴֱغһ֣곤
ź, ˮںγʵ¥۾ж˿̵״̬, ֱӽ˿
ʶѾ׷ٵ, 
ꡢ곤, ҵܵܡҵܵܵĶλǡѵ˵ţһֻԼ, Ҫʹ־
ѵܵܽȲѵѡ񣬵ڵ곤, ۿŵܵƽؼҡ
֪꣬
ʱʿѾǹС߽˳¥¥΢΢һЦ, ֽ𳶽ռѷ죬һְԱ
Ǹʿ۾ɵ˼Ĵ, ֮бѣг˾޴ıըֱܷɴҡڲͣ
ָӹٷŭشָ̨űըķɴɽ䡣
û뵽Ǹ»ֻػŭ֮, ָӹپҲСС
, ȥ, һ鷳
ѡ
оʲô, ֶĸо֮ȥ, ڴ, ۾΢΢âЩۡ
곤ȫӦĹ⣬Ҳˡ
곤֮ǰģδʣȥǸողһ˴ڳϿߵʱζܽͨ
ʲôװöûУôߵģͷһɸߣûκαʩĴһ˲հס
ݡȻһͿշеľǲһϳѲؾһΣձʱ
ҪˣһʱѪҺӿָ
õġ¥հοһֲ㡣ˣ˵ܵţ
ܵܣ
ý𳹵״ƵĻоѣһɻһָ侲ǣ곤뿪ɴڣŹ˶ã
Žĳ¥ٸȤǽ˷£Ȼ׼ȷʱ
ʱܵʱڴߵλãܿѡ񣺡˵λãʱڱ˷֣ͻ·
Ѿһʵͼøɫ߻Ųͬ·ߣӦڱѺڼԼġ
ȻܸеĶûʮ˰ա
ȻҺϣûκ鷳Ϳԣ·ߵļʸ󡣡̧ͷҪͳ¥˵ص㣬ȴ¥ɰ׵ļϳֵĺɫ··ŤŹֲϱãһֲĸо
¥ҲԼϵĶҪʧЧѣ߰ɡȴСĿڼѹҪ뿪

֪߼ķ͸Ĥҳ¥ıʵ̫ˣϽﻹС곤ܡ˾ûж໳ɡ
˺ܿͨݵʱͨһصĵط
滹磬ȴǻ谵ֳʪģҰǡ
СдУʱʱʲô˭Ҳûͣ
ƶߣҲǷѾĻص֮һ¥ͽ˿赲ߵĴ·ҲĴ硣
Ҳƶߣǳ¥˵Ѫͨ˾ûйҲܸ߸ô䵽ƶ
ȴЦһ˵ĵطƶߡǹŵܵܵİΣЦҲЦò죬ŲҼ١
ڣǿҪĿĵأĽŲҲԽԽ죬Ҫȥ
һ¡¥ȻͣסŲۿǰȷ㽻еЩ˿ţ
ʲôʶ¥˼ı΢䣬ӳڴǰڸɫҴң֮ǰĽֵƺ޲ͬΪרҵʿһ¿˲׵ĵط
зеѲ߻̽͸Ͽɨ沿ṹҷ˾
ɫ䣬Ҫתˣĳ¥ȴһ
װɣսپ
𶨾һϾǸť
ףȻרҵսʿĳ̶ȣɨƽڵµƶȴ¡
ΪѾļ򶼽ֹӵԿŻ׵Ľ޵Уܿʹܾݵ㣬ץסƺѾ߷һࡣ
ҵܵ
Ǹץסͱ£𣬽ҲǹģץסҵźӣҲġ
Ҳ֪Щ
ոաոձߣ֮ǰ
ݺݽ˶ڵϣҪҲŹͲΪ飬ܵüʱãɺޣɱ
̫죬װ߲ܵܵջͻȥ·Ͼͱˡ¥״ֱ̬ӽ˶Ұǣȥҿɿɣ˵ҵ˼
סŵ߲ܵܵʱͨҪرյʱ󺰡
ˡ¥һ֣ʱֱͨӹرգĴڽѹУĺɫ·צ
ֱͿһǹгΪɸߵľˣϰӰʵ޴ڸա
еϵ˶ˡ
ôչˣδúû񡣡
εһűǳӰϮӰȴ˫һžȼյСǣɫĹſҲ˫֡
ҲǴ͸ӰһѽӰ飬ӰҲһѽ̫ͶЦз𶯣ʧɫ
ϵ˲֪ʲô£ͻȻµӰӰͶһŻֱ֮ȫ飬Ʋг־޴Ķ͸Ǹ뿪ǸǿƶŻɫĳβ档
ʲô𣿡
ǳ塣
ΪǣĽײסĵطһֱرΧа˿ŷǣ˹õı㡣
˵ǣСײҲ֮ǰƬٱ̫ճɨɾ
ȻȼŻСĳֵ̫ͻȻˡ
˿ŷǽյ忿ϢʱѾһŰǲ˿ųسǴ㡣
죡أǲ֪ⶫôֵģôôµļٶȣǺⶫǣЩȫҪꡣ
ĸСǼʱȻҲ֪ʲôʹɣôർоȻֻƫƫִ֮óǳ̡
һΣ֪ͨǣǻжʱ䣿
ӡ
ʱǵ˻һ֪ǵĸУرǾ޷ƵģϴηѾʱҲûӰ졣
ͻȻӵ֪ͨ˵һž޴Ѿʱϵȫµġ
£ǵİϵͳɲ£õĵ䡣
һַ䣬һǿѾСڱˣƬɽֿٱർС
ˣˣҲ󣬴֮ƬǺܴ󣬱˶ֻм˸оԡ
˵ﲻԣһԤС
飬ĵЩƬͬʱһ̫Ѿٹ
ϵľǸһ˶ǽͷö˴ҲҴ⡣
壡һѣССƬͻȻΪĽɫҹâǵڸƬϣЩƬҲȼɹâҵС̫
Ӧ£ܿеƬС̫
ɫĹٶ棬⵽ĵطӲĲϿʼϻĲҲӲѡ
ȻӰȴǹµֲͶڡ˥ϣ˥ϣӳʱ
ݳ޺ƽϲ߳
⹫ƽÿһϡӵԴͽǮӳֵ⻬ƤѸٲϣߵƣǵļҲҡڡ
ʲô
Ƽܱ֤ÿһϲഺϣǴӲ֪˥ʲôζ
ȿȡһˣҲˣǿľԼ
žҲѸٱѡ



130 
ƹƹ, Ϊ곤ʱ뿪塣֪ĸʱ㣬곤ֵҲˣվڹ̨ԽԽе곤ƵİŰ
ǸԨļһﶼˡע⵽˵뿪, صġ
, ùܣɱľǺúȡ
¥˳ԼıܣĸһСҵ
ɫ԰ףϢޡǳĹⱻǣŻ, һ޸ˡ¥Ǳ˿ССĲϡ
ȥˣ¥޷ش, 仰ǽʡ
սڼ, ¥ֹؼʱ̵Ӻì, ֻҲֻ
ʲô£ûѵ, ˰˰ҲҪ
ʱ, Ҫ, Ѿˡ
֪, Իѡȼ, Ծסϵ, ǻȼߵϲˣϲ˵ļˣҲϲˡ
˿ڱ, ϲҲ˿ڵǧ֮ҡżһ˱, һҪ, һƬ, ʣ»޷ͳƵıӰϻˡ⻹Ǵ
ǷѾôãûôϲأͷûС
ļ޺죬תϻ˸ǲס칫ţûٸ𰸣˵ôƣԼ˭
Ѿֶ֪֮ԻǼʵĺںʱ⳱Ǻںɫǰ̫Ѿ͵ߣ䲻ֱڡ
ȻµϢˣ˵Ǹһϳ˾޴ӰѾ֪ǻ廹ٴֻĹǺ
С̫ǶԷһֱͶǵġ
ʱǿϷ˷ѾСһܼ˴򿪣෸ˣлһļһ
˾ͻɺйء
˵˵ͶǦһͶ壬˵ࣿҴҲҲңҪֵ֤ûеĽŪң
Ǹ˵ֿԵԼ췽ҹ̷ֻǵʱͻȻʣҲ˵ˡȻϸ룬ǸȷʵܽƻٽƻҲֻϵĽͳֵӰȫһ¡
ʱҰǡ
ԡǵ곤İߣӸ𰲱ɭ죬ͻȻ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
곤͵곤ֵʧ죬ΪһǾʧ٣Ҳûкܵġû뵽ɿɻͻȻ֪ͨϿᣬ˵ϵ곤ϣǾԲߡ
йˣû뵽ҰǵĹһˡ
𡤽ɭġ˼顯ʧмˡ˵ȫϢȥȥˡ
û뵽
곤Ͱⶼܷչߣôģ
Ŀǰһ޷͵곤ȡϵԣͽĿǰõϢʲô˵
ģ
ԼҩƶѾ֤ݶóˣǵ곤ߣҲԲͽؼԼˣԿɿҲԼжϡ
ڹϢܶࡣ
ҲļһӲȥˣý˸صϢҪʱ㶼֪
û⣬Ǽ߲ĽʱǾͻϵĽ˵˿ϵʱռѷĵطǲ֪ǻ
⻹Ҫע⣬ȻѾõԭʼʬ磬Ҳܱ֤ǲᶯĽʬ
Ұһſڣ̫ѾҰܾġ룬Ҫ֪ͨˡ
Ƕ̫˴򽻵ȷʵҰǵ顣ڶݳĬ󣬴󲿷˻ͬϵˡ
ɿɺͽһȥҽԺĵܵܣҩлˣͻָİɡ
šͷ˼ȴȻʣڻϵ곤𣿡
ɿҡҡͷο𣺡ģ곤µġ
ֹ
ɿɱ߱˵̫侲ʵǲģֻ֪곤̫䵣ĺǣ飬Ҳ԰ĵκξ
Ұ̫Сˣ곤̫ίˡ
֮곤һֱûлȫ綼ΪϢԱڡһжǰġͬʱһӿȫѵĽŲ
Ȼս޷⣬Ҳһ۵ؾϣԻҪǼ׼
Ӧǡţʱ롣
߿ԣߣһһǳʱзǳûë
ʱʧٺܶĵ곤ȴˣ˵Լȥһ˻Ǽʣһ֪ûܺõϢϮ˼ʮϲˣӰϲˣųƼǧϮ¼
ǷѾݺʱ򲻾˺ü𣿡֣ڲŶ˰ͳƵϡʷ
֮ǰĲϲˣһȫϲˡ¥͵
ϲ˺ͨˣϿһģֳģȻҲƴҲҪ׵ȥ
ڹͷˡεƶȣҪûϢؿƣַӾҷֽˡ
ʳ¥ȥǼʲô
ְ¥°Цˡ
ΪͻȻϮͷöѰ֣ǲȥںȻںЩҲǺǵģǲ׼ӡ
ǲȥںľֱӱϾˣڻǼ֮ⲻý
Ǻǣ˵ǿֲϮһ˵ܻˡѲ飬ôôҪأΪԼǼʷͥ澯죿
ĴڻǼ֮ⱻžž
Щŭϲ˻ָһǡҲڱư̫ã粻תģǵϢܿͨˣûơˡ
һЩڸ֪ԼУӦ£壬壡
˻ǼЩˡѵԼҵġ񡯣һθܵвѷŭйҪϨķѾϡ
ǿʼץѾʵϸķɣɱܷŹ
֮ǰŵŹĻعϴķѾҲǱ۾ţֻҪһ㲻ԣԡĪСץҡ
ͺܷһЩ˱˽ˣ౾ûзӲƷ
һʱңֱȷѾʢʱڻҪҡ
ѾϢҩҸȼôȥҵģܶ˱ֻǿ˵˳ôѹ£Ǽпܶλع鷴Ѿ鷳
Ǿȿסǵļ˻ʲһʧ̫ˣ˷йŭֻ鷳ֲǷѾɻϢصĿơѡԼܻѡñܣ⻹ÿǣ
ʱִֻĶս˻ѯһ⣺ӰǶļƻ𣿡
İɣһ׼ǼѣҪپ
˲ȫģڷѾʼͶıԽԽࡣǻԸºأ
ȻϾȼռݵϵмʮ֮࣬Լϵûȥֵ棬ֻһָҲѹġ
ϣֻҶˡ
˵ѾӳȥĽֱҧгݣǵһһ͵ܴ죬ǽӶ
һټٸκλᣬġ
нǸܵܣǸң˻ǸҰǺͳ֮
¥ָܵĶˡ뿪֮ܵĶͺͳˮһôһ㲻ࡣ
˵һһģһԨ壬ôûĸһӣû뿴ˡ
¥һƣ㣬㿴ɻʲô𣿡
ɲ񿴵ҲˣɻôһģһлҲȷɲһһϵģһ۾ܿںһ/
ĸע¥ĻߣƱԵõһЦûʲôֻǰҵ


131 
Ϊһɹ, ĸǳȻ޴ĸ磨ǰ򣩺ͱĵܵܶĶ֡
ĸ󶨵Сλ֮Գɹ, Ҳ콵·ߣǡ
ԡ
˵Сλ֮ԷΪȱԴǲ͸ӿҲһ
ŷḻĵĸһ¾ҵڡȻԴȱ, Ǻð죬Ͳȱʲôʲô
ϵԴ, ҵĸҲѱ߲ݣѡû˻ֵϵǿƯЩСǣпرġ
Ȼ, ĸСߵĿɲǿ·, ·ߣҪˮܻΪصĿΪĴ㡣ѰҵԴҲЩء
ȫĳ¥Ȼ𾴣Ӳһλ氡
ô߹ĳ¥Ȼ֪鲻ǵĸ˵ô, ҪԴôңҲ޶
ʵʵһſźˮġ
ʵҲôҪ˳ҲǼʮ顣¥̲ס˵
ĸ뿪ĸ̫, ͽһų, ȴӲλԴ, ̫ƴˡһοǳְ֣ͺȨʱ
, ҵӡ
¡ĸų¥, ڵѾǵʱ, ֪Ĵ, ʲôη֮ģ̽ǳϵܣץоǲܡʵڲ뿼ԣþۺɢ
¥ʱĬˣˣҲܱ֤ҰܹݵֳϵջĶ
Ǳȳ˯˼ǧ꣬ҶͦÿҲع绽ˣ򵥵ͺܺá
Сڡں׷ţҲƽ͵ȥԴû͵ϵһͷԣ˾ҵӣӹò첻
ڳ¥æˡ
ʵҲø޽ŲһʵǱ߲ټˣۿžҪﲻҲ׼һ
ҰǵҰ˵Ұǣʱʦ˾͸÷֡鷳󣬾ġ㡯
⻰˵ȥûšŵĽǵ˵¥ͦæģæǳ⣬¶Ƿʱϸˣڳ¥ͻǺӵ㼫ء
ԾǽڣҲûҪ˵һ䡮ˡ
¥˽ڵĻƤһûò˼ȻҪǵģôʵǺܺ
²˾ȨģܲȨǴɣ
ûжǲ̫࣬ˣ¥תƻ⣬ô¡
Դ֮ҰǾͽ˺ܶ˵ҰҰǻǺӵزСҲ˺ܶ͵³衣óѵ޷ֳⲻ
ǵϲ𣿵ȵһβȺһչʾ˭˵͵͵ȥгĻ
ôĪģҰǵĻ׷ûȥǵڿСʳֳο͵ĵ㡣
ڻǺӱÿ춼һȺĵţÿ㻹Ͻʱŵ·ѣִ˲ƣ
¥ɣǺӵǱǵˡ
˵ҲɣںӱۡǺΪʲô㡯⣬ǵһҵСŸߵ͵ײײܹ޵ĸס
ԭƽĺӱߺȻ˶ǻûӦͿŰˣһöڵƵĶһҡβͳŵͶ
Ǻӵĸ׺һȴһʮ׳ԲĴɵϣҡҡڰڵСĽǰʹڡ
С۾ˣСָ㣺㣬㣬ҵġ
ǰһסҪڻغ㣬Ц۾ˣû־͵㣬ؼҸԡ
ãҲˡ
¥
˺ԲԼǿ
ܴ죬¥ҷʡԼӦøҵһ㣬Ҫʱ䶼ĥûϡ
ȥӰɡ컹û䣬ɽϻǿĢŤŤزĳδ֪Ľ䡣ҴʱҲҰļڣһһ߳һ߲Ģȵ壿
Ұǵɽɱһ㱡ţɽɽ±֮䣬ϡӰ˿һĸ˿ҡҡλΣǵﻹһƽ
ȻѾԵͿշеķɳƺǺֻգȻļ顣߿߸˿ĿһƳ˲ˡ
ɽ˼ЩսҵսߡΪҰ涨ҽƲķͲķ豸ܳɽڡ
صĻڻָҰǵƬɽȺǺܶоĻֱ⡣Ϊ˱ƬɽȺԭʼʹ⣬ǻ˲˼
¥ű¨ƹȺɽ˳һСϪɽߡ
˳ˮߣͲɽ·
˲аɽһܼ򵥵飬һ㱻ɽСоߣȻͷһԽԽԽԽԶֱʱ䵽Զ߷ɳȥʹ顣
ɽҰҰ˺ܶࡣڸսͷ˲ͬѹֱӽˣɽ˲ࡣ
ɽû·ߣЩҰҰصܣһæҲ͹±ֶ顣滹ԣҪԴΪȥҸ
ǰûѡҰˣȱˣȻѡһָȶ
¥ãźãµܹҰɣæһڵҲȶҶ档
ౡһֻëҰǰͷɹ¥û׷ķ˿ԭݴһѵΪ˱Ը¶Լô
Ұ
涨ˣҰܴ򣬵ҰǿԴߡ
ˣҪĿ겻ǣһ¥ȥһѵɫҰ
ǺкñŴһҰӭײһùʵ⨺ңᵽζɽץ͸ĹӺ۵Сۡ
һֻС﷢ХƺЩη˸ߴ֦Ѿϡ֦ѾһֻСҲŵĴųﻹһ⡣
ǻԡ¥ժһö⨺ң˺Ƥҧһڣ֭Щ˹ѡıҲ
ժһЩ͸ģժ˿ҪģϵĺץȥÿҶס뿪ʣ´붼ЩС顣
֮ǻɼ޻ӣҡ棬¥ı¨껹һơ
Цݻ˻¾õʱѾˡ
Ҳ뿪¥ϧҲһִġ
ǽ˵ģһ𣬲þۺɢסڵ֣ȻƫͣƤĸоңѾ⼸궼Ұǣˣʣµʱ߱ĺǣ𣿡
ֻ࣬ǶЩ죬սֻ֡
һ̶ǵɽ˳տȥ
һߡ
磬ԺǾ;סҰˣ󲡳СЩȴܺáһ㲻ָԼԼһֱűҪԼΨһΪ·ԼܣΡ
Խ˵ҪҰǵʱ˵ͬľ
ϲ𣿡ܵܡ˫ؼѾõ˵֤ͨҲӡ˼顯踺صġӢۡĵô꣬ƽζӡ
Ұǲƽ̻İ˽˶Ĵ㡣
ȻϲСԼ绹ûҰǰɣֻһСУÿÿص㣬ҲȤҾʮʮҶġ
ЦЦҪԴʱһľ졣
Сһʶ׼ˡ
ʲô˵
Ҳ̧ͷ˳ԴȥֻҰǵѿһ죬ɫ˸ĵâǺķ϶צ
ʱѷ죿


132 
ѷԽԽ, ˷ӦǵϮ
ء쳹ҰǵϿգԭ͵˶ѹ, æʱš
죡ӺͺʼϣֱһĺɫҺڼʱڱȽս£սϵľ巢Ļɫ⡣
ӡˡе, , רΪͻΣİ칫ϵϵЩˣȥ±, ̵ķ, 㹻õʡ
ʲôǹ𣿡ҪͷĶ, ǼĿռѷ졣
ʱҰ˻ΪһιϮǡȻƸƴ, ҰйԵо, Ҳҡ
û뵽Աȴժͷ, ɫЩ׵˵̽⵽˺ܶ࡭
ָȻ
ͻȻµļž, , ǵ곤
һֲ, ˶ΪҲںֵ֮ʱ
Ȼе, ִżƻ
¥ͨѶ¨ݸ, 첻ܸܰɽĿˡ
ȥɡڽӹı¨
¥ͷҲصˣű¨ͷѷѾչɾ޴ױռ, ͷľ֡
Ȼȴóһű޻, Ŵ
һھӴܵĶ, Եø侲
һȥ𣿡͸ɽ̸
ȴЦˡ৴ɽ, ܵӰȻվһ˸ߵӰ, ɢԨɷȴһƤ
Ҫ෢ǲࡣ
⻰ŶŤЩԨȴֻ΢΢ͷӰһʧӰ䡣
ڶҿµԨʧɽ̲һ˾񣬹ûĸȻϵϲԨһ
ͷǵѷ죺㲻˧𣿡ػͽˣæغҰһשһߡ
ɽ̣̫Ǹ߽
ΪżƻִߵĿɿѾһװվڵָңҰǾ̶̣
æµָͻȻһ⣬չһȦ¥̧ſ롣
Σ
ʱѷ컹ţӴûﵽֵ
¥üѾҰ֮һյǸѷ죺Ҳ˵ڻֻǸտʼ
ҰǶʱоĵط֮ǰιϮǾ׼ȷ̽⵽ѷֵķλʹСԳ¥Ҳһβݡ
һϢҲһϢɿ˵
Ϣг׼ʱ䣬Ϣǵڣˡ
˵ǿд򿪵ʱͨܲȶ𣿿ɲǿųƻȶԣرգһɭʡ
ǿųȷƻֿռͨȶԣԤ֪һԱ˵
ƻռѷȶ֮˭Ҳ֪ᳯĸ仯ʵͨΧһɣľӣҲҰǡǶĲ𡣡
Ա̧ͷŰɵĻʱѷ죺Ҫرʱѷ죬ֱЧİ취ǴȥǱѷĻֱӺ顣
ָҵĴҶû˵Ҫô׾ͨѷԷ̺ǺÿζӦЩ
Ӯʧصǡɭҧ̫ˣŻ׾ٳΪսÿζҪʹۣԷһƤë
ζԷôæǼʷļ⿪ʱҪǼʷ֪ͥΪʲô𣿡¥ʡ
ֻûзϢ
ɿ˵ʵĳ̶ֳϿҲһ¡⧲ҲǼҴ¡׼ֵĵˣá
¥ͷΪʲôˣͱߡ
ԼĪ߷ӣҰǴ󲿷˶ѾɽȺµĵѵ
Ȼеĺܶ˶ԼҲΪԼĳоһҲָӷƻǵļƻԴֻڵ£Ļĵȴ
ڣ֪ŬһΪ߽ˡһ
жֻȺ壺ˡԱ߽ҡ߽ҸǿֻûŶս飬ΪڡǸҲùֻ￴š
δ֪־塣ΪҰǲûϮϢͬʱѵҰ˿ͨЩȫͼ˽
벻ĸֵطװʵķܣҰ΢ɣٷԴ׼
ʵʱҰ֮Ҿ뵽ܿôһһݵҰǹҲȺУϢȱ˸һ㡣
οͽ
óסͻ֮ɣʵ㲻ϴο͡ʱҰǵİֻǰʮ֮һ
ЩοҲڵѵȻѵصҰ˻ҵö࣬ҰǵĹԱǴһ㲻һʱŵʱǾ侲
ͨʱſȥķ׶ĸ˻ǹҵĴʹȡϵʱοͳ빤ϱشͨרΪսƵģᱻųӰʱţǿ԰ȫؼҡ
ķǹˮֵ֣ԲĸҵĹﶼܵõչˡ˵˻֪ͨǹҴʹݵˣҰǾȻ㶼ǵˡ
ЩҵοǺȻеһѯʣոǹ𣿡
룬ǸࣺľȺ
ο͵ɫɲǼֱò԰ףǸϢѾȷ𣿡
ϵͷǵĹҴ˿ҲѾõϢΣϣƽعƽȹһС
û뵽ǣȻֻвһ˾ȥķʣµ˶Ұǡ
Ҳȷ˿ķܷϻصԼĹңԼļ磬ϾʱŲҰһ˾ռߡѡµοͿЦһҰǸӰȫ
뿪ЩοͲͬЩοʹ󲿷ֶûرǣңûбҪȥɣдҡ
ЩҪμҰǵĻػֻܿսԼĻĶܲˡ
ϻǾܾˣ˵ǣǵΡ
ⲻҰǵ˽£¡
̾˿ժñΪҰǵĹһ¡
˵
ˣ벻Ҫžܾ󷽰ȣǰսʿؽսǶǺҪ
ϴҴ뿪οʱסˡҰǷĽհȺڵϣһ濴Ļϻʱѷ죬һĬš
ټĿռһ˿˵
οֻ鸴ӣҰڵĸĸ
ͨͷǵһôϸؿԼĳСԭĳ˵ŬѾһģݶдеֲÿ˾չ˵ԣٵÿ춼һ·ĻǺӡ
һһľǵĸѪ
ȻڶǺúõģ˭֪һսõĽҲֻǵáƽվͺ׹Ѿͷʣܿʹ
ҶԼ̫࣬ɫɢ
ӴʲôѽһϤ֮䣬˿ȥ޺۾ˡ
¥ҲһװһֻϴǳǳЦɢ˲ٿ־˸С
ʵǰĹϮһֻһιģһ㡣˵
곤˷·ѣһվҪ߹ȥ
곤㲻õǡǵһ׳¥ΪʲôΪ˰οǣЩжЩΣʱô
곤㲻ҪġҲְıƽȥŬܻ˰ɣһԵġ
ȺﻹкܶϤˣоƹݵĿˣгżĵͣɭִ̨ĳ͡
Ǳ߹ʱȴͣ½ŲỹûɾȴЦźʾ⡣
԰곤ȥָӰɣǿĺϢҪģǿǾ֪սҰˡ
Ƕ˵ÿ˵϶żţ·ոյ屯˶ǲڵġ
໰ͻȻͶɤۣ¥һЦãҺϢ


133 
ȵʱѷչҰǵϿ, ˶ǱȺһǼʾ
мҸ޴󣬼Ҳһ, ̽ͷ, ռյʱͨгӰҰǡ
ص׹ۿҰɫңһͷ, ȻӴ, ôԶܸܵǹɿµ
ֻǻûǴл̽ͷ̽·ӭ˵һ䡣
ҰǸĵŵ̻, β̳ǵĿꡣ
ЩȻԴ, ҲصҰĵҲ֪ô£ȻǸĵǰЩصȻҲʱת䷽, ȻǻûиЩı仯ٶȡ
޹ε
һ֪һҰ˵ֵһֻڵͿշ, רűܿ߿ռϵͳйûйԣȷ㣬мô˭Ҳ֪
˵ĻҰ¶ϲ
ֻ⾪ϲά롪ȷʵܿϵͳЩ, Ȼ󲿷ֻǲһƤ, ֻмһ˺, ˺ҲֹͣǵĽŲ
ƺƴ䣬һįĻ
Ǵδѵʶ, ߽ǵĿƼࡣ
ݡ
˵ʱʱ, һöŽɫβССĵͷ֪﷢, ڰнɾöСĵͷ
Ц֮ǰ뷢ֻǲǵͿװ, СһĶܶ˺ָӹپ̫, ˷˼öص
Ľصûжȥ, ǵЩСɰǾϲһҡ
˭Ҳû뵽, ɫͷЩıȴһըͿ¶ڵںˣеĶʼѡ顢ߡ
ڶôֶ
һ䣬еľ¶ƶ¶ĹǼܣ֮ǼҲܲסڶԭֻСĺڶչ֮Ȼγֱ޴Ŀ´ڡ
ȵΪ׹䣬ڶǺľ㽥ʧ
Ҿ׹ˣûһ㹥ֻ¶˸棬ͱ١ָӹõԤУûⲻѧԤУ֮ǰɫͷ
ǿǵĿϵʱţ³ǵҲָĻϵʱš
ǺҰǵľ޴ʱţ֪ʱһ߲ʷƵĤĽɫͷβɳ
ϲ𣿡¥Ц˽ôܻͨӦ֧ڵĶ飿
ҰеĲöֻӦĿĵƣʱŲɱﵡ
ûоȺĿװƣ弶Ҳǲܴ
ǿ˵ϣҰǺ͸źһԺڶΪӵķ̨һֱϢΪһ̡
ǣҲ
̫Դ󣬼Ȼ֪Ұרռϵôû뵽Ը߽˳ϰߣܾˡ
أ֮ǰָӹⳡԭսپĲԵս
ֻصӰսĶľҼҵ̬ȡȻЩɫĵͷ֮ǰĵҪԷ
СһΪ֮͸Сˣÿŵͷڽв˶ء
޴ʱͨľȺǱѹƵӣһѣܼĽȺײһըһ仨
ЩŷǱشľǾըҰϸĺǻĽһªİ̺ۣû
µİͨ´սȭͷǿԼƵԣһһ㲼ġ
ҧһգգԼĵ̱ɨɷ棬۾ˣȴǿ־壬Ƿŭ
ŻҰɫʿﴫŤƣĳӣҪһҳ⡭
Ļе֩룬Ľ㣬ĸϸĻе֫ճ͸ֱӽʿǴȻ֩롣
ҰǵɫǳˣҰܼĽȺдУ֣Լĵո
֮ǰŵʿʱ׽룬һֱ͵ظɱ
ǵսʿµҰ˼վ
ָӹٸоԼһƣȫҰըŹκһ䡣
ʡһҵġ
Ϳ籩һ
ֻٰܼٲĽȺһ㵹£ͷ·𱻱ƵĻľҰǵضɽҡȹ̵ĵѵζ
ĻӰ˸µҰ˾ʧ룬Ƭ
ΪҪصҰǻŬڵļ϶Ѱ·ǿлѹʵ̫ˡ
ʽĹŹκһ䣬ۿһܷл׾ҪĴ¥ֱѹ⣬Ȼһܴɫһ˸ߵף˫չڷл׵Ϸ
лսʿ󺰣ÿ
СףҲĽѾˣαһ᣿
ǰȻ侲µķлսʿеۣҪƿ۵ףȻһȻ
¡Ĵ¥ǰлսʿʶۣӭĵ
Ȼ
ۣû뵽һĻˡ
ûбĸ¥ѹƬ˫翸ס˵¥һֻϸСϿһ
סˣһ仰˵
ߣﴫһЩ䵭Ů
лսʿγѣܿʻ͵Сͻ뿪С϶ߣ¥
ˣݺײ档
ͷ̳Ǹ׵Ӱӡ֪ΪʲôֱǸײ
ҰȫڽըĻɫŨУϵǵص׵Ұˣ֪巢ʲô¡
ǹСѰʿһϢص£紵ۡ
û෢ְɣ
ûС
ɳʯȺСԨϢƤ˲ʵ飬ռ佫Ļսʿ˳ִбְոЩӦóϵ
ʱŷɳɫĵͷеľҲɫԶԶȥͺһƬɫꡣ
о׹佨
Ȼ

ӲҪǮطҪƽСܿƬ񱩵ѹɽȺڵλãҲǵѵϲ㡣
Ұʹ޷ǵ곤ΪһΡ
ȥȻһŮ˵ͻأسںըϵҰǡ
˾ɣȴͶɽȺƺĳءȻ֮ǰ·ԸٶͶеľ
䣡䣡䣡еľһ׹䡣
ʲôָӹһָ̨ϣû뵽޷ĵֿ
ʲôôģ
ڶܷװãССо˶ٶ
ī֭һڣΪɽҰССУȻٳһ·ƽû뵽ûҰǾѾ۽
ȥ˵֮ǰµľ״ܴﵽҪ𱸣ڵλöᱻɣҪϾ·ͥ
̫ãΪĿĻΪԼ
ָӹپ޸ԼļƻͶŴ͵㣬ȴݻǸʱţٸҰĳг̤ƽ
ǣ
ɽȺС
̫ߵˣ
ߡĸһӣ紵ɢɽŨͷʯµĽڣһûôء
΢Ц˽ᣬǻһһʮͬ˵ġ
˵ʱ޾յĺɫºȻɫߡ
ڿз뿪ѳɷҰϡ䴦һȦ磬ɳ棬죬ȴ޴ĺӰڻɳн¶
ѵ˶ĻֿϤս۽ǳѪ
ĹâʧɳȻ¶һǣǲڵµҰָҵ˶ˡ
ѵҰ˸ŵˣڵء
⾹ϣÿһ޴ֻĹǰ


134 
¡˸Ļ¶εȻ, ɿ˵ʲôֲ֪ô˵
κһͻȻ֣ҰǶҪþ޴ۻȡʤ, ȴֱֻ鷳, ԱߵȺɲԹ۲Ϊ, һһ֡
е鷳ˡ
ȵ̲裿
ɿɻͷһ˷һ̲ĳ¥Σ곤
ģһҪǲòǲġⳡսս, ҰǵսȡҪһеȫ, ǿ, ҪһĴۡ
¥û̲裬Ű
߰ɵǵŹ꣬β˸Ĵ״βͲ׻κο壬ֵӰ츽ԵΪԴ豸¾ء
ǧ׳ĺڼֻ¶һ֫Ҳ˸εѡǻǵڵǱеļһڻٵһҡ
лĶҽδ, Ľ̵ÿʼڻ
Щ˵ȷʵöԸ, ڳ¥ʲôҰֻܿŵ, һһֻɱ
ֻǲô, Ƽ, Ǵ, óȻ֣ɵ͵ӡ
ңǼ֤ԼġһսԼ
𿴴˿ֻ̺ʵ˫۾
һȭðȭⳡսԼĹһ֣ǵѪͰˡ
侲ְڿɿɵļϣ㲻侲ô侲
ɿһǣ곤
߽ŶӸǵŹ꣬ϵĻսʿ;ȥػ񡣿͵µС׼óսһ˰ѵߡ
ߣɿе㾪ȣܿͷӦ
ҰǴӷʱѷѾˣûȷľԮж˵ɳ˾ԮӣʱûпӰڼĹҶһû
ǰҰ￴ڵҰѾչ˼ɵĳ̶ȡ
ϵʱźСǵĴѾҰǡСԴ١ƣʸˡ
սսʱʱǼʱҪ⿪սͬʱҲҪ͹֮佫ûڵĺг
뵽ˣɿҲЦˣ˵öԣȻ֮սôôֻҰǲУȻҪ˶
Ұǻùһսս
ǻʣ
ƾʲôҰһ£
ʵҲҰԼ˵ô°ɣ
ֻԵݵĳɷ֣
ɿɴӲĽԡ
¥ζʱ
ǵԮˣǻǵĲ׵ġ
˸͹֮ҲˡǼȵҰ̫סһҰ̫ǿС
ҰǱǿ̫ǿ
ҶͻսʿǶˣΪ
ѵҰ˱Ϊ¹ĳе㾫ήңԼҵӢ
ͬʱҽƶҲ׼Ǽÿһߵ״ֲ̬Ծͻ̳ߣҽԺ
ΪڶĹǵŹһ־ɴĵ̱
صķɳȫʧأҽԺȴȵĲ칫豸Ч¾޴󾭼ʧܶܶࡣ
һ߽ߵǾ·ߣϵҺս»ıηɳԼףʽԴΪԴݵ豸
ܶȺ˺ģֻĴŰβԼ³Դߡ
Ŷˣзıǡ
ŹĿǰŪҲŪ㣬ֻ໥ǣƵ״̬ҵݣŹ˷һ߻ûôгˡ
һ棬Ļ䳬»棬ֱջܶĻס²ϵĻףôһ̲ڵҺĻսʿȽҺս£ǿסһ֮󱻾Ȼߡ
˻ȱһֻػɽıֱּһΧ۵Ļˮδﲻס¥ˡ
¥ҡ
óֻ˵ǱУҪпգ͡
üһû˾ʧˣϥ붼֪׼ȥĹֳ
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ǿƼû취λȥˡ
¥ʱҰǵҲѾ͵ˡ
˻ҼٸҵĴǱصؿҰǡ
ճѷ쵽ڣһСʱȻټĳѾɷ棬ϿµľȺ꣬ϵĹŰЩսʿΧŴ󣬼ѵغ͹ﶷ
һأ
ǵҰǷı˵̽ⲻѾȥ˸ҡ
ҰǸҵĴ̽ǿɲӵкڶ߽ҵҰǣһüиǽͷö
⼸ܱ߹ҶʼԹԹҰûסйҲұԹ̫Ҫϣչһ¡
һǹұǸ©ĹˣǸǰɣס
ۿǱݣ֮ǰϣɾȥҰǽиʱЩ˿ɲ˵ʡ
ʲôҰǵʲôӦ÷鷳ʲôҪԱ˸𲻱
ŶãԼ˵ȥĻ̵
̫ҪѡҰ֮κγУʱܺ칦ˡһ΢̵˻ֻŵܲ˫ֱ״ƫƫѡҰǣѿجģʽ
ԱȻ˵ʵ飬ܲܲҪôֱף
Ҿһ䣬ҰǱΪսĵһߣûѡǶӣһǵ֧µľӡ
˵ҰΪȫԼΣڵϦǻҪֶã˹±ϣžһʲôʱ֧ԮľܵҰǵսؽʧô㣿
µĴԱһۣ֮ǰĬʱһ˵Ҫ˵ġҰǴվսһߣⳡսеʧȺ̮ģԱˣӦ༯ȥеΪսؽڼģӦ˼е
һԶۣɣ˹վ
ҪȥԱֵؿ
ǼźҰȫսԺ顣˹һ仰УͬʱҲǸЩˣΪҰǵĴͿ̵Ұǵ档νȫսԺ飬һѣһȫ֧Ԯ
ʱҰǱߵµı仯˵Ԯˡ
յܾͿͣսƽ̨ߣ̨ƽ̨Ϳװ˵ҡ
ȿҰǣͬսһһɣкԶ
һսȺӹƼ׵µȵʽҩһľȺȻڶһһŴһҾҲǴȥ˾޴鷳
ܿͣսƽ̨֮ǵĻ׷
Ϊ׵һܸ׵ľͻףɫͿװ쳣Ŀҵһ۾֪ļʻߡſ˹
ڰϷͷ֮һҲڱ߾սĥ³սߵǿܼԦרΪ߿շ;׼ľͻס
ûߵĿ˹һߵġ˵뿪ȫϢҡ
ͬĹҴҡҡͷ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôü˽кгĽͬʱעҰǵʵʱתһǱ߿סǾ͵ýеڶ׷Ǹʱûһӹ
ʵϣҰǱһʼȫٷ֮ʮŵĹҺ͵ͷָնѾָ֮ǰõĵ±
ΪֻţҰǵûֱתȥһЩܵĻ滹еġϰٷ֮ʮϵ˶ڵȴдϢ
һûģǶĬĬš


135 
Ǳһǧҵսʿ
˫ٶ׸߾ͻ׵ǳ, սƾͿʼתǰɫʮ޻˫ҲĳֿϷɹľֱвһп˼öҪվ
ŵĶǿƼ¥ʱһˮ
ɿͻȻ𣬵곤˵ÿ͵µС, ֱڶûк˳
ʵ˵, ͵ʲôˮƽ˭Ҳ֪һֱͨİĻСҲһֱڸ»
˸˺ŵĵ곤Լû֪Сʲôˡ
ΨһԿ϶ǣǰĿ˹Ѿǿ͵µĶ֡
Ȼ߻ûпĶãֳһֱԴԴʱͨ, һ˫ɫţǡ
ţһ渲ǰɫĲ֪ǹﻹǻ׵Ķʱͨ, һգۼԾҰǵķϣ΢΢
ʲô
Ȼĳִ˷, ԺЩﲻͬ, ֻƾ˫޴۾жϳһӵк
Щͷֻ㵽һ۾, ͸ܵǹɱ, һս
סĵѵ, һͻȻ˵ĸ֡
ףôܣ, ֲûнӴף廹ǻ׵ģ, һαװɹҲԺơ
Ȼһʼ˵ʵȴǽ𡣽ףܶ
ҡҡͷⲻһףǾгǿҽ, ޷ж⾿µ, ħ
ڲ, ĴҲ顣ǵֻ׼ȥγµǻ壬ɷȻֻȷʵ̫ˡԼأǱΪ
˵ҽָı飬Ҳ
ﺬʣǻݶֵıԼṹԼսʽԽԽᣬֻףһϵĹ۵㣺Զ޷ͬһ˺Ρ
ָ¥ͬţͷ׵
֮ôΪһҲŰĶ֮һȻֵúֻһɼҲϡָӹٻȨڶ̨
͵£ϳˡ¥ͨѶ˵
ʱ򣬿˹ʻľͻѾ׶ϡ
ƻԵĽţͷ׵ĲϣӿϡֻһƤŵĶͷȱȴܿϸĹܵ໥ճϣͷֻصϡ
סҲϳرĻסȴǵһۿ
֪ⶫ֮˹ֱӻϰ
ؿڷǿ⣬
źĻֻ˫ַҵĹ⣬һǰţͷ׾ͱһɽƬڵϣܵķ档
û˸ˣţͷϵĶʼٵ޸ͬʱֺɫճĽ״ڸǰɫ
ЩƬҲ䶯ۼѪɫߣ֫ںϡ
ûѾɵˣ⵽ʲô
˿Ա޸˿Ա޸ɽȥսƬ»صϡⶫĿԱɱ
˹ǵȴˣĵڶѾ䶯ĺɫϡ
µ鷢ˣ֮ǰ˺ĵӵʯͷգۼͱɡ
Ȼʹ˵һ˹ü
ˡָңǳЦ㿴ڷиĿľˣָӹûЦ
ײɿأ֮ǰָӹûҪôɱﵣʵһΡ
弶һֻǳСһ֧ӣҲǴʧܡ
ָӹûѹϲãֻսĿСУҲǼף
ǵıΪѾֵ̫Ѿʮ
ǼʷͥҲ֪£ʱǾͻ죬ȷѣǵή
ȼ½ȴ쳣ѣΥԸ
Ѿȴܵ˵ٸѪζǲԸٻع顣ڽ̸УǷתΪɢˡһ壬ҡ
ϲ˵ȻԸ⣬еһƺҲûжپܾˡܿҵ˽ֻҪΪ˵ߣôǵȨܱͨʵ֡
ָӹٲ˺Ȩ׼ĳ롣
Ǽʳȴɥ߶ƴȫ
͵¼ʻСҰǵѵʱҰǵķǾкѪ⡣йģģʿġ
˹ʻľͻױţͷһƽƵϵʱŵϣʱǲ߲ʵıĤ΢΢˵ļֱᵽɤۡ
ʱţͷѾ֮ǰӣźɫϵļ׿ǣֳͬ˫͡ģʽ˱仯
ǿµҽĲֻǶ˺ѧϰ
ѧ˿˹ʽ
ȣȿȿȣͻ׵شþͻĿ˹Ҳܵ˺ѵʹࡣ
ҿ˹Ǿͻڲĺĳ⣬ӴԵĴϵ죬ûоʹ˷ٴӷվ˫ֳֵ̬
ιƶ֮⣬Ҫæ𣿡һӽ
ʱŵĤһѼĵ״Ķϸɫ
塣ǻףȴǴδͺš
״ʱϳһڹķ򣺡곤˴Ķ
һķдšΣգ䡯иŵı־
죡ǼǹǾˣʿָ·ֳһȥȡԵͬʱҲ֪׼ʻߵݣŵܲá
˹ĳзͷûע⵽ߴҲŵĺɫס
谭ߵķڻУһһԼٶȳľȺУһ֧˦β޴
ǸۿԲ׽ٶȣĤ϶һӰȻ⵽̫ٶ̫죬Ӧʱβǡ䡯һ
ĽͻȻĻۿ˲ע⵽Ǳƺʲô¡
㻹鿴𣿡˹Դ˿˹ɻתͷרĶԸһֱڽԽԽѶԸţͷס
ʮ룬ܽһضطҿסʮ𣿡˹ֳˡ
ʲô취˹ʣһ㱻ɢˣըƬҲټճγɸѶԸĹ
ʱ˹˵һʡ
һֱڱ߽Ŀ˹ʲİҲС͵ʱ԰ѹ̶סһһ͵ֻ˿ռĸߵȼڸߵҲƻ߲
֪λܲǴõⶫ
áôõģ˹һ˿ϣ˷ϣ
׶ԻףʿԹڶԽȺҰǷ·˼ûһطǰȫġ˶ŵؿǣȴ֪˿̷սεͷϷ
βѾʬ壬п͵ɱģǸӰɱġ
͵µٶȼ죬׷ĵУûиоʹࡣ
͵ʲôûѧֻ׷˵ٶȣ죬졣곤봽ΪСӳ˷Ƽס֮ԡ
սĹؼ곤˵˲Ǻܷ
̿ͣҲרҵġΪȱȥŮǵ곤ǰǽģ˾һѿеĵ
һ˵£ŮӰڰǿ͵ҲҲڡ
͵ҲûпʻŸͷСڹ⻬ϣǰ滹ĵ˵


136 

µţͷױ˵ľͻһɽȺһǵζۿɼСʮ౶˵սֱһɽҳ˴ӡ
˹ڻͲú壬ţͷһɽͷö궤ɫţͷ׺;ͻױȦһڡ
ɫܻ׵ϣһһ㣬סĵطʼʧ¶Ľṹܡ
ߣ˹ҪȦľͻףͻֻǿһۣ˫ţͷס
Ӣۣ֪Ļһװá˹ͨ˹Ƶ
ұȷȫʧȥսҽʵ̫ˣֻҪһᣬͻѡսʿŵսʿʱҪʱ
ʱĿ˹ѾˣǺ侲Ҳڶѹľͻף䲻𡣡
ƨһǹɵĿ˹Ȼ˴ֿڣȦⱩսһǲʤѵܴӴ˸ǣһеڶܴԶ߹ģ޴
˶ŸԵ˭Ҳ˵˭
գûʱ򡣡˵ƵͻȻˡ˹һ£ûŪ˭ģͿһ˳ԼļʻڣʶҪγȴںͻ׾Ҫסţͷס
侲һ㡣
곤ǵ곤ĸ硣
ڼʻڵĽڵͷգﲻС⡯⻰ʵЩŹͷ˹ĵȴ˵
ʱһһȥţͷ׵ͷѾɢ͵ͻҲˡڿ˹ļʻؿڸһʱ䡣
ʧȥԴţͷ쳣˹ΪԼõĻѾѹƲ̫ãƺһεסһ
εǰˡ
곤ʲôˣܶ˶õ곤ôǿΪڻǼʽ޹Ȼ켣߽ȴѧϰͻ䡣ƾŬͻﵽ곤ĳ̶ȣҲôǻ׼ǼȦ
һЩ˼ΣһֱҶǼٵģĳǱʶҾЩθҵĸдԽԽ̡
ѾҪ벻ЩεľݣʲôֹʱսֹƺһҲôĲ档
ʱͻ׵ĲѾʧһƹ©վӦſѧ
곤ѧ𣿡
һ֣£Ի̽
˹ûаİĳȴʼռһиףҪʻգʱؿڵĲѾȫ򿪡
ռиһ̣˹ڼʻձֱӵɳתͷȴڵӰֻһźɫ
ʤױ屻ռи˦ȥ治ͬ䡣
־гǿףҲ޷иƬұ¶еǰ¸
ָӹע⵽ɽȺһĻһΪǱߴ
ʮˣǾȻûסһߣ
⡭Ϣѹºµѵ泤٣һһͶĳֿԸźŵĶش󲿷ʧЧ޷׷ٵϢҡ
ʲô
ңܺɫڻǼʵİͼλŵĻսʿڴ˴ڰ˲㣬ٶȺɱ˼
ôжΣ
٣ѾˣֻҪһʱ䡣
κӪĶԻһ޴졣һһ㣬ƤſŶмʮ׸ߵǵŹ걻ӲĥѪ⻭𺳾ԱȲϸڻȻ
ͬǾ޴Ļڵϣ嵹һ˲ѳ֩˫۾ҲҰɫ
ˣȷѾʧȥսʿӿȥ֪ʲôʱĻеڰæиʬ塣ָӹƿ۾ֱؿš
ϰСɱһֻ
٣һţһͷתȦеţͷϡ
ʱٽţͷѾ̫ʣϾ֮ǶѾɢ䡣
ָӹ۾ѪܼҪѡﶼҲ㲻ϴ£ͽӴǲսʤףҲֻһĺ֣ôܡ
ĸ߼ռֶģ׽޵УҲֻǽʱǡǡǿԶԸһ
٣вǡǲ׼С˵
ȻЩϲҪһǴ￴׼ǼԸûи㹻װ;ӡǷֿȥѹҵľӶǸԣ
ǻȥ֮׼ٹһԡ
ָӹǹۿŲŵ۾أ˭Ҫˣ
ûУ٣˴ĵ׷̻صλԼҪ£ֻһĿʬֱ컨塣ȲùܵµģЩսˡʿսǲǶڵǾͰǱƳ
һսΨһĻᡭָӹٺһ㣬ڻȥΪһѡռУȻΪ֧лᡣ
һʼܸ߸ϸӵڴսӦеӣǵľȺɳȫװʿͬʱתսȺн
Ϊ˴װĲ࣬սȺ˲ء
ͬʱʱŵĺڶʼ٣ǵĵľȺƸ
䣡ڣѪǵŹ걻Ǹͷ­׶ѾʣֻľȺʹɳĽŲȿŷսʿ
ѵҰȭŭй־ͷŭս˹Һʿ޷ϢһӣϾҪӭʿ
սپļƻ޷ͨУƺ׼ҰˣǵĽڷϿͣƵȫװʿɳűȽöװ
ֻսµʿǣͺ񵥳ĦСҰǴôСޣгĺ顣ʿһսʿܽһ˵Сӡ
ңǷϷжǱʹɱüԲͬսڵͿ
ʿʿһͷҪսҲ׼ǱĿꡣ
սʻԱǿԼͬһ׹أƽ̨Ĺ㲥ﴫ˾ҪǼ̻عƽ̨
ˣսʿԮսʻԱѶ

ʣսʼƽ̨УǾˣΪһҪְȻЩսӵʱһ۵Ĺ⣬ȻŰҰֱж˾޴սͣƽ̨
˻ȥƽ̨սȻˣ޴սͣƽֱ̨ڿը̻Ƭ͸սǣеսżʻԱһը
ȼŵƬһɫ꣬ڵҳһƬӣŴѪζ


137 
֧Ԯľأ֧ԮľӶtmȥĶҰҪǳŲסʲôùӣܳס˵ĻңԱƷӡ
ΪЩЩǶҰǳģÿһˣҪ֣Ұǵˣ
Ѿ͵ڶ֧ԮȡϵǺܿ͵
ٳЩܿǶ죿һӣһӣtmһСʱ
ֱӺըսƽ̨Ǽսͣƽ̨Ҳˣѵ죬ЩʻԱǣһɶʱ;սʿ
ڵս˵ѾʮַȻٷﻹ󣬺ױ߿Ƽ·ߵĸߵȼƣǲűɳ˼ʻսܺ˿˫ģʽ
һͼǵսתԭʼ˿ģʽ
һжΪʲôΪٶȿס档
֪սɽʼѹƾ;ϵƲסǱֵģսĸǣϵԽãʧԽ󣬾ô򵥵ĵ
ڣôսʿһɨˡܽڰϷôֻѡ顣
½Ԯڴ˰
ѾҰǸ˵Űӹһ谭ҪƵƱҪʱɱǸҡ
ùܣըȥ߻û˵꣬Աһ仰ϡ
䡢ըȥ
˵˻Աû˼Ǹ谭ɲָˡ
Ǹҵƺϣܰæ⣬õǡǵǵְ𡯣ǻñöµƽӾٶȣ˵ǹܲܶЩƽ
ǹﻹʲôֱӺƽҪٵʱ䡣ʱֹӳҰǵģͬ塣
ֱˡ¹༯棬һСˡ
ĬؿϾˣѹֵĸоϢ
ȥǣ
ĳҵĴֱӰʱ˵ʲô
ûĳϰʮֻ𼱵Ӻ֧ǫ̈̄Ķͳˡ
Я㹻ڻķ䳵δȵ뷢ĵԶ׼ǾȻ̻Ҳԭڵһ
ǴԮȴһװ׳Ѿ׼ǿͨʱͨ
䣡
ָ֧ӹһ£ĿƻȶųĵХųʱͨȥ

һöʱͨըҰһյľ޴ʱͨûԷӦǵڶʼˡ
һöεĵǵıըʱͨ˸һ˲׼ͨʱͨӴһӰ졣
٣½ؾӵˣڹǵʱͨ
½ؾӣָӹüը̨
ڵļƻҰΪ֧㣬ͨʱͨøӹռȻΪּª豸ըǵʱͨǾһв
ľʼ԰ΧҰǵ½йصܷ ǿƻԵĴԵǱ׼
ս˲Ϣ䣬ҵĹעʱȵܣֻһˣһֱڼľ
곤ѾﵽһǧңģľԱժͷּغ
˹ʱˡָҵĳ¥ͨ˹ͨѶ
ס˹洫
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֪ҰǵʱŶǶߴ͵ģƾʲôϵʱҪ⣿
ʱӵһŲҰµҲĸǣڸŵǿ˽ϡ
ûҲһͬȹģĳʱš
˵ȫսԺȫսԺ
ȫĿⶼ½ȺĴսˣûע⵽ܾû³ӵû˴ڸеĴʱһ⡣
ҰͻȻһǿҵĹ̫ˣսʿǶ̲ס۱ܿ
ǵ׷ͻȻֵĹ⣬޴ļֱайģĹʱųбյʱͨϡ
ûǿЧҲûĿؼҫĵط·𱻶һĤĤչʱͨԵ
˾㵵УҰյʱͨǿƷˣҲʧʱŵͷ
ž
ָӹ˫ָ̨ϣôܣôܣ
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ǳ٣ǡ
ָʧЧļһ¡
еǻͻȻֵĻ濴ȥػһ谵ȣĵƺƻˣһЩѾ޷ʬ壬ɫҺϻ۳ɺɫĳߡ
ͷλվˡ׼ȷ˵һճŮ˺һܻѪĺɫСͻס
Ů˾վһȳ߿Ƽ໭ǰǺϤϤëȻ
Ϣӽŵװܵǣ޷ƵؽԼתָΨһĴţǡڴź
ȻǸŮƺоʲôͷż΢΢һЦ
ˡ
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͡ˣ
ʵƲϽľ֮Ǵжˣûˣ׻ײˣҲʱˡ
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ҰìܵĹҳ˻˦ԼʣǵҰƾһսΪСҪСʱѹ
óǵԲõ̫ࡣҰǳǸɫͻȻڻҡ
˵һ㡢㡣
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ǿҪһģ־ӲܶΪԡǼʷ𣿡ڳǴӵ˶࣬һ뵽ҪԪء
ֻǧģûǧշġһβֱӽֶɡԡлǸʱô
ҰǶǿԱ֤ԼҿסĽ𣿡Ա׷ΪҰǷԡ
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ұںڼ䷢־Ѿ˹أڱץѱǼʷͥͱǵĹ
ܱ֤һʱĺƽչ
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ĬȻҰΪʤĴ̫ˡ
ΪڰϷĴڣ߻һθᣬ˭֪ںڰϷѶԽԽߣϷĲٷ֮һ
˵Щȥҿûеڶˡ
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¥ЦЦؿЩˣҰǵܱ߹ҴۺҰǵķչҲһˡ
һദӢѪᡣ˻᳤ԡ
¥ʾÿɷһǿжġ
ע⵽˽ɳ𣿡Աɻˡ
ҰһλսʿһλǱеսʿһǻ׽ָӹ١
ǶʿԻ׽ΪʵŻ͵ظɱԾٸˡŲʶѵĸ߹ٿԴԶԶġ
ǿͨЩ߹͸¶ġ֤֤һսô֤İ취
֪ôˡĻûжԱǻһġô˵ⶼû⣿
İɣǻ񣬽ָӹش
ĸͨѶ˵ƣ¥СԲϢǱнˣ㵱ԱϢ
һƬ
ֻͼƬһƫèϵŮһŲĳԴϣͷžͷȡҮϸһ㣬ᷢǸ߼ָӹٵ·
һֻɾƬȣһϢָӹٱ׽ˣǣԲ顣


138 
һĨбҰǵķϣӲӵġ
֮ǰڵѵȴҰһ߳Ұǰδеĺãû˲ûоͷĽ̧ͷǰŵƽߵϦ
Ȼûκһ΢Ц
һƬš
ɻľһһߣЩͬ׽ߣǽ͵ܲйС
ҽƶӵĵ̧˵սʿһɫ˾̽豸ѰſڷµˡҪСģڷµĳԼˣһֵˡ
վ޴սͣƽ̨ʣսĬ뿪һ뿪ĻҵսкʻԱѾȥһһһһ硣
ӦϷսɣػص˼䡣ҰǵսʿοЩԶˣ㿴ҵĻвתˡ
ԸɡҲֻǿЦõĽ
ҲҪˡ½ָӹҲҪˣָӼҪߡҰԭкܶͨʱţһζƻɾˣֻԭʼİ취ߡ
ҰӢ֮ǡ뿪֮ЩݵغҰǸӹɭ𣬡½һΰĳС
ȵʿһȫҳµҰ˲ϵ˵ָ߳
ĳĿտѤ
һеĵˣԮľˣҲûˣֻһؽкͿҰˣĿ治֪Ӧðڳʲô顣
ؽҪһʱ䣬ѾãǿṩһЩסΪʱõأڼһзҰǹٷ𡣡
ոմ˻ϻЩƣĳ¥Ŵݵ̬վǰ
곤컹о𣿡
аȰ
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ĺҰǵһڹҰҲǵһμôûȱԱĹŶӣ˵б֮ĸĽҲС
׽ָӹٽսĿ͵ҧһǣƽʱûʲô𣬾ͺ֮ǰսÿĻѵ
ѾȷΪ̳ˣҲĳΪ̳˵Ŀɿ˵ɨ顣ҪЩ͵̮ĽƬ͵һȥ
Ȼ˻ؽķãڼԼҰ˲˷ЩԴЩڹµĲϡ
ҵļҶûˡҰ˻е޷Ӧʵһجһ
ҰǱǴ޵һ㽨ģֻǳдݻˣ˲ǶʲôµģǴͷٽһΡȳ¥ɿɵĻһ㡣Ұ˲û֡Լ˹ܡİġ
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ӮˣΣóս׼˱ͻȻľϲˡҰǣҰǣѾͨ˽⵽ڽͷܣҰǵ֡
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Ұΰ𣿼ǵʱҰһͨˡ
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ܲÿ˹Ϣ͵±ԹҲǸ׵ģȴûҵ֡
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Ե¥ˣʱ䶼Ǹչˡ˯һûŪ
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弶弶Ҫǹ֣һԶըĸǵİǣ͵øһȵĴ󺣴
лֱͶֱӰĸǵĴ©ü١
˵ʽ㲻ϵ׼Ǽʵξ͵ÿ塣
ƫƫأڰϷ˵£ùˣǺڣֻ͵͵һһһԣǸССʱͨ
˫ս˼ǽһȻٿһСආʲôõĴжڷ״̬Ψһܼ˵׻˵ʱ
Զ׼ЩӾСආûϣԼľֵҪǼʷͥС
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ûţǼʵ嶼Թϡ
קöڱǼʷͥһԴ˺ˡ
˵Ҫһλã罵һȼ
۱ھǼЦ
һγ˸Լûʲôʧȡ㹻Դ
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ǸŰڹСƱƣֲҴۿҰЩԴƶǲǰˡ
Ǽ򣬻Ұ޿ϵʱţǺõһƵģʱҰ鷳Ǿ
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ڣѾ֪ԭĸǻǵˡ
ΪʱֹҲδ˴ԶѡС
ҲӮǻ˯ǧ꣬Ҳԭڸŭ
Ҳ֪ǲĸǵķˮʲô⣬ȵ嵽࣬ﶼǡɱħħµһݱ粵ǲдһС
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ʵҵҲУһ뻹мûĸЦܵ㻶ӭɣ
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ĳΪŵҰǶ׼ʽڡ
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ҰǶοҪȻ̣ʮʮڱꡣ
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ڴչ۵ȡǣʨ̧Դͱֻ۾ȥ
Ŷ߲Ħʨ̲ס˦˦ͷҪͷϵ˦Ȼ˦ȴ
еµؿǰѾĴţ֮ǰĴǵİȴľذϸܴ÷硣
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ĸǻڣһʨһǴǸһϧλ廹½½ʼǵǼ֮á
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˺ܶɽֲ֮СЩְСԼλ棬ͻѡǿ
ҵλҪĸѾδ·ÿѡһˣ/ռǸ֣ͬʱҲǸҪִǡ
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ŮСķ˰ɣиҪĵ곤ƽԱ
ôëأļѾ̫ãЩ˾˼ʮҲɫҲῴģ곤ˣ֮ͲǡЩԱģµҲǡ
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ĸٵӸӶӡ˵
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ӱƽͶŵϣЩӱǶֲ죬ǿ󡢶ɱܿء
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룬ˮ˾ƣ͡
¥ôֻԼ֪ǵһʱ;ڰϷĸı䡣
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ȸ㿴ãٻ˺㿴𣿿ЩèèͨʲôˣɥɣģãƯ
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Щ֮ǰģƺ¸ֶЩ֣̫ˡ
¥ûҽ븱ƺȼǿ˹ԱȽܴ
ҲˣһǲȫɫҪˡ
ԭˣѹô֡
ҵǾôһĸˡʵ˵֮ǰЩһɱѵӪģ̫ˣŶǸ߹ܷᡣһȤͺû˼ˡȽСˡĸоʵˡ
ôһ˵ҾͶˡΪڰϷͻȻˣ֮ǰ̫ûʲô˼ҪѾĻȼǵٰǱƵĥѾ޷𣿾ȻҪĥ飬ɱģֲ
ԭˣȻ+1
ǼʹڴڰϷʱ򣬱仯һʴϰɱ͵èèǺȻһ֣
ݵļͥиĸֵܽãǵͯ꣬ƽõѧʱİº͵飬ԼȤãԼϲҵ
ĵطһϲʲôƹһʳ⣬Щãؿų¥ƺѯʴ𰸣
¥Ҳǵһδǵ۾￴˲ͬ׷ǿǱܺڰǴδ⡣
Ҳ֪ϲʲôϲơ¥ǸãˣһǿϲƣС硣ʵڲ֪ԼϲʲôΪʲôʲôԣ
ʲôԣ
Զѣֲʲôʧ
˵뿪˵ȥطһƹĿ˵޷ĳЦѵŻԶ޷ɣ
ȥ濴𣿡곤ͻȻʡ
ƹﰲ곤֣Ȼûȥ̫ԶĵطߵĶһߵĵطһŬˡ
ǸϷﲻв𣿡¥ʣ˶شģЦȫ綼֪ܣܡ
Щ˱ǿΣһƿͻش
û˿һֱǿһֱӵԵѵǸʱͱȥһڲȱʳ彡¿Իһٶʮ꣬ꣿ
һ죬Ǹ뿪˻ˣһʺȱˮֲֲЩֲﶼ죬ҿԸĮľṩҪˮ֡Ƿ֡۵ȣǵľҶҲܱ֯Ʒ
ҵǳˣһγھƹݣ곤Цһ֤žЦеġ
һҵ꣬һЩʧȥս˻ȥǼҵЩֲӡ
ҶãһµӶƬѿˡ߹·˿漣һϸϸ磬ڻɳжᣬǲۡ
һɳȥɳȥЩҰֲԽԽߣ˼Ĵ̣˻˸˻ɳˣڡ
ӵԽԽ࣬һƬƵĻĮɫ
ʵĮнģҽһֱ٣ֻɳסˮ֡Щֲһа취סЩˮ֡
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ĳһ죬¥߳ƹݵʱſ硣ǵ곤СӳЦϻһ硣
¥һϳǳϷһʺֲɳĮͻԭϵ䷢ڵ֭ҺܽɳܰæеĴˮ֡
ͷģҪнֵءҲҪԺͲÿɳˡ˺ҡҡ֣
˵Լս޼ֵ𣿡¥ֹţԶȥЩˣȴЦ
èèڸŬɱԽԽѣȴԽԽʡĶֲ￪ʼȡЩĶֲƽһֱӣиĸŮɵġͥṹʼձ顣
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