ۡߣɽľ
İ
Ϲճ
Ը񶼺ȱ
Ȼ
Ʒӵµ Ϊ
ô 뵽ٲ
ǩHE Ű


1 
ϰ˵ʮ
ִһ󣬴ӹ˾߳
ǰŸճ˾ţװװڴֻͿʼһ죬׼ʱһ
ִóֻֻѾδ磬Գʫá
һƺСﲻɢѾûϵԷ
ûʫû
ֻĻ㿪ԷѶϢ
ϴηҺܱǸϣҪ⣬ԴһЩ֪ͣæԤ˲ڽ𰶱ߣҽȴʮӡ
ִǰãһҵðȥҵƻʫʶ
ʫһһͷŨܾԸд󵨣ֳϻ۵Ůˡ
μ棬չʾֳϵ̬
һϮɫβȹԽߣҡҷˣھƻῪʼ󣬶һƣִִ󵨵ڨ
ִսյ¿ƼִܲһְҪ£˵Ĳ
ִһڹϣԴ¼ӦҲЩʤ䷳
ʫãԸʫ˳˶ĻᣬҪΪʫȷʵòͻִ֮˵ˣӲԽҲˣ˱Ц⣬ೡֵʮֳɫ
˳ʫõִЩйɫ鷳£Ҳ˳Ȼشʮָɾ
ִʫóԼ֮ʱ͵ıҵһƸУ
ʫõ̸̸ֹǰЩصԼ͵Ů˽Ȼͬ
˵ִԳʫģһ̺ܸߣܹṩֵĴŮˡ
ִȥһЩչʱһЩԼ׵Ĺۺкͼ⡣
ִ˱ֹϵµʱִ󷽣ʫòưƷ
⣬˫еɺĹϵӦÿٳһʱ䡣
Ȼڴڼ䣬ʫûļˡ
һִеð¡
һЩСƵͺ󣬲СĴ˲̣Ū·ִֵʮʿȥ¥ϵľƵ׷ﻻ·
ǸʱѾ쵽賿ִڷʫԡϴ죬ѾоЩԣʱšŰֵʱַȷʵˡ
֮ԡˮͣ£ʫֻΧԡۣһˮڰڵسŽŴԡ߳
ֶ㲻ϸʶѾˣ֮ĹϵģҲ޹ֳʫҪðһΡ
Ů֮£ԭϡƽ
Ψһ©ǣִԳʫõĳգ޷Ӧ
ִϲţڳʫǰº͵ͷһ¶һֽ벻ͺʧı飬΢΢һǱʫò׽סˡ
ȻʫԤϵǣϲεճִǳʾ֮ѾѶš
ִԭѾȫԺȻǰʶæ˼Ʋ϶ࡣ
ʱ˿̣ʱһ£ִֻϵδͶԷļѶ΢΢üķ˼ӣŴԺѹγʫŮ˵ģ
ֻбעִ¾ҪŮ˵ֶҪǲˡ
ʫԤĲյ¿ƼǳǰҪӣ߹һ·ھͿԵľ롣
ϰ˵ʮ֣ڲһ¥λõĳʫ͸·߹ϤӰʱҲĿ¶ȡ
ʵִ᲻ʮûףԷô֣һ˲˲ʮ־ϲ
ִƿţ㿴ںλõĳʫѾϤĴЦݣԼк
Ψһͬǣջһִǰִǰδչֵķһ䵭ŵױҴһǳпɵ·֮ǰҪȫ¾ޣë̻ȶҪһ׼״̬ʮֲͬ
ִ߽ˣſʫԻһˡ
ʫÿǳлԸæ֮гǰ˵ţִĿɨԼֳλƳһۣЦݲ䣬ſ˵ұܣĩ棬ұһˡ
£̧첲һ±ܣк
ڳʫкִֺ߱ȫεֱֱ䵽ִϡ
һ˫Բèۣ̣ͦ𪣬ͫɫɫһźƯ촽Ѱ̺࣬Щʪ
δʫʱģ͸¶¹õʣһֲµĻ
ֱʫõĴߴ٣Ȼһ㣬λִ֣˵ãǷʱ
ִʮĵɨֻԼ֣ϴ
ִǰľƱǱɫŵݹȥ˴롣
ִĿ£ʱֽͣ룬ֶԷûҪԼֵĴ㡣
Ŀഥһ˲󣬷ʱ̻رܣһȥʫһۡ
λзʱкֵüֱһδװƵƷҴҵؾͱʫôƯƯǰ
ִʱջĿ⣬̧ŲǶ̲ؿڣִ
ʫЦִסʱֱ֣ϰһ£Ȼ˵˵˵
ʫýԸǿϲˡ
ִԭû׼ⳡ˷̫ʱ䣬֮ǰҪʫúþۺɢһžԺɧŵļ롣
û뵽ʫûһʲôܡ
к۾ʱʱԹԼƺΪԼĴʽء
ϴηʵᣬҲû뵽Ǽ䷿ỵʵǲţҿ԰ѾƵĸ˵ĵ绰㣬Ϊ֤Ǵεʮ⣬⡭
ʫһ״ƳϿҵؽͣһֽŲϵĸһƷܸϵƷζΡ
ִȫ̿ʮֵĲɣⳡ̥ķŲӣһкõţţûŵߣ͸оȱʲôһ¡
ԭִΪǴȴû뵽ű˵ڶ£ҶԷûаݵĴ㣬
ִֻţԼĽףһ·ϡ
ʱĽڻִСʱԷ㿪ˡ
ִ̧ͷʱԼΪƤգһ۾
ܵܿ仹СִʮǰԲ˵ôһ䡣
ʫȴ⣬شСʮһˡ
Ŷʵǻ𣬴ѧûҵɡ
ǰͬѧһ꣬ĿǰA
ִϱ鿴мʵ˵A󰡣ɼ
Զءпúѧϰѧϰ
ʫ¶һζģղЦ
֪Ϊεģִͻһܵθڡ
ĵµһ˲䣬ֻ
ⳡΪһ绰ִֹһ绰лռլ
ִ뿪֮󣬳ʫҪʱģϵĶҲٳˣ󲿷ֲƷ˷ʱС
ڽִ뿪ʮӺǽҲ뿪ˡ
ʫõĳһʮĻɫᣬʱʫýӵ³⿪
ܳʻֵĳʫͷе谭ߵϸ鷢˿£󣬳ô
ʱڸʻϣۣ쿴ֱӣս㣺㣬û뵽Ȼôÿ
㣿ʫ˵ϼŵĶӣƻֿȵ¹ĳò˼ͷ֪֪
ʱԣﲻ͸ĲĻȻܸö𣿡
ͣȺƵļ϶ʫһ̷֧Žʱôˡ
ͷ𣬳ʫ³һ̣˵ʲôⲻ𣿡
ʱ⻰˶ġ
ʱƵʱǰ࣬ʫýˣʻųʻԶĵĽֵ


2 
ƽĶۣڵһӡִˣֽȻ˳⣬ƯԺյļӶǼøеġ
УôмʶһҪЩʶķʱҲ⡣
ֽĵʱͨʫõִ˽ϵʽ͹ȥ󣬼ÿСʱҪֻһΡ
س̵·ϳʫûٸ˳ͼʱһνӴִԼȫһʿǿ
賿ʮ㣬ִͨ˷ʱĺ롣
ʱֵشӴϵźһҮ
ͬʱһߣִռլĹ㱨￴ֻϺбĺ㡣
ȥһСݵͷ֣롣
ãǷʱ
ռլӦҵ÷پմسϰڹ˾ᣬת㣬ǾʢҲǲɸемƣ
ʱԺǸôƯк
ʫôλνıš
ִ˼ɢһ񣬷ֲֻһ󴥣պˡܡ
ãǷʱ
ϢϷǸոͨһ̣ԷѸٷϢ
ֵȴõģ
ôϢ𣿹Ŷ
ִϢûлظ
Ӻ󣬷ʱַڶϢ
ǹæҲҪǵעŶ
ִ˳ȥҵʱͷϢš
ͬ
ִ֪ǷӦڳʫöҹɢľжΪͬ
ִ˶ԣԴ˽۲ʮͬġ
ڹʱִͬһѧУǵĸ׳±Ź㣬ǵĽϿִҪʱְ̱μˮ׼ź¶ЦݵԼʱôı䣬Ŀⲻ
ִʱżȻչ˳±ʮӶ͵Ϣִ֪ǳ±ӣҵʱһҹĲ
һ㣬±δ
ִ֪Լĸ˭ʱڻǳԺ󣬶δй̽ѰϢͷ
ڳ±ЩԼôﰵԴִҲʾ⡣
ڹкбȥͶڹһպ˽ѧУһ·ڹоŻ
Ǹʱ򱾿ѧоרҵڣҪֱý
Ⲣ£ȫʱ;ѧҵϣ⻹ҪʱעִĶҵúͳ±ָʲôԴͻᣬԼǷҲȡ
ڷæѧҵҪҵô绰ʱ¶ТġϣײҪ˽ӡ
ִƾɫĳͳɼҲ˶ʾԺøС
ִΪʱڣѳʱ̸ϾάϵҪʱ;ʹˣھܾʾ֮ѧʱһλŮ׷£ɿڽ˶Է
Ȼθ鲻һ¾ͳ׽ˡ
Էķ֡
ұʾֳִһʮĸСʱֻ˯СʱʱȫڿҵоԱϵˣûһ漣
ʱִĻ棬ǳꡣ
Դִ֮ǳ׾һ롣
ΪԼĮκ˰ûг嶯ԼΪԼǸ
ڶԼжϵʱִҲ֪Ƿַࡣ
ȻԴˣͬУҵģΨһƵѵĹ̹ԣִֻΪбҪ˽ΪЩԼֵ׼ܵ˽˷ʱ䣬ҹִ֣һֱδܳɹ˽ܹϵҲпǹĽ
ִôϸ㣬Լʱ侫׼ÿһÿһ룬ٶȸ磬ִͬһҵ˹˾
ԴϣҵöԻӺ˽ĳ̶ֳǲƫУִͬ
ΪԶִǰ£ֲƫбһֲ
ҵýÿ£һνҽԺִڳ±Ĺƻ£ǰὫ󲿷ֹɷִ档
صͬ¡
ִԴ˲κӣԼǣһС鷳¡
ҵִͳɵԸ񣬾ԻԴŭ᳹ʧȥ׵֧Ҳ˵
һ棬ڰǰִѾռϼҵΪδޡ
÷С޲£Ҳǳ±һִϡ
ִһͬô´Ҳҵһ¾Ե
´ӦⳡִļҲɥʧܴľ
ôԼ
ִԺλзʱк
㿪ֻʮʮ֣ԷԼ˵ԼҲҪϢ
Ļ³һӳαϿȥ
ԣϣԼòҪǡ
콵£ǵѽ
ִ磬Ϊʲôأ
ʱһܣʱβصִϢִżظһšߡæ֮󣬱Ʊܹ裬һʼȽسƺִΪˡִ硱
ѽ첻СĿĵǣʹ
ϢˣԷ˵䣬ָһƬ
ƬϹĵƹ£һԭϸϥϣĳһС࣬Χû˵ĵطӨӨķ۹⣬ƬĵϥǻһСذϸСȣɫɳš
ִ㿪ϢʱԷϢʱѾȥСʱ
Ƭͣ룬֪ΪΣִȥʱҪ˶þͻԼա


3 
ٴμʱһĩϡ
ִ˾ĵͣԼĳԣվһˡ
к뿿ɫγϣƺΪȴ˲̵ʱ䣬еˣʱʱýżĿĵ档
³ŲʱԭûʲôվվֱˣŤͷִ
ʱһţףһǳɫп㣬ͷʰ¶Ķͷǳഺл
ִʱ˫۾̧𣬳ִǱ߿˼ǽһִ硣Ưüͷ΢΢һίĻȣִôϢأ
ִѣǴƬ֮ûٵ㿪ԷϢԻˡ
⵹⣬Ҫ̫࣬û̫ȥظԷЩϻҸݷʱǰı֣ΪʱԼԼĵúܺá
Ѿվǰˣʱôģûʡ
ֻһθܵ˳ʫҪܵԼ͵ľġ
ִ鵭ĮûҪشʱ˼ֻʵ𣿡
ִϾǧ֮ˣʱǵģмֽӲò׵ȵˣķôʱ䣬׷ĵ
ʱһ¶Цݣִִ磬ֻƱһȥ𣿡
ʱӿڴƱִչʾ˵㹤ô࣬ʱҲҪһ£ݽ
ִߴƱ΢һɨϳʫš
ʱеϣǽʱҵԼλʱһӾҪʽʼ
ʱ۾̨ϣݳʼѹŤͷսִԺʵҾŵ࡭
ִŵϵˮζζЩƫִײһü˷ʱ˵һ㡣
ʱɫ㬡Ŷһ
ʱϢģִо徻Ὺʼʮӣоұ߼͵һ
Ǻųƾķʱ˯ˡ
һ¿ִ̫Էۺ̵Ľë˳űһ·£촽
ʱ촽ӯͣʺǡ
ƾòִۣҲ޷ڷʱ̵̫ĵĲֹһ
˯еķʱ֪ߵ˴ʱڶʲôĹۣҹϷִ̫֮ǰʰԼСʱȻڵ³վŵôã¶ˣ²ƤЩɬˡ
˺ü£Ҳûֿܵס⡣
̨ϣָӼѾʼڣٵŮʦдС֣鶼Ѿ
ʱ̨лĻʱ̨¹ڵѡ
ȻʶԼ֪ʲôʱ˯ˣæȥߵִִĿбǰûע⵽Լʲô״˿
ʱѾڿʼϯ
ִͷʱɢòˣŴλҲʼߡ
ʱһС֮󣬾ִָ࣬ǰ棬˦ԼıӰֱԼ
ʱæִ˲ˣʱһۣԼǰõĹۺС
һ䲻Ҫʱǰסļ𻰣˯ôһСȻѾǲʲôˡ
ûϵʱԼӡ
оǵݳô
ţִ΢ͷû巽ʱ˵ʲô
һֱͦϲŵģģҺǣԴڽɫࡶҹ硷룬ҾͳΪʵķ˿
𣿡ִᡣ
ʱٴο϶˵Ȼִ۾أִ磬Ժ󻹹һ𣿡
ִûмʶҪӽԼˣʱףֶδӵ̶ֳȵ
ͻҪ˯ߣڴڸѹ״ִ̬ʱҲҪǲ
ʱŬҪʹҪӽԼԼע⣬Ŀһִ࣬ͿԽ
ڷʱݽӴĳЩʱִ̣ڱԾӸµӽһΪԼ׼Ưϲݡ
ʱͷִ֪ԷԼĽǶ棬ΪԷõĳĬĻʱִ˵ʱ˵ɡ
ʱ̫ˣȥ
˿ߵʱִ˵
ʱִ˵ȥׯ԰ͺá
ִԣʣ㲻ѧУ
ʱһ㶣ŷӦʲôƵģ˵ţΪΪûΣȥҽס
ִмֲȻĿɨʱӡ
㲻A𣿡
ǰ·Ϻƣִͣ£ǰβ˸ĵ˵Ϊʲô˼ѧҵϣ
ѧҵϣʱظһ飬Ǳἰ£ʲô˼
˵꣬תִǺִһȽ˼
ʱһ˫ԲЦ
ʱһС
ִޣҲδйȷ糾ᣬʶ


4 
ִ磬´μ
ɫγׯ԰ǰͣ£ʱӳѳŹǰִ˵
Źϣʱ㿴ɫͺպͣٵʻ·ڣ·ֵˡ
ׯ԰ƻзǳĸС̻޽÷л԰ʱ߹Ȫܣһ䣬㵽˳ʫõס
ׯ԰ȫǶʱţָƽ˾סˣ֮ǰִദʱǵʧܵžͽϵЬӵŵҵЬϺ󣬷Ьü˫Ůʿ߸Ь
㣡ʱһ¥ŲӳɤӺһЬߵ˱ԣԼһ֡
һڱ̼¶ǣ¥ұ㱻ƿˡ
һϤףҳʫ齫ʮͷͣһˬĵȹһְţ̽Ӷ¥µķʱ֣ء
ʱڽĿֺ꣬ѱһţ㡰⡱¥
һű㿴Ů˶Ǿʫĳ͡
ʫ齫ָһŮʽ̣һߴ齫һ
㹻ƤɳλŮһλڰһλͿָͣʱʱЦţ֪ʲôԡ
ǿʱţ㶼̧ͷһۣеѽСʱ
ʱߣûȴյǰأͱ齫ϵޱѩ첲һ§ס˲ӣϣСʱԽԽƯ˹ýúơ
ʱ⧲һ§һͱޱѩӡһ촽ӡӡ
ѽѩޱ㣡ʱͲôãʱޱѩĸ첲һ˵Ӳѽ
ʱСƢǵȺŮ˲죬һŰ׾СӡϿںôһˣèƵġ
ûʲô˵ǵ齫ϼŮ˶Ц
ۿʱóʫſ˵ˡ
̧ʱôˣôġ
ʱߵʫߣƤǴܣϲңҲǰģô찡
ųʫã㽻Ҷ˰
ʫòҲ֪˵˭˵̧꣬ۿ˷ʱһۣôģ
ʱΪʫǲţóֻҪ֤ԼôҾôĵİԼֻҲˣҸûǸ˼
ڳʫðѷʱִܸ֮ǰѾǰԷʱѵʱ˹ȥѧû뵽Щִ˵ûʲôЧ
һȫ˵Ķʮ仰ʱָŵرȻţʰģִ
š
һ㡣
Ϊʲô˼ѧϰϣ
Ǳʱģ㶺֣ʫҲֳϸ΢Ц⣬齫ִڷʱϣһģˣˣôꡣ
Ҫִ֪ĲȤĺбϡ
ʫ˵۸ڶŬŬ
ŷʱԼϣҴѣҳȥظ绰
ʱûʲôֿ˳ųʫõĶˡ
ðɡ
ʵǴ齫ʱͿˣһ齫һţղŵɧίͳͳʧˡ
ʫ绰ʱ䲻̣ʱƫӮѣڼޱѩǲƴڻ
˵ǲƴڻʵǵЦʱʱ齫ϴɱķǵʢ
ȳʫ绰÷ʱλˣЩδġ
ҽã£㡣
һ˫ˮè۶۰ͰţǽʮģɳʫòһףߴٵⶼˣԼϢʫ˵ֶ˶٣˵Ǻ
ʱʱʮʫõĻġ
ʱʫܶ齫֣ȴǲ鲻Ըˡ
Գʫõѣʱųǻش˵֪ˡ
ʱҪ뿪֮ʱʫֽס
ˣѧУԱҴ绰ˣ̫ûȥѧУˣʱȥѧУ¶¶ɣȥҪˡ
ʱһɧŸЧõűϣʫöûʲô
ŷʱ뿪ң齫ϵ齫Զ齫սϴơ
ռλǣ߸ܵˣ
ղŷʱͳʫöԻҲûǣǼλ͹ϵʱҲụͨԴѶϢ⼸λ˾һ
ޱѩԲɹ˹ǣĿɨʫ˵㵹á
⻰˵õѰζ֪ռλӻ÷ʱ
ޱѩԼһ齫ȥ˵λǿѿеӲͷôģ
ʫ÷Ƶأûҵ£СӹҼһɾͲඡ
ô򵥣ܵʲôֲǲ֪һǵ˼ᣬˡ
ʲô˲˵İ⻰˵˼ҿǸˡʫʲôЦĻҡҡͷ㲻Щ˰µʱǻֳĳ̶ֳϵĿݣǵʱܱģмںϼƽϣҲϳƤ
ޱѩһۣɸ̾նҲɣҲûٳı
䣬һֱʹ¶ûзԵͻȻ³֣Ѫ档
齫ȻһΧ¶ȶ
˸о崺ĳʫãҲǡ
ΪʫøеȻʫòΪˡ
ޱѩʱ򿴳ʫɫϽһ첲⣬ԲϹ˵ʲôغأ۵ܵأ
ҲϽ˵ղ¥ºȶ˰ɣա
齫齫һ򡭡
ܷʱѧУǳϳʫÿˣ㲻òѧУȥһˡ
Ҳϣı
ȻѧУһӵǮз־ϵѧУ
Ϊȷʵ̫ûѧУʱҽʱҴš
ȱεѧУ԰̫٣ҲûѧУｻʲôѡ
ʱҵԺһţʦʱСʱֻ
໹пΣôʱҲûҪٻׯ԰ˡ
ʱѧУʳô˷ûû뵽ѳԵ˷ָھеܲˣѷ֮󣬾׼Ϣ
ʱҵѧУ¥¥ҵԼеţԿ״ź߽ȥ
ȷʱԼϤλãҵԼʱԭͲô˿̱ø
ѾǿаռˣذڷһЩˮ滹һЩϴƷʲôģֱǰﵱ˴ҹõ
ʱĿɨϰڷŵ߰ĶԽԽգǰŭͷԭҪϵĶȫƵȥȴڶǰһ̣Ǽλѡ
òһλ˸һҲĶһҪԼ֣Լɴ򲻹
ʱһȭͷ߬߬
ûҧš顱һ죬Ⱥѻˡ
֪ûΣʱоһ֮ɢĹζȺѻζ
ҲǣƵĻסˣҵЬӶ˶ĺζһЩϻڲڵطŴ̡
ζܻţ
ʱסׯ԰ʫõĶа䱸Ƚ·ϵͳʱﶼͥԺش
ܷʱЩһѧУǴͷһݳƷƷߵþׯ԰ķʱѾȺѲһˡ
ʱĿɨǣһСţΪǳؿڣ˭ǰѶϵģ
ʱڷʱѧУʱһƬʱȺͻȻֵķʱҲܾȡ
ʱ˳ȥһտѧʱѧУסһ£ԴӰȥס󣬱㾭ԵȱΣڲǳ£˴Ϊףȥѧʱ¶˸ûŹӰ
ˣʱҲôҲգռҲӦİ
˭֪㻹Ϊ㲻أһʱƵʱǺ
ʱͷϣ⻰˵ֻҲˣԱ֪ͨ𣿡
׳˵ʱǰһָ̧˵̰ЩͨͨߣȻȫǶˣŲţ
˵ʱҪסòҪûԼĶҲǲߣֻǷʱ̬ʵջ
˵˭Ķ˵һ飡͡һ⻰Ͳˣ㻹ȫˣҶһԣ
͡ǷʱǸ˸ѣʱŸԼһͷĶԷû뵽ôҰǿռĵط
ʱĻüֱȫʧ̧һӣͰֱֱ˶Էؿڡ
ɲɣ͡Ԥͣ˲䱩ǰһ;ʱ졣
ʱʱŵôû֪·𣬳˰㶼ⲻ𣡡
÷ʱ˵ҲܴӷʱĴŴ￴һټĿ÷ʱһ͡
ǱԷʱĸݾ˲²⡣
ʱǺô򣬾˺β
ȺϺңҪǸҶһָҪǺÿ
͡ͷ̲ס𣺡˭ϺŲţ
ۿԽԽΧ˸Ͻеȥ͡ŷʱ֡
ˣˣ磬ǲһʶ
ò׽˷ֿʱһɿȻһæ˼Ķץ
һزӿһͨʱ侲ʶԷѹԵƣ˶ڡ
ʱͨ죬Լ죬ǣһ䣺㣡ǵĶߣ
ʱ˵仰ʱΪʲôβԵЩ
ֱ͡üֿʱһ˫۵ɵûԲΪҧƯµһƬ糺츲ǡ
˴ͷβǶرһղһֱ˱ǵ㡣
ۣ͡һ䣺Сǡ


5 
뷽ʱԤܴǣȺѲûаǵĶԼߣɥذҲáᡣ
иʫõУʱѧУ뿪ʹʧҲѧУ
ʱȥʱеĻײϳʫãϾ˵ҪѧУϿΣҪԼᱻ顣
ʱڿһᣬΪѧУʳûôԺãǵ˼ܺõƷ⡣
һˢֻһ߰С¶ǡ
Сʱֻ󣬿ɫӿȵˡ
ʱ仹磬׼ȥ
ʵʫæִ齫ʱ齫ֱˣһҲжʱûˡ
ʱ䣬˼ڳʫøŵġ¡档
ʱ뵽óִֻĶԻ򣬿ġ簲عûеõκλӦ
ʱЩйؽֻؿڴżԱưɡ
ưλҵнֺһƫƧĵطλһ㣬װ޵ñͬưҲʲô
ʱ㰴˵ưɲôӪҵġ
ʱưɺȾƵġ
Ŷ룬ʱ·ưɺİȥưķˣǼƾϳλͣδһѺõơ
Ŵ򿪣ߣû¼¥ݱ洫һЩܵ죬¥ҲſưԭǬ
һС͵ĵ¶ĳ
ʱɢɢмڶϣʱҡӵĵƹⲻôãеƫůɫ
ȻʱСͶĳΪȶģֻϲ齫
ʱòǼעģֻǶЩͽĿⶼϵ档
ʱҲСһ·ûʲôע⡣
¶ĳ˵Į̇ǰŸ첲ʣϰ壬齫λ𣿡
̧һĿסϵıӣ氡齫Ȼλ
ʱ齫һˡ
齫ĽСʱţƽʱֵСѣϰһֱļֺеĸҹӸ硣
֨¡һű򿪣齫һȱһϰһ·ŷʱȥ
齫ϣʱЩѣѸִȵһϵ߰鶼ͳͳ׵Ժ
¿ͨôɷʱ齫ʱɫ˿ɲֹһ
ģһֻèƵġ
ͬ˿ӣ̲סĿе㻹һ񣬶Լ齫ơ
ʱ齫Ͽνר־ؽЩģһŲᡣ
齫ʱ÷ɿ죬ʱôãǱûô
û뵽䵽󣬰ԼϵǮˡ
ʱԭҪ㲦ȥ绰һȻʫܸոתһ㻨ǮӦʫûѧУҲû齫һ磬Ǯˡ
ʱָڳʫõֻͣ룬һ˼󣬻ƿˡ
ˡʱ齫վ˸첻ˡ
ӵ齫Щѵ˵ߡ
ϰ忴ˣ죺ôˣӣͽˣ
֮ǰʱ򣬷ʱͨҲǳ¡
ˣʱôãֲϰǰ¶ӡ
˾ýĳ۷ʱδ˵һתѹǰӣǲͷе
û£ҶǱ㻨ǮɣǮⰡûиȽ㣬үΪ׼
棿ʱԭҪ˦ȥĶֹסƳ˶ԷһۣɵؿŶԷôôĽԼǮ档
Ȼ
ʱ˼Ƭ̣֪뵽˺δ̽ʵϢ
ϰ尵ŷʱȻһ
ʱһӲɳôߣôȥǮⲻǸʲô
ʱȻһ˫δۣǶڸ֣Ǻģ֪õĶ
ԭͰдԼ˾Ȼôڣʱﰵ˼䣬ŶԷԼĿɨԷϵĽ첲ϵԭѿڶԷĻǿȥ
ֻƵ¾䣺˵˽ûˣˣ
ʱصׯ԰ʱ򣬿ŵƣʶʫڼ
ƿʫһϮɫȹû£ɳϣۣױ޾׵һϸֳڵƣ֮ɫ
ʱʣ㣬ôȥ¥Ϣ
һҪȥʫûشĿ䵽ʱϣȥѧУˣ
齫浽ڲŻķʱ治ɫĲػش˵ǰһѧУ
ʱ㣬˹ȥҲɵɳϣŸ첲ס˳ʫõԴҲꡣ
ʫδֹ߳İϷ̧ʱȵ
ŵʱϵ̾ζԼƯ飬Ҳֶֻذһɢͷ£˶
ʱ̰棬ôϲأ
ʱԣ׽Ƶ˵Ͳϲҡ
ʱ˵ôϲôϲء
Ǹͬ
ʱ¶˳ô֪㲻˵û̸𣿡
ʫöԷʱģΪ֪ԼǡִڷʱϣҪ֪𣿡
ʱû˵ףͱʫƿˡ
ʱ䵽ˣҪˡɳһȹӣһ߸ʱ˵ҽܲ϶Ļð
ʫ˵꣬ţһûվȣλεһ¡
ʱæȥǣô˽㣬岻ȻڼϢɡ
ûϢãû£˼ҶԼˣôˬԼ
ʱųʫõӣͷһǻ˼ľ£ɫµģ
ʫƺǾܵⲻµÿЦƿ֣ЦŷȻأɽ𣿡
顱һ죬ǳʫ뿪ŵ
ʱıӰʧڿһ
һֱʱرݳʫãʫ÷ǳòִƺ÷ʲôֻǼ򵥶һָЦһЦЩǮ˾ͻԶߣ֮Ľ鱦
ʫȨɫϵ֣ʱΪʫӦһֱ̬ҹ岻ʻָеǳӦ
񱾸úĳʫãҲͻȻҪһЩ
ʶһķʱһ̼еԼƺӦΪĽֵһЩʲôֿʼָ˵ɧִĻģʽ
ܵĩһСꡣ
΢΢䣬ⳡҲߵĩβ
ʱ㻨ǮҲûſڸʫҪֻڼϷ
ר־ٿĻϵСˣͷŴʱڴͷϵֻͻȻˡһһ¡
ʱʮգʱٴӭִټ
ִڷʱʮǰ͵ġִ磬Թº԰¿ˣҪҪһȥɢɢϢظˡá
ʱϷֱ£嵽ԡԼϴһ¹ǰʼѡ·
óһ㣬Ȼֻʫյģʱֶסһҧȥһ̿㡣
Ͼŵ룬ִº԰ſڿǽλãվŵȴԼķʱ
һİпͨĴ壬·¶ϥǵǳɫ̿Եխһ˫ɫ˶Ьһſģ۵˵ǸҲš
ֻתʱڣԣ¶Ƚ磬Щ䡣
ִΪʱǶԼƫ⡣
ƺǲߣִʱԼһۺ󣬱СŹˡ
º԰޺֮ǰ𲢷Ǻܴ
پĿǰʱ߹·ֻ˼Ȫʯ·Աֲļùӵľ
ʱִ޺õĹ۾·ߣû߼Զִ͸оʱǲСһһֱ
ִûзӦҲûп㿪ʱǹץסִ֡
ִоԼߵкһ
ִʱоʱֻ֣ϺԼϢʱÿ䶼Ҫءѽ֮ʣᷢһЩ밵ʾζʮ¶ǵͼƬʵнӴֹḡȴڵı׾
ϸ˵Υִͣ룬žС͵ѣ죬ʹģоֹҲ˸еڱ档
ִ˼ʱǣֵķʱͣס˽Ų
ִĿ䵽º԰һҵͤǼܡ
ִ磬Ա𣿡
ִϲЩĶûش͸оʱɿ֣Ѿ˱ڡ
ʱǰ沢ûŶӣûöʱһһ˳سվִ
㡣
ִһ衣
ʱƺǼϲЩ̫ʳִѾԼ֧ȥһСˡ
ǷʱԱʱı̫ܣֳǿɫغǾĶǳζҲпǷʱִߴ԰
ִ޿޲ɵ쳢һڡ
һȥִüͷܿͬԤϵζǳ㾫ζҲŨұʱҲڻˣԥ̧־ҪͰȥ
ʱٶżæŵסѽ㲻ϲԸѽҲ̫˷˰ɡ
ʱȥקʱִѾڻıŪˡ
ʱִ֡ʱѾԲãץԼķʱ
ʱʱִԼ֣һ㶣̧ۿִǲ֡
ڻ˵ıִֻ֡
ִŷʱϱѿ硣
ʱƺʱʶԼ˶ð£ʲôȣû¡ʪֽͺˣŶǰ滹䡭
ʱĿİĻû˵꣬ͱˡ
԰ɡ
ִͻȻ˵
ְѱŵ˷ʱǰأ㲻˵𣿡
ʱȥӣȴ㿪
ִٴοڣôԡ
ŶʱӦһƤ̧ȥԷɫȴֿʲô
ûйϷŪ˼ʱ룬ֻԼӹȥŪ֡
ʱţսִ֣һСغ̽ʣµı裬ȴһСִ֡
ִʳָʪһ˲
ʱ̧ͷ˵һǸȴղŻҪԵִͻȻ̧֣ı˦Ͱ
ִоʱر޿ɾҩͬʱʱҲĵ׸ִʱҲͦĪġ
֪Աˣͷһ¶Ǻ󣬷ڷʱԺ
ҹмǿôһĵθǵȺ׺ľˡ
ʱվȴִº԰ϴֳ
ºˣȥĥĥǣִ֣ԷҲġ
ִоʱԽԽ߹̳ʱ˶Ҫߵϡ
ִŵƫˮζʱƺҲǾԼеִ·ʵеܲˣֻɪɪ˵Բִ磬ʵǡ̫ˡ
Ⲣǻѻʱ¶룬紵ñ
ִͷº԰谵·£ʱϥǡ
ζִջߣ̲˵ûϵ̳Ӧûйţ߰ɡ
ڹ԰˶ʮӲ˾͹̳
ʱû뵽ִԼ·̳һ·ǩһļеΣ̳һ·ϲ
ȴ̳ʱѾˣִҪͷʱȥ
ʱοɳִۣ˵ŵAſھͺá
ִ͵Aſڣʱ³ʱ·Ӹʻƹ
ִѳִʣôˣ
Ȼض飬ô˼Գִ󷽵ִЩʲôء
ʱʱ۾͵һԴִһڡ
̫ͣ׳͵Ϯļƣ׼ͷǿԵģ׵е̫ˡ
ִһ˲ӦʱղŶԼʲô֮󣬸Ҫ̧ȥͿķʱߵ
ллִ硣
һ崿ӡ
ִѳȥˡ


6 
AУſʻִת˽ֵ·
A󸽽ѧ٣ʹʱ㣬ѧҵ㳡С
ǰӵ£ǡǰһƣԭǰеĳͣ£ִҲֻòɲӵ·̿ߵʮӣִҲû֡
֪ǲǴִоԼϱʱ͵Ϯĵطһɵı㾫ζ
ִͣǸеһ˿꣬ѳһЩҪ͸͸
ʱִĿĿĵһƳʱͣס
ӺӾղ͵AѧУſڵķʱӶֽ˳·ʱŲƺȸԾŵǽִݳƷƷƵľ޴logo
ʱA뿪ˣֻ˵ûȥ
ִĿںӾϣޱؿŷʱӰʧ
ִͣóֻԼ׿˸绰
绰׿Ǳ߾ͽ
ιܡ
ִĿӺӾջأʱѾֱӵҲˣǰҽӴĳʫû˵Aĵܷܵʱ
׿ǱмϤеܿܣλŮʿ֮ǰѾ𣿡
ʫദѾý׿һʫõʱִֻǴҴҹһۣûôϸ
곡ϷһӴִֵַģԿԷԼҵԺУ֮ĺ󣬿ûʲô⣬͸һˡ
о̫ԣٲһ飬ϸһ㡣ִ˵
ǰƵʱִ𲽣Ը飬Ҷ˵绰
ͷʱ˳ڻصׯ԰ͥԺʱûƣʶʫûû
˿ֻʱѾ賿
ʫûкѶϢʾҹأŵɳϣԼɳִֻ·ȴųʫûøҫһ
һԾϸսһ⣬ȲҪʦҫѧ
賿㣬ɳϲС˯ŵķʱѡ
óֻʫûȴûиϢˡ
һ־ɥ;ŷֵľ⣬ʱڷűѹеεӡž޴logoŽŲ¥
֪һҹΪ̫º԰綳ˣɳϲС˯ֻ߶߶С
֮ڶķʱһԴ裬Ҳͨˡ
̺ҳ¶ȼƣһ֣֮˵ա
ļ꣬ƻнֵԵҶ˲١
˲ٵ¶ļг׸
ĩִƷᡣ
ƹ˾˾Ҫյ¿Ƽܶꡣյ¿ƼͿŴȥͿʼһЩƷĿɹ൱
˴ηٿ֮ʱִʱЩţǸ˷ɻ˹ȥ
ʽʼִǰţؽԼʱλò΢Цý巽͹ڴк
ƷǿֽͷϷĿ̨ܼϽ⣬޴Ļг
Сʱִ̨°꣬ʱд볡
ϣΪεȲƷУҲΪڴ˴βƷзв͵Աǧ𣬴칦硣
ִٲҪġ
һЩȦ̸۽ƱյִеЩƣ⿪ſӡ
ִĳ˵ϲϲֻǽΪһ֡
ŵĸܲǰִʱԶԷЦЦ˳
ӹԷ²ݹľƱִҲܸӵضƱһ¡
ǣⱭƼһմ죬ִͺܿʶ˲ԡ
ûκιķӦŸ߽űֻԲ΢һٺִܿһ̧֣ƺȥ˴롣
곤ִʮĿܣϲЦտִļ˵˼ִĻ
ʱִӻ᳡뿪绰Ը׿ԼķɻͽľƵꡣ
֪ʲôڵȴԼִδȥס췽ѾΪźõ׷
׿һЧʷǷ绰ҶûãִֻϾյ˺Ϣ;ƵϢ
ҹ׿õľƵִ֮ԡϴһԶƽϴԡʱһˮشԡ߳
ͷʪȴûȥֻë򵥵زˡ
׷ֻ̨ƣƹ谵ԡشǰƤɳϣһ֧̣شǰŸ¥ĵƻ˹س顣
Ƶǰƹյõ磬ִһ¥һλ˺ȵŤŤҸű¶Ů߽Ƶꡣ
һִ֧̺ϴ˽ĵڶ衣
ڵڶδԡҳ֮ʱִ˯ǰͻȻоԼûҪһЩҪ顣
ϾһڼҷϽһЩƳϵҵöصسԼôԼҪصرͬʲô˴ŵء
ԼǸͬ޷ҵòص㡣
ִڷɻƻлʱӵŸܲõĵ绰
Ϊִŵִûգ㼴ʱ绰οʣʾԼûж⣬ϣܾơ
ִʾûйϵҸлд
أˡ
صƻУִһ鿪ʼǰ㿪뷽ʱĶԻ򣬿ԷϢһҺƬ
ƤϸֱϣŹ뽺ΪƤְ𪣬׿óѪܡ
׿ʱպŽִֻĻ
õĽĲƷϣܹĿ
ִᡰšһڽ׿ϾҪת˳ȥʱֽס
ϴйطʱͳʫýܵĸϢôˣ
׿ŲͣסشѾˡ
ִĿ䵽Ļϣһ˵ţô
׿ԭߵġ˻ȥΪִھҪ˼
׿ƽ壬ҳϢ
ʱʫöǹ¶ǵһҹ¶ԺʶڷʱͳʫʮһʱͬȺ
ʱʮһ꣬ʱͥϪأĸ˫ûй̶Ӫһ˽˳Уʱĵڶ꣬ĸһкʱϵʱͳʫϵΪûϸжְסУ𽥴ĸͥ룬ڼʫöδϵĿǰƻְУΪֹǳʫڹ
ʫõͥϵʱ˻飬ѧ󣬸渻زƻУݸ°ѧУȥӢѧԺ۽ܣϼŵڿһ롭
ʫõϢεʱٲΰ룬ٱеıҵԺУġ
ʱ˵ԱУʮһ֮꣬⼸ȫϢ
ִֺܿӽ׿ṩЩѶϢȡؼ
һǣʱȷʵǸ
ǣʫúȻ÷ʱԼ֡
ִݴ˿һƭֶ飬ΪһԽݸе쳣ơ
ǣֻľʮֺЦЦһ¡
׿վִ࣬ϵĪЦʱ㱨Ϣֹסһ˲
Įһ̨ϵĻʱԸתִԶƺûʲôζ˿ܻΪһЦˡ
ʵǡǡ෴Ϊִ׿ʵʶִܶЦݣЩԾʱίߵЦԺЦýʱʿЦҵǰºƵЦ
ǴûһЦڰ㣬¶ʮȵյ¿Ƽ칫е䡣


7 
ţһΪʧء
ʱӶ¥ʱﶼл֮ȥζŨǳ
̧ͷϸȥɳŵĳʫڳ̣һСȦɢ
߽˲ſʫǰ̻ҸѾƨɡ
ʱȥŵͱ飬һ³ʫõɫʵôˣʲô£
ʫ̧Ƥһۣش˵ûС
⡭
ʫ˳ŷʱĿȥڵ׼Ҫˡ
ʱһ˲Ϊʫʵ񫲻СģʱʱѧʱھͿʼˣʱ̫ϲζȰ˵̣Ƕ֮
֪ʫôͻȻͨҪ̡
ǷʱǺܿ˵Ǻܺð˵к
ȻΪ˽ʫʼ磬ָŵһ̵ƨɰ̻Ҹඡ
ʫ˵꣬ɳ˸·ʱʱ̧ķʱƨɡ
Ҫȥ죬ʱԼڼչ˺Լ
ԭЩӳʫþ;ҹޣھȻҪߣʱæ׷˵ȥѽ
ȷʷɹɡ
Ҫȥ𣿡
ʫõ˵ͷǰ
ʱʣѣ
ʫášһ
Ȼô͵ˣʱ̲ס
Ǵγʫ˵ҪȥɫĿ굽ڲŶã˾ȻҪȥˡ
ʱûа취ϣׯ԰ķʵ̫ʵʫòʱԼһסе£ǿʫΪǸ˽̵Ӿ֪ʢ뷳ԷѶԷߵҪþá
мԵĲޣǷʱɫҲһ°ǲʾرʾʵҲҪˣҾǻûü˵ء
ʱͳֻڳʫǰ˻Σ㿴Ӧȥء
ʫһأüĲһǲɢһԼִԹĲ
ʫ̧ͷʱһNɪ񻹵Լ˵Щʲôʫֻѹͷһ˿ɣֻɺϡ
ʫ˵صĽǹ㲻Ҫǵ㡣
ִʱʱѾԤõλãҵ˲ͣר־ÿһд
ƺ˽Ųʱ̧ͷִӰæֻյһȥ
ִ磬
ִšһʣ㵽ˣ
ûãûáʱ˵ִøոպãǸհѲ롣
ִɨ棬Ʒûʱǰһɫ޵ƷѾȥһࡣ
Լߵ𣿡
ѽڼеû˵꣬ʱͻȻӦǹգһҪҲһ£ִˡ
ûΣ
ʱִǹһܵĻȣ沿ƽʱЦʱ˺ŨصıĸоʱŷʱûôºͣԵеЦЦ˼
ûϸִָֻܿ˱飬촽һ㻡Ҳ¡
·ղֻǴ
ʱԼβҪİǣǣѧڿαȽ١
ִȴǸûͷԼǰĵ注̲˵԰ɣôãöˡ
ʱȷʵˣʱҲ˲ٶ˵ʲôҲ׼õĲ;ߡ
ִ磬æ𣿡
С
֮ǰǸŵݳ¸»ٿһʱҪҪһȥ
ûʱɡ

ʱʱ򵥽䣬Եһ룬ʱһǹʱͻȻղûüһա
ʱеΪղûڵһʱдԶڹеĳʫöеһ˿ź
Ƿʱǿʱִ̧̧ۣ˿ʱģֽķԱּһݡ
ʱʱִŤŤ˵е˷ˣҲһܳԵꡣ
ûϵִ˵
ʱֻϢĿյɿһƬڵڶݽǹԶ飬ͣ
ִͣ״һʵԱˣ
ʱ¶ı飬ش˵Ժˣ
һ룬ִǰĸ߽űһ̧첲Ķ£ֱֱ
ǳùǣǾˮ泯ʱȥġ
Ȼģȴûע⵽ִľƱȴֿǰطмλá
ʱ䱻ˮȾһ˲ľкվ
ִܿ˵ǸҲ첽óֽæá
û¡ʱԼʪӣ벻֪Ȼִʱ磬̳ѾΪܴѣ׼
ִ磬е䡭
ʱһֱ¶ȵĲش˸¡
𣿡ִȥ¥ϻһ·ɡ
ִʱ飬޷Էıݣ˵ˣϴδȥ·Ǽҵ¿õԱԤ˼ҵҵô
ûзʲôͬʶ£ͬĲִóʫõСѷʱ˲¥ϵľƵꡣ
𣬵ԱҪһʱ䣬ҪҪϴ裿ִź׷ɳ£ʷʱ
ʱʵһžͿ׷ԡܴԡףֿ̧شƻ貵ĳҹ
һȦջһ׷ֻĻ·е˷ѡ
ʪֳڸ첲ȷʵô
Ƿʱش˵á
Ӻ󣬷ʱԡѵԼ·ԸԳɽղžʹܶ۵ĳԡס
˶ʮӺ󣬷ʱһشԡԡ۳
ִ磬·Ҫܵ
䣬ʱ˲ʶ˲ԡ
׷ĵƱˣֻشĶƺʹǰıڵơ
ʱһ˲ĿмɵؿųԼ߹ִ
ִߵԼǰʱ򣬷ʱԼǲǸղ̫ãִַ̧Լ󲱾΢ֱһºȻ
ϴˣִʡ
ִ磬ʲôʱʱӲһ£ǿûһһһ顣
ʱͻȻͻͻɵӣʱصִľٶһڱһ¡
ʫ˵ǶԵģִȷʵͬ
ǡ
ִ˵ϣһֱ
˵أʷʱúİظʱʲôһҪʲôġ
ʱһڿˮִѹȵһͻȻǰһ˹ȥ
ִܿʶʱμʹֹ̧ˣڷʱԼ֮ǰִԼļͷһ¡
ִ˵ҪûбҪ顣
谵ĵƹ£ʱִߴӰʲô鶼ûУֻӸµؿԼϵװ׶ûѡ
˿̣ڷʱһı£еʧȥģĮҲʼЩƣôˣ飬㻹ûü𣿡


8 
ʵô˵ִִһʮѸ㶨ͣͲʺΪʱֲؾġš
ֺܺʱʱţҪٵʱЩɴݻһ֣òҪȫݻٵʱ̬ĳʫѡС
ִʼӴʱ֪һԼ¹ˣɫȨֻԡȨȤ֮ǰЩûþҪȣȫһ֮࣬ԵģʫִҲԽ١
ִǮˣǲǴƼңΪʫõƷͰ򵥣ǲܵƾļ򵥽Ӵ͸ʫ÷ͳ
ִܹõĶڱθڵĳʫ￴ǳޣѷʱƸִʱ򣬿еĲǶԷܸ跽ʱǮͶҪǿִ˻úǼƽϡ
Ͼ֪ܵǸôģͳȥĲ˵һˣ˭Ҫںƨɡ
һʼʫ֪ʱĳɹִϵ˼λм־ȣֿܵܺԼҫʱһֻɻβ͵è
ת뵽ڷʱȷʵƤ಻һëƯ
ִ̬ڿһֻƤëɫߴߴлȸϾʱͷۣˣǲǴǲȥֻĴġ
Ի̬뿪ĳʫã֪˾һ𣬵ܾúܾ֮Ҳ벻ͨ
ִ˵ΪʲôͻȻͣҪϾϳƤ
˵൱ҵһҹ
ӷʱִǾ仰ٳδãִһһĮƺҪתȥʱһҧԡۿʼ
һзػִ̫ˡ
ִǱԽ̼ܵһһױƭķʱԼǰҪƭԼʱЩҪѵԷҲ
ȷʵǴִԭļƻ
ִôⷽ汣һ˼񡱵ҲΪһе񱡣
ԭý׿ʱʱһġ
ҹʱϵı֣⵽˰ĵĳ̶ȡ
컹һΪãϾʱǽһ𡭡
ִһ룬һ߹صԡˮ
ҹֻ˯Сʱȴ˿δƣ룬ʵδˣֻǷʱ޵̫ˣȲѲͣ¡
ִԼϵˮԡ߳϶ʮǰ׿
Ͽһۣʱֻ۾ţ˶ڱͷɢţ촽ʧȥѪɫ֪ʲôʱѡ
ִŷʱſʮƬ̹ǰվǰֽ̧Լϵһŵ˴ͷϡ
ִʮ¥׿Ѿͣ¥µȡ
ִϳ󣬽׿ʻյ¿Ƽ¥
ʱʱѾʮ롣
۵ʱԴ۾ɬǳ·Ǳװһо۵ĵط̫һʱֱ治ʹ
ʱӴϼѵǵطǽߵԡŽŸԡķ棬һ룬ԡδ͸ˮһӡ
ˤϥڰ״שϣ첲ûסʮǱصԡ
һ°ˤǰ󷢺ڣڵϻʮӣٴҵԼֽ
ʱһϴԼһڻ£ˮ۵໿ޡ
ϴ˸Ѳٵͷܹǿתִܿҹоԡ߳
ʱ죬δ뵽ߵĽݾȻô᫡
ײײӽݾûʲôʺϳ뷹
˵ϣҪ绰ߣȴһһڷڴͷϵĽһ۾
ʱſͷϰװѾҹ˵¿·Աһٴֱ
ִ֪׷ʱ˶ã֮ʱ뿪صʱ򣬿ͷû߹
һʮʱ·ɿؿһ򳵻ׯ԰
磬ʱʼӡ
ȽŲ㣬һ粹ûֻܵɫ԰ס
ϳ˼Ƭҩð̸嵭࣬ůůͺ˯£˵ڶǻָ
պ
ʱűӣڴϿƬ
û·ܲʼһЩ顣
ߣʱֽڱϣߩ飬Ͱ
۾ؿĻϵӰִĴ̫⣬ִ̫٣ûó׼⣬Ͼ
ʱ˫̧ĻϽһСˣǸеôǲӡ
ʱһߵĳʫƺڿʱСʱǰȥϢ
Ϣϵġ㣬Ѿˡ⼸֣ʫò˼̫ܲ㣬ҹߵ˯ȥ˸صĵطܴܵȥƵ
ڿƬķʱͻȻĵ绰һһǳʫãæƵͣȻ򿪵ƣͨѶͨ
ʫÿŷʱӣɲѣˣʲô
ʱﶼˣʱˣҲֻͦˣ̧һץճȭƣѾˡ
Ϊе΢ðűԵмƲ㡣
ʫһ˲ֿʱ̫õɫԺʱἰĲ·ҭס
ں֪ʶʱ⼸쾭ʲôĵܵڻߵ˽һ
˵ʲôʫ̾һǶǵ󣬳һ䣺ûˣ
ʱͻȻɫһ죬ܿҡͷϣûС
ʱȴֳʫĿϡ
ʱ˳ųʫõĿһԼϣһǳǳӡӡ
ʵ췽ʱԼ˯Ҫֻٴ˯Ϊ̫ϳߴ磬ֻ˯ʵСĸӡӡ
ʫʱмָӣʱʱ˵šһɣһСˡ


9 
ҷ䴲ҩƬ
ʱ˵ˣ㷿ҩϴξͱˡĻһüëѾԹˡ
ʱ̬ҪʫñԼչ˵úܺá
ǸӢĹӸ̬һüëܻԳһЩɵƦڷʱмϣͻ÷ǳײ࣬һֻͻȻһһüëҲһ˲
ǳʫôʱ۾𣿡
ûаʱʶش۾Ϊʱ䶢ĻƲ̫ԣỹһȷʵемɬˡ
˵ûУȴûס̧һ۾㣬㻹Ҫ
һʫøҪشȴԶ죬תͷһʱĴ˾ɨͷַɿת˵ˣϢ
Ǻͳʫһȥеڽ
ʱűͻȻҵѶ̲סƲƲ졣
ʱʱϢָ塣
ִȻһҹ֮󣬷ʱڵӵԷĵ绰
ִɽ׿ʱȥһ˽ҽԺȥ졣
˵ӣʱ˯ʢһ绰нѡ
׿ׯ԰ſڵӣ㿴һк߳＾峿¶Ͼʹһ¡
ΪǰʱϸԷϣԽ׿ţһ۾ϳ
׿ӳӭȥڷʱߵǰʱ򿪳š
ʱȻǻû˯Ƥǰķ˿Щʪǲִϴ£˶ֻ̫˵ظ绰ͷ˱Թ˵Ҷ˵ûвˣʲôҪ찡
׿ѳŹϣòҲ֪˵绰ͷ˭
Ƶǰ棬ʻλʻׯ԰ʱӺӾٿԷȷʵЩͼƬĻҪÿһЩ
׿ϰ˽κΣȴû뵽һⷽ治ȤִѡĻǷʱ͡
ˣ׿ֻ΢΢ۣмˡ
ѧ̰ĽٵķʱĻУǮŵСƾΣȴǳƵǺϸֵġ
ΪǰԤԼ׿ʱʮѸ١
׿ԭһԵȣʱ򿴵ʱѾѪȴϰ׼˿ȸĲ͵㻹ûͲ˱߷·ϡ
׿ʱѪɫе㷢ףȥȡҽԺײ͵͡
عɵ˽ҽԺ͵Ҳʮּ򵥣ζͨ
˼Ĳ͵㻹ûҽԺͣȵ棿׿Ķײ͵ݹȥʱѾ˶ԷܻᷢƢ׼
û뵽ʱӹȥ֮ײĶһˮûԣľȻ˸ɾ
ռҷʵ磬ռլ޽ƻеϳִִ泤˰ס·³ÿλլʱҪԽС
ɫͺҹĻʻռլլǰ޹һΣ仯ôֲһֱŹ̶͡
ʻդţִŴӳ
ռլĵߣһ޴ˮƴֱҫſƤɳ
ִִ֮ѾˣڿɳŶȡ
ִ߹ȥڽһ硣
ûִȴװǻƵи磬Ǹղǰͷվһһ̧̧ۡ
ϣ˵˭أԭִܰ濴ܵܣһЦһ˳ԶٷҪģ
ڣȷʵμ磬ִռլִûе
һسϲҺͰֽˡִǱδĻκֻ˵
ִԭҪ˵ʱƺΪյӶִ֪ͨѾǳ±ҵô¥ˡ
Ǹ׳ִִ֣涼ˡ
ҵЩʱ廹㽡ִӡҵûִڼӾιӾ
ͻһಡ󣬼ֹ˾ʱƴͿ˲ٵӣ״ֹ̫ۡ
Ϊˣ±Ӷ˿ʼϲˡ
ҵλ±ֲࡣ
ִִ˸ſ
ִִֵܶˣϿ̫
ִüмҵʱӰ⣬ҲκƵĵطִǷ޶ĽϣӵҵıӺ죬±üë۾
ĳЩʱִ룬Ҫ±һˮƽʵһֲĿ
ִǺæҵýӹ±ʢһСſѯʵ
ִ˵С
òҶ֪ǰʱңҿ㡣
ִϸֳº͵Цְ˵Щ滰ˣǵɼﹻĻӦöѧϰ
֣裬⻰ġִһţڽֶ꣬ܵܵ˵迵ǩһ󵥣
ִ˵꣬΢ʵҲǰոǩĺͬû뵽ִô͵Ϣ
ִɫɨ±
ôһϺ꣬ôİָ㣿ɱСıǿƭˡִ˵
ִʵ۸һֱܸӡ
ִֻ꣬£СʱҲлɸΪ浽һʱ򣬱ϾټķֻС
ִһֱִżȻ֪±ӵʱ
ڴ֮ǰִδһС
ΪִСʱʵǱƤ̫࣬˽ĳ±ͷִأδִ޺öֲҺ
ִλĳͷ¼ִһμֱ΢
ִˣҲпΪִٺߺҲЩȱȱ
ִô⣬ִĳжԱ£ԵЩͨˣϼҺͳ±ĸҵļӳ£ͨ൱õġ
ΪСڳ±Ѫ£ִ沢ûܵΪһǽİܼҸΪһ̫ȴҲ̫쵼ߡ
ҲпԵʣҵðܶγɹ̶ģϲҵִ棬һЩ˲ҵִ
ִԴ˲飬ֻҪִյ¿Ƽһ֡
磬Һò׻һˣǾͱĹ˰ɡִƽﲻ˵˼ѾԲ
ִ״ں㣬顣
ҵʱһתִ棺λôûգ
岻̫ڼϢˡ
ʱһֱûп˵ĳ±ſڣôˣ
ִ˵ûʲô£ͻȻ£Щðˣʲô¡
ҵʱֽĿƻִϣִҲСˣҵȶҲˡ
Ҹջ࣬
ҵȴû⻰ת±˵ˣϴǸͬѧŮ˵ӽͱҵ𣿡
ִһüͷһ壺֣Ůѧû¾̿Σ˼ҡֵܳȥ쭳ѧУͨȥμɶԣϻ˵ʲôˣҪִȢۼҶ밲ˡ
λʡҵ̴ͷ
±ʱ򿪿ڵϴǼҰݷõĸزݣŮǸպִ䣬ִͬһѧУ
˵󣬳±Ŀɨִ˵ȻҪĻҪִԼϲ
ҵúǺЦһû仰ȴ˵زתͣɼûġ
ǿŰŰɡִʱĿӷ£ҳԱˣ˾£ˡ
ʲôôæڼԶٷʱ䶼ûУ
ִƵسִ޶õƿӣȥ
㿴Ŀֳӣڹ˼ĶҰҿǡ
ִִҲԺ󣬽ˡ
ִֻʱһ£ͳǽ׿֪Լʱ챨淢Լ˽档
ִʱ챨棬ֻĻ
һӺ´ֻҵʱĵ绰˹ȥ
ִ磿
ִšһȻʣģ


10 
ʱƵ꣬ʱִɳϣǰһ̨ʼǱϵװױطһԣֻһڽ⿪ԼϾһ¡
ʱŶ죬ִĿӱʼǱǰƿˣɳʱ˳ֽԹϡ
ִͨ绰Ѿȥ˲ҪһСʱ
ʱ׼ִⷿԼãƮִ˵š죬·е¡
ִߵ˷ʱǰͷ䵽ϡ
ִûжԷʱ˵ʲôԱԣֻʲôǶԷþλֹǻ÷ʱеһεС
ʱִֻĿƮƮ䵽ϣʱȴĪһֱסĸо
ִ磬˼Ⱥܾ𣿡ʱǿسһǣҪչ¶һյЦ
˫ɫè۶ִ̧͵ײ뵽Էڳģû˿¶ȵ档
ִ¶ʲôǴ˿̷ʱԵز鲻̫á
ִ磬´βˡ⡭ڷʱִǽҲһЩʲô
ִȴƸûʱڽʲôĿڷʱϿϵģɫѰ̺촽ϡ
ţִ̧֣ȳ޳ָ޵˷ʱһº󣬱䵽˷ʱ촽
ʱ˲俨ǣ˵ˡ
ִʳָָڷʱ촽ϣ΢¡
ľٶڱбĿԼ֮䣬ôҲҪмɫζ档
ִ̫侲ˣʲôҲûС
ʱֻܸоִȵָ촽϶ݵᴥƿ
Ƭ̺
ûͿں𣿡
ִջ˿ɾָ⣬ԭɫ
ôͿں죡⻰мǵʱ̲ס˵ѵΪÿκ涼ҪױֲŮӣ
Ů
ִʱżؽŵԷϹŨˮζһ𵽼µ
Ůʿˮζ
ʷʱˮ
ִ˵ˡ
ʱ˲ͨ죬ɲִһƨɺõĽɫּϣ⵱ȻǣԼˮֻǾúܺš
ִܺšֻۣһڼԼƷ޿ͻһһ˵ȥϴ衣
ִڴϲִ³ʹʱˣҲ̸Ͼ̸º͡
ԴʱٰЩǣӵ
ʱϴɵϵʱصĴƣȥʱԡۡ
ʱоһ˫ȵĴַŵԼĴϣִǰʱʱǼʱʲôͻȻְִ账ƾףס
ִҪǲͷͣ£Ӵͷóһȫס
賿һ룬ִڴ뷽ʱ˵̫
ʱʱѾе־ˣͺˮһʱ֪ģִһʱ仹̫˼
ֱһ󣬷ʱʶ˵ʲôǳۣȥִ
ִȴЩͷֽסͷһֻȥקʱȡ
оʱѾ˷̫ʱˡ
û𣿡
ִʱͻȻصؿоʱǿΪʱ޵ִ̫üֵһưֲôĻֲỳУںʲô
һ硣
ִƵԡϴ衣
ƣķʱڴϣ֪Ǳԡˮѻۣ֮˹
ִʱ򣬿ʱһС㲵ڱƤûʲôذš
ˣִ·ߵ˴ߣԷʱ˵ҽ˿ͷһͽ
ʱ֪ûĲûпڻӦִ
ִʱ黹㲻мԸΪСƢ򵥡
ͳһſŵ˷ʱ
ÿµ³һʮſſѡִڴߣŷʱ˵һЩҪ󡣡
ʱʱ߬˿ָһЩ
м˻Ƶ׷ʣʲôҪ󣿡
浽ִ˵⣬ûкͱ˹õϰߣұֹϵڼ䣬㲻ٺ͵˾塣
ʱ̲ס﷭˸ۣ˵źһЩԲˣܺ͵˾ʲô
룬ȴǽĿһ£СʣбҪ𣿡
ִ룬Ŀֻصʱϣ˵ٿһ㡣


11 
ִ˵仰뿪Ƶ󣬷ʱҲӴˡ
߽ԡңһ˿ԡԼɾֳͷ˯
û취ϴӵĲʹġ
ʹʱصׯ԰ϢŻ
ڼʫѾлСĹ㹻ɳΧ
Լóʫûȡ
ʱҲΪǮʼعԭ
ʱνԭҲԺ֡ĸ֡
磬˯˱һ˸裬Լôͷ÷͡
ñ䣬˰ͷѡ·ڴ¾ǰȦȷԼһ͸¶ʢүɣŲ˽Ų߳ׯ԰Ĵš
ʱ£ʱھΥػصưɣҪ齫ϴɱķ
ְߵĺ;ʫǼŮ˶Ҳʱѧ˴齫Ӵ˶齫֡
ÿδ齫ʱ䶼÷ɿ죬ʱʱ
Ǵ齫ʱ䳤ˣȴǻᷢģʱʱ齫ϽʶСФͻȥưɵĸ̨̨Իǡ
СФ䲻󣬿ʮ˾ŵͣʱҲ֪ʲôģ֮ͷ˲ö֪࣬࣬ر棬СĳûĿ
ʱر˻һ𣬲Ȥʶ㣬ܴ档
ʱƽڸգ֮ǰɬȰֻͣһ䣬ǮˣСФڸּ۸񰺹װ޷ҵĲԷ
ʱļ򵥣ûʲô־ǮͿóԺʵûǮͻ飬ͻήҲǽҪήҪɢʻֻҪעΪǮ֣Ϳػ
һִ
ҲŤŤſںҪ㻨ǮΪô᲻һʳء
ʵ⿴Ʋ˼ǵҲһЩ̫С
ڴ˿̣ӣƷԼķʱֻʾģִľƵλϢʱ̾һеĵⶼʼһɿɬζ
ִֹϵѾ˿¡
֪Ϊ˫ͳֻ߲˵ִΪѾǮĹϵԷʱ̬Ҳó㣬Ŀȷ
ÿεƵʣʱƵĵַţԼԼʱ䡣
֮⣬ٺͷʱٽκζĽ
ִҲûٴʱȥֻᣬֻ߿ʲôӰҲʶʱǺһֻѡ
ιϵʱǰЩضԴֻڳʫŽһ۵У˳һĹᷢ
ִĲ飬ڴҲǣֻԼķйûκεʱûбչ˵ºΪԷĴϰߣҪŽƣΪԼϴ
ǾȻͽǮĹϵ
ʱֻڽִõǮɢɢӻһʱܴĵ׸ܵһ˿ů
˵ãֻǡ
ֻʲôأ
ʱʻƶ񤣬ûа취ܺõƼ򵥵ĽݾĲʸС
ʱʱԳʫäĿĳݣʹԳʫĿ֮ʫÿյ벻ʹʱ̫Ļ롣
ϸžǣıʹøкء
ÿɵϣִһƣִ㿪һǣִԵÿһʱָоͻء
ܸоִȫһйǱÿ¶ʮƷ
ִĴϣĺгĺг
ʱ붬ǷʱٰΣʱҲò˯¡
ӾƵʹһϻЩήҡ
ϴӲóӣԼһȿɿɣȻ˳ʫԱ߶ʫڿɳϰ׷磬ܵоһֻ˵СԱôλãҪһɳϡ
ʱ˫űӣһСڣ̫̣ȷ˲輸ϡ
ҿܲͬ
ʫʱʱ仹ΪԼǳʲô
ʫĿתʱúʣȷ
ʱ״̬ܻ㱣ûҹĹﻺ
ڳʫõļʱСкܲȺĴڣʱΪǸŮ棬ǵðＸ죬Щһ٣סУʱڸʫòֹһδ绰ԱϣᣬסɾĳŮᡱԸ
ഺʱʱûжԳʫ͸¶йذκŮ飬ȴһЩʱװ־ģĴйǳʧƫĵĵ
ʫôûһ̣÷ʱ᲻һͬ
⻰ʳں󣬷ʱҲǸоǳվסš
ϱ鲻˼˲ѹԳʫ¶ԼܼùķգÿܻһΡ
ʫõͷǺܸߵƵˡ
ǣÿΡʱ˵üͷţûס߳ܣս˳ʫãǿذѻ˵ꡣ
ĳԲһҲᣡ
ʱֱӣ뿪ʫöʱ˵
ʫգһ۾Ƭ̣ԼܻܵѶϢ󣬶ܿ˱飬һּ˴̬ʼ˵ȥʮѹֵĽ
ķʱļ򣺡һʱ䣬ʾȥͺˡ
ңҲϲˣʱȥ§һûбĿԸҽأ
ʫóֻĻϵ˵㣬Ȼתʱô
ʱһۣ۾ŲˣҪ̫ˣ
ʫֻأ
ʱУ㣬˵ʮˣ
ʫʱֻһ£һϢĻϷ󣬷ʱûü壬ͱʫֻȥ
ˣСʱѧۣѧϰӿ࣬ϲõģҪ׬ǮػҪģϵĲԸ⣬ģõԸ
ʫúѾĻ̲סܵܵЦһ˵ô¶أҲóˡ
վ˵˵ˣˣȥ¥ϻ·
ʫò̫ͷʱλ˵꣬ûʱڣϱ飬еί
ʫû¥·ʱ򣬿ɳϰԼȿɿɺˡ
𣿡
ʫϴϴ·һ޵ĳȹһ֯
أϢ
Ŷʱ˵ʧ仹ʲôģӦһ
һͣǵķǰʱӿشǰһװ˴ӳ
ӳʫõˡ
ʵϣڷʱׯ԰֮δʫôκ˻
Ǻʱɳߵ˿شǰһЩҪϸ˵ģ
ݴӳǰӵʫá
ʫ˳Ȼؽݵı䡣
װĵʮŷǳϻе̴ˮζʱⲻ֪ʲôһۺתʳʫã˭
ţ
ʣǸܵ𣿡
ʫʱݵʾ£תĿͥԺشǰǵĺӰ
һʶڵĶʫһ£ЦʲôδɵСС
·ƹ̫Ǹ˲ӰʱôҲ塣
ʱȴǽǸЦʱģ˸Уܵƹ谵ǸЦݵģûŨױĨȴķ֡
ʶأʱҲѧЦһ¡
ͷ˵ӰʧʱӲϿԼӰӣһЦˡ
ΪôЦûа취ģ³ʫõʮ֮һ
ʵóʫõˮûԼˮá
ֻľóʫõĶãϲ׷
ڷʱϪʱʫøƵ¿ֻΪǸСسܶͬѧĽĴڡ
༶ϲʱ᷽ʱ˶֪ʱһλǮĽ㣬УȷʱҵͻһȥĽǮ˵
Ϫط̫ƶˣϲʫö̫Ŭֻ΢΢¶Լճıɽһǣ㹻÷ʱ̾
ܷʱһЩʱڳ첻٣Ҳ֪ģ֪ڸ飬Ҳ֪ʱԴĹĿܲΪô࣬ⶼʫָͷ϶©Щ÷ʱѧ˾βͳ棬յıŵС


12 
֪ʲôʱ䣬ʱģģ۾ոհӳͫ׵ľҷװɫ
ǳɫ֪ʲôʱ򣬳һɫӰ
ͣ󣬷ʱȻһ飬˯Ĵʱ
군ˣ
롣
˲ŽŴӴ򿪷Ĵƣ۾Ȼ̼з۾ǿŲʿʼѰֻ
֪һ˯˶ã֮⿪ʼ˯ʱɫţǰĵĹ⾰һƬڰɫͷӿ̫ԤС
ʱ֪Ϊʲôֻû졣
ڴϷѰֻ󣬺ķӣڴԼѾػֻ
ֻϵ磬󣬷ʱʾʱ䣬Ѿߵʮ
ִݵļ϶ԼģԼʱϰ˵㡣
ׯ԰ִľƵнʮӵĳ̣Ҫǣʱͷ˯һûʰԼ
ʱӴѾ꣬ΪԷԼƵؽһЩĵΪִָպλпȱŻԸ뷽ʱĹϵ
ʹڷʱ˲ʲôڴִǺܿ췢ַʱͼ߽ݾǮûְҵ£ݶ͵
ΪΪִԼڲ̳棬ʱͻǰĵȴԼھƵ꣬ᾭٵʮ滹йĴҪִ
ִǰûкƽϣһΣִʱѾ˾ŵʮǷʱȴû
ŵʮִ֣ھƵеĻҪ꣬Ƶ귿ڱ졣
ʱӦ¥һ·Сܹ
ִ磬Բʵǲ˼
仰ִʵѾ̫飬ʱ˿Ѿڲˡ
ʱִɫͷ⡱һΪһʵǳٵ̫ãѾִȲѾ뿪ľ档
ʱһ·ü·϶û˼ǰʼҪʾ֭ЩҲĻĲǹ⡭
ִʱɳߵʱߣɫ䣺Ĵζǹ⣬ϴڼˣϴ岻ͻȻӣ·϶³һĳ·êˡ
ִһһϸϺŷʱЦЦ˵ôˣǰ𣿡
ʱЩѾǲˣִȴȻؼǵãһ߱һ߸е
һСʱʮӡ
ʱҲ֪ʵ̫׵ĳٵʱ䣬ͨ죬ͷ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱȴִȻ¼ϵװףҪߡ
æǰקסĸ첲н͵ִ磬⣬ֻ֪ôûػˡ
ִȴƺѾܹĻѻƪ΢΢üɨһۺ˵ˣԲ
ʱץִ첲ֱ𿪣Է߹ʱʱļ⧲һ£ԱһʱСײǽϡ
ʱһײˣһ̲۵ˣһҲײһЩִѾȣԶԶȥıӰôС
˵Ƿ֮ĵһìܡ
ʱΪȻԼٵдִ̫źôףԼôôӱء
֮ǰʱ򽲻ƣǮ˾ͿʼԼ˦ӣʲô˰
ϻףŪûꡭ
ʱưɺһСФļβƣϸִЩȱ㣬ʹִǸˣſԼ첲ϣڰ̨죺лᣬ쵰
ʱԽԽίƾͷֻ㿪ִϢԻžһֹͨȥ
ҲΪԼʲô˲Ǯ͸һǲǣǶ˼ʮӣôƢ㲻ͷңһźأ
˵ѽҪǸе͸ϽҵǸ
һ룬ʱԼϢԱ߿ʼ˺ɫ̾ţȻִˡ
ִȻǺ
ʱͷ裬ûعͱСФӰ̨ק
Է˵߰үȱһ͵أ
ʱĴٴηſˣ齫ǰڲôɥˡ
ʱ䣬ʵ̫á
ʱִõǮ齫ѾԽԽˣĳԽԽСĲղסֵġ
ʱ伸ֺ󣬾ͿʼĿˢǮˡ
ȫû뵽ִô飬ֽƽϣһССĳٵȻİԼĿҲͣ
ʱʱ֪ǱƾѬۻǱСĳķΧƻ֮ϰһѯԼǷҪȴӶĳʱʣŽϣŤŤǩԼĴӡ
ʱǩ꣬ظϰ˵һھͻ㡣
Ǯʱػ齫
ϸ˵Ⲣ㷽ʱ˵Ŀʼ
ʱưɴ˸ͨӺãĳɱҹҲ˼Ѫ˿
Ӿư󣬷ʱо峿Ŀ쬵Ͳ̲꣬ססԼ˫ۣӡ
ʮһµףƻһĳѩ١
ʱؿƮѩֽסһƬ
ʱڿڴֻʱͳֻ˽
Ƿһ¡
Ƿʱ֮ǰҹԤΧˣ֪ͨȥȡ
ʱֱ̳ȥȡ˻ٻصׯ԰ʱּΧһȦˡ
ޱѩ˳ʫڳԻ
ôԻҰʱſԵȻ죬һζθĲ汻𣬰һҹ˫ʱҲˡ
ʱʱĶǸտʼأⲻⶼûأˣ¶Цӯӯᳵ·ȥʱһ;ߡ
ŮŲŲӣʱóλá
ʱޱѩʱﻹһҲųˣϣʲôѽǡ
λޱѩһ°ͣռλģ
ռλˣء
ʱ¾һ꣬ص˵ʲôأҸҽ
õİ
ݵͷԲ˵ĳʫ塣
ϣܵ۵ֵඡ
ôɣӡ
㶮ʲôأǰǮŰɡ
ʫ֪ǱڵûΣĿӵױֵͣ
Ͻԣԡ
ʫѽʲôԷأһԣһġ
б򿪣ޱѩΧܲ˵سʫòһ
ʫ쳤ȥȥģҰ
⼸裬ʱ˳ʫȥҸ³ڵķʱ鷳
ôⰢаƽʱǼ㣬Ǽٵ¡
ǣǵء
ⲱӱСһҲúܣСʱ˵
ʫʱϵͣˣְ̧Ļ󣺡ëһ˰ǲҿˡ
⼸ٿʫõɫȻɤ˼֣ʵϰⶼ᲻š
˶ܿʫýˡ
ٻԵ֣룬һ˲ɢˡ
ʱ·ʫãʫԵСӣ˵㣬ǲǳˣ
ʫҲ˳ŷʱĿͷԼĶӣվ
ǿҵעһʳˡʫЦЦ˵
ʱһ¥һ˵û£Ҳÿ
ʱصԼ趼ûüϴһĻζڴϾ˯
һ˯ڶ磬ӴۣմҪȥ¥¸Լһˮʪһ¸ɬĺʱ˳ʫŻµ
ӺһˮǷ˳ʫõĴͷ
ôˣôˣʱʫõңվߣڴϸո¹ĳʫɫЩס
ʫ̧̧̫оƤ˵һʼԵʱЩû졣
ߣƲҳԶʳʱѿڶȴֿһ۳ʫܵɫЩڡ
ûڵķʽͷǱˮȻݵ˳ʫߡ
㣬벻£ȺȵˮɣҪȻȥҽԺ
ʫҡҡͷãղθﲻ³Ѿúܶˡ
䣬ʱˮһЩ˳ʫϣʫá˻һӴ
ʱǸչ˵ģʱʫûֶʱıӣˣȥҪúϢ
ʫûָȷʵҵķʱŶһü۵ذʫôţˡ


13 
֪缸ӣʱӴ˯һ˫ۣͷ컨壬Ӻ״һ̫ɵľӴ
ʱڴߣͷĳ롣
¶һװС
ʱѰװ򿪺ִ͸ǿٴȵر˿ϡ
ִ͸ԼʱûдװУǷʱԼɵʱСĿˣԼҵĺӡ
Ӵͷó󣬷ʱһʮϧİ̾
ʱѾִ飬δ֪ʫãһǷʱǸѾȫԡʳĳˣһʫٷġ
κηʱǸ߻֣ǮִŹˣɽȥҲǸ취
ο
ʱ뵽Ƶ¾͸еһͷۣʱôϡͿϰǩǷš
ѹķʱеһ˲İûڣδŵһھͻ顣
˼룬ʱִֻܴ͸⡣
⼸ʱʱƮһСѩʱʱֽǸ졣
ʱ׼ŰٴԼʰãٳţʲôƵȥʫҵķš
ôˣ洫ʫõ
ʱšŰ֣Ӳڴϵĳʫ˵㣬ȥѧУûʲôԵĶһ·Ͽ԰
ʫʱ䳦θĳǿļʳͬʱʱŻ£ʹǿȥЩҲ³
ô̵ʱܾ˲٣ڽ״͡
ʫԣĿۣºֳһֺε顣
˵ʱĩƽʱпζԸȥûȴҪȥ
ʵϣʱӿҲãҹҲãʫܹѾǼޣٻֻϴ
ɲ֪ΪΣʱǻʶԳʫѡ
ʱѻҲӻ˵
ִ͸ʱǿٴڶݳƷгʮļ۸
õǮ󣬷ʱתʹȥưɡ
ưɵĵ¶ĳϰԶԶͿʼк
ӣ氡
¶ĳů㣬ʱҲȳ糺죬˫ִŶϵһȦɫëСԳһݰף۵Сģ
ƫƫԼ֪ǳĲ׼ȷŸϰҡҡͷ°ӿڴͳһſ˵Ǯġ
ϰҲ۵Ҳһ˿ȣǺܿιȥӹ˷ʱĿǷӣ˵һڻһڡ
ǵȻֲôһʱûתʱ״ν㡣
ۿϰ彫ˢˣҲԼǰ˺˸ɾʱֽӹԼĿ
ϰʱ򿴵Ȼ˿תҪߣɳôߣкüſء
ʱԶԶ齫һۣȷʵǣҲʼЩ
Ųһ٣ͣһ뵽ʱ䣬̫ãûǸһʱϾûеڶܹ֪˶ľģҧܾĵϰ壬ˣɡ
ʱһ¥ưûˣҲֻһյи̨档
ʱ߳ңİűϣ¶ĳҲһ˿һ
ʼգʱΪԼĹűʵĲ
ΪԼֻǰ齫Ǵ˵㡣
֮ǰǼþգѿڴǮøɾͻͣ£һǮ棬ٱ¶ĳȥ齫ǰӡǡҡܿζֻһ¡
ӲΪ͵¶ĳЩڶǰǰŲ룬첱ӴֵЩͽһ
رһСΪͷǩ˾ưϰǷԼǷϣ֤㹻־ֿЩջ
ּʱʵһλܹ޵׶Ե߹ˡ
ҹյ¿Ƽ㡣
ִڰ칫ҵ̨̣Զ¥ƹ˸ǰЩʱǼʲݵѩѾڻò࣬һЩ¥ıԵЩѩδڻ
һ֧ȼһ룬ִֻ𶯵
ִ߽칫칫ϵֻҵõĵ绰
绰ͨԷʹִæ𣿡
ִش˵ûæ۽޴Ǹһ̶ͰȻʣ֣ôˣ
ҵҲûӣżɽϴؼҳԷڷϸݵŮ㻹ӡɣ
ִἰ£Ѿͨ绰Ϊ¡
ţӡ󡣡ִ
ŮƻˣǰݵĶȼپƵ꿪ҵǳϯŲ̊ϷʱҺ迴
ҵö˶٣һԴǣ˵ȷʵλ󷽵ŮҲպúʣҲǶ˼䣬ʲôʱʱ䣬ҪҪͶԷ棬һģ
ִ˵ʲôʱҪȥ棿
ҵ̬ȣɳƵַŻһЩҪпղа
ִûӻ
ͣһҵ˵Ȼ㲻ԣ¸ĩô
ִ˵С
һٴֻܻⷽʱһʱ֮ǱǷЩǮҲôӻġ
ʮ³ѾԽԽ䣬ʱڷϷҹߵպʮе룬ŽŲ׼ϴˮȥ˯
¶ȵøպãʱվϴԼ塣
ִѾһûϵˣЩԷʩĺۼҲɢһɶ
ʱϢͲȶ£ʱ壬žԼԼЩ࣬۾Ϊʱ䶢Ļԭ򣬹ƣͣԵм㲡
ʱ˾һᣬ̲ס̾һ
ǰʱ˵лҪִȫֻϷ͸ԷЩ
ܹ鶼Ƿʱʱ˵Ļ
ʵʱڼִһʱͶִкøеġ
ִǺԼȫһˣԺգѧߣòɫǷʱⱲӶΪ˵ˣʱۿӰӾеǵ趨Ƿʱͨһ㡣
ҪǶԷԴԼ̫ʱҲҪͶԷֳ
ʹǷʱʢ£ҲʫԷ飬ִǮִ󷽣ģһͬǱضǡ
ʱֿԼ
ҲִҪʸִֻǵԼ뵽ıҵԺȥΪѧ̫ǽʲô˾ģȥͶʱͷ˿Լϸ첲ϸȣʱ̲ס̾˵ڶ
ô԰Թһ󣬷ʱоԼ˼ִ֮⣬ûʲôõѡˡ
࣬ǸпǷʱ𽥼׵Ǯģ̫ǵ˼
֮Ⲣ˯ǰʱִ˺롣
ûͨ
ʱ뱸עϢӡԭˡʮκˡִ磬ˣԭҰɡ
ִȻûиκᡣ
Ҫͷʱһһ
ʱʼԷɧŵ绰Ŭڵ绰ҲɹԷڡ
ôʱҲԣȹֻ˸ִ绰
İ绰ڲִͨĺţû뵽ʱոճһִ硣
ʹˡཡҶϵ졣
ʱûӦιιִ磬硣
ŵ绰ﴫæŭѽֻˤ˴ϣһһԼҲˤ˴ϡ
ʱƿڴίȫδʱܾá
׿ִյ¿Ƽĵ³⡣
׿ԶԶ㿴ܵĳǰһˣʶȥִɫȴֶԷڳǰӰͣһ˲󣬱治ɫسǰȥ
ʱڵ³ȵ˯ţΪ¶̫ͣӣʱ˸ѹ󣬱㿴Ӹ´ƤԼִ
˭ģ
ʱ̧ͷҸ绰㶼ҰʱŹ˵۾̵ҪᣬʮֲҪȴû뵽Ϊһ̫ã˫ѾˣһûЩֹȥæȥץվԼǰִһ¡
ִ첲ץקסֿԷҪ˵Ϊʱʵһͷ鷳ɫ󵽵ûл佫˦
ʲôӣִüקȻǲ˵վá
ڹ˾ĵ³ͷʱʣʱ㹫˾ԱӦѾȫ°࣬Ҳܱ֤᲻мλ־ְӰයԱ
ʱ׿Ųͣڳβһ׵λãرƵĲǰ߲ʵƵƮ
ִĿɨ³ͷתƵģмֿķʱϣһϳ
ʱ֣˶ԼĽţԷ˳
ӷԺ󣬺ܿʻյ¿Ƽĵ³⡣
ʱ乻ֵϳӵ£ִڳһ۳⣬˾¥ѾԽԽС
Ҫȥģȥִʱתͷ侲ضԷʱ˵
ʱ⣬ƴůɫĹ⣬һ˲ִĲԷŵ۽޾̣ëӰϡ
ĪģʱڶԷһ£ҧҡҡͷҲȥģġ
ңʲôִƺʮƽһ飺ҲΪԼʲô˲Ǯ͸һȣǶ˼ʮӣҪƢҲͷ㣬Ҳź𣿡
ǰ濪Ľ׿̲סøֱҪ뿪κ󱳣߲ƫнǰδ뵽ܶԴС˵̬ġ
ʱΪʲôִɫļҪõɫȻͣһ󣬷ʱһ
ִע⵽ʱظͻȻҵһ£Ȼʱŵ˵ˣִ磬졭ȶˡ˵˰ɣˡ
Բ𡭡𣿡
ԭңԺ󲻻ٳٵˡ
ʱɫСץסִ䣬һ£ԷûֹԼֻһ£ұ֤ġ
ˣˡ
ʱô仰ĵ˵֮оԼεֲӶˣִε˵һ䣺ı֤á
ʱһʱ򶼲ִҪһʱѿڶҪǰ
ããʱæ˵Ŀֽŵǰһۣ׿ڼʻλĿбר־ųǳ˲עһǰһ죬촽ִֺƵ¡
ܷʱ֪ԼʲôƷеˣҲǼԸǰֺ֪ܲܡ
˺־ĽľִС˵˰ɡ
ִŵʱϵζһɺ嵭ϴҺζûǿŮʿˮˡ
ִµǣۿɼģĻȼ
Ŀٴ䵽ʱϣδʱͷ˲٣ǳɫ˿࣬һСţ۾Ŀ¶Լ
Ѿ£Ҳû׷壬ִĬһڴ󷢴ȱؿڵû´ˡ
ʱ仰һץŶԷƣԼ÷ִУԴҲִܿϣллִ磬д
ʱʱʵ˵һЩάִĻκʵǴʻƶ񤡣
Ҿ֪ǲҼƽϵ
ִʱûأ
ִԼ˵һоеˣְƿˡ
ʱģֻҵѵẹ̀Ӿͱק
Ȼִƿֻֻ§ִĸ첲
Ϊܲķʱ鲻ã˵Լá
ѵۣϸＸκһ˼ʱԸãִ˵һЩ£Ҳûйϵһ
׿ȫڿ̽κйִ˽˽¼ҲδԤϻڽҹȫİִ
λзʱСкۿɼı׾ȡ˵ֶҲƲϸ
ִּ޵ˣѡλᣬҽܷʱĵģ׵ģһǳ¡
ŶʱִĻмֲڵ̧ͷһǰĽ׿ֽ£ˡ
ʱִһƳ˷ʱԼŪʱϴŵǿ
Լ͵ǿֻǡ
ʱԷԼϵߺ󣬻̧ҡһ󣺡ҵֱϲˣ
ִ̧ס˷ʱٴοһۺʣֻ𣿡
ʱִĿмƮŬΪŲϳߴ磬ȥ޸һ±
ִƫһͷǸϸضһ·ʱϵıüͷ΢΢˵һҰĵģҪȥһˡ
ֵƵıʲôĵԼٻ棬ǣѵ¡
ִԭҪ˵ȴֿʱʱ첲ǿɫزصֳȻ˵ôˣҸоͦʵİ
ִĿͣڷʱﻮһ˿ʲôָܿ飬ͣƬ̣صúʾС
ʱɻأĵִɿɰֻ̾ǧĸ߷¼ٱ
ͼִ˵ЩûȻҵô᲻ʡ
ִԭѾۣ׼ĿʱͻȻЦһ
ʱ̴ִٵЦԷ۾㲻ִԼǰЦʱ򵽵ʵرȡõǸоԼܿЦЦ


14 
ʱȻٳٵ
һĩβʱִιϵѾ˰֮á
ƻдССĸ߶˾Ƶ붼˶˵㼣
ĥϵĴˣʱڶ˵ĴҲЩȤζ𽥱Ҳûôܡ
ڼҲڹϣִףڶûϴöִۣʾ½⣬Ȼι󣬱ָĿ˵Լæϴ
ִڴϲδκιֵĹ񱣬ǿٽأ˾øӷæԽѹĹؿڣԽǾʢҪй
ڿҹҹʱס۾Ū˺ܾúϵϵʪҵĶбƹ̵ͫףŷִûйصơ
ִСʱʱ᲻鲻ԸʱҲڴ϶ִ¶Ц
ȡڵִڽƵǰ᲻ȴȥֻ̳һЩߵһ١
⴩ʲô
ִɳϣķʱѵף¶һã鲼ŴСһԲë¡
ʱëûģԴëµԲ￴¶ļЩطܿһЩδۡ
ʱִĻԼ׹¼Ϻ󣬻ߵִǰ¶תһȦȫλչʾһԼǱһ³ë¡
ô
ŷʱĶëһһһ°Ʈ
ܶΣִ˵ʱŴϣׯֵˣΪʱȷʵûʲô£ҲϲЩϸ֦ĩϹֵˣһֱû˵
ֱηʱת״ë°ڣΪɨִ°͡
ִ΢΢üͷؽô
ʱõֹۣסչʾĶм죺ÿ𣿿ҽ˵·ҴϺƯ
ִŷʱʱδΪԼ۸е٣ΪгʫõĻǰȻںʫõĹ۵㡣
ڼˣ
ִǲʱǵڶٴΰĽߣóݵģȥԳʫƼĲƷʫóķװƷƵ꣬ʫڷʱϵģ˵ĻҲͬڽһֵ÷ʱŷ
ִеһ˿ãڷʱǰҲԽԽϲǫ͵α棬ҲǾûбҪ
ִĿͣڷʱǰëиھǸǰ߲ĴӡĶ֡
ǴȤǶִۡڲزסļʼ磬ʾ˵ⷽȷʵûרҵҧúء
ʱԭڵͷԼִĻûӦʲôһ̧ͷͿִָ̧֣ͷѡëϵһ˹
ǻӦоһҵϲã˵أ
º
ʱʱƶë˾Ƶɳϣ˼Ʋȥˡ
ܷʱԴĸзŭִǰҲ޴ӷй
һôһģ֪֪ڶٶȣʱƲֵ
ִٴΣĿǺƳ̯ǼƲ˵ҿ·κεıůԡִԼĳŦһſſϣջĿ˵㲻𣿡
ִʱ˵ˣڱĽ͵һ£ǸƵģ
ĺϲǼãҲпΪʫÿÿ
ִ˵ý׿·һһߣׯ԰
ʱرԴͷţʱִ˵ܶ
ִȻҹԵ£ھƵֻͷʱһΣͷʱׯ԰ʱʱʮһ㡣
ͺʻСɲʫҪš
ִڳûж͸ʫһɫƤС˾ɢţϴһɫ޴¡
ʱʱ򿴼ʫãʹӳˡ
Źϵǰһ룬ִʱСű˵ôˣҪȥ
ûдǳʫÿԼܴܵҲѲµϵ˭
æܵԼǰķʱټ
ʱʱŶִķ˻֣Сһ䣺ִ磬´μ
ִڳ۾ģðżɵķʱɨЦĺԼкĳʫá
߰ɡ
ִͽ׿Ը꣬㽫ջء
ʻׯ԰
ڳִ۾еͬʱѡ
ףΪʲôʱʫõʱôȲܹȥԼк˵ټǣʱѵĴˣʶ˭ʳĸ˭Ҫ߾ȫֺõĶ˭Ǯ·
ʫʲôã
ĿĶãôܰƵ·
ǰٸַʱǼҲȥ·ĵ˵ÿģִҲеʫõĺݣѷʱ·ҲˣΪʲôҪѷʱҲ̻ء
꿪ʼĵһĩβʱӵִϢ֪ͨ˵ڽһ׿շ÷ʱǰȥ
ִĴæûй㷽ʱҵģȻɽ׿ȫȨ
ʱĶ࣬붼·
׿ʱʱ¼ָƣ򵥵ĺ
׷ִδסҪΪ빫˾λýԶȥ˾㷽㣬ƽʱֻаʱɨỊ̇Ա
ʱⶰյĴʱ˷ܣһ¥˻һӾأſڵϣּһӾˮﾪһȻͿʼ¥¥µķɱ
Ǹӹɽͷѱһ飬ٻصһ¥űߵĽ׿ǰ
׿ѾܳŶĺһģƴһ¶һСſڵⷿҲ̫ˣһס𣿡
׿һһۻش˵ʱİ̺ͳɩǰסҹȷʵһס
ʱⶰȳʫׯ԰ķӻҪı飬׿⻰Ȼе⣬Ҳ֮С
Ȼв㣬Ҳġ
ʱתתֺͽ׿˵ˣҽ绰ûнӣæɣһع˾Ǹ̫һסܻе㺦£ܲܶң
⻰˵̫¶ǣ׿һʱѲԼ뵽ʵԵĳɫɫԵؿ˷ʱһۡ
ȴ͵ض˫ǳɫè۶
ʱڵĻش𣬽׿ܣ¶Լֱò˵һá
ʱЦ۾
ĵƹ貣ҫ͸ļϣһۿƯ
׿һ̣ͻȻִΪʲôηʱֲԼߡ
ΪʱִɵĲСڹ޴ȻǻҲʮޡ
Ҫʲô£ˣʲôĻҪֱ׹ϣÿҪʲôλ˵ھҪ˼
ִʶ̫磬ҷԴžĻֶεˣҲѿʱǸͷԿտգֻƤĴ
ֻǶԷǵ˼ִ˵ʲôһǮƣִֶӳʼûȱ
ͺñȼһֻˣĻè˦ŻƤëڽűһΣҲ֪ΪǵʳֻΪ͵ĽǶ̫ӸˣǱѶˡ
ʱִ֮еܶࡣ
һԼٷʱǸ˲ĽĽӴһ治ҪͷʱԼƵʱ˴˵ȴʱ˷ѡ
СľִһԿǿɵˣᱻţƿأƿ߻ΪԼѡܡ
ڹȥʮУжΪִһϣ໳ɺ;ᣬҲһ
ִΪʱһܺƿصˡ
ǣִƿطʱƿ
һִղ빫˾ĽŲҪ죬һ־ķʽŹ滮š
ͬʱִԱиߵƵ˽塣
ԼǣΪһĶ캮Ƶ˯ʱһůĻߣԼ˯á
֮ԵģʱִõҲԶԶǰ
ųߵķʱưٴģȷִԼʱСФھưɵ˶裬˼ǲľƣִʱ˻ƱȥһȼٺμɶԷ˼졣
ǸûˣƾƯ׽ύ˼λͬˡ
ֽԵӹ÷ɿ㱣÷ʱԼ䣬Ҳֻģǵã۰ҹƯƶ˵ֿ֡
һһºľƺ۲ʱڶСФ̯̯֣ʾ˵ˣҼֱ浽֪ôˡ
˵ˣʱֻͻȻһǳʫ÷ģ˵ԼѧУμĩϢ󣬷ʱûлظֻջ˿ڴ
Ѿ֪ǺˣǶ˵ȴġ
ۻ˴Ӳ֪ʱճõСѾͣˡ
·ҵʱʱһƳȴǿһϤӰ
ʱתеĻһ֡һ֡ţǴһɫװִλŰɫȹһ׵Ůʿ˴һ̵߳һ̸ģ
ʱִϣǲϵģºǫ͵Ц
һ˲䷽ʱǸеһֺİŭģǷŭʹҪ嵽ִǰʲô
ȻʵȷʵҲǰôһ˽ŵ׵Ьһ̯ˮʪһɲˮ̲еԼ
һ£·ͷһԼ
һ˽ɫʲôʸЩǰء
ڿʲô
СФഫӴⲻǸزλǧôռλ㵽һȥˣ
زʱʶ㱣ظһ顣
СФǰ⵱ǱطزҵͷǰʱݵĶȼپƵ꿪ҵʣŮǻ¶𣿡
СФŷʱ㶵ӣļ򣺡ƽʱעЩɡק˷ʱһ£߰Ҳûʲôϵ
߹·ʱþûܻСФ߶һȥģȥưѣ
ͣƬ̣ʱ˵ȥˣû顣
ִǺҹģʱѵһؿʱûӰϷȴҵĴϷ
ִϴ󣬴ԡߵߣķʱƨɣʾⷽʱȥ
ʱŲӣóλã
ʱ̧ȥ۲ִƽȲɫ
ִȴ֪ʱɵϺ󣬱㲻ʱ·ꡣ
΢ָʱĿλãʱ̲סСֲֹŮˣûأϹʲô
ֱִһʵ˵ʲô
ʱȴûظˡ
ִֻ˷ʱҪм»ƣʱְ̧סֱۣҪڱ㿴ִ˳ջ֡
ҪϷɻҹ˯ִ˵꣬ͷƹϺڴˡ
߰밲ʱ״ʱױﲻסˣʵԺ𣿡ֲ꣬˵Ůˡ
ִĬһȻش𣺡֪
ǡᡱҲǡᡱģɵĻشʹ÷ʱ˲СоһӱܻشĴ𰸡
ʱסޣҧ˵ҪнĴ㣬Ҫǰ˵ҿɲС
ִû⣬ʱʱĵĻܱʱûʲô¹˽ֻЦһ
ЦʣС𣿡
СᱻģʱĵӾﶼݡ
ִȴʣ±򣿡
ʱ޿ˣϻô㲻±𣿡
ִ
ִ˵ʱΪԼĻʲôһЩ̫Լࡣ
ִ֮ǰʱѾԼһЩʱ䡣
ˣҲǶ˵棬ִӵܣһŵԵĽ飬һЩҵҲ
ʱ˵ζϸ룬ǱȡʧҵǰϦֻʹ޵ĸо
ִڿҪ˯ĹؿڣоԼļ¡
ô
ڰУʱ۾ĵ⣬ҪǶˣⶰӵ͸𣿡
ִ磬ʵҴСһ׷ӣиԼļҡ
ִޱ鿴ŷʱֽ̧ԷԼϱԼСһȦְ
ִ磬ҡ
죬˯˯ͳȥ


15 
ִȥسĵһҹʱҹߡ
շתһСʱóֻ븻زشҵݵŮȥԷһӵʱͷԲӿһѣ֮С
ŮСĽķʱȦֹ
ͷһΣʱмʹСФļʶ㡣
СФûнϳʱͲ֪زҲΪȥӶִĿǰӴλŮʿô಻Ҫ˽⡣
ҲͲô̵ᵽʲô֮
ʱڴϣֻϣһִֻ¼һ˸ɾ
ԺԭС׽ڴ֮ǱϷѾԺҪݵʮ˼
ִǰʱûбֳʲôʵ¸ʱ˲СΣС
ưɡ
ʱڵСĳ齫ʱȥвϽȥĿˡ
СФͷʱһСʱп˽һ裬ӦͲʱų
͸ſԿͷһλװͷ÷й̶¶ͷĿӡ
ͷΪϰ뿪С̨λãͷ¶άǰȥӭˡ
ʱߣСФҲƳһۡ
СФʱڷʱͬڱͨʱȥһƣһʣʶ
ۺСФ˵죬֪ͣҾư֮ǰĴɶתָϰ壬ǾСϢ˵Ļϰ廹ϰǶϰ塣
⼸ͷ⣬Ӧǻˡ
ˣ˵ϲˡ
ʱһ飬СФһأϱ˵ϲеʲôϡġ
Ӧˮ͵˳ȥ齫ŸЧ㲻ͷʲô
ʹˣСФʱʱǷǳѹϲȷʵϡ棬˵ʱһ⣬Ȼ͡
ʱըڶߵǸֺȻ˫ۣתͷϴЦδСФʲôô棿
СФԭҪ˵ʲôȴŵλѾ¶ԥ֮ɫһλؿȳ
Ͻס˻ͷﲻȻһ
ط˶ӣطͷλ˽һ¶һȥ֪ͶҪԲ˶ˡ
˭֪ʵʵ˽Ҳ࣬;˵ˡСФشۣҲ֪ļٵģǼƣƣ˵ˡ
СФȴҲδ뵽ĵһ䣬ȴзʱһﷺɻֹһҲġ
λϰʱưĴ١
գʱǮ˸⣬Ƶش齫㿪ʼߡ
֪ʱ䣬Сĳκע⵽˷ʱ
֪ҲϰСкÿֻ齫úܣǮ˾˦ˡ
γʱĿɨ˶м֪ʱ֪Ҳ
Ŀ⧲һԣʱӶԷüôһ˿Σյζ
ϸַ·ղŸܵΣղǴΪʱ֪ԼǣǣǣǸѺõĻȡ
֪ڶϵĶĿʱͣЩҲ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ʱĳͣЩҲккġ
ôˣôߣ
ӣ齫ûչ𣿡

֪ʱߵ˷ʱǰ¶΢Ц˵ôˣλСֵܣʲô𣿡
ʱû뵽Էֱ룬ôǰҲţֻ˸ɣ˵šϴˡ
ôţϴҲûйϵʶġ֪̬׺ͣ˵ֽ̧ӦӦɿһɫ޵Ĺʱʱķãѡ
ʱʱҲȷʵеʣ֪ͿĿƣҲп֪Է治֮󣬷ʱ޹Եľٶ̫Ŀܡ
ֽӹ˾Ʊһں󣬶֪˵շзʱ
֪ٴЦ֣Ǹǫǫӵͷ֪͡
ʱƱŵϣģصݹȥͶԷ»¡
Ҫ𣿡֪Ŀºעŷʱͷʱ˵ϰ˵ÿֻ齫ǰĶʱ˼ҪҪѱģʮһô
ʱҡҡͷ˵Ҳᡣ
ҽ㡣֪ѭѭӮģ˼ô
ʱȷʵδоˣֿϵƣȷʵе㱻־˵״Ʋһʣģ
֪Ϳʮˬؽһϰ壡
˵ʲôţССϰ۽Цӣǰԭ⵽ߵĶֻһܿӦˡ
֪ǰ֪ôСϰ壬ɫ˷ʱһۣ֪¶Цӣͷ
кǸ۵ģע⣬Ҳ⡣
֪˵Ҵ½ѣҵġ
ϰæ̧֣Ǹ̬⣬⡣
˵꣬ϰתʱܵС㣬Ҷˡ
һȺ˵Уʱ׻ǳǰһ
ʱվǰһ̣룬ֻһΣҲ֪͵ģײˡ
ʱղźȵǱƵĺ󾢿ʼˣ۵ֻܿϵƣɫ޵ĳ
֪Ͳ֪ƹϣʱ֪ӦƿԷ
Ƿʱ뵽ִ
ĳϷ컨ϵĵƹ£ʱ΢΢ۿﰵ㲻ݹҲˡ
ʱ룬ʲôء
жѶ·к֣Ǵõľٴ롣
Ѳɻĵִһϣ
һִͣþҪ飬ʱӭŮҪԼɨسţҪӦԣ
ĳңɿġ
ʱӮ˵һѺ󣬲֪ͣԷϹǫЦĿ͸¶
ʱﰵ̾Ȼ˵㣬ģҲȲĳÿǿڶԷ治еķϡ
ʱŴưײײˡ
ů㣬ϵͨò̫ãֶ࣬ʱǸоӲô
ʱһлƮɢϸܵС飬ϺҲһЩڶϳ¶âӮ˲ǮķʱԭȸԾѵĲ·һЩ
һĶ죬ʵǺ˲٣·ԵŽ飬ͺͺģֻʣ¼ƬҶˡ
ִȥسе㲻̫ؽˡ
ʱ˶ĳſڣеĿܻĪֿʼ䡣
˼Ƭ̣ʱ򳵻ȥׯ԰
ʱׯ԰ڷʱȥʮ󣬲ź֪֪
ڴ֮ǰʫϸ䣬ֻǵǰһ󣬷ʱȷʵеһֻ㲻ƽСһΧԼǰԼſ˫۱ȻִȥķӾô
ľе䲻ˡ
ʶܵİߺ󣬳ʫʱҲȷʵеӱЩտǸĻᵽΥİ㲻رϷҹȥԼҹķʱѡ
ʫҹɳԴں˯ķʱ¶ȡ
˵ǴͷβԷʱûһ˿Ҳǲ۲۵Ļѻ
ʫߵɳǰķʱգʱһѣ˯ѽ
ڿ￪ůʱȣûбļ
ʱû˯ʱʫ΢΢һüͷ㻺ʼۡ
ôˣûȥ˯
ʱ˯죬ͷˮƴ̵۾еᣬʫҲģģģʹǿУʱҲǲɾȵظ̾ˡ
ûס۾㣬ôֳˡ
ʫôһ޷֪Ĵ̫ȷʵ˽Եıƽӷ̫ࡣ
ʱųʫãĿ¶ɣڼ㶬ûд޷
ʱ䣬ʫϰһ£᲻˵
ʱһ£û˳ᵹɳϣ̾һ
޷̫˶ѣҲûֺܶɡʫһԼ·һ߳¥ݵķߣȥ·
ߵһ룬ʲôƵתͷʷʱȥˣ
ȥҶҪʧҵˣ㡣
ʱһɥץץԼԴɳϱۡ
ʫʱ򻹲Ϊ⣺ôˣʲôˡ
ʲôʲôˣʱⲻԼΪòãȻңҸǸǸʲôزܣʲôš
ʱߣһʱ䲻֪Ϊ̫˻ô벻ˡ
ֻֻƬ͸¶ϢҲ㹻óʫøеľˡ
ʲôʫ¥ĽŲȻһ١
ʫ¥ϵһ룬ɳϵķʱı飬ҲδȻӲһ˲ӡ
ԣˣǸݰŮ
ʱҡԴǰ㣬˵ڡ
º󣬿һƬ
ʱΪѾ¥ûɴɳҪǲǻڿ
ôһʱסվ¥һĳʫá
㣬ôˣ
ʫֹסĬƬ̺תʱû£½㡣
¶ЦݣټʹδʩҲͬȻģʫõЦݴʱɣʹվ±ϣóʫ΢Цһ¶պ޶Цݡ
ĽŴݣŴ󵨡
ڷʱųʫЦݻʱʫ˵ûϵСʱŽ㣬㲻ʧҵġ


16 
˵֪뷽ʱǰ֮ǰһֱڵ¶ĳķʱÿ·˼ΧȦĶǰʱδйһ̴ԾԾԣҲȫĻԡ
ǴһʼʱһֱûΪ˲ֻ̰һʲôͻ
ΪֵС
ƻͶʫùʱ䲢ҲһĹ⾰ǰϪַʽƶ񤣬ʱʱص־ǿӣۿӰӾ缯йءͽĽɫòʮ棬һЩڶĳҪ³
齫϶ȫǲͬʵ¡
ʱգʱɹڻϸǮ¼ڱ֪˼Ѻ󣬻ȻȫȫβڴǮöٻǶ١
÷ʱͻȻڶ漸˿ϷҲûʲô˵ġ
ʱ֪ʲôڿҿҵˣ־Լڡҵ»ָŵȣʵǺûҪ
֮󣬷ʱ齫òʱܻƲס⿴
Ҳû취£Ϊϴڶϳɼƣʾϣδý
ǲģϷӮδжͺ齫һ
֪Ͳһ
֪һ䡰ҵģӮġΪַʱݻôʱԸӮ⡣
ʱԼ֪ܣֻԸ£Ͼ֪ԼѣǱӦóӦеĳ⡣
ˣʱͳһԭĶͽ
֪ģû齫ߡ
ִһ֪ưԷʱڡ
գӮķʱڶĳһѣü
֪Ӯķʱˡ⡱
ٽʱʱһǾɥЩƵ̧ùֱߵľƣͷһˡ
֪ʱַıģʱοûϵʱ˵´ʱͻӮˡ
֪ʿò΢Ц΢ϰ˵Ϲأϡ
ʱǮϰе渶Ŀˣ˰֪͵˼ǹǡ
ʱôҲ˰ɣҪҪһԸҹ
֪ͿŷʱͰ
һ֪ͱĳѾ٣һΣѾܾ֪͹͵ҪپЩÿڣرⷽʱ˺üʮĵ
ȷʵɣִӡ
֪ͻһֱһ𸴡
ԥƬ̣ʱ鿴ִĺϢͳֻһӡ
ٿ֪һۣҲһҹҲռò˶೤ʱ䣬ҷʱ浽ʱȷʵҲЩˡ
֪Ըͷʱ͡
˵ҹʵ֪ͱֵ㹻ӣ˵ĻͰƻһһ԰
˲ûʲôرȤĻģ֪ͺǽ̸ѯʺͷʱٵĻشȥ
ԱԺ󣬷ʱ棬ĿⲻɨԼ֪͵ʱ谵ƹ¶Է۽ǲԵϸơ
Ȼ಻Ҳʮˡ
ʱԽؿʼִǰԱȡ
ȻִƷζٵ֪ͺִʵǲòֹһ
ϸϸĶȲִ
ʱﰵ룬ִʵǱƲߵһǲ˶ϣѰ˵ġ
֪ʱȻҲǿʱԱǳʣԱˣ
ʱصԱˣ߰ɡ
˵꣬
֪Ϳվһ󲻶ɫҪߣ¥»л԰ɶԣҪҪһȥո֣
꣬ӷʱϹ۲Ե⶯ȴĪɣɳ˳ǣô²ߣΪھưû𣿡
ʱ²Ϊǹ£ԴǴִΪԼŴγٵƢԺٲҳٵҹִʱҹܲЩʲôִƽٲʣÿʱǰʱϢ˼Ҫִʱʱڡ
ֻʱ㣬ִСʱǰȥȷʵҲûʲô¡
ʱ룬̧ͷ֪˵аɣֻһСʱ
̫ˣҪȥϢʱĻ˵ʱҪ֪Цһ£ȴû뵽̧˲䣬֪üһ
Ǻܿ죬֪ͱĵ˵Ȼһߡ
ʱ²Ϊ֪ͱԼŴξܾϸղ˵ҪȥϢ֮ɨ˵ĻǵϾô֪ͲδԼϳʲôʵڵͷ
Ƿʱ֪¥ߵʱмִ󷢴ȱζ˵ҿɶϺһ֧衣
òôá
ʱ˵
Ȼǻѻ
֪ڶʮӺ󣬿Լһ֧軹δˣİ˻Сһķʱ
ΪǰʱСФ̫ɵĺţ֣ЩյһʱʱҲ鲻Խ״̬
ǸƯС꣬ԽܶΧס׳֦Ϊ
ˡʱһŶĺ˶ȷʵǷˣһֻֻ֪Ϸһ£֪ҡͷ˵Ĳˡ
Ա㷢йһͨķʱʹ˲٣һʱ䣬֪˵ǽȽ´ɣ
֪״ûʲô˵һá
ֵݹȥһ˵˰ɡ
ʱûʲôֽӹͷ֪ӹĺȥ˲ȷиɬɤ۶
״ϰɣ䡣֪òʮֹķʱ塣
ʱ˵ллָ̧ڶԷֱϵ·ף̧۵˲䣬ܵԼ߱ģ
ֱһ̣ʱûʶʲôԣΪԼȹͷԴЩˡ
̧۾֪źͰ׵ף¶һѰζЦݡ
֮ǰһбøӻ㱣ʱһ֪͵ͫҲپ۽㡭
֪ͺֽܿס˷ʱ壬ȥ
ͣԱھٰɶԵԳּžһһأʱ屻ȥ
β˸֪ͽʱԼ׼õľƵ귿
ҩµأʱȥûʲô
֪һ߰ϣһֳԼʱŵϺָʱİʱ̾Ϣ˵ٶ漸죬ûôֵģֻҿҪˣٲûʱˡ
֪ĿɨͷϻǽϣЩģɢϢߣնЦ
ſ߽ԡңΪղȺӵĵط˲ٺ׼ϴһĲ͵㡣
߽ԡʱڴϵķʱڴֻˣȴû⡣
ʮӣ֪ʹԡ߳ʱʱֻϲδصӻ졣
֪Ϊ˭ڸʱ绰мַ߹ȥʱֻͳְӹصֻԱһӡ
ȴû뵽հѷʱ½⿪ֻֿʼ
һ˴绰
֪͵ѾҪֱӰѷʱֻػֻʱ桰ִ硱֡
绰Ϊδ˽ӣԶҶϡ
ͬʱֻϷ΢ϢעΪźֽ㣩˷Ϣ
ʱ


17 
ִ뿪ƻȥͺ̻ĵڶ죬õһǳϢ
ʮһ࣬һʺϱŵʱ䡣
ִĵ绰յܲεĲܼ졣
ִͬһƿصյ¿ƼҲһЩյܲģԿƼϢҵһϲͨԪ϶£ռŹλá
ִǿƣЩﲢδյʲôʵȨ
ԵģִյܲҲһЩִˡ
ҵֵǰͺҲǻһЩ˿ǱЩƽµصΣհ
Ҳͱⲻˣ˾վӡ
λִ¸ɹĲܼ࣬ҹͨ绰֧֧ᣬִֹеֲ͡
ִԱǰʧ̬ǺܿƵѯʣôˣʲô𣿡
ͷԵĳĬִٴظ
˵ܣҷʼԼɡ
԰գ绰㱻Ҷϡ
ִյλܼ෢յܲ˱Ϣ
ʮӣִھƵķﶢŵĻָǸѾͣʮӡ
ʹִ֪ޣִҲû뵽յµЩҵ󣬻¶
յܲļˣִ£ҵʽжκִҲЩŵԪɱΣ
ִһȻȥͷžƵϷ컨塣
ԭղŵ绰λܼԴе֧֧ᣬڸеݣڿ־塣
Ŀܲס˱ģյ±Ҳˡ
ҵ֪
ϴλռլʱҵûڱ±Ժѵ
ʵϺͿˣһʼͰռҵһнԼô
ҵĲ֪
ִ˵˾һףⷽӦѧϰлൽ㹫˾ߡ
ˣռҲҪǣֵܡ
ǰЩ̸ĻִǵԷ磬±ͱǰϸ붼Ȼζȥ
յܲЩ˲һһϦܹͣµף󱬷ʱյɵʧҲɹ
յ¿Ƽ⼸ɼΪƷƣܲܵǣ
һʱ䣬ִ
ִһΪӰ칤ˣ˴죬˳ɺִ˸ϻƻеķɻ
ҹص壬ѹ˼ִĳַʽͷŷйһЩʲô
Ȼƿ¥ȴûҵӦŵķʱ
ȥĵ绰ûȥϢҲûеõӦ
ִٴڶΣֻҪڸȻӭӷʱһαϥĵǸͺá
һ죬ִȥ˵ڶΡ
һε绰ڱ
ιá
绰ͷȴǷʱġ
ִԷ绰ᵽľƵλá
÷ţܿŲŴˡ
֪ͺִ档
ϣܣ
ִ֪ǰйʲôֻƻе̽磬ûвʶյ²ҵģ֪ͻڵصĲƾƵϿҵЯӲμӴƬ
֪ϵ·ѾãϹŵǵЦݣ˲ǣ֪ܵˣʮҲѽ
ִѱ棬Ŀⷢ䣬֪Ǹ̸ʲôġ
ֱִԽ֪͵ļͷĴȥ
֪ϽӲһ˲ҪķѼҪ죬Ѿе죬ʱ֪ԼռҵĲ࣬µִǰֳ
֪֪ʶȤسһһת¶ϵ
ҿһûܷĺˡ
֪ԼƲͬʱҶԷЩʹ죬ҲǸջƻûãСҵĳ棬ҼԵ˱ƣû뵽Դ֮ƫ϶ҪС
֪˵̾˿·𱻾ƭһ
˵꣬ȴ۲쵽ִ˱仯
ִ˵ĳ棿ü𣺡ģ
֪ʮֿŵر¶ţô֪ܲСˡ
ִû˵
֪ͱԹЦˣС²֪Ҳпԭ
ִĿ䵽֪ϣص鷳ˡ
ִˣ֪ҲһҲǶǽзʱġ
鷳ΪС˺
ִҲ΢Цôᡣ
֪ͿˣͳԼƬ˹ȥܵģԺлúʶһ¡
ִò¡
ˣʱ䲻ˣҾͲˡ
̧֪һƣ˳ȥ˳š
¹ϵһɲǣִƬֱӶͰ
ߵߣִʱ۾ţղŵ춼ûоֺ
ʱִһʱȴѡ
ȻǱҩˡ
ִ̧ߵߣıӣȥˮͷһˮ˷ʱϡ
ʱˮһǻתѹ
ͷĵƹĿ˾ƣҩʱԴʹۻǲ̫ѵģ
ʱзۣ̲סַ̧һԼʹԴӰӰ´¿ִӰʱûӦô¡
ʱôˣ־켣ưɣҲûһġ
ֻ֪ͱ֮⣬һ治е֪͸Ͳһˣ˶ķҲûôˡ
ޡ
ѹķʱܵԼʪģеˮ۾ȫʶǰִ
Ĩһˮ˦ȥ
ִ磬㡭ôҩûѾ·ķһ
ִˣЦһ⻰ʰɣô
꣬ʱҲס԰ô⡣
ļ仹ͣڻ԰ɶԣԴҷǳֻǵԼȥˣȻ󡭡Ȼء
ִģûʶԼҩ֪ʹϣԸĨ
ܷʱƬǴĿǰõϵˮİĴİķ䣬վԼǰѹִƶϳʲô
Ӳ̫ķʱܿоⳡδҲ̫׽顣
㡭֪ˣ
ִŭЦ˵أ
ʱץץͷܿһԼҪӴִԲִ磬ϺȶˣҲǹҪٵġ
ִһûԼ°ڡ
ٴδ˳һ⣬һǴķʱִ룬˾ϻһִ
ʱ̶ֳȵĴѾƵ˵ĥĸˡ
ʱǵҵҪ𣿡
ִվӸţͷµˮģǱķʱҵ˵Ҫ浽˵Ҳ˹Ҫ㴲ٿһ㣬һˣ
ʱʱ򱾾ͼȲʣ켴ʹڿůķˮһ䣬еͷʹѣʹ֪ԼʱӦִҲѺܺõؿסҲǶ˵Ҳǹ֪һأֻǣҲ֪ô£û졣
ʱɽҸ֪ʲôûУɸɾԼ·֤һ˵㿴·ûѡҸ˵֪֪治Уʲôġ
ִ˿̿һ̲סֳס˷ʱ죬קתŵǽ棬Ϊ֪ʲôˣƽ޹˷ʱ棿治У֪ڴ϶ʲôô棿֪֮ǰ˯кҽԺס˶𣿡
ʱǽϵߣ˫۲һëȻ
ô֪ʱ֪Լ֪͵ļԻк£ȴԸִѵʹ³ضԴӱקĺ̲סһ¡
ֳִһ˦һԸ뷽ʱѿļƣ˵ǳ׽ˣԼʱ䣬Ķҵķߡ
ȫܲ˷ʱıѣ˵תҪߡ
ѽҺǻʲôû𣿡ʱִ˾⣬Լͻ֪ƭ˾Ѿˣִ˰꣬ȴһֶ
бҪҰ⸱𣿡ʱƺҲǱƵ˼ޣŭִıӰԼҲһڱҺŮ˽Ӵ㶼ˣѵͲܸԼҲ¼𣿡
ִȻתǱ׼ŭңҸ˭Ӵʸܣ
ʱ󺰣ʲôʸңؿڶþһһģҸ˵յģҲΪжһȣ֮ԸĹƽף˵׽һأ
죡֮ھʹҵķߣ
ִŭ⽵º󣬷ʱҲ죡һҾͰȥ
ٻӦʱĻһҵ졣
ִˤ뿪ˡ


18 
ʱѵ˵ڱ׽ڴĵڶԼСʰһ£ŵӽˡ
ӽ뿪ûлصׯ԰һǻóʫִ֪ϳˣȷʵòôصе㵣ĳʫ֪˻᲻ˣֻߴߴȥǸ֮ġ
գʱеӱܼҳСŵһһľƵ
磡ʱһ磬ӴͷϳһֽߩߩӣùֽͰȥ౻Щıͷ
챻֪ϡͿƵִ˴һܣִˤŶȥ󣬷ʱҲ˼ڹǽĿɫߵķ˯žִ뿪ûãҲ뿪ˡ
ǵ˴󺹣ڶҹһ·ʱЩðˡ
ʱѱϣţӣһܽŲĸð
Ŀյ¶Ѿܸߣʱȴ䡣
ԼѾ˵ա
ȰѸðͺã¶ǣŸоӻЩͷڴϣԼԴ۾׼˯һ
˯ǰԺ£ûסִ
ʵ˳ܵļ䣬ʱѾ൱ģ仹ȻÿÿִԹͬʱֲġ
ʹ£ڸִֹϵʱںҲôһ˵ִѵһû
ڴ콽ԼһˮԼǼһ԰߳ʱҲûᶳ
ǳԼʲôҪԼȥԼסʱɲ
ⱡĶͣʱĵʵʹޡ
ߵһʱҲԼ޷ӭ֮䡣
Լ̫ҲԲһһù֪Ц滢øʬ޴³
ʱСͲһӹӲʵˣʱڣһֻݹ᾵èһһҪ
˳ʫõİģϲЩȳƣſһЩ
εĸð˵ŻתãʱͷԷ裬Ӳͨ
ͷԺ󣬷ʱ˲ԼͷʣǮ֪ͼı죬ԼڶĳǼѣӮǮ˼١
ȥǰʱĿͷʣ¶ʮԪ
ȥģЩǮ㹻һʱ䡣
ʱָһЩθҲã͸Լøʢ
ҹһ鿴žƵ귿Һһв˳ԡ
ڲһϲݣڱ̨ϵԱŵıͶЦʱ򣬶һԲǰķʱҲֺǺǵЦ
ǽĿھʣʱÿЦʱ򶼺Ͷ룬ڽĿڶνʱʱһӲ˷ŽʱĲʳѾˡ
Ŀٿʼʱ̨ϵԱˣʱҲЦˡ
תͷҹĻ£ƻ𣬳Ϣůɫĳڳе硣
ʱʱù¶
ʱҲúڣϡ
ҲжʮˣҲ֪ԼڷǳĲҵȥǸ취
ʲô취أ
ʱ룬Ǹʽʲôţʾ֭Ｋطĸ֡
ⶼʱϪع̫ˣˣҲ
ʱҲûʲôȻϵҲʰȥϴ˸ˮζݵķʡ𣬰̾һֻͷԵ˯ˡ
Ǹ죬ʱȻ䣬⼸ѾھƵ˿һûгˣɫЩˡ
ʱԼΧһΧԼñůڴӾƵˡ
һڽй䣬С̯˱
ڰ̵ıһӣθﶼʼЩ󣬷ʱŰݣһȦʳ
ʮӺԽԽǾԼߵĵطƫƧ
ȵ̧ͷȻ֪ߵưſڡ
ʱͷžưӣŲԾǰһ
ȻʱǰƻͷǮάȥƵãֻճĻŵ㻨˳꿪Ӧò⡣
ǰǣġ
ȥư棬ѰЩʲôأƵ귿ǸϲĿѾܹЦˡ
ȥһ齫ܱһھƵź˼á
ڲư֮ǰʱվſڣ˵һΡ
ܺܶ˶֪󲿷ֶĹġһΡڡԺĺܶΡ
ڷʱ̧Žȥĺһ룬һգƮһˮ飬䵽˷ʱĽźΪһ뷽ʱ߽ưɣˮҲûմʪ
ĿϤһУɢɢڰ̨ǰƱľƱڷ滺֣ʱߵͨҵİǰʱ˳ְһʰ˵ڵϵϰѡ
ʱң·ǰʱһۡ
ɴˣ֪ˣеһ񺮣żʹǶȤδȻ齫ڡ


19 
ʫôδ뵽һ̬ᷢչ
һϹڱصõЦݵ˿̲һ˫¸Ьһشׯ԰ıš
Ÿոմ򿪣ƲסܻؽֱϿŵİݺһҡ
ʱ䣬ˤϣĿں죬ױ濨ȵ˽Ʒֻһ۵ưɢһء
ʫôʱѾԻʮԣʱǴڣΪִ³ʫò˶ܳʫõʱڣصׯ԰ټʱĳʫãٴϣʫǳˡ
Ϊ̫󣬳ʫͻһƴӻ״㲻Ϻá
һַֻ¥ݷ֣һְֻؿڣӣ˺ܾòһЩ
Ǿ仰ô˵ţӥȴȸۡ
ԴշʱἰݵŮִӴ󣬳ʫþ̽˼ݵĿڷ磬Ҫһ£йشµϢ
飬һ㶼ҼҳǣߣԲҵ
ݶǰŮҲǳ谮мӣʹҵҲδطҪԼŮһλͬ޽ϵ
֣±ײʫԭҪϢǰ͸Щȴû뵽һ鲻ҪóʫõõһʮԳܵϢ
ΪʫЩСݾߣ¶Լ
ԷץסСӡ
ݵӣһֱԼŮھסڹ⣬Ҳжĸ飬һֱЩΧΧݺݺһֻ۱һֻۣ
Ⲣŵڵںĺӣ岻̫ãֻ˼һŮһ˽Ůв̫󣬶ҵĺϵҲзǳӰ졣
ʫǴҰ·һģںҳС㣬ЩֶλûüʩչԷһֽʦѾ˹
ʫòԸӣ߳ʫã׷ЩʫõвƲʫôⶰıȥ
û뵽̶̵ʮתֱ¡
ʱ򣬳ʫò֪ݾȻӴû顣
ЩչʾԼ֤ͨͨǼٵģں̳ط־ӣһֱԵ̬ۻ᳡ϣʫòŲš
·ʫǰݴȥĵ绰ųʫɫĿӵֻǳĬ˰ζ˵һô뵽ȥģ
ʫ֪ٵ״ܼ֡
ΪеԵʣʫܲǰ׿ƣȰ˵Լ侲վʮκָԼӽͿʼʱʱµۡ
ʫðοԼΪûϢá
ʫһ¥һһذ¥װЩֽ
ǰʫȫװñΧİ˳Կס
ʱͻȻʲôóֻʱȥһϢ
˵ʱҪҪׯ԰ңú
ʫ÷Ϣ۾ڷʱСͷϣͣƬ̺³һֻ򿪳ţ˽ȥ
ʫ׼һ
ʻׯ԰ʫһ·ۣʻĵ·ϣʫںӾزһɫγСʱ͸ԼԶԶظԼ档
ʫùһ·ڣӺӾ￴Ȼڡ
ˣʫŭһ໰
Զ׼ں̵ֱʡ
ҪʲôݺԼ˽֤ݣ
ʫѾ½׶Σȴ֪Ϊڴʱ뵽ʱеޱȶģǸαˡ
ʫòһˣ֪ٴݣһ˫߻ƻĵ˿̺޵÷졣
ıͦһ٣һƭԼݸۡ
ʫõĽϲȥĿǽĺɫγ
ͦһΣÿͦǰּʱܻȥġ
ܻȥġ
ʫÿںһʻ·ڣűһλɫγںԼ룬ٶȷֺδŻֶҪԼ˳˦
£ˢڳǰ粣ʫõڱˮʪ·ϣˮ
ʱʫøһƳҪǷڸȴǰȻܳһֻèʫóٹ죬ʱѾɲȻһת̡
˲·ڸ޽һʯϣ顱һ죬ھ޴ĳǰǰ˲䱻ײϡá
ʫǰ׹˸Լ·ûڶĤϵĺǰʲôҲŨصѪζָʪĶѪ
ʮ꣬ʫˮͱһ뾯ֺδֱͷš
մӾֳʫñûлعҡ
ʮ꣬ʫʱյгݣõǮ꺮ůº󣬳ʫͿǳĿں죬ȹӣɢ㳤ĺڷݴϵ
ݰԼװѵ˳ʫϸݵļͷϣ߳ʫãѾˡ
ѧһӣƶ𣬰͵ѧ
ӣְֽڳʫúܶ࣬ǣ̸ɣѳʫ죬ĵʦ
Ȼʫôѧҵһ꣬ݰԼ飬ϼŵڿ¡
ʫʶԼԭǱݰװõƷ
˵ʵڵģûĺܾã羭ůĳʫôС쳣죬֪ûѵͣǺܿܣһ㡣
ĳЩʱϣû졣
ʫöʮ꣬ݺ˵ԼܶǰѾ飬ôܺôԴ
ʫһžƵģҲίӦݵʱ𽥸еƣ
ݿʼҲݽ
õһʡݡǮ
еԤı˵õһ۵Ĵ̥ѻ۵ĸѣصڡۡ
ʫüԼⱲֻԼ۵ĺӲûִ
ʶ𽥱ģʹҲʧ
ֻ֣治ɫԼѵܵܣδεĺӵ̸ЫŮ˳ʫãΪʲôĹͷԸĴһֻӴܶСèء
ִ뷽ʱǴεһʧ̬ʱ̣׷ݵѧһ꼶꼶ǰ±ͷ
Ǽʵ̫Զǲ̫УΨʱܵͷŭһֱӡ̡
ʱִͣڷʱĸȥѯѼ¼ʱһҾưԷǳƵʵؽ˶εĴס
֪͵ĻʱӦþҾӪеĶĲ
ִʱܱ뷽ʱǵĽףûеҪԷĽǮȥһ
⵼£ִڲ֪Լ߻˯һͽ
뵽ʱˣִͻۿɼر⡣
ƷжӵӻֱԼƷһֻӦóʱһһȥģʵ㾫ɫضɣٶԼڱҪ嵽˲ʣӰ彡
ִٴνʱеϵʽɾȷԼٱɧţ䳹Լ硣
һѺǰ漸ɲ
ڳŵִҲԣǰһ˲
ôˣִüһ򿪳׵Ľ׿
׿ش˵ǰ˳
ȻʱѾ׷׸
ǰͨʱִĳʻʱִĵһƳһϤĻɫᡪǳʫõĳ
ȵȡִͻȻ
Ӻ󣬴ӳǰȥִȻԱ̧ѪӶĳʫá
ֻһִۣͫȻɫף첽ߵһ£Ż˳
ӳʫĴѪӳӵ棬ֱˮˢѪ˳̻һ·ʡ
ִоԼǻﶼǹɻ֮ȥѪζŻһ׿ʱѾͣ˳ְعɡҸݹһƿˮ
ִͳָֻҵѰҵʱĺ룬˹ȥ
סƻϿգȻ䣬ž쳣͵ͷ档
ưɵʱǰԶ齫齫ջ
¡¡齫ɢ׵غϡ
齫С
ʱ⣬մѾӮѣھ
õƳϣʱմţڴֻͿʼ
ʱעȴǰ۾ϵƶʼֱ
ӮʱǼɻ䱻˴ϣʱڴҲͰֻҶϡ
ʱһ֣ȥõ齫ơ
һ̣ʱȻһƣȼشһʮۣ
ʱһ죬齫õһơ


20 
һҹעʱվưǰϵСƤЬˮʪΪҹ齫ϲƵսŵЦݻδȫɢڿֻδѶϢݺǵĻȽӲգһۣƺһ˲ʧȥ
ֻĻ䣬ڵϣܿ챻ˮû
ļ䶼ǳĻҡ
ʱȫȻ֪Լôֻģ˶ûվȾͳ嵽·ȥ
ҹĳȻѴ򣬷ʱһһΣöһճ
ʱһҽԺģʱޱѩǶѾڼˡ
ʱվǱǳ¶ڵˮҽԺĵذŪʪһƬ
ҵŴ򿪣ʱŲŲҽҡҡͷ֪е˭һ
Ȼţճ嵽˷ʱǰ
žһǼһʧص˷ʱһ⡣
ʱǱһƳ˼˺üص˵ϣһ˫齫ϿֺܵѪɫӣֱ㶵أãǰңʧһС
㻹ʲô㺦ôڷʱŤģ壬ǷΪʲôʲô¶ҪҪΪô뵽ȥݵӣΪʲôΪʲôĲ㣡
ճѾڵϵķʱƽƺһƳ껹ޣʱڿʲôˣڿɱʫõס
ôһֱںˣڱ㺦ˣ
ʱĶĤҪѵ̳Ѫ
ޱѩæǰס
գգ侲һ㣡ʲô
գ
קһԣޱѩʱӵϷ
˵ʲôЩ˶˵ʲô
ʲôʫñˣ˭˭ˣʫòǽ绹ڸԼϢ
ôˡ
ʲôجΰôѰ
ޱѩ겻ķʱӵϲ
ҽʱѾޱѩۣŷʱ
ʱںҽ˵
ˮζѪζڡ
ʱͬһ㱡ĤĶ֡
ѪΪ̫ء졭
ʱͬ⣬վô۽Ŀڻ̨ϡ
ʫãô
ʱ·һԼֽţŲŲߵ̨ǰ
ʱվڳʫõǰͷ˺ܴһ飬˫۽ţ촽ȫʧȥѪɫ
㡭㣬ѡҽԺʼûķʱɬĿֱֱڳʫϣʼҪקʫá
ʱ򿴵ˣ˷ʱģԣһʱ
ʱһקʫϸŵĲҲ
ʫ壬Ȼ뷽ʱ
ʱ㲼˺Ѫ۵塣
ⲻǣ
ⲻǳʫãʫԶôЩª˺أ
ֱ۳ʫõʬԷʱĳ̫
׷׽Ųǰһ̣ʱеһת֫ȫʧȥ֪ʱǰһڣȻ˹ȥ
һ֮ھҲǹĺͼ¡
ʱεҽԺ
ٴʱ򣬷ʱҽԺĲϣԱޱѩ
ޱѩѹæݹȥһˮ
ʱӲֽ˹ȴűӣز֪ȡ
ޱѩĬһȻ󿪿ڵʱս˵Ļȥ
ֻ̫ģſڲԡ
Ϊʲô˵Һҽ㣿ʱʱŻתͷ
ޱѩЩģһ˵ʱ㻳ˣݵĺӣû£ݵҲưոݵģⲻʱ⡣
ˣʲôʱ򡭡
ʱ䣬ʱЩ¶ߵƬڷʱԺ
׼ˡ
Ǻܺð˵к
Ǵʮֵ̲ĳʫڶͷ̻Ҹǰôͷʱ
ȻΪ˽
㣬ǲǳˣ
ǿҵעһʳˡ
ǴĹиһ˿һƿ̵ĳʫͻȻҲʼСӡ
ʱ뵽ġ
ΪʲôʫôԼЩأΪԼرûֻرûõԼŻ޾ϸϲͳʫ÷ڴִõһʱŹɳϵȵҹϣܹõʫõĿ佱
ʱһۣ˿̲ֲã˵ء
ΪҺ˵ˣںݵŮӴҽðղ֣˶ϣ
ԭԭۡҽ㡣
ʱʳ̲ס̧ס
ޱѩָ˷ʱļü˵ʱ˵ˣ²㡣
˵ⱲĻʲôĲµˣһˣʱҲҪġ
ǷʱһξοǶ̣֧ͬĳʫá
¿Ҫѷʱݻˡ
ʵڳʫյ֪Ѷʱ򣬷ʱδ÷ǳʹ࣬һѿ쵶طΣٶȹ죬ûüۣɶʹɢʹΪϸϸʹ⡣
ķʽʼûа취ܳʫõ
ףΪʲôǰƻ鲼ߣҶǰҶӻݻƣϯɳ̲ǰп硣
Ϊʲôʫȥס
ʱҲΪһЩСܳʫˡ
ǲһصׯ԰һصǸ̫йʫûĵط
ٸҳΪգһӮ齫һΡ
ʱһڶ¶Цݵʱ̣ʫõѪеĻ档
ͽһΣںĺܶΣһҹ⡰ͽﲻٰʱ
Ȼ£ûΪʫõȥϾš
ΪĵطڳСĽֵ·ڣּǺⳡ¹ʺܿ顣
ƬαعϣԿɫΪһֻСèżתײʯµĳ
ϢһиΪ˴γȥ·һ°̾ϧ
¼ع⣬Ҳĵѷ֣ĳٳ٣ΪʱεĻųԿڵĳʫƵƵעӺ󳵾ڶʲôˡ
λŮ￪죬ǲΪ׷
·ʼͬĻظǰȻôῪôϣƬ˭׷λ
ǲɫĽγĻٵĳ𣿡
̶̼̬ٷͣںҲѶ˳ʫúԺŷ޵İ޾𱻵Ⱥ顣
ʱʫõĸϢͻȻǳһЩ沿˳ȥƵ꣬ɫƬһʱ䴫ɡ
ڳʫõۺܿת䣬ЩСãӣա֮Ļʼ
ʱʼЩһһػظ͡ģСǱƭˡ
賿ӣںʫõѽս
Ƿʱһ˵̫΢ˣ²סڿڣҹﱻһЩ˶񶾵ʧʹޡ
˺ʱʫΪ꣬ʫ뿪Ժ󣬳ʲôҲûΪ¡
ԪڣǸž۵ӡ
ھƵĸ߲ҹߵƿķʱڻججشӾƵ߳ҹվɺƣҲֻеȥԳʫá
ڻصׯ԰صйسʫõĻĵط
ȴδ뵽ײײӳصǶϤ¥ǰʱȻַǰѾ
ʱֻʱ
ǷĲޱѩִ˵绰
ʱ⼸ô
ʱĬû˵
ޱѩͷƺ̾һ˶Ȼ˵⼸ͱˣٿЩš
಻˵֪ݴͷβûĻǾԲٺǣģ֪ģͱ˶Ǻþۺɢ
ЩϢвǵֱʣ±ǣȰˮá
컳Уⲻһܳɵ£ôܳΪһ˵Ĺ
ݻ¼ȥֻгʫóΪһͷβûر֪ܣܳɾ޹˵һ
ٳʫõĳسں±ǣһļҲһ
ʫ˶ȥˣȴǲԸŹٻҪвƲ߻ȥ˸Ͼɱ
ǳʫôﵽʲô湻˾ͿԶĹߣһͷβЦ
Ū˳ʫõݣ͹˸ٳʫʹʫÿٶں̣ƾʲôʫöѾȥҪ۸
̫ǴＷۣʱǽ绰ʲôʱҶϵĶֻ֪ͨ۾Ƕͽסķһۡ


21 
ⳡƻеĺŹѪԣһʱϴ÷зܸŹ˾ܿӦйݰӵĸϢѹ¼ȻͱЩѰǳĶܿɾҲʱһҳΪƻбϰղ෹̸ʡ
ЩϢ鸺棬⡣
һˣ˵ĲֻǸպֳ־緢ͣű
Ϣһѹ⣬ò˶ã¾ͻϢؽ
ĻŲӰյ¿Ƽ֮ܺŮ˼褵ļӴ
գִЯ˼褿һչȥ·ϣ˼˵ҪظܲҪһ顣
ִ޿޲ɣͷý׿ת˷
ʱҲ뵽ҵûѡ˼Ҳ޿ɺǣϾںֻ̾ôһŮݵľƵ꿪ҵҲã˼褻عݾŮ߳빫˾ЩѿҪŽ˼褵˼
⼸ԭ鲻̫ãʦֳɢɢģȻöˡ
˼褳ĸʮ񣬴˿¶Цݺִ
ִҲòص΢Ц鷳Сܹ泩һЩҲû߽һˡ
ʱʼƮϸ꣬⼸ȴ²š
ִĳʻǰеԶԶ˲Сĳ
ɲɣȻǰµķʱ
ʱһ⻹꣬ﻹһȡ
ţ˵Ҳˤ˵ϡ
ʱںͱţ첱ӴֵķʱԽ
ΪԶִڳ˵ʲô
˼ʱЦݱеӲҵˣʦ֣æɡƾҪ³
ִƽջĿ⣬˵ûϵȻˣȥк
ִ³ӹ׿ݹɡʿΪ˼褳ɡ͵ſڡ
ǿϧˡ
ʱʱӾ˵һ˾ܹǸˣʱӦƤ಻ôҲʮˣ㱻һ̣˲˵Ҳȥôһʲô
ô赭дһ䡰ϧˡ
ʱŭĿԲ˵㻹ûһģ㺦ҽ㡭
λСֵܣ嶯κʧȥʧأҲôȫ֤ݵƾǲǣ
֤ݣҪʲô֤ݣΪ㻨ǮǶƵѹûˣҸ㣬ѾǶ¼񱣴ˣҽڳһֱҽ㲻Ǳ˸٣ôôĳʱָݣ㻹ţǶҪΪ¸𡣡
Ŷ˵Ϊĳ׷ųʹӦ㻳ɵĳ
Źˡ
ݱֵƺıԩģΪѵӣȴǳ͸¶˵˭֤أ
ôĽֵѵ˭涨ֻܳʫõĳߣĳߣɫĳҲʻڽֵ϶ѣ㿪⡣ݴ˿˵¶һͻȻʲôı飺ŶˣֻèλСֵܣҪҶԽģҵľֻҰèˣպڽϼˣһͽֻè׽סȥ
ʱŵݣһμòٲȻĶؿӿ˵ķŭʹ⣬޷ǳʫѡģҪΪӵˡ
ҵŭʱͷԳ裬ͻȻһɤӣȻ󱬷һһͷСţƵģѳסıԴݵĶӳײȥɱ˵ҽ㳥
һʱ죬ıײ˼ʱ򻹺ǼӦѸ٣ѸٰѷʱקסΪܣǶԷʱûôˡ
ʱ׽֣ڵأ֪켸ҹû˯õͨ죬ﻹڲɲš
ʱ߸Ьڵذϵ
˼褺ִˣΪ˼褴Ÿ߸Ьذʪʱִòַһѡ
ʱſڵϣ˳δִ
ΪſڵϣžԽ㿴ִֻܿߣһɫװ¶ɢһϢ
ְ֣˭˼Ŀɨʱƣµĸϳȥǣֵʲô
ʱ⻰һִͦҲҲˣŭؽк˭ˣҽֻһ
˼һ⻰ʶôˣɫȸղŻҪѿϸ˵С㻹ﳳ£
أ˸ߣԶ㣬˳ڹ˾Ҳøˣ
ʱƺڣҲٶԣڰ֣ʾⱣŮĻתִ¶һĨ޹ЦܣЦˡ
ִʱסס˹ƵģڣƺҲм⣬ʱͷڳʫϻżѪԣܹ֡
ôˣʶݲִߺ΢󲻶ɫʵ
ִԣҡҡͷ
ڱǱϳŴ¥ǰʱˣִ˵ʶ
ʱߺǰ
˼褲ΪЩ²ģֻڰִڣˡ
Ȼˣȥȱɡ̬
ִͣƬ̺üش˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
Ц⻰˵̫⡣
˵˵ЦЦݡ
Źϣտռֻʣˡ
ִͻȻ˵ղǣ
ֱִʣ˵ǰʱֳǼ£
ִûݵ̬ʣŶ֣룿
ҪǮ£ʲô
Ҫ٣
мִ̧һۣЦַЦأôܻҪΪ˿ңﲮƽ²ɣ
˼ʱˣǿڵУһǮҲ̰ˣһͷǽûûˣǸ޵׶
ִ˵ûǸ˼ҲֲСִֻ֡кǸҪưոݵӣҪǮ࣬Ǯ˰ɣϾЩСȣ˵ŸҪǣ
ң˼褡ִض˻ȥѰζ˵ǰʱҸ׻˵Ҫ˼褵͡
ִ΢ЦҰ˵Ŵר壬ʱҪǴЩʲôԷͲˡ
ִ˼褽ӴѾв̵ʱ䣬˫飬һҪˡ
ռұҸ࣬˳˵Ǹ׬οִʣòǸġ
ִ˼Ƕ飬ƱҪ죬ʱ⵵ϲ̨ǻûƽϢҵΪͳɣЩҷϽļӣʱȷʵЩûбҪĸӰ졣
ʫõ壬ޱѩǣûˡ
ʱƻкųǷˮصĹشʫѡ˸λá
ϸһֱ£ʱûдɡڳʫĹǰĹϵƬ˺һ
ɡϡžʱ㲵΢΢´ϥһ³ʫõƬ˵Сʱһֱ˵ԺҪסӣҲίˣǻҺ˸󻪹ģǼҵġ㣬أ
ʱ뿪Ĺ԰
ȥѾȥ˵ȴҪ
һʱԼ󣬰ڸߵƵķ˵ȥһһһķӡ
ʱԼ䣬뿪˾Ƶ꣬ƺҪڳʫ뿪


22 
ݵĻžʹ˸һ䣬йشµ̸ҲƽϢ
ͼҲɾһɶ
ִỨǮƽ£ŮڼӰ졣
Ǹϸˣ֮ǰӲ̫ɾǰ깤̳⣬ʹԪˣŻ
ֽ֮ܳȥŮ˲ֹʫһҳʫøô꣬ôŮ˲ܲк֣ҪôͷʱȥϼʫˮѱʫȺûĬһƼۣٶ§Щʲôǣˣݵĸϵʹˡ
õ⳥ķʱʹʧִ
ִϣʱûٺ绰߷͹ʲô룬Եǰɾ־ٶǳĶһ١
Ϊȱ˷ʱִָֻ˴ǰ״̬Ϊյ˵ѹȴǰҪ󣬱ִһƵ߳빫˾̸Уʵʱѹ޴ӷйѹִֵһֱô
ִô˵͸ǸŮ˵СĻһ
ռլտûãǰһ⻹ִڿֲ´ؽ֪ģйݴµš
ִ̧ͷҵã֪˵ô˵ģ˭˵ģѵɾɫһرŵڸŴܴڷʱϵһ˲˯֡
ֻǸղڷΪԴ֪ı˶ִҵõģ
ߣֻǳ±
ִĿɨĿֳһĳ±
ֻصҵϡ
ϺͿˣôĲ֪ϼŵһжԼûõĴѹ˾Ūõǿ֪ߵһʽϾҪƲ⻹꣬ԼѡһˣµԼѵЩҵûûʶԼѾˣˣ
ⲻִ棬ɵװɵ˾ôѵľܵϹزһ֪Ȼˣ֧ŲôļҵΪʲôʱøԼ
±һԴԼϿĳ±ôִʱķˣˡ
СųʫõǸСġõǮʧˣҲ֪һܹ֧ڶĳ漸أǮû⣬ȴûԼǲڲ֪ܵ˱ȥȥˣ
һִ̣¿ӵʱ뵽ЩΪʲôҪԼԣΪʲô˳Լ˼ȷʵϸ룬ΪֻҪ΢һϸĥͺִʶ羹ȻΧԼת
ûе£˺˵ִûʲôطһ䣬˵ô£Ҳţ
ҵԣִֿеӣҲ˿˵Ҿ˵Ӧðɣôֲĵ˾һ𣬸οǸеģ֮ǰѧʱ򽻹ŮѶԲԣ
Ϊһʡĵִʲô£ҵûһ£ɱӹմʲôë
ʲôëͬ
ִʱѾӦһ䣺ҳԱˣˡҪ
һǰȥִڳռլǰִѵԼ
Ӻͷʱ׾һִҲûл塣
ǰڽƵ޵ʱʱ鷿򵥰칫ʱͷҪһļڽ鷿ɽ׿岻ʣǰˣִѵԿҪһˡ
Ȼû˾סˣΪбఢ̰ʱɨﻹȻࡣ
ִûе飬Ŵ򿪵ƣ¥鷿ߡ
鷿ߵ칫ǰһ룬ĿҪҵļ
Ҫļߵʱһ٣ĿʱͣļǸֱ档
֮ǰ鷿칫ʱΪе㰭£ժŵ˳
ִɿеļǿ͸о˲ԡ
ִһֱ߬һܣҲûʲôֵĺۼ
֪ⶰ˳˽׿ͱ֮⣬Ҳֻʣһˡ
ִ˱ۣеֱֶ˳֪ʱ˼ܰôɵӺŪ
ִԷʱûʲôڴǶԷû޵ĳ̶ȻԶԶԤڡ
ŵ㣬ִڰ칫ɫظʱĴ绰
ҹ˽¼񣬿ǰһģñӿֵˣŽȥ˶¥˶¥ü䷿ߺΣʱʮ
ʱʱƺǻû˯ѣӵ绰󣬻˯أιһ
ʱ͵õĶֱִ룬ٷϻ
ʱͷٿ˯ѾȻʧǿӲƵҲ֪˵ʲôǲǴˣ
һҹִһҪʱ֪ߵغ޳ܶһݺݵĽѵ͸Ͻʱ˶ϸɾϸ׵֮ء
ʱʱӲŭԽգȴԽԣֻǳѾƵ¼ˣұ𣿡
ƾʲôƾңƫҲɣʱֻ߬˵ֲֹܽԼǱأֻǡ
ֱִӴ֮ǰ͵ߵֱ֪ҪǱֱֻĽмꣿ
⻰˵òһ棬ķʱ𽥲ȣִвŵҲ˵𡭡𱨾ҲΡ
ֿధִҼǮ㵱æҽģԺ㡭
Ǯʫõ⳥Ŵȥãôͻӻһˣ
ִ֪Ҫͷʱ޿ɾҩٶ˵ʲôĸ˵û㽲ЩϻôѾ˵ˣһҪȥη
ʱִ֪ŻԼȣֽһҪ޳һ𱨾𱨾ˣ㻹òҡڣһ²øʮ򡭡ʮҲСٲоʮ塭
ִƺȫûȤٺͼûʱǶһͻԼĶһҶ˵绰


23 
ʫȥѾȥһ࣬ʱԼķסһڡ
һ磬ʱ˯󣬿⻹δɢ
ڶµĩβһ䣬ů
ǷʱͷδȥڴߣֵˣȺӣԽԼεӰֻý
̾һӳʫһҲûε
ǲڹңûΪֻع
ôأڸǰڵϣִİһԼǰ߹ݣվһǡ
һյجΣʹòʵʵȻѡ
ֱһ̣ʱʶ֮Ĳ繵֣ܿԽͺƷƼ۸񰺹·ǲͬһذϣı˺һʿ
֮ǰǮƵʱܹھƾ³嶯ͷĵȥѰݵ鷳ƵǮҲʣˣֻʣõѡ
첲šȣȥŵļΣݵ涼ûмͱ˳
·ʱҲֻǮ£ȥҲʲô˵һû֤ܹ֤ɫĳڸ١
ʧȥ˳ʫõķʱʧȥķ
ڳʫûڵʱҲδ滮κҪֻڳԼһϣԷʱָһ
ȻֵķʱΪܰá
ִǳʫþѡѹغ󽻸ģһʼκִ֣ʫöְֽ̹
ʱûѧףͲˡ
ͷϲҪԼȥһ֪ģǮǮٵĲ˵һٴȥôǺá
ʱ֪Լޣ޷ʫƾųɫòʹͷڷ³
ңʹòڷʱܵĳʫãҲøĽ֣ɼ³ҲΣء
ʱӹˣʹʶ˵ҪʡһЩȴҲһʱ޷ܳʫһ޷ܿȫı䡣
ۿŴӸߵƵ˻ص˳ݣִӶٶǧԪĲʳһ룬ʱǴҪҵͷ
ֻ˰죬ȥ˼ҹ˾ʱڡ
һѧ̫ͣһʲôҲᣬϸ첲ϸȵĿҲǸܸɵġ
ʱֻҵһھưﵱкĹԭΪĳ̶ֳҲǶĿڣû뵽ǣְںһĹ̡
ʱֶϴˮϴˣû뵽Ϊְ죬ӣʱѺȰˡ
ʱһлٵ޷̵ˮյĹʣһˡ
ʱһˮһĿܵԼСߵʱײϰ塣
ϣⲻǷ𣿡ϰһ飬δķʱк˵æʲôأжʱûˡ
ʱʱΪⲻһżȻǻվϰ䣺ţ˵ʣԺ󡭡Ժܳȥˡ
ϰ廹Цеأû°ʲô°ΪǽѲһ仰Ǯ
ʱϰ壬齫ľˣʱԲ齫һ죬ͷֻʵǿҪԲˡ
ܷʱҪԲˣȴһˮӻⶼǴǰǮӻʱģȻڴûǮˣǴų滹ǲ¶ӵġ
ʱڰ֣ǻõ˵ϰ壬ԺʵǲܹˣڽϴˣҼϣ¡
ϰ˵⵹û뵽
ʱʱϰ仰̧ͷһۣȴû뵽һ۾ͲϰмֹŹ֡
ᵽһ˿ﲻ̫Ծζʱ裬žҪߣ˵ˣˡ
ϰȻһ£Ҳܿ۹ˣղǼ˶ڽֽǱ˳̣˵
ʱʱɫȻһףűֻЦǺǵؿԼϰ壬̲סһİϰ壬ʲô˼ҲˣҪ˰Ұȥ治ɣ
ϰһֵĵĻ˵Ǻƣǿǿ
Ǹʲô
ֻǷ˵˺˵ҲӦðǷ˰ɡ
ʱ˵ǷǮ绹ˣǽǶ˺𣿣ʱʣôţˣɣ
ϰ岻˵ǻشǷǻˣϰϣڶǼѣȫˣ
֪Ͳ˵𣿡
ǼʿһֱҲû尡ϰ˵ѹЩҲѰζ˼ҵͷҲûţɲ˭Ƿ˭ˡ
ʱͷ͵һϰĻͷһõͷԷ裬վЩվˡ
ǡǺϻթƭʱ֪ûµģڷ
ɲôѪ˰ϰڳ㿴ʱڶ϶Ǯǲ㣿ǮǲҲ㣿˼ϰҲûְⲻװ𣿡
ϰķʱļ򣬡ɣڷ͵ķϣ㵱ʱǷµĿϢһʮҸۿۣǶٰʮš
ʱȫҵһҲղһͷٿЦǺǵϰֻöԷɷµúܣһϢ̲ס˳Ӳǣϰ壬ʵ˵ɣҼʵƲˣڸòôǮǵʱ˵õĲġǲܡ
ϰȴǴƲˣĿ䵽ʱϣζʮ㣬ЦһΪҿʲôģ
սʱ㲻ǳСѼ˵ˣ
ϰģذû£ǮҪòҲҪóһƬ˷ʱĿڴϰƬҪǲУ㲻ϵϵ˵Ըϼˣ˵أ
㣡ʱգؿھ˵
ҪǲԸأҲУǷծǮ쾭塣ϰһ䣺µʱ䣬Ǯ룬ҲܣҽȻ㣬ȻѾܾˣʱŪöÿ
ߡ˵вĻϰкͷŵļԱ뿪ˡ
ʱ뿪֮ڴ֪͵Ƭó˺˸飬ڵϣֲš
ʲôնˣ
ͲǬϰĻܴ˰ôţ
һأȻȥ黹ûϰ廹ûأһٳԼĲ£Լ᲻ᱻһץˣ
ʱǸĻˮƽߵķäʱԽԽǵսľ
ʱ̰ȴС
һҪϰ˵Ѿ˶ԼˣԼҪǱŭһ߳ŭԼô졣
Ȼ˳ʫò֪ôǷʱǺŵġ
ʱصԼĳڱ֮ǰׯ԰Ĳ֪˼صСɳϣְԼһõˮ򿪣һͳһˮ滵˵ζ
һܹ˳ᵹɳϣ
һʮۣҪľ
ʱ֪ΪʲôҪͷԼ
Ľ٣øԶ߽ݾͶôӦõõĳͷ
ͶǲеԸǾͳͷʵ־ͺˣΪʲôҪЩ·Ƶء
ʱĴˣ¥¶ĳڶԼ
ȹϵϰ㣬ڳⷿｹѰķʱھϰ˵ԽԽʱչʮ򻹲úԶ
ʱʱѾԼͷĶˣЩۼ۶Щһʱ
ʱҲǹҪȥؽ͵һֻһλϰʱִǿٴʣʱЩֵǮ鼱֮£ֶ˼
ȥ·Ҳܼ尾ִѱ뻻ȥĻֻգȴû뵽ôã벢ûл
עˡ
ʱĬֱִô飬˰ԼһСæأֻʧֱȴǱסһ


24 
ʱû뵽ִôͷ֣һʶһļٱ
ִͨĵ绰󣬷ʱΪִ˵ֻýûüֱȥ
ʱյ¿Ƽڴװǿ͵ߵֱ
ִǴⲻٿԼʱĴã˰Сʱֻ˴Աͨ߳Ľ׿
׿Ƿֱִģʱǰɫشʱ֮ǰ㲲ٵӣƽͬкʹǰԴʱ̬Ȳ޶¡
õˡ
ʱ׿Ҳƿǣʱʵ޿ˣæӴĻɳӶóǿýסֱ˹ȥǿܣˡ
׿ͷǿ˵¥Ͽᣬһύġ
ߡ
˵꣬յֱɣתҪߡ
ʱæȥץס׿䣬ϽɫαװɣҼһ棬Һ붼ˣϵм£㵱Ⱦҡ
׿ڷʱҪקʱѸٵһû÷ʱ
Ҳ㣬ָʾ˲㡣׿ʾΪѣ̬ȴܼ
żǮȻҲᡭ˵ʱҲԼʮݣһ¡
׿ʱ˵һйҪæϰʱ䡣Ǻίѷʱ¥ˡ
ǡǽҴ仰аɣ˵һߡ߽һǮңһỹġʱһ˫ˮӯӯŽ׿״ε˵
׿ֻεӦ£˵ðɡ
׿ӦѻʱԸִٸ׿л˵ллǴˡ
˵꣬ʱԼµĶñϣȻżˡ
׿ʱ򿴵ڹ˾Ļɳǰʱȴʱ輸ϵһܿȱȵüס
׿ִĸʱо֣ټִײʫõĳֳٿòǰķʱԼһЩ
ʱȥıӰֻǸ˳ľɵȸһ޵塣
֪ΪΣ׿ֻǰʱʱ򣬷ʱҽԺ͵ļͣԵòʣʲôĳ
ӷʱЩϺͺ
׿֪ʱԸӲǴ󸻴֮ҹֳ谮ߵĽ
ʱû˹̵ܽҰӡ
ִⳡῪ˽ͷԶԤڡ
Ƚʱ򣬽׿칫ҵţȻŶ롣
׿ֱǰȥŵִǰ
ԭԴƤϣĿִۣϵֱۣȷȷʵԼǿִַ֮ˡ
׿ʱֱȴվǰûȥִٳûзʣ·ĶԷʱ²ٸȤ
׿ԥƬ̺󣬻ſ˵˵һ档
ִЦһң޷ǻĲҪǮ
˵ǻỹмá׿᷽ܽʱĻظ
Ϲ˭ţִŶ೤ʱ䣬ǵ⳥ֱɾˣ
׿ʱ򣬵ü˳۵ؽӵʫõ⳥ӦǶĺˣʱºĹ԰ˣһ˽˿ľĹǻҺС
ºƻһĵؽʫõĹĻûʮǸ²ġ
ִʱ۾̧䵽ϣ˵Щ𣿡
ЩѶϢǿȥˣ׿ôܻ֪ôϸ£СʱĻûвμӻ飬ȥ¥¼˷ʱһĽ׿صԼ칫ҶʲôõĹ
ǳʫã
˵ʵִڳʫûø³ûһ˿һͬ飬ҪûвʱӦóܷյ׼
ʱǶһ˼׽ʫаҪΪʱõ˼Ҳηʱɳ⸱ģ
칫һƬžִĿ⼫ѹȣ׿󱳲ɳһ㺹
Ƭ̺󣬽׿̧һ£ΪЩ»۾˵ǸܣҶˡ
ִ鲻ã᲻ζһ䣺Щʱ˵ͬ顣
׿ͷƣǡ
˳ȥ
ʱصԼĳҲŴҲֻһյͷƣԵİ
ϰ˵ʱԽԽǷʱûпٴչǮ
ʱܾó˸Լ¥¿϶ҲڽﶢţʱѾüҹ˯ˡ
ĽĴһ϶һ԰׵ϣ
Ѿˣ䵽ϣǾûġ
ʱΪȱҲΪںܽŽǵ״̬һƬ磬ʱʱĳʹ
һ̲סҧָͷϵĵ̣ѾָҧǵѪˡ
ʱʱһȺУЦЦ¥·ɱĸǡ
ʱﳢһѪζֵ̿סһ˲󣬽ִԼ߷
һ̣ʱͻȻһݡ
󲿷ֵڶʮһʱϴѧ
ʱڼˣһѧ
ѧУôˣбʦͬѧУ԰Ǹϰǿ϶Ҳ
ѧУĻ֪Ҫһ˹ضΣķĳҪȫٱ
ʱ뵽ʰԼĶװãҹɫǽǣ뿪ݡ
ʱػУ԰ѧУ·ͬѧٴҵе¥
˵ʵڵģ򲻵ѣʱǼ䲻Ըصġ
ϴλļԳƵʮ⡣
µҲ˲ЩˣͰȫǸҪġ
صʱ֪ʲôȥ۲ˣɿһˡ
ʱŷԼϵЩҲûٴ󳳴ֻ֣һ˰ЩԼ߰Ķŵÿ˵ϡ
ʱȺѻԺ󣬿ͻȻһˣֿÿ϶һЩ״ȻʮֲԿѪֻصӵķʱʼ䳰ȷ
ʱʱѾԼĴʰòˣǵЩţֻΪҪԼֶΡ
ǣ˭
ô㰡㲻ǱȰô
߲ߣ㲻ǿɽ޹˰ѧУɲ˵ȳ롣
ԭסӴķʽһ䡰˵ȳ롱һСƳһۣһȥˡ
͡ô˵ǷʱֱͦͦҲ
ʱڳβһʱҲûа취ܲİѷʱӴקһ˳ͻ޹ܣǻҪд֡
ʱҹڳ³һ˯ʱһȾ


25 
賿롣
ִ˯ȷǳۿ컨ڴֱֱ룬ƿӣӴˡ
ʱڣҹ¶ҲеƫЩȴ˿ûнִ侲١
ִһ·¥һ¥򿪱ȡŵ˲
һˮ¶ǣоЩ
ˡ
εʱڴϺԼ˵ܶʻִԭΪֺڶԷæ£ִΪ˶ס죬ֻ
һƢıˮֻܽһЩǻղŵΣִƵĸеһ
ִȿ˵Ĳˮŵʱַδüպõֱ
̧شģģӳճԼӰӡ
һĻ̼
賿ӴˮеһЩݵǱ
Ƿʱ
ִǿǽһˤ˲ѣͰıԵٴײһ£Ȼȥ
һֵĽʫپִйˤ١
ִԷʱ˻ǣӣǿΪôֻϵҷʱһֱԼǰֵúֱ֣ܲ˺ִΪһ彡ˣʱ󣬻ڴ뵽Ψһ԰Ҳ
ִ롣
ִٴΰ˯£һλ˰˯Ǯ
ڶһ硣
ִǿɨͰմȾ˷ʱϢĶʱµԼִʰԼװģȥ˹˾
ִӡʱһֱǸѲĻɫȴû뵽һηʱĻֵʧ
¹ȥˣʱûٳֹ
մӹ˾°࣬ʱ䲻
ִ͸һĽ׿յ¿Ƽĵͣ
ڿҪɫͺճǰʱ򣬽׿Եظоִĳһλãͣһ£Ҳ޵ǰƮһ˲
׿Ƿʱعλá
ڱִںϵķʱͻᱧȶڳǰλõȴӰִ
һֱľĽʱִ̣ѵԼǾ仰ɸпƾִϸ֦ĩڴĶ͸¶ݣѲڴʥ󣬶Էʱͬ顱¡
ǵǰѶ
ѧװƣЩٶӶ쵽ǰʱͷذ˳š
عУ԰ķʱҳԼոµĿαɷµظȥڿΡ
ڷʱͻȻֵϢܿ촫Ա
ܷʱϵѧУܽʲôҲʱĿξͿΣǳѧڵĿΡ
һγ̽ǰʱ೤֪ͨԱȥ칫һˡ
ʱȻıȰˡ
⻰֪ǵԱ⽫ŻԼΣ֮ʱҲǸаͻȻѧϰ֪ҪѧУһӡ
һشӵԱ칫߳ķʱȥѧУʳ˷ڣζһѳԡ
ʱصʱѾˡ
ʲôʱ߰Ա˵ѧУѧ𣿡
ʱͷ𵲵
ʲôʱأô㣬ֺʲôƲطӲţôڲطүЬˡ
߾ͰߣͲᣬʲôϵʱ̲סˣҽһѧڵѧѣס޷ҲˣھҪסôˣ
ʱѴʳôĺзһת;ҲõԱŻңҶԱ˵ˣѧԣѧѺס޷ȫ˸ң˵ģҲûϹ죬ҪǲǮ˵ǵԱУҲҪ˯ﲻߣ
ʱԼˡ
Ϊļζֳһѵ̬ǵǣҲпΪ͡Ϊ᳤ԷʱѸϵãҲŶԷʱ̬Ȳá
ʱԸͲ̫ϲѧУｻҲϰΪҲ־ڴˡ
һ˶ѧУﰲ
ÿڴǰʦǰͬѧĴſ˯ķʱܻΪȫʮ˯ر
֪ΪʱϿεıֵԱ̬ɶΪʱҪǮѧĴ׶Ρ
֮ʱȥԱҲû˵Ҫѧ飬
ۿѧУѭ浸˿а£ʱǰʱȱľҲ֮ľҲ˲١
ʱӻѧУԺû߳УſˣĩûȥʲôºųѾ˲ԼϰҪԼʲô顣
ϣ˯ͷķʱʳʱѾʣʲôˡ
ʳõķĺѳԣʱʱһֱţеԼθ˲Сĥʱʱ䰭ɬûõ
ѧУ¥ýҪѧƵѧУԼȥȡ
ʱʱѾͦʱʳһȦֺܶരڶѾرա
ѧУĿһʱԼڻߵѧУſڡ
ԶԶģУſӵ̯
θյķʱһڿˮûסǰһ
ϰ壬Ҫһӣӵӳ
õģ˿飬Եһ
ʱͳֻɨ֧˹ȥ
Ӻ󣬷ʱõļȥǰ̯Щըһţ̡
ʱֲϹԼըһֶţһż߱߳ԡ
߻صѧУŵʱѧУžȻ֪ʲôʱˣʱֻܳǰŻȥ
·ƻһյʱԽԽǸоԣԶĶҲ
Ȼʵ֤ĸоûг
ʱԶԶǰԼֳӰҧĶͣס
ӣɽҺҰ
ϰ쳹ԣһ̣ʱﶫһ˦ͷתͳȥ
ʱü죬оԼٶȣ·۾ûʲôŲһҲͣ¡
죬ˡ
ϣϡ
ʱƾԼСģսһխһͰ档
Լ죬ԼȥֺΪȵĽŰǻײ졣
ºڣ֪һɢĽŲеÿһԼĩϣʱ־֮Уһ˭ɣ·Ӧûͬѧ·ɣʱеˣҲӦûаɣ˾ȾԼɡ
ڣ·Լֿ˸Ц
ʱŲתͷ͡һ㵵ؿŶͰԱߵԼ
ʲô
͡ʱ򣬷ʱ˲侪صɴָۣ촽ϣѹ꣡˵С㣡
͡ʱȴҲǿʼ˲ԣǰֵϸϸѰ˵
СӶȥˡ
Ƶģһת˾Ͳˣˮȥ˰
ϻˣò¶ͷɲˡ
˵֡
͡վ￴ʱŵøʲôƵԴʲôãֻν
Ҿ֪Ƿѵƽʱţ
͡˸վţֱ۱ǰȫӹʱı飬һιŸأ
꣬͡㲻˷ʱذˡ
ʱΪֶһܵʱΪһ
ʱյײײܵͬڣһͱһֱߵϣӺײǽҽһ
ܣҽ㻹ܣ
ֻҪϽߣʱʱڵϣ˵һԼԴ
ϰʱƳˣ㿴ӹܵס㼸š
ϰͣס
ϰ峯ǰߵʱǰµ˽ڵϵķʱ÷ʱ
ʱϰӸԼϻǹһЦǺǵĺͰݡ
ӣôǽİ˵˼ܣȥˣ
ʱ˵ǣϰ壬ҽͣҲܣûǮˣҡڻ¾ʣ˰ٿǮˣҪҪת㡣
򷢽лءϰʱҲЦˡ
ûƭ㡭ʱǰˣŵöˣϰ壬˴̧֡
ϰʱ̾ҲԸ̧֣˵ĳǮҵ渶ˣȴԸ⻹ǮĵҺĸʱǮ㵹ã
Ҳǲǡǡʱͫӳճ־Ӱӣʾ֭ƣǿѧˣܵûѧɣ治ǹ
ӣµ㻹ЩŪҡϰҡҡͷȻĲϣǱ㲻ٶ˵ˡ
վȥ˸̣ԸǿŰɡ
ʱ˲ȣϰ庰𣬱ٸҵʱ䣬һǮһ
ϰЦһʱ־ԼܻˣСӣһ֣Ǹ㳤ԡ˵һ֣ס죬ѧУС㣬
ʱס죬ϵȥ˰סļһ˹ץסĽš
һƿ֮ʱۿǰҪԼϥǹǣƴץסŵȴû͵һ
һȥҵĽϣʱס͵һ鴤

ʱͫȻŴһ˲·һԼ׶ѵھҵʹ֮£ֽ
ץסʱʱɿ֣ʱȴûһ˿һ˺£һСںҹ԰׵úˣ渡һ亹
ʱ̱ڵϡ
ϰʱӣԼ̶˵ϣھ뷽ʱǰһĵط
ϰŲͷ
ؾȥʵ㣬Ҹ·ҪôǮҴչҪôҰϵˣҸһڵʱ䣬ԼǺãȻ»ؾͲǶһôˡ
ϰѻ˵꣬һ̧֣ߡ
ʱһǲ̫ʹˣϴľʹʹ޷ϰ˵ЩʲôڵϣֻԼҵķŴ˵ĺ
ʱϵˮͺˮһڵ۵ͷѣΣ۾
ɵ˵͡ʱӽ˳ʵܵһķʱ죬úһ·ʱѵӣȴû뵽Ⱥôݡ
ԭΪʱǵȺУѧֻȺҪЩҫƵķʱǮ
͡ʱŲŽŲߵ˷ʱǰʱôһϢڵϣûһ˿ѪɫӣѾˡ
͡ȷʵ˰죬ȴûڷʱһԴأǿɲҪֳˡ
͡ɲѣսսóֻȷϷʱԴûһ̯Ѫһ
ʱʱۣѴϢŵҲʾ˵úء
͡Ҷ֪
㡭Ҳҡ͡鲻ѣ˭Լƽʱ£ֵܹ˭Ҳ֪ǻôǲǡ
һ˵һȥͷʱĿڴֻԺ󣬴򿪷ʱֻϵһ·ʱļˣȴڵ㿪ͨʱ򣬷һʮǷʱȥȴܽӵĵ绰
͡˳ֵһ£Ȼ绰ԶҶϡ
͡»˼еһ룬ǰھҪƵˣ͡󲦴绰
ִϴմԡֻ𶯵
һۣǽ׿ĵ绰½
ιôˣ
׿˵ܣҸղŽӵһͨ绰Ƿʱġ
ôϵҾȥ㣬㻹Ĵϴβ˵㣿ִ֪ʱ˽׿ʲôĺôһֱľְôΪǣߡ
׿ԥһ˲ڵʱΣգĳʲôˡ
ҹʮһ㣬ƮϸϸܵСꡣ
ִĳͣںͬڣԶƣ谵խ
ʱ֪΢ϽʶԵǱȻĵƹ̵ۡ
ΪʹŤϣԭյ۾һ϶
ʱһɫ޴µִԼ߹Ȼ쳹ԡ
ִߵʱǰʱһ̯ڵϡ
ʱʱƴһ˿ǰһ㣬΢һֻŴͻᴫľս⡣
һֻ԰׵ģʪְִֵƵֹƵƤЬϣʱ
ִһ˫ʹ־̲ۣЬ涼ҪʱϣֲˮǺˮҺʪ
˵ȡңҪˡ


26 
ʱûǱҽԺʱѾʹιȥ
ȵĽ˷ǳأԹۣ͵ҽԺ̨ܿڶ
ҩûܻ˯ţҩЧɢòʱ͸оŵĽ׻ĵۡ
ҽһЩֹʹҩʱٴνƣĵ԰˯
Ž״صĹ֮⣬ʱֻһЩƤˣһ࣬Ǳߵģ֯ˣϥϸ첲в̶ͬȵĿĿڰļӡǡ
Щϵ֮⣬ʱľȻҲܵ˼Ĵˡ
Żˡ
˵׷ʱһʮͷӦôϴѧ͵ѧǰҲֻ֪ųʫóԳԺȺȣõ׶Ĵ̡
ڶգʱӲϻ˫ۣŵɢĲ̫ŵˮζͷѩ׵컨壬ʶԼҽԺ
䲡ĻãطVIPȻǷʱܹ֧ġ
ڴϵķʱתڿɳŵĽ׿ʱģģɢ־㤵ļѹγһЩʲôϡǵδ͡Լֻǲ˼롣
˿̿׿ʱ˲룬ȼϣ
׿ʱϴĶʱѾСɳվǰȥѯʵˣ廹ûоر
ʱҡҡͷûУֻнرۡ
ڶ죬۲֣׿ŶԷɫԴµİͷһףʣ׼õ͡
ʱӹԷݹʱ֪˿ȴΣֹֻסش£ţִأ
׿羪֮ӣӣͣƬ̣̲סĵ̾һ
ںҽ̸һ͸ýˡ
ʱŶһǺܲģڲϣһӽ࣬ںţһ۾ʱʱš
ڣڷʱһ࣬Եӵʱ򣬲űƿˡ
ʱ䣬ʱʵѾü¶ûмִˡ
ִһӣʱ㻹ڣͽ㱧ԹֲĻϰߣЩ̡
ִʱΪʯ࣬ƿܲԴͷţһ˫ǳɫè۶Ҳʧ˴ǰ鶯ǻ̻֮⡣
СЩ˲١
ִϣջߣûʲôرı飬ȴĪô˿ڲ˸о̫
ҽ˵Ժ󣬱˿ڷףʳҪ嵭ЩҪúþ£ҪҶԺʲô֢
ʱִһڰȥȻС˵ˮ
׿ʱҪͿѾǰһͷϵıӣ˹ȥ
һʼ׿ͰæӺõ¿ˮ
ʱӹˮͷཹེ˼ڣȻְѱӵݸִȥ۲Էɫ
Ƭ̺󣬷ʱʪһЩָѪɫ촽΢ִеСصл˵ллңҸҽҩѡ
ִĵػأ
úϢѾý˻ҽԺסʮͿԳԺˣúϢ
˵գתҪߡ
ʱ͵־Ҫȥקһ¶̫ǳ˿ڣ۵ɫˢס
ִʹ̲סüֹסŲˣ㻹֡
ʱͣ£첲ȥǸűֵļơ
ûطȥҳԺҳԺܲסһ󣬵ȹһұ֤ߣҾ㣬ұ֤
ʱһŻֲ̿ǰ
ˣкáҡ
ִŷʱ֪ԷǺֵܲÿˣнҵӣ󲿷ԭԼһɡ
Ǻܲʱ˵أִ뵽Լǿ鱻͵õıǸʱʱѾծĶˣͶ·ķʱ¡
ǿִӷʱҪˤͰȥˡ
ִƣûаֱӷʱҪȥծ᲻ξܱȣּ裬ҲΪԼҪԼĶʲôӦõĵط
ִʱ˿̣óεģĿ⿴ϵʽڣκܾδκػִľһ
ܿڷʱ̫飬ִʹޣڴ˿ҲΪѵأԸ΢ûܾ
Ϊʲô
ִʡ
ʱʱû֣Ĳִϣ¶ϵֻĸèǰ߶ˣʸűߵèӡ
ʱʱ촽ѹ־嵨أ˵ǵ˺ᡣ
·ݵʹѾ٣ҹķﻹǴű⡣
ִڳѳһ룬ָһȼһ̡
ҲǸջعɲǹⲻ㣬æ깫˾ѡַ£лȥ۾ۡӵ绰ﴫ
ִʣôͻȻˡ
ܸ˴ܹ£Ҹͬһģ׼ҵǸҪԾԾԵֲ̬Ļ̽ʣôвȤҪҪǡ
Ȥ
ִʵһֱѧרҵҲãҲã˵رȤ
Щóһĳɼ˵ӦõģҲûлù̫ĳɾ͸ֻ߱ʲô
ŬõرⲻӦֲƾյʲôֵϡ棿
ǡҪҪǡ
ִʱѧʱڣͺܶεЩڼѾģ˶Լ˵仰
ЩŷݣϷϷС
ִĴ⣬ִĩִĳ٣ܶεأѯʣҪҪǣ
ÿʱִϵؾܾ˵Ҫѧϰ
ѭ浸صأճ±ϸҪɳ񣬺ȫ¶ˡࡱµִûʲô뾭ѵѵģ󵨵¡
ݵִûԹشֻǳĬܾãúɵһ£ôҪҹȥ𣿡
ʱ˵С˾ɲܷ񣬲ҪʱĻʱҹ˾ǮûʹĻǹ˾Ĵɶ
ִʱڣڹнõǸˣֹջͷʼ
ʱҲЦǮǮٵ¡
ʱִҲյĲ߹һӰó
ִǽ׿
ǱִͻȻĳĬʶӦҪæǸɴ˵æɣ»ҹȥ㣬ҳԷ
ִţһ
绰Ҷϣ׿ʱſڣҵˣѾȥкˡ
ɣʱ㣬⣬Ҳſˡ
ִ˵꣬򿪳ţ̧ͷ޺ϡưɡĸ֣ͷƺƣǽ߻һ̯ˮ֪ǿյ©ˮ˵ľƣֻǱʲô
ǷʱִⱲҲ̤ĵط
ӳָֽҪȼӵͰ
׿³Ҫһ£ܣ²罻Ұɡ
£ִûǲҪ¶棬ʡʲôҪ鷳
ִȴһȻ̬˵ˡ
ȳǰߡ
׿ȺѵصıѾưɵҽϰ塰롱ˡ
ϰʱ򿴵ִɫ̫һʱûִ̫ܿĳ࣬Ҳܴ̽ԷǸݡ
λϰ壬ºǣ泡벻ˣʲô۲ܵͷ˵
ϰȻӪҲûˣе̫ԤУ뻣סԶúܣٲܱ֪͵ƻؽ̽һһӡ
ִҡҡͷ˵ܡ
ʱҲûʲôӣ̧۾ϰ壺ҽ˻Ǯġ
˭
ʱ
ϰһ֣ͷ⡱һʶСѼӵĽˣ֪͸ԼݹϢ˵շС类˰
˵ͷѾֹʶϰȴǲ壬ϹЦǺͺ˵˵ȻǻǮģȻ˵
ִʣһǷ˶٣
ϰʱʣ۾һûȿڻػִƮƮʣҪǮҪǮûŻСʲô
ϰָ֪Լ˶˷ʱ£ҲЩȻŪģǶԲסɣ⼸յϢͲҪˣǸܹǶٰʮš
ִԣʾ⽭׿Ǯϰ塣
׿˽ŵϰǰ
ִ˵ʱ˽ףסԺһ򣬼ǰʮһǶپʮ򡣡
ϰǮһֿæǰûȴ򿪿أʶﲻԡ
ôҽҩѻˣ˵˵⡭
û˵꣬ϰͱͻȻӵıס죬˲侪ֵưƱ˶һʱҲھưҲҳˡ
ӪҵգϰȺĻҲ
źɫװıڼŲڣձϰķϰյǽǡ
ִתȥ׿ΪǰһѹںĲҽ
ůӯڿУ·ֵ߲̣ϵȥصް
ʱҽԺסܺҲԺڰᵽסĵط塣
ִؽʱ򣬷ʱѾмˡ
ִʱǰԼǰͱ˵һʱֻ˯ײʱŴʯĽɳϿӣʱȻڿԼкܲȻƫȥӱִܺߡ
ʱķʱȻúսսΪ绹ȻΣա
ȫȻ֪еġᡱѾΪͬסԺһûסͱá
ͬʱΪгƻеĹױִҲõ˾ν͸л
Դһ֪ķʱִܶðȫͻȻõķﻹסһûõˡ
ӱǺڶģһǵʱһֱ鲻ôִ
ӻڷһѪż磬ǳִ֣ߵʱǰʱõңѵӻصˡ
ִʱﻹ߬żëӣ輸ϵһëѾһ롣
ټĿﰲʱԼִﾪɲǵԼ̸죬һĵҪԼҪסʲôʱͲˡ
ִѾԱ£ԵɳȥһЩʱȳȣʱŹҲδ̫⡣
ǷʱֻܽӲغִкһִ硣
ִĿ䵽ϡ
ʱûһ⣬ëִƼӺܺóԣ㳢
ֺеʣҪҪҰ
ִûоܾʱӣҲûгԣֽӷŵ˲輸ϡ
ʱĶû˵Ӳת˿ִ̾ĳĬҲϣһֱĬҪһЩҪȥĻĻ
ִûʲôϵ̨£Ҳûʲôԡ
ҰǷĶծˡִ̧۾ʱŶԷͷ࣬˳Űա
ͻȻԼʵûбҪڷʱôԿ࣬Ǳ˳ָ˷ʱӣ֮ϸĴУ뵽˿Уëֻ߱ʲôϸĶ
ִ΢ָϸϸĦʱǺ˵ҷٶģһ˰һҲϣ֪𣿡
ʱԭǰһ仰ʱ˲ȸԾͣһ˲ʱǸӳԻˣ䳾Ķܵˣ޷޼ҿɹķʱִֻĻʱͷ֤ˣⱲҲˣġ
ִû˵Ҳ֪ûţֻ˵÷ʱı֤Ҫֻʵ֪ʱĺ
ִΪѾҵõĺͷʱദķΪ˽ѵµʱⰲֹԾ
лл㣬ִ磬ҵĴˡʱʱûǺִлΪԼİծ
Ϣ֮󣬷ʱоԼ˳˲٣ܴڴˡ
̫ллˡ
ڷʱ׼ץԼ֣ʾлʱִһ¡
ִǵأôл
ʱץ˸գһ˲ȥִʱɷƵʱȴڳ˱Ķ
ʱǲϻִۣ˯أ˼ϤĶҲܹϳ
ǣڲ̫㣬ҽ˵ҪҺúáʱ˳ǣ¶һܽӲЦ
𣿡
ִ岻أ̵ʡ
ʱеҴˣִڴϴӲ˼ĸܣ⸱ӣҪʱ֪Ҫܶ
ֻл𣿡ִĿ䵽ʱȳ̺࣬˿ԵúǷ촽ϡ
ʱִĿ£һڿˮǰҲûĵ̫Σʹ÷ʱеѿͽš
û̧ͷܹоִһֱ
ʱǲòȥִ⿪
ִûнҲûƿ
Ӹµ䵽ʱԴϣ˿мķоԼСһȦְĴϡ
ִ֪ܵķʱֵúǳ˼ԼûбĻ·һ


27 
ʱ촽ĶǺȳһ֣һûط¡
ִѵϸһֽ˹ȥ
ʱΪûоΪҭǺԵˮһ˺ܾãúܴŰסûִǰŻ
ʱɳ˺ܾòŻ
ʱյʱġл⡱ִһ䡰úˡѾӽ뿪ˡ
ִδ
Ŀĺȷʱķʱ̫£㲻̫ˡ
ʱΪȽŲ㣬һ˴յĴʱˣЩơ
ڶ̶̵һִյ˷ʱʮƶƬԺͷԵĺɼţżȻֵϵͼһţԳԽĴ⡣
ʱָֻβɧִģʽ
ִܲͷǷԸ˽׿Ѿ˵ķʱһ綯͹ȥ
Ļû¿ƷʱĹ԰䡣
ĩʱʯµˡ
ִҹ°ȥ
Ϊʱ䣬ʱִ֪ˢһЩʳƹ㣬һֱӺըִִܹкãԼȥƷ
ִʱҲƺܹ˷ʱЩѥץģ̫ź򣬽շʱʯڲִԤˡ
ǰ췽ʱ⣬㷽ʱСԸһ١
ʱӷٶȺܿ죬ǽӵִҪ֪ͨ󣬾Ѿ׼
ʱʱ򣬿ִܿչȥ۾ؽһִ硣
ִ̧ۿһۣͷΪڽϵԵʡ
ִšһȻ⼸һֱ˵ҪȥԵĲʲô
ʱʱ򲢲ƽִԭûе㿪ȥӣǻشӿڴͳֻȻ㿪һӣͼ¶󣬵ݵִǰ
ңǲǿܰ
ִɨʱֻĻַʱֻһԵѺۡ
ִĿ䵽ƹͼϣǲ֪˶ٲ˾ɫزʳͼƬûٶ˵ʲôֻǸ߷ʱѵַ׿
ҵãͿһֱﲻʱִʮӲλӡ
ڵȴʱ䲻ִ̫ûвͷ
ִֿʱÿһʳдϣĶӡ
ǲųԣ̫
ǵȷֻʼԵʱ򣬷ʱÿ˶нԼ࣬ҳ˸ɾ
ҲִƷйоأиʢݵװ޷Ϊ˴֡
Ϊ̫ѳԣִҲ˼ӡ
·ݵڰʱЩȣʱϣϰϰ˸оˬ˲١
ʱԱ㣬ڰƬȦջ˲ٵ޺󣬺㡣
ִ棬ǰŴӲ߳ǰȥͣ
˸ߵͣʱߴߴִ˵ʱһϤ
ִ𣿡
ʱִͬʱŤͷ˾Զľ⣬кˡ
û뵽ɣǾȻݡ
ô㣡ʱʱݣѾȫһٴмƣݣɫغǮѾˣ㵽׻ô
ݵҲǳһ˲Ĳ죬ƺǱʱ̨ʡ
λҵĵͣǸһͣѣѳͣҲϡ档
Ⲣִ˿̵ûӰ죬ѾԤݻͷʱ֮Ĺϵô׼ȷĲ롣
ִڲݵڷʱϺмѹֲסĲͷԷʱ˵죬ȥϡ
ʱƺеģִ𽥱ñĿ£ǲ鲻ԸţִĻȻ˳
ִʱ򣬲Ųؽһ塣
ղڳ￴ִͷʱӰʱϳʱʱ򻹵ΪǷʱǮȴĲҪΪ㱨𣬱·߲ͨҪ辶Ůδ
һ˵ദĿüͷ΢վִջء
Ϻ꾫εݣ΢һĥͻعζˡ
ˣң̽һִϴβ˵ʶ𣿡
ִʵѾ̲סĵװһɴʱԼ״еػصʶ
Լλ׼ŮԼҲЩŭƤЦⲻЦ˵ִǶˣЩ£ˣǲӦڻǰЩ߰Ķɾء


28 
ִԣҲ΢ЦⲻǻûǧݵĻ˵οҲ˵ˣˣ⡣
һִ࣬ǳǳ΢ЦſԼѰζ֪ڵԼȥʫǼֵǷɫ¼˽⣬ԼĶŮĳ谮ȴʵʵġ
Ƣ˵ôᲢءЩ˼ϲ㣬ôǲЩ̫ˡ
ϲִ⻰ﰵǲǸ鷳
һҵЩеûĸ
ִʣִһλ͵ſڴ֮ǰʹʮŮѡ
û뵽ִڱ£˻Ƿʱ
ִͬݷɫ͸¶Ź֣ʣǡʻǣ
ҵҲûаԼŮƵĵ
ִǺɻûʵʲô
ݵֻʱʼˣȻԼȷʵҲʲô̸ʦĺõط
ִϣܾԼãȻȥ㸸鶩˵ʱ򣬲Ҫˡ
˵꣬˦˳ţһҪ뿪ļơ
ִҵãû뵽ѾҪʮˣʲô£ײȻȥҵø״ֱʲôûȨСӡ
ִѾȲãȴֺԣһ̵ܽǫ̬ͷƣġ
һִڽҹΣ뿪ˡ
ʱˣǵֵҲࡣ
һִܺӵĴĵ绰
ִҪŲһյ¿ƼϵǮ˵תһʽ𣬵תˣܿͻ
ִһԤϣƽȵִ棺֪𣿡
ִƺǼ䲻ϲִͷǮĸоܻܸܵоԼʮܣڵ绰ַ˵ô㻹ңִˣҪǲðָ绰˵
ִû˵
ִȴ߶߶˵һˣǽƽôյµĲҵһôˣ
ִָ̧Լüģͣٺþã˵һ䣺֪ˣ֮ǰһ˸תȥ
⻰˵꣬绰ͷִͺһǲ鲻Ը˵һ䣺лඡ
ִСǲִ޷ܵķΧڣִֻյܲ˱֪ǮȥҲ²ôĿЩǱˮнִνġתˡͻҲңңڵ¡
ִԤϵģִܺȻ˵ڶε绰Ϊͬ¡
һִŴյ¿Ƽ߳
֪յܲѾǿ֮ĩյ¿ƼһֱԷǳǿٶڷչʹҵһˮƽҪδ̫ߵָһ̣޿ɱĸеġ
Ҫֲôʽգյ¿Ƽ޷δյܲѪ
̯ӻֵһ̯ӻʲôıҪ
ִ߳˾ǰָŵǸ̵̻ұ紵䣬̧ͷһյ¿ƼҹϢĹơ
ý㣬һ֮С˵־˵ľŶΡ
Ҫһ¡
Ҳ˵ڽյµһУǲܹյº̵ܶʱֻ߼Ӳдʱ䣬ֱָ׼
Ҫķѵʱ;ȴԤ룬ִʮֵòʧ
οҵõʱִԲƫûôĴ磬ռҵһȫֽϡ
ôϿȥ缱ˡ
ִ𣬶ͰߵѾ׿ĳǰţ˽ȥ
ִԸ˵ȥ塣
ʱʱҲԼķš
һηȥ԰ɢʱû߶ãĽ׾ͿʼʹɴĽ󲢲ãȥҽԺһˣЩ˵ĸҩ
ԴǴҵֵĵͣżݺ󣬷ʱҲǽѰ˺ܾá
һ˵ʹּżֿ־ġ
ִĺݵŮ˼褽ˣôԺܲĽɫִķʱǻɸĴڡ
᲻һҲһЩвá
ִʱΪʱ⣬ûǰ֪ͨʱ
ʱ򣬷ʱڰҽķԸľͰҩݽš
ִһ߽䣬һҩζ
ִ磬ôˣʱʡ
ʱڴϣֻӨ׵ĽˮͰݵؾˣ
ôݽţ
ˮͰҩˮˣڴϵķʱԵëš
ִ䵽˷ʱĽϣʱĽŷӨץһɫëҲѰ˰˲ֹһȡ
ִϷʱۣѹ壬ϸϸʱ£ʵǺܾġ
ˡ
ִĿڷʱλã˶٣ܿ뵽ⲢҪϾʱԼһ𣬲ûʲôҪõĵط
ʱ֪Լɳϣûʲô飬һԼִԺ˿̵Щʲô
˽źȥڴոշźõĸҩһ򿪰װҩȻ͵ȥ˵ϡ
ʱڴϣ˯ĿȾü㣬һţ¶ƯģһյĽס
ͷϵĸҩ£Ʋ̫ǿʼֻ֪ԼܵЬ׼ЬӴȥ
ڶȥҽԺ׵ʱǽ׿ŷʱȥģҽõЩҩִ˽⡣
ʱأҽ˵˵̫ˣԺ궼ҪҿЩҩû¶ݡ
ִһ۴⣬񲢲ηʱ˵ǣûꡣ
ʱ˵ͻˡ
ִŷʱĪϣ첻֤꣬ʱ˵ǴģСʹ޲ǷʱһЩģȡϧСֶΡ
ִͳֻһȴյͼȷʵƶ´Ƭꡣ
ʱʳǮܵʹĽѵĺţ²ֵͬ顣
ִֻ̫ãʱǰٴκ˾н׿ļʹչ¶ִͬ˿̣߹ȥ﷽ʱҩ
ڷʱ˵ִһֱѵһģԺִҲֻÿεƵ
ϢִҲ̫߳ظ
ִʱ磬ߵӣƺҲ⣬ʱķβȫҲзա
ִѸҩҿʱʷʱôˣ
ʱ죬̧ۿִһִۣƤ
ܲܲҪ飿ʱСʡ
ܿʶҪжôԽǶôǿѣûȥִɫָϽ䣺ֻǲҪǸϻ쵰Ů顭
ִʱ򾭰ڵϣһֻס˷ʱĽףʱˮͰܿ콵±΢Ľ䵽ִȵ
ִ÷ʱĽŲԼϥϡ
ʱľٶŪЩ⧲˲̧˹ȥִҪѸҩԼ
ҩϼĴдʱִϥϵֻŲ֪Ϊ˳Сȶһ㼦Ƥ
߶ϡ
ʱͻҪִƾúЦҪ飿Ҫ˭飿𣿡
ִ˵ڣʱ˲ЩյʱƯеҪ˼˵һЩй˼褵Ļӡ
ִԻͰ鲢κλ룬˵Ҳصһ
οڱײһĻ˼褵Ķ˵յѾҡҡ׹ʱ̣Ҳ
ʱִŷʱʯ䣬һͷԺ
ϳЦ⻺Ĭ˼ִͻȻ̧ͷһ˫ڳʱ
ҪҪҽ飿
ʲô
ʱ˲ִ䲻ģĪģ֪ǼٵԼҪҪ飿
ʱʱҹӦƬ̻
ʱϣתͷȥ⣬ɫҹ˸Ѥõ̻
ִΪʱһڶͯʱдҵʱᱻκϣܺܺõؼע͡
ʱִһ֡
ʱڰĿӴƻִֿ
ִ뵽ʱҪһڷƱҲûҪôʱȥ飬ĸԸϵԼ
ϲϲִûйϵ
ʱͬ⣬ִ룬óծ˵¡
Ǻһ룬ִʱ˵ˣá


29 
ǰΪʱĽҩִѯʷʱҪҪƺǳӽҲܷϣһ൱ʲݵ顣
ִΪڷʱͬĽҪĿԣΪ˲ţ߾ԼãҪǷʱǰ̫࣬ǰԼ֪Ļɫܾ˵ʱǺ㣬ܲˡ
Ͼʱ㹻ޣֻӵдԣӦûѡִ
Ȼʱִ̻ʳŻشˡáִҲǵõҪĴ𸴡
ԺٳܣʱԼôʱûа취ǰԼЩʲôʸҡֻߡԸһԸء֮Ļ֮󣬺ܼ򵥵ľͿԺִһɢ
ִͬʱʱ˵𸴺һ룬ײִܿӷʱϲһЩ˵ɫʶʱ⡣
Ϊʱܿתͷһ۴ɫͷ׵̻תִʱϷɿ췺ɫȻͻȻǰӴ˹ȥסִ
ʱˣΪ̻ΪԼΪ׼ġ
ҶǵĻϵŷǳ沢Ҳʱ˵Ļ롣
ִûʲôرʱסŵԡ¶ҩζһζϲƺЩ״ΣǱ޴ϲε
˵ִ磬û뵽û뵽
ְִƿЩ˾ʱͮͮգǼѾ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôˡ
һʱƮɨԼʹִƿһЩǻڶԷϰʱͻȻֵⳡﻹȱٵؼĶ
ִСԼ˵ҡôûнָء
ִʶʱǰԼѾ뵽һһŲţΪ̫̫ݽɫͻȻ÷ʱЦеĳ̶ȣ룬ʱεҲ˼죬ֺαضѿ࣬ộʱγʸҲء
ʱҪִ׵˵ԡ
ʢҩˮľͰ˳ȥ󣬷ҩζ·ϵͳ£õš
һϣʱ˷ܣִҪҲϣǳѵõؼͦ
ִ˯ϣǺܺõķʱͷѵؼֵʱ̡
ȻһΪȿܣѾڵƣƤҲһֱڴˣʱͷȴţû⡣
ִ˯ź󣬷ʱ˸Ż谵й۲ִȻܹģȷϳһӢ
ʱĬĬ룬㣬û뵽λֵôףҪϿңӦҲοɡ
뵽ִԼκγϲԼɡ
ϲԼˣ²޳޷޼ҿɹķʱʲôִֵͼء
ȻִǶԼ䲻ȵģǱϾҲԼծԼҽҩѣֺԼһϸִȻѾΪԼô࣬ȴûпġ
ʱʹ壬ЩϲѰأһ˯ִ
оԼᵽ˾Υů
ִ⼸ȥԼҵĹ
ʱ˾ѡַѾöȥſһȦϹֽԼСŶӵͬʶ
ִԹĹ˾滮нһ˽⣬ǶǷ룬δ׼
ӹֱִȥ˽ȥӷʱ
ִܿʵĳŵʱȥ鱦ȥ䡣
ִʱƻһ鱦ꡣ
ź󣬵Աع񣺡ãҪѡʲôƷء
ִûʲôڵ˵ѡ䣬¿ĶԽƼ𣿡
Աһ㶣Ŀִվఫһͷķʱɨ󣬺ܿ⣬Цݲǳȥһ˵Խ䶼
ʱڹ̨ϿЩпĽָоЩʽô
ִһǳԼĿʽʾԱó
ʱʱѾתƵŮʿָչ̨￴һǶһŴʯĽָ
ִʱ򿴵ʱŮʿָü첽˹ȥ
ʱ
ִ˷ʱһʱתִѾһöǶһŴʯĽָϡ
㡭ִһ֡
ʱæһֻֻסԼŽִָ֣Ե˵ЩҶϲҪ
ִͣͬʱ䣬ֻöԵ÷ǳ䣬ҪǷǳԵһŮʿָ
ҴҲոպáʱ˵
ܶʱִ÷ʱϲѾʫòˣƫѾ̶Ϻͳʫܸ֪ͬԼӦϲʲôЩѡǶԳʫõäĿŴ¡
뷽ʱӴĺܶʱִ̣úܴĺסԼѯʣʱСʱǲ͵ȹӵ¡
뵽ִûʲô˵ı㡣
ʱյóѣԸԳõһö䡣
ֻǴ˿̵̨ϵЩչʾƷʱժ
öָӦûڶɺܵҪһЩʱ䡣
ִѡǿûʲôƵģ򵥵пָ
ͷʱöָһ𣬲κ˻Ϊһ׶Խ䣬ǴɫɫϻƿʽϣûκγɶԳ׵˼
ͺִͷʱˣ˿Ҳûκΰĵط
ڰѷʱͻؽǰִڳ֪ͨʱһý׿ʱȥѧУѧ
ʱ˼ἰ类ѧУȰ˶ص¼뵽ͶѧУеᷳСҲϲѧϰ飬ִѧʱﻹǸ˵ġ
ǣʱͻش𣺡á
ִʱĻشֲ˵·ݿѧǰһΪѡһѧУ
ԭΪԳ׸ѧУķʱһ㶣̲סʣʲôѧУ
ܿ뵽ʲô㲻Ҫ͵ȥɣ
㣬ֻЩﲻѧĸǱȥһ
ִƳ˷ʱһۣʲôЦĻ𣿡
ʱҡҡͷ˵ᡣ
뵽ԲִͨԼ͵⣬Լһزĵطһôµ¡
ֹȥսִ˵Ҳһ
ǲҪȥˡ
ʱִֹûʲôֻǺƣؽԴϣ۾
׿ԷʱϢ˵εĵ飬Ҳϸ׼ȷһΡ
ʹʲݣѡ̬ҲܷܣϾǽѡִֶɶǣܵӣҪѹڷʱϢ޾ϸӲܷġ
׿һЩϵŵִİ칫ϣܹ鵽ľֻЩˡ
Ѿһ飬֮ǰЩϲ̫룬ֻһ㡭
ִسһ𿪣ó
׿ԥʱƺСʱմȾһЩªϰ
ʲô
͵ԡ׿˵ȥĴ̽ڽַھӼġ
ִһ٣뵽Ҫһ⣬ʣô꣬ĸûҹϵ
׿ش𣺡ûеġȥȥĸСװʱѯǼмӣֻ˵һڰ⡣
ʱСǸӵĴڣִһﰵһڵ֪Ʒв˵ķʱ⵽˵¸еһ˿޷˵İ
ʱһ̯࣬˾ǹϲ˼ţҲκ˻ʲô
ִеļʱСʱƬŻڹ¶ԺʱڣӣݣСûϸݵһز涥һŴԴһ˫ռС̵̫۾ҲΪûʲô⣬Գͻأ
̫֮ǵ򱾵ˡ
С͵ûڵ¼¼ֻû˱ִ״ѯʣļƬ
׿˵ûС˵˶٣ΪǸʱڲʮң͵ĶǳԵʳ
ʹǶ͵ΪʹĴˣܿڶԷС͵ĲǴƱֻǳʳķϣСǶˣҲԸһɡ


30 
һ죬׿ʱѧУȥѧ
ʱڿʹѧУҺȺֱҰǳ׸
֪ϰ˶µһ죬͡ûдС¶ԼλãҲܲģɶ͡Ϊʹޡ
ȥѧǰʱΪԼһ·ȥ˸ͣ׿¿εʱ·ѧᣬȻɵǣûײȺǡ
˷ʱΪ볡ݣֻԼˡ
ִ壬ŵݸӭԼķʱһ
ʲô
ʱ𿪰װʱһ¿ֻ
̾û뵽ִϸģ֪ʲôʱѾȷʵӦûֻ¡
ԼӱϽϾˤѵֻóϲִչȥִĲһڣִ磬лл㡣
͵Ϯûʲôִޱֲ̧ԼʲôҲûմϵĲŷʱѾԹȥһԻֻ
ʱֻݴ䵽ֻϣҪһЩʱ䣬ɴȥԼˮ
ִ磬ҵˮˣһʢһ㳢˵Աߡ
˵ˮʵǷʱˮ˼ԼϲԵģͳͳж磬˹
ִ޿޲ɵءšһڿɳϣѯʽ׿ʱĻպǩ֤顣
ʱʱֻһ¡
ִùֻĿ䵽ֻĻϣַʱûиֻϰߣûʲôػ󿴵һעΪСФںͷʱϢ
Իִؿ֮ĶԻ
ϢǰʲôʱѣôӰˣ
ʱظˣ²ܶأˣҪˡ
һܺСФԲۣưûˣ֪ĸ˸ɵģǷˡ
ִŷʱĻظ
ֺĵ꣬ϰ͸ñץˣŭ飩ԺҲˣû˾û˰ɣ
СФôˣװϴˡ
Իоǽ·ģַµطλ÷ˡ
СФȱһ
ִʱĺбСţСһʮ
ѡִ
ʱˮʱ򣬿ִŵԼֻ
æ£ΪżæţЩˮ֡
ôԴתʾ֭ǡ֮ǰһСϺѣƣѡ
ִָĻٶȺܿػ˼£ЦЦŷʱ˵ԺǲҪˣֶ
úúã֪ˡ
ִڷʱԼֻʱûʲôˡ
ʱӹһĺбִա
õڶ죬ִʱ˷ɻȥ⡣
ʵǷʱһɻΪ˲¶ӣһ·򶨣ִ
ΪͻĻ٣ִǺײһЩš
ֽŵȵ˷ɻϰ⡣
ʱߵССĻմڣֿɻյʱͦǰĺʱһֱſڻտƶƬƬڵʱ̬ȫͬԵ쳣׳ۡ
û̶ãʱͿʼֻŴա
ִһֱûЩСҹæ̫ڷɻ׼һ
Ѿ뿪յ¿ƼʱһֱﰵæһЩĿĺβŹҲʡһִĿƼ˾뿪ҡ
ִʱܽţΪ֮ǰ̶˼褵ĶʱԽԽһֱҲûȷ̬ȣò׼ݻʲôʱʵǸͬͱҵȥ
ܾãҵýɨسŵʱѾˡ
ߣ·˰˸Сʱķɻִ뷽ʱھƵһҹ󣬵ڶձŷʱֱǼǴ
ʱڷȻͬĽȺһ·۾Ƶģץִĸ첲Ÿʣһ·ߴߴûꡣ
ִûĻȴÿһλ··ʱʱ˵ˡ
Ǵӳ⳵ߵǼǴʱִˣ顰ˡһ顰衱顰׸ӡ
ڵڣִһ㡣
ʱʱŵ͵Ӧһ˰һ˫ʢס۾ȴ̲סת
ʱִǼǴĹԱڽЩʲôֻǰִҪóҪԼõִָ֤ĵطǩ֡
ŹԱһ˹
ʱӹǰЦݴЩ׵˵ݸԼ֤
˹Qءڷʱֽӹ֤ʱԼһۺ󣬺ִ˵
оԷԼķʱһСø첲ִһ£˵ʲô
ʱӢˮƽɥʧִɨش˵˵㿴ܱ
һֱΪزطһֱ΢ִ벽ķʱ뿪ǼǴʱ򣬿мƵ߳ȥһ
ִʱͺ󣬷ʱѾָ뿪²ִǽ漸죿
һߣһ߲ӣִ˵ǽȥĦֺ𣿡
ִ˵ǳ˽һຽȥ
ʱϲõЦݽסüͷ𣬡һȥ𣿡
⵱ȻУִкܶҪһ˾ΪߵǼ̣ѾɣûбҪͣ
ʱץסִĸ첲У˵ľĦֿԸеľ󡣡
ʱ΢ֲ˵ң˵һĦֵ£һ
ִ԰ΪͷΪе֮Աǣ˿̿ʱץԼ֣ԼĿǿ
ϣԼһ
ǶѾ֤ˣǺϷޣͬͷʱȥĦ֣ʱҪĽֵϣץԼĸ첲ҡ˵ܶ顰ϹҪȥҪȥִĽֵ϶ô졣
ΪǰŸ߳ãžֱִӵؾܾʱһԵǳпĮ
ִ˼һ£ģĵضԷʱ˵ʱĽŸպòãûа취̫Զ·Ҳûа취̫ãʱ䣬´档
ʱԣʱҲͷһԼصĽţ˺ܾòջߣǾúΪִȷʵеǺܾɥ˵ðɣ´ɡ
ʵϷʱִһҲûرִִĻϵԷʱ˵޹鰮Ҳζźܶ࣬粻ٰܶƶٹ¶
ķʱù¶ƶһµ顣
ǾܣִڴϲʱǷʱҲԸִܺɼͥܶһ
ʱõκʵİ͹ػôִܹ㾡ĳķܽڣܶʱ򲻽̬жϳִԴԼһУϵģİȻͬ
ΪʱδʶʱҲ޴ӶԱȡ
ǴҲпԭ
ʱִŵģһϳɻϻعڡ
ɻʱѾʱţССĻմѾκξһƬʱҲٹ
ֳһűִֽ˵ʲôʱȥĻɴգ
ִԣɫؿ˷ʱһۣ˵ʱҺͼﻹûгڲǴЩʱ򡣡
ʱʱչȥʣǻ𣿡
ǰʫõѣʫóȥܶط
ִüʼ÷ʱȡⲢʲôϰߡ
ִʱ䲢ָܷ˵ķʱ̫ࡣ
Ժ˵ִ˵㡣
ʱķʱȷʵΪһı̫ۣɫѺڣû׷ִôʲôûУֻ̾˿Լϵ䡣
ţһö䣬ִ֤ġ


31 
ʱ䲽ļ⼸࣬ƺΪ꼾Եʣһֱʪʪ
ִϳʱлƯϸܵ顣
ڵȵһ졣
ڰʱӵҵټĵ绰
ҵǰռլȥƻһģΪЧһֱסţûаͷ±Ҳ
ƻĽɽˮĵؽ磬·ʱΧ̻ʮֵλĿһƬ̡
Ұ֪ûģоҲࡣ
ִ³ʱ׿Žȥ
Ԥϵִ̫̽˽£ǽ׿ʮʶʱرʾԼĻҵȴɡ
ִҵס¥㣬źִɳĿԼҵá
ִû￴ִӰ²յ±Ѿ㹻罹ͷöûܳʱ䣬ⳡԿԼЦĳ档
±Ҳûг棬ִĿɨ׷һȽյķš
ִ߻ص˫ְڹϣľѹȸеĿԼҵã߹ȥһ֡
ǸһߵҵøǰҵþվϵһƬͷִ˹
ִϱƬҳ΢ĴʹУ黹ƽ
ҵȻʮŭһֱΪСӣȫ޷ᱳ¡
Сִս̿ʽĳɳ´ڷܣҵһ鼮̵Ʒִ
û뵽һ죬ִķʽ
һʼﰵ£һţֱֱҵƺָɢڵƬֱЩõҵǰ
ô£
ִӡƬҳĺۣǳǳŽµƬ΢ɨ
ƤЬǰһڽǰʱֱ۴ӳƬΪ߻谵ֻܿ巽ʱİ
ǰǴûĴڴ͵ģʱιԼƬǻзʱסԼӹԼϵա
ʲݿţִҲЩ洫ܰУеİ
ϻǲ¶ɫأҵ׳֤ݣʾȷʵʵ
Բ𣬰֣ȷʵǺһˡ
ҵһ˲䣬ܴվ˫ЩЩվˣǰһ˲ȥִվԼǰüܿԼʱ
֮ǰʹ㣬㲻˵ôˣҵòִ֪ö˶˵ôͻȻһеĸһ
ȥкıһǲŭкȻȥݼֵ÷зǸŮ˵ĵܵܡ
ôǰִͳʫôŵǸСľ£ǲ׽Ӱ˵֮ǰѾһ
㣿
ҵõ̳ϳ꣬ʲôʲôûʶֻŪСɼСͻȻҪʣ˵ִֻôһֱû׵ķ֡
ҵΪִʹϲеģôԷҲӦһƷжׯţֻ벩ѧʶڵĳص͡
ΪʲôᱻһǸֵģѧȫһͿһŮ˴СĻˣ
ûʲôģ氮ִŲ侲ĹעһΪƹˤľ
̬ҵ˲䱩ŭ㹷ƨ氮֪֪ǱΪҪǼһڻ飿֪֪ʲôĺҿֱˮ
ҵصִСһʡģĴҲȻִһʱͿߴ˵;ˡ
ִһԲӣҵǿѹͷĻ
µҵִҲûʲôõİ취ˣѵСʱһѵ
ҵõһ˲ִܸ࣬ܲģ
ִ˵ôģվ̧ҵò㲻ܵضӣȻѾˣҲˣ˼褲һڻ飬ҸҲһ᲻ɻˡ
˵ҲϲŮˣҲãҲգҶѾͷʱڹǼǽˡ
ϢһҵõһŵĹչֱ̧ӸִһӣΪߣҵۻ軨ɳϣڴ
ɳϣչִָҪһҪһУ͸ҹȥռңǼҿɶôˣ
ô꣬㣬ҪĲҵģһѼӵǼǽ飡ҵŭôվǰ˵
±ʱƺΪĶҲӷ˳
ִҵް߰׵ͷԼƺʧ͸ߺ޲ѵĿ⡣
ִһʱ䲢޷ȷϣΪԼ׵ҵã޷ԼǸͬ޷Լ˳ӣٰŵĹߣ޷ԼΪͬ޷¶޷ٽҵΪ档
Ǻܿ죬ִ㲻ٽֶ˼˵ãһռһϣԺռûˣҲ
һת뿪ǰִ˵յ¿ƼҲһҶһТġ
±ִĻһϣһ˿⣬ƺҪҵԳְмӵĸ׸Ϊ˽ִһ㡣
Цһִα¶Ǹļ￴˽ġ
ôòռҵһУ׼ȫҪˣ
һеġ
ִûлͷ룬ǵģòȫȫҪˣʹܾȣҲԸΪִ涵ףԸȫˡ
ִҵԼռҵʱִûģҲûظĸо
ʱȥ̫ãѾܹ˺ҵݸТϷ룬ҲܹռլԶζķˣܹСʱͿʼҵúͳ±ǰǫøִԼҪĶһҵõġ¡ܹѵܹ
ִԲһǳº͵ˣеͣʮһյıܹҪĶҲǲܼ
ʵˣִƴãҲֻһִƽֵĽʱӦѡ˳
ִԸˣ޷ܣִʲôҪŬͰͿԺõҪྫʱܵõĶ
ʶʵ޷ͥ
ǰһֱƽ˾ºͺһֱڱݣһֱ͡
һʽС䵱Ӯִһ̣Ϊʱ뿪뿪յ£뿪ƻһʼ޷ļͥ˼·ɵ¼ͥϣʼµ
ִĵ׷ʱϲûʲôԵ仯ִԹĽ׿ܴһЩϸ֦ĩִ鲢̫á
ִϺ˾ƣҹʱý׿͵˽塣
ִʱĴߣʱʱѾ˯졣
ΪԵʣʱֻһСãû˯زӣűȡ
С󼸺ûв̤ÿһִŴ˯ģӳͿʼв̤ÿһķʱ
ŷʱΪʱİ˵⣬۵ϣδʵӤʡ
ָʱա
ִܶʱʣûϵʱʲôҲûϵûҲûϵ𣬻һͿҲ¶ЦһٲͶѣҲеҸ
˼鰡ʱʲôûºۼ
ΪûҰģԲӯ
ִָ̧ʱգĦеڳһϳ˿̣ԸϳŵȴĵִʱĶĵصиԼĳԴ˻οģһޡ
һһ˯ߵķʱֻоҹһִֻóһֱڶԼ˸ֻ̧һ£ó澹Ȼ׷ϣϲߡ
ִжյ¿ƼִܲһְϢܿ촫ڼִ滹ִָ绰ǲĺͰְַΪһĻɫִú˵ܶε绰
ִյòٴͣ˼죬ִָ绰ƺԼһЩĳغִ˵ȥҵõǸֻȥռլá
ִ˵ôˣǵ֮ռ̨𣿡
ִù˵绰
һִ֮յ¿Ƽ߲İ칫ϵһֱ֧ʣ׷ŽͲ
վһԵĽ׿Щ²⣬ȴû뵽ִߵôͻȻô
׿ʵǺٻ˵ִԼĻģȴ˿̻ǿڣʵܾϲʱ߾ǣҲûбҪҪǼǽ顭˳ŭҵãϳϡ
ִش˵ֻߣֻҰ޾ֹȰţһݡ
ִŴյ¿ƼһֱԼߵĽ׿ǲ˽׿Ĭһ˲󣬽˵ҴӦҰ֣κΣ뿪
׿ԣ˵˷ʱ
ִԺؿ˽׿һۣʱǰèС׿ʲô
ɫյ£кܺõǰ;·׿ʱִĽ׿ļ򣬴ӶԷ̶ӵɫһ˿Լ⡣
ִ˼Ƭ̣Ȱο׿ҴȻ˵㣬ǶԴ̣㲻õġ
˵䣬ִ̧뿪ˡ
׿Ϊְִ꣬뿪ʱȴִֻô仰
йִжյ¿ƼһְֵλҼ뿪ƻеϢѾֶߡ
ˣʱһϣŨīزʵһʡ
ʹһжǳִĲ߻һ꣬ܶִһһģֶθк꾫ùϣ˸Ըռҵһеĳ֡
òȻִϿǲκε۵㣬ֻǴһصģƷڵͬһΪƷͬ
ʱͲࡣ
׿ڹ˾ܶԷŹյ¿Ƽǰܲõķʱ̳˴ѧı죬˵ֶηǳǸƸĻ꾫ˡ
ֻӴʱĽ׿֪ࡣ
ںŹ˾Ա飬յ¿ƼӿһˣЩ뽭׿˵ͬйشµİԣ浱ִļҶҪ˵ʲôʱ
׿룬ֻ˵ǸðɵģƯĻӡ


32 
ȻôѡˣȻźһľִԼĴ𸴣ȻһʧȴûйȰ裬Ҳ顣
ִšһ
˵ǾԺʲô뷨Ҫ룬ʱԸҵ绰
ҪִͨͻȻȵȡ
Ȼһ飬ΪִҪڣץֶֻȻһô
ȴû뵽ִһ˲󣬻ʳѧʱڵѣÿǶ٣
ִͬһߵСУĸҲͨĹнײ㣬ִʱܵĽԴԶߵִһѧһרҵƾԼ˵Ŭȫִ츳
һ仰̫Զһʱǳʵһǧôˣ
ִõ𰸣ٶģصû£ˡ
ĩ̫ʢ£·ԵϣïҶɹҶԳ־ɥ
ִʱ򣬷ʱڿʮȵĿյڿɳϹһë̺
ڿûʲôӪĵսĿһƬϳԵĶƬӣɵ֡
ִŵƮɢŵʳƷζͷԼķʱһۣ֪ͨʰʰǽߡ
ʱʱʮֵĲΪ⣬ʵȥǵ·𣿡
ִ˵ô⣬Ҫȥĳˡ
Ϊʲôڱĵطֹ˾𣿡
ִʱѾΣǸɴ˵ǣΪұϳˣ׷ӵĲȨҵ¡
ʱϵЦ˲Ȼֹĳһ˰ͣͣ룬ǿٵĻһʲô
ִĵƳһ۵ϳֵսĿطʱʮֻıϣ㲻֪ҲǣҲעʲôزƾš
ʱ˿ִϵ飬һʱȷǲͬԼЦóֻϼŵϢ£Ϳйյ¿ƼִִܲжεϢ
ʱִŵ૳㡭Ʋ
ִûзϣǵءšһ
ʱһʱͷĿѣ·һƬҲòˣڵϡ
Ʋˣҽʲô鰡
ִƺǾúЦĲѡҿΪűϳŵĺ𣿡
ʱ̲סߣû뵽ǰŸţžͱš
ǲ˵ڲǴĵʱôᱻأʱңԽξѡ
ִڴʱŷʱѰ·ھı飬ɣһ˱ִԼĲƲȫĻǸһǷʱ
ִûκسʵ˭Ҫҵֱֻۣ͵͵ңزֳϵĲΪĵõҰǰôᱻϳš
ʱһʱֲ׽ִ仰Ĺؼƿڴݰζƺˣɳֱİضӣȥ
ʧǵҲᣬҲŲҪⶰߡ
ִʱѾķûʲôνʾԣ㲻ᣬȵʱ򱣰ᡣ
Ǹ첲šȣһ󣬷ʱԼһ䣬һСϴһ޼漦޹湷ġʧԹִͣڽСǰĳ
ʱ·࣬ǰִĺб֮󣬻·ҲһЩƶģͶصװִ˸ɾ
߰ٹһ˿һ죬СʱһµĳС
ʱڳ˯ţȵ˵طʱ򣬱ִѣʱ䶼Ѿ˰
ִͱ͵ˣʱһԼĴִ棬Сݡ
ͣʮ¥ǰ߳ȥ
֮󣬷ʱһ˵ϣĿɹȫķӣѿڶôС
һͨСƷװ޼Լͨһܲһٶʮƽףǰʱׯ԰ͽסıȫ޷Ƚϡ
ʱһʱ̫󣬾Լϵķﶼһңֻ۳Ͷ٣Сʱķʱû̫ٷɧֻ̾˿Լˤɳϣִһĵ棺ִ磬Ժס𣿡
ִʱһߣһ߻ش˵ǣססѧУ
仰ͷһʱõǰڣͷĿѣͻȻһĺŻ𳵺¡¡ʻ
ǷʱһμƤ𳵣ҲĸһδԼԶţԼ͵Ϫʮĵطѧ
һʼ˵ĩԼǸû˵źٻҲû
ȥѧУһûʵɣҪΪ˳˦ʱ鷳
ҪҲҪȥѧУסޡʱҡͷǱִĻŵʮֿܵӡ
ʱʱͲһȺĺӣСʱ򴩵û棬˳ɼŮԸҲϲ˽ֺܲڣż
ԽˣʱԽǿܽκ롰塱صĻԼ־񣬵־е¶һԵ顣
ǱʲôסִòƴԶԶĵطʵûжԶķ̫СˣԾԶľ롣
ҵ˲ͣܿ͵һ·극ȥѧУѧУ쿪ѧǰȥһӦһ»
ʱҡͷظ˵ҲҪסУ
ڷʱİ⣬ȻҪõߣʱҪɱɱԣء
ʱеϰ߶̫Ϣңʱҹèһͨһҹڶֱӵ磬һֻʳһͣҪȻԼθڵıʳԼԵθĳ
ְִ¹˾һȫ»ҲҪӦ֣տʼʱ϶æӰǳ̬ûʱ͹ȥ˷ʱ
ηʱǰùҹػӣȥµѧУҲ÷ʱǰƵؿΡ
ִʱһ飬ûдԼĺ߳黹ûиҪµĻĳ˵ƺЩѡ
ÿȥÿϢʱ䣬ҲԻ
ʱһʱ䲢ȷִ˵Ļʵģǽֻǻ֮ƣΪƲִѾûǮˣϴԼôһƿ
ʱһ˵Ҳȥסޡ
ִ˵ûʱѧ
ҿԼ
ִҪӰ࣬°ҵ㣬ÿԳֵķʱ
ʱִҪ̸еĶִûбҪһҪ˵ֻ˷ʱһ˵ҪסУһ㲻Ҫ⡣
ʱ˵ǣǱصѧͬ⣬ѧУᣬ߶ġ˵ʱǶִֶʣҵѧУڱذɣ
ִûɵһۣȻء
ʱǿ΢˿ڲûԶŵʮĺӣûа취Ǻܶǰ͵ѧУҲȥֱղŽʱѾС֣дСӦúܺҡ
һٷʱԵִûκλء
ʱǳ㱣֪Ϊʲôһ֮Ҫر
ͳ꣬΢Ϣִ˳Կ׳ţ֪ʱԼú¥µ
ִ¥³ʮңʱĥĥ¥
һ·ϷʱˣضŴ
ִʱҵѧУһ˽ѧУΪϸѧҲ͡
¥רŸʦ
ʱԼ䣬ִǰʦͨһ仰Ҳûǰߣ껹ںƮ
ִҲԷʱԸ˽⣬סУһ˿
ʦִѡ£ߵ¥㾡ͷĵ乫ԢǵķӣҲǱͨ࣬ࡣ
ִȥĶʮּ򵥣һΣһŵ˴ǽһ¹񣬲еԡ£ǶԵ۸
ʦǴ򵥽ܺ󣬾˳ȥʱٽѧܶҳѧһЩ־Ըֵ߰һ֣ЩѲļҳӦҪĳ档
㲻ϲͱһססҲУִʱʱ򣬼һҪ޳
ʱ۾Щ죬ִܵͣ磬ĲסУһȥɡ
ִȴûʲô飬ûκ߶ݵ˼õָ֪ʱ£ûټ۵ıҪ
ʱվſڵλã߬Լˣָ÷ס
ִ˵ÿµǧһÿµ³Уĩֱ㡣
ִ֪ܵһԴʱܻ᲻ܿƵغܿ컨ꡣ
׵ִоѾûʲôҪ˵ĺ㳯ǰ˼뿴ʱ⸱Ҫ޲ޣ
оʱܴܽ飬ֱкӡ
ʱҪߣûסǰ׷һ׷ʵʲôʱң
ִĵظһ飺壬¿κһѧУ㡣ŷʱ˵ڻȥԼᣬԼĴ̺ã·ŵ¹úϢ
ִ뿪¥ߵ·ĳǰʱֻ
绰һ𣬾绰ﴫĳવĿʱߺ
㣬ĲһסУһȥɡ
֮ǰڽҲһס
ʱſǻģ˵ǲһڼ
ִĬһ˲ٴ˵Ѿ˵ˣסУҽһʱæûʱ㡣
Ҳܣ㣬ҲӷСˣһ٣ǮҪҶʱ޵һ˵㡭
Ŀִķңǲ˵ٿҲûã˵ˣҡ
ִҪҶϵ绰ͼʱſüҪҪҵ绰
ٴ̵ִʯĳʱһ˳ȥö࣬ҭҭʣʲôʱҡ
ִͷһθоʱѲֻʱ˵ʱҸղѾ˵ˣҲظ
ʱǺܲΣһ׷ʣһ㱣֤𣿡
ΪǰѣԶţִ侲ҪٿˣȥϴʰԼȻ˯˵һ䣬ִҶ˵绰
ڳִҵ绰󣬿Ϊʱղſ޵̫ҵԵʣڶǻ뻹δɢ
ֶֻ˸ʻϣûзͳȼһ̡֧
Ӵĳ⣬ѧУ¥¥һ䣬һ֧̳꣬ƻһֱš
ִ֪ʱֿ˶ãȵʮӺ󣬿յˡ
ִ˳ϳĺһ룬̾÷ʱǸеģỳУԺ󲻻С


33 
ִϱռҸϳһϵļƣΪʱһеĺӡ
ִӲû׼顣
ԼǰͶʻһǮյ¿Ƽûй
ձıϳźͳϵ⵰
ڴС׷ӻǮȻ󣬵ǾְĴƼλúܽҸһЩ̳ڼͥԶеڣͨҲܱ
ĵƣִŽ¼ҵλѡ
ְƼ֮ǰִԶƻеʱѾͶ˼һ𲽱յܶĹ˾ҵҲҪյ³ܶࡣ
Ͷ֮󣬴ƼĶ³ֱӸִ˵绰
ִƯЩĳɼҲĿãôƼҲǵҵôӹ˾ϳӣԷҵ¸صǰһ滰˵ûиҹһִûɶֻȥô죿
һϼžʹĳװѿִأ
յƻǺ壬Ҳ治ֻܵ죬쵽еĳ̶ȣִ̣Ǹ۹쵼ߣͶƼֵ֮ʣûա
ֻǣҲȷʵзգ˴ƼĶ³ԾԸִ˵绰
ڵ绰Ц˵һЩƼʵɱţ֮ƴĻִҲźͺǫ˼䣬Żһת˵ִзֹ˾CEOһְǲֻܸǴյµǲһֱִӿսֻǲ÷ڣյºʹҵȫغϣҲ𲽵յ´ϣִܹƼְֻܾҪгɼɽ˳µơ
ִںԾװףǾڷտѡ񲻼ĴҵŶǴ㿪ʼԾЩȨ˼ִûе졣
Ǵˣͨ׶ԷЩСžţִںԾ飬гɾ͡ȥ֮Ĵյȫա
ְִƼһ죬ԾᣬڻϺ¡صؽִڼǸִէܾӡ
ͬʱѾУ԰õķʱѧУ˵ǹÿ಻ԡ
ѧϿεһ죬ʱΪͷһϿ޵̫˯ûͷԣûʱʱ𴲣˳ٵʮӡ
ʦſվ˿жʮӲű
ʱɨü۵ģͷһ˫Ưè۶޵úףӽ̨ǰ߹ʱͬѧܶﳰЦԼ
ѾѧʱǳÿִϢΧŰӻȥੲݵ;ִѶص̬ȣÿ˯ǰ㿪ԼͷʱϢԻ򣬰Աߵʾ
⼸ҹʱڿʱʫãΨһ˵Ľ㣬ʫôԼ£ԼѧֻҪͿԡ
ѧУΣʱûſںκһλͬѧͬģҲûῴԸ죬ͷǶһһֱƵķʱ
ԽˣʱԽԱգεѧУһʽСݡ
ѧ죬ʱһᴲֺߺʱ̣ܲˡ
顱һ죬űϮ죬ʱ׵˫˲ſ۽ëϻһҪ飬岻ѡ
һ³û꣬ˣÿ϶ޣΪ¥ֹأò˯
ʱŵڱʱԼֱһ¡
ûһ㹫İṵ̂޿޿ޣ
ִʱҵ˽˼ԺУкܶ඼ĻˮƽߣҪѧһżѧĻˮƽձƫͣˮƽβ롣
ѧУʤڹϸÿޣ糿ҲϵҲϨơ
ʱӴǵ£ſôι̵ţܵ˻Ĵ
ʱŲһɵ˳
ǣǶҹֳĶҲ°޹ܸ˵ˣˣֵһȰⲻûˣô˸ϽȥϢɡ
µеģʱŷʱղţһ֣ȷʵˣŰݡ
ʱҹС˰ޣڶ۾׵
ѧУڶ˵ѾǼ򵥵ֻͿԻȥоǶ̶Ѩҹ޷ѡ
Ϊ˱ٴγٵվ棬ʱܿ޺ж˺ܶӣ˯ǰ
ʱһλƵƮѧУ¿ʱ򣬸ȥʳá
Ψһֵο£ѧʳζ㲻
ʱ˲˺ͷ֮һҪһЩըȥԡ
ߵ¥㣬ʱҹǸϤ˵ǸͬѧסĴš
ιͬѧҺ˵أЩըġ
ͷ·ķʱһ£ɲתͷŰñһɫסŵͬѧ
ʱ˳߿һԼĶŶһ󣬲Ǻػش˵ѧУġ¥ʳãڶ㣬Ŵ
ѧûãѧУʳ¥ЩѧҲ
﷽ʱ߹ĵطһըʱʱ֪ЩɵԼըӴ򿪣Ҫ𣿡
лȴô˷ʱըŷʱһЦ
ִȷʵԼ˵ӷʱˡ
ͣѧУĽֵϣִӳʱ򿴵ѧУţǽķʱǽվţ֪Ѿ˶á
ֻǻ죬ôʲôиС𣿡
ִߵʱǰַʱȻ϶ѾҧС
ʱ˶ţûнִҲһʣٶԣֽӹʱ䣬ʼͣĵطȥ
ϳԺ󣬿ʱڸݵλϣϵ˰ȫ
ִ˵Ҫع˾ӰࡣԼֻ򿪻ҳ棺㿴ʲôԼڼȳԡ
ʱֻ˵֪ˡ
˻صУʱν˵¼һǳİ
ִƵſĴԵǰͷʱ˵ķ䣬һҵģһҵ鷿
˵꣬ʱû²Ҫȥ鷿ҶҵĶ
ʱ⻰䷿ִһ˶ռҲˣ˵ⲻǲģʱ̲סޣ˵һͷۣ˭ûҪȥ鷿
ִʱ̧һֱϵʱ䣬ûͷʱڼﳶƤ˵ϲһҪͳ˷˯
ִæǳհԼӻؼˣʱҲûʲô˵
ֻǺܸߵӦһһ죬ִ뿪ˡ
ʱѧУӦ˯ȣȱ̫ãڳ󣬰Լʰһ룬ܲס룬ǿϴ裬ȻԼ˯ˡ
ִʮһӻġ
ִԼԵţţתԣʱڴɵ˲ģѾԼ˯
ʱ˯ɱв˽ԼųصƤ۾ִԼԼӴϱ
ʱſϣ̧۾ִ
ִ͵ͳô˯ˣ
ʱȵִļϣоִ͸ﴫƫߵ¡
˵ҵķ𣿡ʱǺûʲôĵĻ۾˯ִܲڰԼȥɡ
ִԣһ˲ʹʱ§Լ˻˵ϢӦá
Ļʱû壬ΪһšţֱϵֱŵһŴϣȻִˡ
ֻһСõķʱѡ
ʱٴȫޣҪ˵ЩʲôԼĲķʱﲻ֪ʲôֲٵֿˡ
ҹִľٶһϣڴ϶ִչ¶˲ͬѰ˳
Ϊ֪ΨһֺܹõִĶͼķʱ
˺ҹҪʱִδؽ
ʱʱǿŵڣΪһ̣Ͻֲ̧ᣬչȥִ˵ִϹ
ִʱһº̵̣Ķͣסתͷʱ
ʱʱ˳ƽԴҲһֿͷǳĽǶȣִļϣٴѯʣϹĲסѧУˡ
ִ÷ǳһѾıɨڻӡۼķʱ
ʱﲻ֪뵽ԼܵĻ仹ڲͬ飬ͻȻֳҭҭźܿĿǻ˵Ĳѧ
ִĵʱҲûҪʱѧϰȡʲôĳɼʱѧڼ£ûа취ʱʱִ̿̿ԼҪæһһʱȥô죬ֻߡִĿɨʱ壬ĺۼ𪼡ۣúͿӡӣִоΪܲķʱ¶ɫϢһһסȥ˭ô죿ֲû¡
ִҲǺͬʱѧÿ춼ڼΪÿ춼еĻȥܻ彡һӰ졣
˱ֺʹǰһÿܰѷʱѧУӻס죬ǰÿλȥһƵʸպá
ʱ̧ɱ۾ִûΪղŵ´һ㣬Լ˵붼룬ҲҪᡣ
˵ϵ˵ִѾԼ˸ȴû˿ء
ʱ˲£ȥִ壬ûкԷֺԼᵹϵһࡣ
ʱƣ壬˯ˡ
ִ˵ѧĩֵúãҿǰ߶仰û
ִûмʱô˻ܱǿҵѧġ
ΪʱĹ˳˸ĽҲǷַʱѾ伫չʾԼİִǲôһ䡣
ִǱȳˣͷһϿ쵽ߣǵڶһ磬ӻ糣
ִѵûкѾ˯ʮһӵķʱ
ִſȣ·Լʱ򣬴ûйؽŷʱ˯СҲû
ȣ
ʱССƨԲԲһʺԼϵĺģ
ִɨʱΪӼ¶ƨɵϣȴƨӡһ糺İӡ
ִ߽ˣѣǲԼΪ
ȥʱԼСһȦ֣ٿƨϵӡӣСǺԼĸǺһ㡣
ܶʱִĻԻ󣬱ΪڷʱιԼûκμˮʱӦûģڷʱÿһηҪֱߵʱӦöǰƿ˵ġ
˿ֿ̣ŷʱûۿĺۼֽ˹ڷʱڴϴӲܾԵʡ
ִԭӦù鷿ĽŲһתصĿȱ£Ȼߵ˷ʱķ¹ҳʱС㣬ȻصԼ䣬﷽ʱˡ
ʱʮ㱻ִѣԴͷţϴ޾ɵڿ͡
ϵǷʱһԣûκθı䣬ʱġ
ʱԹ緹˯һִûٹ
ִһ綼鷿оѼģƼϤҵϡ
ִ˼򵥵ʳְֻʱԼϲԵġ
ڷʱϣǲʧ£극ʱΪ˯ؾ񣬻Ҳöһ㡣
ִȥùĲ;߷ŽϴʱڿɳҺλãҵԼǸսĿ
ִص鷿ŵʱ򣬿ʱԼķȥ
ִһۣȻȥѺһֱԲ̫õķʱҲ˵˯𣿡
ʱѾԼִŰϣִĻͣס
ִֶΪԼӦתߣûЪķʱִʲôȻ䣬촽΢ȴվٳٲ
ʱûʲôνϢգÿѧУĥҪִ˯
ѧУģִȴڽûжʾκεĹģҲûѧУﵽôΪʲôȥ
ִϲԼԼôһҲںԼһУֻԼԼţ
ʱʶִֻøļ۸ﹺԡ
ִԴʱҪ޵ģʱȻվִɫ΢Щͷִߴһ飺
ʱִ֪壬ûκοԳִĳ룬ֻܺѹ˹ȥ
߹ִɫЩʱûʲôѾֱͨ۾뵽ΪԼûдӦƢ
ʵǺ޹ؽҪ£ʱܰޣܿͻã˺ᶼǺֵܲǮġ
ô⸱飿ִ̧
ʱͻȻίһ˵˯
ִʱǸº͵ģǣס˷ʱ֣ԼߣΪʱϲ飬ԼעԼһ£Ȼ·ʱֹԼֱȻԼǣ֡
ִ˵ڲžŵ㣬Ϣġ


34 
ִԴʱ̬ȣ˻߰£һλܳ飬ȴĺֻԼܵ
ΪԳë㣬ԼܻڼԼҾ߸ƻ֮е鷳̰һЩѹʱ̣ƤëʸУѡԵǴ󲿷ʱѡ񽫳⡣
֪᲻ĲϸˣУܻһЩϵĵǴ
ִԷʱ£ǲᱻκǴġ
ѧѾܣɵģ÷ʱûʱ䴭Ϣ˰¡
ʹʱԲãظˣҲ÷ʱʶִȫЧõġ
ִ֪ԴʲôӣִʼնĳӲ
죬ܵϣִȥѧУΪһпΣǷʱԸһҲԸѧУһһ롣
չܵ죬ӦҲڼﰲ˯ǲɵǣִһһ˷ɻҪɣȥʵؿ졣
ִڶһûʱȥͷʱѧУҪϾͿͷʱȥ
·ϵʱִΪʱ֣Ƿʱһ·ڸʻϣֻǵͷϵؾԼϵĵ̣Ĭû˵
ִûж룬ϾѾѧˣʱǳˣӦӦЩ
ǿʱ˪һڰѷʱ͵ѧУǰִ䣬ѳһ̳ˮصѧУһ·ͻᡣ
ִѶڷʱϣڴϣԼķʱִڳͣϡ
ʱڴߣķ˿˳ŵԴţڿԼϥǡ
ִĬһ˲˵⸱ӣֻ㡣
ִ̧ۿһۣȷѾϡ
ǰָϷʱգ΢΢̧ҿ쵽ʱ绰ʱҪǰȣ֪𣿡
ΪϴηʱϱҧĶǰԼСץദǵۼ÷ʱ·һ
ʱΪ̧ȶִߣ˫ɫ۾ײִڲһ˿ʵӣʱܿʲôƵģ۽ޣһ±ӣС˵֪ˡ
ȷʱûٴҪļִ֣һʱ˵ˣѧУعһ㡣
ִ˵䣬ƿ˷ʱţ뿪ˡ
ʱʱŴ⣬˺ܾõĴִ¥߳ͦΣ·ӰĳT̨ģأܿʧѧУڵǶ·صͣڽֶĳûʲôؿʻʱҰ֮⡣
ʱʮ㣬ʱֻ塰εεΡһѧУҪϨˡ
ʱʱصĲߣѵ·ľԼ壬ۼģǵλƬһƬ죬ܿһЩץָۣԵһЩǺ۸ǲ˵߹·һѾϡ
ʱԼգգۣǴͣǸо˺İǺֺϤԼһֱӦӵġ
ܷʱǺܴʱȥδִõķʱҲˡ
ִԼ˵ûһģ˵Լһ飬ڴϷʱ޺˵ۣ˵ҪŪԼܲʱҲֹֻͣǣ»һ˲޽е¡
ʱԼ£ûаúϧ˼ֻܿõһЩӿģģȫӿƵ
ǶͯԴԼϲߣҲĻϧ
Ϊִʱãʱߡ
ʱվˮϴ裬ϵһЩϸС˿ڣۣ԰ʧǵϴ衣
ȳʱͻȻŵ
ʱ˯û
סŵģʼԼըˣֽ½
ܵʱ䣬Ϊסλȷʵܽÿ棬½ǸԸʵ죬һȥ˾
һ༶٣һʮ
ڿʼ½ͻϿεʱǰ﷽ʱռλãһ
һʼʱͬѧһΪܸ䣬Խӽء
½ȤʵΪģΪסλþ뷽ʱ̫ʱѧϣÿϿζĸˮֵСƵϿΡ
ܶʱ½ʱ뵽үүĸյµ첻ֱȣվߵСᡣ
ֵųˤһͷкܾãȴԸվ
ʱʱ½æһ䣬ѿֵһţžӺܾؼ飬Ҫϵĺۼ¶½
½༶Ϊ࣬ԸͷʱˣļΨһļС
ðһգΪִָܶβ㣬ʱҲ½ǰֵúܲ㡣
ʱŵʱ򣬿½һ
ôˣʱʡ
½߾ѹ˵㣬ҹյȺģСϺ
ʱһ½˵ǿϨˡ
£Ѿݵ½ԼһֻŵС̨ﵽϣ⻹ѵסǣ
Ϊʱϴ裬ﻹһԡ¶ζ
½ûʲôڵ˵ֵܣ㡣
ʱϨʱĵˣȻһƬڰ½ǰ˵ơ
ʱʱôڵʼ磬ߵǰҲ£½˵ʵԼҲϲԡ¶ζ֮ǰģʣûꡣ
½ʱһ߲װһ۾Ƴ˷ʱϰŵˮСֵ˵̳һҳУˮǽˮ
ʱ˳߿ȥΪ˵Ծãÿ
Ҳ̫ݳˡ½ĴָôȥһгӣϴҲϴ׵
ˮõǰóһףʱҲȥһ˫
ǡһװСϺĺӱ򿪣һζ˲ᡣ
ʱʵҲٳСʱżȻһֻ׵󣬾ûٳԹ
ʱһɣִĻ˵ⶫе㲻
ˣү½һѾãȰһֻ˸ͺ󣬸ʱ˵һζӣǼˡ
ʱ˵ֲ֡
½˳˶ͻȻŷʱչ¶Լֱ۸첲ϵļ⣺ǣҿעأ㿴ġ
ʱһۣ֪ǹȷʵ谵ôһû½ļϸ˰ζſССһš
ǷʱܵõһЩֵǣƵ·װƷӵеĺöʵָӽ㣬ˣӵôһѡ
Щѣ齫ѣֻýǮ;ˮάϵСФͬ
½÷ʱκΣͻԸ﷽ʱڿռλá
ˣʱϧʱʾ֭ҪԼƶĴʻѹγһЩܹά½Ļû뵽½Ѿֻ˻⡣
˵ܿʼҪʵٿ˰ɡ
ʱ˵Ҳ֪
ûγ̱Ҳ֪Ķһʲôӡ½ֹֺʷʱˣΪʲôѡ˺決רҵ
ʱͣһ˲˵ԼѡģǡҸ磬ѡġ
Ŷ½¶Ȼı飬ͻȻѹľɡ
Ϊ½ʲô׼½̬ͬȣǷʱӺߺһšһ
½ȴûô⣬˵糤һҲ񡣡
ʱæ˵׸硣
սʱҽԶԶΪĵӾݾӢܲõأû˵ЩˮҲİɣ治
ʱĬûнӻ
½ʱҲСϺתڷʱҵˮ򿪹һڣȻ˵񫣡
ִߴٷʱô԰ԼհһֻϺ˷ʱ
ʱʱ뵽½ղŵ⣬ҲԼѡĺ決𣿡
½ͷ˵ǰʱ˵Ҽ￪ģҴСɼͲã鲻УˣѧգԺ̳ĵҲС
Ȼ鲻УҽAо½ʱ˵
Ҳи㣬ҲʱѿڶһͻȻʶʲôȻˣЩԻֹԺǳʫȥЩ·ۡ
ڷʱܵĳʫãԭôĴڣԭϲֻ򵥵ػǮ˺ˣǮҲҪŵȣʫ߽ݾͶ񣬼ʹýǮҲ˱ĵġ
½û˵ڵȷʱԼĽʱһ˵ˡ
½ƽģװµز˻⣬ʰŪһ棬̾˵ô԰֪㲻ϲԼ´ξͲôˡ
ʱоѾòˣʱ˵ǲϲֻ̫ˡ
½վȥˮԱߵˮ˵ѽҸˮ̳ԡ
½СϺ˼ŵˮ̣ʱ½һĿ˧ʱܿϵë
½ר־ʱСϺָڷźá
ʱʱͻأͻȻ֣װܲ䣬һ½ĸ첲
оڵĴУջء
½ûвɿݵ緽ʱΪʱڵѹһ̣ڻΪ½ˣ᲻ԼĴʱԼĻþ
½һֱǸĻ죬ڷʱһСȻְһ֮½ע⵽ʲôƵ˵ʲôŮʿġ
壬ִԼӷʱ
Ϊִʱһûٱҧ
ϳִתһ̵Ƶ·ڣ񲻾Ƴʱע⵽ʱϵĽָûˡ
ָ󣬷ʱһֱֵú֣ܰţܳȥָ۸ʱͺϲִĶ
ôѽָժˣ·ִʻ·ڣִڷϣĿбӣͻȻʣЦ𣿡


35 
ʱʱҲͷһԼϣù֣촽ش˵ǣΪŵʱǷ㡣
ڷʱܺĽͣ״һʵִδ
ʱѧУԷСжʮӵĳ̣ʻУִֻʱԼĲ͡
һǰһݣһλǣŹ¥Ị̇ʮ꣬ͷܺá
סǼ¥ϣִżȻΣʱ棬ҲòغͶԷ˵ͷ
ӵܻܵ˵
ִش˵ǵģĩˡ
̵ĶԻǴкǣŵıѾȲܣ߳˵ݣźϡ
ʱվִһľ룬ıӰջߣǴִǵĹϵǰǲԼͬغͬһѣǵĹϵ
ִָź󽫳Կ׷ŵصϣЬȥͷҲصغͷʱ˵Ҹ˼·ĳģڷȥԡ
ĩϵʱǲˣٴЩ
ǿҪʱ򣬷ʱִԼ·ҲȻ̧ͷģ
յ·ʱǸ˵ģϱŵıɳϡ
ϴαִ˵֪߶ʱҲĴˣǻס죬ֻװ˼Ʒ
ʱصԼ˸գʶִ˵ԣȥڷƮ̨Ͽ˼кõĹ
ʱڷǰԴԼļ·ͷҲɢһЩ
ʳִ֮ŷԱȸմѧУӳʱúܶķʱʱҲ÷ʱǺˣ˳Աůס֮⣬ԵҰġ
Ϊ˸лִԼ·󣬷ʱûȥ˯ȥִķȥϴ衣
ִڿѲʰ·ɳ˳ְɳбıʱɳϣʱС
ɫСĴɿһЩ˳
ʱԡϴ軻˯£߳ʱִŽ
ʱִɫܲԣһϷԼ߹ʲô
ʱͷ⡱һ鲻Խ۾ִϤĶ½ǰոյ׽͸ġ
ʱʵԽھͷϣ̨Ϸֵ½ûͬ⡣
Ϊʲôʱ
ʱԴȫûм䣬벻̨ͨϷΪʲôִֻͰ͵ǿ׳ƾʲôҷҶ
ִȴ᷽ʱĻֻٴʣ˭ģġ
ʱִʶʲôվͻȻ˼̨ܵϣҪϸԺѹγһصļ䣬ҳһŵȴκͷ
֪Ҳ֪
ƮҵķʱִԳƵʵ֤ݣִȻһƬԼʵ͵˭ġ
͵ۣڷʱ˿Ѿнŵһ£ִԼϣɭ亮ѹŭ
ҲǣûСʱֵıԩһִԼԽԽŲرԣҪԼԼǮġ
ִʱѾߵߣʱ򻹲ϣҪѣ˵ͷϸǼһѻִȥ÷ʱֻ֮ҵղѾȥҳ棬˷ʱǰ࣬űֻ࣬ûһѼ¼
ʱһͷңڲԵٴθĿڣҲ֪Ǳ͵ġ
ΪʲôҪ͵˵Ķûһ߳𣡡ִĻѻٴμŭ̲סˣʱ㻹ϣ
˭͵ģ˭ʶһ¾ôصĶ
ҼԺУȻѧѲƣҲкܴһֳɼãͥͨѧΪǮļֱͥӽͳƽҲҪԼĺѧʲôʳѧʲôʱͬѧ֮ѾǸߵģԵѧô־ͷʱһǧϷ档
ʱоתִĳֲ̿˵ǽߡ
͵͵Ϊʲô
Ϊʱ½赫½ûн𣬿ΪʲôһҲ벻ǷʱʱΪȱѧУ˯ߺǳվήңѭɺܾüõķʱʱƬʱֻҲᾭһԼ׼Ҫʲô
᲻Լ͵ˡ
˹ȥͱǰһֱִץŸ첲ק˹ȥվã
ʱקִǰ
ʱվǽִ֮䣬˲ãȫִߴӰӰխĿռе޷Ϣ
Ϊʲô͵Ϊʲôش𣡡ִķȫû뵽ʱտѧһ¾ѧУﷸĶ۵£ʹҪϷΪʲôԼҪȴҪȥѡɳܣʵİ취ȥõ
ʱǸȫŵģִƢŵֻëսèʧģ޿ɶģӻľսģ״νҲ֪Ĳ֪ʱſǻΪû˯ãӺͿˣôˡ
ʱ۾˵壬ɫӲִʡ
벻ʲôܹЩ˵ôѻĻѻֻʲôõģִŹҪٽⳡѶķֻ׾ģʫý̹ģȴһֱûôѧõķҪͼɻء
ǡһɣϴˡ
ִͻȻصذѷʱƿʱƵģ׶ײǽϣһ졣
ʱûüʹִҧгݵ˵Բġ
ִתȥ·ʱһڷ
ʱΪȥΡΡߵűߣһ̽ԴͿ鷿ִﾹȻһľ
ʱʱ亹ëֱִķ˳ȥִ䷿ǰӴܵԼȻתš
ȻҪԼΪʲôҪһľִЩϹȵ˸û
ʱԼ죬ƿź
ִŽ߳ʱȻʱ򻹸ܡ
ִĽѧʱڣżȻһõ±˺Ľ״ִʮְ壬õľߡ
ִ֮ûٵǰ
ΪΪ䣬һֱѽ鷿Լ
ִߵʱǰ÷ʱ
ʱڶźֻҡͷޡ
ûжִĵ˿Ѿ׵˼ޣ˵ʱһʼʱԸ̹ϳϴ󣬲ҵǸŴһƵļٻ벻֪ܵŪȥִ첻ҪҪͷʱֵĳ̶ȡ
㲻ǲǣ
ִűʹʱһŽҪҪҡ
󣬷ʱſڵĽŲԶȥ
Կײꡱһűִ򿪡
ʱŵȻڵϡ
ǰѽ߱ڷʱſڣʱ񱻵ѵƵŲӿһۣԭһӣղϴΪ޻ۡ
ִŴ򿪣һҲٸʱֱǰȥʱ¹򿪣·ϣ粽ǰֱӽʱĴЩ·ë̺קȥ
ʱһ˲ᶼִѾ򿪿ţЩȫһԶ˳ȥ
ʱһֻβ͵èһһشӵܳȥҪҪҵĶȥ
㲻Ҫʱִľٶ˵ܱؿ޽Ҫȥ󡭲Ҫȥ
ִ֪ҪĶһȥִҪ
ִĶ֮󣬿ʱǱܳȥҪԼĶקЩִ̫࣬ʱܴ³ɢﶼɢɢ
ʱһ˹أŸ첲£ɢϵ·ܻԼŻȥ
һǰܺ˺ܾãŰЩ·Զͷ
ִʱɳϣƽ˸ղʧָֻ̬һûζĵĮ
Թ۷ʱæµĳ̬üΣʱ·ûվȻˤ
ҲôĶ
ִƽзʱĽ˵һҹ͹ȥ
ҪȥʱǳᣬǰʲôҲ壬뵽ִԼİĳС
Ҳܡ
ִ˵
ǣûнҪʱһģٴִվסҪ
ִһֱûнûиı⡣
ȥڷʱǰоʼڵʱִ˵һλᣬԼȥù
ʱ̧֣һ۾ִ䵽˵ϡǸղŶĽߡ
յִŹȴҪѵߣִԼûͷԼ̾ߣŻִ
ʱһһȥ޵ִһҪɳĶѷʱ
ʱڼϵĽߣһߵˣɳϵִǰ
ִӽһһͣʱȴִǰԾСоԷھӸµԼһϵ⡣
ĳϡ
ʱҲΡΡѹؿǣǴˡ
ִڿ֪ڸģӲˣһСѧС֪͵ǿɳܵġ
žһľƤഥ
ִȫû֣־ʹΪһ㷽ʱڴϼԾͷʱֻһ͸оѾ飬ۡ
鵽˵£ʱ̲סϵɴµ˯ǰѾʪһͿ
Ҫ㣡ִ
ʱһѾ޵ͨ죬оִץסԼֱ֣ˣסԼָ⣬קסˣһ¸ٶ㲻ˡ
󾢣Ҳȫխխһĳ͸ˡ
ʱȫͨһƬʱоѾȫܲסٶĳͷ׵һҪѪ˿
ʱʱѾ޵ؿںܾҵš
ʮڴִ꣬ɿʱ֡
ԭΪڽķʱʱִһֻ
ʱȥ㣬ֻûСûáһֻ֡
ִЦһãʲô͵ԼҲöˣ
ΪʲôҪִһ̶Էʱ˵ʹ޵ģκشߴ٣һ㣡
ִҪԷʱ´ǣ˵ķСͷ󣬶ܻһͬ
ʱһ֣ͬʮְ塣
ʱϹۣо˫ʹǱڻա
ִĻ̌ʱһˮ͸ˣͨ죬˳ϻ
һΡִǰ쾯ӣֻҷȥģѽߴ֮ǰҶͣ
ʱоԼǰʲôҲֻܸоӲľ߹ιԼֹסط޵ý
ִٴκǳ⣺˵
ʱģؿִٴ𣬼Ϊһ̾ҪԼϣŵ۾Դ첲סͷ˻ƵɤΪּʱǳ֪֪ˣҪң
顱һ
ִ輸һɳ
ʱѾʮһ㣬ʱѾõͷټȥҲΪҵľ롣
ĳһ̣ǳ룬ʱ˻ĴӴĴϻӲĶһ룬ӳϵķΧһ˲ྡ˼¡
СʱΪ͵Զ⣬˵Ϊвȥ͵˼ֱֵ߰ҲһأʱڳԴȴֻΪһʱ̰棬ȥ͵ͬѧĶ
ִԷʱѾ㹻˼ȴôرԼģ
̥ӸԣִĮ룬ôö̻ĿԣСʱû̺ãҪͷʼҪ˷ʱ;ѵҪִȥĸлһڷ³켣ĳʫƨɺմȾһϰԵĻȥлһĹ
ʱʲôɽǰ׷ѿ࣬˷ʱ䡣
Ǻڣʱ֪µġ
ִţֻҪƶ㹻ʣͷ㹻ʱӦòٷļԲãŴμ䡣
ִ鷿ĽߣʱŰ㷴±ͷʱ裬ʱվˣͲ뵽Ѫ
ִҲȷʵӴԺûٸ±ͷԼĻᡣ
ʱ䲻ãҲԸ䣬ִҲ䡣
ִ̨ҵƻ𻺻𣬺ҹĵѾ޼
̨֧̣Լ궯ģŭƽ
磬̨
ִصԼǰǶš˷ʱţһۡ
ʱķһƬǽ壬Щ·ڵϡ
ʱڴ˯ţֻͰ͵·ϡ
ƽԴûе涫ͷҲڵ£۾ţֳĽë۸ֳһһƵġ
ֻĺ׵޷߬Ҳ޷ſһָԴ࣬ڶִͶ


36 
ִڷʱ׵ϣͣƬ̺ת߻ԣصԼ䡣
ִߵͷǰͷĳ룬һ󻬼кŵһҩ࣬аȫףǶûв⣬Ǵǰ󻬼ʱ͵ġ
ҩֹʹģѾȥСܡ
ִֻصʱ
šͷƣȣʱۣ˯üͷȴǺίţǳǳһۡ
ִšҩ࣬ڷʱֻϣֱһС硣
ִΪԼͿĨѾᣬʵʵ̫ˣʱܿԴһ£üĵҲǽҪʲôʹ࣬ҲҪִҪҩ࿪Ķ
ִΪ˽ҩĨȣֻһְֻס
ôһҪһƬ̡
ͿҩʱִֻΪʱķΪ˵úˣѪ£ϵ¶ҲǲͬѰִʶԣҩͿąְ̃Ƶ
ʱ䣬ʱͨһӳִ
ִȥʱĶͷһֵĺо¶ȣ¸֪ʱ˯˻յˡ
뵽ʱգΪ̫ãɤӶˣϷ˺ֱôһٿţ˾
ʱǸŵġ
ִҪʱӴϱ§ס봲ߣִһעűܿµϰЩɢ·ͷ
ȴû뵽ϵķʱͱĶŪ˹
ʱ۾ִȻŴԼУʱ۾˲ͫӳĿ־ͲһֻӦ˵èƵģҪҪ
ʱΪѾûʲôִû뵽ִѪ飬Ѿѵ⸱ˣԸŹҪ
ʱѾŵþң겻壬޽ţҪ
״εģ㣬Ϲҡۣûа취סȡ
㣬Ұɡִ硭硱
ʱϹִ硱ҽУͼЩִֺĳƺ﻽ִһ˿ԣԼһ˿ͬ飬ܹĹ
ʱؿ˲᣺˯ɡ㡣
Ǹˣִһʱס
ʱǲ壬ſĿİЩʶʱ⡣
û˵Ҫִ֪ʱô룬ֳﻹǵ£ʱƨϱ˱ˣ֣ڷա
ʹִʱûţִŵԴϵʱ򣬻ҭҭؿޣͨ﷢Щ߽
ʱѾջͷˡ
ִҳҩʱ򣬴ս˲ڽн㡣
ִԳʫŮȫ޺øеġ
Ϊʱн죬ҲûгʫõƲ
Ǿʵ˵ʧȥ˳ʫõķʱҪ֮ǰ̫ᡣ
ʫڵʱִڴϣûмʱޡ
ֺÿԼƯƯŨβͣһ֪ҪôҫԼģ
ڣֻġ
ιʱҩƬ³һΣΪǺסִĳһΣ˵زιȥ
ʱִѾһ
ʱѾʮࡣ
ִȥ裬ٴγʱʱѾû졣
ִӸʱǺãֹϴͷƣ˯ʱѾ쵽һӡ
һ磬ִع˾Ӱ֮࣬ǰʱĶͷȻûյ̣ǻǱƫһЩеա
ִ뿪ǰվڴߣ˯еķʱǰķ˿ȥһϴõõë
ִʱԼҵûйؽ
վűߣ㽫һת˷ʱŵš
ִ߹ȥšһûšɫЩ΢䣬ţһʱԷ
˵һ䣬Ų뿪˷ʱǰȥ˳Ĳʳ
ִʳֵ͵зֺã˵ϣӣꡱһ졣
ִ̧ƳһۣһĹСķʱ˫˵֣ԼˣĴβһǣƽ
治֪ʱôԼڵʱһһԼĴƽġ
ʱ볨ţվƿһŷ죬Լ׵òӵ۾صصִ
ִȫЩСֻûʲôظһ飺Է
󣬿ǼֻǱʲôʱڻ˹ѡ˾ִԶһӣ
ִһۣʱ֡
ǼֵƵҩ࣬һҹȥʱ˺ܶ࣬Ҳûôˡ
ִϵһ룬ѲĲˣнȥÿһȵطźãһӣ᲻صطŵ˷ʱǰָһ׷
ʱÿҲò
һʱ֣סӣָҨĲˣݵߡ
ΪֲǺܷ㣬ʱһٷԵú
ִûдߴ
緹󣬷ʱֻصԼ䣬عš
ִûСһ鷿﹤һ硣
ʱ䣬ʱҨԣϢָһЩ
ִԼģóǺֻǼ嵭Ĳˣࡣ
£ֻܳͷķʱڲ֪жغִս
ִûеʱﻹûг꣬Լ꣬Ͳϵӡ
ǰִ֪ʱһϣҺһȥѧУһˣ͵ĶͬѧҳϿҵԷǸ
ʱﱾõòǺȵӵ䣬ҵߣһ졣
̧ܿͷִûа취ִԼһȥѧУ½ĳ
ʱҲ˲ˣվִ˵ҿԼǸԼᴦ¡
󣬷ʱִͺӰҲǹ˺ܴ
ִֻǷһͣûټ᷽ʱĴ㣬˷ʱӲŵСͷһ£ʱûʣͰ
ԱˣͱⰭ¡
ȻִȥѲ;һԶŽϴ
ִΪûкͷʱͨıҪֻҪ֪ԼľʱΨһѡ񣬾ǽܡ
ִ֪һԼȥѧУʱͷһѵһ
ֻ㷲ܾãε㿪½ĶԻֹرա
²ִԼһȥҿµĶĳ£ʱԼҲú½ûа취½ͣûа취ΨһģսûжõѾҪʧȥ
Ļʱоûа취ѧУȥˡ
󣬷ʱѡ˺½ĶԻ򣬽ԻĶԲɾ
ʱʱѾԡ̫ãˮûɢȥееơ
Ȼǰ½ǸɡʱһѲݣִʹ½᲻ԭԼҲֺܱԼ
ֻǴ룬ʱ͸еĿһƬϢǻ˱
ʱ겻شߵԼſָŰϣһȴŻǽš
ʱΪԼûúһΣ۶ʹ˵㾢
ȴûһ򿪵ļ
űˡ
ʮӣִбڴϣһڷ
ʱվһִۣƤʱַɿƿߣִӣ˵ҷŴ򲻿ˡ
ִ̲˵ûķˣԺǼҡ
ִԼͳͳ󣬷ʱΪ˿ǳ˻һ˲ʳԺҪ˯
Ŵ㹻˯ˡ
ʱʶԼĻΧСֽһСˣ鷿룬ܻĵطֻпִķˡ
ǿǹĿռ䡣
ʱеԼԺϢĽ䶼ûˡ
ŵִȫûа취⣬ִΪʲôҪ
ǣûһ˽˿ռˡ
ڷʱĻִֻ΢̧һƤûκα顣
ִʱ˶㲻ϣ̸ֺʲô˽˿ռֶء
ִڷʱĿģһʶĶħ
û¶ȵģģζģͳͷʱûа취õκε顣
ֱǼ·ʱû뵽ִô̵ضԴԼ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôңЩӣѷʱѹ壬ϵѾҪʳˣί컹ҡ
ϥСģִһĴʱоִڱ䱾ĻˮƽߣҲ˵ұֻκΡĻ
ʱվӱסԼ岻Ҫվ±ϹɫǼұҪȥָ㣡
ִЦһŷʱоֱں˰̾۵ĵ䷶
÷ʱǳ˵ȥѽ˳͵̨Ϸȥס
ʱ˲Ǳһ䳹׻塣
ʱͦһȻȥվֱ壬Ҳ
ʹѾִ֪Լ飬ǳԺԭ򣬶ΪϲԼᰮ
ĬܾãʱϵĴ£Խִܵã㵽Ϊʲôҽ飿
ִʱѾʱЩһСƢĵȫģЩͷվﻹķʱЦһΪʲô飿ͬ㡣
Ȼأˣ
ִʱ񣬺ڳЦ
ǷʱˣҲһŵ㣬ûκֵñط
ʱִ̻סԼֻ˵ĽŵĽףƸȥ¶ȡ
ͻȻֱQ˵ƭ
ʱִĻûǮҲûаһͷβĳͷ
Լܱƭֵܹ˭
ִʱ˵ʲôȴûжԴ˲һΣʱҲԼͼ̰Ҳ׵شӦԼⲻʱִ̰³Ѿִ㹻ƣʱȴ˲ʶ̧١
쵰ʱܵ˼ޣᡣ
ִɫͷһһ죬һ顣
ʱŵһ飬һΪִܵٴζִԼֺ
ǿʱĿ־壬ִ˵Ǹ
ʱǽ촽ǺܿģһѹֵģſǻġԲ𡱱ӺС³
ִԸٶƽϣʱѾе㷳ʤˣû꣬˯
ʱŲվᣬҲ˯һѣ
ִһְ˵ƣԼȥ˯ȥ˯ɳ
֪Ƕùȥʮӣֻ߶ʮӡ
ִſִվںڰķʱԼ￴һۣȷԼǷѾ˯š
һʱСŲ˽Ų
˴ߣ΢΢ӣ˴
ʱִŴϣֻ˯˺Сһطִ壬ʹ߾ִֺܺԶľ룬˫˵ĴСޣʱִ֮䣬Ҳִһ־ܹľ롣
֮Ѿ㹻ʱҲ㹻ִ࣬ϣʱټǵա
û֡
ҹʱ˯εδˮ
¶Ƚյڴ磬ʱое䡣
ʵֹ䣬Ľײ֪ܷ绹Ϊ죬ʼҲʹ
ʱӴϳӣںڰִһᣬΡΡȥ첲ִ壬ܵȵ£ѰһȺ
ŷʱŲȽţҲ˹ȥȵ˶ñĽҲִСϣʱŵסںڰй۲ִζûҪļ󣬷ʱСԴִ۾
һ磬ʱӴʱ򣬷ִѾˡ
ʰԼ·ϴִڰ϶ˡ
ʱԴԷֻûΪ뵽ҪԵ飬ЩĲɵģһûһӽࡣ
ʱʱ䣬ִȴһףȹʮӿʱƮһûһڵţֱһƿţ̣վһֻˮ˷ʱĿڴ
ûʱˣ㡱ִߵɳǰʱСʱ˵·ϳԡ
ʱȸųţڳѰ
ǱִȥѧУǱűĸ̳һ
Ѿ½ҪԼӣ޷ԤִѧУֻԼѿ
½ԼִԴԼ̬Ⱥӣ᲻ǵĹϵɣȻͻַᷢʱǸɳܵС͵Ǹģ֪ܵĲ֪ˡ
ִһɲʱʱŵҪӺӾһ죬ճקһºֿԼĲûκκۼط¡
ۿųѾҪʻѧУʱûסͷȥִ㣬ԼȥǸɣһᡭһúúϴģ㲻ҪȥѧУҲҪȥ
ִһַۣʱ۾ֺˣڲ֪ˣ֪ΪʲôܲסԼ֣һЩ¡
ʱͨ죬̵Ľëϣֱһᣬִ˵㡣ֱ֤˵Ժ󲻻


37 
ǿʱ޵̫ҲпǷʱСһֱʱִӳڵĺӾֿԼú׵ġ
ԭִԷʱĴһ᲻˵һʱִ̣ǲɱһ˲ĶҡԵСķʱΪӱܱץסķգҲҪȥһЩ¡
ȥͬѧϴ󣬺úõǸִѾѵõƽͣ˵һʱԼҽ
ִǾܹˣʱַʱ͵ʱŭͷʱ侲ϸ룬ǧһ̨ϷʱرҪԼҪԼϾһֱԼ
ԼδһܾǷʱҲֱӾˣֲСʱ򲻶Ϊ͵ֻҲп˵İΪγɵ͵ԼԺ𣬵ǻǻƲסȥԡ
ᶼɾʲôӡ
ִüſ޳ɸСķʱһֽĬһ󣬰ѳͣѧУ·ϣ³Կǰ˵ľѿԺͲҪ͵£ҲҪŲͶ̰ٵЩëӦøĵ
ʱȫûҪˡԼ˼ǽԿװ˳
ִڳⷽʱʰԼݣӺ󣬷ʱӳ
ʱӳҵصͷִ󣬷·ߴһ·
߽У԰ʱ򣬷ʱͷȥ־·Լͬѧ࿴Լһۡ
ʮӺʦİ칫
ʲôӦ˵лл𣿸͸滵
½վִͷʱǰɶͷԣӹʱݸԼϷԷӺߺһһԲѡ
ʱȻ̧ͷһ˲հף裬ʲôʱˣ
½󿴿ִҿʦ˵ϣ㲻֮ǰҽҸ˵ĩ죬û
½̧ԴʲôŶҵʱȥ˵ˣһǸҴ㵱ʱϴأˮͷ̫ˣûɡ
ʱһʱ仹Ӧִһֱԡ̫ˣžԵȨִɫйУʱʱˡ
ʱһ˫δʵ۾ãȻ޴½ȴ᲻½˱ȽƣʦִǰάԼء
ʱ¾ʲôһʵģ
½ʱ򷢳һ־ȵĿֵؿ˷ʱô£㵱ʱûҺ㽲ؼҷϷ㲻ᷢϢѽ
ʱڴһǲϵһ˲ɿǴ㶣½˵ҡˡ
Ƿʱʵ̫ˣԼû͵ϷҲǡ
ִе˼飬ԭѿڶһ䡰û͵Ϊʲôϴһ˲˻ȥΪԺܺõִͻȻ𣬷ʱûн͹ϹֻԼŵϴҲˡ
һ
Ҳǡ½̲ס²۷ʱ̫˰ɡ
ִζԻ˵ϺÿΪִĴжָһʱ״Ҳеİ
ʱԭ԰׵ɫָһ˿ѪɫŵԴҲ̧һЩ䵽ʵϡ
ִתͷʱ˶һִۣʱ鲻Խǰһקһ£ʱȴһ㿪Ĵ
ʱһСһҲٸִתʹӰ칫뿪ˡ
ִڴֻʱȴʱ˵ִֻóֻԹ˾ĵ绰
緽ʱǻпΣʱ½ͷʱӰ칫ﶼ뿪ˡ
ִʦò׼䣬ҲѧУ뿪
ʱصԼᣬǰŸսȥ½͸˽
֮ǰûӴ˧ͦ˧ģǿδҲ̫˰ɡ½һܴܵѹӣ߹ȥܲʱ£ȥʱͻȻַʱȥ鱾ƲǺȻ֪Ǹ첲ˣ˻ô¡
ϰ칫ĳԺֹһ飬½عζҲˣ
üͷ㶼ôˣ粻ٴɣ
ʱ⻰ȻתҲܲȻһ£촽ˣȻǣҶ֡
½Ǻεɨ˵֣ô£
ʱ񲢲½ӣװͷæӣԼϣ̵ļҳƽ
Ŷҵ֣ҵڼ˲˵ʱС̵ˡʱװȻѣ˵۾۲½
ϣΪ½һƷв˵ˣͬʱҲ½ܿô˻ᱻ統С
½֮׵ĺѣʱϣҪԼҲҪͬԼʱСջ̫񣬴СʱԼ͵Ĵܶεͬб½ԼҲĶ
ϣ½ΪԼǺһҸͥɳͨͨС
ϣ½ƽȵġ
ʱ˵Ҹʵͦõġ˵ظһ飬֪ԼŻ½ţһֱͦõġ
½Ǹ񾭴кû̫ϸҲȷʵʱܶͷʱһĵӡ
ʱ飬½æ˵ǣ֪æ˵ҿûҪֵ˼
һʱõӣ߰ɣһϿˣǰȥλá
ͿʼʵٿΣʱΪָûкֻվһԿͬѧ
Ϊվһԣŵķʱ̫ԣ˰ʦһ
ʱʱҲʱ䲻֪ΪʲôעǼвˣʱ˺ҲƲס
ѵüۻصԼķʱһóԼֻ㿪ִĶԻ
ǻûС
ȥʱ㿪ԼֻûпκִϢ
ִԩԼͷԼԼִϿ಻ţ¿γԲȴһǸĻûкԼ
ִûоΡ
÷ʱԼ̫ǰƣִһҧҲпԭ
ⲻԵ޹ʵĻɣǷʱӦá
ִм뷽ʱ๵ͨʲôˡ
ǷʱʵʶִòӣԴݵŮöԷסԼֱۣĵԷЦӦ
Դ˶ºǫѷȴֻԷʱ¶Įʵһ档
ִòȻˣ·Ͽܶܿݣ̤ȴһ·ʱʱֱӶϡк¡
ʱˣִֵ˷Цֻʺϱ̺ܽͳͷ
ʱǰһֱһ̫˼ˣʲôӣֻ˵µ֣˵ڹβƱƻţӲ˼δϡͿԵ֡
еĲƱѾûˣҲٹΡ
ʱ֪Ȧڼĳͱⲻŵĳﵽһ߶ռһܵõ֡
Ѿѧһˣҹﻹ˯ãѾԶԶϴķ롣
ʱʱʧߣʱ˯ҲجΣεִѵԼϣвԼ˵ԼٲܸĵϰߣڼԼ̿ͳʵŽ̤ʵأҪɱԼ
ҾӦ
վڴ͸ķʱһ룬㱣ͷһƬĴʱоעһŲͣתС
ڳʫȥһ죬Ӧ׷ȥҲᱻһٶƭʱԺһһ־ͣϰִͣ
ʱִԼӦʹ޲ŶԣŻ޸಻ģ̵¡
ڱִԴ󣬷ʱҲĬĬ޹ִܶΡ
Ƿʱִִˣִ޷ʱʱҪķˡ
ʱͻȻúʹ࣬Ϊǰִǰܶ£Ӵ˾ֻű߱ϥСū
ֻҪҪԹȴҪ
ǺܱµĴʣǻجģǽʹļ尾ôͲجġ
ʱһ롣
ʱ¥³ķʱ۽ʲô
黺ƶ¥ǸںҹģұģԼֵӰ
ʱʱֻһ£½Ϣ
ʱҪҪһȥɡ


38 
ʱû
½Ϸһ
ʱӴ̨뿪һʱ򣬻عҲбԼղһ˲ͷŵ
ûж룬Ϊ½ǽѧУȥȥϷ㹻̼ûиʲô˼Ļᡣ
˴ѧУȥСʱʮŻѧУ
¥ĺǽϣһûκοĶ½ڵ÷ʱԼļ÷ʱȥ
ʱһκͬѧ£ǳûо飬½Լϵʱ򻹷ǳŤ
½ϴߴ֮£ʱǰѽ̤ȥ
ʱŲ½ǽͷȻ˳ǽͷȵʱȵǸǽͷһᲱ֦ϡ
ɲʱ򣬡ꡱһ죬ʱµ֦ѡ
λòǺܸˣʱֻˤ˸Сƨɶգ޴󰭡
鷳ǣ½ǽͷ޴½ˡ
½£ͷоǽͷ˵߲ߣ˵ҪҪһЩ
ʱʱ򿴼ˣѼͷ˹ȥɣ
½ҲǲȷʱֻǷʱСͷǳܹסصӡ
½ԥ˵ˣԣȥ
ôУôأôʱһܽӣѱһͣߴɣұ˰ɡ
ʱѾЩŲֻЩǰѲıҪˡ
½ʱڲԥһţһ̽ӣǽͷһԾ¡
Ӵ
ʱ½һŲſˣͬʱڲݵˤ˸ࡣ
˵˲У㿴㣬ˤ˰ɡ
˵ˣǿߣҪˡ
½һ̽յѾǲԶæѹˤҶûĴˣץŻڵϵķʱקظϽǽӴܶȥˡ
˵ûб֣ʱ½һЩƤˡ
ִǰ˵ˡ
һڣʱûиκϢ
ʱǰǺģʹִظҲֲܼиԼ˵ĺܾá
һΣһϢҲûзź͵绰ҲûС
壬ִҲûյһʱߴȥϢ
ǰϣʱͻһʼ
ɼ
ִվѧУſڶ·ϣֻޱؿΪʱ˽Ҷϵĵ绰ҳ棬ִͣŲȥʱ¥
Ϊʮһ٣¥кܶ뿪ѧ
ִ¥ߣȵ˷ʱſڣŽյķţ
ҪҪҸҵԴ˺ܶ࣬Ҫҷ㡭ʲô߰Ƕǳˣǲ㿴Ųϲ⻹бء
ãҲԼŰɣʱΪһ
½ʱѹܹʷʱû
ʱһĿҺ½ӣǲƭ½ӺߺƵġšһ
½ʱȴţװʲôһû¡
ʱ½ټֻ⣬ڵ˵Ųš
ģ½ʱǲŵӣּʣʲôоˬ𣿡
½ûԼ˭еŮģʱһֵഺڵкִɫ²
𣿡
ִȻַֽ̧Űϡ
һ룬ִ˷ʱ˵ʵҲûʲô˼һˬɣǺۡ
šһƿִӰſڡ
Ȼ̧ͷ
һ̣½æҵظϽֻڲŵСƵصȴû뵽ԽżԽֻֻ䣬½ȥץȴСĽֻ߰ܵͻȻС쳹
½оѪˣץֻϽصȻ˵ִֻڴԷɫҶ࿴ЦšǺǣˣɡ
ʱİɣ硣
Ҿ͡ҾͲˡ
½ЦɫŤоеƲϵļˣ̧ߵǰȴִĿбӣһҲûиԼûҪԼ·˼
ִӦǴ˼꣬ƫƫˣϼʹʲô߿ѵ⣬Ҳ˸еһ˵ѹ
½޶ץ˿µ飬űߣŤӣӷʱ룬ִ·Ҳû
½뷽ʱִ˽խֻˣһž
ԺòҪͬѧһЩĻ⡣ִȻߵ˷ʱߡ
ʱִ֣ɫѾʮ·ݵһ˪һ
Ϊʲôҵĵ绰
ִŷʱʡ
ִ˵ãһ˵ʱֱӽԴҲȥֻһףִ
ִս
ִʱʱӺ﷢һͺߣԼ۾ҲԼһۡ
߰ɣؼҡ
ΪѧУִĶִ˷ʱαϣ˳ļ
ʱͻһֱˣִԼ
ȥأȥ𣿡
ǴǰƻУִʱȥԹĲҲǷʱνϲġ
ʱʱ̧۾Ϊ³ִûԼȥԹ
ײϣִڳһ˿ʣ˵㣬¶ϿԼķʱ
ʱʱǺܲ׵ԭǿ죬
ִĺֱˣʣżˣͬѧҲؼңԼһ𣿡
ִ˵ʵ쳤ٴ󲿷ͬѧؼˣ½Ҳڽ˵صеϼң¥Ҳÿյ
ִġһ˴ʹ˷ʱʱɫһ˲
ðɣˡԴһԲķʱִ״νؽ
˵꣬ƳʱԽ
ִҪߣĦǷʱڴˡ
ȵȡ
ִһӮ
ʱԼĺɫСִ뿪¥·¥£ʱϵЩΪųٿԻؼ¶ϲɫͬѧ롣
ǰʱȥ˺ųִ޵ĿռҪĿԶִ
ִӺӾ￴Ѿѵںõķʱûƽϡ
ִʱȥز
ҲҪǰԤģȥ֮󣬱Ӧ
ִȽ˵ݸ˷ʱ˵Ҫʲô
ʱӹ˵ֵǰļˡ
ִˣȻѲ˵Ӧ
ʳδǵȺܾãִһֱûж꣬ȲˣַʱǳɵԼۣȻ˿ӣ˲ˡ
˿ʼʳ
֪ʲôʱʼʱû٣ֻܽиͣȸһߴߴֻߺ֪ܲ߳ܵغִһЩǵĻ
˰سʮӣִ䲻ͻȻôˣ
Ǵǰʱ飬ҪڸߵЩ۸񰺹Ĳдɫ޿ŵ˾Ȧ
ʱ䣬ͣ˺ܶ룬Żشִû˸ҵˡ
ִź֪ػʱб顣
ڷʱ˵ʧȥȦЩ޺ͱʾĽۣôĲԷҪһ롣
ЩǰζĲʳҲòζˡ
ִСòӲһɳĲҶӡ
ʱû׵رһټ۸񰺹Ĳͺá
ִоʱ鷳
ִʱֻڿڴͳһۣεǺܽҪ£һ㲻ʱš
ִȥ䣬绰ͨȻһĿƻϵϢ©
⣬ʦִͨ绰ʱе㳤ԺͺĿ˵Ǹ°˶ԽӵԱŶ֮ǰֵĴ˴ĿĹԱ˴
ͨ绰ִ꣬ϴϴ֡
ȥʱȴ֣ʱѾλϡ
ִʱմûпʱӰȥϲȥֲСסܡ
ִüͷ̲ס𣬿߼ҪȥҲľѯһ£Ϳ˷ʱڲĴſڣӦֱ̧Ȼʲô
ʱ
ִ߽˽һʱȻͷ
һž̲ײִʱۿһܷ죬ᶼѾ۾ţҪġ
ֻ뿪ȥһ绰Ĺ򣬷ʱȻҪ
ִеǳ˼飬߹ȥӦ˾䱧Ǹ鷳ˣȥץס˷ʱ֣Լߴ
һʱִ֣ͱ˫ϵ¶Ⱦˮˢ
ʱʱȴһѽסִִ֣档
ִͷϵ黹羪֮㷲ġ
ȥˣ
ִɳƵԼԼ˵һؼ𣿡
ʱΪԼˡ
ִĪоĿͻȻʲôץһ¡
绰ȷʵǽ̫ˣִ롣
ֻȥӵ绰
ִû뵽ʱͱŵֺܿ뵽ԼԷʱ̫ƶ̽в⵼·ʱȥһʮӵ绰ִ޷ˡ
صǰʱֽ˲ԼıӣͷҲͨ졣
ִĬƬ̺ô绰ң
ʱ˵ֻ㳵ˡ
أԵúίһ
𡣡
ٷԵʱǱѾûʲô˼
ʱȷʵûʲôʳΪŵҲпΪִǰϲʳҲʳʣ
ʱҡҡͷǿʣµʳﻹкܶ࣬һ£ֵ˵ͷ
ͺ˻صϡ
ִֻصõķʱͻȻʱҲǶʮͷԼС겻˵ҲͬҲСܶ࣬ں棬ӺӾ￴Ǻ굥ġ
ȷʵԼ£÷ʱ˲óܵĳͷҲпǿʱղֻԼ뿪ʮӣȫɥʧȫУΪԼֱµģ̫
Բ𡣡ִͻȻ˵
ִ뷽ʱԼֱŤȥǼʼļǺܲġ
תͷʱǸ֮ǰҴ㡣
ִĶԲǷǳѵһģʱ֮ס
ִϵĶ˹ȥԺԼġ
ʱ˹һ̨½ͬϷǸߵá
ִʱȲ򿪰װе
ʱһʼѡĸʻλãôӦڽĲǰͿյġ
Ϊʱһټ۸񰺹ĲΪһ̨ϷֻΪִ̫гĵǸ
֮ʱת
ִģ𽥱ûôĿˣʱ룬ִֻǶãʵкܶ˶ܻһȽϣִûôˡ
ܶʱʱϣֺܹõִǳʲôĿģҲãõĽǮҲãֻϣִҪԼôҲá
ʱʱǺܺúˣϷ
ִһЧԼ棬С˵һллϹ
ִǺܸ˵룬ʱյôĻԼʱŻԼ
صִֻ鷿һС
ʮӴ鷿صԵʱִʱſڴβѾ˯£ϷŴר־زٿĻϵСԾ
ִ߹ȥɫ£ʱ·˳
˵˯ɣ档
ʱȻܲˣھͷϣִҲһ£ﻹ˵𣿡
ʱûҪֵͣ˼ʾҪִġ
ִЩЦˣûʲôЦһͻȻ˵ˡ
ȻϷĻţʱ̧һ۾ͻȻоԼӱ
һ̣ʱͻȻһȣϷҲ´˲Ҫ̽ȥڵϵϷ
ȴִ§סִ֪һʲôʱԭȻһƺһȻקִ
ȥֱִҲסִʱǺƢˣԷʱ˵Ұ񡣡
ʱȴǺѹؿ
ûôŪأʲôִȻ鶯ûʱѾټࡣ
ʱſǻ϶˵򣬹סˡ
ִѷʱһƣŴ¹⣬ʱһƬʳᡣ
ʱڴϵʱɫ͸ӡӣǲã׾ɫѰ̺촽ͻſԵúɫ飬һ˫ۣ˫Ưè۶ʢסκζģк̬˫֪۾Եֺ޹ˡ
ִ᲻ϧฺʻݷʱȴΨһ㣬޷Ϸʱ׹Ư
ˡ
ִȻȥʱǰܶζΪִ׼ܾãҪʱ
Ƿʱȴûֹסһִû׵λһγԡ
һסʱ°ͣʱ촽ſִ촽ȥǡ


39 
ʱִקشϣǳռԵסʱΪȱ÷ǳҡ
ʱڵϷСΪ˲ٿأ֪Ұ޻ǵ˺ӵһһغĲҽС
ķʱʶͲǺˡ
ΪʲôҪͬѧ˵ֻеˬʵִۣõƣڿֻеˬ𣬻ۻΪ̫
ʱʶƯԶҲپ۽Ҳֹͣκźţֻ屾Ӧ
Ƿ˷ʱȻۣǺȫûԼִմˮķʱ
ʱǳɫ΢ǻع˿ߵִͷִԼԡ
ִʱºɵɵӲûбʾ̫ķУΪʱ̫ˣҪϢ
ְִϴʱͣϣʱϥһԵ࣬ⲻǸղŴµĺۼִ̲סüȥקʱĸ첲첲ҲһˣѾˡ
ôŪģִΪץĸ첲̧۾ŷʱ
ʱʱץеۣҲ˳߿Լĸ첲
½ǽȥɵʱˤˡ
ʱٳٲִɫЩãĿɨʱ˲Сһϥǣֲøղ˵ס
ԡˮЩˣִʱˮﱧôëסҷŻ˴ϡ
ִתصԡӳϴԼصʱʱѾͷ˱
ѧУ˴𣿡
ִƿӣº󷢾ʱսԼܸղŸʱԡʱˮȷʵеʱҲе͡
ʱԣҡҡͷҲǺϣִټ⡣
ǺصˣִȴĪһʣô£
ʱֻɤѡСˤˡ
ִŷʱƮ۾СĺԼײһ˲󣬾ָϽƿģ˵㣬ʱԼ֪֪ѵʵԣ
ʱȻ֪
ִѹȸе£ʱеǳϢ벻ִܹŷĻѻֻܹ뵽Ҳûа취ִǰ˵
ȥѧУһ𣿡ִѾܲõʡ
ʱԣ˵Ҫ㲻Ҫȥ
ʱִټ²ţҲִҵѧУȥԭίϣִƵس½ǰ
ʱͻȻоͷʹҲкܼĶһȵʱŷԼᣬоԼĴԺʱʱһЩ
Բ𡭡ңҴѧϰ﷭ǽȥСĴǽʱСˤˡʱȲֻܸԴԼϸִʵ
ִʣǽȥʲôˣ
Բ𡭡ȥȥɣϷˡ
ִһ֪ʱΪʲôŽ̲ģÿ²ҪĥԸúѧУĹ
ִ뵽ȥѧУӷʱʱµɫʱƤ̫𪣬һϢãܺ׵ؿ㲣֪ʱڿѧʱﵽӳ¥ˡ
ֲһûϢõӡִԸºʱܶ𱸣ȴǾ÷ʱʵǺǷ̡ܽ
¸µѼ롣ִ
ʱۣ֪һСҲᱻִϿسͷǰǮִŹˣʱһǧѾеǳ׾ݣȥһ룬ʱֱ֪Ҫôȹ¸¡
ʱֲֹ̧һᣬִҽԲ𡭡
ִǲΪӣأһĶԲֵǮ𣿡ִִţʱֲۣԵ˵ĶԲĻڹ޹ϵҪѳͷ
ʱףΪʲôִԼôسͷԼ󣬺ԼǸԼͿԭ£ĶԲִȴһĲֵѵΪʱ˺ܱˣĶԲ͸߸ϵִĶԲҲᲢۡ
ҽö顭ȡʱ޵óҭҭɤˣʱ޵ú˾ֿ
ִЩ˵ǣֱ޵úķңʷʱ֪֪ڼ㡣
ʱִģһɫӰӡ
ʱеεδ꣬еΪղŵĴûбܺõضԴоʹ
ʱִִȻｲűĲĻӻð
֮ǰĺܶΣִȻڴ϶ԼܻǽҲԸⱧԼԼļ
ʱӯˮ۾ִ֣꣬ĿİŽҡ
ִʱֿסСͷһ£Ӳؽ
һ˳ŷʱ۾䣬оԼǱһƽ˺һܾĵ˵ǡ꣬Ϻۡ䡭
ҹ꣬ʱ򣬴⾲׵һ˿Ҳ
ŷʱҹֲֹˣִ˳ŷʱϸϸһز°ͣ΢΢һ̧߶ϣִޱ˵졣
ʱ۾Ŀ־壬ȫΪȥظ
ڷʱִ֮ǰʱŴκִʵǶִЩµģʱ򣬷ʱѾִݺݴĥǵִʲôֻҪһһͻηĳ̶ȡ
ִ
ټ˳ӣִ᲻ٴκֻ֣ҹԼڻվԼ⡣
ʱ°ͷӱִҲҶͫĿ־塣
ʱı˻ȥӯϵһˮͣ棬ûٵŵòҶҲҿޡ
ִ徲ʱԹֽʱԼһ£Ǳס
ʱ彩Ӳֽűִϻ£ǻ˵ˣ˯ɡ
˺ܾãҲֻӣִŸоʱһЩôˣǰʱĵطоʪһС飬ִûٸƽϣ۾
úִʱ䣬ΪʲôԷʱһ
˼ΨһĴҲǣִƿطʱ̫ˡ
ʹڸλִҲȫƿһ˵ʱ
ʧȥķʱʮͷİеķʱִЦҪЦҪޣʲôʱԽУʲôʱԿޣҪ
ΪִǷʱΨһ̣ҲӦػΪˣס
ʱ󣬳˽ѵȴܲԣҲǲס𣬾㲻Ҳ׺壬ͺôŪỵֱڸִԶԷʱκ¡
ִԷʱѻӶֻԸΪӲķʱù˳˳ࡣ
ڣִڼӰ࣬ʣڼʱ䶼鷿ԭΪʱҪȥ棬Ǽ췽ʱһֱܰ
ѧǰһ죬ִϴ鷿߳Žҵʱ򣬿ʱڴߵĵ̺ţ󣬿ʱѾϷҪͨأǸԭȿʼªСˣʱѾ˻̵·;Ʒ
ʮĩת
һϣִ˹˾ͿʼᣬŻص칫ֿʼǩЩҪļͬ
϶ִֻһ£ͳֻǷʱԼϢ
ûǮԷˣתһǮɣҶĺܶ渽Сֱͼ
ܣ̸Ůˣ
ִ̧۾ְŮʵϰǽԼͿȵġ
Ůʵϰ˵϶µϵݣִĿⲢôսս̽ԵشȤִָָֻ̧꣬
ִֻſֻ汻˺ܶꡣ
ĩʱʱڿĲ輸ϵ˺ܾãԼֻ˸꣬ʣµʯûꡣ
ΪǳСҷֲִָ̫λãִʱŷ֡
Ůѡִֻ˻ȥ̬ƽ˵Ѿˡ
ִԴ˲ȶĻ״ľӪؿɿһܺõļӷҿԱܶ಻Ҫ鷳
ִϵĿһСڣǷŶˡ
ִĿɨŮʵϰ㵵˵ûб£ȥⱭȵݡ
칫ҵٴαϣִ˶ʮӺѵһٴη
ʮ·ȥҲʮ죬ʱĩǮʹʱ֪ԼһѣǰüƻƤִ֡
ʱֵͬ顣
ִڻظʼֶס
Ȼʱֵͬ飬һϿִʲô󷢴ȱò
ϸϸʱǺ֪ܲܵģΪǮʲôˣһٷҲܺá
һҪǶۣѧУ˸ͬѧ˵˭һݺ⣬Ҿ˭һô졣


40 
ʱѧУһһΣûпΡ
ʱִϢʯ󺣣ûеõκλظ
ʱʵϾûгԷˣë˱һʣµİëһֵֻһԪǮļ
ʮʱȥÿ½š
½ʱڴϺ͸ͬѧϷʱԴϴŵĶһ£ôˣ
ʱƺܲ˼ȷʵеЩǶ˵ԵʣҲֻŤŤ½ûгԵģ
½ʱһץûгֻ꣬ҧһڣû˷ѣڻϷš
½ƽѲ̫࣬һǧ壬ʱȥ䷽ʱʳԣĩҲս˿ӡ
֮䣬ϵôãûôļƽϣ½˲Ϻͷʱ˵̧һָأһûץҧһˣҪʹһͷԡ
ʱʱſ߽½ʣµץ½˵л㣡
ʱͰˡ
ӣΪ׿ݽ߷ʱִöһٵķʱ´Ӧó˼ԣǸʱʣǧٿתȥʱ򣬻ˡ²Ϊĸ֡
Ȼǧٿͣ˶ʮӣûգִʱתǮʱظ
ѵ˯ڻû
ִͷĪоһ˿Ծȴһ̺ʼϢʱֻѡԣתƻع
ʮӺִֻͻȻУĵ绰
ιá
ִ֮ǰӴԼΪԼܹʦ
á
Ƿʱĸ𣿡ʦӵ绰ﴫģ緽ʱͬѧѧУΪʳжŻºεˣҺñͬѧּ֣ʱ֪ͨңΪʱ̫ãǰ͵ҽԺҽԺ·˼ΣˮҺȶһЩ
û뵽ֻٳһٷʱֳĶִ̲ס̧һüģļҽԺ
ʦƣ鷳ʱһҽԺǰһλͬѧҺ
ãллʦ鷳ˡ
ʦæ˵鷳ƺǲִҪҶϵ绰ͼֳ˵ʱ磬ʵҴ绰һҪҪ˵һ¡
ʲô£
ʱŻ³ĶԶԶ౶İҩƬ
ִסץסֻһ٣˵ʲô
ʦҲ̾һǵ˵ʱͬѧʱھ״һֱ̫ãϣһ⣬ٵʦӳڿһʵٿϣõ߻֣羹Ȼôలҩҽӵͬѧ֪ͨȥʱͷһƿҩ֪㹤æҲҪĹĵܵܵ״ɣҽѯһЩͬѧӳʱǰҹء
ʦ磺첻ǳԻ˶ҩ˳ôǲ밡
ִûа취ȫʦϢһֱûнӻ
ȻȰܵȥϢϢһ״̬˵أ
λʦºͣ־ί񣬵ִڰʾʱص⣬ѾɱΪ˱ѧУĳ£ִѷʱȥ
Ĭһִش˵һȥҽԺģˣҼʱٸϢ𣿡
ŪǷʱȷʵĳҹҲΪϷ񾭿˯ţǹ˰ҩֻҪ˯
һγ̫Ҳûϸ˵顣
֮ʱˣ֮ǰһ̯ʱʹʹ죬ûͷûԵţûڲˡ
ִ˾Ѹٲ꣬ڹյһûӰ࣬ʱ°һҽԺ
ִҽԺʱɫѺڡ
ִʦṩĲϢʱĲ
λִǰͬѧһˢŶƵԼæվԼ˹
½ʱִѹִĳ࣬ӪαƵʱûʲôʵǷǳйԵģ촽ǿǺܲǺĮࡣ
ʱΪԼһץʹʱʳжɵµķ½ִʱ鲻ѡ
ϣ磬
½ִкȻԴǰûڵ˵Ҳû뵽ʳжǸץҧһûʲô°»ٲȥǸ̯ץˡ
µҲøˣŰЩʳҩҲ˳
½ʱִʱѾˣһûʲôıоִʵҲúܲϸ
ʱһĵӣƽʱӦöĹ㲻ֻǮ°
½˵ˣ˵ΪϴȥɴϷһѣʵҲҷҪȥģҪ־͹Ұɡ
ִŲŵķʱʱɫ԰ףԭǹ˵̺촽ҲʧѪɫһƬҽԺıӣȫ¶һؼͷĽ
ַ࣬룬ָͷȷʵһֱŲס
һϢɢŷǳ΢
ִķʱǶڷʱϵһ˲Ŀήеȵİ
ʱһֱվԼԱ߲ϸԼ½һ仰ִĶС
ִߴӴϵķʱջأ䵽λͬѧϡ
½棬ǼԺܺõִǵ֣½ҲġС׹ͬ顰СƹĶλ
ſʼСƹһֱβض
ִڿڣ½ɫ䣺ԾΪϷ͵͵ȻϸִȥɣλԻ
£Сƹֹͣˡ
ִ½δɵСƨ˵ٸһ䣺Ѿˣûʲô£뿪ˡ
Сƹǰֱߵ˾ʲôִҲû
½뿪ִȥѯҽʱ״
ʱĲ鲢ʲô󰭣ԵĶ˸ɾҩҲ˳еˮϵѪ֢״أŻε
ҽԺҺ˯ѾͿԳԺؼҡ
ִߵ£ȥʱ֣оñӸס
Ȼ˳Եֻ
ִ鷽ʱ˵ϸܵܶϷֵԪ󣬵ڶһʶԪĽûгɹ
ʱ˵˻Ѿ㹻֧ʽס
˳˵ҳ棬ز¼ʱСƹйһʸߴһԪĽתˡ
ȻһԪҲֻʱ졣
Ҳʱͦʮһܡ
ִʱȻ֣ԭʱͻǮǲûڵһʱѰԼİ
ʵǱִܾ̫ΣΪӭһѵ⣬֮ûִ½һԪ
Ѿµף½ּҾͨҲʣ޼ܽʱһٿѾܲס
ִһ·˳ŷʱϢԻ»ԼıעΪ˼򵥵ġִұȡö
ָһٺִ»˷ʱͳʫõĶԻ
ʫǰһϢ棬ʱһºʱĻظ
˵㣬кú
¶ʮһա
Һ㿴Ĵ䣨ͼƬ
ɻ
˽û˶ôùǽΪѡˡ
֮ӽǰڵ·ݣ˶Իֿհס
ʮգʱٴηһ㣬㶼ûнϲԼĿӦô֮ǰҲѹ𣿡
ѾִǼǹΪִִģڳʫ￪ʼƺԼΪˡ
¶ʮա
㣬ԭʲôҲûУޣ
¶ʮ
Բ𣬽㣬Һ㣬￴ҡ
Ҫ㣬㣬㡣
ʮʮա
˯ţСʱҳҡ
ʮʮա
ȥ㣬ҲҪң֪ңá


41 
ִѾ䲻жãʱûٸ͹СССƶ֮ûʲôͷķ羰ͼжò޾ϸغЩûӪճϻ
ִѷʱֻŻȥʱĵѾҪ꣬ǰ˴ͷлʿİť
˯еķʱʿεֱϵĶŪѡ
Ժۣоͷǵǰƹۣ˺ܾӦ˹ߣʱվԼߵִ
ôôʱ԰׵ִһʱ侫㱣
ѧУ赹ʦ֪ͨңִվڴߣ̵ػشʱ
һӣԼҽԺԼǰһʧȥʶ֮ǰԼθʹڵϣθ鴤ŻµĻ档
ŶʱӦһ
ҪҽԺϢһҹڻȥִ
ʱǺܲϲҽԺģоԼθĶ˸ɾҺһ֮Ⲣûʵĵط˵ȥ
ڼˣ̫Ļ¥ҪˣҪһ㡣ʱ֣ƿ˱ӣִ˵
ʱʱ򻹲֪ѾѧУż١
ִ̧ʵΪʲôҩ
£ʱסǸûִһ
ִһһϲӱˣڳɳһԽԽµͣʱԷʱϵ⾡ܸеȴѡӱʵظһ飺ʦ˵³ĶкܶƬҩ
ʱ͵Ŀ⻺ָһЩ΢ִϣһ룬ش˵һϴҹ˯ţ˰ҩߡ
ϴִüͷסһǳû˵Ĵ𰸣ʣʲôʱʼģ
ʱش𣺡ӿѧʼڡ
ִƽһ˿ָֺܿʣΪʲôôƬҩ
ǲˡʱֳӴӲϻ𣬴۾ͱִϵ̫⣬͵òеҲش
ҳץǰѾƬҺǣҪϢʱֳһΣ͡еˡ
𣿡ִ΢֪ŷʱ˵ûУ봹̧̽һʣѧУΪ㡭˵һ룬ִƺֺܱܻĳһͻأͣһ£ֲΪ㲻ˡ
ʱʱѾ˴ߣͷԼЬӶȥˣִĻһۣǳɫִڵӶһ˲
żɡʱһЩʵĻ˵󲿷ʱСʱ䲻롣
岻ģƮƮһִۣ֮Ŀײһ£Сֵʱ䲻ĸС֣ѧУʱǺִһʱִڷʱСϴɰʵףƽϵʱȴĪͣס׷ʵͷ
ʱҵԼЬӣӴ̵ѽŵŽȥЬˡ
ִԼϵŤ˵Ьͷ˿мķ˵ȴѧУʰ
ʰʲô
ʱϢͷԷ£ֱѧУ͵վһҡΣǰһڡ
ִַһ£ȷʱվˣŸԼִԼǰϵǻϰԵЩ£ų˵ûѧУʲô¡ΣҲǹʹ
û˵ǹִⲻ˷ʱ涼ЩʲôָʱѧУ˼٣ϢϢ
˵ִ꣬䵽ʱϣƺ̽йزȥѧУϲǷʱֻ޾ɵ֡Ŷһ
ִطʱصѧУ÷ʱڳԼȥѧУʰ˴¥˳
䣬ִʻλţʱʱֹʳжѣ³ͺ
ǿԼ䱻ʶѧУ̵ļڡ
ִûнӻĿбӵؼ
ʱԷóİҩ¶ԸεʦСĳѧУһĪƵʱͱͬѧ˵£Ҳֻʳжʳҩɣڷʱû֤ûκʱѧУڿ϶ҽ
˻صʱͷԵء
Ż¹ĳθҲʲô⣬ִֻܼ򵥵ظ˵嵭࣬ط
ۣϢҪֻˡڹҵǰִԷʱ˵
ȷʵʱִԣֻڴͷȻ۾
ִʮӴ鷿ϴԡ߳ʱʱѾڱ˯š
ʱֵһ˵С˲޲𣬵ʦĻִʫõϢȻرִ¼Ժ
ִڷʱǷһ㽫Žɣһϰ˼ǹȣĺصˣʱʫ÷ҪϢǱʶԪĽʧܵغϵġ
һ췽ʱϷֵûʧܣǲǾͻϷû˼ҹʫ÷һЩĻ
ִ߳ԡң˵ơ
ʱԼԱߣִɽѶʱֽ˹
˵׾ٵģͱȫܲһӸе
ִƺʱžʱ³еڣ࣬յСϼ°ԣ壬ؿʱ߹ǡ
ִǰ룬ҪˮʱҲһٹһʱͺˡ
ִ롣
ҹ֪賿ӣִһЩ΢Ķѣһڣ⻽һЩʶ
ִһԱӦ÷ʱŵλѾˡ
ִȻۣһ̿Ӧڴ˯ķʱϴŵ˯£Ѿ̽˴档
ʱڸʲô
վڴԵķʱִԼ֣ſڴŵվֱˣعͷ
ִʱҹɫסСķ˿ҹ紵ҵɨնͷ
Ų԰׾ãĲ԰СȻײִͫס
ִ֪ԼôʱԱץסģԼ򶨵һѯʷʱڸʲô
ʱʱһ۴⣬㷲˵̫ˣ˯ţΪǴûйؽشӣûꡣ
ʱԽԽֻͣ򿪴ˮ
ִվ˴ߣҲһۡ
ʮĩ²˸еůȴҲ㹻̹Ǳһҹʱִǰִеһͬʱ亹ӱð
ʲôûС
ŵҹ綼ֹͣ
ʱĲˡ
ꡱһҵĴִһѹϣڷʱǰֽۣܵؽϡ
бϷһҿյ©ˮִԼ侲ֿƵ˯ɡ
ִŷʱصϣʱڴͷ谵ĵƹԵú㲣˱ִºȴ۾
̫ˣ˯šʱıḩ̂෢۾ֲϣִΪԼѶֻǿ˯ǽ˵ҿΪҽԺ˯̫ˡ
ִ磬¶ȱúܵ͵壬첲ͷƹȥȻסĶ䣬§˻
ʱоִȵԼϣϣΪαĺܽʱִ
ʱʱеǳůܲ͸ذ۾ںڰҪٿִһۣȷǲˣǲһ
顱ǹʱ˵յ©ˮˡ
ִںҹúܵͣ˵Ǿ˯ɡ
ʱȴûбۣǱѵͻȻֻصָһʱȷִǲġ
ִĸ첲ȷĺ󣬲ֺɵʣҡҲʲô󲡰ɡ
ҹ˼ʲôִʱЩ첻ǸմҽԺҪʲô󲡣ҽ׳Ժؼ𣿡
֪ˣ˯ˡִأʱϽۡ
ȻִʱԸԼ䱧Լ˯ǿܺܿͱԼԼǺûĵģһԼһٻЩĲ̵£ķʱԳܵġ
ȷʱۣԼ𽥱ƽȣִȴ쳣ѡ
ʱˣǺصĲϸϸ䣬ѾǵһκԼ˵
ִʱ𣬳ʫȥ컹зʱ׷ծĴ춼졣
ִ֪СķʱҹױٴΡ
ִ⣬ʱö˶˵ĵΪʲôǸʱƻлغǺܶ¡
ѵԷʱԷʱʲô
ִԷʱѾ㹻ģΨһһγǴһġ
ʱִ±ʮְ壬ӴһֱԿŰı׼ϸҪԼӴ˳ɼֻнûкˣʱԼʮְ壬Ӵ˾һ겻׼ʱϿβҪٵҲҲ಻ˡ
ʲô
ҪʱԸѵ˴ˤһӣۣܼסѵԺҪٷֲһ£Ԩ
ִԷʱܹ֣÷ʱеʹ
Ҳ÷ʱѧضУٿƴѧֻȥء
ִҪĵϰߣ̤̤ʵʵˣʱȴֵǱΪѵò֪ôһ
ʱΪʲôֵܱôܻʵôĴģ
֪Ƕùȥһִ˯ȥ
˯źȴ֪ôصռլĺ԰ŽصĴ̹бصĻأߣ棬ֲõһ껨
֦ϹһľСӣĴָСдŷʱ
ִԼʱ֦ҶͿʼҡôĺܿʣȥҿҪήඡ
ִѾʪһСţ˵Ǹո㽽ˮ𣿡
еģҲܺˮֻܺȼֵǧԪһƿˮҴҲǺǺҫܲҵĸΧһʯأôһ㣬ҪСꡣʱҪҵĻҲһЩˮѽ
ִͷʹѣҲúܲƣĻ¶ͿԿúܺãΪʲôУ
ҾΪûչ˺ңھˡ
ִʱһƬҶӣԼչʾҶϵĶ
ִһףһ˵Ѿ㰴ʱʩʹҲˮˣԼָ´Ҫʵʵؿ
˵ִֵ꣬סҪÿһ㡣
£ʱͻȻ޽Ӿʱȱһѽʲô취Ҿչ˺ܺãҲֻܿĻûа취ܱĻôܺÿ
ܲˣɴһʼͲҪ
⻹ΪԼִ̫˫ֲŶأӸµһڵʱ䣬ĵë
ִʱһڵʱǷʱȴûһʱ佲һصĻִµһ˲䡣
ʱ֦ҶûüĻ˲ήžҵִƤЬϡ


42 
ÿ峿ǰִʱ໹ڡۡһֲͬѰƵͣײؿڶЩ飬һ˿ϸ΢ۡ
ִͷԼﻹں˯ķʱΪԴԼǰԼ˲СĸŻеĿڲʡ
ִʱŲȻϴ
ʱҪ˯ܾãڱѧУ˻¿ִҲҪٺ
ִоʱҹ˯Щ˯ϰ֮⣬ͳ˲ûʲô̫Ĳ
Ǿˣִ뿪ϰǰǴӷʱҳϷȻûҷŵ˴ͷϣϳ硣
ҽĵջ·ɹ
ʱִȥϰ󲻾Ӵ˯۵ʱ򣬹Ȼһ۾ͿڴͷϰŵѾϷ
ʱϷֽȤλõ
ʵһǰͿҪͨؿʣһȣһֱûɡ
洴ֽŵǣϷԴӹ֡
һֱæŸСŵǵķӸװޣϴεԪһĺǸʱʽȱ󣬾ûбǮҾ߽⵼µСŵǵļﻹǿյġ
ʱִתǧ£½Ϣ˵л󣬽һԪתʣǮϷΪСŵµĴɳ
浽ʮ࣬Ϊ۾ʱ붢Ļʱ۾ͿʼЩ̧۾ʱֲֻһ£Ϣѡ
ʱֻ½Ϣ
ִڷʱǰѧУʱǲӹ˾ؼҵģڼﻹиķʱִֻܵ
ִ·ϴֻʷҵʱļˣǰˣʮӻص˴С
ִڳ˵ʱպԱֽ˹ǵĲͣ˶Է¥ܵĹ
Ųʹ򿪿ţִߵؽԿ׶£Ϳʱڿɳϡ
ԼһţʱţʼֱضԼȻͷЩˣǰɢͷеס۾Ⲣִ濴ԼԹŭ
ִŵĲʳŵϣȻת߹ȥôˣ
ʱһֻǰһݣִ˵㻹ôˣԼʲôԼ
ִûֻֽһɨעΪ½˸ʱϢ
ʱԲ˵Ķԣ㣬ҪҲһٿҲûˡ
·ǷʱתȥһԪյϢ
̵ִϢʶ½ӦþСƹִûдκػвʲôԣƮƮʣʲô𣿡
ʱ⸱赭дӣ͵شɳվϹ˵ʲôˣΪʲôҵǸǮҲԸˡ
½ǷʱΨһѣĩһٿ½˵ǷⶼԸˣ½û˵ʱǺľսشǷ̬½ΪִҪԼһϵ˼
ִʱ̬ҲǵһСµķʱôΪһСƹҲԼ
ôˣ˵ĲϷ㲻עŽʹжʧ㣬ģΪʲô׵ò˿ӣ⻹û꣬Żȥɣǽˤ˵ҲˣθǸ˲ɲĶȥҽԺ
ִɫһʫðѷʱѾͷۣʫѾûˣִٶۣðһ½Լû꣬ڱ״ԭֻߺִ޵ķʱҲŶ
߾̫߰ˣűͬѧԾԸ㱣־ãҪǵĻҿԺҲûʲôҪıҪ
ʱִ߸ϵأҪԼʱǰڣվһֻӦ˹𱳵ըëèһ㣺ƾʲô֪ѧУʲôӣ
ʱۣҪޣķҵִǲͷ
ʱѧϰʲôӣǳٵˣϿиҲвãֻеָһ޳ɵӡ
ûԸҽҲû˺棡½ΨһѣƾʲôҪȥ˵
ûԸ㽲ΪԼѧУֵ̫⡭ִ֪ʱΪʲôҪСʱæĺбʱûôӦʱȴΪʲôѵΪСƹر
仰ƺǳװѷʱѹ壬һִӲʯĳѾԵ̫οͷԼ
ʱɳǰ뿪ܻصﺿ
ִʵܹ˷ʱᣬɫҲóߵصƿţ㵽û꣡
ʱ޵ôʪһƬִ̧ͷתǲܲˣƹˤ
½棡ҾҲҪȥѧУˣ
ִЦѧʲôڣ
ʱƵóױһִ˻𣺡ر㣡Һ㣡㵽ΪʲôҪҽ飬ҲҪٺһ𣡡
ִ˶ֹסһ˲
ʱԼ˵ʲô
˵رᣬ˵ԼִŷʱſڴϿ޵ֵǳίһ
ִ׷ʱôİǣҲǳʫý̵ô壬ѵ֪˭̶קµģ
Լ־ʱڻһʲô³ѵԼ֪
Լʹж£ͰˣȻ˵ʲôԼԼĻǺ˵˵ִڴϿ޵һһ飬˯¶ǽڽӣϸݷǳԵʱպõ·Щɵĺܲˡ
ִʱϣϵλϣһܲԵģָ׳̣״İִ̺ۣ˰ͣƿ
ִǿѹĿڵŭ⣬侲ֿƵ룬ʱֻǲˣ˵ЩЩʲôǺܵġ
ҲһᣬֻǷˡ
ҷʱִ֪ԵСĶִ֣ҲʵûбҪڷʱִ˲ƣӮ
ʮӺ
ִŷʱֻ绰ͨ˺ܾǱ߲Ŵһ˯ѵ
ִޱֻԵ绰ͷ˵ιǷʱ磬ġ
Ȼ˵̬Ȳ̫Ѻãǲû˵Ǽѵ˼
ǣڼϢпաִ˵˶٣ΥĵزϺ䣺пտ棬ѧҵ̫žͲ鷳ˡ
ͷ½֪˵ʲôִ֡š˼
̬֮ȲѺõ˶ԷΪѸʱ鷳֮ٴ̬ȲǺѺõıһ˿޵Ǹ⡣
ִ绰ֻ꣬Աһ̧ɨҵŷ죬ûйؽĿӵ绰ͨʼͱõ˺ܶ࣬͵
Էִò뽲ܴ³ؽͺŽ΢¯ȡ
˺üӣʱǴŽŲ˳
һ޵ͨ죬ɫûлָǿǵ绰ҶϺ½Ǳк˵ʲôѾȶ
˫ֽӹִݸӵʱøձˮè۶ִһֺܿ㿪ߵʱ򣬸ղŶִ̬Ⱥܶӵ˻޽й
ִ룬ʱĲѾ̲ݻ
磬ִѵһ˰ļ٣طʱȥǰԤԼҽ
Ҫȥ
ںŵķʱڳʻʮӺ󣬲ԼѧУ·֮󣬲ſʼѯִ
Уִûдʱʲôڴľ󣬷ʱſڳڿ˺ܾá
ִӺӾһۣش˵ȥҽ
ʱǰִȷʵǺԼᵽ£ʱԼ͵½Ϸ˵ҪԼҽΪԼ͵ԳĲ֢
ʱ֪֪ĲҲܹơ
ΪԼȻһϴˢԩִԼǺܿٷͣǲûзԼúÿһϲ͵Ĳ
ִʱ˽ѯġ
ǰӴԱ¥װ޵òǺ񳣹ҽԺɫͣӵ߳ȣԿǰмſʵɳС輸ϻЩʳ
ִɳʱҡ
ʮӺ󣬷ʱ
ִʱ̧ңҽк
á
ãǡ
һλŮҽ˵һֺºͺʵĸо
ãǲ˼
ҽĿ䵽ִӢϣܿӵʱǰɡ
ִûзϣܿ⣺ô
ʱ磬ǰԤԼʱ˵й͵ԵʷһηʱڣһΪ׷ծȥ͵ֱںܼ˵״ܿܶǴڼȲ״̬£ΪͶ·ұѡڻ̬ǳȵ£û͵ûа취ἰġ͵񱡱֮Ĳ֢ݡ
ִĬû˵ҽܵС׽ţҺһģֻܼû̫Ļ⣬ϰԵѣСʱɵϰߣͬ⣬ڲͬʱγԵڶѯʱҲͬĴ𰸣ϲʲôʳ򵥵Ĳκκ⣬Ҳܷȶ˵ϲ߲ˣǺᵽʳҲ˵ϲ߲ˡ
ִʱ򣬿ʱԼɳϵӣͻȻֱ˵ͷԼ£˶棬¶һŰСеŵԼ
ҽô˵
ִ߹ʱɳеִ֣߬ʣ˵Ժ󻹻͵˶𣿡
ִŷʱ飬΢ı仯һ˲ͣټ룬ش˵ᡣ
֪ЦķʱӦûᱻִЦִûЦ
ַʱеȨΪĻˮƽߣڸ̸֪ʶĻλ˻äĿŷݡ
ˣǴαִж͵Ϸʱִжϳ¼ߵԼ
ҽԺҲڽź󿴵λŮҽһŷϵ֤͸Уѧλ֤飬һţֻһСʱ̸ͿԽ͵ԶϰΡ
ģ
ִڴ۽գһ˲˵ͷ˵ģԺ˱˵ĶǱĸġ
ִʱ·ɴ⣬³һСС߶һ䡰̫ˡ
ֿʱֱ建Ҳɳϡ
Ϊʲôߣʱʡ
ҽһҩһҩ̫ǻһ¡
ִĻʱŻʿҩù
ִʱ򿴵ʱɳϲ£ϥǣ˫Ҳһ𣬷ϣִǰμӲιͻչʱͻϿŮˡ
ִ̲ס࿴Ĳһۣûסַֽڷʱϥϡ
ʱоִȵĴУִҽԺ︧ԼȣǺΪлٴԼķϣֻ̾һûֹ
ִ΢΢ֿһЩоʱ˱Լˣջ
Ϊ˷㣬Ժÿѯҿʱĩ
ʹǰԸֶεִԴʱֻûϵĲ֢Ҳʮֵ޲ߡ
ⲢִڷʱĲãֻ˲ûΪϸ£ֻΪְִҽ
ڷʱѧʱῴŷʱⷽʱĲҲⷽʱݡ
ʱΪִֹǾ÷ʱڵ֮ǰƻк̫࣬Ҫϸϸ˵ʲô仯أʱ廹ڼֻûܹȥ齫ơ
ִճʱִȥ۵һҵ¶ĳǰⳡϼϸ˶Ѿǰһ±ȣݹ
ִҲʱ룬ʹԸݷʱ齫ڹ˾ΪԾøнܹ꣬ǰ棿
һ룬ϷǺ˴ŵˡ
Ϊ˷ʱػѧУΪȳֵϷǮӣһЩʣµĳʳڱͽҽԺִ˷ʱϷʮԪȤλõļҾ߳ǺͷװɨһգڿĶѾ޿ʱ֡
ʱӿϵӻصʱڴϵִԼϷ
ʱȻֺѴִ̽ԷִӺ󣬻ȳסҪҵϷûա
仰ǰߣִĿʱƺҲʶȷʵϷ̫Ե顣
û˵Ҫߡ
ִæڹû̫ʱԸڼҵķʱ飬ֲԷʱڼԹѧϰ鿴ĳ룬ʱϷѾЧ÷ʱڼ˼ķ
ִ룬ְϷݸ
ʱܿӹǺִܾһᷴһ
ʱùϷϷͣڴҳ棬ĶΪԼҲ˾ʮżӵѡ
ʱֹסۣԼĿķװƷеķӿʽҲѾ
ҳǮģ
ִ赭дػʣȻء
ƻмҲҳڶԸܷʱĻӵˣʱԼܻûʶһ㣬Żᾭִﲻ֪Ϲ֡
ʱȫСŵһ˲䱩ӵиߴĺ¶ӾصĳȲָСŵǻһ̵ĸ߱ɫ·Ļϲָһ١
ʱִûߡ
ȻһסǷʱִĿԼϷǺܲڣɼ˳ʵ㲻ȥ鷿𣿡
żӹ˾һΣִҲȥ鷿ʮٳ
ִޱ鿴ŷʱҲ˵ֻɫԽԽ䡣
ʱʱڷӦʲôƵģϷ̫ȷ룬̽˵һллϹ
ִʱ޵ӦһȻӴˡ
ִӴ뿪ʱ˲˵˴ȥ
ִ뿪ǰվűߣͻȻ˷ʱһۺ󣬳ҪҪҰ߶Ժڼ˯
ִַʱû̾ͺϲشӦǺŤܲԸһ˵Ϊʲô
ִջߣ鵭أԼ˵ϴء
ʱȻԼϴأڼûҹ˯ãҲܸԭִҹҲԼ˯ڰ˯
ڼҲ˯áʱ
ִһҲţоʱڹǣҪԼ䣬ǹʣ˯Ҳ˯ã
ƺǹ˷ʱһЩ䣬ҹִΪԼŶ䣬Լܽ˯ŵ飬Ҳûõ˾Υ˯ߡ
ǣʱƺмֶҡϾʧ»Ǵ̫ĥִÿ춼𣿡
ִʱܻºҲҪԼԸʱ˯Ļ
ִ˵޾ͱ
ʱһִܸԼܼƽϣ˵˺ãʾԸִ߶


43 
ʮ£ʱȻڼѧ
ʱִÿĩȥǼ˽һСʱ赼ڷʱӦǵġ
ʱÿִ뿪ҵһСʱ𴲵һǴϷǩȡԳ齱ʯȻͿʼϷĵϽй䡣
ʱѾ׼ִʱ䣬ִܶżȻӰٵʱ̣صСʱῴʱ໴һſڴڳС¥
ʱ󣬻ڿɳϼǰȰշһЩ죬ִĳЩҹ
һʱֺضִѣպ˵ԼǴҪٹһΣƭִգִֻԵ⡣
ȥЩСʱĳ̶ֳϳƵϢɣڼﰲ׳棬ҲָһЩ⡣
ִһʱѾָźţͣ˷ʱҩ
ʱһûʲôӦڶ쿪ʼجΣִԱ߶޽УẰ㡱ҲẰҡûкִ֣ûжִȡ
ʱ£ΪʱľִҲСͬʱҲۡ
λҽĹ֮󣬵óĽǣǰҰ˵ͻȻؽӣסû飬ѻҲпԭ
ִ飬ʱȴǳٳٲá
ҹʮһ룬˾Ѿɵڴ
ʱȴǷȥزԸ˯ȵִ˯ţȴһЩOO@@ǷʱԼļ
ִ˯ѣۣԼŵķʱһͷͷ۾ǽ겻
ִôˣ
ʱץִǰ˯£һ鶼Ѿץ壬ʱʱתͷһ´⣬ܿջ
Ȼܽ꣬Ǻڲûпִִ֣ǰƿ촽ϣҧָϵĵִ̣ʹ˵¥ϵھӽһ¿յ
ִʶʱڷٴγֻ
ֱִҰס䣬ȻҲУ
ʱû˵ִоԼµԴҡҡ
ѾγҩķʱͻȻͣҩĽϷӦأִĻҲװ
ִĬＸ˲Ȼš˴ͷơ
ҹʮ룬ִӴȥ÷ʱҩץһСҩһֶˮ
߻ʱ򣬷ʱѾӴ
ְִˮҩʱӹҩҲһۣͷιԼһˮȥ
ִΣִҳʲôҩֻ߶ߵҩƬȻô¸еɣʲôĻţڻھ޿յ
ܴ󲿷ֵʱִоʱܿɺޣʲô³ҲǾȡСֵʱִҲоʱܿ
ʱ֪֪ʱ򶼲֪ԼˣҲ֪õʱ򣬻᲻֪Լá
ʱҩְִѵƹϣɻشϡ
ʱʱѾҺλãִԱ£ִǰȻһöһֱԼŦƣȻְѶִĿڵλã
ʱ֪ʲôʱִߵϰߡ
ִϰ߲ûмʱڷʱѾҺλðʱĵ룬һҹԼͻʲôಡʱʻһϳ
ִʱһκƽȣ˯š
ִҲں֪ʶʱ˾ǲ˼ģи޴ĴҲһұ
СľƵǿȥ꾭ΨһˣʫȥȻʧȥӻɡֱǷծ׷õᱻץסϽףִȻجج֪ԼôķʱܼţִΪȵʱܿΪִŴش࣬úķʱҲʶԼ⣬ǲŻᲡˡ
ͣҩʧִܺΪԼҽҽҪš
ա
ִȥ˾Ӱ࣬뷽ʱֿʱŽŲߵɳϣѾ̺¡
ִȥĩʱȥ赼֮⣬ʱڼŲ
ִɳ¶ŵСͷҪҪһȥɢ
ʱͷҲأȥ
ִںڵӶһ£Ҳȥ
ʱȥУʱЩԥΪȷʵкܾûٳʳִŵĲ͵㶼ܽûʲôʳƷܹ÷ʱá
ʱڻعͷִԶԶ
ִ˵Ҷ̳·͵
ͣ룬ִɳϻķʱǺܻ˵һðɡ
ʱѾ붬ʱηϺ׺ֹһΧ
ִװһﶬôϴһɫףȷʱ٣һǰһӴС߳
ԽǵĵطִԽǷʱĲԾֵǰȻûзַʱѾԡ
ʱܶȺкԵηУһ·϶ִܽҵͷȵ˳ΪǹյԵʣ̳ﲢû̫ˣִŸоԼԵķʱһ㣬ûôˡ
ʱʼڻѡһЩʳͬƷƵƬ˺ܶܶɫ޵ϣﳵﶪ
ִ꣬ųȥѡһЩ䡣
˴ӳ߳ʱִһһʱѡЩʳƷѳĺŵĴҲŵÿҪװ¡
˴ӴСʱ߹Сդʱ̧ͷһۡ
пʼƮСѩںɫҹл䡣
ʱסϳһ˲ãȻ
СһԪʮ¥ǼԵĴڡ
ȥûκοյ
ѩƮ䵽ڻʱҹգԺХĴ̹ǺͻȻ׸ɵ졣
뵽ǰִԼɻȥ⣬ȥԼǼǽʱ
ִĻûлûлɴգûУûзʱǰдϲһС
ŽǼϣʱִָָŵĵطǩԼ֣ҳӢĳˡloveʲôҲ
ʱǰżŮʢϣ˻ֱʡԸ˳ΪɷۼǽƶǸлκɣչԶ겻ֱͷ
ʱƺиֱĦֽҳɳɳǼִŵǼǱǩֵ
ִʱǩԼƮǩʱϵıҲ֣ز಻ʥ
ԼûʲôԼҪʲôʱı飬ûʲôͬΪ
ͷʱһ
ʱȻͷײִ۾ʱûлعԼǩֵʱҲĬԸ⡣
ִС˵ʲôԸ⣬ƺǺܲ˷ʱһֲ㵱ȻԸ⡣
ֻ˵ôһͲ˵ˣͷʱ̫ƽǮⷽ飬ϾӳûȱĶ
֮ǰʱǧ㻨ǮҲǵǮ޶ȣȻӻϣһͥĺһʼԼͨУ԰
ʱعǴ㶵ִ
ˣʲôִ˵Ȼһۣ˽ţֻͷûиϡ
ʱִԼڴ˳Ȼȥִ֡
ִŶ¶еѾͻȻͷʱԼСһȦ֣ҪסԼ
ִ¶һֿ֡ʼˡı飬ֺܲͣͣôණôǣ
ʱִĳʱοʼִԼ񣬾ͿʼһĻûа취
ʱʱ򼱼ææ˵ҿ԰һ㡣
ѩʱµѾЩˣִӣֽһó˷ʱǺܷܵ˷ʱҪ
ʱæشٿ˵ıɣѾ첽Сִ档
ӽ붬ůͶʮСʱͣЪ
˽ѵףִʰźãְѱ
ϣʱֵñϣִסʱͻϵſ죬ϵʱҲÿûϸ첲ȥ§ִĲӡ
˯ǰ˯ǰͻȻִ˵оԼģеѧУϿΡ
ִַʱǺìܵˣ˵Լڽ飬ȴڳŵʱԼ棬ܶβСĲȵԼЬӣ±Լڴϵʱ˵ҪȴֱԼܽĲҪ֮ǰ˵ѧ˵ѧУ
ʱܰԹֻõôֲԸеһۣѧʱ˵ѧԺҵҲὲܶ鲻ϰࡣ
ʱĺݶͣ֡Ҫ֡Ҫģìܷˣһ漣֣շʱʶתҲһֽһǰǰĿ


44 
һϷĻʾɫӢַϲȫͨأȤλõһƬҲСŵǷϣеķݿʽͷװҲռϡ
ʱϷ󣬺֣صعϣȻŵһϷԱĴ䣬һ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
ʱϺ֮ǰһۣȻ̾һӺˡ
ʱðյ˽Ϸôɿ֣磬п֣սҪعʵ
ڷʱ߶֮ʽָУ԰
ΪʱûΣֻżֻһڿΣڹ˾æµִǲܼʱʱѧִָһʳѣԼ򳵻
ɴˣʱ˵ǧٿ顣
ָУ԰Ѿܣʱٴβ죬ȱ̫ãΪһЩҩʱÿ˯ʱҪʮСʱҼҲôã⵼ЩϽȡ
½ĵԼȱεʱԼҲдһݱʼǣʱÿδҲʮӾͻ᷸
ǵʵٿϣʱһ߲һһǸüˮ˻ǼۣҪٴóʼǷһȥòһ
ʦϢһµѧ˽⣬Ҳûֻ̫Χͬѧѡ
һ¿γ̣ѧϰɵĺ決
ǰ֪ʶѧò֮ʵٿϣΪǵһԻʧֻ߲ôɹѧкܶࡣ
ʵڵͰڻŴӿ￾ֻʧѧƷЩ̫ܳԵĶͬѧѡ
ͬѧǶķʱԼЩʧƷԥԥ˺ܾá
ʲô
°ִ輸ϵϴʵ
ʱѯʣԼĵңˣϴ򿪣Ȼյִǰһɣݵִǰ
ҿıɣҪҪ
ִûʲôؿǰʱʳָĴָŵһС粻״һС磬ɫƺͺɫ֮䣬ζҲЩ˺׼ȷݡ
ʱıǰһݣѾűϡ
ִſ죬ҧ
һɶɬζȻJ˵
ִҪƲסԼı飬һͷȴֿʱͷŶڴԼ
ϾǷʱģʾãûʲô⣬οʱĴ
ԣִޱϣʱܹģƷҲƵǻ˸߼ۣû湻ƷͻҲǺ˲ġ
ʱִֶ첲еʣô
ִ룬ǾҪķʱ̧ˮˮǰԺ̬ܽȣҲԷܵ˵ˣá
ʱʱĴִϴҳһģڿЩɵĶٴִƼٳһأݿζġ
ִˮĽŲһͣ޿κεſǿڱɵʱһɶֱӵʹöЩ顣
ȻʱȴûаݣٴνϴﻹԽݮζģ֪ϲҾȫˣһһЩء
ʱ쵽һ룬һֻȵĴֽסˣʱ̧ͷִ˵ˣҵĲ͵ˣȳԷЩȰ
ʱעܿ챻תƣһңûе㡣
ִۼֿؽ輸ϵϴߣȻش˵ˣϲ˵𣿡
ʱıɱŽ䣬ִҲû͵͵ӵٺЩɷŵʯӻҪӲֱִ͵͵ӵ
ԴˣѧУ﷽ʱͬѧʵٿϾῴ༶λͺѧڿѧûжþݼһ£߾ߵģʱ˭˳۵ĸͬѧڱͬѧѱʦֲϸĶʱֻԼǶѲϸƷǲ˷һ
Ǵ½֪ʱľٶΪܰԣҪȥ硣
ԪһΪһĩ٣ļڲ㳤½ûؼҵƱǾûлȥ
żǰѧĳȵģǷʱѧûоס½ʢһ˹ȥ档
ʮִѵûмӰֻ࣬еƵ¼ϵߵûʾʱӰ
ִϡǵ緽ʱӦĵͽ˿γ̣û㻹ûеҡ
ʱλصѧУԺÿ׼ʱ׼ذʱѧΪرȺ˶ĵط
ִһ߽γ̱µȷһ飬һ߲ͨʱĵ绰
绰˽ʮűʱǱߴһЩ쳣ӵ졣
ι
ιѧУҽ첻Ӱ࣬費ҪȥѧУ㣿ִʡ
绰һͷķʱûԤϵǰִȻôһ˲ִֺ˵ãˣΪҪӰأǺ˵ˣҽ첻ؼҳԷˡ
˭һԣ
ʱִ͵Ϊ˸л½ûϿڼҼǱʼǣҽԷ
Ŷ׼ʲô
ǻûѡأڸյ·ǰн֡
ִڴ깫˾ʮ¥칫Ļ͸ӯӯӳڵ֮ͫϣ治ɫ˵ѣǺɣҲյ·ǰ棬ǳԷ
Ǳߴ죬һʻʱ˵ⲻ̫ðɣ½ֲ죬ϴλ˵أ
ִգһۣ۵⾡գ˵ҲǶʾǸƽϵİɡ
ִҳǰҪʱȥԵļҷϷʱʵҪĲѡһģ·нǰ¿ķֺܲҴǵ԰ɣ˵ܺã˻ڲΪ㵯١
ǽ𣿡
ʱŵ绰˿մ̯߹½ЩԥִֶĽЩĶ¿櫵Ĳ϶۸񲻷ƣˢüҲƹƵҵʱ
ȷʵʺִ򵥡
룬ʱѹشִ˵ǺðɣɲҪٸ˵ЩĻô࣬ҵĺѣӦöлŶԡ
ִͣ룬˵⵱Ȼ
ʮӺִʱʱ½Ѿλϣ˲͡
ͷʱҪҳλͣһ㵽˿ȳԣȡ
ִһɫĳףһ˫ȱֱ޳ԵͦΣںڵķɫмΪ߶ɢ˶ǰһЦʱԳһַǳ䵭Ŀ
½ʱװ㳡ϸģƵģǿһͼġ
ִʱԵ£½˶档
ʱ˸պϵʳ̾£ɫ
ִ΢΢תͷڷʱСƹһǱӣ۾۾Ǹδɵģ
½ִԭҹе̯ͻȻק˾ǧķΧеʩչƵľнִͰ͵شк˵һأʱȵ͡
û£˵ȳԣ룬ʱ˵ѧУûչӦúúлл㡣ִֶӦѾǵõƷ΢΢ЦСƣ
½ǰʱȷʵеǰĿƬʱִԼ˵ԼķƱҲæƱǰ졣
һʱżҭסﶫûüʣ㼱æھʱ磬ǡС½
ִ΢ЦƵظĿڣлл㣬С̡
ʱ򣬷ʱеȥˣоִԴѺܲأһСŵһ磡
һеģβţԹ
½ûпĵطʱ£Ȳ᲻صزִһ¡
һ¹ִ߸ʱ͸Ŀⴥһ˲ִ治ɫɫ
Ǹҿ½ͬѧлչҵܵܡִһʱְ½յĶˣƱ½һһҪܺȾƣȿԵ㡣
½æ֣ʾԼҲܺȾơ
ʵ½˽ơư׾ѾûٺȹʱִߣŷʱǸӣҲЩ
ͻѾ룬նӡ
ִ䵽ϣͻȻ˵Ҳ𣿡
ʹ΢̧ʱҲտҵãͣպ󷢵΢ͬǣܻϣ򿨵˻Ϊޡ
𣿡ʱ׶̧Ӻַ£ǿŲϵĲʳʵǾǳûסջԥԥͳֻ˶ʮš
һٷԵñԭԤ룬һЩǮһЩЦ
ͺִֿͿʱĺͻѧУȻطʱؼҡ
ʱڳϿʼ޽ĵЩͼü˾
ִص鷿ȥͬ΢ˢʵʱȻû¾ˢ˷ʱ΢
ִ΢ӷһ΢ϵȥǮʱһЩ޺ۡ
յǮܿ죬ûãִͿʱƪ˶ٸޣ۵ȥһˮ
ĵ̫ˣרҵӰ޹ɡ
Ҳ治һ۸񲻷ƣĽȥԡ
ֿҵ֡
ִ䵽ʱĹͼƬһϣǷʱźƱϸָͼ
ִһۿ꣬˵δҲ̫ˮˣԣǷʱǺܴҲӦûΪЩͻȻĪðԼ۸еԾɡ
Ҳ۸ڸߵˣƷζȷʵһ㣬ֻǰ̽һЩĳʳȥģûҪԩǮ
ִһ䣬ͽֻ£Ȼ˵ԣʼ칤Ҫõϡ
ʮңִӰ칫ֻֻ򿪻֮ͣǰҳ棬ִ㿪ַʱÿ޺涼ظˡллףõõ壩
ֻԼظˡԲͱϹ˵ۣ
һ˽Ҳ˺㣬ʱϢЦҵճˣʲôԩǮ
ִҪЦ鷿߳һƿԵţȴʱѾڱӱ˯ţŨܵĽëλã˵⣬Եִ̬ûѾż˯˴м䣬ͷǰں˱ִڻ˯λá
ִץֻĻԶϨŴϵķʱɫ֪ʱôֹֻģһ¹˵һִҪں֮ǻ
ǣ˷ʱ֪һִ̫ܹ󲿷ֶѡһ
ִؿڵһûü£Ѿɢ޼Ѱˡ
ִϴԡɵȥֱʱһȥ˯¿ûϵãһƬȻƤ⡣
ִûżϵã䣬ĦС
ʱ⣬ÿһִӺ§ʱСĶͻһ㣬һִ
ܶΣִڴ϶ºͨͨȴ޹ĵķʱɧ
Ϊⲻ̫û˵
ҹִŷʱʱȴܿƵ⣬֪һڴ˵ʱʶѣһ߹һܹݺܶķʱ᲻޽ŸִǸ˵ԲȻֱ֤˵㣬Ժɧ


45 
ֻҪԷʱ΢һ㣬һ̬ȣֻӴӱС
ִʱӦóԺܶѵʱֻȰԼҪƽϡ
ǰһҹ¹ѩڶǸ졣
ʱڴʱᱳʹ֪Լִ˼㣬ֻʱ򿴵Ѿʮ롣
ԱߵλѾˣڷʱִʢĳ̶ʵԶѰ
ʮ㣬ִصУʱѾƨſͷˢƵ
ִԷ
ʱڴӴȥϴ
Եһ룬ʱһҨȣһߴִɫԵִɨأִȿڣ¾˵
ǷʱʵҪ½һԷ㲻õ˷ݵĲˡʱֲ˵Ϊż٣ѧУ¥࣬ܶͬѧؼˣ½ûƱؼҪйڣԼһ˳Էܹµ
ִΪʲôԼһ˳ԷܹµԺģѧʱѧУʳóԷʱӹǰļӰӣǳԺԼֻѯһЩִмش⡣
ִ˵Լһ˿߸Ѹ٣ʳʱһЩȺһԷˣ֪ĳһΪһԱᱻЩһһռõٿȥֻ߼صͼݵʱ䡣
ִ䵽ʱϣʱͷ˯Ҳ֪Լһ¡
ֻзʱˣŻԼʲôҲãûа취ԼԷԼ˯ʲôҪִſ
ｫıĵѣСƹҲ룬ҪʱԷ
ִ˵֪ˣع˾粻ôţ㡣
ڶĵӣʱ½緹浽룬Ŵ⳵صС
ȷʵúãڶʱڣʱ㻹δȥбӳС·ߵĻѩϣĹ⡣
ѩڻһЩϸˮ·ʵʪģ·Ե治ʣƬҶιʱ򷢳ϸ΢ϸ΢졣
ʱըӳ⳵СţһƬҶ䵽Ľűߡ
ʱʱһOO@@Ķ
ʱתͷ˺һֻҲС๷ѾֲԭɫһֻΧƤëǱ˭һȭͷǸۣСϲһϴ۰ͰԼ
ʱͣסŲСҲͣסҡβ͡
ʱ۾۾ɫҲǳ±˵ĵӰ͵̾һȻԼըͳһȳת˼ȻҪι
԰ɡ
СȴչţǶҧסˡ
ʱǩϵ䵽ϣͷԣȻվǰߡ
ȴû뵽СʱתˣĻҲ˲ϳˣְȸ˷ʱ
ʱΪӲԣִըһιȴ֣ҲˣֻڷʱűתЬѷʱЬϰܶצӡ
ʱֹԹС㻹ͦʳ
ô˵ţִӷͳһըС㴮ӣóһ˱ǵˣʱٵݹȥС޶ԣֻǿͰ괭Ҳл
˫ɫϣʱܿܲˣʱԼûа취ٺӣҸеǳڸղιȳֻΪԼҪ
ˣҿ㣬ԼءʱȻӿ˽ŲԼС¥ߡ
Сȴǳ˹ۿҪԼС¥¥ˣʱּԱ߾۴Ļ̳ʯӣ˹ȥ߿
һ·ʱҲûö󾢣ȴû뵽СһʯԴϣǹôһ£﷢΢һءȻһᣬ·߻ѩϣǱʱһغˡ
ʱҪըϣҪŵòסˣʧɫǾ߹ʬսľǰȥ̽һıϢ
ʱûܰĻؼңɵСأһҧȥ˳ҽԺ
ȻǣڳҽԺ˷ʱһǧȫȫ׵ļ֣Сϳ˺ܶ飬һЩ˹Ƥ֮Ⲣûʲôˡ
ʱЩţһָԴϱԼҵطԳҽ˵ԼСʯͷҵŶ᲻ʲô⣿
ҽһۣĿ䵽ʱϸ첲ϣһһ۵Ļش˵˱ʯͷŶϵëûʲô⡣
Сʱ̺ڷʱԭ˿һϢŵۣͻȻֺرˡ
һ룬Сʱϲ˵һֻС
ִǶԴֶŴʱ롣
ʱʣµǮڳҽԺӻһգһЩƤҩһЩƷСŻؼˡ
ߵӣִƿţԡﴫķʱСе
Ҷţһ㣡
һ£Ͼͺã
ܱܣûа㴵ɡ
һֻʪĲ壬ûйؽԡܵ˿
վסʱӰϵ˯бţ˯°ʪһ룬ͷϻĭǱǳ
ԭɫķʱ׷ʱվڿشһ˪ִ̱ŵɲסŲ
ִŵ±ֻȳļʪӡѾѹסŭ⣺ʱڸʲô
ʱվϾʧı鲢ȱϴŵӵСö١
ִͻȻԭִû°࣬ȰС๷ʰɾʱִСɾֺÿܴ˵ûĵִͻһģͬڱĶһֻС
ҡڸСϴ衭ʱͷԷɣ˵
ִһҿˣ˵˭Ūһֻģ
ʱִۣƤǱѵĺƵģżȻһֱңʶҡ
ѿذŪõˮСֿվִȻһκܺõļ濪С๷Ѹִʲôӡ
ʱȣ˵رϷװҪʱ򻹻װĲһͷԼ򵥵С
˵ЩϻִԿضڹϣùʲôʱ߶߶ȻƵغֻ̰Ūȥ
ʱԤϵ˵ִһֻܲô˳Ҳû뵽ִᷴԵǿҡ
Ķ죬ϻʪţȥǵҪ𣿡
ִĿߣ̬ȺӲؼ˵ͰŪɣٶȥ
ʱŵִﾹȻķУʵΪʲôҲһֻС
ǵļҺСûжĵطһֻëҪй㣬ʱȥʱͻйڼʺô鷳Լչ˲ã˵Ҫһֻ
ҿչ˺
ʱִһûʲôãҲûʲôִѾ㹻ۣҪٺͷʱû
ɳϣʱЩݻЩʳ裬̲ס̧üģתͷʱŪɣȻЩ͸ױġ
ô֪ᱻʱеִԴ󣬺׾ٵľͶЩĶۡ
赭дҲںһС
ִ˵Ȼ˹;һҰûôһΪֵҪûеõ㣬۵ķʱ룬ֻзʱôԼҪͻ᲻֪ô
ִʱ򲻵òٴοסԼƽȴβסĮ˵ʱҲΪҵĳӲаģΪ㹻һֻﲢûչ˺Żȥлᱻĺڼﵽʱչ˲ô֪㲻ڰһõĳ·
ʱ˵α֤һúչ
ִĸЦһ㱣֤̫ˡ
ʱоﱻ裬վִֶͺ𣺡㣡
ִоѾֻܹ֪Ϲֵķʱһ᲻˵ԼںԼʲô֮Ļִ˱ۣʾʱġᡱԼˣʼ磬Էʱ˵㣬û
ʱŭѣ첽ߵǰСӵױȻһѴ򿪣˳ȥȻ顱һš
Сİţʼ
ķʱִŲֵᡣ
ִʤоʱͻ㷳Լû֪ޡ
ʱҭӯһˮ⣬Եúί۾ִ˵ǻ
޵óһſ޵ͨǶִΪǳĻ䣺һ£Ҳҡ
ִ֪ԼôʱİǣƢҲѹȥõһԼĴ»ôˣƾЩ¶˰ٴҲ㹻
ִ֪ʱڼǺԼĶ⣬Ҫȥ飬Щһһ룬£ԼȴͻȻԼˡ
ִͷΣҪСҵ鷳һΪʲô˹ҡڵ߽СһЩûֹ߻ֵĻİķġ
ʱ໡һɤվڿִ壬޵ϡﻩ
Ĺлûֹͣ¥ھʱʼܲסˣ¥º˭¥ûеİ˭Ĺܲù
ִĶĤܵ˺ײеŰеͷѡ
ӺС·Žִʶ̧ٵءܵᵹɳϿ޵ķʱűҡβ͡
ִоԼͷεĸˡ
ʱ䣬һˣȻѹͳȥ
ִ˵꣬ɳص鷿ع֮ǰֶԷʱܶӵ˵Լѿʰɾ
ʱִòû˵ֻǵһСֲ̧˲ԼᣬȻСӵϱ
죬ִʱ˯ǰԼ˵ΪСëɣһֻ޴ѹӢҪֽСݡ
ִ仰߼ϵηʱȡ֣ܵʱߣǺɨ˵˵ԼΪȡ֡
ʱȻصͺһٺִ˵
ȻֻСȴٳû
ִ²ΪֻòڳªԵʣ÷ʱѧʱ򣬽һȴ󱯵ķ
ĳһִ뿪ҵ֮ǰʱ˯´ߵݣצӶִҡΣɤ˵ְټ
ִеܲ˵һѽŹˡ
ջ
ȥʱѧڵѧУҲβ
Ϊٽأִ˾ӷæܶεŻ
ִֻżܿƵ¼ϣʱԷʱݣŹֲ׳Ե
ʱһ˳ԷҲ¶ˣִݴԼλø˷ʱܶЦݣԭִԼλþȻԱһֻСӦøе졣
ִͣżȻ͵ֻϵһЩйسʱϣĺصǹæִҲ¸еͻʱèܱһͲסįͶ˻׽ܵĶࡣ
ⲻִòΪʱѡҪǷʱηµйǰƣִŶǲܹҳڻ¸еɡ
֮ΪݵĵִΪ˱ѿŪһ㣬Ǵ˳õңʱԭ䣩Դһռһңλǳ
췽ʱΪִͻȻƣΪԸ¸еǳִǸжĿҪ޳
ⲢںܶԺٴʱ򣬷ʱʹִһʣķԸùסҲԸԼһ䣬˽
ȫȻԭԼãִǿͬԺ
ҹŵ㣬ִصС
ƿţﴫƵŵȼٿۣȻţ̣ۡȡ͡
ǷʱڱĩѧУҪÿѧҪһʦƷ
ʱڰϿƵʱݾĽűſ˯
ʱʱ̻ը졣
ִŷʱŤͷԼʱϻСĲ䵽ۣԼ˵ʲôҲû塣
뿪ƻѾܾãյ¿ƼԼ뿪Ҳûкֱܿ෴֧˵ʱԶԶִԤҪ־࣬յ᧿ΣϢִ֮һҵĻϼǿעʮʽӲֽյ·һѣӲһڻڹӲдٴܶꡣ
ʱִ̣𽥽ܣϺܶ飬ȫȻ־չŬٴپг޷ӵеĵ츳
ִŷʱϸϸ뿾ıӰִӲκãֶѰ氮֮Աǣһ֮ٶԻ˻ΪµѰֻ߿£ӸµĵĴǿ˲ĻѰ


46 
ʱڿ䷢һѵʱ󣬴򿪿ŵһ˱ǵĻζ
ں決ʵٿϣʱѾϰϣڹ򲻸ˡ
ʱһڸճ¯ͷȴЩȥʱܿ״ʱ򶼻Ǳı˼£ֻǺζǷǳ˵ġ
ʱףӿó϶ˡ
ʱһһССǸˣûطӵ̫˷ѡ
ǸСķִǰС
ʱѾһԼտˣԾζĵȻҸоãǷʱӡⲢִᰮߵĿζ
ִĿζƫòƾ޾ݣ֤ݾ֮ǰûЩʧܵıɣûһִȻѾԿˡ
ܻζЩѵʱǸСķŽһСݵִǰ޿κεʼ磺һֱĿζҿܾûа취ˡ
ִҲû˵ЩʲôûͷûԵĻԼǰſŵĻܽҧһСڣζȻȷʵʣʱ㿪ϣмĿܿĩɻء
ִĻԣֲ뽲һЩΥĲݵĿޣҡһίϯϸĪֹίܱص˵һ㣬á
ʱѾҧȥһ룬ﻹִĻص͵ĻõģѧУﵽʱṩģߵġ
ʱĩ죬ִԲʱܽţͷһ˯öе㲻̫á
ȵԽִȥʱ򣬿ѧſ߳Լ̽鲻ϳ󻹺ѵõ˸ʻλִɼĺܺá
׼ʱ
ʱؼҶȲŤӰѱѵͳһϷװõ˵εðʮ֣Ǽ񣬵õһ
ִ鷢һЩ΢ı仯뵽ʱĻں£ԵʵĻԷʱ˵ϲ
ʱʱ˵ıͬѧˣһ͸㡣
ִͷʱһ˫ɫƯè۶ԼһװõķۻС
ĩһԤʾŷʱǵĺټ
ںʽʼִʱȥǼ˽ѯģҽָµҩһЩҩ
ʱڻָļҪҩҲһֻ룬ִ㷽ʱ׼
ʱѧȻûͬȥ˶ܼĵطڴСѧУϤĳж磬Ƴڲͱͬѧľ棬Ҳνһ
ִ֪ʱ츳δʱѧУĺ決ŵĻ룬һֻϣҪĩ
ⲻִʱȻĳɼҪֻ֪ɫķʱܱզզʵһǳԱ࣬Ϊ༶ĵ׿ܻΪͬѧĿʦ뱯ˣкܲӰġ
һϸ̵ִ϶ԷʱſҪ֪ʱһܶûа취һ࣬˺ܶಽϣʱԺܱϡϸ񡱵¡
Ϊо׵ľӢٲҪк·ߵʯӣ϶Ұ䣬޺Ѿá
ٿʼ½Ϊ˶ûʼ٣Լһսļְ׼㻨Ǯĸͽ
ʱڷżٵִ룬Ҫ½档
ִʵʶǿˣƽʱûʲôѣҲΪҪѣбµĶⳡˡ
ִ뵽ʱǺģԼڼҵʱ򣬷ʱǺܿհ׺µģһºܾܿͻ˼룬
ڷʱĿڴʱִû˵ȷͬ⣬ֻ˵ǵңҵ鷿ǲС
ʱ룬鷿ʲôѵ½ϲѧȥ鷿͵
ܶζִСۣϻһǧлӡ
½ʱ棬ʱϷֵ
ů㣬ݵķͶӰϷڴĻϴľͷʱϷؿʱϷͣȻ½һŶϻȳ˺˵ЪЪɣҸӰô
½ûʲôػش𣺡ð
ʱƼһָߵϲӰźӵ̺ߵԱߴ򿪱䣬óƿˮ
ʱص䣬ݸ½һƿȻҪ¡
½ӹʱˮ˵лʱŵͻȻһĿⲻСӹʱڡ
½һЩۼгƬ糺졣
𽥱ãͲ⣬½ʱĻûü룬Ѿָ̧֣˷ʱǣ½ʣôһӡ
ʱЦˣġͻͻͻؿʼų̶Զ֮ǰһɻʱɻɣͱϰΧ׷½һ졣
ʱĴһƬհף½һ˲ȫʧȥ˼޷Ӧһô˵ôͣλԴڲϵԼҧ˵ҧֻӡ½᲻ῴ˱ĺۼ
½ʱ񾭴ҲʲôҲǿСƬĳˣڿʱǱ״һı˲ʶʲôһʱĳ̶ȺͷʱѾ£½ͰҡҲǣû뵽Ҹղûѿڶˣ˼ֻû뵽֮ǰ˵ȻģΪ洵ţء
ʱʱһᣬһҧ˵ǣǣʵѽҸʵҸ硣
ʲô½⻰Ƶеˡ
ʱʱһڿˮȻϣԼеһ˵ҾǺѾˣǺϷޣҿɲǣɲҸϵµˡ
½ʱ򲻿ŵۣǰĵӰŵʱ̣Ҳȫֺˣ½˵ʲôôСѾˣ
ΪǼۣϻûгѧУΪԼѧ½ֿʱԼСǳԾ
ʵѾСˡʱɵЦһ£ɫȴǰ׵ġ
Ӱ谵½ɫֻЩȻҲԾֲֹãҾ˵ﲻԣϴγԷҾ;֮ΧŹ֡
û뵽㾹ȻסһѧڲŸ˵ǲֵˡ½ø첲˷ʱļһ£ֲǲˣǵģˣΪʲô飿
½ҪһգΪоʱеŵǹڣʾһ֮Ĺ¡
ʱ۾̵Ľëһ£ػش˵ҾʹӦˡ
ʲôʹӦˣ
½ͻȻϷŽʱʱʱִᣬȻѧУ״⣬㲵ɫкһڵĲźõ֡
ʱ½ΪִǷʱ磬Ǵ˷ʱ֣ΪǸѵܵҲ⣬ʱϸϸĥ¾ζȫһˡ
½ŷʱĿ𽥱øһЩʣϲ𣿡
ʱƺǱһİֵ⣬ǵ˵ͷҡҡͷ̾˿˵֪
ⲻҪ
½ܿ˵ô᲻Ҫأǻ£ԼϲһһǸǶôʹడ
½һδµк鰮ϵĴ룬˽ⷽʱˣǴĻɳΪҪаԣڷʱһжǺ޹ؽҪġ
ʱֲڵĸоˣ½ͨӦûȴʼദĸ֣صɡ
ִĿʼʼĹϵһ޹ص飬
ִǰÿһǺȥϸϸģʶÿһߵöܲ
ðɣϰ˾ͺˡһʼӦִ˾Ӧˣ֮ǰսʱҲִѵܲңǺȡѵҲٰѵ
㲻𣿡
㲻Ҳ̫áʱҲֻܸһģĴ𰸡
ΪʲôҪһ𣿡
ӰʱѾŵŮ֣ӫĻͻȻʱҲ˺ڰС
վִʱĬ˺ܾãش½ǽҵġ


47 
ִ֪Լôݵķſ뿪ģϢػص鷿Ȼ˵ԣʷǰĵЧһݱʮӾͿɵĹܡ
ʱ½ڷ￴ӰڶִѾؼº޲
½ʱѾҪȥְʱ㣬뿪Ǽҡ
ʱһ˰ͶӰպãݵķ仹ݣ뿪ǰ˳ְʳһ׹
һУʱֵɳˢ˶ʮӵĶƵʱִ΢ҳȻʡʲôʱѽ
ꡱһšִ鷿߳
ʱʱִ֪Ѿˡ
糣
¶ʮգǰһҹһѩֱͣСĻ̳Լ涼ѩǣϽ˪½ʮȡ
ߵ룬ݿʼԴţȻ󷢳ǳ˵ĺߺ졣
ִŷʱ˯˶ݳѣһΣݼٵһִ겻ѡ
һֻǳĹԸڼʺҪйһʼʱʱ²޹Σ˾ȫȨִִϰǰ淽ʱ޹
ݼˣִӣҪڴµ¶Ҫůıѡ
ݺӣִܲˣӱɫԻҲ˯۵ķʱܲƣʱȥˣ
ʱʱһ壬Ҳ۾ûȫһᣬִѽʲô취ȥ

Һȥɡ
֮ǰǲǺ˵˾ͲҪ
ִָĻʱϣɤ˵㣬Ϲңæɡ
ִʱãһȫڱȥԴҲס޿κΣӴһ·ִףݴȦǣŹ¥ˡ
ΪٽأֵϺܶ͵꣬ѾˣŻȥꡣ
ʮȵСĽֵϣЩڲѩ
ִһ߲ͷ޹һһһڿŵ͵ꡣ
ִͬݼѩ˷ܣкüЩȦִúǳо˻ִֻԷʱʱŻкܶǳģҪĻҪ
ڽϣִҲͶСߡ
翴ִȻǣһС޵ʱЩΪԼۡ
ִһڱҪʱȫЦݵˣѾڹ˾Ӵִ֪һȫǫѷºȫ޹صˡ
ִڹ˾ﲢԼѻ飬ܵ˵ִԼɾ䵽ĳ̶ֳ˵ǳ·ڹΧڴֻ󻯵ľֶΣô˿̵ڿִһַǳĲˬǣһֻƷֵĴڴСʱ򣬸еǳܾڿһĻʱԺִѯֻСƬСʲôֵ
ֱ˶ߵԼǰŲòȷϣȷʵǴܡ
աܣİһ£ִк
ִŲһ٣ͣߵԼǰˣϳǹ˾֮ǰ¿ȵŮʵϰ硣
ʵϰתִܹǵˡ
ִ˵ͷšһ
ʱİԵüΪҪˣִۼֿһקǣŵ
Ŀ䵽ϣִִĶɵؿڣܣ㲻סɡ
СȻλԽвʲôߵС̻С˵еȣݻҲ󣬾ƽͨƷ¥
ִ˵ǰôˣһۣҲסС
˰֣ǣҰģסЦشȤнôסﰡ
빫˾Զִƽ
˵빫˾ǲԶķӻͶ󰡣Ϊסƽ߶أܡ
ִϵȴΪ⣬˵סٴķҲٶţԵҲûʲô洦
ͬʱִ𴲺󣬱Ūѵķʱ֮ȴôҲ˯ˣڴϷȥʮӣΪů¶̫ߣеڸˣԼһˮصվڴŴѩֻˢһ΢
ʱԶԶִǣͻˣֻ̧ꡱһգֻ̨΢ҳ桰ƬtagѾá
һ˲䣬涨񣬷ʱ𾪵ؿֻϣһһŮѩ̸˵ЦŮЦ续Ҳ䣬ëȹִ鿴壬ܿڲԷ˵ݸǲҪһİŮ˽ˡ
ʱƬ룬һ̣ţһŭֱŶֻһˤͳš
ճңߵǰʱʲôƵģ۷굽˴£ͳԼıС
̫ˣǾ
ţС·ټִò˵꣬Ҳ̧ҪߣʱһӰӣһԪ˳ѩˤһµӲһɤûܿӵڳķˡ
ʱִܵߣȻرԹһôôڼþŶ
޹һ·ðźû䣬ִеһսתͷﲻ֪ĸ񾭵ķʱֻֿǴһ˯¾¥˵ӣʣʲô㴩Щ¥㲻𣡣
Ҳ䣬ڻȡ
ʱվñֱͦظʾԼ䣬Ǻɪɪǿưһ񣺡޹
ִһղΪʲôԸֿʼˣ
ҸղŲޣˡʱִ֡
ִʱ򿴵绹ڵȴԼʲô˵棬ִ̫ʧ̬ҪϽʱ¥
ףִоʱ֣ûʲôҪɿݵǣ£ʱֻԼ׸Լš
ִͷһüһλһŴʯ
ϰ˵̫࣬ˣǸ졣
ʱϵ̫£˸ҫ۵Ĺâ̵ִͷۻ̵˫ð⡣
ʱ򼤶촽Ӷˣû뵽˾ﲻ鿴䵭Գ˹֮κ鶼ȤִԽûѣһǸһͿСкӽĻ顣
λ
ִǿ˵ܵܲ¡
䣬վԱߵķʱͻȻ׻εһ£ִһ硫ԭضһ½š
ʱֶ꣬ǻõ˵ɲҪڹ˾˵
һоԼʲôһӲҪݴžèһԼգwinkһ̲ס̧סؿڣһдʡĵˡĵˡ
Ȼִͷʱ̧֣һơ
һһ֪ܣ¶һöı飬ǻ֡
ִվ￴һ·Сܣȹܿ콻ûܵԪ¥Ѿͳֻ鿺ܣ֪ں˭
صִڳȶ嵰ʱڲϵŵķʱϵش硣
ִؽʢͼ嵰ĵǰһţԼ˵ǲǻã
ִʱĶҲûգһðŵԱߡ
ʱʱ򲻷ؿһִۣѾٲȻ͵޵ɫ£òϢģֱͦ˵
Ϊ㡭Ůˡ˵Цؼҡ
ִûֹʲô־Լʵûʲô͵ıҪһʼ޹㲻Ը𴲣ֿҸͬ´кҲҪ֣ˣ㲻㴩˯һȥԼʲôӣ㲻֪ǲǣ
ʱûл죬忪ʼоԵΪǸðҩá
û뵽ҹʱգִҹȥҩιȥëԴ˼Сʱʱղ¡
¶ʮ磬˯һҹԸ˯һķʱоԼѾȬָϣִܴԼȥԡ
ִΪչʳȥһҿζƫ嵭Ĳ͹ݣʱԵúܲˣȥ·ϻ˵سš
ִһףɫ糣ؿһʮĺ̵·ڣִͣʱ̲סһ̣һȴûŻʱǰһѣִһ̧ۣһ
ʱһֻϸ׵ִӺϵĴشŻŵϡ
ִתͷʱ˾ԼμһֻƹһֻһֻСһκ󱳡
ִһ̣ζɢ
ǷʱǺһ
ʵִûв֮󣬷ʱһֱͲôã֮ǰĹԼʱԼԼȥ԰ɢ촩¶Сȸִڶ컹ǽ
ִƺҪ̣ʱͻȻ˵ûϵʵҶζȽУ򿪴ͺˡ
ִǰֻ̣ѹʱ飬Ҳ
𣿡ִʡ
ʱͷΪȻϰˣʵҽ֮ǰҲܴ󡣡
£̵ִһ٣һ룬ִ̰𣬶˳ϵһֽ¨


48 
ʼתķ
ʫãʱҲʲô׷ʣˣ֮ǰǴӦ˵һȥ𣿡
ִԴ˺ӡ󣬸ǵйôһ£ʲôʱ˵
ʱʱæѣ֮ǰ˵ѽ˵ȥĹ԰üΣ˵æ
ִ˵ӴӦػأп˵ɡ
ķܼǲεģʱеˣ֮ǰҲô˵ģѵûп𣿡
ִأûա
ڲ𣿡
ӼҰ칫㶮
ѾͣС³⣬ʱִƨɺ治ģʲôô֮ǰ˵˵ѽ
һ˽ݣִǸ᷽ʱûȷӦ㣬Ҳû˵á
˻صִʱΧ⣬Լ˵ˣ
ִͨ죬֪ȵĻ߹ȥҪĽŲҲͣˣõ˵֪˭ںˣ
ԶûգԶæʱִȫûвûִĮβ̬ʵͲ뵽һȥҽɣ
ⲻʱƻУȥ˼ʮ⳥ĹصĹ԰￴ʫúæûʱȥʲôͬһⲻ⣬ִȥ
أִûһ̾óʫгֵƵߣдڸУҲΪڷʱʫӦñԼҪִҪΪ˳ʫ̬Ⱥҽ
ʱоִһѪò࣬һ˫۾ŵִҽ㣡
ʲô㣿ִ˿ҲԸΣͣΪܷԣô
ұʲôˣ
֮ǰʲôԼ
⻰νˣʱ񱻸մһȭԭźûüѽůȵͨһȥѪɫִ֪ԼʵִһֱǺܲĴڣǷʱΪڱãܶα֤ȥܶģܶζԲǰЩĹȥ
ִ˵ҲԾˣΪʱҲһûʲôģǰҲ˵صĻŷʱΪԼܾȥʫöúɫִͷǹɶĻʢ֪ʱ޴ĴﵽЩʲôѵ֪ڵ˭ʳĸ˭ӦֺõΪһǰɺ£ȥ˻һĳʫԼܣֱǲ
ҳ־㣬Ϊ³õȥ𣿡
ִ˿̵ıĮǴĵ׿ǽܣʱ֪Լʲôס᲻õ˫ִ࣬߬ȭͷָⶼףһͷŭ˵Сһִͺ𣺡Ǹ
ִƺ÷߷߲ƽķʱĻܺЦ̬ȺܲΪ̯һ֣ô˵ʲô𣿡
Ҫб£ҪȥԼȥִЦһٸʱԼǰĻᣬӿ뿪鷿
ִԱʱ鷿صԵʱ򣬿ʱԿ޹һ˯˴βλá
Ըٺִ˯һͷⱳִ
ִûȥŲԼԭȵλ˯á
ɵս֪ڳͷ˭ִ뱧ǷʱԼһֱҪ˯
ִΪԼΪûǸ֮ǰͷʱ˵ԲҲΪȷʵдһǿϵˣִϲΪԼ˵ʲôʫòֵüͻʱҪҪ¿ʼӦú͹ȥ߰Щ䣬Щ˺³׸
ִ룬ʫöԷʱôܺԼᲢۣǲⷽʱԳʫõĳݺάһ·Ůˣǳˣôѧã
ȻǾñִĽҲʱʳҺͳʫ˭Ҫ⣬ִĺ⣬һʳҺͳʫͬʱˮȾ˭һ
ִܴѾӽʱ̬õȷĴ𰸡
ڶһ磬ִ𴲣޹صԼ鷿
ûоһ£ճһ̫СܿͻȥϾʱҲûҪȥ͹סһݡ
ʱ˲ȴ˵һİˡ
սڼ
ִԸڼ˷ʱ䣬ѡع˾ֵͬ·ֵһЩ뿪Сʱ򣬽е͸ҵ
ִḶ̌Ϊ彡롣
ڹ˾㣬ִزVIPͲͷϲϵƷ⣬ŷʱʱһᱻʶ̧ٵضԼʾãһЩ˷ʱȡֵΪ
ʮִ֣صźּһƬڣʱѾʼԣִ̧򿪵ƣƹȻյĿ
һ˲̧ңҵŴ󳨣Ҳǿһˡ
ִ߻ȥңΪ˻ʼذš
ִߵûйؽ¹ǰַʱĻϴ
תͷȥԭƮ̨ϵģʱĺɫСҲʧˡ
¶ʮţʱһкҳˡ


49 
ʱ뿪ִܾȥƻеĵڶ죬̤Ͽʫõ;
һȷʵܾûлȥʫͷһҲǱִĻ˵ͼŭ
ͼִ֤Լǡб¡սĵڶ죬ֻй˸Ʊ
Ѿ¶ʮţʱĳƱҲܲƻеĸжˣʱ򲹵磬˵һƱ
Ӽ뿪ǰʱ֤ãԼĻϴֻþƵ꣬߳յļ֮ǰʱһۣĬذŹˡ
ִûлݵúںͷʱҪ䱩ʱʱʱ뷱æ״̬
ִʵǺٶӣֻ߶ԳʫʲôֱԲĹ衣ǷʱʱѾͬʹڴǰóɫִദ̫ãʱִǰʫʱ̬ϵĮϵķܣʵ÷ʱԼִܹԳʫõĲϲ
ϵĶִܹδ̫٣ʱиǸոպͿ𣬷Ǻͷʱǣֳִ̬ȱ㶼̫Ѻãǰ½ӣʫҲֻǱķʱǣ
ʱ򳵵Ĺ̻˳ϾѧʱѾԴܶγ
վ󣬷ʱܼȺ棬ѾʼоһЩţҲЩеʣ֪Ϊ̫̫ƻΣʱЩҸое͸
ʱŶӹ˰죬ӰùԼ̧ͷվȫˣһЩվͺ¡¡廮Хʱһʱ޷ֱ浽Լֳ˻ʵֻ̧ͷʱоͷϺˮ۾գ۾ǰȴʲôҲ塣
ʱڿڴ߬Լ֤Ϊ̫߬ӡ
ͻȻһͦ޳ϤıӰ뷽ʱͫףʱܵǰһ̧һ֣ҪȥǣסֻŵСУִ硭
ȴͷҲûصˣһ룬ʱһ˲֪Լϴˣִǲܳġ
ʱζһԴҪԼ侲һȻϢȴδˣҵͷ
ǰɿ콻һӰӣİ˵Ӱģʱеһתؿھе־岢ԴϢ
ÿע⣬һһʮгʼƱˣ뵽12A12BƱڼƱվгͣڡ
ʱʼǰ·ײײ
죬ʼƱˡ
ʱİײһ£Ϊ屾ûվȣˤڵϡ
Ǹ˼Ǹϸ
񾭲ú·ﵲ·
˷ǺɫĳˮҪû
ͻȻ£ʱȻһҪеĿֻ
ʱڵϱԴԼ﷢һٱļУҲпûС
ʱļƬٴλָʶʱѾȫ
ڸվһϢԱһλŹĸվĹԱϸغԼ˵ãõ˵𡭡
ִڷʱҳ²ӦøеֵĻź̫Ե
ϾʱȻ˰굫ʵеʶǳޣÿڼѧУһߣΨһҲִȥһٷʱ䶼ϣҹɫʱҲ·ߡ
ִΪزķʱʲôȥʱҲһλˣҪģȡֺɵķҳߵϷ룬ִҲøĿ⣬ʹʱΪɴ˵õʲôִѰңЭߵǸʲôġ
ϰ˵룬ִվڼ̨ɫҹɫһֻϵǸС㣬ʱӸվ뿪ڼҸĹ԰ȦСͣСĳһѾʮӣȴǳٳٲԸҡ
ִϰԵҪȥ̣Ȼ첻ǽ̵ĵڶֹסָȻĦһ£ִֻĻϵǸСϡ
ĲʳѾ͸ִվ̨紵ʱϵĺʢ
˵ʮִ̨֣뿪ߵͰջûõ¥
ִ¥֣ʱλòСıϾؾ·ϣֻϵĶλֻܾȷ̶ֳȣִܴĲ
ҵʱʱһԪС¥Ԫһ̳ϡ
ִʱԴϴһ׻ɫ֯ñϴźףΧڲϲȦڱĻ̳ţһǴԿ׻زȥҵѧС
ƺΪ˽Ųʱ̧ͷʱ˫ֲ嶵żȻй䵽ִײϡ
ִɨʱ£һֻˡ
ʱִ̧ʱɫܲã׵÷ֲ࣬İף֪ǲⶬҹﴵ紵̫Եʡ
ͣãִ̧ŲǰһⲢʾִֻⳡսܣϾʱʱԼе鷳ĻִִѾܹչķʱΪʱÿԺĵʱ򶼻һִᡣ
Ҳˣʱ˿̵ģҲִֵܿʱ򣬺ֵܿµͷ­Ҳڸе߳ܣ㷲ģҲһֻ;ĸ򣬺ȴִҲȴ˺ܾˡ
ִߵǰͣʱڵͷ
ִʱֲòϣģ㲴ķʱԭеʮջּһ˿޵ģغܲݵá
ǲµķʱ壬뿪ԼʲôҲõһʵ
İĳнܼȺһȻļʱִִߡ
ʱûִ飬ﶼȥˡ
ˣ˵ִʹʱܴʧܵķʱһֺƽ˵
ĸ˵꣬ղֻǻҰһСķʱͻȻ͵
״ε˵ҽ졭һˡ棬Һܺ¡
ִ̧ȵᣬͷͻأһƣĲʹƽֲһЩĪı仯׽ֶԷʱ𣺡ʱɻȥСУһԲһкһʧ٣𣿡
ֻҪȥ
ִۻȻִԲӣ󲻽ʣȥȥ
ǺڶԷʱȷĴ𰸣˵ļҡ
ʱֲ̧һᣬִ˵Բ𡭡
ִ֪ʱʱܲĶԡóʫñִҪ¸еǸͺڣֻΪûͲ뱻ִѵŽԲ
ʱִٺͷʱƽˣϾʱڿ޿ӿҲĺܿҲᵽҳߣ뿪ִôһСĺǶô¡
ִ˵߰ɣؼҡ
˵̧꣬ȴûʱĽŲ
Ѿʱûгͣ˶Ѿ͸ˣִ뵽ǸϵƷ⣬뵽ðѵǰŽ˱䣬ȻʱҲѾڻ
׻Ҫֵʲôʱ򣿡֪ʱҪīʲôʱѾ˾ŵ㣬оӹǺԼвԸķʱյĸֱִΪʱԴʫѲǺΪѵĿݣòͷò죬쿪ȥ
ڣԻؼ𣿡
ʱվڻ̳ԱߣϥҲһվŲһֺί˵߲ˣҽźʹ
ִתͷһ鷳ֺȫĶ
ִ߻صʱǰŷʱˡ
ʱִıסһʱ䲻֪ԼӦʲô
ִߴ㡣
ʱʱſִıϣϸݵĸ첲§סĲӡ
ִŷʱ߽һԪ˵ݣȵݴﵽ߽ȥʱָϽһˣǷ޹̡
ִﲻ֪ǻΣҲûаѷʱ¡
ִ̿ŷʱʱСվڵݽ䣬һԲ
ǲֵ֪ܲ˱ŤΣΧŹ֣̱չȥȤ˵ôˣǳˣ
ЦǺǹȥſִϵķʱϣôܻܵˡ
ʱʱһϽŲִһͷ̳ЦĿ⡣
ִҲԵغһһԵĻػĶ
ջ쳤ĲӣĳһȰִģҪõܵѽ
Ѿﵽʮ¥ִĬãͻȻ˵Ѿˡ


50 
ſڣʱִϷ
ʱִݣů¶ȴøߣȷʵ̫õˣоͷﶼ͸ˣ˺һŸоԼָ֫¶ȣԼñΧժ
ִķ¼ȡ
Ӳ˲˵ļ϶ʱɳԼΧס
ʮӺִʱԷ
ʱϽȥǰãִȥһ˿޵ȡŵϡ
صů紺ļʱղŶ׵ʱҲָЩѪɫʱ򿴵ϾȻе⣬۾ճڵϣҲ쳤ˡ
ִһۣȻǳȻؽŲԼλǰԤʱƲסԼ͵ԡ
극ٳԡ
ִ÷ʱ̫磬մӱóĵʱʺϱʱˣֻƻУζ÷ǳʡ
ʱʱִֿһЩϤĲƷǸִǰĵ⣬΢תһȦͬѰʢĲʳ
졭գ
ִƳһۣʱɫֹŹ֣֪ʲôȻִݳ̨˺ܴ⡣
ǣҴաִûٷϻӼвˣֿһۣƽѣٲԲҪˡ
ŶʱͷʼԷȷȥ룬ִȻԼ˵Ų˷ʱǰʱϷĺ죬ֺͷʱ˵Բ¾ͲҪӲԡ
ʱ˵˶ӡ˵ҲִˣӿʼԵ⡣
ִʰɾջͿѾˣʱӰ̧ȥŷѾֳŵᵹɳϣ¶һСذ׶Ƥ
ִһشĿİף׻һЩʱ˵Ļ棬ʱĴĶƤָǺĺůģǼխģʱִ׾סˡ
ҹִѷʱ·ʱڴ⿪ԼĿӡ
ִӦЭԼȥ㣬ʱҪҲʾ
Ҫʼʱûиִ˵ҪŪֻ̫˵̫ϲҪǺ𴲡
ִʱ򿴵ɫĴѵùһķʱĵӦ
Ǻܿ죬ִƸʱʱʱƨʹҪ󻻸ơ
ִʱ壬ƨɵ˲Сһ
ִշʱԼ͹˾ͬżˤһӡ
ȻʱԼǰĪĴ£ǵСķʱΪͥҲѵãӦñЦ
ִʱϡ
ڶһ磬ʱΪ£ֱȽϼ˾ñִҪ硣
ִ۵ʱʱһ˫Լִ磬ҽ㲻ˣǼ
ʱΪȥʫòҪӾͿԼڶ첻
ִʱ뵽Ȼ̫÷ʱϢ̫硣
ϰ˵㣬ִطʱ׼ʱ
ִʻλʱﶵûͣߵǰ
ʱųͳִ۾һ˲ʱŲһ٣Ȼ˸ʻš
·ϷԺҽһġڸʻλϸԼĳȫʱʱڵغִ˵
ȻճִĶֵĶƵʱʱʱɵЦһСʱִԱѾûִĿɨȥʱѾ˯
ִûнûʲôĿбӿ˰ӣֽ̧յ¶ϵȡ
ʱ䵽磬ʱִ㰲ȫƻУʱ¸ǰ̫ãЩͷ͡
ȥԷȥĹ԰
ʱ˵ûθڣȥĹ԰ɡ
ִʱ飬ûа취жϳûθڣǵ˼УҪȥʫá
˶ѾִִԷȥĹ԰µȺ⣬㿪ʱǰԼĶλ浼ʻĹ԰
ӣʮ䣬ƻи࣬䣬ִվĹ԰̨ϣʱߵڶŵĵĹˣԼѵ
㣬ˡ
ûң
ʱͳֽ˲ʫĹϵƬƬϵŮ˼ʹǺڰ׵ҲȻܹǰǶôʶˡ
ʱƬǺ볶һЦǸһۿһȡ
ʱ𱻳ʫýӵׯ԰ʱǸʱɵķӣųʫô·Ǹѧɵȸһֱ۴¥ܵ¥£С˵Ҳ̫Ҹ
ׯ԰¥Ͼʫúͽô齫ʱſſֳʫõλûúܾá
޶۵ķʱֻһ츳ʫý̸飬úܾҲûѧᡣ
ʱʶִʱΪᣬܴĵڿƤɳ§ųʫõн㡣
ʫʱ򽲵ĻڷʱѾģˣģͷʱĵģģϸģȻʱǵú
̫˶Էʱչ¶⣬ķʱֻܱѵ⣬ͳͷֻгʫã۷ʱʲô£ʹãʫҲֻúε˵ʱ
ʱڳʫ겻ɣã㣬ǲᱻͷģʫôΪЩ¶
ˣóԵġ
УԼĿ㳢ɡ
ִԶԶʱóһƷ󿴵ǸװõС
Ĺ԰߳󣬷ʱϲûᣬִԱıͷʧǵʻأҲûóֻ棬߸ִҪʲô
ʮϻӪҵĵ֮٣οʱѾ롣
ͣһҿྻĲ͹ݣִҵλͣãŷʱ͹
ִڲ˵Ϲ˼ֽ˵ʱʱʱʰ飬õĳͷˣں֪θյ
ʱһСź۳Ϻʡ
ʳأ
ʱ˵ɡ
ٶȺܿ죬ʱÿӼвˣԵһ룬ִûôԣʵϳţһ·϶ûôԼ˵ִ鲻ãǷʱںִܹãҲڳͷѧῴִɫǵԷѾǱá
ôˣ㲻ϲ𣿡
ִں͹ݷԱԱ߹ûʲô˵˵ζһ㡣
ʱʱ̧ۿִ׷ûôʣҲó𣿡
׷Ӳ
ʱʱܴؽԼ˹ȥִʳҵɣҵ
û뵽ִӹһ˵ϸ
Ե󣬷·ÿһ˶һ㡣
ʣ˺öˣʱִȥʱ͵͵Ա
ִ꣬һһ붼ƻжʱ˵ûбǾͻȥˡ
ʹͣϣȵҲӦҹˡ
ʱû顣
ʱ·ϲʱԱָ˾ſڳϿƻϤĳн
ʻʮӺ󣬷ʱһ¥Ͼ޴logoһ㱡
ʱתͷһֱĬſִ
ʱдϵˣ׾ʹ޴УйЩõĲľͻɢһЩʱûмִҲûмִӣ޼᲻ݣκ϶ࡣ
ʱʮȥʫãѾԼˣǱϳŵִ·ŵʱȴҶ࿴һۡ
˭ʱžأ
ʱûа취
ִļǲǺִһѪпᣬŻΪǸͬĸϳš
֮ǰִܴܿԼƻҲ´顣
żȻĵִ;ķʱƽȵĿ
һ룬ʱͣһ̵·ʱִָ̧ĹǽڷĴϡ
ִĿһۣʱһ£ƺһڿˮִ˵ûϵҺԲ
ִһ˲ܿӷʱԽźͼɫʲôһתӺӾ￴˸¥ƻҵעĿһ¥ӡյ¡
ȥʱŴ۽Լִܵġ
֪ΪΣִѹֵ飬ڷʱеġԲغ⡣
ÿʮ죬ִԸݴȵòóԼķʱ죬Ը˾÷ʱ͹ڼĳһ죬ǰʫã꣬ʱòҪѡʮһ죬кƻоٶ๫ִ㳵˵··϶³ǻӰǹԲ
ʮӣʱִӵ³һǳһŵزµúһѩϣȳеһӡ
ҹʮ㣬극ڴϽǣûĴ̻شűڵ졣
ʱԵĴϢʱҲϣִԼһ㡣
ʱ̣ճദƽһҹ
ִͷʱɵСλͥ޶
Ҳĳ˲䣬ҲܿǴమһʶ˵ûİңԶ
һ磬ʱֻѣʱִѾߡ
ʱͷԼֻʱ򣬷ֱʲôѵóһһС
ʱ˯˲ȴóд򿪺֮ǰԼִһԸһ
ǿǵһ
ʱȲ󣬳ŴӴȥ鷿˸գתܵڳ½ӵִ
ʱһ˫۾ϲΪĸл§ִĲϡౡһһڡ
Ƿʱִĵһꡣ
ִ֪ʱֻܿĻҲԸ⸧סɿݵҶһʱܶᣬлִܶòҲ㱻
ʱȻȡϲܶ۲ƷִҲܾһŲӦ


51 

±ҵʱҲڽԼѧġ
ԼߵĵƷջһʻվԼƷԱߣӰƬһš
ҵҲζŸ
½ҲҪеصԼļ硣
Ϣڷʱ˵ڷֱǰľ۲ϣʱأ½ɿҲۿʪŵ˵Ժ᳣ʱʱͷǿƿơƣҹڴСͰ²ֹ
ʱڶһ·½͵վó˾ִ½뿪ҲһⳡϷҪĻ
Ȼ½뿪һڲʱֽӵ½Լտ롣
տ̯ǰִٵСϵķʱ㶿ţĿ˺ҧ½ôôֻˣô
½ʹҧĶֹһơȥȻһĨ죺ˣҾ͸ջؼҴһڣܲˣ˵ѧĶЩʲôһһ죬ָһҲˣһˣ˵ûء֮˵ڻܸɣֲҽӰأȳ꣬Ǹô˵ţ֮
½˵һȥأбȽϤҾֻˡ
ʱµѾղأƬ̣뵽ϸʪۿӣ˴˶мΡ
½ˣʱǴĵе˵ģסİ
˱סģҺùⷿʱ򿴿ϰ࣬Ҹһġ
½ʱ򿴵ʱ滹ʣºö༸ûԣɴߴô԰һˣóˡ
ʱԣѾͨСǰһƣҰҳԲôġ
½ѾԼĳԵûʣ¸ˣʱʱĻֳһ˫һԿӣȻѷʱӰ͸ƲˣŷŻǰ
ܳ˰ɣү
ʱŽӹ룬̳
½֮ʱû濪ļգ½ѾĵһƷְˣһæµҲûʲôʱҷʱϷ̯ˡ
ʱָֻ׳ճÿֿʼ˯˳ԣԱ棬˯ÿյĻûݵĴ
ֺӳһʱִĳմ鷿ʱеøԼϵݴ˵ݣôȣܲܲҪҽ˯
ִĿ䵽ֻһֻȦСϣС׹ϾôһڣԳɸ¶ڶ֥ԲƵڷʱĽϡ
ʱҪСͷʱһİǣÿĹ򵥵˶ִȴƫճֻû²Żѱϲķʱһ㡣
ʱʱ򿴵ִӰæֻ£Ȼóӣֵúæµһë
ⲢιȥʲôվǻִúѾܾõ׼ʲôʱȥϰࣿ
ҸձҵѵܶϢϢ𣿡
ִ˵ѾϢһˣûϢ𣿡
ʱ֮ǰٶ¡
ִ˵ͷûзʱ˼ʾʱԲͬʱί֪ͨ¸²ٸתѵϢ
ʱëӡžડһ
޿κεأʱڴϿʼƸϢ
ʱʱѾõƺͻָҩѾ٣ÿܵѯȴǱرĿĩִҽԺֵ㿪ʱλϢȻ󵼺ȥԡ
ʱѧУĳɼйоأ㲻ϳˣֻ֮ǰҲ㹻ųóЪһʱҲм衣
ʱְ֮ò˳ʱ£ڵõһݹжһƷѧͽ
ʵϰ£ʵϰÿ¹ǧȫڶ٣ǧʱûͷһɳŵִϣţһѽ
ִĿбӵϷŵĵĻָڱʼǱẓֽ̧̇ΪԼԴڵסĻķʱƿ֪ˣĲһᲹ㡣
ʱʱλʮԶ㻹Ҫһ綯
ִû뵽ʱҪȥԶĵطϰ࣬ʱͣͷĹתͷʱ綯𣿡
ʱʼʾһг͵綯ûʲô𡣡
ĩ½ͷʱСһС綯
Դϴһͷڵ綯ϵķʱŲϷֵܣСѽ½˵ʵһû綯Ӧúгûʲô𣬶ҿŵ㣬ʹȥ硣
½˷ʱһۣ׼Ȼš֣оټ١
ʱʾⶼð£½һܱ׼OKƣȻһֻأ̤ϵ綯һš
һ룬һĽ쳹С½Ŀɿڴؿŷʱӵ綯˫ȴǱˮճڳɲһԼһ߾ּУһ߿׷ʧصĵ綯Ȧֱ㶳ԼϮ
½ӭײڵأΪײˣʱɿڰϵ֣˷һʹУһ
綯ھһԶĵطӻڹ๾ת
Ӻ
ҪԼˣⶼ⳥ҵҽҩѡ½ڻ̳ϡ
ʱˤҲᣬʱԼˤ˵ͷԼϺϥǶˤƤҲʼʹ˻ǲǹģԶٴͣǲ㣬ðɡ
½˵Ҳ˵㻺㲻ǻгȥš
˭֪ôѽ綯ҵĿƣ

Сɡʱҧ˳¿ʿս׻ķϡ
һӺ󣬷ʱǿʻԶֿʼֱߣԽżԽǼš
½ƨɺ溰ѽͣɲբɲբ㲻𣿡
飡һɲסˣֱײ
½ͷʱ໥ţ˲ǣˡ
ˣҪȻ㻹гȥϰɣȫܶ壬˵أ
ʱɫҰףʮﰡôÿʮһϰҵ˶ˡ
ĹؿڣСһλﳵ綯·޵ƳһۣٶȻһ˲ȻǶǰһ٣ķιʱס
ղǲǿһۣЦңʱز
½æοûе£̫ˡ
ԶȥıӰͻһ۵Цصʱԡ
ϣִʱϥǺؽڶˤˣҲü
ԭΪķʱԼڶͻû뵽ʱڶŵ綯ȥˡ
ִʱĹλ뵼Ŵÿһ·ߣڷʱϰıؾ·ֵ¹ʶ෢ضΣһǽϰѾ𳵻
ִŴ⣬Լ˻ϥͻķʱˤһµַɿӵ
һţˣ֮ǰѧôûôǿͼǿ
ҿȥϰʱ˳·㡣ڲϣִ״ƺܲ
ʱûθڵӽɵ̧ۿִһۣΪִǼǴʲô紴깫˾Ĵ¥еĵطڶǣ֪ҪԽжһȦӵ·;˳·
˰ɡʱֱִŤŤ˵ң˿˻Цҵġ
ִеⲻ˷ʱ֮ǰʱԼѧûƵ˼
Ƿʱ뵽ѧУʱͲ˵Ǹͻ˵ùȥⶼʮˣȥϰˣʱԵĵ곤ͬ£ЩһĲмλ˾ҪǿԼÿͺȥϰ࣬ǸеĽ֪ͣҪôԼء
ʱҪΪⷽ⣬żҹô죿
ִΪʱڼﱻż͹ⷽԭ򣬿ԸҪռܴһ֡Ƿʱʶ̫ҡܹǲûһִҲûٶ˵ʲôˡ
ڷʱֲиŬ£ʱ룬ʱѧ綯
쿪ʼʱŵ綯ȦȻôУǺڽСʱżִһѳ
ſҵС綯ͣͺյʱ򶼵һ
ڷʱһֱȺ֪ͨǰȥʮ
Сһǳ㳡̳ĶҵһҲķװϢصˣһҿװ޺ܸߵƷϢؿҵˡ
ҹִͷʱȥвɹ·ʱ򣬷ʱװ޵ĵִⷿĵһᣬ鷽ʱһ£ƸϿ
ѮʱϲصִԼҪ
ִ磬ˣܾͿȥְϰ࣡
ʵϰֻһ£֮ǰǼҸ٣ʵϰǧ塣
ʱӴСĺųֻ߰˰׾ͿԵ˵źʲôֻ̫
ҽϲоͿȥϰࡣ
ִת뵽ʱĵ綯񫻹ûйȥָʱ˵ҽֲǲϻԶ˯һ
ڼſϰĺôˡ
ʱһ̲סִ㶼֪жɣֻһ決ʦˣҪһֲܾˣ
ִʱƴһϺģڵƹŹ⣬Ϊ˷죬ִЦһǺʵ˵ϲֺͬʱ˵һ˵ȷʵˡ


52 
ʱѧݵת䣬Ϊλǳ㳡ҵȦڵһƷʵϰԱ
ʱˢһʿбǳȲؽӷִ
Ѿһˣٱ˫ҵݲñΪһѧ졣ʱߴִ鿴ֻȥݣҺִ˵ҿ͸պʺҡ
ִ㿪ʱӣԼλļ۸һ򶨣оݲΪ̰Ľٶѡķʱ
ȡʲôϰߡ
ִ˳ֻĻȥˮԱ߽ˮ
ûǡʱԲѵرʾıƷûһҵĵ綯Կףɡɹ˪ˮˮҪôȥء
ִˮߵǰʱಽˣΪҵҪˡ
ִȻԸݷʱһգÿһԸһϿִÿֻѡһʵ֡
˵ִòѷʱʱԸѾ͸֧Ժˡ
ʲôʱţִóֻʼ¼ԸȷʵѾ͸֧ˣϴǺҲ㣿ҿԼ˵һԸ԰ɣ
ִԼˮһڣʱβͳһԼϲǷʱÿζִȡʱ򣬱ֵöϲϲǺܶݵģ治סĴͣһʱ䣬ֺܿ챻Щ˵ĶᶪһĽҲһۡ
ִͼ֮ǰӴsalesõĿǰûҪȴһԺõϢ
һºûб˳תԺ¡ִ
Ͳ򣡡
ִڷʱҪ޶ãΪִ䵭̬գ֪ԼĿǰεȷʵ㲻ãǰտһ̲ܰķʱ߳ŭһתҹš
ִʹĵСӵİϷѾϰΪΪĽˮ˹غַ꣬Ż档
ȻûеȵһԺִ°ʱ̣ͿʱѾõǿбȻһ˲󣬿ʱһֻϵõһѼ
ʱſã洩һ˯¶䣬ɳϵͷ
ֻһµʱ䣬ʱѾȲˣһٰ
ʱҪʲôҪõܶΪԼˣͿԵõԼҪģȴǲԸ⸶ҲԸȴ
Ȼ޴־ҪʲôȴǼɡ
ԼˣҪˣ
ʱʱ򿴵ִײϣ죬ִ﷢һߣִܲҲʾִٰ
㡣ִνԷʱԵݵһЩйϷ룬ǺܲмĿ⡣
ʱٴԸֻҪһڣԸ겻ɣͻܰǵضִʹЩĵСϷСӡ
ҲûдӦһ򡣡
֪ʱƢԵִʱֵܻúܲǫãⷽʱҵԡ
ʱֻŴͼƬԱȺԼAϸڣоʲô𣬵ڶձԸԳرʱдͬб汳ȥϰˡ
Ѿһ룬°ִĴʼӣԾƵƵЯִȥصķֹ˾Ӳ죬⵼ִ֮ǰҪæµܶࡣ
﷽ʱȶԼĹԼѣǰ뿪ִûа취ִѲ
ζڵִڴƼĹ˾ϷԣCEOɫعƣִ΢ЦĿײʱ򣬵ͷʾ⡣
ִͳڿڴһµֻ
ʱϢˣ
ִǰ뿪ʱʱúõģôͻȻִüظȥôˣ
ʱܿظһ޵ı飬ʹ
ʲôִһʱûס
ʱ˵㿴
ִ˲ʶʲôظģ
ǻһʱһͼһŰϵһӣҵƬִϢȥ󣬷ʱֽͼƬˡ
ִհʱ°࣬ص󣬿ʱѾ޵ûڵء
ʱ˯ӳţִǰİ߲ۼûˣִòϣΪǰǡĩ뵽ʱڶϢԼδȷʵеʧء
ҿˡִȥҪʱק
ʱһѾ޻ִյͬʱָе־壬ִʱҵţҲһӣ㣡㣡˵˲ҪҧҪҧΪʲôҪҧ
ʱܱںڲвŮ
˵ˣҿô¡
ִʱͷʹѣҪȥץסȴʱϻָϣִ΢΢ʹָ̧մһѪ˿
ӺִڴͷʪëԼϵһӡ
СץִķʱʱΪִָʱҲС˵㣬Ӵ
ִһޱؽʪë£תͷʱǰ۹ִӴߵǰһţˮϴ߳Ѿ侲
ȥҽԺҽ
ʱϻ޷߳ܵĲ֢ظڴϣϴ棺ҲҪȥ
ʱĻ伲ҽִΪԼڼͥռžԵλӵоԵĻȨʱϾԼΪ׵ݸеɣȴҲ޷֮ǰ̬Ӳ͹
ˣִֻ֢״ϤҽѣѯϺ󣬶Գȥҩֹʹҩࡣ
ʱʱڴϣ˯Ŧ۽⿪·ִڵϽҩСͿĨʱͷϣȻ·ʱĥô﷽ʱס
ʱɫͮͮؿڻţûƽ
ʱ򿴵ִԼͷ̧ȥĴִ֣ҲҪ
ִ𣺡ҹ۲Ҫң
£ʱֿʼóִ֡
ʮӺִһ糾͸ϻһĴ
ҹһϣԸԵķʱڳ·ͷϽͨݮͼĴϹδɵᣬڰ˯ȥ
ꡱһű
ִִѾδʱˣһ̧ۣ߾һ٣˵ܣôˣ
ϹҲʵִɫƲϺÿӭŹߣܵʣ𣿡
ʧЦ֪ڼ̼λͬѧɾҪҪǵִˣǸϽס˻ͷ
ƣôûôôĮ飿
ִ˵ôǰ֪ͨҰŵط㡣
ڰ֣Ҿ·ôͺо۲ͻ´ΰɡ
ʱ߶ϣִģһ˿ʵһ˿ʲôſδĹ˵⼸òϲ
ǳЦЦ˵˵⻰ʲôֲɼĨǣΪ֮ǰġ
⻰ٵòټ٣ִƺеºܺЦģʣô£ֵĹһˣȥװǹ˾ƱϢһָ˵˵»
ͬѧΪִʶ꣬ǳִ֮ǰһռִ룬ȴǱܾȻ֮ǰ˵ĺʲô⣬ʵûһ
ʱɼּ֮ǰִɲúúö˶̬
Ҫִ¶ƻںޣĪ֮Ҳ췽ҹ̷˵Ρ
ʹзչǿƼ˾ȦĴ˾;˵СϢִҲ˵깫˾CEO౻ܾѹͷ̧ԱսսֳӪԾƵƵִȥķֹ˾ᣬƷصܣͼѾ㹻ˡ
ʱ䣬ƾִڴЩɼԾҲʱ˳°ˡ
ǹ룬ƲƵĻв֮ǰԽ깫˾ĺĿԽǱߵˣԽִĿŵ飬Ҳ̡
ﾲĬһ˲ִ鵭Ȼʲôﶼ޹ؽҪģĹһ˭֪ͱˣ飬ҵڵ̬֮ΪһȨѬҲΪ
ԺΪԾȥˣ
ִȴûֱ׻ش𣬲ĿӣѾȶ
˹һۣŨܺڷ׷ҵ£ҵңܴŶʵŬȱһɡ
Һ㲻һ
ִһǷǳˣִϰڹڹõˣʱ£ʱ᲻ͷյѡ
֮ǰռҳֵ÷зֻ֪ǳû뵽ֱӽˡ
˵꣬ڳִĿͻȻ򳵴⡣
ǰĴСſ߳һλͲкﱧһװףһͲԼ·
ֻǵһӰܿԷ̵ͦıǣ۾ִԲܹһ㹻ɫβеϹţŵĻǵ˼
𣿡
˵֮ǰһЩСϢЩţû뵽ġ
֮ǰҵýִ߳ŵֵ÷зŷʱЩʵıҲٲΰĴȥ
ʲô
Ŀ䵽⽥нԶкϣû뵽ϲΪϲص͡
ִ˵Ҳûϲ׵ضԹ͵ֻǽˣûҲʲô
𣿡˵Ϊʲôѡ顣ô˵ⶼǹ߳ΪԼžһ鷳ִ£Э飬ãҲӦһ򵥺ô򷢵˲Ŷԡ
ִʱ򿴵ʱԼ·͵ϴѾӰĿ⻺ջأΪҲĻûԸˡ
ʱ򳵴⣬ʱ̧һ٣ͻȻ˵ôокܶ˻Ըܵһ
£ִûнӻ֪ܵ˳轵ѹתͷִɫʶԼ˵Ц
һݣҪ䣬Ϳִƿ˳ţš顱һĹִ³ȥ


53 
ִһǳɫ̺ۻûˣʱͷѾΪִľϣȥѾס
ʱ뵽ԭռ˵¸ߵصִŻǿЩ粻ԷʱԼƵһЩʱ಻ĵ
㿴СǰûɸЦˣһۼٵİҡڵأ°ͼ·
һŮӦòܰɣ֮ǰǿǵҲüأӦòǻᱳA˰
Ϊļҵĸүء
ļҵĸүڹ˾鰡װģ˵֮ǰЩҲǼٵء
ϻٵ곤˵ʮ飬һ綼أҪǮںǮɡ
ˣˣ°ˡ
ˮͷϣˮֹͣԱϴּﰲ
¥ݸһˮͰ
űƿʱӳһС߳
ʮѮִӳһֻŹһֻֻ绰ӵ³ߣݻؼҡ
ϲЦտڵ绰ͷִ˵һЩǳ׵ĸлĻִţúصûʲôЩСĿǹ˾ҲҪС˾
ڴĴ˾˵ЩСûʲôʱ;ȥһһģһ㶼ȥ
Ĺ˾ŶȻûãۺʵȴеģοµľߣִ˵ҲǾ֮͡
һ£ûִ֮ǰܾ£ﰵ
ִصʱⶪڵ̺ϵİŵв𿪣ʱѰˡ
ִʱ°ûɵأȴûбִΪƷб
ôˣִͣͷĶջòƺȻ˳ڣ֮ǰǺϲ𣿡
ûִڡʱʲôʱᷢԼļٰˡϵõ𰸣ͷ֣ʱҲûб
ʾˣֱԼ˫
ʱ̧ۿһۣԿһţûʲôӣڲϲˡ
ִ꣬㲻ˡ
ʱϲʲôǺܶݵģϲ쿴ǸҲܺ׾
ϲʱԸԸϲʱͶڵϣף֮ġ
˯ǰʱֹ̬ȵغִ˵ȥϰִ֪࣬ĻѾ壬Լñȥ
תʮ£ȥĽǰִʱȥܱ죬ڷʱҪִÿʱУֲ֮ǰûие鲢ûоܾ
ⲢִûдʱֻΡ
ֻΪִӷʱҽĽ飬鷽ʱٵžɢģѭ򽥽Ա㷽ʱԺȺܼĵط־塣
ʱǺܲģϰߺֺܶ࣬ܲԸ΢һ㣬ҪִҪִľͱʱ䣬ִǺܵòʧ顣
ִҪַʱ彡ӡ
Ϊȥеʱ򣬷ʱкܺãִİ˽̸ҲӦ磬˽귽ʱҪȥԶһĵط
뵽֮ǰҪľĦûϣִ֮ǰĻ֣ʱؽǼǵĵص㣬šһİ¿ԶһĴŵĦ֡
ִǰҲӦʱ
ΪǷʱıҵ꣬·ǷʱѰҪʱ̣һȥ̶ִʮȥŷޡ
˵ʱʥǰϦصִʰõʱϲ⣬ִʲôʱķɻôûյţ
ִڴǰʱĻʱһʱ仹ûзӦǺļǺܺõģҲܿӷʱʲô뵽ʲô
ִһ°ʵ̫æˣҪλò׵飬˾ľɲִܶ࣬ȫǶթĶǵʱѾӦҪֲʱȫ֮Ժ
Ϊһ㣬ֻΪִദ㹻ãִĪĳʱϵЦҲ𽥱䵭
һִ̣Ȼ˵Ҫȥʱе㳤Ҫһܡ˷ʱ˲ή飬ǳԲ˵λ
ʱ˵˵ʮ³ȥѾʮµˣ
ִûа취ѣΪѾǽһ¡
ʱڴڴؼڵִ޿ʵֵˡ
۷ʱų޴Թִ˵ٱƭӣⶼӰִһķɻɡ
ִ뿪ʣ·ʱһˡ
ڽ귢ܶΡ
ʱ֮ǰȶֲȫ£ִ뿪ʱҹﶼῪյͷ˯ʱ̣ݶſڵĵ̺ϣ÷ʱ˲ٰȫС
ִ뿪ĵ죬ʱϾŵӵ½ĵ绰Լȥ档
ã˵ôôù¶ء½ͷƱľƺȥ룬һ˧ӱƾȾͨ죬Էʱ˵û뵽˵ͼʲôҲûʲôǮ
½ֻʱչʾԼͱעΪŮ˵¼Լڸٶʮ̲ȣ˵磬ŸոչҲһǮ
ΪǺŮ½Խ˵Խί˵һƲһѱһģأȼ棬һһװ˶࣬Ҹô࣬Ҿ͸оˣΪϴˣȻгϷ
ʱ˵˵еҲͼҵǮϷͷϺǸʲôϷŪҺ𣿡
ʱڰο˲ûʲô飬ӹƱ½ڶеֺ˸ĵƹｲʱȻֹ޼յĳ¡
¿½µӰ󣬷ʱʱԼľƱѩ̣оһּȣ˵ʲôװɡ
ſڰ̨ϵ½ıһ㰡ָ½߶߶̸ûʲô˼
ʱִ˵ƭӲĹȻִ뿪Һڿĵ̺һ
˵ЩճһʱеƱˡ
ʱĳʱİģ⼸ִ̫ãϢɽò񻰣ٳĳ
ʱ̧ȥƹɫأʱԽԽư˱Ⱦŵʱ˶˺ܶࡣ
̨ͻȻֱһɫļβƣʱؿһۣס½Ķ亰㵽׵˶پư¹ʲҪ
½ڰ˵û㰡
ϲСķ΢Ц̧ʾⷽʱ󿴣֪Ǹġ
ʱģ֮ʮһʱȥһɬȻ棬ζ䵽ȴǱ֮ǰ죬ٱ֮ǰһЩһűѰɫ̺촽ʹžϸһ˿˵Ũ޸С
ҹѵĹ̺;ˮﲻʱʤ䷳֪֮󣬷ʱġѡһֱ衣
ҹһdjʥڵ񻨴϶ը
ʱ½˸ɴأͷȺǰڨİˣͷȺħ裬賿һ룬˲ǾƣߵشӾư˳
ⶼˡʱͳֻɱҪȴֵĻ£ȴȻֻ֪ʲôʱѾػˡ
½ʱھưſڵͰǰ£Ժʱ˵Լֻػˣֻг׼Ȱѷʱͻȥ
Сƹӵģ֪˭˭
ҿҿ簡ˣҪȻ
ʱſڣ½뵽ִŹ߳ѹȸеףҡͷԵؼ˵ϢզȥϷ
˽ţʱκںڰصλãĵƴ򿪡
ꡱһ󣬷ʱ½ɳǸϤĶֿµӰʱͬʱһС
ִ
ִ֪ʲôʱˣȻڿҲƣɳһڣˣϱⳡ˴ľţÿֲƬֳҲݡ
ʱŵ˻һҲ˴롣
½ΪӾưɳʱ¹ѹִ࣬Ŀ£ͻȻҲվֱˣڷʱСͷϵҲ˲˻
½Ц磬ҲڼأҸʱԷأûʱ䡭㿴Ū̫˲ǡҼﻹأ˹
½һȥһһŷʱŵôվţ˶Ѿ˵ſˣǿиԼһ뵽֮ǰִԷʱ£ˣְſӣִһ䣺ұұΥΪ
£ִͻȻɳվ½˲һֻ˵Сһ¥ݶûˡ
ִʮӵңص￴һƬʶʱûڼҡ
ʱѾִֻʱλãַʱȥ˾ưɡ
ȥˣ
ʱһʱ⾡ʣĿİ˵ȥ½Է˵ƣʧˣǶ˵㡣
ֱʱʱڶִѣִЦЦؼΪʲôҵ绰
ʱûִиԼ绰͵ֻˣûػˣû֡
ʱ鲻شִɫҲ֪Լλ̫ھưΪ̫Ҳûִĵ绰ܻûصҷԼڵִĻҲʵû뵽ִôͻȻǰ
ʱ˵̫ˣϢɡ˵ţߣҪڴװ˯
ȻʱĽŲǱסǰ
Ϳɻأִɫ䣬ߴ赲סʱĲ
ʱ۾ִഥһ˲ײȫеһľǿ򶨣ݽӲس˳ǣԺ󲻻ôˣҲǵøֻõ硣һڿˮִԲ𡣡
ִܽ϶µģʱǰмҵķ˿бëڣϻɢžƾˮζζһζ
ʱȥưɸʲôأʲôľưɣе¶ĳ齫𣬾ûھưһ࣬ʲôأȺܶ𣬿ﵽµֻʣһǮ㼸ٴ߲ܵغȱ͸ѵľ
˵һʱúܶҪӽһȴǲܾ̰ᡣ
ʱȥվſִĿ£ȺֽţҶ˵˶ԲˣҪô
·ִͻȻ³ۣ
ʱһ˲Է·һʱûܽյִڽʲô̧۾૳ʲô
ִٴαس˵·ٽҡ
ѣȥԡңһȥϴ衭ʱվڿĵذϣоĵ׷кѿˣҪ˯
ظִȻ̧ѹһϵŭ𼸺Ҫ̲ס׷ʱΪʲôѽһסͻԼԼͥ飬ִܿ뵽ԼǰγǸʱΪΪķʱûа취Լȥ˶ĵطŻģ֮ǰִܶγʱ򣬷ʱòֺ
ִ֮ǰⷢƢҲܲǵزϣִ뿪ֻڼװںϷ
ʱվִ˫࣬߬ȭͷ˽÷һ˫۾ͨ죬ȴǳٳٲ
Ϊִ̫ûжԷʱƢҲûнѵ·ʱӣ߻ˡ
ҪҰ𣿡ִͻȻ̧֣ʱȥ
ʱȴȻǵͷһֵسһΪִҪѾȫİִԷǱһ˵ĿɲӣҲֲסȥԼףԼԼѡ
ʱ·һִվĿĮؿ
ȷʱѵ󣬻ʣһСãǿ˵ůĶӴļϻǿƲסһ㼦Ƥ
û˵ҪִͣһûѪ
ʱǳһһҧС㳶
һкصػʶʱ򣬷ʱ±һִ۵Ʒ
ʱִԼ֣Ȼ˳ż
ʱһۣջ
ִڼԼ
ʱִûһ˿һ¶ȵ
ִʱʱ̲סſǻض㲻ңִľٶе쳣裬ؿھҲĳֻʲôƷȨȨʱͻȻΪҲû˵ڣȨִǰʲô
ΪִǰһֱûκȨִݲﻮֵأһʱԽߣִͻָǰĿµӣԷʱ̵ܶ¡
ܶҲܳͷ
ʱĻѾϷʱִջŭ⻹δȴ˿ԣʷʱ𣿡
ִʱͦıǼ΢ʱӣڳİܲ͸ĺףû¶Σգʣ㲻𣿡


54 
һ֪ǵ賿㡣
ִ˯úǳֻǸû˯š
Ա߷Щѹֵģϸ΢ûֹͣ
ʱȻڿޣĿ޷һʱǹִ޵úܲңΪȡִͬ飬ֻò
һΣʱĬᣬûҪġ
ִ֮ǷʱԻӰ˯
ִֻʱѾ賿롣
ʲôܿʱִ֪ȥʱ᲻Լˮɡ
žડһִӺڰְ̧˴ͷơ
ɫ˵̫ãǺܷ꣬ǿѹʲôԻڱѶСķʱ˵û꣡
ʱ죬ŵһһ˫޵ÿҪ۾Լû˿εִ˵֣
ֻҪԷʱ΢һ㣬ͻڲԼλãβ컹ҪһЩΣձԵǻĴ¡
ִԣʲôЦĻ֣ΪԼ֪ʱ˵ʲôɵ̸֮𣬻Ҫ֣Ϊʱȥ㹻ãüԺܲķʱѾȫ뿪ִԼʲôӡ
ʱѾͷִ޷Ļţʷʱ㵽ʲôίϳȥʲô浽ŻؼңҲӦ𣿡
ʱ֪Լȷʵֲִ̫֪ǰֻǳȥ½棬һ£ƾʲôң
ִؿŲ֪ڸĻȡֵķʱûټõʣֻǳʵһ½ֻ㡣
ִ⻰Ѿ֪½ڷʱǷΪʱԼǿ󣬲ִһûҲһܹԼúܺá
Ƿʱȱ̫ˣǿֻܴһ
ִΪֹûǿӲҪʱ½ϳΪ½񣬲Ϊ½һֱʱΣԱִжΪ΢
½ôˣƾʲôô˵ʱû뵽ִԼҪΪѣúɳƵɤӶִ޺𣺡ԼȴӦңȥУԼʲôֻںԼֻںĹûпǹңΪ㲻Ҳź½ȥ棡
ִеͷʹѣڷʱԳеִȷʵǳŵȴûʱ̣ΪﻹҲԸ壬ֻһС𣿴ӦȥûҪ
һʼͲҪӦ
ִ˵ұ֤ӦҶٴûһٶѣֻһҪֲֹ
ʱ޵˵뵽ִһԼ裬ҪϸִԼµһ㻹㻹֡
ִַʱ֮ǰ޵øݣ񴭲
ΪʲôһֱֵöܵķʱԴ˹ڻ
ΪִҲԾҹԷʱе񣬲Ҳʱ壬õ˶ԷûгĴ𰸡
ִһǻһֺܱɵ˵ôˣ
װģģȻ˵ǸֵҲùܶ𣿡
ǻ²ִ֪ٱķʱˣǷʱ֪ԼĲֻʲôأ
ʱޱֿ˵Ĵûа취ܺõִѹ·´˺ֻ򵥡
ִɫ⣬赭д˵û𣿡
üʱ˵ʱĺܲ¡
ʱ֪ԣ죺ǡǡ˵˺üǣƶĴ޷˼Ĵʻܵ˺
ʱͻȻô򴰻ꡣ
ִ֪ȥʱ᲻ҪֵʱַʱԵһһ˫׵۾ҲȻһ˲
ˡִɫ֣ұ
ִʱ˯þԼԶǽŴأߵıѾ޵ʪ͸סϢ
ʱȴҡҡͷִܾ˵ʲôҲŲԴ޵һѾò
ִóȻקѾķʱŵˤ´ȥֻ첲ڰգͣһִ˻ν˵㲻Ҫڡ޶ֻ˳Լɵıķʱ飺Ժ󶼱ұ
ִ˵һ䣬ְ˴ͷƣ˯
ִ֮ʱĿ΢ǳ׿ˣŶʮӹȥִʱĿֹס
һƬĬֻõ
ִڿʱӱӣˮӯ۾ںڰɢ΢΢Ĺִַʱڹ۲Լ
һȷ۾ֻ¶һ϶ƽȵִѾ˯ţȻ̧첲ֱɾˡ
ʱӣشԼǱ˹굽ִ
ִоʱȳʪգؿλá
ֻһִͷǱ˭˸С˸ɢһ룬ʱĲãִҲòϣʱȴǰѾԺܶࡣ
ԲãҲмǵִ˵޾ͱǲᣬֹͣʱŸҹ


55 
ִŴɫʱĺò֮ǰƽȺͼ١
ִӴšͷƣʱ˵գֵ¶ȸʱȻԤϵ˵ա
ִںܾ֮ǰ뵽ʱèһ壬ΪСʱӪûдãŻ
ִҿװ˷ʱĶͷϡ
ʱ۾׽ţ˯üͷţ֪ǵմĲʻûε¡
ִ߳ߵſʱҹѵϵմ̾ζ·ϴ»ȥ
ִص򵥵࣬˼
ߵ룬ִ˵ȥʱѾ˹ͷģһ˫ȻǻǺãִŽɫԵһ䡣
ִûʲô߹ȥ˴ߣڴͷϣȻŷʱͷϵеҪ˼Ҫְá
ȻִŸոһʱ֣ʱ˾ͷǳԵһҲܾһЩִȷϵĶǺ£
ʱһ˲ִĪһƣֽӲڰգͣһ£ִ»ָ˱顣
ջĿ⣬µ˵ȻˣԼϴ󣬰ѷ˰ɡ
ִҪ鷭ƪǷʱȴˣΪøӴķʱһִֺۿӣ۾ִһۣ촽ܾǿţִ˵Ҳԡ
ִҲе㷳꣺Զ
ʱִ粽õĻشſǻͻȻҺ㣬ֻŰңԶ㣡
ִʱȻı飬̶Ļ
Σִû뵽ԷʱôԼʱжµضԼ˵Զ㡱֮ǰȴݺķ·ܵ˼˺Լ˵ʲôԶޡ
ΪʲôأѵʱĻɫ
ִһԽԽ䣬ǴʱķʱرѶؿǡ
ִһ۴⣬ͣˣǷʱԼͶˣԼں˵Щ̶Ļ
ִֻ߳绰ʱеͬ¡
ִǰ˻ΪͬľѾһһöβеͬҲȫӦԣû뵽ʱӵϢ©⣬ִµ͡
ԽĺĿǴĽͷϷִ뽻ȥһĴſԾ˳Լ׶λá
ִ뿪ǰʱڴϣ۾ԼȴԼȥʱܿƿ
岻ķʱҪִִֺ
ִһۣ뿪Ӳ˵Ѿǵ곤٣úϢٺ˼롣
ִص˾Ѻͬݷ͸ȥӹĿȡ
ڴ깫˾ĸ߲㣬ִڰ칫ȡƵ¼񣬿ʱԼ뿪֮ԹѾºõͣ㲣ʧǵߵˮԽˮ
պһȥΪʵŶӣȻ䣬ȥ;лŶϵܵˡ
ִʱŻµ֪˶ãʧִĻ棬õľĬҲ˱仯ʱôƣڷգ᲻Ϊûִչ˶ε
ִҪһͨʱĵ绰ʱͰˮ
Ӻڿɫ԰׵ķʱŲ鸡ش߳
ִż¹ϵţȻƶȡǰʱƵ¼񣬽ڷʱÿ°ʱǰ
ִһ֡һ֡ϸ鿴ڴ֮ǰʱÿζڰ˵ʮǰң˵°ʱ㡣
ʱ֮Ѻصѵһݣֻ򿪵ӿԼ׷սĿ
Ϊú䣬붬֮󣬷ʱͺС綯ΪξǼȷʵܽʱѡ°ࡣ
ִܿ췢֣ʱɳһŹԴһ߿ʱʱƣżȻʲôɳϵܵڣһۡ
ִʶڿǲԼĳˡ
ʱһڼʱĹ¶ÿεľٶԴ꣬ʧֻϲشӴڻ
ûִ飬ÿ췹Ҳʳʡ
һܶ죬ִʱһڼظ̽Ķҹҩ
ֱ˿ִ̣ʶԼԸճʱ鷽ʱֹҪͱĲ̡
ϾʱǺܴģûа취ԼͿԶˣ
ʱִʱ̶Դֻϲ鿴ԴӼƵ¼￴ǷʱҪִΨһֻǵȴȡʻ̽ĳִѶš
ʱƽֹߵ͵ģǻľޣֻΪֻ׾ˣʮĸСʱ
ִĶʮĸСʱʮĸСʱæʣµʮСʱҪֵһ˯ߣʱֻصõִСʱ
ִڷʱ뷨ϣʱֻԼ˵ֻԼЦֻԼܵĽӴ֪Щ뷨ûа취ʵֵģҲ
ȴżȻ֪½Ϣĵʱִ⽫ʱϢհ½ʱ䣬Լ½ŷʱϹĿܡ
ִԼҲӵĩģܹ鷽ʱȥʱ֮١ִ˽ģԸ飬ֲԸռݷʱʱ䣬Ըʱհ׵ȴҲԸⷽʱѰðο塣
ִʱ¼ҲȷʱûԼ顣
侲뵽ԼΪʲôᷢĻ޷ΪԷʱûа취ΣֱͻȻһЩ顣
ǰķʱ⣬Լ˻鷳ķʱÿ찴ʱ°࣬ںͲٵе޴СٻҡһΪ˼־С׻˼ˡ
ѱ֤һЩĻ˿ʱʱᱻ
ִûа취ϸӦø飬ҪƷʱʱ᲻ĳһ죬סջͶ˵Ļ
֣Сյظ֡
½Ϣʱظ
ȷ״̬ȫover
ʱ½ҵȻˣŹ򡣡
ôˣ
ңĲʱ˵͵ˣ
ʱ߲ѣΪ˴ҸֲҪһܣǰթң
½ԣظ˵ģ飡
һ磬ʱŲе½˵һִĻڼ½İ£ҵһƪΪĲɷ򡱵Ķƪ¡
ʱĶ֣ｲһǻӳˣΪ޴ģΪ̽ӵ׻᲻죬ǣһ߰ݾְɷһñݹԼӵĹ£µĽֲã±ӷֺ˸ɢ³
ʱʮ־оĹ£תִϣʱҶԼµ֣صǸ
룬ʱͻȻСצڵذܵ죬Ȼǿſ
ִˡ
ִߵſڣšһţűʱˡ
ִ˱ۣоʱûû˵ͬʱֻʱʱʱԼĿһƵ
ִΪǣҲʶڡ˺ϣıؾᣬҪһʴϷʵʲôϵĴַ
ͺñͱһ֮ƾ˵ԷʵͱһߵԷڲԴǣ˵ȴǻڵͷԼѪܵ˿ʱ
ܶʱִоԼ÷ʱûа취˵ĻֻϣʱѵԺϺԼ£Ƕִִ˵ޡ
ִţͻȻ˵ԲҺǸҲӦô˵㡣
ִǸͷķʱ˺ܾã̴Ӵš
ųһ϶ʱһСӷ϶ִӰֹ˵ûа취ԭ㡣
ִʣҪԭ£
һִſʱһȻŷݸִԼֻ
ִͷһ۱ֻ߬ĻǷʱĹﳵҳ档
ִû˵ӹóԼֻ°պֻֽʱ
ʱյԼֻͻȻһֻϷַͳһϢԪǰһɡ
ʱִ̧
ִ˵ǲȥֻǸһʱ䡣
ϣʱسԷʱʱͻȻתִʱ룬϶ǿԼƪ£Ȼʹǰǡ
ʱȥҴҵģ˵ԶִʵҲûмǺ޺ܾùҹɵһŴϣִڴϿʱֻʱûյس̵ĺϢֹ̽𣿡һ˵ִڼպȫ
ִƤ˵漸춼ԡ
ʱ̫ţʣҲУ
ִšһ
أʱʳڵʱ򶼿ʼоԼЩ֡
ִǱͥӪֲᡷϣȻתͷ˫۳ԼڹǷܹټôߵķʱڴͷϡ
Ҳ˵𣿼춼ԡ
ʱʱڲٿƣ̹Ȼ¶вƱһϲϲڱһȣܿ뵽ʲôǵ곤ܲͬôõļ١
ִ΢ر仯û뵽ʱںһݹ˶٣˵ǰʱ䶼ûٳٵãúú͵곤Ϊ㡣
һĩβִʵֳŵʱУԽߵļ۸ȥŷ޵ĻƱʱС
ڳɻʱִ̣ŴӹİƣԵķʱԱһԴں˯
ִŷʱ۵ӣ˼Ʈ뵽ʱ챻Լ˺ķʱԼ˵֣ҲΪںԼ
ִܴʱȥһͬ»һĴŵľĦֵĻԼͥȶкܲӰģķʱڰִһпԭǲӦñܾԸ


56 
ɻִĵҹ
ʱִͬ£˳СʱĶӣԸԳس˿ԸҹľĦ֡
ĦתٶȱȲлҪǵƹ˸ĳУҹ̻ϣкܶ۽ͷףµһ꿪ʼĻա
ʱִߣſڴϿһȻǰһóֻꡱһͨҹֿʼҽǶԼ
ִĵƳһۣʱֻ߸߾һǳĵģֲԼʵòһˮƽĽǶȣ㰴ť
Ǹպ۾øӲɱĴ촽̺죬ɫĥƤͰǽһûѪɫģ
ִûһ԰ԼĵøСƵģԼǱֻ͸û꣬оԼء
ڣȷʱҸֽǶȸԼֿ꣬ʼĿתƵִϡ
ʱø첲ִһ£ִֽ硣
ִԭ羰ջأٵԼǰģʱ֣һϳĵȴִƴơ
ִޱ˵ġ
ʱִһЩܲݵ顣
£ֱִʱĸ첲һ£ѽ
ĦѾ֮ٵһǾҪˡ
ִǺܲԸ֣ȳͷʱͬƣ׼ȷغͷʱǰƴյһ
ʱ¿ţֻĻ涨ֱִȷʱһȦȳǰҲȷʱһһЩһıҰķøõġ
ִ꣬ʱ죺ֶ
˵賿ŻصƵ꣬ƽ׷ִŷʱϸϸܵǣΪ컹гֻ̣һΣִ÷ʱϢˡ
ִշʱ·ߣһ飬ʱӰһǧţִڴڼ䵣ķʱķ룬Σˡ
Ϊ磬Ѿ糣޶ķʱȻһ·ߴߴԺܶණе棬һ·϶ץִ֣һֻճߵ
ٻس̵ǰһҹʱڴpͼҪһǧͼѡţ˵һ׸㶨Ĵ󹤳̡
ִûȥڷɳŻظʼ
ŹһСʱִصҳرգ̧ͷһ۴ϣȻֻԼ΢ʡ
ʱľŹѾˣͼƬмŷе㲻ЭģͼһЩ羰պͳ߶˾Ƶʳգϵǡꡣ
΢ûãͿʼһЩۺޣִѾΪʱ΢˺ųѡ
ִƬڷʱҳ˺ŵķ˿ȥæЩҲһЩķ˿֪ʲôʱġ
ִ󻬳ȴû뵽Լ֪ʲôʱС·ġꡱ΢ϵһޡ
ûִȡ޻ֱ˳ϾôһҲûʱע⣬ȴһ뿴΢ϢϢѡ
ʱ˽ŷ̬Ӽǲǣ
ִƤһûӦͷַʱԼˡ
һ磬˻صڣִͣص˾
˭Ҳû뵽ִǨĹؿְҪ뿪ꡣ
µķһ©˾¶ǳԾΪִĹ˾øнˣַ׷ײ²˭ۡ
Ծ֮ǰΪִԼ̫ѶϣִżũǰµµԳȫԱ䡣
ִȻǫͣȴ̬Ⱥܼػؾ
ȥڴְ񲢲ʱ⣬ִȨľ
ĿǰеĻְҵÿܹ׬ȡʽ㹻ͷʱճ
Ծ˻ʮ꣬ǼҪ󳤹˾ģģִƻλãǼһȫݵλá
Ϊ˼ͥǷʱǮ֪ԸɴִǮҲѾൽΪ㹻ư֫
ִһӲκ鷳ˣ뿪֮ǰǳΪ˾ԽĺһǳβͷĹһһϣµײǳְ
ʱһĩְִµġ
ִҪʱȥǼĵʱ䣬ʱȻҩѾʣʲôˣ赼ÿܶ
ʱҽѾˣһЩ֮󣬷ʱ뿪ҡ
ʱҽֻ˰Сʱִȴ֮󣬽ȥ˽һСʱųҷʱԼо״̬ûгʲôȻΪԼʲôصĲִ֢֣Żҽͨôʱ䡣
Ļִûȥϰ࣬ʱٽذǼӰӵżҵʱȴû뵽ִȻ
ȷʱԼɻʳڣŵִ֪ѾְϢ
ְִ֮Ͷ֦٣ʱڰԼɸѡеĹ˾
գִ깫˾·ϣͻȻ绰óֻε곤硣
ôˣ
洫ǳΪѵϰ尡Ǹʱʱ֪ô˱ԱĹˣ˱Աʶǧ壬ֻǧˡ
ִֹסüʱȥ׷곤ʧҲû壬ʣˣô˵ģ
곤˵˵ҪҰ֮ǰٵǲֲȻҪȥĵ깤ˡ
ϰ塭СȻرǱϾϲ⣬еĵʦձʲôλһȥ𴦴ʱҲסġ
곤Ȼһʱ´ȴһֱŹֵϰԴԼĵܵĻѣҲǳ֮ƣ¶ڡ
ִ³һֻ˵ˣԼ취˵ģ֮ǰǮȫ¸°Ĺʰͬµ
ϰ˵ʮ壬°ķʱڼѾõִһʱ仹Щϰߡ
ʱЬӣȥһ˯£ߵ³Է
󣬷ʱͻȻִס
ʱҪ˵
ʱͣסӻĲתͷִôˣ
ִ治ɫرѻҴְҲ֪ˣپҵҲܻήн׷ӵķûл꣬ҪһЩİ
ʱһ㶣δһִҲҪʱһִǲҪκ˵ġ
˵˼ģʱ̽ʣҪ٣
ִ˵ǧ
ʱеǰһڣִڹ˾ͱʲô¨ӣ˼ҴֶһʣŻҪʱǧ顣
ʱɫһЩĪı仯ֺϣֹӣִ̾˿뵽ʱӦòóһԼ㻨Ǯ
룬ִȻԷʱĵˮƽûģǻǳһε°ܣʱΪҪȥĦ֣Ҳְ֪ģصļܲô롣
ʱΪְִԼĴڿִʱ򣬿ʱİģǺ䵭ܲһһʱЩҲָǷʱԲһС
ȻʱǮף뵽ִڿûйģֻԼǮ÷ʱоԼӰһ˲ߴҪʱҲôԺǳܣִûʸԼ׷ӣϾзʱķӡ
һ룬ʱǴӦ
ִƺû뵽ʱ״ӦʮĻͳͳ¡
ʱ뵽׷ֹʵ飬һ°ʱõ곤ظԲ֮ǰȱٵĹʵ顣
һ׵Ľ𣬷ʱܿҪҡһΪԪˡ
ԪʱǧԪǺܲںĴһӣԾԼԿ̬ÿ»תǧġе̧°ͼ˵ϾҪǹˡ
ʱصɳϣҲŮˣ˲ɳϣϸĸ첲ɳϣҲţ뵽֮ǰִԴԼ֣ǺԼ˦ɫԼֺ
ʱǸְһ֮Ҫʹִһ£Ҫһ磬ûǲҪִ̫£һͲˣ룬ʱִҿˡ
룬ִԼˮˡ
˵꣬ʱתͷִִԼӦ˰æ֮Ѿصʰ
ʱִֽһһȻͻȻԼʹִǺûбҪģΪҵĴ󲿷ִּ
ʱ¶ʹǰּסⶰ¥ǼҵϷλòûпյʱһãȻɫ
ִȻкܶ಻ãʵҲѾĬĬܶ࣬ܶҲֵúںʱʱִֺܶӣǽִǵһʱ󣬿ܲûʲô飬ʱҲӦô
ʱͷζĪִҪĻ԰ʣĹٽһ
ִ̧ͷʱɳ̯һԼ˵ʲôģһۣͷŵϡ
Ҫȴ̫ЩŹֶŷʱ˵ʲô뻹ûзźá
£ִֿһɫ£ȥϴ֣Ȼ󳯷ʱȥڳղԼķʱҲûа취ĻǺðɡ


57 
ǰʱ½ڳвɹ
ǰСƳѾһʳƷ½Ϊϵĸ׼ʱСʱҪһЩԵ·;ϳ伢
ʱڼʾ˵ЬҪˣѡȡ˫ЬŽȥҪߵ˵ĵطʱ·ʱ·һѿͨЬеŲˡ
ˡʱ̾˿ȻѹﳵЬּ˳ʮԪ˫Ь
½Ӷˣʲôʱôڼˡ
ͻȻڼּķʱƳ½һۣԷһ˳ԱȫҲ֪˼伲ְ̾㲻֪ǸҸ磬ڴҵڼңȫһ֧š
ļٵġ½ɲѣʱʶҲٳС˽⵽ִǴ깫˾ĸ߹֮󣬶ִ֮־ڻ˽⵽ְִλнӦǧ𲽣ڴְɣҲʱ˵ɡ
һ˾ִŵص
ҪЬʱڷŵ˫İҵװ޷˫Ь
ִüͷס̧ͷڳæķʱ˭ķɫЬ
ʱӷ£˼أֽЬϵЬóִ˵˫ɫҵġ
ʱʱϰԵش˾Ьִæ߹ֽЬڵϣԼľЬ˽ȥ
ִͷɫͷЬۿԱߵһ˫ɫСܵóŵԼűߣ˫ġ
ִЬٳٲԸ⻻ϣʱΪʲôҪЬ
ʱִһۣ鲻αȷʵܲϲ˫ԼϸѡЬȻе
һȷʵִϲʽ˵ô޺ؼۿʽɹѡĲࡣ
ִûнӻʱֱ任ɫͦͦظͼִʲôһ˵Ͼȫ֧šƤִҲִ¡
ִΪؼۿʱŻ򣬿ܸΪԼϲǿִҲϲá
˫㡣ִѾơ
ʱȴˣִĻ󣬳ɳǰĲ輸ȥӲ輸·ĳóһѼٴλصִǰ
ִûзӦʱ򣬶ڵϡꡱִ˫ЬϵżСܼˡ
ֻɫС˲عڵذϣִԡ
ʱžһѼЬһţǺܲؿִһۣʼ磬Ǻζִ˵ǲ֪һ˭ܵ㡣
ִıΪִĺ⡣
ִؿŷʱоԼְ֮ͽԼһĪĽɫ
ִüϸ˷ʱۣ߶ϣʱһ˫زס¶Բèۿ峺ӳճִӰӣһۺ󣬷ʱߺܿ쿴µջأһС鿴İϤ
ڣִַʱģԼѧԼ֮ǰԴı̬ȣʱ޿̽ĺ⡱
ΪʱĴԻǵЩִԾ˻Ҳûдŷʱݵ֧Ϸ룬ܲƽϵشϸĹͺͺЬ߽˿
ȴû뵽ִϵЬͿʼ͡޻
Ȼ⻹ûꡣ
ִַʱǰǿݵذһµбȻˡ
ڷϣִƺһʣ֮ǰڹǸأĿ䵽ʱϣҲû㱳
ʱش˵ǧˡ
£ִӲ֪ôһŵǿСţֵ
˵ʲô
ʱΪִû壬Ժһ飺֮ǰǧģҲһʱ䣬йĥģǧܳȥѾ׬ˣ㶮ʱ˵Ｄָһץճȭһðռ˴˵ӡ
ִĿӵǷˣָ̧üģӳӰС
ʱʱ˵꣬ȴûִĳ޺Ϳ佱еӣҲְڳһִεģôСҲҪƽϡ΢תΪȻʲô˵ҷָһ˰ɣתһǧ塭
£ֱִӴӲǰվˡ
ʱһ㶣ȴֱӻص鷿
ִ򿪵ԣѰְ֪ͨʼлظ
ִԭûôְǼʱȻڼԼһ֮ϷԽԽǳ޷԰Σʱǰ飬ִò
֮ǰʱѡ
죬ڸ˾½ִ֮ҲְеһƿƼҵ
ʢšϹ˾֮ƵƿƼҵ˵ǱȽϺ
ʵҹ˾϶³ȥ֮󣬹˾Ϳʼ·ȻΪ𲽽磬Ի͹ԶھгǳӦ˵ҵڡϹ˾ǱȽϺʵձɽ״£˾òƽ
ǺʢñȽ磬ǾӪ״ˮձҲܿȼĿάơ
ںʢ˾hrӵִļʱͱϷ쵼꣬۸ʲôҲҪִ֮Ļ
ִԺʢȷʵ٣Ҫĩ˫ݣʱӰܳСʱ⾡ҪҪɣҲϣܹܿȵ֮ƣҪнϣִδûּۻʲôͽ˴ǰȴˮ˽һнˮ
ְִʢһ£һЩͶ֦϶ﴴԱеš
ְִʢʮ֮󣬴湫˾μеһҵᣬΪڣִûƴǡ
ִһЩǰĺƱյִ֮ºЦӹݳƬĹ˾ܣתӦĽݸԱһͬǰѾͷðĺʢͬ¡
ƹѲʱѾʮִ࣬ͬ´кȥ糡ض¥
ϴֳڶ¥ȴͻȻײһȫû뵽ˡ
ִ档
ϣⲻô쵽ˡ
ֵΧ˵
ִִĿ䵽˶Էϣִȥʱȴǰ˲٣ֻԸԴվﴧŶִΪô󶯾ӼҪʲôҵڶܻ쵽ܼȥˡ
ִЦһǺνִЩ̶ĻһһԼô𣿡
ִȴΪס˵ЩǹǿִԸԲԸһЩֵµģӺԾϺ뿪ҲΪ˲ĶԴ뿪
ִģִ⻰ƭԼȥɡִΪڼһ˭Ҫ㣿Ըͷ˰ɡ
ʲôϵ𣿡
ִޱ飬ִΪǵֻܲͷֵΪѾȫûٺִѵܹϷıҪ
ִѾ˵ôִ࣬ôһ죬ͱֵǴܴ̼һִ˵ʲôϵ˵ʲôϵǰһŭȻ㵹ǴӼ˵߾ˣô̯ӸԼһ˳ţûİˣТӣô˵Ͼϵһ绰㻹ǲ˰
ǰҹȥ˵Ȩûӡ
ִʱִ˵ҧгݣƺִ˽⣺ʱ˵Ҫߣ˵յµκΣҲ𣿡
Ǹûĸεġ
ִͺ˾ƣʱִЩੲĻִ֪˷ʱǺûбҪġ
ÿִ߹ȥĿбӣǸмڸִĿһҪؼˡ
˵ļϾССƷ𣿡
ִŲһ٣ִܵһƬڵıӰ˵ǸС֪ϰĵطʵ㱳͵͵ĵ꣬ھֻа˰׵ĵط֪ʼ⼤ŭֵ𣿡
ִһ˿¶Ҳȥתͷִ棺㵽Ҫʲô


58 
ʱʱ߶ӵȣȻһʵ̸ص㡣
ʮӺ󣬶¥ƫƧĻ԰̨ϡ
ִ˵֮վӣŵĴҡҷִǰԼ̽ҵʱƵüۡ
ִһλ̫Ĵ磬ǶȥĶʲôִԶѧһ㡣
Сʱߣҵû߳±ִֺװµӿʼǫʱִҲܿõģ֮׵սƷʧȥȤ
ִջĿ⣬ԴյܲɹΪٳЩ£ϷҪҡ
ִһʲôз㣿㲻գ
ʱˣװģʲô˼ִѾٺִϷһѳЩ߲һִ˵С֪ҲģһﰵＷô꣬ˣǲӦÿĲŶ𣿡
ʲôʱС֪ˣΪ˭㣬Сôжɣ˼һѡִԽ˵Խһ㱻ʱ´۶ֻޣҲܼ꣬ǵסʲôô֪˽ӣôʲôˣ㣬Ǹ㣬ͷҪʲôȫԼ⣿ΪСʱһˮ޲óУʹֵز㻹ǲ⡣
ִ淢ģĵִܵĿǰΪֹˣʲôҪָһڶָҵģһȫľ֣һһӮꡣ
ִִߵڰ׵ĻҲЦһ˭˭ǶԼ
ʱִ㶵ֻʼˣóһۣȻ󰴵ַŻضִ뿪󣬱Ѿ״̬ҵȲ»ִҲصæ
绰ִ˵ûⱾΣԼȥ̸
ִŵģĻͷǿִתҪߣһ˵ҪеĹ׼ͺʢһ
ִ治ִ֪Ժ󵽵ǹʲôӣͷôǮһܿģ
˶ӣִ濴ִĬĮûʲôԼܿʶִ˵Ĺ׼н
ʮǰһִӵִӲʩġ롱
ִִ֪ľٴ뵽Żҵõ棬ҵʵѾ֪ˣ֪ռʵУִȻճ꣬ʵʺִСܣִ쵼

ʱִ֪ͨԼܺԼһԪڵϢһ˲Ϊִ¹˾֮Կ֮ǰ״̬࣬ؼҵʱҲԽԽ磬û뵽Ľڼ
ǵġִûкϸػش𣺡ΪһܽĿ
ʱִΪԼ׼ԪһԲ״Բİ׹ѵ׹Լİ棬оָǳԼҲֲΣǱĵ̧ͷִ𣿡
󡣡ִش֮󣬷ʱ߬Ǹ׹Գְֵ˼ҷַʱܿûԼԪڳϱʾʧʲô
պִǴС÷˵ĹϵӦöִҲİִСһررദˡ
յĸձĴѧѣպִִ֮ǰʶǻڣСʱִձֵ֮ѡһѡһõʱѡִ£ִͿʼԼ䵭
һִڳкһȥ˹飬⵼һֱִӴ࣬ⲢִĴڸоı͡
ִС֪˵λ˽ܵܵĹ¼
Сѧ꼶ʱڼͥϣҵŵֵ˭ڿѧ֣Ըʱȥŷ޿籭ִִ֣˾ʮ˷֣֡
ҵȷʵʵֳŵִȥʱִִ治֪ʲôʱҲʰǺ棬վſڴֱֹۣȥ
꼶ִɱСѧ꼶ִߴִ࣬ȥһ첲ͰƵһġ
ִִֹ治ʱ򣬱ȥҵǰ״˵ִҪ͵͵ȥ飬û뵽ҵòûбִĽ¶ȴִ˵ʲôҲŬ˶ԲԣҲһλôִֻȻ˵ôѰְ֣Լ˵ҪֲȥסҵԼⶨĹΪʲôִ治ҵԼҲҪģҪ
ִҲһȥǸĸĬϾʵȥľִ棬οִʱȷʵŬѧϰֻǲ֣֮ǰѾ̫ࡣ
ҵóʱͥס
Ĭ˽˵ִ˺Ǻܴġ
ȫĬ£ִԸԳֺ˷ɻ
ڷɻϣִ·ȫıѣ޵Ц
մЩ˽⣬ִһֱһ֡ˡ
ⳡǰƺƴҳϷ룬һʼִ˵ҲΪҵûҪһλƷвˣݲɲĺӻؼҡ
Ȼյ±Ʋ鷢ִ֮Ҳ𽥻عζִ뿪ô¿ܲûô򵥡
ִ꣬һػռҵϡ
ռլﲢûˣȫԼˣϵҲ롣
ִǱȻҲ̫£ϾСҲεغίߣģЩϵİϷ
һЩǰչ˹ֵܵϰ̼һӡ
˷㣬ҵôӶ¥±ַһȴԼ̧סˣҵԼŹȣް߰ףĿȴȣϸС
ߵǰĿɨִͣһ£ȴûж˵ʲôջĿʱֻ˵һ䣺ɡ
׷һģ̫ԣִԱߵִҲִ³һ
֪Լʵִš
ǰռլ﷢ĸӴһܵ飬ҹִûк͡ǸСġһϵ˼ҵҲûκҪܵ˼ûжִĳִֻ߱¶Ըɵ˼£ѾǱ˴˸ǫ̀ס
Ǹ̺ܸߵŮˣڷִϣһձҲ¶˵Ц⡣
ҵ϶˲٣֮֮ǰҲƵƵִأԼĺӣʡģµĺӣһ£ż߲˵ҲԵĲµĹģ룬ȴû˵ʱٴĻҲҪʱͶŮĥҵıһӵˣûϷᣬҲûҪִϳţⲻǰװױ˺꾫Ӧ취ǲɢ
ȴڷһ̬Ŀִϣ˵˵ںԾί浽ײȼҵĿƳִ棺Ժֵúøɡ
£ִִ˶Ʊҵһơ
ҵý̫࣬ձʼȰٺһ㡣
ִɳϣֻĻϣе״ʱɳϣϸһë̺Ԫᡣ
һִֻɳݵԴ̧ͷ£ָתȦȻݱŵԼǰԼˡ
⴫죬̻ը
˺һעееִʶֻûпڵƻеĳڷ̻
ԹΪó٣ʱֱˣҲûִܺúôк
ʱΪů̫㻻·մ¥·ִʱĿⲻСһƳ㿴ִֻĻС˶
ȻУҲϳһµİ׾С
ģġ
ջִ㡱΢ָ֮ԼܵܡŵǸСġ΢ͼƬ
ǷڿǰһƬƬϵ˹ִ۳ë촽ͮͮǸͷԵĽǶһʱѿŮһеĿգȻֻ¶
ǵڣִִػռңҲԭ£˵Ըִ£˵Ʒλ̫ˣͯʱھԸرŤĽ졣
ȻЩ̸ֻܴ˽¡
ֻǣΣһƳģżġ߾ʲôƵĵط
ִƺǲǵ޵ĴߣͻȻָһؼֻĻ̧ۿսһɩӡ
ôˣڿСè𣿡ͻȻЦװûпʲôӡ
ִšһ
ղ֪⻹ʣ𣿡
ִ˵֮ǰԣצӰ˾͹Ժܶˡ
һ㶣ִֿǿʲôĮغǺһЦζʣܵܣ뿪ռ֮ôûмλͬѧ˵ҵɹġ
ִ˵˭Ԥϣ
ˣ봴꣬˵Ҳ̫˲𣿡
𣿡ִһЦܰɡ
ΪƵԵʣִеһЩͷΣ̽Ŀ⣬ҲƣӦԣǱʾԼѾЩƣҪȥ¥Ϣ
ִصԼ¥ʰõķ䣬İСʱһģһֺδ䡣
ִٴδֻĻķʱѾɳ˯š
ִ¶ʮӣֲԾ⣬뵽ʱһڼҹʮҹѹ᲻ΪԼ͵͵ޣ˯ڿҹпܻھһ紵ͺյķʱ˵ǼΪΣյġ
ƻо߰ٹִ·ƮϸѩΪ䶬ҹҹɫ賿ĵ㣬ɫİĺڡ
ʱô˯
Ϊſݽ˼ʱ˯гѣɳʱϵë̺׵ԼǰִΪԼΡ
ֱִʱô˯
ʱִɳϱʶʱܵؽסִִѾȱʱһԼʣôͻȻˣˣ
ִ˵ûУֻǻ㣬컹Ҫȥġ
ŶʱԵִŵϵʱͷԼ͸ǸԲԼϡ
ִ˵ҪҰ㶩ͳ
ԭǷʱܰԵĸ߶˲ƷƣȴʱʧȥʱѾִ£ĸ첲ȴûɿŵִѩ˵ءеίһԲ
ִĬһ£Ǻܿ˵ãǾͳԲ


59 
ϣִԲóŽִȥֻɰκͳ
˳͵ʱ򣬷ʱֻҪʢԲԲһɱƬŸоƹⲻ⣬ȵ˵أԲ⡣
ʱĽڼһأǿ賿Ϊִ֮һֱû˯ţ˳Ա֮󣬾еˡ
ʱصĴϣִƹϣ÷ʱ˯
谵ĻֻһյͷƣִߵǰʱʱѾˡ
ʱоִ߽ԼȻ΢ָԼգ
оִ쵽Լϣգʱʶؽ۾һ϶ִģ
ִֿΪǰӴˮԵʣ÷ʱоЩ΢ûж㿪
ˣ˯ɡʱִģؽһ䣬Ȼ촽ϱִ𽥻µָһ£Ȼ뿪ˡ
ӣִռլ¥ִš
ȥˣôҲû˵һִʵôţ
ôºҲûﴫŲִһšŰѣͻȻˡ
ִ澪ɲִڴϽ۾̲סǰıϢ
Ϊӡסһ˯ߺǳױѣҰֵһֱһ̨ܵĲģҲҪ˯ߵĻܹһֱֹתֹӮ
δ뵽һῴĵִܵ˯˯ĳ̶ȿƻԡ
ˣǷˣӦȥӣִҵָŴⲽһ̺߳ļƣ˵ȥ¥Ժͣŵĳء
ҵﱻĻСеסַǶĴڣִ浽׹ʲôӣΪʲôϾͲ¥ƲȥͷںԾӦҲܹ׾ݣΪǸӻӻ޶ȵĽ
ҵҲ˵ȷʵǷˡ
ռլĻ⸸ӣ΢ת˵ִȻҪǿǷֻֿ»ִԽԽԶˡ
ҵֺγ֪£֮ǰѾԹһοִϳȥ𲻵Ч»
˵磬ȵȵȰɣŸսţǲҪΪãȸһصģ˵
ô˵ⶼˣ֮ǰ˵ͨھ˵ͨˣִ޷ִھȻá
ҵҲķִ꣬⸱ӣҪܵһû˵ôױԻˡ
Ұ֣ԩͷծô˵𡣡
䷿Ļҵúִһִڷ˯òʡ¡
ְʢһʮ죬ִٴְ
ǰʢΪ˶ִչʾ⣬ӦִЩɢҪ֮⣬һΪҵЭ⸶˴һǮʹִδְǳĲ¡
ΪִҪִ潫ǰʢΪ⸶ΥԼʹ˴εΥԼһ黹˺ʢ˲Ǻþۺɢ
֮ʣִѾʽӹյƷС¼ÿƼܹ˾׿ƻеأػִ칫׿һܣӹݹĿʱʱҲͻȻһʱ·õĴ
ִִ۵ΥԼнָߣִûܣ̣ϰ˭ʲôν
ΪϵҵԽãҲ֪ܵĴ֧ô̯ӣͬʱҲҪҵٴжĥɱ¿Ǯʹŷʱ뿪У
ִִԼЩļķУëִ׳嶯ܲǵˡ
ʱ뿪Ӭһô죬ȻɴˣǷʱﲻУʱ˹ԲֿͨΪ»ҪӦٴζȺ־ô졣
ʱҪú뿪ִܻִֻԼ˵ˣִ뵽ʱһ΢ı仯
ȶҪô˵ʱ뿪Сƹ˳ݰң
¿Сְڼִ侲롣
ʱʱѾι˿һ꣬һλԱְӿҵʼ決ֵڵԱһλ
ʱΪ΢˿࣬ͻȻĳ췢ԼൽױķǷʱȷʵûиԼױƬȫȫ˾
֤ģڳɹĳֵ
Ͼʱ̣΢󣬾Ϳʼͬ΢䣬û뵽żȻˢλöλεһ˻Ϣ
ʱû뵽ͬǹ㳡żͬ£ɱ˺档
˵΢һ·»ȻϿȥ
иرװͬ£쾹Ȼŵ˾࣬˷ꡣ
ʱ΢һ˵СأҲ;Сرװദ
곤ķ֣ѳٵʮʮˡҮ
Цˣ췳˾ٰˣ˵ˣڶڲˣоǿٰʱ͵͵Ž·
ʲô
ʱָһ٣ʱȻʶ˾Լ
һնؿڣ㿴˸Խܵ顣
ˣ곤Ȼ̸ˣǲǴͷż˾ˣԼְ˵Ļϰ巢ˣҵʵǷ˾˿ģǮ˲𰡣㵱Ҽء
ʱĿ䵽ˡϣʧȥʫõķʱļ˻˭
ؿڲѻŭ⣬ͻȻϢϡ
ʱȫ£ڽʱ򣬽ִڵ¸߹ͷ­ԼΪһôһתʵεϰˣ
ִΪʲôƭԼ
ϰˣ
֮ǰԱǧĹʾ͸Լǧ壬ʵִ⣿
ʱŭɶϲʤ
˱˺ĲôǺˣоִ̫ˣлֺõģֱûа취ּҪִ绰Ҫ֤һʵ
û뵽绰û˽
Ϊ̫ʱЬȥִĹ˾ȥʱ¥ͷԼʿ
û뵽ʱʢʱִ֣ȴǰִ̨֪ѾְϢ
ȥˣ
ʱеһѣ˫ŷ·޵زȿգִ֪жԼֻ˵֪ĵûʵ顣
ϰ˵㣬׿˺棬ֵܲţǸͦˣͦװִһֱԱ˵ʲôִüţ˴Сµת¥
ߵʱִԭĮͷıһ̧˲䣬ʱֹס
СװĲţʱִңңӡ


60 
ˣ
ִվת¥ݿڣɲŹ˾ھˣҲܴӺܵǸֻϿƬϺš
ţɫضִ˵˺ܶ䣬Ȼ鼱֮ûסѣײϹ˾ſڵĻִ̳קһѲס
ȥãҲǼӣǸкӲ֪ǱߣǱס˵Ҳ˾Ĺ˾Ա̽ѰĿɨʶﲢһܺõ̸ص㣬ǵת˳ͷ뿪ˡ
ִ׼ʱ°࣬ڿ·ϾѾԤϵʱһ鷳Ҳû뵽ʱԴ
ִƿţͿͦſŵķʱŵ󣬲ִСɫץס׵ѧһ
ִеһЩͷۣʱҲû̫Ϊ⣬Ͼ֮ǰֵҲûûйķʱ׾ԸͺòұԭΪʱĳһԸ֮
ǣִǳؽװѵҺã߹ȥʱʷʱôǰ°ˣ
ʱǻ﷢һģߣڻʲôϵ𣿡
ִûнӻڵȴʱҪ
ʱǳסģûʲôҪ͵𣿡
ִ̧ʲô
ִԷʱһָƣϵճµ³˼붼ִ֪һжԷʱʱûʸִ֪κ¡
Ƿʱӿȷʵ̫ӶеˣִҲִĵ̬ȡ
ִۣڶԷ£¶һѺӦе˻˵ǹҪ㣬ʵҸջռҲûжá
ûжǶã
ִ˵Űꡣ
ʱ͵һ´ɳվҲûãô˵ʵӽִѾϢػȥռˡ
ΪʲôҪң
ֳִܲΪӣڵķʱǺȡ֣һ¼˵㣬ǵʲôӰ𣿡
ʵ㿪أ¶ҲûӰҲ޹𣿡
ִȫû뵽ʱЩ£̲סü⵽˭ģ˭Щ£
˭ҵģǲģʱ㾹ȻÿλԱǧĹʣȴǧ壡⵽ΪʲôȥûԱǲҲڰеôҲҪѡң
ִ޷ָأҰеʲôˣԼֳʲô㲻֪𣿡
ұʲôˣʱӶ̲סǰбִ
ִû뵽ʱû֪֮Ҳ棺ȥٵٴΣֿôԱ˵ҲǸ㷢˹𣿡
ʲôãʱױŭִΪʱͱֺ⣬õһҲӦõģΪֵòΣûʸִκ飬ִָ̧һֻëըèΪҶپʲôҲ֪PUAͨҴѹҵֶʹ벻㣡
ִŭЦ֪ʱⶼѧĴʶʣұѹʲôˣٵǲʵ𡣡
飡ʱ쭳֪ΪʲôִĴԼܶѣȴֱ׳ضԴԼִŭӵصͺܲˣûܵ㣡ΪԶǶԵģ
ʲôΪǶԵģѵ˵ʲô𣿡ִ޷˵
ִPUAʱʹ벻ԼôҪ˭ѧһ£кִֵܶúҪִʱ뿪Ҳûйϵ
֮ǰ˵֪˷ʱԼ˭ִܵҪʵûִܵìܷǰһĻҪִ
ִͷҲǷƷǳڷʱ˻߹ŭԼ˵Ҫʱ⵽˼㣬Ҳͣ˵һЩڲԵĻ
˭˵ʲôˣִЦһ·ʱС˼ָһٴλָӸµ̬ȣ㲻ҪΪһռҴʲôںҲֲʲôƲЩûõС̡
£ʱǱմһӣŵؿִʱκκλﶼһЩͼĶһǮҲҪЩƲķӣκζҶҪҲҪ飡
ƿʹ㣡ҲҪԭ㣡
ʱ˻ʱʪӣңֻԼ
ִڷʱ仰֮Ǹ⵽һػ̲סһ
ǿװ򶨣ŷʱģǷŭּĵɫͷǲ⿩һ
ִ룬ţǲķʱҲˣִʱ
ҪԸҲҪִûиĻ
ΪִİܣܹϵǺܵΣ̶൱ļȱݡ
̰ĽٵķʱҲûа취ǮɱΣһ㡣
ܶΣִϣʱܹĵһЩϰߣ٣ʱȣܰȡҪͶ񣬵ʱڱסҪΪӣִ۲ƣɫܹܶҲҪִ
ͷԲѣ㲻Ҫ˵
ִԼ侲ؽ
ʱˣӦϢ
ڰ˵ӵϽڶĻ˵ʱַ·ڳʲôӦŷ
ʱΪǵִֵһķʱЩ׷ʶǺֵܲһģԺԲĶʱǱһѹһؿ޽һҲҪһھҪߡ
˵ʧصȥȥק䣬ȻʼӣҪ·
ִû뵽ʱķŭͲǣֳԱִֹܵһץסʱֹ֣ǵо
ʱˣִץסʱϸݵӣѷʱƵʱϣľٶɫŵúҪʲôƾʲôң
ʱӴȴִվ⡰顱һһѹˡ
ʱ˵ϣִŴ˽Ļ쵰
ִվ⣬ٵ⣬Ĭܾã³һȻķʱ˵ҽ˯鷿Լú÷ʡӦӦҷƢ
ա
ʱ֪Լҹﵽǿ޵˯ţһλһʧǵƮ½ǰ½ִһϵеֶо
ʱ˵˺óһ󴮣϶ؽǰ½̫˳˵ֳһֽߩ顣
ڷң
½ͷĲ
ѵӦúҵǸ𣿡
ǣǡ
ѾصռˣȻ˿ҵǮ
Ҳ̫쵰ˣ½߿ǳ
ʱۿ߲ѣͲҡ
ԭһֱӭ½һʱͣסˣʱѾӼſڵСпߵ˳ſڡ
½ֹֻҵɫؿŸղź˳ȻͽеĹݸԼķʱ΢紵գֵԵľͶӰҶOO@@죬½ԥƬ̣˵⿴̫񡣡
ִԸĲãǷʱȫǲӣͶ֮䶼׿̽ϸĺۼ
۽ëϻķʱͣס¶ƬãȻ̫ȷִᰮԼ£ϾЩΪС⣬ϸĵûдִУִҲûжԷʱ˵
ҡΪʲôӣָáƺɡ
ʱִǷԼûüĿȴβˣ½ͬ£ǮǰӡһЭ飬ʾġ
ʱڰصСصѾһˣִȥϰˡ
ִκ鶼ܹӰȻ
ʱߵִ鷿ſڣšš
ִĹڼĵط鷿ʱЭ鷿ϣȷִҪ߽£һʱͿؿ
ڷʱЭź׼뿪ʱŵ·ȴСĹҵϵıͲ
һ˲Ͳ棬ıкʱòһʼȴڼɢԶһ¼ʵʱ򣬲Сʲô
š֡һ¼ʿʼųһϤʱ۾˲󡪡ҽ
ʱ˵㶯ִ
ִƽػظ˵һᣬֻǴְ壬ֻǳͷζûʲô򡣡
ûڴϻܱضԴ𣿡
ִûֱش⣬˵ܵСŵִʵڴ϶ԴʱѾ㹻ơ
ʱ¼ͻȻָּİťҲ֪һ֮¼ֿʼһ¼
ԼǲҲöԴķ̫ˣûбһʱǺѽܵġ
ҽĻ˵ִ꣬˼һ£Ȼش𣺡ڰƻд֮ǰεᳵϵҲǻѪ
ֻǵԲԣ
Ҳִ֪˵Ҳϣһһ³
ʵڵġҽ˵
ںҵ̸ܶᵽʵѽΪǰϰر𲻺ã齫ܴˣƭȥ͵ֱҺñ㷢ˣûܻǷծ˽ֱҲ˺֢Ը˸о˯֮⣬ǲҲԴ˸еεӰ죿
סƺܺЦܿ˵²ҵĴʳ
ҽʣǴµĳУΪ˵ڻΪʱûие
ûУҴûиоࡣִ˵Ȼó⣬ִ
شִ꣬ȴͻȻ˵Ҳûι
ҽѾһ⣬ȴĪ˵֪ڸҽڸԼ
˵ֻҰֻˡ
мǴƬĿհף¼ﴫɳɳİ
ȥܾãĬõִظһ飺ֻҰǿˡ


61 
ٺ˵һ飬ûҲûи߹ǸʲôκЩ飬ôֵĺûйϵ
ִЦһŶ㣬˭ôģ
˵⻰ʲô˼ִ̻ҵ鷳ú÷ʡʡԼԼǲ̫⣬̫أ˼Ǻ޸ʹ˰ˣ
·֮ǰִԴΪҪЮִȷʵ󣬵ִͷҲӦϵС»δ𲽣ִʱԼļͥҲûʲôô
ױ£ִȻִĲ¼ɡ
㲻͸¶ϢҲпĳЩִ
ִǳ׳ܲסߣ㵽û꣬Ҫ˵˵ģó֤вУѪˡ
£ֱִӹҶ˵绰
˭Ҳû뵽ǰռ˻û뵽ʲôķʹִع죬յĽ£ʩչ֮ƣɵûж䡣
ִԼǸ֮ͿʼԼ˼϶
ִȷʵԷʱҲ̹ϣѵΪʱǰִۣѲ
ִ뷽ʱĶԻ롰ԲȷʵӦЩ£ӽһ·֮ûٳٵҲкܴЩĿõģֵĻԱмĿܻᱻȡ
ִٻʱλظһϷǵ¼󲿷ֶǷʱ߶߶˵һѣִظһ֣󲿷ǡšֻ߼̸֪°Ϣ
⼸仰˵ѾǴżֺ˼ˣִҲ˵ˡԲ𡱣Ƿʱı͸ģҲӦûῴִǸһ˳Ѱİοķϣһҹ
Ȼִû뵽ǣһ֣ȥԱ߳һɫ̾š
ʱȻˣ
㣬ִǰֻȷ˷ʱǷڼңһȻֻ뿪칫ң°ؼҡ
ִصʱ򣬿ûƣһ۽յҷţȻޱȣ߽鷿
ʱȻûӦеķʡĻʱʽҪģʧȥִ飬˯ҡ
ִߵǰתΣԭɵ壬ͻȻڿĪֵļֱֽ
ִֹסüϵЭ飬뵱ˤȥǻֶ࿴ۡ
һηʱҪ뿪ľķǱѰΪЭݵĹ˾Ϸڷٵļ֤£ͬʱݣѡ˭͹˭ϸע⡣
ִƲסԼ鷿Ȼܴ³ƿҵš
ƿţִ﷽ʱƨڴ£֪ʲô
һ룬ʱƺ˶Ӵ±ԼǸʢľĺӣӴ˳
ִվſڣһϻΪԼͻȻֳָãʹ㵣ĺӣִ۽գһ£ִϻԴϲһЩ׵Ļҳ
ִĿɨַܿٽ¹ĵط䡣
ʱ׼һԣִڵʱ򣬰ִٴοڻĺӡ
ǷʱѾ壬ЩݳƷҲ㹻һЩüǮʱӻһʱ䡣
ײִŷʱʱ򣬿ǳɫͫȻӳִӰӣʵִһ鶼ûС
һֻ¶֪µĶԾסĳѨҪ뿪˭˭ߣ˭þ뿪ǡ̱ġƷ֡
һ˲䣬ִԷʱҲʹ޵ġ
ԷʱһЩɫָϣʱ᲻ֹԼϴԻҪ뿪ִĴ뷨ǸʶԴִĲ̺Ͳƽ
ִ֪ûõģڵķʱ֮ǰһڳɳͬʱҲľ뿪ִҲƾԼգԼһ̰ͼִܹṩĶͬʱҲͺܶ˶ܲ˵ִ
ִһʱȥʱ򣬲ĻһԼٶԷʱ˵һЩѻɣʱҪģ˵ʱĻͻ¡
ߵʱǰʱִͷһƬңϱȴǿ򶨣Լƽ˵Ұ㡣
˵뿪𣿡
˵򵥵仰ʱִĵ׵Ĭ˶ٴΣֻԷʱ˵ѻﲢ۵һ䣬ֻҪѷʱµֶΡ
ִϣʱڳɳͬʱҲܹɳ԰ִͬҲһ
һΪԭִôΥԼԭ顣
ʱ䣬ִΪʱ˰ծʱ򣬰ѷʱ߽ѧʱڼְĹؿ㷽ʱȥĦֵʱ򣬿ᰮ׷ϵĳɹĹִ뿪ռҴܷܼܶʱѩҹٶ๫ΪʱһԲʱʱӺԼɱЦҲ鲻Խǵʱִûгϰʱ
ӴִʵӦ֪ڡԷʱѣ˵Ұ㡱ʱ仰Ĳǻԡ
ó˼ִʱȴϸ֪޷ϽԼᰮϷʱǳһˣ޷ǷʱˣִٶŬʱҲûа취ϡ
ʱִͻȻסǾ䡰Ұ㡱Ҳڵ̻ըʱﱧŵıһʱòˣ䡣
أЩ鱦ʱЩȫԸɢһأڵƹҫ£ҫ貵Ĺâ
ʱվڱִʵֵԸǱִɵһִܽرס
ִ˵Һ𣿱˵ҡ
ִõƣͣһ£Ȼ˵֪ģҲΪ㸶˺ܶࡣ
ʱִʱʹһЩ°ܵϷ벢ִ֪ͣһĸþûл
˺ܾãƺֻǼӣʱɫڻָм˵Ϊһֱҡ
ǰڳʫõⰲ¼棬ͷĵƹڷʱϣִһʧǵһȴû뵽һԴ͸ҸԼνĽҡײƭһ˼زסý¹ִȵʱ򻹲Сİִĸ߶װĿȲ࣬ϣһ˫һۿ׵۾ִɫСִֺõЦ۵Ǹѧ·ͱĸèֵèӡ
ںĺܶΣѵĽӴУִԷʱۣʱĵģʱͲúѧʱ¶ר־ΪִûеõҪľȲȥˣִֻЩϣʱ˵ĵĺͷŭ
ҲںܶΣڿʱ޾ϸԼ˵ЩĵճһЩûʲôӰƬʱ
ʱԼ˵ִ磬Һѽ
Һ𣿡
Ϲʲôʱ°أ
ϹΪʲôû°أҲԴҳȥԷ𣿡
ԣء

ڼȷæĹΪܿܿ׷λãִģڶթĹִʱЩСǻʱҲ޷͵͵Ҹ
ЩҪִôأִֻʵʼʶʱڶĺͷŭĵ޸ģԷʱ˵ʵҵһμʱҾͺϲˡ
ִ˵仰Լǰʱȵ£ŵϤ˹õԡ¶ζѷʱӵ뻳ʱ̣̲סһ˱۾ҲûҲճɾɡ


62 
Ҫд֤顣
ڷʱƿִ֮ԶԼͻȻͼλִʱҪ
ʱ˵ֽ꣬ŶһֹԹִ㣬Ūˡһ߽ɢЩ׹һһּ
д֤ǵڻìܾҪߵһ̡
ȻִҲ⡣
ִվ뵽ʱҪԼʱı飬ڳֳ︡һ˿˵
룬ʱɵϣ˵ı֤ĶҲš
ִǺܴػش˵ԡ
Ͼŵ룬Ŀִͷʱǰ
ִһۣԴԼķʱܿ񣬴ƤҪұ֤ʲô
ʱƺѾмƻıܿѿڶ֤
ִűʣڱ֤дʱᵽݣдʱֲ䣺в衣
ִͷһ٣ȴû̧ͷֽд꣬ʣ𣿡
ʱ˵ûˡ
ִڱ֤˺ǩԼƮݵǩΪղѾԷʱ˵ǷʱûִٶԷʱ֤
֤д꣬ʱӹִݸԼֽϣĿһ飬ȷ󣬿ǻõضִ᣺šһ
ִʱǰȻԼŵıֽ֤֮󣬷ŵԼֻ棬ֻ档
Ϊʲôɣִ֤һһŻᱻʱղء
ʱѱ֤պãʲôִѵʱ㲻ҴӺųĻԺûа취תˡ
ʱһ㶣ܿȷʵҹ߲ҿͷ͵ʱһǵ¡
ǣִͬʱʱܿɤӣ˵֪ˡ
ˣ㡣
ʱղַϵİٱǰһƣƵֱִߡ
ƹȥʱƺʲôһİٱ˻򿪺óϷҪ
ʱ꣬ȴ̧ͷʱִɫܲ죬Ƴһۣ˵ֲֵǮ
ִٴαʱƵԼֱߵӣܳΪʲô׷ʱΪʲô׵ϲɣ䱦ĶڲҪ˾Ҫִ
Ƕϲˣ
ʱ˵ôܣ˭᲻ϲЩö
ΪʲôҪҡִǼԼǻûסԷʱ˵һЩ˵Ķ߶ûõģĶҡ
ʱȫ޷ָ𣬲ִǰվں˵ʲôҰʲôˡ
ִ˵㲻õʯҵֻϣְѿıɴң
ǲҲõ꣡Ϊ꣡ұΪϲԣŸõģ
ʱһ仰֮󣬿ִɫǶȻйһִ֪ۺСԺܺãʱƤǺһִ˵ҰõҲˡ
ڱҵһ꣬ʱԼСܷ״һ͸ִǲ֪Ϊʲôִǵá
ҰٱĶҲǷʱϲĺöҲԸⶼ׸ִ
òãΪеĶ̫ˡ
ʲôʱ򣬿һķʱִܸĶ̫ˡ
ǷʱҲѾ߾ܵظִһУִȵᣬִ۵ԣִĵЦִ˳ִ޴εԭ¡
ִѵûиʱʱĶãʱ̹ǵ裬ʱ򣬸ʱĳͷ
ۺ뻵ִ뷽ʱҲѾԱ˴˽Լȫʵˡ
ʱ˵ѾˣΪʲôҡ
Ƿѹ̫˶Բԣʱһ˫è۶Ϊ˽ִпһ˵ҽż̵ʱˣ˵ķȫҪ򡣡
ִûشԣΪʲôʱӦҪʲôĽء
ĬΪشķʱı䣬ҵ˽ִѵѷЩͲûȥ㲻صĵطˡ
ʱ뵽ִԼ˵飬ִļ޷ִǸͬΪ˰ϳźüִ꣬ؼȴԼҲмΪڸĸѹϾִڻȻԼһûнŵʸġ
ȥһִֿסѹ˷ʱҲһ
ȻִͷʱܲһӦʱԷʱ֤鶼ⲢʱӦöԴµġ
ҺͥÿһλͥԱӦþ
ִӵؿŷʱоʱҲûô⣬Ȼ̰Ľ٣ʵԺҲܶµûкִҪʲô۵ķӳӣִִֻܹҪ
һЩװƷִЩǳҪװԼԼƯԸ
Ǵǰڤ粻飬ӲʱڣʱҲûлˣֻ߶Աʲô˼ֻԼ
ҷʱҲûйһ˲䡪Сݡ
ִܶ˺£Ҳ׾ԭ£ԸóԼܵЩֵǵղؼִνѹ
һд˱ִ֤ٴλûصҵȨ
ڴϵʱִͣڱʱԸóлִ´ĳþûл˿ûϸʱóԼ򵥵Ʒ׸ԼĪĸжǷ
û˲ִֹһʱʱҲͷѣִ˵ԼнѾܹǼʹɸ˵˯š
ʱſڴϣŻ谵ĵƹִĲ˵Ҫ˵Ҿ֪ѽ
ִ˵֪ʲô
ִ֪ܶʱԼüͷֺʱʵ
ʱӶһ£˵ʵǵĶԲԣֻڵҡ
ִֻڵߴ˺ܶ·ķʱĳ˲ٴ·ǹֵҲֵؿơ
ô֪ˣ
˵㰮ңҾ֪ˡ
ʱ۾ִͻȻ֮ǰкܲӦʹʱڣʱִһֱƢܲԷʱ̵ܶ£ѷʱﷸūһԴÿһԸⱧŷʱ˯Һܶηʱٽ峿ʱ򣬱ִȻﾪѻһĶͻȻʧѹһ˲
Ƕʱڣʱجξѵʵֹʱִֻûи߹ûа취Ϊֵκεķʱ
뵽ִЩ¼ĶԻִ˵جΣεҷԲԣ
ִɫһȴûнӻʱϿĶֺʲô顣
¡ʱͻȻ˵ɫ۾ִִ˵᳤ܻģһֱκ¡
ǾǷʱܶ鶼ãʵʱӦ֪ģʱֻҪһ¡ִúమִΪɣִڷʱڴϲԶ֪ƣرܣֱɷʱԸ
һֱϣܹйϵռϷ磬ΪһִԸڷʱôǰмõΣʱѳʫ÷ڵһԼڵڶԭӦҪִڵ
ִһκͷʱ֣͵˱˵ϷǸҹʱ޵ңŷԴִ࣬᲻ɴݵĳѷ죬ԸΪԼͶķʱͿҩʹࡣ
ʵʱûͶʵִֻĻ롣
һִ̣ӦʶСĶַʱһֱӮִʵҲһֱ䡣
ʱΪǰҹ̫û˯ãʱ˯ִѾ⣬ִؿǰҺλõķʱҪְˡ
ɣٲ죬ٲǵҲҪһ죬ʱѾ̫ͬ࣬ҲӦĳһӦִ߳ΪаִܾΪڶԱ
ʱеĳһܹ¡
ִڴһ죬ȴֱ˽ؿ־һ졣
ϾСģûа취չ˺ԼķʱӦöִĴӣִСˡ
ǿųǿʹִҲִİ
ֱִڵ۾ϣ³һҪſַųԼ߬һŶԷʱ˵ˣ׼
ʱ˵Ҳᰮġʱ۾˵֤
ִķʱֻģԼҲ֪ʱı֤ǺƱġ
ִ˵á˵


63 
ʲô㾹Ȼְˣ½ֻզզشΪʲô
ʱһŵ綯һߺ½绰ҲǺ˵Ǽҵ꾹Ȼִ翪ģʲô°ǵǮǲǵͶֿڴ𣡡
ʱڶ½׼һ
½ʣһʲô
ʱ˵һټ֮ȻԼﵱ곤
Ƶʱʱĵ綯Զȥ˵ҲģԼܸ㶨֪ģҪǿˣ˵װɡ˵ˣҵԵĵطˡ
ʱܣȷʵķʱҵһݹһһҸ߶˵ƷƷƵꡣ
ִΪʱֲܼ˺ܾõԤ룬ְԺ󣬳ϵӭеһΡ
ʱ֮һζȥĳУǰ˺üͿʼʰԼ䡣
һְģΪʲôҪȥ
ִ۷һæǰæ󣬲ʱѯԼɫģƶţ¹͵һķʱﻳɷʱǲֱżƳȥ˺ʱ𣬲ûֱʳȥ
ʱͷҲûأԼ·ұֵúã곤˵ҿԴȥѧϰι۵ģ㶮
ִ̧꣬۵ʱüëҲһ˲ɫ˵ĩȷ£һƣҿȥ
ʱִһۣһĶеŤ˵ˣһбͬأһǲҪˡ
뼯廷Ŵʱڳǵһˡ
ִû뵽ʱ뿪ʱ䣬һܾ͵ġ
˭ⲻĩӰôڻڰ칫ءִվСµİ칫ǰš
Ϊʱ첢Ҿܾ͵ִѾ㹻ãʱִϣ̧Ƴһֺۣܿ첻ٸ񣺡ûԼİ칫𣿡
ִǰߵִİ빤ǰڽֻһڲƶĺ㣬Ȼ̧ͷܵûʲô飬̫
ڣǸʲôŶλ
ִƤû̧һ£ˣҹһİȫ⣬ôˣ
⻰˵÷Եִ˴СƵģִ治˼ؿִ֪𣿡
ִܶ𣺡йϵ𣿡
ִһܲӣʱִ濪ʼԽûӦִ֧ŵǸСɢϾִ˽Ŀƿ񣬷κһϣ˼Ҳܲˡ
Ҫвץû㡣ִʱѹżҳ󲻿ԭƳ볨İ칫š
ִʱ򿴵ʱѾﵽ֪ľƵλãȻŹֻ
ʱŷֳʱԸۿ磬ִ棺㵽ʲô£
ִ˵˵ڡ
ִҲûͻؾæûʱ䡣
˵Ҫ룬ԴǸʲôһȥȥִ۾۾ӲǱӵ˵ֲ꣬䣺ɶɩԲͷɵöллɩӡ
ʱĳԭӦһϽγû뵽һ֮һ죬ʱʱۼٺִϢظġšѾɡ족ˡ
ĳٶۣʱҲǺִϦദüˣִһСԿ׿ۣ˵͸ִ
֮һЧҲûС
ڶ죬ʱŵ㣬ɤغ͵곤٣˵岻ҪϢһ졣
ͬеͬ¶ܾȣͷһһʱ򣬷ʱģû뵽ڶͲˡ
ʱִ֮õҪһƻУռլϢ
ʱǵ͵ģʱҪȥִİ裬뵽ִִôãΪͬ¸ϳü궼ýţο
ҸʫһʱŹʵҲԼЩŵǸС
¶ɰѷʱŻˣһԹִûһ˵Լû׼òȥˣִ˵ȥͲȥˣʱֳɫִǲʵҲȥϾҲִĸĸ
˵ȥȥɡ
ǰʱΪһпڸһޱ裬ҹ˯ֶˣڶһ˵ˡ
ֵʱڣÿʱ򣬷ʱ״һС
ȥƻе·Ϸʱе񲻼ãʱðû͸ɤҲеףֱռլĵؽᵹڸʻκķʱŵۣſڳԴ⿴
羰һľǷ羰ֽͼռլɽˮĵطͷдУСȪУԶȥռլ㡣
ʱܲȫ
ִһ߿һ߿ʱӿҪȥ
ûĳʱǲӻִһۣû뵽ִСӰӾŷ޹ĳǱס
ʱ룬ˣִƽˣҪСҲĳǱﳤ󣬿ԸҲִΪǰɡ
ڳϵʱ򻹺ãӽռլţʱ̴һȻưͻˣ˾нöܲȻ
ʱӽţ͸оϣģ́ѰңӶȴǹŹ̵ķẒ́Ա߶ˮĵˮ˾ְͷæӡ
ʱɳϣִʱ˸绰̨شǰ绰
ҵúͳ±¥۾ʱƳһۣʱɳվŵĸòˡ
ʱִҵ˵绰ʱ߹ǣס˷ʱ֣ǰһ£ʱ˶һĸá
ҵõأšһҲûӡ
ִʱҲˣߵɳǰһȲͷˣȻ˵æ˵Ϲ
պִʱģⶼ˴ŵС¡
ˣ°ɡ
ǰ֪ҵ˼ĳ±ûȥҵԼŹߵǰλˡ
ִǰ뿪ʱҵûΣʱΪⱲվˣ⼸ָܻѾϡ
£ִִԱߣִԱŷʱ
ǴСµĲִԶԶؿʱǴθ̫ԶԶûοʱˣֱۣ˵ʱ򣬰ͱִСܶ࣬ɫڵƹ·Ű״ɵᣬ촽̺ͿǾĻģ
ʱнִߣҲ£ˣбʮңһ˫è۶ΪصشΧˣǳ˿
±ҵЩ꣬ԽزˣʱĿ⵭ɨϵˣ˵һ䣺ɡ
ѵûһ˹ڵģҲΪѷʱʲô
Ǿǳٶ緽ʱҲܲȻռûжѣҲûκλӭ˼
òװʱ򣬿Ϊ·ȷʵۣϲƷȷʵʢʱִԼҵĲˣ𽥷
ֿʼʮӣִʱӲˣһֱû˵
ҵ۾ɨʱͻȻʣˣ
ִڷʱǰʮġ
ҵﰲ˰ʱ䣬ǰִһʱѾʮһˣȴûԳʲôʣʲôģ
決ʦ
⻰ִֽӣҵñеˣӸλ˵ˣʱüһȴǰѹҪʢҵѾʼã˵仰ѣִٴеػʲô˼ѾѾ˸׳ҵóѾе˼
ʱʱʵǶˣղŷִӦͰĳԷˣʱͻȻҵõ߶סʱһɿһӼȥ֮ҵԼİ
𡣡£ʱӼζȷʵղųִûע⵽һ飬ʱԾԾ
ͻȻԼԱߵִһ̣ʱһִɫ
ʱʱ򻹶Էϵķӿ޲ִһֲۣ˵ذѿӴӸӼƿˣⶼִϼˣأִ⸱ӣԼ˦ء
ԾͲԡʱСֹһѿƵһ̿Ƚ嵭ɤӱȽº͵Ĳϡ
ȴû뵽ʱӸһƿͻȻվĦ淢Ĵ̶졣
һĴԵ쳣ࡣ
ִҲܲһͻȻվһѾסִ죺вǲǣڣ˭ʹأƽﶼˣ㶼ʮˣܲܳһ
ִЦһһڻҴ˻ء
ʲô˼ʲôˣܹ˼仰ˣ
Ҫɴһִ˪ҲվһƿִץԼ֡
顱һִȥһȭֱҵִϣ㻹űǲǣΪ˭һ˶˳˼ɫ
һȭҵòᣬɼõġ
ҵÿҲˤ˿ӣʲôԶȥ
Ȼʱֵܵ˵ˣִҲȥһȭ˻ȥִ˲䱻ۣϲײϵĲ̣ϡﻩһء
ԭһĻɵƵķʱڻع
ʱִѪӳѪȣĿִһ䣬ʲôѽʲô
ʲôļͥնģڹڵʱִлʲô״ׯ԰ǱִȻС̶Ѩһ仰˵þͱվ
ִתͷһǷʱһͷǼ۵СţƵĳԼܲ˵س˹ִ屾ܷӦһ㡣
һ¿ɺãΪִ㿪ʱֱײǽ
ԭֻڷˤˤҵʱҲûͱվһеĳ±ʱҲ췢һ
顱һ죬ʱʵʵײǽϣײ˸ͷѪתͷִԼ˹Ӱ鶼ûһ˹ȥ


64 ꣩
˭Ҳû뵽һԲԳ
ȵ绰֮󣬷ʱͽͽϿعɵҽԺ
ҽϷʱ˿˶ǲЩ΢֮⣬ûбĴ£ҲִִܷҽԺִһΡ
ôˣ֪𡣡
Ϊʲô㿪ִִĿ⣬·ʲôʮ顣
㽲ˣԼײܲ㿪𡣡ִ졣
ײ㣬ж󾢣
⻰ʵʱӣǸֻܺ޻ܺӲӲ͡
ִǲ飬ǵ˵ˣִһʱͣͱΪʲôײ㣬ѵΪȶ֣
˱ʱִҲѾҲʣ첱Ӵֵغִ˵Ϊʲôȶ֣
Բִ֮겻ŵļơ
յļͥĿռլĻչŹֶĬ
󣬻ҵóһڵô˵Ǽ£Ӧȥ
˵⻰ʱĿ䵽ִϡ
ִ˲һɿҲŲȥ
ȥʱ˵ʲô˵˵ʲôԲ治ǹ㿪˵ģֱЦ
ҵ˵̫嶯ˣȻô
˵꣬šü뵽ִǺӣĿԶķִëҸе飬˵ŵԣŵڣٸǸ֪֪ȵĳصģʲôӡ
ڷϣǷʱִߣоҪЩ˶ڣִȥ˭֪˽ֻһӣŹִ겻š
û뵽ⳡ˲ٿϵķ֣һβ˳
ʱҵû˵ֻҲ΢΢һЦ֣˵ǣȻ¸ִٻʱٺú˵˵ȰȰڸģҸ֪ŵԵġ
ҵñ⻰ҭסû˵
һԭº۵ĳ±ҲˣִʱȷʵҲûʲô۶ӡ
ִýҵʼûа취ԷʱЩȥ黳˵ǸôӼ߰ߵˣ
ִ˵Ҫ˵֣ͱˣΪִʲôأҲͷʱûӵִܵôǰ˺װģαӣժˣڹˣٴϣô׵°
ô˵ܵܵģܵס¶һ㣬Ҳֵ
ִ⻰Ӳˣ֣Ҿ֪ƫΪܰ˾Բԣ
ⳡ̸һТ
ڷʱסԺڼ䣬ռҶӻصƻеһЩǶǵϢɿյڲ
˵Ϊҵòͬ⣬ִǸν氮˵ֱռլնͷǰײǽû뵽꾫ôңһƣҵôԧ죬ټҲ˿ࡣ
ⳡ˵硵ĺϷΪ˲෹̸ʡ
ҽԺ
ʱ֮ԴѾã۾ͿִԼĴš
㣬û°ɡŻʱԴϾһѣθϮ˲ͷǣθҲӿ
ִæסı˵£е𵴡
ʱɻز˺һǽθʸǿѹ˻ȥ
û¡ִŷʱڲϲ԰һСӣ֪Ϊ뵽ܶǰʱҲΪ˳ʫãһźȣһֻƼ˵СҰһҪݵ鷳
ǷʱС£ǳųˣҲΪں˱¸ҡ
ڷʱǾ䡰Ұ㡱һֱŽɵֱִ۹˿ŭͼŵ֮ʱ򡰽šıҲɱشһ㡣
ִ˵û¡ֲĸ߷ʱ֮ȷʵֻҪæ˵أֻʷʱôͷʹʹ
ʱ۾ʱŵͷʹģˣûɡ
֮Ϊҹ緽ʱռլıֹھĶǣӡ̣ʱǰѡǸִĵǸСġţռ
û뵽ôСһСΪƫִôһͷײȥ
ΪƽʹǰοʶΣȷʱΪİִţΪԼ鷳˷ǳ䱸
ڷʱסԺʮ¶Цݣϴ嵭ˮζʱʱʱຣα
û췽ʱͿʼɩǰɩӺա
ʱסԺʮ죬ųԣԵöӹԲԭȻ
ڼִҲڸʩѹ£ڷʱǰһϣ˷ʱĲǰ
ִִ֪ڲ棬о治ͬѰİĶ𣬵һԴ¶϶ĲɨһۣȻڲһţųء
ִһʱǣֺܵʱֹ̽ҪȵʲôʱҲûǲš
Ӻ󣬵ȿһ򿪲ŵĵܵܣִ߽ڲϵķʱշ죬촽ʪһɫõò˵ӡ
ִŴռլƷЦݷǳӲؿŷʱôӻ𡣡
ʱʵѾԳԺˣִ棬ǿôණķϣ⼸ҲûٺĲһ˵֣á
ִվⷿоӣ̲סִȰһԼҵҽԺҲҽԺǴ󴲷ܲע
ʱʱΪܵ͵ִСʱǲҲ۸㡣
ִƤִһۣûǸ¡
ζԻޱشִУЦŤҧźָָ㡭ǣָʱŵ÷ʱԴһ
տ
ĸ˵ļƣִŶ
粻Ǹ˼֪ģЩûʵһֱû߶㣬Сô㣬һ磬ȴѹһͷСʱҲȲ㣬˵Ҳ˵㣬Ҳþء
ҹӵյ绰ִվҽԺ̨ŽĵƻĻִСʱûϢؿ޵ӡ
һǿܳɫˣյԺܹӲдôãûԽˣִҲԽɻôѡִˡ
ҪһûУߵʱҲյ¿Ƽ£ʱλҵڵͬѧҵյ¿Ƽ˵һִģҪߣ˭ߣյ¿Ƽˣûдһһ䡣ʵһֱִ֪ȻΣʵ¼رأȻԴˣҲɼʱҲеƺˡ
ǰ˵ģҪëģ͹ҡ
ճĬãĲҲ˻ǲǣҪи̣ⲻһ͵顣
ֵǰ迴Ҳ֪ǺǸģɣ
ִ˵ֳ´βýˡ
ն˶٣˵˵ȷʵЩִ٣»ػ񡣡
ҵúͳ±ֶôˣļǺܹصĶ
ִ뵽ʱԴ˵ƫó̶ȣûؾǺãҺ˵˵
˵Щļˣֲǵˡ
ִĬû˵Ĭ˵һллɩӡ
ʱԺִֻصУػعλ
ʮһ·ݣʱȥμܹ˾ĵƱ
ִû뵽ʱչʾԼչʾļʻƻ˽
ʱ꽱֮˷ܵò֪ôǺˡ
һٶʮƽ׵ļﾹѰһʵİ֮
һڵӻȻȻһõڴͷϣһָоִ鷿ִÿհԼԼӡҲ
ִһСӣڼžͿԿĵط
ĩһ궬һѩ
ҹִ鷿صңѴͷϵһͥӪֲᡷ
ЩϤİʮִһڻĲ⿼һڲȡþĳɼ
ҺܿҰ㡱͡Բ𡱻СЩִʿԽִͷʱĻìܡ
ߵమḶ́ͷԴִҲûѰýݾǺִһϲͶˡ
ִصĵƣ߱û谵ִߵǰ
ԭԼѳһŵķʱִƿӣѵʱתִꡣ
ʱ۾죬ִĵҪˡ
ִĳѾϰΪȻɻĵôˣ
˵ôǮΪʲôȥ޸
ʱ߷ǳյüֱҪᣬ̧֣һͨ۾̵Ľëʪһһ˫͸۾رίִҲ֪ʰɣ
ͷɫĵƹůůǣʱǳɫִڳϣִ
ִʵûסͷס
ǵͷͣЩȱűſķʱʱʶԼ⧲ִһڣյƿִڸ˵أ㶮˰
һĶ죬⿪ʼƮϸѩ
ִʱܲǫãǹһ˵㣬Ҫ˵ң
ܶʱӵʱ鲻ԽҪǣִûϡ
ִ˵ˣҪ˼ƽϡ
ùʱֻǸԷʱľޡ߾ͼ˺ܶڣڷҳʱ򣬿ʱöһ΢
ɯŮ˵ΪƶǼ²ҲûзݣȻƶȴǲҪûаͲġ
㣨תۣɯŮ˵öԡ